MedWorm: Herpes

Development and evaluation of a monolithic floating drug delivery system for acyclovir.

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 14:06:02 +0100

Authors: Tavakoli N, Varshosaz J, Dorkoosh F, Motaghi S, Tamaddon L Abstract Acyclovir (ACV), a model drug for this study, is one of the most effective drugs against viruses of the herpes group. Absorption of orally administered ACV is variable and incomplete, with a bioavailability of ca. 15-30%. The drug is absorbed in the duodenum after oral administration and hence, preparation of a floating drug delivery system (FDDS) for ACV may increase oral absorption of the drug. ACV matrix tablets (200 mg) containing an effervescent base (sodium bicarbonate and citric acid) and a binary combination of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K4M with carbopol or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na CMC) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and/or sodium alginate were prepared by the direct compressi...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Two distinct viral infections complicating pemphigus foliaceus.

Dermatol Online J — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 12:54:18 +0100

We describe a patient with pemphigus foliaceus who developed two distinct disseminated cutaneous viral infections. Our patient is an 83-year-old female with a recent diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus, who presented with painful ulcerations while on corticosteroids. Histopathology examination revealed disseminated herpes simplex virus (HSV). Despite adequate treatment with anti-herpetic treatment, some ulcerations failed to heal. A second biopsy revealed the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV). This was treated successfully with appropriate antiviral therapy. In patients with autoimmune bullous disease, the development of new skin pain or new constitutional symptoms, change in primary morphology, rapid disease progression, or failure to respond to appropriate therapies should prompt the clinic...

Zoster‐associated mononeuropathies (ZAMs): A retrospective series

Muscle and Nerve — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:While ZAM is an uncommon occurrence following cutaneous HZ, it is associated with significant weakness, high rates of post‐herpetic neuralgia, and prolonged morbidity. © 2012 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Muscle and Nerve)

Bioactive Compounds from Carissa spinarum

Phytotherapy Research — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In our continuing efforts to find new antiherpetic agents from plants, an extract prepared from the stems of Carissa spinarum L. was found to possess appreciable activity against herpes simplex viruses (HSV I and II). A chemical study of this plant was then initiated, and this led to the isolation of 12 compounds, including a coumarin, two cardiac glycosides and nine lignans. These isolated compounds were evaluated for several biological activities, including antiherpetic, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial effects. The cardiac glycoside evomonoside was found to be the only antiherpetic principle, showing moderate activity against herpes simplex virus types I and II in the inactivation method. The lignans (−)‐carinol, (−)‐carissanol and (−)‐nortrachelogenin exhibited cyto...

The Perinatal Infection of Cytomegalovirus Is an Important Etiology for Biliary Atresia in China

Clinical Pediatrics — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. Human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell is the target cell of HCMV. The etiology of biliary atresia is probably multifactorial. The perinatal infection of HCMV is one of the important etiologies for biliary atresia in China. (Source: Clinical Pediatrics)

Antiherpetic activity of a flavonoid fraction from Ocotea notata leaves

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 18:30:49 +0100

This study describes the isolation of a flavonoid fraction from leaves of Ocotea notata (Nees & Mart.) Mez, Lauraceae, the identification of six major compounds (an A-type proanthocyanidin trimer [3], isoquercitrin [4], reynoutrin [5], miquelianin [6], quercitrin [7], afzelin [8]) and four minor compounds (catechin [1], epicatechin [2], quercetin [9], kaempferol [10]) present in the fraction and its activity against the Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). The 50% effective concentrations values (EC50) calculated from the dose-response curve and the selectivity indices (SI) against the virus were: EC50 35.8 µg/mL and SI 5.5 to HSV-1 and EC50 23.5 µg/mL and SI 8.5 to HSV-2. The flavonoid fraction was more active against HSV-2 than HSV-1. The mechanisms of antiviral acti...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Improving rates of herpes zoster vaccination with a clinical decision support system in a primary care practice

Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Herpes zoster vaccination rate significantly improved with implementation of a web‐based clinical decision support system. (Source: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice)

Number of sex infections in over-45s doubles in 10 years due to rising divorce rates

the Mail online | Health — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 00:07:56 +0100

Cases of chlamydia and herpes have more than doubled in ten years, while syphilis – which was almost eradicated ten years ago – have risen fourfold. (Source: the Mail online | Health)

A pilot 24‐month study to compare mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus in the treatment of membranous lupus nephritis with nephrotic syndrome

Nephrology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Both MMF and Tac when combined with corticosteroids are effective treatment options for severe MLN.© 2012 The Authors. Nephrology © 2012 Asian Pacific Society of Nephrology (Source: Nephrology)

[Treatment of neuropathic pain with lacosamide].

Revista de Neurologia — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. Lacosamide can be an effective and well-tolerated alternative in the treatment of neuropathic pain and, moreover, its intravenous use can achieve pain control faster or be suitable when it is not tolerated orally. PMID: 22278893 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Revista de Neurologia)

Neonatal herpes: what lessons to learn.

Hong Kong Med J — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report two illustrative neonatal cases of herpesvirus infections with vesicular rashes. Such babies may be remarkably asymptomatic. A high index of suspicion leading to a prompt diagnosis, timely quarantine measures, and institution of antiviral treatment are pivotal for desirable outcomes. PMID: 22302914 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Hong Kong Med J)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Ascitic fluid due to type II herpes simplex virus infection: Report of a case with immunocytochemical confirmation

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 06:31:20 +0100

This report highlights that the presence of abundant cell debris, degenerative cells and apoptotic bodies, and the absence of vivid mesothelial cells are the key cytological findings to suspect HSV peritonitis, and the diagnosis can be confirmed by careful surveillance for characteristic nuclear findings of single or multinucleated cells. The frequency of opportunistic infection is increased because of the increased numbers of iatrogenic immunocompromised patients as seen in this case, therefore, cytological examination is a useful method for early detection of the causative agent of peritonitis including HSV. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011; © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Diagnostic Cytopathology)

The roles of self‐efficacy and pretest counseling in type 2 herpes simplex virus screening in asymptomatic adults

Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The overwhelming majority of participants were (a) willing to undergo screening; (b) take suppressive antiviral medication if necessary; (c) share their results with sexual partners; and (d) consider safer sexual practices as a consequence of screening. Older patients were less willing to consider daily antiviral medication. Men who have sex with men (MSM) had lower perceived susceptibility to HSV‐2 but were more likely to undergo and report screening.Implications for practice: Future research should include predictive models for determining the most appropriate patients to screen for HSV‐2 and best practices for those who test positive. Shared decision making between patients and advanced practice nurses regarding the risks and benefits of screening for HSV‐2 should be ...

Virus outbreak in Riverside, Orange counties worries horse owners

Los Angeles Times - Science — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Animals had to be euthanized in Indio and San Juan Capistrano because of the equine herpes virus-1. Both sites have been placed under quarantine by state veterinarians.An outbreak of a deadly virus has horse trainers and owners in Riverside and Orange counties fearful for the health of their animals. (Source: Los Angeles Times - Science)

Acute retinal necrosis in the United Kingdom: results of a prospective surveillance study

Eye — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Authors: T F Cochrane, G Silvestri, C McDowell, B Foot & C E McAvoy (Source: Eye)

Antitumor efficacy of oncolytic herpes simplex virus adsorbed onto antigen-specific lymphocytes

Cancer Gene Therapy — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: A Kanzaki, H Kasuya, K Yamamura, T T Sahin, N Nomura, T Shikano, T Shirota, G Tan, S Fukuda, M Misawa, Y Nishikawa, S Yamada, T Fujii, H Sugimoto, S Nomoto, S Takeda, Y Kodera & A Nakao (Source: Cancer Gene Therapy)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Recombinant Cell Lines Expressing shRNA Targeting Herpes Simplex Virus 2 VP16 Inhibit Virus Replication

Intervirology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Intervirology (DOI:10.1159/000335663) (Source: Intervirology)

Employment related productivity loss associated with herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: A 6-month prospective study.

Vaccine — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Drolet M, Levin MJ, Schmader KE, Johnson R, Oxman MN, Patrick D, Fournier SO, Mansi JA, Brisson M Abstract We conducted a prospective multi-center study to assess productivity loss associated with herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). From 10/2005 to 07/2006, we recruited immunocompetent subjects aged ≥50 years with HZ within 14 days of rash onset across Canada. Of the 249 patients recruited, 88 were employed. Data on employment status, absences from work, reasons for absence and effectiveness at work were documented at recruitment, 7-14-21-30-60-90-120-150 and 180 days later. The majority (64%) of employed subjects missed work because of HZ and 76% reported decreased effectiveness at work (i.e. presenteeism) because of HZ/PHN. Mean hours of absenteeism an...

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Is Not Just for the ElderlyHerpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Is Not Just for the Elderly

Medscape Today Headlines — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 17:04:54 +0100

How have the chicken pox and shingles vaccines affected the incidence and severity of herpes zoster ophthalmicus? Medscape Ophthalmology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Infliximab: Protracted herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: case report

Reactions — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 18:35:21 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Frequent detection of IgM anti‐herpes simplex viral antibody in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

Hepatology — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Hepatology)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Herpes simplex virus-1 disarms the unfolded protein response in the early stages of infection.

Cell Stress and Chaperones — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Burnett HF, Audas TE, Liang G, Lu RR Abstract Accumulation of mis- and unfolded proteins during viral replication can cause stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR). If unchecked, this process may induce cellular changes detrimental to viral replication. In the report, we investigated the impact of HSV-1 on the UPR during lytic replication. We found that HSV-1 effectively disarms the UPR in early stages of viral infection. Only ATF6 activation was detected during early infection, but with no upregulation of target chaperone proteins. Activity of the eIF2α/ATF4 signaling arm increased at the final stage of HSV-1 replication, which may indicate completion of virion assembly and egress, thus releasing suppression of the UPR. We...

BET 3: Can pregabalin effectively diminish acute herpetic pain and reduce the incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia?

Herpes — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 03:32:23 +0100

Authors: Abstract A short cut review was carried out to establish whether pregabalin can reduce acute herpetic pain and reduce post herpetic neuralgia. 48 papers were found using the reported searches, of which one presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of this best paper are tabulated. It is concluded that pregabalin does not seem to decrease the intensity of pain related to acute herpes zoster. Moreover, it does not decrease the incidence of post herpetic neuralgia. More research is. PMID: 22241695 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Herpes)

Determinants of Per-Coital-Act HIV-1 Infectivity Among African HIV-1-Serodiscordant Couples.

Herpes — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 03:32:13 +0100

Conclusions. Modifiable risk factors for HIV-1 transmission were plasma HIV-1 RNA level and condom use, and, in HIV-1-uninfected partners, herpes simplex virus 2 infection, genital ulcers, Trichomonas vaginalis, vaginitis or cervicitis, and male circumcision. PMID: 22241800 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Herpes)

Case report: Benefits of quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the clinical management of herpes simplex virus 1 infection with prominent hepatitis and unusual secondary progression.

Herpes — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 03:31:54 +0100

Authors: Chaillon A, Schnepf N, Jonas M, Mondon K, Orain I, Lioger B, Cottier JP, Hommet C, Goudeau A Abstract Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of severe acute hepatitis and disseminated infection in immunocompetent adults. A case of disseminated HSV-1 infection in an 82-year-old woman initially presenting with neurological problems, signs of meningitis and prominent hepatitis was investigated. Initial diagnosis, monitoring, and follow-up were based on the application of molecular methods to cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and liver tissue samples from this patient. Following an initial full recovery, the patient presented delayed intracerebral haemorrhage and diffuse arthralgia. This atypical case, with delayed secondary progressi...

Prevalence and Concordance of HPV, HIV, and HSV-2 in Heterosexual Couples in Kigali, Rwanda.

Herpes — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 03:31:34 +0100

CONCLUSION: : More than half of the couples were discordant for HIV, HPV, and/or HSV-2, indicating that prevention strategies directed to infected cases are important to protect their uninfected sexual partners. PMID: 22249302 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Herpes)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Infection in a Contemporary Cohort of HIV-Infected Persons in the United States.

Herpes — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 03:31:23 +0100

CONCLUSION:: HSV-2 seroprevalence is 3 times as high among HIV-infected adults as in the general US population. Clinicians should be aware that increased risk for HSV-2 infection was distributed broadly among HIV-infected persons and not limited to those with high-risk sexual behaviors. PMID: 22249305 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Herpes)

The management of EGFR inhibitor adverse events: a case series and treatment paradigm.

Herpes — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 03:31:03 +0100

Conclusion The most common cutaneous adverse event in our cohort was papulopustular rash, followed by eczema and xerosis. Patients were managed with symptom target therapy, and suspension of the EGFR inhibitor was rarely required. As the use of EGFR inhibitors increases, it is important to promptly identify and treat adverse events. Further studies are necessary to develop targeted therapeutic and preventative measures. PMID: 22250636 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Herpes)

Potential Infectious Etiology of Behçet's Disease.

Herpes — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 03:30:02 +0100

Authors: Galeone M, Colucci R, D'Erme AM, Moretti S, Lotti T Abstract Behçet's disease is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. The cause of Behçet's disease remains unknown, but epidemiologic findings suggest that an autoimmune process is triggered by an environmental agent in a genetically predisposed individual. An infectious agent could operate through molecular mimicry, and subsequently the disease could be perpetuated by an abnormal immune response to an autoantigen in the absence of ongoing infection. Potentia bacterial are Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mycobacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycoplasma fermentans, but the most...

Roles of the nuclear lamina in stable nuclear association and assembly of a herpesviral transactivator complex on viral immediate-early genes.

Herpes — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 03:30:02 +0100

In this study, we examined the mechanism of this effect and found that input virion transactivator protein, virion protein 16 (VP16), targets sites adjacent to the nuclear lamina and is required for targeting of the HSV genome to the nuclear lamina, exclusion of heterochromatin from viral replication compartments, and reduction of heterochromatin on the viral genome. Because cells infected with the VP16 mutant virus in1814 showed a phenotype similar to that of lamin A/C(-/-) cells infected with wild-type virus, we hypothesized that the nuclear lamina is required for VP16 activator complex formation. In lamin A/C(-/-) mouse embryo fibroblasts, VP16 and Oct-1 showed reduced association with the viral IE gene promoters, the levels of VP16 and HCF-1 stably associated with the nucleus were lowe...

Complicated secondary pneumonia after Swine-origin influenza a virus infection in an immunocompetent patient.

Herpes — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 03:30:02 +0100

We report an immunocompetent patient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Herpes simplex virus (HSV) pneumonia secondary to S-OIV infection. A 57-year-old man previously without major medical illness was admitted to our hospital with severe pneumonia accompanied by ARDS due to S-OIV. In his clinical course, anti-influenza treatment was not effective. Sputum culture revealed the presence of MRSA, and HSV was isolated in broncho-alveoler lavage (BAL) fluid. Administration of an antiviral agent (acyclovir), an antibacterial agent (linezolid), and a corticosteroid (methylprednisolone) successfully improved the pneumonia and ARDS. HSV pneumonia can scarcely be seen in healthy people. However recently it has been recognized as a ventilator-associated pneumonia. Although co...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

TENS - an alternative to antiviral drugs for acute herpes zoster treatment and postherpetic neuralgia prevention.

Herpes — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 03:30:02 +0100

CONCLUSION: Study suggests TENS may be safe adjunct or even alternative to antiviral drugs for treatment of acute HZ. It looks that TENS may be at least as good as antiviral drugs for treatment of HZ, and it may be better in reducing and preventing PHN - such conclusion would necessitate controlled, prospective study. Use of TENS provided pain relief and resolution of skin lesions with no higher rate of other HZ complications compared to antiviral therapy. PMID: 22250036 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Herpes)

The role of sexually transmitted infections in the evolution of the South African HIV epidemicRôle des infections sexuellement transmissibles dans l’évolution de l’épidémie du VIH en Afrique du sudEl papel de las infecciones de transmisión sexual en la evolución de la epidemia de VIH en Sudáfrica

Tropical Medicine and International Health — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 09:54:07 +0100

Conclusions Sexually transmitted infections have contributed significantly to the spread of HIV in South Africa, but STI control efforts have had limited impact on HIV incidence because of their late introduction and suboptimal coverage.Objectifs: Evaluer la mesure dans laquelle les infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) ont contribuéà la propagation du VIH en Afrique du sud et estimer dans quelle mesure des améliorations dans le traitement des IST ont réduit l’incidence du VIH.Méthodes: Un modèle mathématique a été utilisé pour simuler les interactions entre le VIH et six autres IST (herpès génital, syphilis, chancre mou, blennorragie, infection à Chlamydia et à Trichomonas) ainsi que la vaginose bactérienne et la candidose vaginale. Les effets des IST sur ...

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) without effusion: a patient case report of a PEL solid variant

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We present a case of PEL confirmed by pathology without effusion in a 38-year-old man at initial HIV diagnosis. A 38-year-old man presented with a right axillary swelling, restricted arm movement and chest pain for 3 weeks. He reported weight loss of 4 kg and night sweat without fever and/or chills. On physical examination, we found enlarged neck and axillary lymph nodes with a diameter of 3 cm, movable and hard presentation without tenderness. Elevation of the right shoulder was restricted to 20° with intact circulation and sensitivity. Lab reports showed a haemoglobin value of 7.8 g/dl, albumin 3.4 g/dl, lactate dehydrogenase 255 U/l and creatinine 1.6 mg/dl. Total serum protein was elevated to... (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology)

A major locus on chromosome 3p22 conferring predisposition to human herpesvirus 8 infection

European Journal of Human Genetics — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Vincent Pedergnana, Antoine Gessain, Patricia Tortevoye, Minji Byun, Delphine Bacq-Daian, Anne Boland, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Laurent Abel & Sabine Plancoulaine (Source: European Journal of Human Genetics)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 induces nuclear accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in neuronal cells

Journal of Neuroscience Research — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) is a neurotropic virus that remains latent in host neurons. Viral DNA replication is a highly structured process in which the redistribution of nuclear proteins plays an important role. Although tau is most widely known as a microtubule‐associated protein found in a hyperphosphorylated state in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), this protein has also been detected at other sites such as the nucleolus. Here, we establish that HSV‐1 infection gives rise to an increase in tau phosphorylation and that hyperphosphorylated tau accumulates in the nucleus, forming defined structures in HSV‐1‐infected neuronal cells reminiscent of the common sites of viral DNA replication. When tau expression in human neuroblastoma cells was s...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Herpes simplex virus type 1 induces nuclear accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in neuronal cells.

Herpes — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Alvarez G, Aldudo J, Alonso M, Santana S, Valdivieso F Abstract Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus that remains latent in host neurons. Viral DNA replication is a highly structured process in which the redistribution of nuclear proteins plays an important role. Although tau is most widely known as a microtubule-associated protein found in a hyperphosphorylated state in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), this protein has also been detected at other sites such as the nucleolus. Here, we establish that HSV-1 infection gives rise to an increase in tau phosphorylation and that hyperphosphorylated tau accumulates in the nucleus, forming defined structures in HSV-1-infected neuronal cells reminiscent of the common sites of viral DNA repl...

Unusual presentation of MALT lymphoma as diffuse gastric erythema

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 22:04:55 +0100

A 59-year-old white man was admitted with sudden onset of dysphagia, nausea, and vomiting. He had no abdominal pain, fever, night sweats, or weight loss. Physical examination and basic blood tests showed normal results. EGD revealed multiple distal esophageal ulcers ( ) and Candida esophagitis. The stomach and duodenum were unremarkable. There was no evidence of HIV, cytomegalovirus, or herpes simplex virus infection. His symptoms improved with acid suppression and antifungal therapy. EGD 2 months later revealed a normal esophagus and diffuse erythema in the gastric fundus and body resembling portal hypertensive gastropathy ( ). Gastric biopsy, however, showed MALT lymphoma ( ) with strong CD20 immunohistochemistry staining, but no evidence of Helicobacter pylori infection. A 10-day course...

The management of EGFR inhibitor adverse events: a case series and treatment paradigm

International Journal of Dermatology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 17:44:18 +0100

Lose Half Your Brain and You Might Feel Better

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 11:18:22 +0100

Hello readers! Happy New Year and all that. I took a few weeks off for the holidays and went to visit family and friends back in Toronto. It was a time of heart-warming reconnection with people I've known for much of my life. But it was also a time of anxiety and sadness: loss, disappointment, regret -- all part of the package. Hence the topic of today's post...read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

Botulinum toxin in the treatment of facial synkinesis and hyperkinesis

The Laryngoscope — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:This work stresses the importance of considering synkinesis and hyperkinesis separately because they are different conditions. These two symptoms showed improvement after botulinum toxin treatment, but only hyperkinesis showed a positive correlation when objective and subjective evaluations were performed. This treatment is effective in the management of facial synkinesis and hyperkinesis due to facial palsy, thus improving quality of life. It is a safe, minimally invasive treatment that can be repeated. (Source: The Laryngoscope)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Botulinum toxin in the treatment of facial synkinesis and hyperkinesis.

Herpes — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This work stresses the importance of considering synkinesis and hyperkinesis separately because they are different conditions. These two symptoms showed improvement after botulinum toxin treatment, but only hyperkinesis showed a positive correlation when objective and subjective evaluations were performed. This treatment is effective in the management of facial synkinesis and hyperkinesis due to facial palsy, thus improving quality of life. It is a safe, minimally invasive treatment that can be repeated. PMID: 22252570 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Herpes)

Response to Intra-Arterial Oncolytic Virotherapy with the Herpes Virus NV1020 Evaluated by [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography

Human Gene Therapy — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 16:52:53 +0100

Human Gene Therapy Jan 2012, Vol. 23, No. 1: 91-97. (Source: Human Gene Therapy)

Case report: Benefits of quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the clinical management of herpes simplex virus 1 infection with prominent hepatitis and unusual secondary progression

Journal of Medical Virology — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 07:19:35 +0100

AbstractHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of severe acute hepatitis and disseminated infection in immunocompetent adults. A case of disseminated HSV‐1 infection in an 82‐year‐old woman initially presenting with neurological problems, signs of meningitis and prominent hepatitis was investigated. Initial diagnosis, monitoring, and follow‐up were based on the application of molecular methods to cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and liver tissue samples from this patient. Following an initial full recovery, the patient presented delayed intracerebral haemorrhage and diffuse arthralgia. This atypical case, with delayed secondary progression, highlights the wide range of clinical features of HSV infection and the benefits of monitoring vira...

Possible effects of anaesthetic management on the 1 yr followed-up risk of herpes zoster after Caesarean deliveries

British Journal of Anaesthesia — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions In this series, there was a small increased risk of herpes zoster in the year after Caesarean delivery with general anaesthesia. Future studies are needed to further investigate these findings. (Source: British Journal of Anaesthesia)

Burkitt lymphoma: the role of Epstein‐Barr virus revisited

British Journal of Haematology — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

SummaryThe particular epidemiological features of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in Tropical Africa, first described by Denis Burkitt in 1958, initiated the search for a virus that induces malignant B cell lymphomas in humans and is transmitted by arthropods. The herpes virus (Epstein‐Barr virus, EBV) discovered by Epstein and collaborators in cell lines established from BL biopsies fulfilled some of these predictions. It drives primary B cells into unlimited proliferation, induces malignant B cell lymphomas in immunocompromised individuals (post‐transplant lympho‐proliferative disease, PTLD) in vivo, and footprints of the virus are generally detected in African BL biopsies supporting a causative role of the virus in the pathogenesis of BL. The virus is, however, not transmitted by arthropods...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Cytomegalovirus associated corneal endotheliitis after penetrating keratoplasty in a patient with Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy

British Journal of Ophthalmology — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Corneal endotheliitis, a specific inflammation targeted primarily to the corneal endothelium, is characterised by cornea oedema, keratic precipitates (KPs) and a mild anterior chamber reaction.1–3 Several viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), mumps and cytomegatovirus (CMV), have been implicated in the aetiology of the disease.1–3 Based on its definition, allograft endothelial rejection after keratoplasty can be included in the corneal endotheliitis. Here, we report a patient with corneal endotheliitis occurring after penetrating keratoplasty for Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy. Case report A 65-year-old Taiwanese female without previous ocular illness but arrhythmias and mitral valve prolapse history presented with progressive corneal...

Virology: Back to the HSV drawing board

Nature Reviews Microbiology — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Nature Reviews Microbiology 10, 82 (2012). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2744 Author: Sheilagh Molloy The results of a large-scale double-blind, randomized field trial of a glycoprotein D (gD)-based vaccine against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) have been reported in the New England Journal of Medicine and, to the surprise of many in the field, have proved disappointing. (Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology)

Negative regulation-resistant p53 variant enhances oncolytic adenoviral gene therapy.

Herpes — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Koo T, Choi IK, Kim M, Lee JS, Oh E, Kim J, Yun CO Abstract Intact p53 function is essential for responsiveness to cancer therapy. However, p53 activity is attenuated by the proto-oncoprotein Mdm2, the adenovirus protein E1B-55kD, and the p53 C-terminal domain. To confer resistance to Mdm2, E1B-55kD, and C-terminal negative regulation, we generated a p53 variant (p53VPΔ30) by deleting the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of wild-type (wt) p53 and inserting the transcriptional activation domain of herpes simplex virus VP16 protein. The oncolytic adenovirus vector Ad-mΔ19 expressing p53VPΔ30 (Ad-m19/p53VPΔ30) showed greater cytotoxicity than Ad-mΔ19 expressing wt p53 or other p53 variants in human cancer cell lines. We found that Ad-m∆19/p53VPΔ30 induced apopt...

Lactoferricin but not lactoferrin inhibit herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in mice.

Antiviral Research — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Shestakov A, Jenssen H, Nordström I, Eriksson K Abstract We have evaluated the potential of bovine lactoferrin and lactoferricin for their ability to prevent and/or treat genital HSV-2 infection in mice. We confirm previous data showing that both lactoferrin and lactoferricin have antiviral properties in vitro and can inhibit HSV-2 infection of GMK cells in a dose-dependent manner. When tested in vivo, lactoferricin but not lactoferrin was also a potent inhibitor of HSV-2 infection. When admixed with virus prior to inoculation, lactoferricin inhibited disease development and significantly reduced the viral load in a genital model of HSV-2 infection in mice. Lactoferrin and lactoferricin were also tested for their ability to stimulate the production of chemokines. Neither ...

What role should criminal justice play in the fight against STIs?

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Sun, 15 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Can criminal justice make a positive contribution to the way states respond to sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? Sections 18 and 20 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 make it an offence punishable by imprisonment to inflict recklessly or cause intentionally any sort of grievous bodily harm. If particular STIs (such as herpes or HIV, the two infections to have attracted the attention of English criminal prosecutors to date) are harms to be taken at least as seriously as a broken leg then it makes sense to a criminal lawyer to treat both its intentional and ‘reckless’ transmission as a criminal offence.1 2 It comes, therefore, as something of a surprise to some lawyers that so much of the reaction amongst healthcare practitioners and public health policy-makers to ...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

The association of depression, risky sexual behaviours and herpes simplex virus type 2 in adults in NHANES, 2005-2008

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Sun, 15 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Risky sexual behaviour is related to current depression in adult women. Healthcare providers should be aware of this association and its potential implications in order to deliver better care for patients with depression or sexually transmitted infections. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Herpes zoster vax cost effective in older adults in Belgium?

PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News — Sun, 15 Jan 2012 04:11:42 +0100

(Source: PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News)

Genetically Engineered Herpes Simplex Virus Expressing IL-12 Suppresses Murine Neuroblastoma Tumor Growth

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:28:57 +0100

(Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

Evidence of alphaherpesvirus infections in Alaskan caribou and reindeer

BMC Veterinary Research - Latest articles — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study shows that Alaskan reindeer and Caribou are infected with an alphaherpesvirus. Based on sequence similarity, CvHV-2 is the most likely virus. Further studies should be conducted to determine the impact of this infection on the health of these animals. (Source: BMC Veterinary Research - Latest articles)

Poor neurological sequelae of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in an infant despite adequate antiviral and adjunct corticosteroid therapy

Indian Journal of Dermatology — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Ratna B Basak, Varsha Malpani, Khalid Kakish, Susan Vargese, Nageshwar Chauhan, Andreas BoeckIndian Journal of Dermatology 2011 56(6):749-751A 2-month-old infant presented to our emergency department with fever, altered consciousness, and focal seizures of acute onset. He had vesicular skin lesions over the right preauricular region. CT brain showed a large hypodense lesion involving the left temporo-parietal region, left basal ganglia and left thalamus. MRI brain revealed bilateral multifocal corticomedullary lesions suggestive of encephalitis. CSF-PCR was positive for herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I. He was treated with standard dose intravenous acyclovir for 15 days along with a trial of pulse methylprednisolone, but was readmitted within a week with features of an early relapse. The ...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Localized bullous eruptions away from infusion site due to intravenous acyclovir administration in a child

Indian Journal of Pharmacology — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Asuman Gurkan, Nilgun Erkek, Saliha SenelIndian Journal of Pharmacology 2012 44(1):126-128Acyclovir is an antiviral agent against herpes virus. Its local adverse effects are common and typically consist of inflammation or phlebitis at the site of intravenous infusion. Here we present a child with bullous eruptions away from infusion site due to acyclovir administration. It is exceptionally rare with only one adult case has been reported to date. (Source: Indian Journal of Pharmacology)

Evidence of alphaherpesvirus infections in Alaskan caribou and reindeer.

Herpes — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that Alaskan reindeer and Caribou are infected with an alphaherpesvirus. Based on sequence similarity, CvHV-2 is the most likely virus. Further studies should be conducted to determine the impact of this infection on the health of these animals. PMID: 22243919 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Herpes)

A review of the cytomorphology of epstein-barr virus-associated malignancies.

Herpes — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 11:30:16 +0100

Authors: Michelow P, Wright C, Pantanowitz L Abstract The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the herpes family of viruses and is very common in humans. EBV is most often associated with infectious mononucleosis. However, it is estimated that 1% of tumors including lymphoproliferative, epithelial and mesenchymal are linked to EBV infection. EBV has a tropism for certain epithelial cells, lymphocytes and myocytes. Like other herpesviruses, EBV has both lytic and latent phases of infection. In the latent form, EBV-encoded genes ensure the survival of the viral genome, allowing it to circumvent the host's immune surveillance by limited expression of viral proteins and carries with it the risk of neoplastic transformation. Cytologists are likely to encounter EBV-associated malignan...

Interferon and Biologic Signatures in Dermatomyositis Skin: Specificity and Heterogeneity across Diseases.

Herpes — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 11:30:16 +0100

CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: As in the blood and muscle, DM skin is characterized by an overwhelming presence of an IFN signature, although it is difficult to conclusively define this response as type I or type II. Understanding the significance of the IFN signature in this wide array of inflammatory diseases will be furthered by identification of the nature of the cells that both produce and respond to IFN, as well as which IFN subtype is biologically active in each diseased tissue. PMID: 22235269 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Herpes)

Complications of chemotherapy in neuro-oncology.

Herpes — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 11:30:16 +0100

Authors: Marosi C Abstract The persisting reservation against the use of chemotherapy in patients with malignant glioma was finally overcome by the breakthrough achieved with the use of the oral alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) as concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The basic condition for an effective systemic drug therapy against malignant glioma is that the drug be able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the brain-tumor barrier. Drugs crossing the BBB have to be nonpolar, small molecules with a molecular weight of less than 500Da, to bear no electrical charge, or to be able to use active transport mechanisms, as the BBB is functional in the peripheral growing areas of GBM. The prerequisite of liposolubi...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Gene therapy.

Herpes — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 11:30:16 +0100

Authors: Gomez-Manzano C, Jiang H, Alonso M, Yung WK, Fueyo J Abstract During the last 10 years, gene therapy for brain tumors has known peaks and valleys. The first attempts to induce therapeutic effect, using retrovirus to transduce the HSV-TK gene and adenovirus to transfer wild-type p53 cDNA, failed significantly to improve the survival of the patients. In both cases, the failure was attributed to vector deficiencies, also termed the 'vector gap'. To address the problem of delivery, investigators have moved from replication-deficient vectors to replication-competent, tumor-selective viruses. These viruses are currently being tested in the clinical setting. In this review, we discuss the progress made with herpes simplex viruses (G207), reoviruses that naturally target Ras pathw...

The relationship between age of coital debut and HIV seroprevalence among women in Durban, South Africa: a cohort study.

Herpes — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 11:30:16 +0100

Conclusions The association of HIV status with younger age at sexual debut may likely due to an increased number of lifetime partners. This increase could result from longer duration of sexual life. Prevention of HIV infection should include efforts to delay age at first sex in young women. Trial registration number NCT00121459. PMID: 22223838 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Herpes)

The soluble amino-terminal region of HVEM mediates efficient herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of gD receptor-negative cells

Virology Journal — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results suggest that the C-terminal portion of the soluble HVEM ectodomain inhibits gD activation and that this effect is neutralized in the full-length form of HVEM in normal infection. (Source: Virology Journal)

Combination of antiretroviral drugs as microbicides.

Current HIV Research — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Balzarini J, Schols D Abstract Tenofovir, a highly prescribed drug for the treatment of HIV/AIDS infections, has recently also shown its effectiveness as a potential topical microbicide drug in the prevention of HIV transmission. Here, we discuss the combination of tenofovir with variousother antiretrovirals (ARV) highlighting the large class of carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) targeting the glycans on the viral envelope gp120 for their anti-HIV activity and their favorable combinatory potential.Thetenofovir/CBA and several other ARV combinations consistently showed synergistic antiviral activities. Also combinations of other classes of ARV such as receptor (i.e. CD4, CXCR4 and CCR5) inhibitors, various monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)directed against the HIV envelope gp120 ...

HTLV-1 bZIP factor impairs cell-mediated immunity by suppressing production of Th1 cytokines

Blood — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study shows that HBZ inhibits CD4 T-cell responses by directly interfering with the host cell-signaling pathway, resulting in impaired cell-mediated immunity in vivo. (Source: Blood)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immunity in subjects with herpes zoster.

Journal of Immunological Methods — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Otani N, Yamanishi K, Sakaguchi Y, Imai Y, Shima M, Okuno T Abstract Though cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is critical for prevention of the onset of herpes zoster (HZ), clinicians currently lack a simplified procedure to monitor CMI. We have recently developed an assay, called the IFN-γ release assay, and showed that it is a simple and reliable method to determine VZV-specific CMI. In the present study, we applied an IR assay to measure the VZV-specific CMI of patients with HZ. VZV-specific CMI levels were significantly high at the onset of the disease, but were decreased several weeks later. In contrast, CMI VZV-specific antibody titers increased in convalescent phase compared to those in acute phase. Thus, this technology is likely to...

Resistance to HSV-1 infection in the epithelium resides with the novel innate sensor, IFI-16.

Herpes — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report that TLR signaling is expendable in herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 containment as depicted by plaque assays of knockout mice (MyD88(-/-), Trif(-/-) and MyD88(-/-) Trif(-/-) double knockout) resembling wild-type controls. To identify the key sentinel in viral recognition of the cornea, in vivo knockdown of the DNA sensor IFI-16/p204 in the corneal epithelium was performed and resulted in a loss of IFN-regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) nuclear translocation, interferon-α production, and viral containment. The sensor seems to have a similar function in other HSV clinically relevant sites such as the vaginal mucosa in which a loss of p204/IFI-16 results in significantly more HSV-2 shedding. Thus, we have identified an IRF-3-dependent, IRF-7- and TLR-independent innate sensor responsible for...

BET 3: Can pregabalin effectively diminish acute herpetic pain and reduce the incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia?

Emergency Medicine Journal — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether pregabalin can reduce acute herpetic pain and reduce post herpetic neuralgia. 48 papers were found using the reported searches, of which one presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of this best paper are tabulated. It is concluded that pregabalin does not seem to decrease the intensity of pain related to acute herpes zoster. Moreover, it does not decrease the incidence of post herpetic neuralgia. More research is. (Source: Emergency Medicine Journal)

Herpes simplex serious neurological disease in young children: incidence and long-term outcome

Archives of Disease in Childhood — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The incidence of HSV-induced serious neurological disease in the UK was estimated at 1 in 64 000/year in younger children and 1 in 230 000 in older children. HSV CNS infection has clinical effects ranging from frank encephalitis to severe illness with fever and convulsions to milder disease lacking encephalopathy. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood)

Vaccine prevents HSV-1 but not HSV-2 infection

MedWire News - Ob/Gyn — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Researchers have found that an investigational vaccine prevents herpes simplex virus type 1, but not HSV-2 infection. (Source: MedWire News - Ob/Gyn)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Immunogenicity of a Bovine Herpes Virus I Peptide Expressed in Tandem Copies in Attenuated Salmonella

Viral Immunology — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 20:18:24 +0100

Viral Immunology , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Viral Immunology)

Enveloped virus but not bacteria block IL‐13 responses in human cord blood T‐cells in vitro

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: These data imply that enveloped virus can deviate Th2 responses in human cord T‐cells. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)

If herpes does not heal … change strategy!

Herpes — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Galeone M, Berti S, Zamma B, De Martino M, Arunachalam M, Colucci R, Moretti S PMID: 22233258 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Herpes)

Immunogenicity of a Bovine Herpes Virus I Peptide Expressed in Tandem Copies in Attenuated Salmonella.

Herpes — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gnazzo V, Cebrian I, Langellotti C, Chabalgoity J, Mongini C, Quattrocchi V, Zamorano P Abstract Abstract A live system to release heterologous antigens using an attenuated Salmonella strain was developed. We transformed Salmonella typhimurium LVR03 (S. LVR03) with a recombinant pTECH2 vector encoding 0, 1, 2, and 4 tandem copies of an imunogenic peptide of bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) glycoprotein D (gD). The system used yielded peptides fused to the non-toxic C fragment of the tetanus toxin (TetC), which has been shown to have adjuvant properties. Inoculation of BALB/c mice with the transformed Salmonella strains gave rise to a mild self-limited infection, with primary replication of bacteria occurring in Peyer's patches, even when the bacteria was administered intran...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

The health and economic burden of chickenpox and herpes zoster in Belgium.

Herpes — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, both diseases cause a substantial burden in Belgium. PMID: 22230041 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Herpes)

Enveloped virus but not bacteria block IL-13 responses in human cord blood T-cells in vitro.

Herpes — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: These data imply that enveloped virus can deviate Th2 responses in human cord T-cells. PMID: 22229804 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Herpes)

If herpes does not heal … change strategy!

International Journal of Dermatology — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: International Journal of Dermatology)

Update on Herpes Zoster Vaccine: Licensure for Persons Aged 50 Through 59 Years [From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]

JAMA — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

Vital Signs: Herpes Vaccine Falls Short in Clinical Trial

NYT Health — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 22:56:31 +0100

A new vaccine, previously thought to protect uninfected women who have infected partners, has now been found useless against herpes simplex virus-2 in a double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. (Source: NYT Health)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Genital Herpes Vaccine - Research Progress

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 15:00:00 +0100

A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine reveals that an investigational vaccine protected some women against infection from one of the two types of herpes simplex viruses that cause genital herpes. Leading author Robert Belshe, M.D., director of the Saint Louis University Center for Vaccine Development commented: "There is some very good news in our findings. We were partially successful against half of the equation - protecting women from genital disease caused by HSV-1... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Sequential changes in pathophysiology of systemic inflammatory response in a disseminated neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection.

Herpes — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Anti-inflammatory intervention may only be effective if it is undertaken during the early phase of disseminated neonatal HSV infections. PMID: 22237001 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Herpes)

The Role of Antiviral Therapy After the Resolution of Acute Herpes Simplex Keratitis or Acute Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus [Editorial]

Archives of Opthalmology — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Archives of Opthalmology)

Genital Herpes Treatment - Virus Can Reactivate After Aggressive Antiviral Therapy

Health News from Medical News Today — Sun, 08 Jan 2012 18:00:00 +0100

According to a study in which three trials of antiviral therapy to treat genital herpes were combined, the herpes simplex virus type 2/HSV-2 can reactivate in 'breakthrough episodes' even when doses of antiviral therapy are high. The study is published Online First in The Lancet and suggests that new therapies should be conducted to successfully prevent further transmission of this common infection, which affects one in five people... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Implementing a probabilistic definition of freedom from infection to facilitate trade of livestock: Putting theory into praxis for the example of bovine herpes virus-1.

Herpes — Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Schuppers ME, Stegeman JA, Kramps JA, Stärk KD Abstract International trade of livestock and livestock products poses a significant potential threat for spread of diseases, and importing countries therefore often require that imported animals and products are free from certain pathogens. However, absolute freedom from infection cannot be documented, since all test protocols are imperfect and can lead to false-negative results. It is possible instead to estimate the "probability of freedom from infection" and its opposite, the probability of infection despite having a negative test result. These probabilities can be estimated based on a pre-defined target prevalence, known surveillance efforts in the target population and known test characteristics of any pre-export test. ...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Cross-presentation and genome-wide screening reveal candidate T cells antigens for a herpes simplex virus type 1 vaccine

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Sat, 07 Jan 2012 01:06:50 +0100

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) not only causes painful recurrent oral-labial infections, it can also cause permanent brain damage and blindness. There is currently no HSV-1 vaccine. An effective vaccine must stimulate coordinated T cell responses, but the large size of the genome and the low frequency of HSV-1–specific T cells have hampered the search for the most effective T cell antigens for inclusion in a candidate vaccine. We have now developed what we believe to be novel methods to efficiently generate a genome-wide map of the responsiveness of HSV-1–specific T cells, and demonstrate the applicability of these methods to a second complex microbe, vaccinia virus. We used cross-presentation and CD137 activation–based FACS to enrich for polyclonal CD8+ T effe...

Design of xanthone propionate photolabile protecting group releasing acyclovir for the treatment of ocular herpes simplex virus

RSC - Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. latest articles — Sat, 07 Jan 2012 00:11:57 +0100

Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2012, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C2PP05311J, PaperJessie A. Blake, Bettina Bareiss, Liliana Jimenez, May Griffith, J. C. ScaianoThe antiviral drug acyclovir has been attached to a xanthone photocage and releases the drug upon UVA excitation; it is designed for potential treatment of ocular herpes simplex virus infections.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. latest articles)

Hopeful Genital Herpes Vaccine Misses the MarkHopeful Genital Herpes Vaccine Misses the Mark

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 17:06:54 +0100

The results are disappointing for many, but some see it as a step toward success. WebMD Health News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Herpes Drugs Don't Stop Herpes Spread

MedicineNet Cancer General — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Herpes Drugs Don't Stop Herpes SpreadCategory: Health NewsCreated: 1/5/2012 2:34:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 1/6/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Cancer General)

Still no dice for herpes vaccine

Health Facts and Fears — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

An initially promising vaccine against herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2) has failed in a large clinical trial, the results of which were just published in The New England Journal of Medicine. (Source: Health Facts and Fears)

Antiviral activity of the EB peptide against zoonotic poxviruses

Virology Journal — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: While EB did demonstrate some in vivo efficacy against vaccinia in mice, the limited conditions under which it was effective against vaccinia and lack of activity against cowpox suggest EB may be more useful for studying orthopoxvirus entry and attachment in vitro than as a therapeutic against orthopoxviruses in vivo. (Source: Virology Journal)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase-armed bovine herpesvirus type 4-based vector displays enhanced oncolytic properties in immunocompetent orthotopic syngenic mouse and rat glioma models.

Herpes — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This article represents the result of a mutual interaction between human medical science and veterinary science, a combination of scientific knowledge often neglected. PMID: 22228853 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Herpes)

Antiviral activity of the EB peptide against zoonotic poxviruses.

Herpes — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: While EB did demonstrate some in vivo efficacy against vaccinia in mice, the limited conditions under which it was effective against vaccinia and lack of activity against cowpox suggest EB may be more useful for studying orthopoxvirus entry and attachment in vitro than as a therapeutic against orthopoxviruses in vivo. PMID: 22225618 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Herpes)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Design of xanthone propionate photolabile protecting group releasing acyclovir for the treatment of ocular herpes simplex virus.

Herpes — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Blake JA, Bareiss B, Jimenez L, Griffith M, Scaiano JC Abstract We have attached the antiviral drug acyclovir (ACV) to a xanthone photolabile protecting group (or photocage) through the O6 position of acyclovir, a procedure designed for the treatment of ocular herpes simplex virus infections. Acyclovir is photoreleased from the photocage, under physiological conditions, with a quantum yield (Φ(ACV release)) of 0.1-0.3 and an uncaging cross section (Φ·ε) of 450-1350 M cm(-1). We demonstrate that this photorelease method outcompetes alternative reaction pathways, such as protonation. Furthermore, complete release of the drug is theoretically possible given a sufficient dose of light . Surprisingly the acyclovir photocage, also showed some antiviral activity towards HSV-...

Pervasive olfactory impairment after bilateral limbic system destruction.

Herpes — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tranel D, Welsh-Bohmer KA Abstract What pattern of brain damage could completely obliterate the sense of olfaction in humans? We had an opportunity to address this intriguing question in Patient B., who has extensive bilateral damage to most of the limbic system, including the medial and lateral temporal lobes, orbital frontal cortex, insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and basal forebrain, caused by herpes simplex encephalitis. The patient demonstrated profound impairments in odor identification and recognition. Moreover, he could not discriminate between olfactory stimuli, and he had severe impairments in odor detection. Reliable stimulus detection was obtained only for solutions of the organic solvent acetone and highly concentrated solutions of ethanol. In contr...

Trial: Herpes vaccine hopes ended

Health News - UPI.com — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 04:16:19 +0100

ST. LOUIS, Jan. 5 (UPI) -- A herpes vaccine only protected against one type of herpes virus, and hopes have ended for now that the vaccine can prevent the disease, U.S. researchers say. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

Experimental herpes vaccine disappoints in study

Health News: CBSNews.com — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 17:25:09 +0100

Vaccine only protected against HSV-1 strain, but not HSV-2 - the most common cause of genital herpes (Source: Health News: CBSNews.com)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Herpes Drugs Don't Stop Herpes Spread

WebMD Health — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 16:45:16 +0100

People with genital herpes can still infect their sex partners -- even if they are taking anti-herpes drugs that prevent herpes outbreaks. (Source: WebMD Health)

Potential herpes vaccine disappoints researchers

USATODAY.com Health — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 15:43:54 +0100

A potential vaccine for genital herpes has shown limited effectiveness in thwarting one type of the sexually transmitted virus. (Source: USATODAY.com Health)

Today in health: herpes vaccine, cancer rates

USATODAY.com Health — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 15:23:18 +0100

A herpes vaccine fails a big test, cancer rates keep dropping and a study claims men and women are "different species." (Source: USATODAY.com Health)

Genital Herpes Vaccine Partially Successful

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 10:00:00 +0100

Results of a clinical trial show that an investigational vaccine for genital herpes protected some women against infection from one of the two strains of virus that cause the disease. Although the results show only partial success, the researchers who conducted the trial believe they represent progress towards a genital herpes vaccine. They write about their findings in the 5 January online issue of the New England Journal of Medicine... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Hopeful Genital Herpes Vaccine Misses the Mark

eMedicineHealth.com — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 07:00:00 +0100

(Source: eMedicineHealth.com)

Oral acyclovir suppression after neonatal herpes.

Herpes — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bargiela D, Lyall H, Mewasingh L PMID: 22216852 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Herpes)

Efficacy results of a trial of a herpes simplex vaccine.

Herpes — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: In a study population that was representative of the general population of HSV-1- and HSV-2-seronegative women, the investigational vaccine was effective in preventing HSV-1 genital disease and infection but not in preventing HSV-2 disease or infection. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and GlaxoSmithKline; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00057330.). PMID: 22216840 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Herpes)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

HSV2 Suppressive Therapy Does Not Eliminate Viral SheddingHSV2 Suppressive Therapy Does Not Eliminate Viral Shedding

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 23:35:00 +0100

Suppressive medicine for genital herpes reduces the number and duration of outbreaks but does not appear to prevent viral shedding that can result in transmission of virus. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Potential Herpes Vaccine Disappoints Researchers

The Doctors Lounge - Infections — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Only partially effective against one type of virus, ineffective against second type, study found (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Infections)

Progress made toward a genital herpes vaccine

ScienceDaily Headlines — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 22:48:48 +0100

New research points investigators toward finding a genital herpes vaccine that works on both viruses that cause disease. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

Hopeful Genital Herpes Vaccine Misses the Mark

WebMD Health — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 22:48:33 +0100

It's back to the drawing board for researchers seeking to develop a vaccine that protects against genital herpes. (Source: WebMD Health)

Herpes Drugs Work, but Not Forever (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Infectious Disease — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 22:34:10 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- Anti-herpetic agents reduce recurrence of herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) symptoms but do not completely block subclinical shedding of virus, even at high doses, researchers reported. (Source: MedPage Today Infectious Disease)

Efficacy Results of a Trial of a Herpes Simplex Vaccine

New England Journal of Medicine — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 22:00:15 +0100

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 366, Issue 1, Page 34-43, January 2012. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

Oral Acyclovir Suppression after Neonatal Herpes

New England Journal of Medicine — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 22:00:15 +0100

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 366, Issue 1, Page 90-91, January 2012. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

Potential Herpes Vaccine Disappoints Researchers

MedlinePlus Health News — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 22:00:00 +0100

Only partially effective against one type of virus, ineffective against second type, study found Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Pages: Genital Herpes, Immunization, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

Herpes Vaccine Fails to Protect Women (CME/CE, with video)

MedPage Today Geriatrics — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 21:00:00 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- A once-promising vaccine against herpes viruses has failed in a large clinical trial, researchers reported. (Source: MedPage Today Geriatrics)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

The Effect of 670-nm Low Laser Therapy on Herpes Simplex Type 1

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 15:39:32 +0100

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Jan 2012, Vol. 30, No. 1: 37-40. (Source: Photomedicine and Laser Surgery)

Research shows progress toward a genital herpes vaccine

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Saint Louis University) New NIH-funded research points investigators toward finding a genital herpes vaccine that works on both viruses that cause disease. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

[HIV infection.]

Herpes — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Potthoff A, Rasokat H, Brockmeyer NH Abstract The skin can be an indicator of decreased immunocompetence. Dermatological markers include new and extensive seborrheic eczema, psoriasis without a family history, widespread herpes zoster in young adults, oral hairy leucoplakia and mollusca in adults. In these cases an HIV test should be offered. During the last 15 years the clinical picture of HIV has changed dramatically. Almost every year new drugs with better efficacy, lower pill burden and less side effects have been approved. Life expectancy is close to normal in western countries. In spite of better treatment options, prevention is the key to stop the worldwide epidemic. Awareness campaigns have to account for the synergies between HIV and other sexually transmitted di...

Anogenital pseudotumoral herpes and HIV infection: a new challenge for diagnosis and treatment.

Herpes — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Anogenital pseudotumoral herpes and HIV infection: a new challenge for diagnosis and treatment. AIDS. 2012 Jan 4; Authors: Lucca-Chrisment Julie DI, Simon J, Ludivine G, Françoise P, Hélène L, Flore R, Jean-Pierre M, Alexiane D, Marie-Françoise A, Nicolas D Abstract HIV-infected patients may develop rare anogenital pseudotumoral herpes potentially mimicking epidermoid carcinoma. We assessed treatment in five new cases with a median follow-up of 3.3 years. Recurrence and clinical nucleoside analog resistance were observed in all patients. All drug treatments were only temporarily curative and clinical responses varied between patients and recurrences. Foscavir seemed to be the most appropriate second-line treatment and cidofovir or thalidomide should be considered as alt...

Potential Herpes Vaccine Disappoints Researchers

RWJF News Digest - Public Health — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

A potential vaccine for genital herpes has shown only limited effectiveness in thwarting one type of the sexually transmitted virus and no ability to stop a second type from spreading, a new study shows. (Source: RWJF News Digest - Public Health)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Manipulation of DNA Damage Responses: Synergy With Chemotherapy in Killing Glioblastoma Stem Cells

JNCI — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The combination of G47 and TMZ acts synergistically in killing GSCs through oHSV-mediated manipulation of DNA damage responses. This strategy is highly efficacious in representative preclinical models and warrants clinical translation. (Source: JNCI)

Mucocutaneous manifestations of HIV‐infected patients in the era of HAART in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions A wide range of mucocutaneous disorders were observed in HIV‐infected Chinese patients. Oral candidiasis, P. marneffei infection and PPE may be the signs of advanced HIV infection. HAART had an impact on the spectrum of HIV‐associated mucocutaneous disorders. (Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology)

Cross-presentation and genome-wide screening reveal candidate T cells antigens for a herpes simplex virus type 1 vaccine.

Herpes — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jing L, Haas J, Chong TM, Bruckner JJ, Dann GC, Dong L, Marshak JO, McClurkan CL, Yamamoto TN, Bailer SM, Laing KJ, Wald A, Verjans GM, Koelle DM Abstract Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) not only causes painful recurrent oral-labial infections, it can also cause permanent brain damage and blindness. There is currently no HSV-1 vaccine. An effective vaccine must stimulate coordinated T cell responses, but the large size of the genome and the low frequency of HSV-1-specific T cells have hampered the search for the most effective T cell antigens for inclusion in a candidate vaccine. We have now developed what we believe to be novel methods to efficiently generate a genome-wide map of the responsiveness of HSV-1-specific T cells, and demonstrate the applicability of these ...

Mucocutaneous manifestations of HIV-infected patients in the era of HAART in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

Herpes — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions A wide range of mucocutaneous disorders were observed in HIV-infected Chinese patients. Oral candidiasis, P. marneffei infection and PPE may be the signs of advanced HIV infection. HAART had an impact on the spectrum of HIV-associated mucocutaneous disorders. PMID: 22212015 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Herpes)

Outcome of optical penetrating keratoplasties at a tertiary care eye institute in Western India.

Herpes — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Long-term survival of grafts at our center is different from centers in western world. More high-risk cases, paucity of excellent quality donor corneas, and differences in patient profile could be the contributory factors. PMID: 22218240 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Herpes)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

[Six cases of spring DRESS].

Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: These cases point to the possible existence of a shared initial environmental factor (infectious or not) that favours reactivation of herpes viruses and induces DRESS in patients on medication. Before and after this "DRESS epidemic", about one patient each quarter was admitted to hospital for DRESS. PMID: 22225738 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie)

Epidemiology of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV, and Related High-Risk Behaviors among Female Sex Workers in Guangxi Autonomous Region, China.

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study assessed the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, and associated risk factors among female sex workers (FSWs) in Guangxi autonomous region, China. A cross-sectional study of 488 FSWs was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic and behavioral information. Biological specimens from subjects were sampled to detect various STIs and HIV infection. Among FSWs, the prevalence rates of syphilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, genital herpes, condyloma acuminate, and HIV were 7.2%, 1.8%, 18.2%, 0.4%, 2.3%, and 0.8%, respectively. The prevalence rates of single, double, and triple infections were 22.3%, 3.9%, and 0.20%, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that STIs and HIV infection was independently related t...

Synthesis and antiviral activity of new 3-methyl-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole derivatives

Medicinal Chemistry Research — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 16:50:08 +0100

Abstract A new series of 4-substituted 3-methyl-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazoles 4–11 has been synthesized and evaluated for its in vitro antiviral activity and cytotoxicity against herpes simplex virus type-1 grown on Vero African green monkey kidney cells through plaque-reduction assay method using acyclovir as a positive control. The synthesis was achieved through Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction of 3-methyl-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (3) with acetophenone derivatives to give various enones 4a–f which are considered an important synthon for the construction of different heterocyclic rings as isoxazoline, pyrazoline, pyrimidine, pyridine, and fused pyridine via several synthetic routes. Biological evaluation of the prepared compounds showed that 3-(4-methylp...

The impact of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia on quality of life: patient-reported outcomes in six European countries

Journal of Public Health — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 06:49:23 +0100

Conclusion HZ, and particularly PHN, is associated with considerable levels of pain that have a significant impact on the QoL of participants across six European countries. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s10389-011-0481-8Authors Kati Lukas, Sanofi Pasteur MSD, 8 rue Jonas Salk, 69367 Lyon cedex 07, FranceAlexander Edte, Synovate GmbH, Elektrastraße 6, 81925 München, Germany, formerly of TNS Healthcare, GmbH, Landsberger Strasse 338, 80687 München, GermanyIsabelle Bertrand, Sanofi Pasteur MSD, 8 rue Jonas Salk, 69367 Lyon cedex 07, France Journal Journal of Public HealthOnline ISSN 1613-2238Print ISSN 0943-1853 (Source: Journal of Public Health)

Influenza‐like illness surveillance on the California‐Mexico border, 2004–2009

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The US‐Mexico border is one of the busiest in the world, with a large number of daily crossings. Due to its traffic, this area is an ideal location for surveillance sites. We identified a pathogen in 36% of the specimens tested, with influenza A the most common pathogen. A number of other viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens were identified. An understanding of the incidence of respiratory pathogens in border populations is useful for development of regional vaccination and disease prevention responses. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Outcome of optical penetrating keratoplasties at a tertiary care eye institute in Western India

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Oral Acyclovir After Neonatal Herpes: Neurodevelopment

AAP Grand Rounds — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: AAP Grand Rounds)

Improved TK2 PET Reporter Gene [Protein Structure and Folding]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Positron emission tomography (PET) reporter gene imaging can be used to non-invasively monitor cell-based therapies. Therapeutic cells engineered to express a PET reporter gene (PRG) specifically accumulate a PET reporter probe (PRP) and can be detected by PET imaging. Expanding the utility of this technology requires the development of new non-immunogenic PRGs. Here we describe a new PRG-PRP system that employs, as the PRG, a mutated form of human thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) and 2′-deoxy-2′-18F-5-methyl-1-β-l-arabinofuranosyluracil (l-18F-FMAU) as the PRP. We identified l-18F-FMAU as a candidate PRP and determined its biodistribution in mice and humans. Using structure-guided enzyme engineering, we generated a TK2 double mutant (TK2-N93D/L109F) that efficiently phosphorylates l-18F-FMAU...

Early Responding Dendritic Cells Direct the Local NK Response To Control Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection within the Cornea.

Journal of Immunology — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Frank GM, Buela KA, Maker DM, Harvey SA, Hendricks RL Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this article, we exploit the unique avascularity of the cornea to examine a role for local or very early infiltrating DCs in regulating the migration of blood-derived innate immune cells toward HSV-1 lesions. A single systemic diphtheria toxin treatment 2 d before HSV-1 corneal infection transiently depleted CD11c(+) DCs from both the cornea and lymphoid organs of CD11c-DTR bone marrow chimeric mice for up to 24 h postinfection. Transient DC depletion significantly delayed HSV-1 clearance from the cornea through 6 d postinfection. No further compromise of viral clearance was observed when DCs were continuously depleted throughout the f...

Alzheimer's Disease: APP, Gamma Secretase, APOE, CLU, CR1, PICALM, ABCA7, BIN1, CD2AP, CD33, EPHA1, and MS4A2, and Their Relationships with Herpes Simplex, C. Pneumoniae, Other Suspect Pathogens, and the Immune System

Journal of Biophysics — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 18:49:14 +0100

Alzheimer's disease susceptibility genes, APP and gamma-secretase, are involved in the herpes simplex life cycle, and that of other suspect pathogens (C. pneumoniae, H. pylori, C. neoformans, B. burgdorferri, P. gingivalis) or immune defence. Such pathogens promote beta-amyloid deposition and tau phosphorylation and may thus be causative agents, whose effects are conditioned by genes. The antimicrobial effects of beta-amyloid, the localisation of APP/gamma-secretase in immunocompetent dendritic cells, and gamma secretase cleavage of numerous pathogen receptors suggest that this network is concerned with pathogen disposal, effects which may be abrogated by the presence of beta-amyloid autoantibodies in the elderly. These autoantibodies, as well as those to nerve growth factor and tau, a...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Fluorescence-assisted cytological testing (FACT): Ex Vivo viral method for enhancing detection of rare cancer cells in body fluids.

Molecular Medicine — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 07:24:03 +0100

The objective of this study was to determine if the herpes virus carrying an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) could detect rare cancer cells in body fluids against millions of normal cells. Human cancer cells suspended with normal murine cells were infected with NV1066 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.5 and 1.0 for 18 h. Fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry were used for EGFP detection of cancer cells. EGFP-expressing cells were confirmed as cancer cells with specific markers by immunohistochemistry staining. Limits of detection of cancer cells in body fluid were measured by serial dilutions. Applicability of technique was confirmed with samples from patients with malignant pleural effusions. NV1066 expressed EGFP in 111 human cancer cell lines detected by fluorescen...

Chemotherapeutic Effects of Bioassay-Guided Extracts of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana

Integrative Cancer Therapies — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

The organic extract of Periplaneta americana L. (Dictyoptera; Blattidae) has been traditionally used in southwestern China as an alternative medicine against disorders such as hepatitis, trauma, gastric ulcers, burns, and heart disease. The present study describes bioassay-guided purification and chemotherapeutic evaluation of the 60% ethanolic fraction of P americana organic extracts (PAE60). The most effective cytotoxic fraction was determined by way of repeated in vitro screenings against 12 distinct cultured human carcinoma cell lines: Eca 109, BGC823, HO8910, LS174T, CNE, HeLa, K562, PC-3, A549, BEL 7404, HL-60, and KB, followed by in vivo antitumor assays of the lead fraction (PAE60). The complexity of enriched active fraction was qualitatively evaluated using thin layer chromatograp...

Varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins B and E are major targets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reconstituting during zoster after allogeneic transplantation.

Haematologica — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Our data demonstrate that glycoproteins B and E are major targets of varicella-zoster virus specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell reconstitution occurring during herpes zoster after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. Varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins B and E might form the basis for novel nonhazardous zoster subunit vaccines suitable for immunocompromised transplant patients. PMID: 22207687 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Haematologica)

Foxp3(+) Regulatory T cells, Immune Stimulation and Host Defense against Infection.

Immunology — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Foxp3(+) Regulatory T cells, Immune Stimulation and Host Defense against Infection. Immunology. 2011 Dec 29; Authors: Rowe JH, Ertelt JM, Way SS Abstract The immune system is intricately regulated allowing potent effectors to expand and become rapidly mobilized after infection, while simultaneously silencing potentially detrimental responses that averts immune-mediated damage to host tissues. This relies in large part on the delicate interplay between immune suppressive regulatory CD4(+) T cells (Tregs) and immune effectors that without active suppression by Tregs cause systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity. Although these beneficial roles have been classically described to be counter-balanced by impaired host defense against infection, newfound protective roles for Treg...

Sex differences in murine susceptibility to systemic viral infections.

Journal of Autoimmunity — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Geurs TL, Hill EB, Lippold DM, French AR Abstract Increased susceptibility to autoimmunity in females is often viewed as the consequence of enhanced immunoreactivity providing superior protection against infections. We paradoxically observed greater mortality in female compared to male mice during systemic viral infections with three large double-stranded DNA viruses (herpes simplex virus type I [HSV], murine cytomegalovirus [MCMV], and vaccinia virus [VV]). Indeed, female mice were 27-fold more susceptible to infection with HSV than male mice. Elimination of estrogen by ovariectomy in female mice or addition of estrogen to castrated male mice only partially eliminated the observed sex differences following HSV infection. However, the differences observed in survival betwe...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Double-stranded RNA induces S100 gene expression by a cycloheximide-sensitive factor

FEBS Letters — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Highlights: ► S100A8/A9 gene induction in keratinocytes by TLR3 ligand polyI:C. ► Confirmation in organotypic epithelial “raft” culture after herpes simplex virus infection. ► S100A8/A9 gene induction is not dependent on IL-10. ► Involvement of NF-κB, p38 MAPK, PI-3K and Jak-Stat signal transduction pathways in polyI:C-induced S100A8/A9 gene expression. ► S100A8/A9 gene induction is abrogated by treatment with either cycloheximide or bleomycin.Abstract: Viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and its synthetic analog polyI:C are recognized via multiple pathways and induce the expression of genes related to inflammation. In the present study, we demonstrated the polyI:C-induced gene expression of the damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules S100A8 and S100A9, while othe...

Vertically Transmitted HIV Infection Having First Clinical Manifestations at 13 y of Age

Indian Journal of Pediatrics — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 16:46:46 +0100

Abstract Untreated vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection progresses rapidly with 50% mortality at 1 y and most of the remainder dying before 5 y of age. The authors present a case of a 13-y-old boy, a paternal orphan with vertically transmitted HIV infection, lost to follow up after diagnosis in infancy, surviving to date without any major illness or medical intervention, till the present episode of full blown AIDS. The boy presented with shock, pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), disseminated tuberculosis, Herpes Simplex Type 1 (HSV-1) infection, anemia, malnutrition and oral candidiasis. Later he developed systemic candidiasis, transient renal and respiratory failure. CD4 counts were 41 cells/μl. He was managed with sulphametho...

Ocular Distribution, Spectrum of Activity and In-Vivo Viral Neutralization of a fully humanized Anti-Herpes simplex virus IgG FAb fragment, following topical application.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Berdugo M, Larsen IV, Abadie C, Deloche C, Kowalczuk L, Touchard E, Dubielzig R, Brandt CR, Behar-Cohen F, Combette JM Abstract Herpes simplex ocular infection is a major cause of corneal blindness. Local antiviral treatments exist but are associated with corneal toxicity, and resistance has become an issue. We evaluated the biodistribution and efficacy of an anti-HSV humanized IgG FAb fragment (AC-8, 53 kDa) following repeated topical administration. AC-8 was found in the corneal epithelium, anterior stroma, sub-epithelial stromal cells and retinal glial cells, with a preferential entry through ocular limbus. AC-8 was active against 13 different strains of HSV-1 with MEC(50) and MEC(90) values ranged from 0.03 to 0.13 μg/mL indicating broad-spectrum activity. The in vivo...

Herpes zoster recommendations [FOR YOUR INFORMATION]

AAP News — Sun, 25 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: AAP News)