MedWorm: Helicobacter Pylori

Monoclonal Antibodies A-hel26-A, B, C, D, and E Against 26 kDa Helicobacter pylori Protein

Hybridoma — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 16:37:06 +0100

Hybridoma Feb 2012, Vol. 31, No. 1: 72-72. (Source: Hybridoma)

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News From The Journal Of Clinical Investigation: Feb. 6, 2012

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:00:00 +0100

IMMUNOLOGY: How a stomach-colonizing bacterium protects against asthma The bacterium Helicobacter pylori can be found colonizing the stomach lining of almost half the world's population. Although persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori increases an individual's risk of developing stomach cancer, it also decreases their risk of developing asthma. A team of researchers led by Anne Muller, at the University of ZÃ¼rich, Switzerland, has now identified a cellular mechanism by which persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori protects mice from developing allergic asthma... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Essential role of gastric gland mucin in preventing gastric cancer in mice

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 18:32:05 +0100

Gastric gland mucin secreted from the lower portion of the gastric mucosa contains unique O-linked oligosaccharides (O-glycans) having terminal α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues (αGlcNAc). Previously, we identified human α1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (α4GnT), which is responsible for the O-glycan biosynthesis and characterized αGlcNAc function in suppressing Helicobacter pylori in vitro. In the present study, we engineered A4gnt–/– mice to better understand its role in vivo. A4gnt–/– mice showed complete lack of αGlcNAc expression in gastric gland mucin. Surprisingly, all the mutant mice developed gastric adenocarcinoma through a hyperplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence in the absence of H. pylori...

DC-derived IL-18 drives Treg differentiation, murine Helicobacter pylori-specific immune tolerance, and asthma protection

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 18:32:05 +0100

Persistent colonization with the gastric bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis and predisposes infected individuals to gastric cancer. Conversely, it is also linked to protection from allergic, chronic inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. We demonstrate here that H. pylori inhibits LPS-induced maturation of DCs and reprograms DCs toward a tolerance-promoting phenotype. Our results showed that DCs exposed to H. pylori in vitro or in vivo failed to induce T cell effector functions. Instead, they efficiently induced expression of the forkhead transcription factor FoxP3, the master regulator of Tregs, in naive T cells. Depletion of DCs in mice infected with H. pylori during the neonatal period was sufficient to break H. pylori–specific tolerance. DC depletion result...

Unraveling the mystery of the hygiene hypothesis through Helicobacter pylori infection

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 18:32:05 +0100

Epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of allergic asthma. This association is consistent with the hygiene hypothesis, which posits that exposure to microbes early in life prevents the later development of allergic diseases, and has been reproduced in mouse models of asthma. In this issue of the JCI, Oertli and colleagues report that H. pylori infection in neonates elicits tolerogenic DCs that produce IL-18, which drive the generation of Tregs that subsequently protect the mice from allergic asthma. This finding strengthens the intriguing link between pathogen exposure and allergic disease. (Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation)

[Correspondence] Treatment of Helicobacter pylori in Latin America

LANCET — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Robert Greenberg and colleagues (Aug 6, p 507) are to be commended for doing a mass screening and treatment trial for Helicobacter pylori in the general population of Latin America. There is evidence to suggest that population screening and treatment can reduce the incidence of gastric cancer and lessen the economic burden from dyspepsia. However, we are not sure that Greenberg and colleagues' conclusion that 14-day triple therapy is preferable to 5-day concomitant therapy in this setting is warranted. (Source: LANCET)

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[Correspondence] Treatment of Helicobacter pylori in Latin America – Authors' reply

LANCET — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Claire Slater and Alexander Ford note that all three treatments compared in our trial achieved eradication probabilities similar to those reported from previous community-based programmes of Helicobacter pylori screening and treatment and that the less-expensive concomitant regimen might be preferable to the more effective, but more costly, triple therapy regimen in a low-resource environment. We agree with both of these points and said as much in our report. The purchase price of the three regimens varied widely between the seven study sites, with a range of US$12–120 for 14-day triple therapy, $7–56 for 10-day sequential therapy, and $6–44 for 5-day concomitant therapy. (Source: LANCET)

Virulence factors or ancestral origin of Helicobacter pylori: which is a better predictor of gastric cancer risk?

Gut — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We examined the association between virulence factors, including cag pathogenicity island, vacA, babA, iceA and OipA, of H pylori strains isolated from Columbian subjects and clinical outcomes.2 We found that although OipA and cag pathogenicity island are linked with each other, only... (Source: Gut)

Comparison of levofloxacin-containing sequential and standard triple therapies for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

European Journal of Internal Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 00:26:41 +0100

CONCLUSION: The levofloxacin-containing sequential therapy is a significantly better strategy than the standard triple treatment for H. pylori eradication. Standard triple treatment is no more effective for H. pylori in our population and levofloxacin-containing sequential regimen might be used as a first-line eradication option. PMID: 22284248 [PubMed - in process] (Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine)

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Ulcer-causing bug tied to higher diabetes risk

Reuters: Health — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 19:21:41 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - People who have been infected with the ulcer-causing bacteria Helicobacter pylori are more than twice as likely to develop diabetes later on as people who do not have signs of the infection, according to a new study of Latino adults in California. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Ulcer-Causing Bug Tied to Higher Diabetes Risk

MedlinePlus Health News — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 19:21:39 +0100

People who have been infected with the ulcer-causing bacteria Helicobacter pylori are more than twice as likely to develop diabetes later on as people who do not have signs of the infection, according to a new study of Latino adults in California.Source: Reuters Health Related MedlinePlus Pages: Diabetes, Peptic Ulcer (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

Bile Salts for the Treatment of Heart Failure: Out on a Limb for a Gut Feeling?⁎

Journal of the American College of Cardiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 13:55:34 +0100

In 1984, Warren and Marshall () presented indirect evidence of a putative microbial etiology for peptic ulcer disease. In the decades to follow, >37,000 scholarly articles have been published on Helicobacter pylori (). Unlike the discovery of the role of H pylori in peptic ulcer disease, enthusiasm for infectious causes of all manner of cardiovascular disease has been largely unsubstantiated (). Nevertheless, the robust relationship between inflammation and cardiovascular events lends biological plausibility to the possible association between infectious processes and cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure (). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and other inflammatory cytokines have been recognized as correlates of heart failure disease progression and severity,...

Association between oral health and gastric precancerous lesions

Carcinogenesis — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Although recent studies have suggested that tooth loss is positively related to the risk of gastric non-cardia cancer, the underlying oral health conditions potentially responsible for the association remain unknown. We investigated whether clinical and behavioral measures of oral health are associated with the risk of gastric precancerous lesions. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 131 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Cases were defined as those with gastric precancerous lesions including intestinal metaplasia or chronic atrophic gastritis on the basis of standard biopsy review. A validated structured questionnaire was administered to obtain information on oral health behaviors. A comprehensive clinical oral health examination was performed on a subset of 91 pati...

Med Sci Monit 2012; 18(2):BR84-88 "Lack of association of conjunctival MALT lymphoma with Chlamydiae or Helicobacter pylori in a cohort of Chinese patients"

Medical Science Monitor — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The PCR technique was able to detect the positive control quickly and accurately, but the results of PCR in analyzing the 16 specimens were negative, indicating that there is no association between conjunctival MALT lymphoma and the 4 microorganisms in Chinese patients. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

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Med Sci Monit 2012; 18(2):CR125-130 "Inhibitory effects of intravenous lansoprazole 30 mg and pantoprazole 40 mg twice daily on intragastric acidity in healthy Chinese volunteers: A randomized, open-labeled, two-way crossover study"

Medical Science Monitor — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Intravenous lansoprazole produces a longer and more potent inhibitory effect on intragastric acidity than does intravenous pantoprazole. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

Helicobacter pylori may play a role in both obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome

Sleep Medicine — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

To the Editor We read with interest the paper by Theorell-Haglöw et al. , which concluded that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is closely associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in a Swedish population. (Source: Sleep Medicine)

What is cause and what is effect?

Sleep Medicine — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We would like to thank Prof. Kountouras and co-workers for their interest in our article . Kountouras et al. raise the question whether Helicobacter pylori infection (Hp-I) could be a potential confounder involved in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) pathophysiology associated with metabolic syndrome. The concept is interesting as OSA, GERD and metabolic syndrome are all common disorders. (Source: Sleep Medicine)

Histological features of the gastric mucosa in children with primary bile reflux gastritis

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Foveolar hyperplasia was associated with the severity of bile reflux, suggesting that it is a histological feature of primary BRG in children, while vascular congestion may be a protective factor. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Serological Assessment of gastric mucosal Atrophy in gastric Cancer.

BMC Gastroenterology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Background: Non-invasive tools for gastric cancer screening and diagnosis are lacking. Serological testing with the detection of pepsinogen 1(PG1), pepsinogen 2 (PG2) and gastrin 17 (G17) offers the possibility to detect preneoplastic gastric mucosal conditions. Aim of this study was to assess the performance of these serological tests in the presence of gastric neoplasia. Methods: Histological and serological samples of 118 patients with gastric cancer have been assessed for tumor specific characteristics (Lauren type, localisation), degree of mucosal abnormalities (intestinal metaplasia, atrophy) and serological parameters (PG1, PG2, PG1/2-ratio, G17, H. pylori IgG, CagA status). Association of the general factors to the different serological values have been statistically analyzed. Resu...

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A multicenter validation of an endoscopic classification with narrow band imaging for gastric precancerous and cancerous lesions

Endoscopy — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: A simplified NBI classification is accurate and reliable for the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. The classification should be further assessed and validated on a per-patient assessment of NBI, and by comparing NBI with other imaging technologies. [...]© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkArticle in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Endoscopy)

Helicobacter pylori Infection and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Evidence From a Large Population-based Case-Control Study in Germany.

Am J Epidemiol — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhang Y, Hoffmeister M, Weck MN, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H Abstract Evidence concerning the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of colorectal cancer remains controversial. The authors assessed the association of H. pylori seroprevalence with risk of colorectal cancer in a large population-based case-control study from Germany in 2003-2007. Serum antibodies to H. pylori in general and the cytotoxin-associated gene A protein (CagA) were measured in 1,712 incident colorectal cancer cases and 1,669 controls. The association between H. pylori seroprevalence and colorectal cancer risk was estimated by logistic regression, with adjustment for potential confounders and stratification by age group, sex, anatomic subsites, and cancer stage. Overall, H. pylori se...

Clinical Characteristics and the Expression Profiles of Inflammatory Cytokines/Cytokine Regulatory Factors in Asymptomatic Patients with Nodular Gastritis

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 16:04:00 +0100

Conclusions Asymptomatic NG is associated with H. pylori infection, and a predilection for this condition exists in young females. The PR3 expression of gastric mucosa might play an important role in the pathogenesis of NG. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s10620-012-2053-3Authors Sung Noh Hong, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 4-12 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-729 Republic of KoreaSeunghyun Jo, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Medical Immunology Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, KoreaJu Hyun Jang, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 4-12 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-729 Republic of KoreaJida Choi, Department of Biomedic...

Superoxide dismutase activity of Helicobacter pylori per se from 158 clinical isolates and the characteristics

Microbiology and Immunology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTOur aims are to investigate the correlation between superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gastroduodenal diseases and the characteristics of strains exposed to oxidative stress. Two sequenced strains, 26695 and J99, and clinical isolates from 156 Japanese patients with gastroduodenal diseases such as gastric cancer (n = 59) and non‐cancer (n = 97) were utilized. SOD activities of all 158 isolates were measured by a SOD Assay Kit‐WST and were divided into 3 groups; high‐SOD activity (>0.22, n = 2), moderate‐SOD activity (0.15≦　≦0.22, n = 16) and low‐SOD activity (<0.15, n = 140) groups. The expressions of H. pylori iron‐cofactored SOD (Fe‐SOD) were examined by western blotting with anti‐H. pylori Fe‐SOD antibody prep...

A new look at antiplatelet agent‐related peptic ulcer: An update of prevention and treatment

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 20:50:05 +0100

AbstractPatients taking antiplatelet agent for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases who develop gastrointestinal bleeding represent a serious challenge in clinical practice. The initial step in reducing gastrointestinal risk of antiplatelet therapy is to assess whether the patient has a continued need for antiplatelet therapy. The next step is to eliminate the risk factors that may place the patient at increased gastrointestinal risk. In the management of bleeding ulcer patients with high‐risk stigmata of recent hemorrhage, resuming antiplatelet agents at 3‐5 days after the last dosing is a reasonable strategy. However, patients with low‐risk stigmata can keep taking antiplatelet agents immediately following endoscopy. In the management of aspirin‐related uncomplicated peptic ...

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8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine: Not mere biomarker for oxidative stress, but remedy for oxidative stress-implicated gastrointestinal diseases.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ock CY, Kim EH, Choi DJ, Lee HJ, Hahm KB, Chung MH Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) attack guanine bases in DNA easily and form 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which can bind to thymidine rather than cytosine, based on which, the level of 8-OHdG is generally regarded as a biomarker of mutagenesis consequent to oxidative stress. For example, higher levels of 8-OHdG are noted in Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis as well as gastric cancer. However, we have found that exogenous 8-OHdG can paradoxically reduce ROS production, attenuate the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, and ameliorate the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, cyclo-oxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in addition to expressio...

Prevalence and risk factors for Giardia duodenalis infection among children: A case study in Portugal

Parasites and Vectors — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We investigated the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis infection and identified possible associated risk factors in a healthy paediatric population from Portugal. We highlight the high prevalence of G.duodenalis in these children, as well as the parents¿ education level as the main risk factor. Of interest, we also found an association between G. duodenalis and Helicobacter pylori infections. Image: Giardia duodenalis cysts stained by FICT. (Source: Parasites and Vectors)

Structural characterization of H. pylori dethiobiotin synthetase reveals differences between family members

FEBS Journal — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

SummaryDethiobiotin synthetase (DTBS) is involved in the biosynthesis of biotin in bacteria, fungi and plants. As humans lack this pathway, dethiobiotin synthetase is a promising antimicrobial drug target. We determined structures of DBTS from H. pylori (hpDTBS) bound with cofactors and a substrate analog and described its unique characteristics relative to other DTBS proteins. Comparison with bacterial DTBS orthologues revealed considerable structural differences in nucleotide recognition. The C‐terminal region of DTBS proteins, which contains two nucleotide‐recognition motifs, greatly differs among DTBS proteins from different species. The structure of hpDTBS revealed that this protein is unique and does not contain a C‐terminal region containing one of the motifs. The single nucle...

ABC screening for gastric cancer is not applicable in a Japanese population with high prevalence of atrophic gastritis

Gastric Cancer — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 16:46:18 +0100

Abstract A combination of the detection of serum anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody and measurement of the level of serum pepsinogens (PG)s, known as the ABC method, has been used in screening for gastric cancer. The ABC method has been shown to be useful in urban and/or younger populations. The aim of this study was to assess whether this method is applicable for an agricultural population with a high incidence of gastric cancer. In all, 1048 healthy adults (401 men and 647 women) who participated in a mass survey in April 2005 were examined. Their serum samples were tested to determine the prevalence of anti-H. pylori antibody, and the levels of PG I and PG II were also measured to assess the presence of atrophic gastritis. Of the elderly subjects born before 1940, 59.4% w...

A new crystal lattice structure of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP)

Acta Crystallographica Section F — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

has been determined in two forms: the native state (Apo) at 2.20 Å resolution and an iron-loaded form (Fe-load) at 2.50 Å resolution. The highly solvated packing of the dodecameric shell is suitable for crystallographic study of the metal ion-uptake pathway. Like other bacterioferritins, HP-NAP forms a spherical dodecamer with 23 symmetry including two kinds of channels. Iron loading causes a series of conformational changes of amino-acid residues (Trp26, Asp52 and Glu56) at the ferroxidase centre. (Source: Acta Crystallographica Section F)

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Mutations in hpyAVIBM, C5 cytosine DNA methyltransferase from Helicobacter pylori result in relaxed specificity

FEBS Journal — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe genome of Helicobacter pylori is rich in restriction ‐ modification (R‐M) systems. Around 4% of the genome codes for components of R‐M systems. hpyAVIBM, which codes for a phase‐variable C5 ‐ cytosine methyltransferase (MTase) from H. pylori lacks a cognate restriction enzyme. It was observed that over‐expression of M.HpyAVIB in Escherichia coli enhanced the rate of mutations. However when the catalytically inactive F9N or C82W mutants of M.HpyAVIB were expressed in E.coli, mutations were not observed. It was observed that the M.HpyAVIB gene itself was mutated to give rise to different variants of the MTase. M.HpyAVIB variants were purified and differences in kinetic properties and specificity were observed. Intriguingly, purified MTase variants showed relaxed subst...

Peptic Ulcer Basics

About Heartburn / Acid Reflux — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Peptic ulcers can cause a variety of symptoms, and these vary from patient to patient. Some patients with ulcers have minimal, unusual, or even no symptoms at all. Others may have every symptom. This is why it is very important to consult your doctor if you have any concerns. It is important to understand the causes of peptic ulcers. In the past, it was believed stress and diet caused peptic ulcers. Later, researchers stated stomach acids (hydrochloric acid and pepsin) contributed to the majority of ulcer formation. Today, however, research shows that most ulcers develop as a result of infection with a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Since most peptic ulcers are caused by H. pylori, your doctor will most likely confirm the presence of this bacteria before doing other ...

Evaluation of apoptosis along with BCL-2 and Ki-67 expression in patients with intestinal metaplasia.

Pathology, Research and Practice — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Erkan G, Gonul II, Kandilci U, Dursun A Abstract The primary aim is to compare individuals with intestinal metaplasia (IM), chronic active gastritis (CAG), and normal gastric mucosa (NGM) in terms of apoptosis, proliferation, and Bcl-2 expression. The secondary aim is to determine whether these parameters are different between patients with and without gastric cancer in first-degree relatives. We enrolled 106 patients whose histopathological results were consistent with IM (n: 42), CAG (n: 51), or NGM (n: 13). Antral biopsies were immunohistochemically stained for Bcl-2 and Ki-67 expression. Apoptosis was detected using TUNEL assay. While no significant difference was determined between three groups with regard to apoptosis and Bcl-2 expression (p>0.05), Ki-67 expressio...

Ubiquitin-proteasome-rich cytoplasmic structures in neutrophils of patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome.

Haematologica — Sun, 22 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. PaCSs are a prominent feature of neutrophils from Shwachman-Diamond syndrome patients. They may help us to understand the mechanism of granulocyte dysfunction and the neoplastic risk of the disease. PMID: 22271888 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Haematologica)

Simultaneous analysis of cardiolipin and lipid A from Helicobacter pylori by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 21:29:01 +0100

Mol. BioSyst., 2012, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C2MB05475B, MethodPing Zhou, Rui Hu, Vandana Chandan, Rhonda KuoLee, Xin Liu, Wangxue Chen, Bifeng Liu, Eleonora Altman, Jianjun LiThis is the first report of simultaneous analysis of cardiolipin and lipid A from single bacterial colony with optimized MALDI matrix and extraction conditions.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles)

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Future candidates for indications of Helicobacter pylori eradication: Do the indications need to be revised?

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 20:46:51 +0100

AbstractSince the discovery of Helicobacter pylori in 1982, the development of several treatment guidelines has allowed a consensus on the indications for H. pylori eradication. Beyond these currently accepted indications, including various upper gastrointestinal disorders and extragastric diseases, a significant amount of new information regarding H. pylori eradication is emerging. Certain types of acute gastritis, such as nodular gastritis, hypertrophic gastritis, Ménétrier's disease, hemorrhagic gastritis, and granulomatous gastritis are reversible after H. pylori eradication. Further, for chronic gastritis, closed‐type atrophic gastritis and complete‐type intestinal metaplasia appear to be more reversible after H. pylori eradication than open‐type atrophic gastritis and...

Mucus Baffles Ulcer-Causing Bacteria

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 09:00:00 +0100

Even the tiniest microscopic organisms make waves when they swim. In fact, dealing with these waves is a fact of life for the ulcer-causing bacteria H. pylori. The bacteria are known to change their behavior in order to compensate for the waves created by other bacteria swimming around in the same aquatic neighborhood. From the relatively simple actions of these individual bacteria emerges a complex, coordinated group behavior... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Probiotics as an Alternative Strategy for Prevention and Treatment of Human Diseases: A Review.

Inflammation and Allergy Drug Targets — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Khani S, Hosseini HM, Taheri M, Nourani MR, Imani Fooladi AA Abstract Probiotics are live microbial food supplements or their components, which have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health. Probiotics can be bacteria, molds, or yeasts, but most of them fall into the group known as lactic acid bacteria and are normally consumed in the form of yogurt, fermented milk, or other fermented foods. Data from clinical trials have shown contrasting effects and should be interpreted with caution. A large variety of potential beneficial effects have been reported including improvement of intestinal tract health, enhancing the immune system, reducing symptoms of lactose intolerance, decreasing the prevalence of allergy in susceptible individuals, reducing risk of certain ...

Potential Infectious Etiology of Behçet's Disease.

Herpes — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 03:30:02 +0100

Authors: Galeone M, Colucci R, D'Erme AM, Moretti S, Lotti T Abstract Behçet's disease is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. The cause of Behçet's disease remains unknown, but epidemiologic findings suggest that an autoimmune process is triggered by an environmental agent in a genetically predisposed individual. An infectious agent could operate through molecular mimicry, and subsequently the disease could be perpetuated by an abnormal immune response to an autoantigen in the absence of ongoing infection. Potentia bacterial are Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mycobacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycoplasma fermentans, but the most...

Applicability of a short/rapid 13C-urea breath test for Helicobacter pylori: a retrospective multicenter chart review study

BMC Gastroenterology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The BreathID(R) System used in diagnosing Helicobacter pylori can safely shorten test duration on average of 10-13 minutes without any loss of sensitivity or specificity and with no test lasting more than 21 minutes. (Source: BMC Gastroenterology)

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Helicobacter pylori Eradication Improves Gastric Atrophy and Intestinal Metaplasia in Long-Term Observation

Digestion — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Digestion 2012;85:126–130 (DOI:10.1159/000334684) (Source: Digestion)

Duration of Dual Amoxicillin Plus Omeprazole for H. Pylori Duration of Dual Amoxicillin Plus Omeprazole for H. Pylori

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 04:00:00 +0100

How long should a patient with H. pylori disease be treated with a combination of an antibiotic and a proton pump inhibitor? This new study investigates. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Unusual presentation of MALT lymphoma as diffuse gastric erythema

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 22:04:55 +0100

A 59-year-old white man was admitted with sudden onset of dysphagia, nausea, and vomiting. He had no abdominal pain, fever, night sweats, or weight loss. Physical examination and basic blood tests showed normal results. EGD revealed multiple distal esophageal ulcers ( ) and Candida esophagitis. The stomach and duodenum were unremarkable. There was no evidence of HIV, cytomegalovirus, or herpes simplex virus infection. His symptoms improved with acid suppression and antifungal therapy. EGD 2 months later revealed a normal esophagus and diffuse erythema in the gastric fundus and body resembling portal hypertensive gastropathy ( ). Gastric biopsy, however, showed MALT lymphoma ( ) with strong CD20 immunohistochemistry staining, but no evidence of Helicobacter pylori infection. A 10-day course...

Treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of parkinson’s disease in Denmark

European Journal of Neurology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our population‐based study suggests that chronic HP infections and/or gastritis contribute to PD or that these are PD‐related pathologies that precede motor symptoms. (Source: European Journal of Neurology)

Interleukin-8 is the single most up-regulated gene in whole genome profiling of H. pylori exposed gastric epithelial cells

BMC Microbiology - Latest articles — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In whole genome analysis of the epithelial response to H. pylori exposure, IL-8 demonstrated the most marked up-regulation, and was involved in many of the most important cellular response processes to the infection. There was dysregulation of apoptosis, tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes as early as in the first 24 h of H. pylori infection, which may represent early signs of gastric tumorigenesis. OMPLA+/- did not affect the acute inflammatory response to H. pylori. (Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles)

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Furazolidone in Helicobacter pylori therapy: Misunderstood and often unfairly maligned drug told in a story of French bread

The Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

David Y Graham, Hong LuSaudi Journal of Gastroenterology 2012 18(1):1-2 (Source: The Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology)

Furazolidone-based therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection: A pooled-data analysis

The Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Furazolidone-based regimens usually achieve low eradication rates. Only a high-dose regimen improves the cure rate, but simultaneously increases the incidence of severe side effects. Therefore, we suggest that patients have to be clearly informed about the possible genotoxic and carcinogenetic effects for which furazolidone use is not approved in developed countries. (Source: The Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology)

[Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in anemia by vitamin B12 deficiency in Marrakech (Morocco).]

Presse Medicale — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nafil H, Tazi I, Sifessalam M, Bouchtia M, Mahmal L PMID: 22244727 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Presse Medicale)

Prognostic value of Helicobacter pylori sinonasal colonization for efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 17:52:54 +0100

This study investigated if HP sinonasal colonization has a prognostic value for efficacy of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Nasal polyps of 40 patients with CRS, undergoing FESS, were analyzed for presence of HP using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Patients were categorized as to whether the IHC was positive (HP+ group) or negative (HP− group). HP+ group and HP− group were compared according to the nasal polyp eosinophil density, and to the improvement (difference between pre- and post-operative scores) of the subjective symptom scores, and the nasal endoscopic scores. Nasal polyps in 28 (70%) patients were positive for HP. There were no significant differences between HP+ group and HP− group comparing the eosinophils, and the improvement of the single symptom and the tot...

Identification of gastric cancer risk markers that are informative in individuals with past H. pylori infection

Gastric Cancer — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 17:52:09 +0100

Conclusions We identified seven novel gastric cancer risk markers that are highly informative in individuals with past infection. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original articlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10120-011-0126-1Authors Sohachi Nanjo, Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 JapanKiyoshi Asada, Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 JapanSatoshi Yamashita, Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 JapanTakeshi Nakajima, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, JapanKazuyuki Nakazawa, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Waka...

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Gastric cancer in Africa: what do we know about incidence and risk factors?

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 11:11:30 +0100

Abstract: Gastric cancer is a major contributor to mortality worldwide, yet its incidence varies widely around the world in a way which our current understanding of aetiology cannot fully explain. Incidence data from Africa are weak, reflecting poor diagnostic resources, but there are firm data on intestinal metaplasia and gastric atrophy which are important steps in the carcinogenesis pathway. The available registry data suggest that incidence is unlikely to be dramatically different from Europe or North America. Helicobacter pylori infection is an important permissive factor in the development of cancer, but H. pylori seroprevalence is high all over Africa and cannot clearly be correlated with cancer. However, there is evidence that specific bacterial virulence genes, particularly vacA a...

Helicobacter pylori serologic status has no influence on the association between fucosyltransferase 2 polymorphism (FUT2 461 G->A) and vitamin B-12 in Europe and West Africa.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: This study confirms the influence of FUT2 461 G→A polymorphism on plasma vitamin B-12 concentration and showed no influence of H. pylori serologic status on this association in ambulatory subjects from Europe and West Africa. PMID: 22237057 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Helicobacter pylori and immigrant health.

cmaj — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jones NL, Chiba N, Fallone C, Hunt R, Thomson A PMID: 22232338 [PubMed - in process] (Source: cmaj)

Helicobacter pylori in Thai patients with cholangiocarcinoma and its association with biliary inflammation and proliferation

HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The present findings suggest that H. pylori, especially the cagA‐positive strains, may be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary diseases, especially CCA through enhanced biliary cell inflammation and proliferation. (Source: HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association)

Genotypic characterization of Helicobacter pylori isolates among Egyptian patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases

The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 19:27:43 +0100

Conclusion The development of GC is linked to infection with H. pylori harboring certain virulence genes. Higher infection density of H. pylori was found in GC patients. Co-existence of more than one strain of H. pylori in the same patient occurs in both malignant and benign lesions. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 15-23DOI 10.1007/s10330-011-0880-xAuthors Abdel Hamid Hussein Ezzat, Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptMona Hamza Ali, Laboratory Forensic Medicine, Egyptian Ministry of Justice, Cairo, EgyptEman Ahmed El-Seidi, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptIman Ezzat Wali, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, E...

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Lansoprazole‐based sequential and concomitant therapy for the first‐line Helicobacter pylori eradication

Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The first‐line lansoprazole‐based sequential therapy and concomitant therapy were well‐tolerated and comparable in terms of H. pylori eradication rate.© 2012 The Author. Journal of Digestive Diseases © 2012 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. (Source: Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases)

Influence of proton pump inhibitor treatment on Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The stool antigen test was equally sensitive to the UBT, making it a useful and reliable diagnostic method, even during PPI administration. PMID: 22228969 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

Increased numbers of Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells in gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Tregs are positively associated with endoscopic findings of gastroduodenal diseases and histological grade but negatively associated with intestinal metaplasia in gastritis and peptic ulcer groups. PMID: 22228968 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

Prevalence of non Helicobacter pylori species in patients presenting with dyspepsia

BMC Gastroenterology — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The prevalence of H. heilmannii and H. felis was low in our patients with dyspepsia. Exposure to pets did not increase the risk of H. heilmannii or H. felis infection. The coinfection of H. pylori with H. heilmannii was seen associated with intestinal metaplasia, however this need further confirmation. (Source: BMC Gastroenterology)

Mucosal vaccination increases local chemokine production attracting immune cells to the stomach mucosa of Helicobacter pylori infected mice.

Vaccine — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insights into vaccination-induced chemokines that guide the influx of protective immune cells into the stomach of H. pylori infected mice. PMID: 22230589 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

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The Use of AlbuMAX II® as a Blood or Serum Alternative for the Culture of Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 16:46:08 +0100

Conclusions: AlbuMAX II® (Gibco BRL) can be used as a serum/blood replacement for the cultivation of H. pylori in solid and liquid media. This medium could be useful for an improved understanding of H. pylori metabolism or for antigen production. Furthermore, AlbuMAX II® (Gibco BRL) may be suitable for use in remote locations, particularly in areas where frozen storage of serum may be a problem. (Source: Helicobacter)

Mucoid Helicobacter pylori Isolates with Fast Growth under Microaerobic and Aerobic Conditions

Helicobacter — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 16:46:06 +0100

Conclusions: This study reports the isolation of two mucoid strains of H. pylori with confluent growth under aerobic and microaerobic conditions. It appears that production of exopolysaccharide (EXP) could serve as a physical barrier to reduce oxygen diffusion into the bacterial cell and uptake of antibiotics. EXP protected the mucoid H. pylori isolates against stressful conditions, the result of which could be persistence of bacterial infection in the stomach. (Source: Helicobacter)

Sociocultural and Dietary Practices Among Malay Subjects in the North‐Eastern Region of Peninsular Malaysia: A Region of Low Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection

Helicobacter — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 16:46:04 +0100

Conclusions: Under the assumption that sanitary, sociocultural, and dietary habits have not changed over the years, we can conclude that an increased risk of H. pylori was associated with unsanitary practices whereas protection was associated with consumption of tea and locally produced foods, “pegaga” and “budu.” These dietary factors are candidates for future study on the effects on H. pylori transmission. (Source: Helicobacter)

Evaluation of a Four‐drug, Three‐antibiotic, Nonbismuth–containing “Concomitant” Therapy as First‐line Helicobacter pylori Eradication Regimen in Greece

Helicobacter — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 16:46:02 +0100

Conclusion: A 10‐day concomitant regimen appears to be an effective, safe, and well‐tolerated treatment option for first‐line H. pylori eradication in Greece. (Source: Helicobacter)

A Comparison between Sequential Therapy and a Modified Bismuth‐based Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Iran: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Helicobacter — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 16:46:00 +0100

Conclusion: Because the two regimens showed acceptable and similar abilities in H. pylori eradication and because of much higher cost of clarithromycin in Iran, the furazolidone containing regimen seems to be superior. Further modifications of sequential therapies are needed to make them ideal regimens in developing countries. (Source: Helicobacter)

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Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Helicobacter pylori: Role of Mutations at Position 87 and 91 of GyrA on the Level of Resistance and Identification of a Resistance Conferring Mutation in GyrB

Helicobacter — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 16:45:58 +0100

Conclusion: Mutation from Asn to Lys at position 87 of GyrA confers higher resistance to levofloxacin and gatifloxacin than does mutation from Asp to Asn at position 91. We propose that mutation at position 463 in GyrB as a novel mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in H. pylori. (Source: Helicobacter)

Inverse Association Between Helicobacter pylori and Pediatric Asthma in a High‐Prevalence Population

Helicobacter — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 16:45:57 +0100

Conclusions: We demonstrate an inverse association between H. pylori and pediatric asthma in a population with a high prevalence of H. pylori. (Source: Helicobacter)

Natural History of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Childhood: Eight‐Year Follow‐Up Cohort Study in an Urban Community in Northeast of Brazil

Helicobacter — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 16:45:55 +0100

Conclusion: Factors linked to remain and to gain H. pylori infection in a poor region were increased number of children in the household and the male gender. Also, the acquisition rates were higher than the loss rates, which lead to an increase in the infection prevalence with age. (Source: Helicobacter)

Arginine 66 Residue of Fur is Required for the Regulatory Function of this Protein in the Acid Adaptation Mechanism of Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 16:45:53 +0100

Conclusions: Arginine 66 but not histidine 99 in H. pylori Fur is required for the regulatory function of the Fur protein in the acid adaptation mechanism of the bacterium. (Source: Helicobacter)

Micronutrients (Other than iron) and Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Systematic Review

Helicobacter — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 16:45:51 +0100

Conclusions: Meta‐analyses indicate that H. pylori infection is associated with reduced levels of ascorbic acid and cobalamin, supported by the positive effect of eradication treatment. For other micronutrients, further studies are needed. (Source: Helicobacter)

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Low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsOur study confirms an inverse association between H. pylori and IBD and a positive association between the H. pylori – negative gastritis and IBD. These relationships may open new avenues to study the pathogenesis of IBD. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Gastric Cancer Development after Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy: A New Form of Gastric Neoplasia

Karger Publishers — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 17:15:25 +0100

Digestion 2012;85:61–67 (DOI:10.1159/000335260) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Helicobacter pylori regulates iNOS promoter by histone modifications in human gastric epithelial cells

Medical Microbiology and Immunology — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 07:02:25 +0100

Abstract Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression is altered in gastrointestinal diseases. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection may have a critical role in iNOS disregulation. We undertook this study to investigate possible chromatin changes occurring early during iNOS gene activation as a direct consequence of Hp–gastric cells interaction. We show that Hp infection is followed by different expression and chromatin modifications in gastric cells including (1) activation of iNOS gene expression, (2) chromatin changes at iNOS promoter including decreased H3K9 methylation and increased H3 acetylation and H3K4 methylation levels, (3) selective release of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 from the iNOS promoter. Moreover, we show that Hp-induced activation of iNOS is delayed,...

Immune Modulation by Regulatory T cells in Helicobacter pylori-Associated Diseases.

Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders Drug Targets — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Raghavan S, Quiding-Järbrink M Abstract Regulatory T cells (Treg) have the ability to suppress the activity of most other lymphoid cells as well as dendritic cells through cell-cell contact dependent mechanisms, which have not yet been fully defined. Treg are a key component of a functional immune system, and Treg deficiency is associated with severe autoimmunity and allergies. Antigen-specific Treg accumulate in gastric tissue during both Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Several studies suggest that the local Treg response protects the gastric mucosa from exaggerated inflammation and tissue damage, and the risk of PUD is inversely related to Treg frequencies. At the same time the reduction of the inflammatory response achieved by Treg...

Guidelines for Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Guidelines for Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 04:00:00 +0100

Infection with Helicobacter pylori remains a major healthcare burden. How can we achieve successful eradication? Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Early effects of oral administration of omeprazole and roxatidine on intragastric pH.

J Zhejiang Univ Sci ... — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In Helicobacter pylori-negative healthy male subjects, oral administration of roxatidine 75 mg increased the intragastric pH more rapidly than that of omeprazole 20 mg. PMID: 22205617 [PubMed - in process] (Source: J Zhejiang Univ Sci ...)

“Microbiologic profile of endodontic infections from HIV‐ and HIV+ patients using MDA and Checkerboard”

Oral Diseases — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: There were significant differences in the prevalence and proportions of specific microbial taxa between HIV‐ and HIV+ individuals. The root canal microbiota may represent a reservoir of important oral and medical pathogens, mainly in HIV+ individuals.© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S (Source: Oral Diseases)

Is quadruple therapy the new triple therapy for H pylori?

Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Korownyk C, Kolber MR PMID: 22267623 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien)

Risk factors for laryngopharyngeal reflux

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 07:10:04 +0100

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with and without laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) to determine the risk factors for the occurrence of LPR in patients with GERD. This is a retrospective study of GERD patients with and without LPR. From the outpatient computer program of our hospital we randomly enrolled 45 GERD patients with LPR into the first group and another 45 GERD patients without LPR to the second group. Medical records of the patients in both groups were examined. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy. LPR was confirmed by laryngoscopy, and LPR-related laryngoscopy scoring. Non-erosive GERD (NERD), erosive GERD (ERD) and Barrett’s es...

Down-regulation of HSP70 sensitizes gastric epithelial cells to apoptosis and growth retardation triggered by H. pylori

BMC Gastroenterology — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The inhibition of HSP70 aggravated gastric cellular damages induced by H.pylori. Induction of HSP70 could be a potential therapeutic target for protection gastric mucosa from H.pylori-associated injury. (Source: BMC Gastroenterology)

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Circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with primary and Helicobacter pylori‐associated immune thrombocytopenia

European Journal of Haematology — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We demonstrated that the number of circulating pDCs is low in patients with primary and H. pylori‐associated ITP, and that it changes depending on treatment modality. Further investigation is warranted with regard to the role of pDCs in the immunopathogenesis of ITP.© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S (Source: European Journal of Haematology)

Fermentation of whole apple juice using lactobacillus acidophilus for potential dietary management of hyperglycemia, hypertension, and modulation of beneficial bacterial responses

Journal of Food Biochemistry — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, for the first time, fermentation of apple juice using lactic acid bacteria was shown to have relevance in managing hyperglycemia and hypertension using in vitro models. This approach was also shown to have potential to inhibit stomach ulcer relevant bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Further, we also established that fermented extracts will not inhibit the beneficial intestinal lactic acid bacteria. This research provides biochemical rationale for further in vivo studies based on the in vitro enzyme assay models used in this study. Further, this study can provide biochemical rationale for the development of fermented food design strategies that can have potential to reduce hyperglycemia linked to type 2 diabetes and related chronic diseases. This research also provides new appro...

Alzheimer's Disease: APP, Gamma Secretase, APOE, CLU, CR1, PICALM, ABCA7, BIN1, CD2AP, CD33, EPHA1, and MS4A2, and Their Relationships with Herpes Simplex, C. Pneumoniae, Other Suspect Pathogens, and the Immune System

Journal of Biophysics — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 18:49:14 +0100

Alzheimer's disease susceptibility genes, APP and gamma-secretase, are involved in the herpes simplex life cycle, and that of other suspect pathogens (C. pneumoniae, H. pylori, C. neoformans, B. burgdorferri, P. gingivalis) or immune defence. Such pathogens promote beta-amyloid deposition and tau phosphorylation and may thus be causative agents, whose effects are conditioned by genes. The antimicrobial effects of beta-amyloid, the localisation of APP/gamma-secretase in immunocompetent dendritic cells, and gamma secretase cleavage of numerous pathogen receptors suggest that this network is concerned with pathogen disposal, effects which may be abrogated by the presence of beta-amyloid autoantibodies in the elderly. These autoantibodies, as well as those to nerve growth factor and tau, a...

Molecular Pathways: Involvement of Helicobacter pylori -triggered inflammation in the formation of an epigenetic field defect, and its usefulness as cancer risk and exposure markers.

Clinical Cancer Research — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ushijima T, Hattori N Abstract Infection-associated cancers constitute a major fraction of human cancers, and gastric cancer, the vast majority of which is associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, provides a typical example of such cancers. Epigenetic alterations are known to be frequently present in gastric cancers, and H. pylori infection has now been shown to induce aberrant DNA methylation in gastric mucosae. Accumulation of aberrant methylation in gastric mucosae produces a field for cancerization, and methylation levels correlate with gastric cancer risk. H. pylori infection induces methylation of specific genes, and such specificity is determined by epigenetic statuses in normal cells, including the presence of H3K27me3 and RNA polymerase II (activ...

Role of Helicobacter pylori in patients with HCV‐related chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma: possible association with disease progression

Journal of Viral Hepatitis — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we searched for association between H. pylori and HCV‐related liver disease. Liver specimens were collected from eighty‐five patients; they were divided into five different groups according to liver pathology (METAVIR system). Group I (the 1st control group) consisted of 16 patients with chronic hepatitis C without histological activity. Group II consisted of 25 patients with chronic active hepatitis C, Group III, 17 patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis and Group IV, 16 patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis and HCC. Group V (2nd control group) consisted of 11 patients suffering from gastro duodenal and gall bladder diseases but negative for HCV. All cases were tested by polymerase chain reaction on liver samples for the presence of H. pylori DNA Cag A gene. Routine bi...

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The immunological response to parenteral vaccination with recombinant HBsAg Virus-Like particles expressing Helicobacter pylori KatA epitopes in a murine H. pylori challenge model.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study we inserted overlapping sequences from the carboxy terminus of the Helicobacter pylori katA gene into HBsAg-S. The HBsAg-S-KatA fusion proteins were able to assemble into secretion-competent VLPs (VLP-KatA). The VLP-KatA proteins were able to induce KatA specific antibodies in immunised mice. The mean total IgG antibody titres 41 days post primary immunization with VLP-KatA (2.3 × 10(3)) were significantly greater (p <0.05) than observed for vaccination with VLP alone (5.2 × 10(2)). Measurement of IgG isotypes revealed responses to both 1gG1 and IgG2a (mean titres 9.0 × 10(4) and 2.6 × 10(4) respectively) with the IgG2a response to vaccination with VLP-KatA being significantly higher compared to mice immunised with KatA alone (p <0.05). Following challenge of mice w...

H. Pylori May Protect Against DiarrheaH. Pylori May Protect Against Diarrhea

Medscape Medical News Headlines — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 22:03:03 +0100

People with Helicobacter pylori in their stomachs may be protected against some diarrheal diseases, suggests a new study. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)

Gastric Cancers Emerging after H. pylori Eradication Arise Exclusively from Non-Acid-Secreting Areas.

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 09:36:33 +0100

In this study, employing Congo-red chromoendoscopy, which is capable of visualizing the acid-secreting fundic mucosa, we investigated the topographic relationship of the acid secretion pattern to the occurrence site of gastric cancers emerging after eradication. Fourteen consecutive patients who suffered from new gastric cancer after eradication, defined as lesions that were discovered at least 2 years after the eradication, were prospectively enrolled. Whether the neoplasias arose from acid-secreting or non-acid-secreting areas was evaluated with Congo-red chromoendoscopy. Biopsy specimens taken from the two areas were subjected to histologic evaluation and immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 and p53. The mean period from the eradication to the subsequent occurrence of gastric cancer was 74 (4...

[Helicobacter pylori infection; a rarely suspected and treatable cause of chronic urticaria.]

Anales de Pediatria — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Castillo Reguera YM, Remón García C, Cabanillas Platero M, Cimbollek S, Díaz Flores I PMID: 22206882 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anales de Pediatria)

Efficacy of sitafloxacin-based rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori after failures of first- and second-line therapies.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Matsuzaki J, Suzuki H, Nishizawa T, Hirata K, Tsugawa H, Saito Y, Okada S, Fukuhara S, Hibi T Abstract Sitafloxacin-based triple therapy achieved 83.6% (per-protocol) and 78.2% (intention-to-treat) success in eradicating Helicobacter pylori among 78 Japanese patients after clarithromycin-based first-line and metronidazole-based second-line triple therapies failed. Eradication succeeded in 32 out of 43 patients even with gyrA mutation-positive Helicobacter pylori (per-protocol). The position of the gyrA mutation (N87 or D91) was determined to be a better marker than minimum inhibitory concentration levels for predicting outcomes of sitafloxacin-based treatment. PMID: 22203601 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

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H. pylori may protect against diarrhea

Modern Medicine — Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - People with Helicobacter pylori in their stomachs may be protected against some diarrheal diseases, suggests a new study. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Hepcidin is localised in gastric parietal cells, regulates acid secretion and is induced by Helicobacter pylori infection

Gut — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Hepcidin is a product of parietal cells regulating gastric acid production and may contribute to development of gastric ulcers under stress conditions. (Source: Gut)

Helicobacter pylori cholesteryl glucosides interfere with host membrane phase and affect type IV secretion system function during infection in AGS cells

Molecular Microbiology — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 15:05:42 +0100

SummaryHelicobacter pylori infection is an aetiological cause of gastric disorders worldwide. H. pylori has been shown to assimilate and convert host cholesterol into cholesteryl glucosides (CGs) by cholesterol‐α‐glucosyltransferase encoded by capJ. Here, we show that CapJ‐deficient (ΔcapJ) H. pylori resulted in greatly reduced type IV secretion system (TFSS)‐associated activities, including the hummingbird phenotype of AGS cells, IL‐8 production, CagA translocation/phosphorylation and CagA‐mediated signalling events. Complementation of the ΔcapJ mutation with wild type cagJ or by adding CGs‐containing lysates or exogenous fluorophore‐tagged CGs reversed the mutant phenotypes. We also show that the wild‐type but not ΔcapJ H. pylori recruited raft‐associated co...

Towards Defining a Rigidity-Associated Pathogenic Pathway in Idiopathic Parkinsonism.

Neuro-Degenerative Diseases — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Dobbs RJ, Charlett A, Dobbs SM, Weller C, Iguodala O, Smee C, Bowthorpe J, Taylor D, Bjarnason IT Abstract Helicobacter pylori eradication has a differential effect on the facets of idiopathic parkinsonism (IP): brady/hypokinesia improves, but rigidity worsens. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is common in IP and has been described as a sequel to Helicobacter eradication. The hyperhomocysteinaemia of IP is, in part, explained by serum vitamin B(12), but the concentration is not explained by Helicobacter status. Moreover, Helicobacter-associated gastric atrophy is uncommon in IP. However, overgrowth both increases B(12) utilization and provides a source of inflammation to drive homocysteine production. It is not a bystander event in IP: clouds of lysosomes are seen in ...

Increasing the duration of dual amoxicillin plus omeprazole Helicobacter pylori eradication to 6 weeks: A pilot study

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 09:16:04 +0100

Conclusion: Despite the theory and pre‐existing data from Japan, in the USA, prolonging the duration of dual amoxicillin‐PPI therapy did not improve treatment outcome in 90% or more of our patients. (Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology)

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Seeking an optimal eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 09:15:51 +0100

See article in J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2012; 27: 59–61. (Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology)

Association between Helicobacter pylori cagA-related genes and clinical outcomes in Colombia and Japan

BMC Gastroenterology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: jhp0045 and jhp0046 might be novel markers for predicting gastric cancer in cagA-positive cases in Colombia, but not in Japan. (Source: BMC Gastroenterology)

Synthesis and bioevaluation of novel 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylbenzimidazole derivatives that inhibit Helicobacter pylori-induced pathogenesis in human gastric epithelial cells.

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chang CS, Liu JF, Lin HJ, Lin CD, Tang CH, Lu DY, Sing YT, Chen LY, Kao MC, Kuo SC, Lai CH Abstract Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and even gastric malignancy. H. pylori's antibiotic resistance is the major obstacle preventing its eradication. A series of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylbenzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-H.pylori activity. The compound, 2-fluorophenyl-5-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)benzimidazole (FMTMB), was determined as the most potent in the inhibition of H. pylori growth and pathogenesis of host cells. An in vitro H. pylori infection model revealed that FMTMB inhibited H. pylori adhesion and invasion of gastric epithelial cells. Results from this study provide evidence that F...

Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic atrophic gastritis and major cardiovascular events: A population-based cohort study

Atherosclerosis — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Objective: There is debate whether infection with Helicobacter (H.) pylori, the main inducer of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality.Methods: Serological measurements of H. pylori infection and pepsinogen (PG) I and II were obtained in a population-based German cohort of 9953 older adults (50–74 years). Cox regression was employed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality during five-year follow-up.Results: According to serology, 4977 participants (51.9%) were infected with H. pylori (2604 with cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) strains) and 541 (5.7%) had CAG (PGI (Source: Atherosclerosis)

Variation in number of cagA EPIYA-C phosphorylation motifs between cultured Helicobacter pylori and biopsy strain DNA.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 22:44:40 +0100

Authors: Karlsson A, Ryberg A, Nosouhi Dehnoei M, Borch K, Monstein HJ Abstract The Helicobacter pylori cagA gene encodes a cytotoxin which is activated by phosphorylation after entering the host epithelial cell. Phosphorylation occurs on specific tyrosine residues within EPIYA motifs in the variable 3'-region. Four different cagA EPIYA motifs have been defined according to the surrounding amino acid sequence; EPIYA-A, -B, -C and -D. Commonly, EPIYA-A and -B are followed by one or more EPIYA-C or -D motif. Due to observed discrepancies in cagA genotypes in cultured H. pylori and the corresponding DNA extracts it has been suggested that genotyping assays preferentially should be performed directly on DNA isolated from biopsy specimens. Gastric biopsies randomly selected from a Swedi...

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Risk Factors for Erosive Esophagitis and Barrett's Esophagus in a high Helicobacter pylori Prevalence Area.

Medicina (Kaunas) — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 10:12:03 +0100

CONCLUSIONS. The prevalence of EE was found to be low, and the prevalence of BE was found to be very low among routinely endoscoped patients in primary and secondary care settings in a Lithuanian rural area with high H. pylori prevalence. Increasing severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease was associated with the decreasing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori. PMID: 22123558 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Medicina (Kaunas))

Secular Trends in Helicobacter pylori Seroprevalence in Adults in the United States: Evidence for Sustained Race/Ethnic Disparities

American Journal of Epidemiology — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence levels in US adults participating in the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2000) increased with age in all racial/ethnic groups, with significantly higher age-standardized levels in Mexican Americans (64.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 58.8, 69.2) and non-Hispanic blacks (52.0%, 95% CI: 48.3, 55.7) compared with non-Hispanic whites (21.2%, 95% CI: 19.1, 23.2). Although seroprevalence levels remained similar to those found in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 1991 among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans, they were significantly lower in non-Hispanic whites, especially at older ages. The factors driving the decline in H. pylori seroprevalence appear to be acting preferentially on t...

Antioxidant activity of mume fructus extract

Journal of Food Biochemistry — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTWe have evaluated the antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of the water extract of Mume Fructus by applying various in vitro assays. We have determined total phenolic and flavonoid contents, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical (OH•), superoxide radical (O2‐•) and nitrite scavenging activities, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation and reducing power activity. The extract exhibited high scavenging activities on DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals with the IC50 of 0.40, 0.36, 1.75 and 1.60 mg/mL, respectively. The extract also showed nitrite scavenging and reducing power activity in a dose‐dependent manner. It inhibited 69.42% of linoleic acid oxidation at t...

Five methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori in the Turkish population.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The HpSA test is a rapid, simple, and noninvasive test for monitoring therapy. FISH is an accurate, rapid, cost-effective, and easy-to-use test for H. pylori detection. PMID: 22215941 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

Helicobacter pylori's virulence and infection persistence define pre-eclampsia complicated by fetal growth retardation.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Our data strongly indicate that persistent and virulent H. pylori infections cause or contribute to PE complicated by FGR, but not to PE without feto-placental compromise. PMID: 22215939 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

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Reply

Gastroenterology — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We thank Drs Das and Rajalingham for their interests and thoughtful comments on our article, and also would like to answer their questions and concerns on our paper. Peptic ulcers, especially duodenal ulcers, are common alimentary diseases with high prevalence. Although it has been clinically observed for many years that duodenal ulcer occurs more often in men than in women, the reason for these gender differences is not clear. Our present study demonstrates for the first time that estrogen regulates human duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS), which could reduce the risk for duodenal ulcer in women and contribute to gender differences in the prevalence of duodenal ulcer. We would like to stress here that the present experimental results obtained from the humans are consistent with the find...

Detecting H. Pylori and its Resistance to ClarithromycinDetecting H. Pylori and its Resistance to Clarithromycin

Medscape Today Headlines — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Is there a certain laboratory test that best detects proton pump inhibitor resistant H. pylori disease? BMC Gastroenterology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Antagonistic Activities of Lactobacilli against Helicobacter pylori Growth and Infection in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells

Journal of Food Science — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, the antagonistic activities of Lactobacillus gasseri Chen, and L. plantarum 18 were assessed by agar plate diffusion assay and tests that determined the growth and urease activity of Helicobacter pylori cocultured with lactobacilli and the adherence of H. pylori to human gastric epithelial cells in the presence of lactobacilli. The results showed that the 2 Lactobacillus strains had significant anti‐H.pylori activity, and this activity may be contributed by the cell‐free supernatants (CFS) of lactobacilli and live Lactobacillus strains in vitro. The antagonistic activity of the CFS against H. pylori depended on the pH and the presence of metabolites, such as organic acids and proteases. Our results also indicated that 2 Lactobacillus strains could inhibit H. pylori adher...

Pancreatic cancer: Helicobacter pylori colonization, N‐Nitrosamine exposures, and ABO blood group

Molecular Carcinogenesis — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 11:13:18 +0100

AbstractThirty years of research with animal models has shown that pancreatic adenocarcinoma is induced by N‐nitrosamine carcinogens, which damage DNA through adduct formation. Human risk factors for pancreatic cancer include gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori, as well as dietary intake of those same N‐nitrosamines or of nitrite which forms those N‐nitrosamines in the stomach, and cigarette smoking which also contains those N‐nitrosamines. Physiologic actions of H. pylori colonization enhance the carcinogenic effect of N‐nitrosamines delivered by smoking or dietary sources. This effect is modulated by host inflammatory response to the organism, by various virulence and other properties of the Helicobacter itself, and by host‐organism interactions. A recent genome‐wid...

The Effectiveness of Triple Therapy for Helicobacter PyloriThe Effectiveness of Triple Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Is triple therapy with proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics the best approach to treating H. pylori disease, or are there better options? Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to six antibiotics currently used in Spain

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Our study confirms an increasing rate of resistance to levofloxacin that equals that of clarithromycin in our healthcare area. This fact may reflect a wide and indiscriminate use of the former antibiotic and could account for a loss of clinical effectiveness of levofloxacin-containing regimens. Moreover, clarithromycin resistance rates remain stable, which could allow us to maintain its use in our area. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Bacterial Load and Degree of Gastric Mucosal Inflammation in Helicobacter pylori Infection

Digestive Diseases — Sun, 11 Dec 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Dig Dis 2011;29:592–599 (DOI:10.1159/000333260) (Source: Digestive Diseases)

Helicobacter pylori and Other Gastric Bacteria

Digestive Diseases — Sun, 11 Dec 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Dig Dis 2011;29:562–569 (DOI:10.1159/000332989) (Source: Digestive Diseases)

Coinfection of schistosoma (trematoda) with bacteria, protozoa and helminths.

Advances in Parasitology — Sun, 11 Dec 2011 19:12:02 +0100

Authors: Abruzzi A, Fried B Abstract This review examines coinfection of selected species of Schistosoma with bacteria, protozoa and helminths and focuses on the effects of the coinfection on the hosts. The review is based mainly on tables that contain the salient information on the coinfecting organisms in vertebrate hosts. Further explanation and clarification of the tables are given in the text. A table is also provided that gives synoptic information on the 37 species in the 19 genera considered in this review. Coinfection studies with Schistosoma species and the other organisms were considered in six tables plus the accompanying text. Considerations of the Schistosoma interactions with another species of organism include studies on coinfection with Plasmodium, with protozoa ot...

Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and oxidative burst inhibition by the naphthoquinone 5-methoxy-3,4-dehydroxanthomegnin from Paepalanthus latipes

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 07:07:12 +0100

In this study, we evaluated the anti-H. pylori and oxidative burst antioxidantactivitiesofa1,4-naphthoquinone-5-methoxy-3,4-dehydroxanthomegnin. Paepalanthus latipes The antimicrobial activity was assessed using a spectrophotometric microdilution technique, and antioxidant activity was assessed by noting the effect of 5-methoxy3,4-dehydroxanthomegnin on the neutrophil oxidative burst using luminol-and lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence. The results showed that 5-methoxy-3,4dehydroxanthomegnin is a potent anti-H. pylori compound (MIC 64 µg/mL and MBC 128 µg/mL) and a strong antioxidant. 5-Methoxy-3,4-dehydroxanthomegnin decreased luminol- and lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence, with ED50 values of 1.58±0.09 µg/mL and 5.4±0.15 µg/mL, respectively, reflecting an inhibitory effect ...

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Effectiveness of three times daily lansoprazole/amoxicillin dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in Korea

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 06:49:14 +0100

CONCLUSIONSBecause dual therapy had fewer side effects than triple therapy and a similar eradication rate, dual therapy may provide an acceptable alternative first line therapy for H. pylori eradication in Korea. (Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

Prevalence and distribution of Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA genotypes in the Moroccan population with gastric disease

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 06:42:34 +0100

Abstract Helicobacter pylori infection is the etiologic agent of various gastric pathologies. The severity of disease outcome has been attributed to some H. pylori genotypes, which varies geographically. In Morocco, there are no data regarding the pattern of H. pylori genotypes; therefore, this is the first prospective study conducted in our country to investigate the genotype profiles (vacA and cagA) of H. pylori in patients with gastric pain. Endoscopic biopsies were obtained in patients attending the gastroenterology department of the Hospital University Hassan II of Fez for gastric pain and were directly used for H. pylori detection and genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The SPSS software program was used to study the genotype correlation to different clinic...

Closing In On An Ulcer- And Cancer-Causing Bacterium

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 09:00:00 +0100

A research team led by scientists at the Chinese University of Hong Kong is releasing study results this week showing how a bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, that causes more than half of peptic ulcers worldwide and that has been implicated in stomach cancer has managed for eons to turn the acidic environment of the human gut into one in which it can thrive. Writing in a Journal of Biological Chemistry "Paper of the Week," the scientists say the information they have obtained about the pathogen's clever employment of acid neutralizers may inform those who are designing new drugs to blunt H... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Crystal Structure of Helicobacter pylori UreF-UreH Complex [Protein Structure and Folding]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Colonization of Helicobacter pylori in the acidic environment of the human stomach depends on the neutralizing activity of urease. Activation of apo-urease involves carboxylation of lysine 219 and insertion of two nickel ions. In H. pylori, this maturation process involves four urease accessory proteins as follows: UreE, UreF, UreG, and UreH. It is postulated that the apo-urease interacts with UreF, UreG, and UreH to form a pre-activation complex that undergoes GTP-dependent activation of urease. The crystal structure of the UreF-UreH complex reveals conformational changes in two distinct regions of UreF upon complex formation. First, the flexible C-terminal residues of UreF become ordered, forming an extra helix α10 and a loop structure stabilized by hydrogen bonds involving Arg-250. Sec...

How Helicobacter pylori Deals with Stomach Acid: Structure of the Urease Activation Complex♦ [Protein Structure and Folding]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

♦ See referenced article, J. Biol. Chem. 2011, 286, 43241–43249 Helicobacter pylori can cause stomach ulcers and cancer. The pathogenic bacterium survives in the acidic conditions of the human stomach by hydrolyzing urea into ammonia to neutralize stomach acid. Urease carries out the hydrolysis once it has been activated by four accessory proteins (UreE, UreF, UreH, and UreG), but how these accessory proteins perform the activation is not clear. In this Paper of the Week, Kam-Bo Wong and colleagues at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, King's College London, and the University of Hong Kong established the crystal structure of a complex formed by UreF and UreH. They found that the C-terminal residues of UreF are critical to form the complex. UreH induced conformational changes in UreF...

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Helicobacter pylori isolates from Greek children express type 2 and type 1 Lewis and α1,6-glucan antigens in conjunction with functional type IV secretion system.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Altman E, Chandan V, Harrison B, Panayotopoulou EG, Roma-Giannikou E, Li J, Sgouras D Abstract Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired in childhood and can persist for life. Previous studies in adult patients have shown that H. pylori isolates from North American and European hosts express predominantly type 2 Lewis x (Le(x)) and Le(y) epitopes, while Asian strains have the capacity to express type 1 Le(a) and Le(b) structures. In order to understand the influence of environmental and host factors on the expression of Le antigens we have analyzed 50 Greek H. pylori isolates from symptomatic children. Both CagA-positive and -negative strains were evaluated. The expression of Le antigens was determined by whole-cell indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (WCE), and LPS...

Prophylactic effect of glutamate on gastrointestinal damage.

Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 01:48:02 +0100

We examined whether dietary supplementation of glutamate prevents the Helicobacter pylori infection- and NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal damages in animal models. In this paper, we first review how these noxious agents develop gastrointestinal damages, and secondly discuss the possible candidates of protective factors as well as the mechanisms how glutamate prevents these gastrointestinal damages. We propose that our daily intake of glutamate has important roles in protecting the gastrointestinal mucosa against Helicobacter pylori and NSAIDs and possibly contributes to the maintenance of our healthy lives. PMID: 22129864 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan)

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma of the Lacrimal Gland: Sustained Remission after Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 16:10:27 +0100

We report a case of localized MALT lymphoma of the lacrimal gland, with prolonged sustained remission after eradication of gastric Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection. He sustains in remission of lacrimal MALT lymphoma for four years without chemotherapy or radiotherapy. (Source: Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and oxidative burst inhibition by the naphthoquinone 5-methoxy-3,4-dehydroxanthomegnin from Paepalanthus latipes

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 07:02:54 +0100

Anti‐tumour effects of small interfering RNA targeting anion exchanger 1 in experimental gastric cancer

British Journal of Pharmacology — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 06:58:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Knockdown of AE1 expression in gastric mucosa by administration of synthetic siRNAs significantly inhibits the growth of gastric cancer and decreases the detection rate of this tumour in experimental mice. These results suggest that AE1 is potentially a key therapeutic target and the silencing of AE1 expression in gastric mucosa could provide a new therapeutic approach for treating gastric cancer. (Source: British Journal of Pharmacology)

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Closing in on an ulcer- and cancer-causing bacterium

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) A research team led by scientists at the Chinese University of Hong Kong is releasing study results this week showing how a bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, that causes more than half of peptic ulcers worldwide and that has been implicated in stomach cancer has managed for eons to turn the acidic environment of the human gut into one in which it can thrive. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Effect of endoscopic screening at 1‐year intervals on the clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment of gastric cancer in South Korea

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Endoscopic screening for GC at 1‐year intervals would be beneficial for patients with severe IM in South Korea; this method could detect EGC for which the curative modality would be ESD. (Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology)

Asian Consensus Report on Functional Dyspepsia

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions This consensus developed by Asian experts shows distinctive features of functional dyspepsia in Asia and will provide a guide to the diagnosis and management of functional dyspepsia for Asian primary care physicians. (Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology)

JGHF Marshall & Warren Lecture: Anti‐platelet therapy and managing ulcer risk

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractLow‐dose aspirin (ASA) has emerged as one of the most important causes of peptic ulcer bleeding in developed countries. Among the risk factors of ASA‐associated ulcer bleeding, Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the few that is treatable. Recent evidence showed that among patients with a history of ASA‐associated ulcer bleeding, the long‐term incidence of recurrent bleeding with ASA use is low after eradication of H. pylori alone. Thus, test‐and‐treat H. pylori is a potentially useful strategy for ASA users with high ulcer risk. However, the risk of bleeding is further increased by combing other anti‐platelet drugs (e.g. clopidogrel) with ASA in acute coronary syndromes and coronary stent placement. There is good evidence that co‐therapy with a proton‐pump in...

Bacterial chemotaxis modulates host cell apoptosis to establish a T-helper cell, type 17 (Th17)-dominant immune response in Helicobacter pylori infection [Microbiology]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This report indicates that chemotaxis plays a role in enhancing apoptosis, suggesting bacterial chemotaxis systems might serve as therapeutic targets for infections whose symptoms arise from host cell apoptosis and tissue damage. (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

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The seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori and its relationship to malaria in Ugandan children

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 22:39:33 +0100

Summary: Helicobacter pylori epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among children, has been little investigated. A secondary endpoint of our study was to examine for associations between the seroprevalence of H. pylori and the incidence of malaria. We explored H. pylori prevalence by measuring serum IgG antibodies to H. pylori whole cell and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) antigens by ELISA in a longitudinal cohort of 200 Ugandan children, aged 1–10 years at enrollment, in whom malaria incidence was followed over 572 person-years. First-sample seroprevalence for H. pylori -specific IgG (63%) and for the H. pylori protein CagA (78.5%) were both high, and they were positively associated with advancing age (per each 1-year age increase, OR (95% CI): 1.60 (1.39–1.85), P (Sour...

Ten-year prospective follow-up of histological changes at five points on the gastric mucosa as recommended by the updated Sydney system after Helicobacter pylori eradication

Journal of Gastroenterology — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 06:33:09 +0100

Conclusion In 10 years after H. pylori eradication, atrophy at all sites and IM in the lesser curvature of the corpus gradually and significantly decreased. These results suggest that the improvement of gastric atrophy and IM might have association with the reduction of gastric cancer occurrence. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Article—Alimentary TractPages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00535-011-0504-9Authors Masaaki Kodama, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama-machi, Oita, 879-5593 JapanKazunari Murakami, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama-machi, Oita, 879-5593 JapanTadayoshi Okimoto, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama-machi, Oita, 87...

Performance of individual Helicobacter pylori antigens in the immunoblot‐based detection of H. pylori infection

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, using HP0175, p17, p19, CagA and VacA as LB substrates significantly improves the specificity of anti‐H. pylori IgG analysis, providing a reliable tool for (i) confirmation/refutation of ELISA‐based screening results and (ii) assessment of the CagA/VacA status. (Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology)

Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Brazil: clarithromycin is still a good option

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia — Sun, 04 Dec 2011 09:45:50 +0100

CONCLUSION: Due to the low amoxicillin and clarithromycin resistance observed in this study, therapies using these antimicrobials remain appropriated first-line H. pylori therapy.CONTEXTO: A susceptibilidade aos antibióticos é a pedra fundamental dos tratamentos de erradicação do Helicobacter pylori. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência da resistência primária do H. pylori aos antibióticos em uma população urbana do Brasil. MÉTODOS: As cepas do H. pylori foram obtidas de pacientes submetidos a endoscopia digestiva para avaliação de sintomas dispépticos. Biopsias do antro, corpo e fundo gástrico foram realizadas para determinar a susceptibilidade das cepas do H. pylori aos antibióticos. A concentração inibitória mínima da furazolidona e do bismuto foram determinadas rotineira...

Management of H. Pylori-associated Gastric MALT-lymphomaManagement of H. Pylori-associated Gastric MALT-lymphoma

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 11:50:20 +0100

This study explains. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Laparoscopic gastric pouch and remnant resection: a novel approach to refractory anastomotic ulcers after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Case report

BMC Surgery — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: By laparoscopic resection of the entire gastric pouch and the gastric remnant the risk to leave a suboptimally vascularised or even ischemic pouch in situ was avoided. The esophagojejunostomy was then created in healthy, good vascularised tissue. In our case this novel approach was effective in the management of a refractory anastomotic ulcer and might represent a rescue option when simple revision of the gastrojejunostomy fails. (Source: BMC Surgery)

Optimization Studies on Gastroretentive Floating System Using Response Surface Methodology.

AAPS PharmSciTech — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, it can be said that CCD is a valuable second-degree design to develop and optimize GFS of amoxicillin which in turn provides a basis to localize the drug release in the gastric region for effective treatment of H. pylori-mediated infection. PMID: 22135108 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: AAPS PharmSciTech)

Immunological features and the ability of inhibitory effects on enzymatic activity of an epitope vaccine composed of cholera toxin B subunit and B cell epitope from Helicobacter pylori urease A subunit.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we constructed an epitope vaccine with mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and an epitope (UreA(183-203)) of H. pylori urease A subunit named CTB-UA. The CTB-UA fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified protein was used for intraperitoneal immunization experiments in BALB/c mice. The experimental results indicated that anti-CTB-UA antibody could recognize both H. pylori urease A subunit (UreA) and urease B subunit (UreB). Besides, the CTB-UA epitope vaccine had good immunogenicity and immunoreactivity and could induce specific neutralizing antibodies which showed effectively inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activity of H. pylori urease. CTB-UA is a promising molecule to be investigated as H. pylori vaccine antigen candidate. PMID: 22...

Review article: rifabutin in the treatment of refractory Helicobacter pylori infection

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Rifabutin‐containing rescue therapy constitutes an encouraging strategy after multiple (usually three) previous eradication failures with key antibiotics such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline and levofloxacin. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Gained in translation: the importance of biologically relevant models of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer

Gut — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

The attributable risk of gastric cancer conferred by Helicobacter pylori ranges from 75% to more than 90% depending on H pylori prevalence; however, only a fraction of colonised persons ever develop neoplasia.1 2 Disease risk involves well-choreographed interactions between pathogen and host, which are dependent upon strain-specific bacterial factors as well as host genotypic traits, each of which can be amplified by the environment. In their paper published in Gut, Kwon et al provide fresh insights into the role of a tumour suppressor, vitamin D3 upregulated protein 1 (VDUP1), in H pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis (see page 53).3 Importantly, these investigators used multiple model systems to demonstrate that VDUP1 negatively regulates carcinogenesis induced by the combination of ...

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Vitamin D3 upregulated protein 1 deficiency promotes N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis in mice

Gut — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Our data show that VDUP1 negatively regulates H pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis, in part by disrupting cell growth and inhibiting the induction of TNFα, NF-B and COX-2. These findings provide important insights into the role of VDUP1 in H pylori-associated tumourigenesis. (Source: Gut)

The Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients

Transplantation Proceedings — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The frequency of transplant recipients with anti-HP IgG antibodies in our institution (47.3%) was not higher than that in the general population (almost 60% in Urmia). This rate was lower than reports from developing countries possibly due to better health and sanitation. (Source: Transplantation Proceedings)

Clinical Inquiry: Should you test for H pylori in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia?

The Journal of Family Practice — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lanier JB, Wilder L Abstract Possibly. Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of developing peptic ulcer disease, but there is no evidence that treating H pylori reduces that risk. PMID: 22163363 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Journal of Family Practice)

IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ Levels in Serum and Stomach Mucosa of Helicobacter Pylori-Infected Patients.

Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, the concentrations of selected cytokines in the gastric antrum and stomach body mucosa and also in the serum were evaluated. Eighty patients according to their rapid urease test were divided into two groups: H. pylori positive (n=39) and H. pylori-negative (n=41). The concentrations of cytokines in biopsies and serum were determined by ELISA method. The mean TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in the infected group were significantly higher than that of uninfected patients. In contrast, IL-10 level in most patients was undetectable. The mean antral of stomach TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher than that of the stomach body. IFN-γ serum level showed positive correlation with antrum and stomach body levels, whereas no correlation was found in TNF-α in different samples....

Virulence genotypes and drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori from Vladivostok, Russia: another feature in the Far East

Microbiology and Immunology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori in Vladivostok, Far Eastern Russia, were investigated during 2004–2009. The genotype cagA+vacA+ (s1/m1 or m2) accounted for 74.7%, with cagA−vacA+ (s2/m2) in 11.2%. The CagA EPIYA type was mainly Western ABC, with minor types (ABCCC and novel AAABC) or non‐Western/non‐East Asia type (AB). Regarding drug resistance, metronidazole resistance was the highest, with marked decrease in six years (from 71.4% to 30.8%); in stead, levofloxacin and clarithromycin resistance increased. The data indicate that in Vladivostok, H. pylori was mainly the Western (not East Asian) type and dynamic changes in drug resistance occurred during six years. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)

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Astaxanthin, cell membrane nutrient with diverse clinical benefits and anti-aging potential.

Alternative Medicine Review — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kidd P Abstract Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, is a nutrient with unique cell membrane actions and diverse clinical benefits. This molecule neutralizes free radicals or other oxidants by either accepting or donating electrons, and without being destroyed or becoming a pro-oxidant in the process. Its linear, polar-nonpolar-polar molecular layout equips it to precisely insert into the membrane and span its entire width. In this position, astaxanthin can intercept reactive molecular species within the membrane's hydrophobic interior and along its hydrophilic boundaries. Clinically, astaxanthin has shown diverse benefits, with excellent safety and tolerability. In double-blind, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), astaxanthin lowered oxidative stress in overweight and ...

Epstein-Barr virus DNA load and its association with Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases.

Braz J Infect Dis — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: There was a trend for higher EBV DNA load in H. pylori positive individuals suggesting a probable role of H. pylori in modulating the conversion of EBV to its lytic phase. PMID: 22218519 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Braz J Infect Dis)

Assessment of Helicobacter pylori eradication rate of triple combination therapy containing levofloxacin.

The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: It is observed that the efficacy of the triple therapy combination containing levofloxacin is not within acceptable limits for the first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication. PMID: 22287402 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology)

Effective administration method of intravenous proton pump inhibitor: A novel testing using a BRAVO catheterless pH monitoring system.

The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The effects of intravenous proton pump inhibitor were similar between the administration methods. Therefore, the repeated bolus injection method, which is relatively simple, is a good choice. Regarding the dose of intravenous pantoprazole, which is used after successful endoscopic hemostasis, 80 mg would be sufficient. We hope that this study encourages the use of the BRAVO catheterless pH monitoring system. PMID: 22287401 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology)