MedWorm: Gonorrhoea

Whistlestop tour

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:07:27 +0100

(Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

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Trends in the epidemiology of bacterial sexually transmitted infections in eastern Europe, 1995-2005

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:07:27 +0100

This article reviews trends in the epidemiology of the major bacterial STI in eastern European countries, their key determinants, as well as challenges and opportunities for enhancing STI control in the region. Search strategy Publications were sought through computerised searches in PubMed from 1995 to 2008 using using free text and relevant medical subject headings with no language restrictions. Conference abstracts and other unpublished manuscripts were excluded. Results The reported rates of STI in many eastern European countries have either decreased (syphilis and gonorrhoea in the eastern/Russian regions, gonorrhoea throughout eastern Europe) or been relatively stable (syphilis in the southeastern region, chlamydia throughout eastern Europe), in the past decade, but are still signi...

Increasing trend in gonococcal resistance to ciprofloxacin in The Netherlands, 2006-8

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:07:27 +0100

Conclusion Ciprofloxacin resistance in The Netherlands is increasing, and is particularly found in MSM, older women, and female sex workers. No resistance to current first-choice therapy was found, but alertness to potential clinical failures is essential. By merging epidemiological and microbiological data in GRAS, specific high-risk transmission groups can be identified and policy adjusted when needed. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Addressing the high prevalence of gonorrhoea and chlamydia among female sex workers in Indonesia: results of an enhanced, comprehensive intervention

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:07:27 +0100

Conclusion The STI-control programme was effective in reducing infection prevalence and increasing condom use among sex workers. This intervention has been scaled up and may decrease national STI levels and reduce HIV transmission. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Which HIV-infected men who have sex with men in care are engaging in risky sex and acquiring sexually transmitted infections: findings from a Boston community health centre

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:07:27 +0100

Conclusions These results underscore the need to develop more effective secondary prevention interventions for HIV-infected MSM, tailored to more recently diagnosed patients, particularly those who are younger and substance users. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Screening for asymptomatic chlamydia in women: How often would gonorrhoea be missed?

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:19:20 +0100

(Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS)

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Rectal Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women. Is it overlooked?

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:19:19 +0100

Screening for rectal chlamydia was not routinely offered in our department until we had a local outbreak of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in men who have sex with men (MSM) in 2004/2005. We later decided to extend the screening to high-risk women (women who had receptive anal sex, contacts of gonorrhoea, women, with anorectal symptoms, women who had been sexually assaulted). A retrospective study of 152 women from whom 160 rectal chlamydia swabs were taken was carried out. Twenty (12.5%) swabs were positive, 19 of which were also positive at the cervix. All were non-LGV serovars. The groups at greatest risk were high-risk women aged less than 20 years and women with proven gonococcal infection where the prevalence was 22.6% and 30%, respectively. We conclude that rectal chlamydial infecti...

Establishment of an HIV/sexually transmitted disease programme and prevalence of infection among incarcerated men in Jamaica

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:19:19 +0100

The goal of this study is to describe the establishment of an HIV testing and treatment programme in the Jamaican correctional system and to estimate the prevalence of HIV/sexually transmitted disease (STD) among adult incarcerated men in this country. A demonstration project was implemented by the Jamaican Department of Correctional Services and Ministry of Health in the nation's largest correctional centre. All inmates were offered HIV and syphilis testing, and a subset was offered chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis testing. Cross-sectional data from the project were reviewed to determine the prevalence and correlates of HIV/STD. HIV test acceptance was 63% for voluntary testers (n = 1200). The prevalence of HIV was 3.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.33–4.64) (n = 1017) and...

Oropharyngeal gonorrhoea: rate of co-infection with sexually transmitted infection, antibiotic susceptibility and treatment outcome

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:19:19 +0100

In conclusion, successful management of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea should comprise of counselling, partner notification and TOC after treatment with appropriate antibiotic regimen. (Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS)

Sexually transmitted infections among pregnant heroin- or cocaine-addicted women in treatment: the significance of psychiatric co-morbidity and sex trade

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:19:19 +0100

Psychiatric co-morbidity and sex trade were tested as correlates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among 76 pregnant heroin- or cocaine-dependent women. Participants were recruited from a drug treatment programme and attended a clinician-administered assessment including the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV-TR) and self-report questionnaires about lifetime histories of sex trade and STIs (i.e. gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes, genital warts or trichomonas). Lifetime and six month rates of STIs were 53.9% and 18.4%, respectively. The majority of women also had lifetime histories of psychiatric co-morbidity (61.8%) and/or sex trade (60.5%). Participants with psychiatric co-morbidity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–11.6) a...

Audit of routine rectal swabs for gonorrhoea culture in women

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:19:19 +0100

The British Association for Sexual Health and HIV Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gonorrhoea (GC) in Adults recommends rectal screening only in special circumstances. Our genitourinary medicine clinic undertakes rectal swabs for gonorrhoea culture in all women attending for sexually transmitted infection screening. We undertook this audit to determine the value of our practice. (Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS)

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eTriage - a novel, web-based triage and booking service: enabling timely access to sexual health clinics

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:34:13 +0100

In recent years, the sexual health of the nation has risen in profile. We face increasing demands and targets, in particular the 48-hour waiting time directive, and as a result clinic access has become a priority. eTriage is a novel, secure, web-based service designed specifically to increase access to our clinics. It has proved a popular booking method, providing access to 10% of all appointments across the Directorate within six months of introduction. KC60 analyses revealed that the majority of users (58%) underwent asymptomatic screening with the remainder having some degree of pathology. There was a greater percentage prevalence of human papilloma virus, chlamydia, non-specific urethritis, gonorrhoea, herpes and trichomonas in the eTriage population when compared with the general clin...

Variations in the effect of incarceration on community gonorrhoea rates, Guilford County, North Carolina, 2005-2006

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:34:13 +0100

Community incarceration rates have been shown to be associated with rates of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Mechanisms underlying this association include transmission by recently released inmates and community disruption resulting from the absence of incarcerated individuals. We studied the 2006 rates of gonorrhoea at the census tract level in Guilford County, North Carolina (NC) with the previous year's incarceration rates as the exposure of interest. We replicated an analysis conducted in Durham, NC, but unlike in Durham found no meaningful association. When terms were added to the model to allow for a non-linear effect, incarceration levels were associated with rates of gonorrhoea (P < 0.05), indicating the effect of incarceration on gonorrhoea rates differs based on ...

HIV/STI co-infection among men who have sex with men in Spain.

Euro Surveill — Fri, 18 Dec 2009 20:32:02 +0100

We describe HIV prevalence in men who have sex with men (MSM) diagnosed with infectious syphilis and/or gonorrhoea in 15 STI clinics; and concurrent diagnoses of STI in MSM newly diagnosed with HIV in 19 HIV/STI clinics. In total, 572 MSM were diagnosed with infectious syphilis and 580 with gonorrhoea during 2005-2007. HIV prevalence among syphilis and gonorrhoea cases was 29.8% and 15.2% respectively. In the multivariate analysis, HIV/syphilis co-infection was associated with being Latin American; having a history of STI; reporting exclusively anal intercourse; and having sex with casual or several types of partners. HIV and gonorrhoea co-infection was associated with age older than 45 years; having no education or only primary education completed; and having a history of STI. In total, 1...

Sexually transmitted infections and related sociodemographic factors in Lisbon's major Venereology Clinic: a descriptive study of the first 4 months of 2007

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology — Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Despite its limitations, our study allows some insight into the relationships between sociodemographic factors and STI in a selected population attending Lisbon's major Venereology Clinic. The results were similar to those of other European studies and to recent trends in STI, but differ in the association between C. trachomatis infection and non-Caucasian women, which is similar to cities with significant African minorities. Attention should be given to the associations found between men who have sex with men and STI such as gonorrhoea, syphilis and HIV, as these associations can lead to serious difficulties in the control of HIV infection in Portugal. (Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology)

HIV/STI co-infection among men who have sex with men in Spain

Eurosurveillance latest news — Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

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Syphilis and gonorrhoea in men who have sex with men: a European overview.

Euro Surveill — Sat, 28 Nov 2009 11:30:03 +0100

Authors: Savage E, Hughes G, Ison C, Lowndes C, This paper describes recent trends in the epidemiology of syphilis and gonorrhoea infections in Europe among men who have sex with men (MSM). Routine surveillance data submitted to the European Surveillance of Sexually Transmitted Infections (ESSTI) network from 24 European countries for the period 1998-2007 were analysed. Data on whether syphilis and gonorrhoea infections were in MSM were available for 12 and 10 countries respectively. The number of syphilis cases reported to be MSM increased considerably in all Western European countries. While in some Central and Eastern European countries the male to female ratio remained relatively stable at around 1:1, in Slovenia and Czech Republic the proportion of male cases increased and so did...

Syphilis and gonorrhoea in men who have sex with men: a European overview

Eurosurveillance latest news — Thu, 26 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This paper describes recent trends in the epidemiology of syphilis and gonorrhoea infections in Europe among men who have sex with men (MSM). Routine surveillance data submitted to the European Surveillance of Sexually Transmitted Infections (ESSTI) network from 24 European countries for the period 1998-2007 were analysed. Data on whether syphilis and gonorrhoea infections were in MSM were available for 12 and 10 countries respectively. The number of syphilis cases reported to be MSM increased considerably in all Western European countries. While in some Central and Eastern European countries the male to female ratio remained relatively stable at around 1:1, in Slovenia and Czech Republic the proportion of male cases increased and so did the percentage of cases reported to be MSM. More cas...

Can culture confirmation of gonococcal infection be improved in female subjects found to be positive by nucleic acid amplification tests in community clinics?

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 18:04:13 +0100

Conclusion: This study shows that culture confirmation in NAAT positive subjects in a community gonococcus screening programme can be significantly improved by urgent transportation to and processing of specimens in the laboratory. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Legislation requiring monthly testing of sex workers with low rates of sexually transmitted infections restricts access to services for higher-risk individuals

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 18:04:13 +0100

Conclusion: The current legislation requiring monthly STI testing is compromising the access for higher-risk individuals to sexual health. Other countries contemplating mandatory testing need to consider the influence that the frequency of testing has on access to sexual health services for high-risk groups. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Whistlestop tour

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 18:04:12 +0100

(Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

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Sexual network position and risk of sexually transmitted infections

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 18:04:12 +0100

Conclusions: These results demonstrate the importance of measuring sexual network structure using network data to fully capture the probability of exposure to an infected partner. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Bacterial membrane vesicles deliver peptidoglycan to NOD1 in epithelial cells

Cellular Microbiology — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Gram-negative bacterial peptidoglycan is specifically recognized by the host intracellular sensor NOD1, resulting in the generation of innate immune responses. Although epithelial cells are normally refractory to external stimulation with peptidoglycan, these cells have been shown to respond in a NOD1-dependent manner to Gram-negative pathogens that can either invade or secrete factors into host cells. In the present work, we report that Gram-negative bacteria can deliver peptidoglycan to cytosolic NOD1 in host cells via a novel mechanism involving outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). We purified OMVs from the Gram-negative mucosal pathogens: Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorrhoea and demonstrated that these peptidoglycan containing OMVs upregulated NF-[kappa]B and...

Microscopy detection of rectal gonorrhoea in asymptomatic men

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:05:25 +0100

This audit aimed to determine the usefulness of microscopy to detect presumptive rectal gonorrhoea (GC) infection in asymptomatic men. We retrospectively audited more than 400 male patients attending a London genitourinary medicine clinic from January 2005 to March 2007 who tested rectal culture positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and compared this with the microscopy detection rate. In total, 123/423 (29%) of culture positive samples were microscopy positive. Of those that tested microscopy negative (300/423), 64 (21%) were symptomatic and 236 (79%) asymptomatic. In addition, a time and motion study examined 81 rectal slides over a two-week period to identify microscopy reading time required to make a presumptive diagnosis of GC. Three slides were positive, resulting in six hours and 45 mi...

Questioning the value of screening for gonorrhoea in symptomless heterosexual men

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:05:24 +0100

These two papers discuss whether gonorrhoea screening of asymptomatic heterosexual men with no contact history should continue in UK genitourinary medicine clinics. Currently, most clinics routinely test all attenders. This requires an estimated 330,000 tests annually to detect 915 positives (1 in 361). The benefits to these patients are uncertain but the costs are huge and could fund currently unprovided services such as oral contraceptive provision or HIV testing before terminations of pregnancy. However stopping testing would deny individuals the reassurance they seek, prevent early detection of outbreaks and fail to detect carriers who go on to cause morbidity in their partners. On this view, the availability of non-invasive tests should be used to widen screening. (Source: Internation...

Shortening the voiding interval for men having chlamydia nucleic acid amplification tests

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:05:24 +0100

Male patients are assessed for a sexually transmitted infection provided a considerable length of time has elapsed since last micturition. The current availability of highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoea such as APTIMA Combo2 (AC2) led us to investigate the impact of voiding interval on the positivity of urine tests for CT. Male patients attending a genitourinary medicine clinic at high clinical risk for CT infection and known CT positives returning for treatment were included. Two first-void urine (FVU) specimens were collected: the first sample in the standard manner and the second sample was collected 20 minutes later or as soon as possible thereafter. Fifty-two CT-positive males were included in the analysis. ...

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Emotional intimacy predicts condom use: findings in a group at high sexually transmitted disease risk

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:05:24 +0100

In conclusion, these data were opposite to those of previous studies, which showed an inverse relationship between condom use and emotional intimacy. We hypothesize that in a high-risk environment, people exert more effort in protecting those they feel closer to. These data suggest a need to further explore the complex relationship between emotional intimacy and condom use. (Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS)

Mycoplasma genitalium in asymptomatic patients: implications for screening [Clinical]

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 17:01:39 +0100

Conclusion: The positivity rate of M genitalium infection in asymptomatic sexual-health clinic attendees is comparable with that of gonorrhoea or chlamydia, and, if evidence of pathogenicity continues to accumulate, a further assessment of the role of routine screening in this setting would be appropriate. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Mycoplasma genitalium compared to chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomonas as an aetiological agent of urethritis in men attending STD clinics [Clinical]

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 17:01:39 +0100

Conclusion: The association of M genitalium with urethritis in this study provides confirmation of the importance of screening men for M genitalium as a cause of non-gonococcal urethritis and supports treatment considerations for urethritis for agents other than gonococci and chlamydia. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

A case of duplicitous diplococci [Clinical]

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 17:01:39 +0100

We report a case of DGI in a patient with pre-existing SLE that was initially masked by a lupus flare. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Used condoms: a dangerous fetish? [Personal view]

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 17:01:39 +0100

(Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

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Mycoplasma genitalium in asymptomatic patients: implications for screening

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 17:01:39 +0100

Mycoplasma genitalium compared to chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomonas as an aetiological agent of urethritis in men attending STD clinics

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 17:01:39 +0100

A case of duplicitous diplococci

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 17:01:39 +0100

We report a case of DGI in a patient with pre-existing SLE that was initially masked by a lupus flare. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Used condoms: a dangerous fetish?

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 17:01:39 +0100

(Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Associations between migrant status and sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico [Epidemiology]

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 17:01:38 +0100

Conclusions: Unexpectedly, migrant status (vs native-born status) appeared protective for any STI acquisition. It is unclear which social or economic conditions may protect against STI and whether these erode over time in migrants. Additional research is needed to inform our understanding of whether or how geography, variations in health capital, or social network composition and information-sharing attributes can contribute to health protective behaviours in migrant FSW. By capitalising on such mechanisms, efforts to preserve protective health behaviours in migrant FSW will help control STI in the population and may lead to the identification of strategies that are generalisable to other FSW. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

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Associations between migrant status and sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 17:01:38 +0100

Testing for sexually transmitted infections and blood borne viruses on admission to Western Australian prisons

BMC Public Health - Latest articles — Mon, 12 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Prison populations are known to be at high risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood borne viruses (BBVs). In accordance with State health guidelines, the Western Australian Department of Correctional Services' policy is to offer testing for STIs and BBVs to all new prison entrants. This audit was undertaken to assess the completeness and timeliness of STI and BBV testing among recent prison entrants in Western Australia, and estimate the prevalence of STIs and BBVs on admission to prison. Methods: A retrospective audit of prison medical records was conducted among 946 individuals admitted to prison in Western Australia after the 1st January 2005, and discharged between the 1st January and 31st December 2007 inclusive. Quota sampling was used to ensure adequate s...

Sexual risk taking, sexually transmitted infections and HIV prevalence among four "high-risk" occupational groups of Indonesian men [Behaviour]

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 17:01:48 +0100

Conclusions: The results confirm that men in the four occupational groups are reasonable proxies for "high-risk men" for surveillance purposes in Indonesia. Although HIV prevalence was low, the extent of sexual risk taking and the moderately high levels of STI among these men, along with rising HIV rates among FSW, indicate the potential for HIV/AIDS transmission in Indonesia to accelerate. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Epidemiology and clinical presentation of gonorrhoea in England and Wales: findings from the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme 2001-2006 [Clinical]

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 17:01:47 +0100

Conclusion: Gonorrhoea is concentrated within specific groups who are at high risk of repeat infections and concurrent STIs including HIV. Targeted interventions of proved effectiveness are urgently required. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

CKS Topic Review: Gonorrhoea

NeLM - Infectious Diseases — Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Source: CKS Area: Evidence > Guidelines This Topic Minibite covers the management of confirmed gonorrhoea infection in men and women, including admission and referral, treatment, pregnancy and breastfeeding, information and advice, partner notification and follow-up. The target audience is healthcare professionals working within the NHS in England who are providing first-contact or primary health care. (Source: NeLM - Infectious Diseases)

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[Clinical] Epidemiology and clinical presentation of gonorrhoea in England and Wales: findings from the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme 2001-2006

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

[Behaviour] Sexual risk taking, sexually transmitted infections and HIV prevalence among four "high-risk" occupational groups of Indonesian men

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

[Analysis of the patients with syphilis and gonorrhoea, on the basis of the National STD Centre, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Semmelweis University (2005-2008).]

Orvosi Hetilap — Fri, 11 Sep 2009 19:48:31 +0100

We present our statistical data in order to call attention to the renaissance of syphilis and gonorrhoea and the importance of STD co-infections. PMID: 19740721 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Orvosi Hetilap)

Terrence Higgins Trust asks men in Coventry to come to the new MOT (Men Only Testing) Centre

Terrence Higgins Trust — Wed, 09 Sep 2009 16:39:01 +0100

Terrence Higgins Trust (THT) is piloting a new testing service for gay men in Coventry. The charity is calling for men to come to the MOT Centre (Men Only Testing) for a free sexual health screening at its centre on 10 Manor Street. The pilot will take place on Tuesday 15th September between 5.30pm – 8pm.The service aims to provide an alternative testing environment for men in the city who might not be able to access traditional GUM services during the normal working day. THT will offer free and confidential testing for HIV, Hepatitis A and B, syphilis, chlamydia and gonorrhoea. The M.O.T Centre is drop in only, so there’s no need to make an appointment. In the run up to the launch of the MOT Centre, staff and volunteers from THT will be out in force at Rainbows in Coventry donned in o...

Gonococcal peritonitis diagnosed post laparotomy in a 38 year-old woman: a case report

Cases Journal — Tue, 08 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

A 38-year-old South African lady with a background history of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and recent colposcopy presented to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain. Initial investigations were non-diagnostic and despite empirical antibiotic therapy the patient developed peritonism. Post-laprotomy the diagnosis of severe pelvic inflammatory disease and peritonitis secondary to infection with Neisseria gonorrhoea was established. (Source: Cases Journal)

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Increase in reported gonorrhoea cases in Sweden, 2001 - 2008.

Euro Surveill — Sat, 29 Aug 2009 21:40:02 +0100

Authors: Velicko I, Unemo M Gonorrhoea is on the rise in Sweden and in many other European countries. The present report describes and evaluates the gonorrhoea trends in Sweden from 2001 to 2008 when an increase of 32% was reported. Up to 86% of the cases were reported in men, with the highest proportion among heterosexually infected men (41-59% during these years). Heterosexually infected men more often acquired gonorrhoea abroad, especially in Thailand, whereas women and men who have sex with men were more likely to acquire the infection within Sweden. The recent increase in gonorrhoea cases in Sweden is most likely due to adoption of more risky sexual behaviour (e.g. an increase in the number of sexual partners and the number of new/casual sexual partners and/or low use of condoms) ...

Increase in reported gonorrhoea cases in Sweden, 2001 - 2008

Eurosurveillance latest news — Thu, 27 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Gonorrhoea is on the rise in Sweden and in many other European countries. The present report describes and evaluates the gonorrhoea trends in Sweden from 2001 to 2008 when an increase of 32% was reported. Up to 86% of the cases were reported in men, with the highest proportion among heterosexually infected men (41-59% during these years). Heterosexually infected men more often acquired gonorrhoea abroad, especially in Thailand, whereas women and men who have sex with men were more likely to acquire the infection within Sweden. The recent increase in gonorrhoea cases in Sweden is most likely due to adoption of more risky sexual behaviour (e.g. an increase in the number of sexual partners and the number of new/casual sexual partners and/or low use of condoms) in the Swedish population. Furth...

Sexually transmitted infections in tribal populations of central India

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases — Wed, 05 Aug 2009 18:32:24 +0100

Abstract This community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in 17 tribal villages of the Kundam block of the Jabalpur district of India. Individuals with sexually transmitted disease (STD) syndromes were enumerated and the specimens were collected for the laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Trichomoniasis, gonorrhoea, bacterial vaginosis and syphilis sero-reactivity were diagnosed by standard microbiological techniques. Chlamydia infection was detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A definite laboratory diagnosis of STIs could be established in 36.5% individuals. The most common STI in females was trichomoniasis, while in males, gonorrhoea was the most common. The highest proportion of individuals with STIs (39.2%) was in the...

Association of MDMA/ecstasy and other substance use with self-reported sexually transmitted diseases among college-aged adults: A national study

Public Health — Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Alcohol use is a robust correlate of STDs. Irrespective of college-attending status, young women and African Americans have a higher rate of STDs than young men and Whites. (Source: Public Health)

Syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia cases double in a decade

Nursing Times Breaking News — Thu, 30 Jul 2009 13:17:00 +0100

Clinics in Scotland have seen the number of cases of STIs almost double in a decade, official NHS figures show. (Source: Nursing Times Breaking News)

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Gonorrhoea Down 11%, UK

Health News from Medical News Today — Sat, 25 Jul 2009 03:00:00 +0100

The Health Protection Agency has reported an 11% decrease in the total number of new gonorrhoea infections diagnosed in the UK last year from 18,649 infections in 2007 to 16,629 in 2008 - the lowest number of new infections recorded since 1999. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

STI rates rose by 0.5% last year, HPA figures show

Pulse Today Clinical Updates — Fri, 24 Jul 2009 11:23:00 +0100

The number of gonorrhoea and syphilis infections in the UK has fallen, but cases of genital warts and herpes infections are up., the latest figures from the Health Protection Agency show. (Source: Pulse Today Clinical Updates)

Gonorrhoea down as herpes rises

BBC News | Health | UK Edition — Fri, 24 Jul 2009 10:01:25 +0100

The number of gonorrhoea and syphilis infections in the UK falls - but genital warts and herpes are up. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)

Gonorrhoea down 11%

Health Protection Agency — Fri, 24 Jul 2009 09:19:36 +0100

The Health Protection Agency has reported an 11% decrease in the total number of new gonorrhoea infections diagnosed in the UK last year from 18,649 infections in 2007 to 16,629 in 2008 – the lowest number of new infections recorded since 1999. (Source: Health Protection Agency)

Gonorrhoea down 11%

Health Protection Agency — Fri, 24 Jul 2009 09:19:36 +0100

The Health Protection Agency has reported an 11% decrease in the total number of new gonorrhoea infections diagnosed in the UK last year from 18,649 infections in 2007 to 16,629 in 2008 – the lowest number of new infections recorded since 1999. (Source: Health Protection Agency)

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Adequacy of testing, empiric treatment, and referral for adult male emergency department patients with possible chlamydia and/or gonorrhoea urethritis

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Tue, 21 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This study evaluated the adequacy of testing, empiric treatment and referral for further evaluation of adult male emergency department (ED) patients with possible chlamydia and/or gonorrhoea urethritis. Of 968 adult male ED patients, 84% were tested for chlamydia and gonorrhoea, 16% for HIV and 27% for syphilis; 92% received empiric treatment for chlamydia and gonorrhoea and 71% were referred for further evaluation; of those tested, 29% were infected with chlamydia, gonorrhoea or both; and 3% of those tested had a positive syphilis test. The results of logistic regression modelling indicated that testing, treatment and referral were not related to a history of sexual contact with someone known to have a sexually transmitted disease or to the patient's ultimate diagnosis of a laboratory-con...

Screening for asymptomatic chlamydia in women - how often would gonorrhoea be missed?

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Tue, 21 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, additional testing for GC should be considered in local NCSP protocols where there is a high prevalence of both infections. (Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS)

[Editorials] "Someone naughty for tonight": sex partner recruitment venues and associated STI risk

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 21 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

[Clinical] Opting out increases HIV testing in a large sexually transmitted infections outpatient clinic

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 21 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: An opt-out strategy increased the uptake of HIV testing. A sharp increase in testing preceeded a more gradual increase, suggesting time must pass to optimise the new strategy. A small group of visitors, especially MSM, still opt out. Counselling will focus on barriers such as fear and low risk perception among high-risk visitors considering opting out. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

[Clinical] Implications of current recommendations for third-generation cephalosporin use in the WHO Western Pacific Region following the emergence of multiresistant gonococci

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 21 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

To ascertain recommendations for the treatment of gonorrhoea in the WHO Western Pacific Region (WPR) following the emergence of "cephalosporin-resistant" Neisseria gonorrhoeae and to relate these to clinical and laboratory measures directed towards disease and antibiotic resistance control. WHO WPR Gonococcal Antimicrobial Resistance Programme members provided data on the type, dose and source of third-generation cephalosporins recommended for the treatment of gonorrhoea. Ceftriaxone was recommended more widely (11/15 respondents) than cefixime (five centres). No cephalosporins were recommended in three jurisdictions. One other oral (ceftibuten) and injectable (cefodizime) agent was recommended. Uniform (400 mg) doses of cefixime were recommended but ceftriaxone regimens ranged between 125...

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[Epidemiology] Application of cumulative odds logistic model on risk factors analysis for sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan province, China

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 21 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The findings highlight the gravity of the STI epidemic among FSW in China, where sexual transmission has now overtaken unsafe injection practices as the dominant mode of HIV transmission. Targeted intervention programmes for FSW should focus on increasing condom use, strengthening knowledge and awareness of STI/HIV and encouraging routine screening and treatment-seeking behaviours. Reducing the spread of STI also has profound implications for the prevention of HIV. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Terrence Higgins Trust opens a new HIV and sexual health centre in Nottingham

Terrence Higgins Trust — Fri, 17 Jul 2009 12:05:54 +0100

On 30 July sexual health and HIV charity Terrence Higgins Trust (THT) will officially open its new centre in Nottingham. The charity has been based in the city since February 2008 from its old site in Lace Market. THT’s new centre on 23 Barker Gate, which is funded by NHS Nottingham City, NHS Nottinghamshire County, Nottingham City Council and Nottinghamshire County Council will offer a wider range of services to support people living with HIV and help prevent the rising rates of sexual ill-health. New services include a weekly clinic offering rapid HIV testing and screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This free and confidential service will run every Friday from 4-7pm. The HIV test involves taking a finger-prick blood test which is analysed straight away, with the result...

Terrence Higgins Trust Scotland Urges Young Men In Argyll & Bute To Test For Chlamydia And Gonorrhoea

Health News from Medical News Today — Sun, 05 Jul 2009 08:00:00 +0100

A new campaign has just been launched encouraging young men in Argyll & Bute aged 16 - 24 to get tested for chlamydia and gonorrhoea. The scheme, run by Terrence Higgins Trust Scotland and funded by NHS Highland, aims to reduce undiagnosed sexually transmitted infections (STIs) amongst young men because research suggests they are much less likely to get checked out. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Terrence Higgins Trust Scotland urges young men in Argyll & Bute to test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea

Terrence Higgins Trust — Thu, 02 Jul 2009 11:07:33 +0100

A new campaign has just been launched encouraging young men in Argyll & Bute aged 16 – 24 to get tested for chlamydia and gonorrhoea. The scheme, run by Terrence Higgins Trust Scotland and funded by NHS Highland, aims to reduce undiagnosed sexually transmitted infections (STIs) amongst young men because research suggests they are much less likely to get checked out. Chlamydia is the most common STI, affecting around one in ten young people. In most cases it has no symptoms – so you could have chlamydia and not know it. Whilst some people have no symptoms at all others have tell-tale signs which include pain when urinating or during sex, bleeding after sex and pain in the pelvis or lower abdomen. If untreated, chlamydia can cause serious health problems including infertility in men....

2009 European (IUSTI/WHO) Guideline on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gonorrhoea in Adults

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS)

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Sexual health of adults working in pornographic films

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

We report the frequency of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) diagnosed in performers in the adult pornographic film industry. Over a 13 month period, 445 STI screens were performed in 115 patients, 56 women and 59 men. All reported unprotected sex during filming. Seventy-five percent (86) had at least one sexual partner outside work, and 90% used condoms inconsistently with them. Women worked exclusively with women (23%), men only (38%) or both genders (39%). Almost all men (97%) worked exclusively heterosexually. Thirty-eight percent (44/115) were diagnosed with 77 STIs, including non-specific urethritis (51), gonorrhoea (10), chlamydia (6) and genital warts (6). Gonorrhoea was found exclusively at the pharynx in three heterosexual men. There were no cases of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis...

Simple, rapid and inexpensive detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistance mechanisms using heat-denatured isolates and SYBR-green based real-time PCR.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Sun, 14 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we investigated the use of a simple heat-denaturing protocol for isolate DNA preparation combined with SYBR-green based real-time PCR for identifying mutations associated with N. gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance. A total of 109 clinical gonococcal isolates were tested using high resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis for chromosomal mutations associated with gonococcal resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics; penA 345A insertion, ponA L421P, mtrR G45D, porB1b 120 and 121 substitutions and an adenine deletion in the mtrR promoter. An allele-specific PCR assay was also investigated for detection of the adenine deletion in the mtrR promoter. The results were compared to DNA sequencing. Our HRM assays provided accurate discrimination using heat-treated isolates where sequence...

Antimicrobial susceptibility and biochemical patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains in Vejle area, Denmark

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology — Tue, 09 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Ceftriaxone should be used as the first-line treatment of gonorrhoea in Vejle community area, Denmark, both for infections with proA-producing and proA-negative N. gonorrhoeae isolates, which circulate in the region. None declared. (Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology)

Diospyrone, crassiflorone and plumbagin: three antimycobacterial and antigonorrhoeal naphthoquinones from two Diospyros spp.

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents — Mon, 08 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimycobacterial and antigonorrhoeal activities of three naphthoquinones (diospyrone, crassiflorone and plumbagin) from Diospyros canaliculata and Diospyros crassiflora as well as the crude extracts from these plants. The agar disk diffusion assay, broth microdilution method, microplate Alamar blue assay (MABA) and radiometric respiratory technique using the BACTEC 460 TB system were used. Results of the antimycobacterial assays indicated that the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations ranged from 1.22μg/mL to 39.06μg/mL for Mycobacterium smegmatis and all studied Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains for the crude extract from D. crassiflora, diospyrone and crassiflorone. Results of the killing r...

Gonorrhoea drug resistance fears

BBC News | Health | UK Edition — Sun, 07 Jun 2009 23:18:06 +0100

Fears have been raised over strains of drug resistant gonorrhoea that have emerged in England and Wales. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)

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THT launches ‘Fastest’ one-hour HIV testing in central Birmingham

Terrence Higgins Trust — Thu, 04 Jun 2009 15:34:29 +0100

In a bid to reduce levels of undiagnosed HIV in Birmingham, HIV and sexual health charity Terrence Higgins Trust (THT) is launching a new service offering one-hour HIV testing at its joint centre with AB+ on Lower Essex Street. The service, run in partnership with Heart of England NHS Trust, launches on Monday 8th June and will run on Monday evenings from 4.00pm – 7.00pm.The HIV ‘Fastest’ service is free and confidential, and involves taking a finger-prick blood test which is analysed straight away, with the results provided within one hour. All tests will be carried out by NHS staff. Those who attend the clinic will be given information and advice before and after the test, and anyone who tests HIV positive will be fast tracked into a treatment centre. They will also be given inform...

The rate of sexually transmitted infections in ED patients with vaginal bleeding

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine — Mon, 01 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our ED patients with and without vaginal bleeding had comparable rate of STI. (Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine)

Fluoroquinolone resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Shanghai, China: detection of quinolone resistance-determining region mutations.

The Indian Journal of Medical Research — Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Mutations of S91F and D95A/G/N in gyrA combined with S87N in parC was the most prevalent mutation pattern of fluoroquinolone resistant N. gonorrhoeae isolates. This mutation pattern was associated with a high level of quinolone resistance (MIC >16.0 microg/ml) which can serve as a maker for quinolone-resistance prediction in Shanghai, P.R. of China. PMID: 19692753 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Indian Journal of Medical Research)

[Editorials] The challenges of detecting gonorrhoea and chlamydia in rectal and pharyngeal sites: could we, should we, be doing more?

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Thu, 28 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

[Basic science] Evaluation of the new COBAS TaqMan CT test v2.0 and impact on the proportion of new variant Chlamydia trachomatis by the introduction of diagnostics detecting new variant C trachomatis in Orebro county, Sweden

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Thu, 28 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: CTM CT v2.0 is a sensitive and specific method for C trachomatis detection. Studies including larger numbers of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients as well as genital and extragenital samples, and in comparison with other internationally validated and, ideally, US Food and Drug Administration-approved C trachomatis nucleic acid amplification tests are imperative. The proportion of nvCT remains high in Örebro county, Sweden, despite the introduction of genetic diagnostics to detect the mutant. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

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[Epidemiology] STI prevalence and associated factors among urban men in Pakistan

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Thu, 28 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: HIV prevalence in Pakistan remains low, however, the emergence of genital herpes is a matter of concern as it could lead to a future conduit for HIV spread. Health education messages should target less educated segments of society and specifically advocate safe sex practices and early diagnosis. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

[Health services research] Testing commercial sex workers for chlamydia and gonorrhoea on outreach

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Thu, 28 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

To assess the feasibility of testing indoor commercial sex workers (CSW) for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in an outreach setting. All CSW seen on outreach over a 6-week period were offered self-taken vulval swabs for chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing. Feasibility was assessed by all the outreach workers on a standardised proforma. Of the 93 women offered the service, 40 accepted, of whom five (12%) had not previously accessed sexual health services. The majority of women declining the service had recently attended a sexual health clinic. Three cases of chlamydia and one of gonorrhoea were diagnosed. The cost per sexually transmitted infection (STI) was £392.50. Most of this group of women were knowledgeable about sexual health and were already having regular check-u...

Vulnerability to drug-related infections and co-infections among injecting drug users in Budapest, Hungary

The European Journal of Public Health — Thu, 21 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results highlight the need of interventions in Hungary to reach and focus on marginalized (Roma or homeless) IDUs and address not only injecting and sex risk, but also hygienic living and injecting conditions. Furthermore, structural interventions to increase social integration (working or being in treatment) may improve welfare and decrease drug use and infection risk tied to drug use/injection among disadvantaged, marginalized, mostly minority populations. (Source: The European Journal of Public Health)

To what extent does Neisseria gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing of gonococcal isolates support information derived from patient interviews?

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Mon, 18 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Gonococcal isolates from genitourinary (GU) medicine clinic attendees in Glasgow, Scotland were typed using Neisseria gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST). Correlation between named partners (contacts) and NG-MAST type was sought and associations between specific NG-MAST types, and the social, epidemiological and geographical data were explored. We found NG-MAST typing to be a supportive and confirmatory tool for contact tracing. Specific NG-MAST types were found to be associated with distinct characteristics such as sexuality or chlamydial co-infection. An increased number of gonococcal infections were reported from those resident in deprived areas of Glasgow than from those resident in more affluent areas. However, there was no clear geographic clustering of specific NG-MAS...

Evaluation of six nucleic acid amplification tests used for diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Russia compared with an international strictly validated real-time porA pseudogene polymerase chain reaction

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology — Mon, 18 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Russian N. gonorrhoeae diagnostic NAATs comprise relatively good performance characteristics. However, larger studies are crucial and, beneficially, the Russian assays should also be evaluated to other international highly sensitive and specific, and ideally Food and Drug Administration approved, NAATs such as Aptima Combo 2 (Gen-Probe). None declared. (Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology)

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Two cases of failed ceftriaxone treatment in pharyngeal gonorrhoea verified by molecular microbiological methods.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tapsall J, Read P, Carmody C, Bourne C, Ray S, Limnios A, Sloots T, Whiley D Diagnostic, genotypic and antibiotic-resistance determinants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were analysed by molecular methods to verify the failure of ceftriaxone treatment in two cases of pharyngeal gonorrhoea. Monoplex assays were needed to define competitive inhibition of a positive Chlamydia PCR in a duplex assay. Different penA changes were detected in the N. gonorrhoeae isolated from the two cases. These were associated with raised ceftriaxone MICs of 0.03 and 0.016 mg l(-1), which may have contributed to the treatment failures in these cases. PMID: 19369534 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology)

[Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual contamination with human immunodeficiency virus in the French Forces in 2006]

Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie — Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100

DISCUSSION: STD and HIV seroconversion remain a subject of concern for the French Medical Forces despite low rates of incidence. PMID: 19442796 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie)

Diagnosis, management and prevalence estimation of gonorrhoea: influences of Aptima Combo 2 assay with alternative target confirmation

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Wed, 22 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Case-notes and laboratory data were retrospectively reviewed for influences of dual testing by Aptima Combo 2 (AC2) for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) on the diagnosis, management and prevalence estimation of gonorrhoea in the genitourinary (GU) medicine clinic and community. NG positives by AC2 were confirmed by Aptima Gonococcus assay. Unconfirmed positives were rare. Our study showed that in the GU medicine clinic, AC2 detected about 20% extra cases of NG beyond culture. For best standard of care, NG culture and microscopy are still required in some patients to ensure that treatment is rapid and appropriate. Compared to self-referral at the GU medicine clinic, community tests made a substantial contribution to the overall number of NG cases found (40 community...

Concordance between nucleic acid amplification technique and culture for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Wed, 22 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, there was concordance in 84% of male and 67% of female samples. In two-thirds of the discrepant cases, the previously positive NAAT had become negative prior to treatment. This study highlights the importance of consideration of the clinical picture when assessing results. (Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS)

[Research reports] No increase in HIV or sexually transmissible infection testing following a social marketing campaign among men who have sex with men

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Tue, 14 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Based on a range of indicators there was no evidence that the campaign increased HIV/STI testing. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating public health campaigns to assess their impact to ensure that they are modified if no impact is identified. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

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Highly effective contraception and acquisition of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology — Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

A key question for clinicians is whether an aetiological association exists between highly effective contraceptive methods and women's risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature for prospective studies published from January 1966 to August 2008 that assessed contraception and STI/HIV risk. The focus was on combined oral contraceptives (OCs), depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), the T380a copper intra-uterine device (IUD) and the risk of infection with HIV, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Current data suggest that neither OCs nor DMPA increase HIV risk among women in the general population. Data are equivocal for women in high-risk groups (e.g. sex workers). C...

Suboptimal therapy and clinical management of gonorrhoea in an area with high-level antimicrobial resistance

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Fri, 20 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, It is crucial to develop treatment guidelines according to regional antimicrobial resistances and educational programmes to improve clinical care for genital gonococcal diseases. (Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS)

Predictors for casual sex and/or infection among sexually transmitted disease clinic attendees in China

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Fri, 20 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

To assess the risk factors for casual sex and infections among the sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attendees in two disparate Chinese cities, an STD clinic-based cross-sectional study was conducted to provide demographic and sexual behaviour information. Participants were recruited from nine STD clinics selected by mapping strategy. STD prevalence was 69.4% (68.6% of men and 65.2% of women). The most common diagnoses were non-gonococcal urethritis (22.2%), genital warts (13.2%), syphilis (11.6%), gonorrhoea (8.4%), chlamydia (6.3%) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (5.8%). Of 536 participants, 22.5% reported having casual sex in the last three months, younger age, less education, unawareness of transmission routes and having had casual sex in the last three months were inde...

The epidemiology of gonorrhoea in Norway, 1993-2007: past victories, future challenges

BMC Infectious Diseases — Thu, 19 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The overall incidence of gonorrhoea in Norway remains low, but the increasing number of MSM cases calls for new, more effective approaches to prevention. Infections originating from abroad represent a constant risk of importing antimicrobial resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Due to the prevalence of quinolone resistant N. gonorrhoeae in Norway, third-generation cephalosporins should replace quinolones as the first choice in treatment guidelines. We advocate antimicrobial susceptibility testing for all cases and recommend taking samples for culture from all exposed anatomical sites. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

Inadequacy Of Current Guidelines For Sexually Transmitted Infections

Women's Health / OBGYN News From Medical News Today — Wed, 11 Mar 2009 14:00:00 +0100

Adolescent girls reveal alarmingly high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) which remain largely undetected by recommended screening guidelines. A study in Brazil, reported in the open access journal BMC Medicine, has shown that the syndromic approaches for screening and treating chlamydia and gonorrhoea are woefully inadequate. Maria de FÃ¡tima C. (Source: Women's Health / OBGYN News From Medical News Today)

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Identifying opportunities for sexually transmitted infection prevention: analysis of critical points in the care pathways of patients with gonorrhoea

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Mon, 02 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100

We applied the principles of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) to systematically analyse the care pathway of patients diagnosed with gonorrhoea to identify potential intervention opportunities for preventive action. Data were collected on individuals with culture-positive gonococcal infection during 27 February 2003 to 08 January 2004. Qualitative data were gathered within individual semi-structured interviews. Two hundred and twenty-three gonorrhoea patient episodes were evaluated. The median interval between presentation and treatment was significantly longer in females and men having sex with men (MSM), compared with heterosexual men (P = 0.002). Females were significantly more likely to be in regular relationships at the timepoint of perceived infection acquisition th...

Chlamydia trachomatis infection: the efficacy and safety of a fast-track referral and treatment system

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Mon, 02 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100

We introduced a Nurse/Health Advisor-led fast-track service for treating patients diagnosed with chlamydia outside a genitourinary medicine setting and contacts of chlamydia/non-specific urethritis/cervicitis wherever diagnosed. Asymptomatic patients were treated without initial testing and asked to return for full screening at four to six weeks. We assessed the efficacy and safety of the system and need for follow-up after treatment. Case-notes of 226 patients (121 men and 105 women) were analysed, of whom 140 attended follow-up. With the exception of one case of gonorrhoea, no other serious sexually transmitted infection was detected. Twenty-seven (19.2%) patients were re-treated for either chlamydia (six patients, 4.4%) or non-specific genital infection or because of having unprotected ...

Drug-resistant gonorrhoea on the rise

New Scientist - Health — Sun, 01 Mar 2009 12:00:00 +0100

The sexually transmitted disease, which can lead to infertility in men and women, is treatable with antibiotics, but resistance is spreading around the globe (Source: New Scientist - Health)

Association of public versus private health care utilization and prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Thu, 19 Feb 2009 09:48:12 +0100

Conclusions The prevalence of Trichomonas spp. was low and stable in both populations in the 4 years, indicating an equilibrium in terms of numbers of this agent in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. The results corroborate the hypothesis that SES may influence the epidemiology of trichomoniasis. The prevalence of the infection increases with age, a phenomenon not observed with other sexually transmitted infections, such as gonorrhoea or Chlamydia trachomatis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00404-009-0971-xAuthors A. Storti-Filho, Souza Laboratory of Pathology Maringá Paraná BrazilP. C. Souza, Souza Laboratory of Pathology Maringá Paraná BrazilF. Chassot, State University of Maringá Division of Clinical Cytology, Clinical Analyses Depa...

Antony Cotton and THT say get it on this Valentine’s Day

Terrence Higgins Trust — Mon, 09 Feb 2009 13:18:20 +0100

As rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections increase actor Antony Cotton has teamed up with Terrence Higgins Trust to encourage gay men to use condoms this Valentine’s Day.In 2007, over three thousand gay men were newly diagnosed with HIV and over 32,000 were living with the condition. The Health Protection Agency estimates that up to 10,000 gay men in the UK have HIV but remain undiagnosed. Gay men are also disproportionately affected by other sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhoea and syphilis. Antony said “I am still shocked and saddened when I hear how many gay men are diagnosed with HIV each year. It makes safer sex more important than ever. Relying on your partner to tell you they have HIV is a risky strategy as thousands of men don’t know they have it....

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Highly effective contraception and acquisition of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology — Mon, 09 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Morrison CS, Turner AN, Jones LB A key question for clinicians is whether an aetiological association exists between highly effective contraceptive methods and women's risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature for prospective studies published from January 1966 to August 2008 that assessed contraception and STI/HIV risk. The focus was on combined oral contraceptives (OCs), depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), the T380a copper intra-uterine device (IUD) and the risk of infection with HIV, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Current data suggest that neither OCs nor DMPA increase HIV risk among women in the general population. Data are equivocal for w...

Risk profile of walk-in triage compared with an appointment-based phone-triage evening clinic.

Herpes — Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jongeling S, Chen MY, Bush MR, Bradshaw CS, Fairley CK The aim of this study is to compare risk factors in new clients attending the walk-in triage-based day clinic (WITS) to those attending a telephone-triage appointment-based evening clinic of a sexual health service. The method involves an audit of computerized medical records of new clients attending between July 2002 and December 2007. There were 37,833 new clients of which 37,223 (98.4%) attended WITS and 610 (1.6%) attended the evening clinic. WITS clients were significantly older (31% vs. 30%, P < 0.041), more likely to be male (58% vs. 43%, P < 0.001), sex workers (6% vs. 3%, P < 0.001), not employed (34% vs. 10%, P < 0.001), diagnosed with gonorrhoea (1.7% vs. 0.7%, P < 0.041), herpes (4% vs. 2%, P <...

Risk profile of walk-in triage compared with an appointment-based phone-triage evening clinic

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Fri, 30 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

The aim of this study is to compare risk factors in new clients attending the walk-in triage-based day clinic (WITS) to those attending a telephone-triage appointment-based evening clinic of a sexual health service. The method involves an audit of computerized medical records of new clients attending between July 2002 and December 2007. There were 37,833 new clients of which 37,223 (98.4%) attended WITS and 610 (1.6%) attended the evening clinic. WITS clients were significantly older (31% vs. 30%, P < 0.041), more likely to be male (58% vs. 43%, P < 0.001), sex workers (6% vs. 3%, P < 0.001), not employed (34% vs. 10%, P < 0.001), diagnosed with gonorrhoea (1.7% vs. 0.7%, P < 0.041), herpes (4% vs. 2%, P < 0.000), non-specific urethritis (6% vs. 2%, P < 0.000) and less...

Confirmed new HIV diagnoses in men who have sex with men after episodes of rectal gonorrhoea

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Fri, 30 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS)

Reproductive tract infections in women seeking abortion in Vietnam

BMC Women's Health - Latest articles — Thu, 29 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: RTIs are common among women seeking abortion. The presence of RTIs is associated with an increased risk of developing iatrogenic infections, routine administration of prophylactic antibiotic to all women undergoing abortion should be considered. However, the choice of routine prophylactic antibiotics should be based on relevant surveillance data of antibiotic resistance. Moreover, since the accuracy of diagnosis is doubtful and to address the problem of under-diagnosed and treated RTIs new investment in diagnostic facilities with simple performed microscopy or improved rapid tests should also be taken into consideration. (Source: BMC Women's Health - Latest articles)

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Garcinia mangostana L.: a phytochemical and pharmacological review

Phytotherapy Research — Tue, 27 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen, Clusiaceae) has a long history of use as a medical plant, mostly in Southeast Asia. This is a review of the phytochemistry and pharmacology of mangosteen. Traditionally mangosteen is famous for its antiinflammatory properties and is used in the treatment of skin infections and wounds. Other applications include the therapy of various conditions such as dysentery, different urinary disorders, cystitis and gonorrhoea. This review highlights the development of this botanical drug into a widely used nutraceutical. Products derived from G. mangostana are now distributed increasingly all over the world. This has given rise to a concomitant increase in research on the phytochemical constituents and biological activity of mangosteen. Central to the biological ac...

[Epidemiology] Indicators for sexual HIV transmission risk among people in Thailand attending HIV care: the importance of positive prevention

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Thu, 22 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Indicators for HIV transmission risk were common among people attending HIV care in Bangkok. Efforts need to be strengthened to reduce unsafe casual and commercial sex and to increase HIV disclosure from men to their partners. A strategy for STI screening and treatment for people with HIV in Thailand should be developed. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

[Epidemiology] Heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of bacterial sexually transmitted infections

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Thu, 22 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The findings establish the high degree of geographical heterogeneity in STI incidence in NSW and indicate that the postal area of residence is an important predictor of STI incidence. Geographical surveillance could be incorporated into routine STI surveillance to identify populations in need of intervention. The evidence presented in this report indicates a need to implement geography-specific and phase-appropriate STI prevention and control strategies. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

[Epidemiology] The burden and determinants of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in a population-based sample of female sex workers in Goa, India

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Thu, 22 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Sex workers working in medium prevalence states of India are highly vulnerable to HIV and STI and need to be rapidly incorporated into existing interventions. Structural and gender-based determinants of HIV and STI are integral to HIV prevention strategies. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

A trial of the validity of genital smears and cultures with gonococcal vaccine provocation in diagnosing genital gonorrhoea in women

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Mon, 22 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

In Russia the diagnosis of gonorrhoea in women relied on microscopy, justified by the hypothesis that sensitivity increases using ‘provocation’ techniques. The aim was to test the value of Gonovaccine as provocation in women who would have received it normally. Cervical specimens from 204 women were tested by culture and a ligase chain reaction (LCR) assay before the women were randomized to receive provocation or not. Further cervical specimens were obtained 24, 48 and 72 hours later for microscopy, culture and LCR tests. In both provocation and non-provocation arms, 24 women were positive for gonorrhoea by the LCR assay. Test-by-test, sensitivity of microscopy was 30% in the provocation arm and 13% in the control arm (P = 0.0407, Fisher's exact test). Patient-by-patient, sens...

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Tobacco use and susceptibility to bacterial infection

Tobacco Induced Diseases — Thu, 18 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Active smokers and those exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk of bacterial infection. A review of the recent evidence reveals that tobacco smoke increases susceptibility to respiratory tract infections, including tuberculosis, pneumonia and Legionnaires disease; bacterial vaginosis and sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea; Helicobacter pylori infection; periodontitis; meningitis; otitis media; and nosocomial infections. Further epidemiological and mechanistic research into this important area is warranted. (Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases)

Inexperienced prostitutes most at risk of sexual infections

Huliq Health News — Fri, 12 Dec 2008 21:29:04 +0100

Less experienced prostitutes are more likely to have sexually transmitted infections (STIs). A study of more than a thousand female sex workers in Cambodia, reported in the open access journal BMC Infectious Diseases, has shown that girls who were new to the sex industry were twice as likely to have gonorrhoea or chlamydia. (Source: Huliq Health News)

Inexperienced Prostitutes Most At Risk Of Sexual Infections

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 12 Dec 2008 13:00:00 +0100

Sustained high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Cambodia: high turnover seriously challenges the 100% condom use programme

BioMed Central — Fri, 12 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: New FSWs were found to have substantially higher prevalence than those with longer experience. The percent of FSWs who used condoms consistently was high with clients but remained low with non-paying sex partners. Because of the high turnover of FSWs, the prevention needs of new FSWs should be ascertained and addressed. Despite 100% CUP implementation, the prevalence of STIs among FSWs was the same in 2005 as it was in 2001. Limited coverage and weak implementation capacity of the programme along with questionable quality of the STI services are likely to have contributed to the sustained high prevalence. The programme should be carefully reviewed in terms of intensity, quality and coverage. (Source: BioMed Central)

[Editorial] Do all patients wanting a sexually transmitted infection screen need to be seen within 48 hours?

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Wed, 03 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

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[Editorial] Do all patients wanting a sexually transmitted infection screen need to be seen within 48 hours?

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Wed, 03 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Correlates and prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among Hijras (male transgenders) in Pakistan

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Tue, 02 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

This study explored the role of Hijras (male transgenders) as a core group in Pakistan's HIV epidemic. Four hundred and nine Hijras underwent detailed behavioural and biological assessment. Our subjects were young (median age: 24 years), debuted sex early and used alcohol and drugs. Sex with men, women and other Hijras along with co-habitation/marriage were reported. Most (84%) had sold sex. These reported a median of four times and at least one regular client weekly. Few used condoms. Most (94%) could identify a condom, but 42% reported never needing one. Over two-thirds had correct HIV and protective knowledge. Many reported experiencing physical abuse or forced sex (40%) and sexual orientation-related discrimination (45%). Most (58%) had sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and 38% ha...

Genital tract infections among HIV-infected pregnant women in Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Tue, 02 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and factors associated with genital tract infections among HIV-infected pregnant women from African sites. Participants were recruited from Blantyre and Lilongwe, Malawi; Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; and Lusaka, Zambia. Genital tract infections were assessed at baseline. Of 2627 eligible women enrolled, 2292 were HIV-infected. Of these, 47.8% had bacterial vaginosis (BV), 22.4% had vaginal candidiasis, 18.8% had trichomoniasis, 8.5% had genital warts, 2.6% had chlamydia infection, 2.2% had genital ulcers and 1.7% had gonorrhoea. The main factors associated with genital tract infections included genital warts (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7), genital ulcers (AOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–5.1) and abnormal vaginal discharge (AO...

Audit on the success of partner notification for sexually transmitted infections in the West Midlands

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Tue, 02 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

The aim of this study is to investigate the success of partner notification (PN) among 13 genitourinary medicine centres in West Midlands. The West Midlands Audit Group conducted a regional audit between June and August 2007. Information on screening and management of patients with chlamydia, gonorrhoea, early syphilis and HIV were collected separately. Participating centres were asked to provide PN details for 10 index patients with each of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, early syphilis and HIV infections. For each index patient with chlamydia or gonorrhoea, 0.54 and 0.44 partners were screened, respectively. Among partners of patients with syphilis and HIV, 24% and 35% were screened, respectively. Only 9% of 311 screened partners were involved in casual partnerships with index patients. Acquisiti...

An assessment of the effectiveness of the Tiwi Sexual Health Program 2002-2005.

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health — Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion and implications: The Tiwi Sexual Health Program was accompanied by a significant reduction in STI rates between 2002 and 2005. This model of a comprehensive sexual health program with a dedicated co-ordinator located within a Primary Health Care service can be recommended as an effective approach to address high rates of STIs in remote Indigenous community settings. PMID: 19076748 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health)

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Cervical cancer risk factors and predictors of cervical dysplasia among women in south-west Nigeria.

The Australian Journal of Rural Health — Thu, 27 Nov 2008 17:50:40 +0100

Conclusions: Acceptable screening services and cervical cancer awareness campaigns that address modifiable risk factors are urgently needed in this community. PMID: 19032205 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Australian Journal of Rural Health)

[Editorials] Hidden yet happening: the epidemics of sexually transmitted infections and HIV among men who have sex with men in developing countries

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Fri, 21 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

[Original articles] Risk factors for the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men infected with HIV in Lima, Peru

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Fri, 21 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: MSM with HIV in Peru engaged in high-risk behaviours for spreading HIV and STIs. Knowledge of whether someone was infected with HIV was not associated with a decreased frequency of UAI. Additional efforts to reduce risk behaviour after the diagnosis of HIV infection are necessary. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

[Original articles] Self-reported syphilis and gonorrhoea testing among men who have sex with men: national HIV behavioural surveillance system, 2003-5

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Fri, 21 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Syphilis and gonorrhoea testing among MSM was low, despite specific testing recommendations in the STD treatment guidelines. To increase STD testing among MSM, healthcare providers should assess the risks of STD for male patients through routine enquiries about sexual activity. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

[Original articles] HIV is hyperendemic among men who have sex with men in San Francisco: 10-year trends in HIV incidence, HIV prevalence, sexually transmitted infections and sexual risk behaviour

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Fri, 21 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Temporal trends in multiple biological and behavioural indicators over the past decade describe a hyperendemic state of HIV infection among MSM in San Francisco, whereby prevalence has stabilised at a very high level. In the absence of new, effective prevention strategies this state will persist. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

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Cervical cancer risk factors and predictors of cervical dysplasia among women in south-west Nigeria

Australian Journal of Rural Health — Tue, 11 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Acceptable screening services and cervical cancer awareness campaigns that address modifiable risk factors are urgently needed in this community. (Source: Australian Journal of Rural Health)

Prevalence and risk factors of the whole spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases in male incoming prisoners in France

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases — Sun, 09 Nov 2008 09:58:03 +0100

Abstract Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are a public health issue in prison. As inmates are eventually released, it is also a community concern. There are very few data on the entire spectrum of STDs, particularly condyloma among prisoners. To determine the prevalence of all STDs: infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, syphilis, and condyloma among entering inmates. A cross-sectional study was conducted in France from November 2000 to June 2003. Male adults entering a prison remand center in Caen had a medical consultation and physical examination including external genital organs and perianal area for condyloma and herpes infection, a ...

A Metapopulation Modelling Framework For Gonorrhoea And Other Sexually Transmitted Infections In Heterosexual Populations

Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses News From Medical News Today — Wed, 05 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100

Mathematical models can be used to give us insights into the transmission of infectious diseases. In this work, we describe a mathematical model for sexually transmitted infections, where modelled individuals are grouped into several subpopulations, which together form a "metapopulation". (Source: Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses News From Medical News Today)

Chlamydia trachomatis serovar distribution and other concurrent sexually transmitted infections in heterosexual men with urethritis in Italy

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases — Wed, 29 Oct 2008 07:05:54 +0100

Abstract The distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis serovars among 157 heterosexual male patients with urethritis and the presence of coinfections with other sexually transmitted infections were studied. One hundred seventeen (74.5%) patients, with a mean age of 33.7 years, were Italians, whereas 40 (25.5%) were immigrants coming from eastern European countries, Africa, and South America. All the immigrants and 82 (70.0%) Italian patients reported sex with prostitutes. Out of 157 patients, 73 (46.5%) were found positive for C. trachomatis in urethral secretions and eight different C. trachomatis serovars were identified. The most common serovars were E (n = 18; 24.7%), D (n = 15; 20.5%), G (n = 14;19.2%), and F (n = 12; 16.4%). The sequencing data showed a...

The Effect of Genital Tract Infections on HIV-1 Shedding in the Genital Tract: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases — Fri, 24 Oct 2008 11:01:58 +0100

This meta-analysis found that HIV-1 shedding in the genital tract was significantly increased in the presence of urethritis, cervicitis, cervical discharge, gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection, and vulvovaginal candidiasis.Page: 946DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181812d15Authors: Johnson, Leigh F. AIA *; Lewis, David A. PhD, FRCP(UK) +++[S] (Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases)

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Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections on the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands: results of a comprehensive control program.

Med J Aust — Mon, 20 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in STI prevalence asssociated with the program was maintained until 2006 for chlamydial infection and syphilis, but not for gonorrhoea, which rose in prevalence after 2003. There was no change in antimicrobial resistance to explain this rise, and gonorrhoea transmission dynamics and travel of core transmitters to regions without STI control programs might be responsible. PMID: 18928437 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Med J Aust)

Sexually transmitted infections among brothel-based sex workers in Tel-Aviv area, Israel: high prevalence of pharyngeal gonorrhoea

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Mon, 29 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Sex workers play a major role in spreading sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We studied the prevalence rates and risk factors for STIs among 300 brothel-based sex workers in Tel-Aviv. Throat swabs were cultured for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, urine samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Chlamydia trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae, and sera were tested for syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibodies. N. gonorrhoeae was cultured from throat samples of 9.0% of participants; PCR testing of urine was positive for C. trachomatis in 6.3% and for N. gonorrhoeae in 5.0%. Syphilis serology was positive (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory [VDRL] titres >1:8) in 1.3% of women, HSV-2-specific immunoglobulin G was detected in 60% a...

Focus-on-Teens, sexual risk-reduction intervention for high-school adolescents: impact on knowledge, change of risk-behaviours, and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Mon, 29 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

A community-based intervention, Focus-on-Kids (FOK) has demonstrated risk-behaviour reduction of urban youth. We modified FOK to Focus-on-Teens (FOT) for high schools. High school adolescents (n = 1190) were enrolled over successive school semesters. The small-group sessions were presented during the school-lunch hours. Confidential surveys were conducted at baseline, immediate, six-, and 12-month postintervention for demographics, parental communication/monitoring, sexual risk behaviours and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)/HIV/condom-usage knowledge. Sexually active participants were encouraged to volunteer for urine-based STDs testing at the School-Based Health Centres. Many (47.4%) students reported having had sexual intercourse at baseline. Overall behaviours changed towards &lsqu...

[Clinical] Escalation in the relative prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant gonorrhoea among men with urethral discharge in two South African cities: association with HIV seropositivity

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Johannesburg and Cape Town have witnessed significant rises in the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant gonorrhoea among men with urethritis. The resistant phenotype is linked to HIV seropositivity. There is now an urgent need to change national first-line therapy for presumptive gonococcal infections within South Africa. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

[Epidemiology] The burden of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections among men in Carletonville, South Africa: implications for syndromic management

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The uptake of both STI and HIV testing was high among men attending the service. The relatively high burden of both STI and HIV among the male clinic attendees has implications for the transmission of HIV. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

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Children catch gonorrhoea

Scotsman.com News - Health — Tue, 09 Sep 2008 00:00:00 +0100

HUNDREDS of children under 16 contracted sexually transmitted diseases in Scotland last year, according to figures from the Scottish Government. (Source: Scotsman.com News - Health)

Evidence-based or evidence-biased?

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine — Fri, 05 Sep 2008 18:40:19 +0100

Dr. Goodyear-Smith’s article entitled “What is the evidence for non-sexual transmission of gonorrhoea in children after the neonatal period? A systematic review” is an interesting historical treatise, but she provides neither evidence nor a systematic review. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. In the diagnosis of a condition, best research evidence is defined as clinically relevant research involving accuracy and precision of diagnostic tests (in this case, regarding diagnosis of non-sexual transmission of gonorrhea). A systematic review is “a summary of the medical literature that uses explicit methods to systematically search, critically appraise, and synthesize the world literature on a specific ...

A response to ‘Evidence-based or evidence-biased?’

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine — Fri, 05 Sep 2008 18:40:19 +0100

Kellogg and Anderst describe my systematic review as “one person’s speculative journey into her belief that non-sexual transmission is not rare”. This is a straw man argument. Fortunately gonococcal infection in prepubertal children is a rare event, by whichever means it has been acquired. In her 2005 update of the 1991 and 1992 “Guidelines for the evaluation of sexual abuse of children” Kellogg writes that a positive culture for N gonorrhoea makes’the diagnosis of sexual abuse a near medical certainty even in the absence of a positive history”. Kellogg advises that a positive finding of gonorrhoeal infection in children should be considered diagnostic of sexual abuse. Prior to conducting this review, I accepted her advice. However, my review demonstrates that while gonococca...

The prevalence of other sexually transmitted infections in confirmed HIV cases at a referral clinic in Jamaica

The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health — Thu, 28 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100

This study was conducted at the Comprehensive Health Centre in Jamaica, a sexually transmitted infection referral centre. The sample comprised 138 men and 132 women age 15—49 years, of average 29.5 years. The study was retrospective, from 2000 to 2002, and sample collection was randomized. The sexual behaviours of the subjects were assessed from the case records. In the 270 HIV diagnosed cases examined, the prevalence of STIs was 51.1% in men and 48.9% in women, with 85.4% having one or more STIs with an average of four STIs per patient. There was a total occurrence of 744 STIs with non-gonococcal urethritis (19.4%), gonorrhoea (17.2%), candidiasis (13.4%), trichomonas (12.4%), genital ulcer (10.4%) and syphilis (7.3%) the most common in HIV infected men and women. The presence of ST...

Measuring the gap: from Home Office to the National Health Service in the provision of a one-stop shop sexual health service in a female prison in the UK

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Mon, 25 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100

The Genitourinary (GU) Medicine Service was transferred from the Home Office to the NHS from April 2006 at this female prison to give prisoners access to the same quality of health care as the general public. Medline search showed no published data on the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female prisoners in the UK. The main aim was to develop a one stop sexual health shop and to determine the prevalence and risk factors for STIs, to determine the uptake rate for HIV testing, hepatitis B vaccination and cervical cytology along with requests for usage of contraceptive services. Challenges were met when introducing change to bring the services in line with the local GU medicine clinic. Review of the service at one year along with retrospective case note review from M...

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Black and minority ethnic men who have sex with men: a London genitourinary medicine clinic experience

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Mon, 25 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100

The aim was to examine sexual behaviour and rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in black and minority ethnic (BME) men who have sex with men (MSM) attending a London genitourinary medicine clinic. A case-note review of BME MSM (n = 203) attending our service between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 was carried out. BME MSM were those who self-identified as being of Black (Caribbean, African or Other), South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi or Sri Lankan) and Chinese/South-East Asian (Malaysian, Thai, Filipino, Japanese) ethnicities. Consecutively attending self-identified white British (WB) MSM (n = 203) were used as a comparative group. BME MSM were significantly more likely to report unprotected anal intercourse with casual male partners in the preceding three months (P = ...

Eastside Sexual Health Service holds open day to launch new testing clinic

Terrence Higgins Trust — Tue, 12 Aug 2008 10:56:24 +0100

On Wednesday 13 August, Terrence Higgins Trust, Old Ford Housing Association and Eastside Youth Centre are holding a sexual health open day for under 25s from 12- 7.30p.m at the Youth Centre in Parnell Road. The open day is to mark the launch of a regular testing clinic which will run on Mondays and Wednesdays. Staff will be offering sexual health information and advice to young people during the open day and the testing clinic will be open for those who want to use it. There will also be food and drink, entertainment and activities run by youth workers. Eastside Sexual Health Service for young people is provided with Tower Hamlets Primary Care Trust and offers advice, information and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) testing for under 25s. The regular clinic will run from 6-8pm on Mo...

Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Zagreb, Croatia

AIDS and Behavior — Sat, 09 Aug 2008 12:40:51 +0100

Abstract We used respondent-driven sampling among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Zagreb, Croatia in 2006 to investigate the prevalence of HIV, other sexually transmitted infections and sexual behaviours. We recruited 360 MSM. HIV infection was diagnosed in 4.5%. The seroprevalence of antibodies to viral pathogens was: herpes simplex virus type-2, 9.4%; hepatitis A, 14.2%; hepatitis C, 3.0%. Eighty percent of participants were susceptible to HBV infection (HBs antigen negative, and no antibodies to HBs and HBc antigen). Syphilis seroprevalence was 10.6%. Prevalence of Chlamydia and gonorrhoea was 9.0%, and 13.2%, respectively. Results indicate the need for interventions to diagnose, treat and prevent sexually transmitted infections among this population. Content Type ...

The case for social marketing in gonorrhoea prevention: insights from sexual lifestyles in Glasgow genitourinary medicine clinic attendees

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Mon, 28 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

We conducted a matched case-control study to investigate social factors associated with gonorrhoea acquisition among genitourinary (GU) medicine clinic attendees, designed to inform appropriate prevention strategies. Detailed social and behavioural data were elicited using a self-completed questionnaire. The effect sizes of these characteristics were quantified using univariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression in 53 cases and 106 matched controls. Homo–bisexual orientation was the strongest independent predictor of gonorrhoea acquisition (Adjusted odds ratio 31.1 (95% confidence intervals, 3.09–312.92). Other independent predictors were not currently being in a relationship and concordant residential characteristics. Three principal implications for sexual heal...

[Clinical] The detection of urethritis pathogens among patients with the male urethritis syndrome, genital ulcer syndrome and HIV voluntary counselling and testing clients: should South Africa's syndromic management approach be revised?

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 22 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Urethritis pathogens, including Trichomonas vaginalis, should be covered in syndromic management treatment of genital ulcers in the absence of clinical urethritis. Consideration should be given to adding metronidazole to existing MUS treatment. Ciprofloxacin can no longer be relied upon to treat presumptive gonococcal infections in South Africa. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

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[Basic science] National surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 2005-2006 and recommendations of first-line antimicrobial drugs for gonorrhoea treatment in Russia

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 22 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In Russia, penicillins, ciprofloxacin, or tetracycline should definitively not be used in the empirical treatment of gonorrhoea. The recommended first-line antimicrobial drug should be ceftriaxone. If ceftriaxone is not available, spectinomycin ought to be used. Increasing levels of intermediate susceptibility and resistance to spectinomycin have, however, been observed during recent years and, accordingly, great care and monitoring should be undertaken when using this agent. Continuous local, national and international surveillance of N gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility, in order to reveal the emergence of new resistance, to monitor changing patterns of susceptibility and to be able to update treatment recommendations on a regular basis, is crucial. (Source: Sexually T...

[Epidemiology] Trends in sexually transmitted infections (other than HIV) in older people: analysis of data from an enhanced surveillance system

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 22 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study provides evidence of significant increases in attendance at GUM clinics by older people. Although it is recognised that young people should remain the focus of sexual health programmes, the results indicate that sexual risk-taking behaviour is not confined to young people but also occurs among older people. There is therefore a need to develop and implement evidence-based multifaceted sexual health programmes that while aiming to reduce STI transmission among all age groups should include interventions aimed specifically at older people and address societal and healthcare attitudes, myths and assumptions about sexual activity among older people. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

[Behaviour] Relations between sexually transmitted infection diagnosis and sexual compulsivity in a community-based sample of men who have sex with men

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Tue, 22 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The SCS may be useful as a supplemental instrument in public health programmes and healthcare settings that encourage men to assess their sexual behaviours and make decisions to pursue STI or HIV screening. For those already diagnosed with an STI, the SCS may help providers to identify the cognitive and affective components of sexual behaviours that increase the likelihood that an STI will be transmitted to a sexual partner. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Methods For The Prevention Of STIs Reviewed

Sexual Health / STDs News From Medical News Today — Wed, 16 Jul 2008 08:00:00 +0100

New research commissioned by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment (NIHR HTA) programme is looking at behavioural approaches for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in young people. Rates of STIs have doubled in the UK during the last decade, with over 1 million young people being diagnosed a year. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea and genital warts are among the most commonly diagnosed STIs. (Source: Sexual Health / STDs News From Medical News Today)

Genital piercing in association with gonorrhoea, chlamydia and warts

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Mon, 23 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100

A 26-year-old heterosexual man presented with urethral discharge and penile oedema, two days after having a Reverse Prince Albert penile ring replaced. Clinically, he also had genital warts at the piercing tract openings. Investigations revealed positive chlamydial and gonococcal infection of the urethra. The gonococcal isolate was found to be highly resistant to antibiotics and the genotype matched an isolate only once previously recorded in the international database. We discuss how the genital piercing might have affected this patient's multiple infections, the possible contribution of genital piercing to the penile oedema, as well as potential anatomical spread of warts associated with a genital piercing. (Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS)

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Cervicitis

The Hysterectomy Association — Mon, 16 Jun 2008 18:39:15 +0100

is an inflammation of the cervix which can be caused by tampons, IUD strings, chemicals or an infection of some description such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea. It can range from mild to severe and symptoms may include vaginal discharge, back and pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, bleeding following intercourse. Generally a diagnosis is made via [...] No related posts. Related posts brought to you by Yet Another Related Posts Plugin. (Source: The Hysterectomy Association)

Health Promotion And Prevention In The Area Of Sexual And Reproductive Health For Young Men Coming From Different Social And Cultural Backgrounds

Health News from Medical News Today — Sat, 07 Jun 2008 08:00:00 +0100

Whereas the number of new HIV-infections has remained relatively stable, infections with other sexually transmitted diseases such as hepatitis, syphilis and gonorrhoea are lately on the increase in Austria. Regarding the number of teenage pregnancies, Austria has an average rate compared to other OECD countries. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

[Epidemiology] Risk behaviour, healthcare access and prevalence of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a population-based sample of adults in Barbados

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Wed, 28 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Asymptomatic infection with C trachomatis is an important reservoir of infection, which will remain undetected unless physicians and young people are made aware of this and screening is introduced. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Terrence Higgins Trust re-launches campaign on Sexually Transmitted Infections

Terrence Higgins Trust — Tue, 27 May 2008 14:50:13 +0100

On May 28 Terrence Higgins Trust will be re-launching its highly successful ‘Get it checked, Get back out there’ campaign today to try and increase gay men’s awareness of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This year the campaign includes high profile outdoor adverts which will target men when they’re out on the scene. The campaign will include gay bar washroom panels, roadside adverts near gay venues in major gay centres, phone boxes near London gay venues, adverts in London Underground stations and cigarette kiosks on Manchester’s Canal Street. There will also be adverts in some of the gay press.The campaign also includes a special edition of the magazine Exposed, posters for use in gay venues, condom packs and boxes of mints. The condoms and sweets will be given out by...