MedWorm: Influenza

International Program Highlight: Visits Highlight the Importance of CDC’s Influenza Activities in India

CDC Flu updates — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 18:57:00 +0100

In August 2011, CDC Director Dr. Thomas Frieden visited India and saw firsthand CDC’s important work. Dr. Frieden returned with the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius in January 2012 to learn more about CDC’s collaborations around influenza surveillance and research in India. (Source: CDC Flu updates)

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Have You Heard, February 7, 2012: CDC Recommendations for Influenza Antiviral Medications Remain Unchanged

CDC Flu updates — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 12:57:00 +0100

(Source: CDC Flu updates)

Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Reminders for Children with High-Risk Conditions

ICMCC: The International Council on Medical and Care Compunetics — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:08:10 +0100

Source: Dombkowski KJ et al, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 42(1) Content: Background Children with chronic conditions have an increased risk of complications from influenza and have low influenza vaccination rates. Purpose To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using a statewide immunization information system (IIS) for seasonal influenza vaccine reminders from local health departments (LHDs) targeting children [...] (Source: ICMCC: The International Council on Medical and Care Compunetics)

Avian influenza – situation in Viet Nam - update

WHO Disease Outbreaks — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:00:00 +0100

The Ministry of Health (MoH) has announced a confirmed case of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. (Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks)

A placebo-controlled trial of Korean red ginseng extract for preventing Influenza-like illness in healthy adults

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study is a randomized placebo controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of the KRG extract compared to placebo and will be provided valuable new information about the clinical and physiological effects of the KRG extract on reduction of ILI incidence including flu and upper respiratory tract infections. The study has been pragmatically designed to ensure that the study findings can be implemented into clinical practice if KRG extract can be shown to be an effective reduction strategy in ILI incidence. Trial Registration: NCT01478009. (Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine)

CADTH rapid response report: Antivirals for pandemic and human avian influenzas

NeLM - News — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) Area: News This rapid response report from the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) reviews the evidence on the clinical benefits and harms of antivirals for the treatment and prevention of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and human avian influenza A (H5N1). It found that, 'There is limited evidence that oseltamivir is clinically effective for the treatment of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and limited evidence that it is especially effective with treatment within 48 hours of symptom onset. There is insufficient evidence to make a definitive conclusion regarding the clinical effectiveness of antivirals for prophylaxis or treatment of pandemic influenza A(H1N1), and no evidence was identified re...

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National Influenza Vaccination Disparities Partnership, February Newsletter, PDF

CDC Flu updates — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 18:34:00 +0100

(Source: CDC Flu updates)

As A Control Measure During Pandemic Outbreaks, School Closures Should Be Considered

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 09:00:00 +0100

Closing elementary and secondary schools can help slow the spread of infectious disease and should be considered as a control measure during pandemic outbreaks, according to a McMaster University led study. Using high-quality data about the incidence of influenza infections in Alberta during the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic, the researchers show that when schools closed for the summer, the transmission of infection from person to person was sharply reduced... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Genetic screens for the control of influenza virus replication: from meta-analysis to drug discovery

RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 21:20:53 +0100

Mol. BioSyst., 2012, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C2MB05416G, PaperBenoit de Chassey, Laurene Meyniel-Schicklin, Anne Aublin-Gex, Patrice Andre, Vincent LotteauIntegration of genetic screens and protein interaction data provides a rationale to identify drug candidates against influenza virus.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles)

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: a case report and review of the literature

European Journal of Pediatrics — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 19:36:45 +0100

Abstract A 12-year-old girl of Turkish descent was referred 6 weeks after an influenza A infection because of persistent chest X-ray abnormalities compatible with interstitial lung disease. The clinically suspected diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) supported by pathognomonic radiological abnormalities was confirmed by genetic analysis. The clinical presentation of PAM is illustrated by a case and review of the current literature on this subject: you only see what you know. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00431-012-1678-8Authors M. Proesmans, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, BelgiumM. Boon, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 4...

Variant H3N2 Influenza Virus: What You Should KnowVariant H3N2 Influenza Virus: What You Should Know

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 15:53:04 +0100

Find out when you should be considering infection with this novel influenza virus in your patients. CDC Expert Commentary (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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A Tool for Supporting Decision Making for Occupational Health Practitioners at the Occurrence of Novel Influenza.

Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi : Journal of Occupational Health — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wada K, Suzuki H, Imai T, Aizawa Y PMID: 22306588 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi : Journal of Occupational Health)

Absence of Central Nervous System and Hypothermic Effects Following Single Oral Administration of High Doses of Oseltamivir in the Rat

Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractOseltamivir is widely used for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza. Renewed interest in the central nervous system (CNS) tolerability profile of oseltamivir has been triggered by reports of neuropsychiatric adverse events in influenza patients. In addition, a recent preclinical study in rodents suggested a hypothermic effect of oseltamivir. The current studies investigated the CNS effects, body temperature effect and toxicokinetic profile of oseltamivir in rats. The CNS/temperature study included three groups receiving oseltamivir (500, 763 and 1,000 mg/kg free base by oral gavage), one vehicle/control group and one reference group (D‐amphetamine, 10 mg/kg). CNS parameters (behaviour, motor activity and co‐ordination, and sensory/motor reflex responses) and rectal temper...

School closures slow spread of pH1N1

EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(McMaster University) Using high-quality data about the incidence of influenza infections in Alberta during the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic, the researchers show that when schools closed for the summer, the transmission of infection from person to person was sharply reduced. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)

CD4+ T cells limit the damage in influenza

Nature Medicine — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Nature Medicine 18, 200 (2012). doi:10.1038/nm.2654 Author: Anne Kelso Why do some influenza infections cause fatal disease and others barely a sniffle? Although viral virulence can vary, the immunological history of the host is also important. A new study in humans suggests that CD4+ T lymphocytes activated during previous infections can limit disease severity in the absence of specific antibodies (pages 274–280). (Source: Nature Medicine)

Influenza in Young People With Neurologic ConditionsInfluenza in Young People With Neurologic Conditions

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 04:00:00 +0100

This new report discusses a recent outbreak of influenza in a residential facility for young people with neurodevelopmental disorders. Are there special precautions that should be taken in this type of patient? Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Novel Challenge Announced to Track Influenza CasesNovel Challenge Announced to Track Influenza Cases

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 04:00:00 +0100

This new report outlines an innovative online way for public health officials to track influenza and other infectious diseases. The Nation's Health (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

[This Week in Medicine] February 4–10, 2012

LANCET — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Leading influenza researchers have agreed to a voluntary 60-day pause on controversial research involving mutant H5N1 virus strains that are transmissible in mammals. In an announcement on Jan 20, the scientists said the hiatus will allow time for governments, organisations, and the scientific community to discuss potential safety concerns. (Source: LANCET)

Avian Flu Research Suspended

Sound Medicine — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 04:00:01 +0100

Recently, two teams studying the H5N1 influenza virus discovered how to produce a version of the highly pathogenic avian flu, which is easily transmissible in mammals. The researchers have agreed to suspend their research for 60 days to allow discussion of how the findings should be reported. IU bioethicist Eric Meslin, PhD, discusses the moratorium and how it may affect the research. Dr.... (Source: Sound Medicine)

U.S. flu levels low, except in Midwest

Health News - UPI.com — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 03:25:51 +0100

MINNEAPOLIS, Feb. 3 (UPI) -- U.S. flu activity increased slightly last week and the Midwest showed higher evidence of influenza but flu activity is low nationwide, health officials said. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

[News & Analysis] Avian Influenza: The Limits of Avian Flu Studies in Ferrets

Science: Current Issue — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:34:11 +0100

How concerned should people be that what happened in the controversial experiments that exposed ferrets to H5N1 avian influenza viruses engineered to be more transmissible will apply to humans?Author: Jon Cohen (Source: Science: Current Issue)

Scientists call for curbs on own research on deadly bird flu virus

Guardian Unlimited Science — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 15:06:00 +0100

Virus experts in the US say outbreak of genetically engineered bird flu could be worst influenza pandemic in historyA group of the leading virus experts in the US has called for new, permanent restrictions on research in the face of a new genetically engineered flu virus that could kill half the population of the world.Scientists are currently observing a 60-day moratorium on research into the bird flu virus, after two groups found a way to make it infectious through airborne transmission.An outbreak of this virus could be worse than the 1918 Spanish flu that killed tens of millions of people, warned Michael Osterholm – who has led research into previous dangerous outbreaks – at a public meeting on censorship in science in New York on Thursday night."Frankly, I don't want a virus out t...

Highlights from this issue

Gut — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Luminal GIH1N1 influenza vaccination and IBD The global pandemic of novel influenza A (H1N1) affected 70 countries in 2009. There was particular concern for infection in immunocompromised patients, including those with IBD. The 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine produced seroprotection rates of >85% in the general population but there are no data on the immunogenicity of the vaccine in patients with IBD. In this issue of Gut, Cullen et al report their observational prospective open-label study which examined the immunogenicity of the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine in IBD patients. Patients with IBD vaccinated with the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine had a low rate of seroprotection, particularly those who were immunosuppressed or received combination immunosuppression (see table 1). An assay of T lym...

Serological response to the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Gut — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Patients with IBD vaccinated with the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine had a low rate of seroprotection, particularly among those who were immunosuppressed. Although there is a need for studies of the clinical benefit of vaccines in this population, patients with IBD need to be aware of this reduced immunogenicity. (Source: Gut)

Gene Profile, Immunity, and Antitumor Induced by BPP-II [Genomics and Proteomics]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The bursa of Fabricius, the acknowledged central humoral immune organ, plays a vital role in B lymphocyte differentiation. However, there are few reports of the molecular basis of the mechanism on immune induction and potential antitumor activity of bursal-derived peptides. In this paper, a novel bursal-derived pentapeptide-II (BPP-II, MTLTG) was isolated and exerted immunomodulatory functions on antibody responses in vitro. Gene microarray analyses demonstrated that BPP-II regulated expression of 2478 genes in a mouse-derived hybridoma cell line. Immune-related gene ontology functional procedures were employed for further functional analysis. Furthermore, the majority of BPP-II-regulated pathways were associated with immune responses and tumor processes. Moreover, BPP-II exhibited immunom...

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Recent advances in computational studies on influenza a virus M2 proton channel.

Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wang JF, Chou KC Abstract The matrix protein 2 of the influenza A virus (M2 or AM2) is one of the important components of the viral membrane. This protein can form a proton channel in the viral envelope. Owe to its ability to regulate the surrounding pH in endosome, this protein is an attractive target for drug design against influenza A virus. In this minireview, we are to summarize the current progresses in computational approaches for studying the M2 proton channel. The attention is focused on how protons are conducted through the M2 channel, and how adamantane-based drugs inhibit the channel, as well as how the drug resistance occurs, in hopes to further stimulate the in-depth studies of this important area, both experimentally and theoretically. PMID: 22303978 [Pu...

Comparison of Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza A InfectionsComparison of Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza A Infections

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 04:00:00 +0100

This study compares the clinical and epidemiological features. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Vaccination against influenza a virus (H1N1) among Spanish healthcare workers.

European Journal of Internal Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 00:24:32 +0100

Authors: Olalla J, de Ory F, Casas I, Benítez N PMID: 22284261 [PubMed - in process] (Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine)

Influenza virus vaccine: Palmoplantar keratoderma and ichthyosis: case report

Reactions — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:34:27 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Development of a novel real-time PCR-based strategy for simple and rapid molecular pathotyping of Newcastle disease virus

Archives of Virology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:10:19 +0100

Abstract A novel real-time PCR strategy was applied to simultaneously detect and to discriminate low-pathogenic lentogenic and virulent meso/velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The pathotyping is achieved by a three-step semi-nested PCR. A pre-amplification of the cleavage site (CS) region of the F gene is followed by a two-level duplex real-time PCR directly targeting the CS, combining detection and pathotyping in a single tube. A wide range of NDV isolates spanning all genotypes were successfully detected and pathotyped. Clinical samples from outbreaks in Sweden in 2010 that were positive by the novel PCR method were also successfully pathotyped. The method is time-saving, reduces labour and costs and provides opportunities for rapid diagnosis at remote locations an...

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U.S. Advisors Explain Call to Censor Bird Flu Research

RWJF News Digest - Public Health — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 11:44:30 +0100

The U.S. National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity’s (NSABB) main concern "is that publishing these experiments in detail would provide information that could help some person, organization or government to develop similar mammal-adapted influenza A/H5N1 viruses for harmful purposes," the advisers said in a statement Tuesday. (Source: RWJF News Digest - Public Health)

Key Peptides Identified That Could Lead To A Universal Vaccine For Influenza

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Researchers at the University of Southampton, University of Oxford and Retroscreeen Virology Ltd have discovered a series of peptides, found on the internal structures of influenza viruses that could lead to the development of a universal vaccine for influenza, one that gives people immunity against all strains of the disease, including seasonal, avian, and swine flu. Influenza, an acute viral infection, affects hundreds of thousands of people a year and puts an enormous strain on healthcare providers globally... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Improved serological response to H1N1 monovalent vaccine associated with viral suppression among HIV‐1‐infected patients during the 2009 influenza (H1N1) pandemic in the Southern Hemisphere

HIV Medicine — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsA high prevalence of HI H1N1 antibodies was found before vaccination in the cohort, consistent with previous exposure to H1N1 influenza virus. The response to vaccination was considered adequate, as more than two‐thirds of patients achieved a fourfold or more increase in antibody titre after vaccination. The response to vaccination was significantly greater in those patients who were aviraemic for HIV, suggesting that antiretroviral therapy improves the humoral response, which is important in optimizing vaccine effectiveness. (Source: HIV Medicine)

Neurologic adverse events following influenza A (H1N1) vaccinations in children

Pediatrics International — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Post‐vaccine NAEs were mainly motor weakness due to poly‐neuropathy, which had a good prognosis of complete improvement within a few months without sequelae.© 2012 The Authors. Pediatrics International © 2012 Japan Pediatric Society (Source: Pediatrics International)

Carriage of encapsulated bacteria in Gabonese children with sickle cell anemia

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, carriage and resistance rates are similar in children with and without SCA. Our data provide the basis to guide empiric therapy of invasive diseases caused by S. pneumoniae, S. aureus and H. influenza in children in Gabon. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection)

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Op-Ed Contributor: Censorship Hinders Influenza Research

NYT Health — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 03:03:10 +0100

The censorship of influenza research will do little to prevent its misuse — and it may hinder our ability to stop influenza outbreaks. (Source: NYT Health)

Socio-economic disparities in mortality due to pandemic influenza in England

International Journal of Public Health — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:12:22 +0100

Conclusion Tackling socio-economic health inequalities is a central concept within public health, but has not always been a part of emergency preparedness plans. These data demonstrate the opportunity to reduce the overall impact and narrow inequalities by considering socio-economic disparities in future pandemic planning. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00038-012-0337-1Authors Paul D. Rutter, Imperial College, London, UKOliver T. Mytton, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKMatthew Mak, King’s College Hospital, London, UKLiam J. Donaldson, Imperial College, London, UK Journal International Journal of Public HealthOnline ISSN 1661-8564Print ISSN 1661-8556 (Source: International Journal of Public Health)

Influenza vaccination of healthcare workers in acute-care hospitals: a case-control study of its effect on hospital-acquired influenza among patients

BMC Infectious Diseases — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our observational study indicates a shielding effect of more than 35% of vaccinated HCW on HAI among patients in acute-care units. Investigations, such as controlled clinical trials, are needed to validate the benefits of HCW vaccination on HAI incidence in patients. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

Clinical features and risk factors for severe and critical pregnant women with 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza infection in China

BMC Infectious Diseases — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Severe hypoxemia and higher BMI on admission were associated with adverse outcomes for pregnant women. Preterm delivery was a risk factor for neonatal death among pregnant women with pH1N1 influenza infection. NIV may be useful in selected pregnant women without septic shock. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

[National Survey of Vaccination Coverage (Influenza, pneumococcus and tetanus) in Mexican population of 60 years of age and older].

Salud Publica de Mexico — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Important improvements are shown in vaccination coverage among elderly in Mexico. Differentials suggest the need to intensify information campaigns and actions that could improve the accessibility to vaccines for this population. PMID: 22286827 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Salud Publica de Mexico)

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Infectious Etiologies of Acute Febrile Illness among Patients Seeking Health Care in South-Central Cambodia.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kasper MR, Blair PJ, Touch S, Sokhal B, Yasuda CY, Williams M, Richards AL, Burgess TH, Wierzba TF, Putnam SD Abstract Abstract. The agents of human febrile illness can vary by region and country suggesting that diagnosis, treatment, and control programs need to be based on a methodical evaluation of area-specific etiologies. From December 2006 to December 2009, 9,997 individuals presenting with acute febrile illness at nine health care clinics in south-central Cambodia were enrolled in a study to elucidate the etiologies. Upon enrollment, respiratory specimens, whole blood, and serum were collected. Testing was performed for viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens. Etiologies were identified in 38.0% of patients. Influenza was the most frequent pathogen, followed by den...

New influenza vaccines: Promises, perils, and pitfalls.

Vaccine — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Poland GA, Tosh PK PMID: 22289205 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Vaccine)

Mutations of the SCN1A gene in acute encephalopathy

Epilepsia — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

SummaryPurpose: Acute encephalopathy is the most serious complication of pediatric viral infections, such as influenza and exanthema subitum. It occurs worldwide, but is most prevalent in East Asia. Recently, there have been sporadic case reports of epilepsy/febrile seizure and acute encephalopathy with a neuronal sodium channel alpha 1 subunit (SCN1A) mutation. To determine whether SCN1A mutations are a predisposing factor of acute encephalopathy, we sought to identify SCN1A mutations in a large case series of acute encephalopathy including various syndromes.Methods: We analyzed the SCN1A gene in 87 patients with acute encephalopathy, consisting of 20 with acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), 61 with acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD), a...

Lack of association between air pollutant exposure and short‐term risk of ischaemic stroke in Lyon, France

International Journal of Stroke — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsThese results suggest a lack of association between air pollutant exposure and short‐term risk of ischaemic stroke in a French urban area. (Source: International Journal of Stroke)

National Briefing | Science: Panel Praises Removal of Details on Bird Flu

NYT Health — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 03:32:20 +0100

Removing information from manuscripts describing experiments that made a lethal bird flu more likely to transmit among humans “maximized the benefits to society and minimized the risks,” the government’s biosecurity panel said. (Source: NYT Health)

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A DNA vaccine expressing PB1 protein of influenza A virus protects mice against virus infection

Archives of Virology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:44:28 +0100

Abstract Although influenza DNA vaccine research has focused mainly on viral hemagglutinin and has led to promising results, other virion proteins have also shown some protective potential. In this work, we explored the potential of a DNA vaccine based on the PB1 protein to protect BALB/c mice against lethal influenza A virus infection. The DNA vaccine consisted of pTriEx4 plasmid expressing PB1. As a positive control, a pTriEx4 plasmid expressing influenza A virus HA was used. Two weeks after three subcutaneous doses of DNA vaccine, the mice were challenged intranasally with 1 LD50 of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus, and PB1- and HA-specific antibodies, survival rate, body weight change, viral mRNA load, infectious virus titer in the lungs, cytokines IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10, ...

New Information In The Fight Against Flu

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Influenza virus can rapidly evolve from one form to another, complicating the effectiveness of vaccines and anti-viral drugs used to treat it. By first understanding the complex host cell pathways that the flu uses for replication, University of Georgia researchers are finding new strategies for therapies and vaccines, according to a study published in the January issue of the Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. The researchers studied RNA interference to determine the host genes influenza uses for virus replication... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Researchers identify key peptides that could lead to a universal vaccine for influenza

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(University of Southampton) Researchers at the University of Southampton, University of Oxford and Retroscreen Virology Ltd have discovered a series of peptides, found on the internal structures of influenza viruses that could lead to the development of a universal vaccine for influenza, one that gives people immunity against all strains of the disease, including seasonal, avian, and swine flu. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

Interaction of influenza A virus matrix protein with RACK1 is required for virus release

Cellular Microbiology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study is focused on the role of the influenza A virus matrix protein M1 in virus release. We found that a mutation of the proline residue at position 16 of the matrix protein induces inhibition of virus detachment from cells. Depletion of the M1‐binding protein RACK1 also impairs virus release and RACK1 binding requires the proline residue at position 16 of M1. The impaired M1‐RACK1 interaction does not affect the plasma membrane binding of M1; in contrast, RACK1 is recruited to detergent‐resistant membranes in a M1‐proline‐16‐dependent manner. The proline‐16 mutation in M1 and depletion of RACK1 impairs the pinching‐off of the budding virus particles. These findings reveal the active role of the viral matrix protein in the release of influenza A virus particles that i...

Review raises questions about why government stockpiling zanamivir, oseltamivir

Drug Topics - Top News — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Zanamivir and oseltamivir (Tamiflu, Roche) can help prevent and treat the symptoms of influenza, but there is not enough information to evaluate the drugs’ safety and efficacy for preventing the spread of flu or pneumonia, according to a new review published online January 18. (Source: Drug Topics - Top News)

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Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children

NeLM - Drug Class Focused Reviews — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Cochrane Library Area: Evidence > Drug Class Focused Reviews Background Planning for outbreaks of influenza is a high priority public health issue for national governments. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NIs) are thought to help reduce the symptoms of influenza with several possible mechanisms proposed. NIs have been stockpiled with a view to their widespread use in the event of a pandemic. However, the evidence base for this class of agents remains a source of debate. In a previous review we have documented substantial risks of publication bias of trials of NIs for influenza (60% of patient data from phase III treatment trials of oseltamivir have never been published) and reporting bias in the published trials. Our confidence in the conclusions of previous versions of this rev...

ECMO Centers and Mortality From Influenza A(H1N1) [Letters]

JAMA — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

ECMO Centers and Mortality From Influenza A(H1N1)--Reply [Letters]

JAMA — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

Review raises questions about why government stockpiling zanamivir, oseltamivir

Modern Medicine — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

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Policy: Adaptations of avian flu virus are a cause for concern

Nature AOP — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kenneth I. Berns, Arturo Casadevall, Murray L. Cohen, Susan A. Ehrlich, Lynn W. Enquist, J. Patrick Fitch, David R. Franz, Claire M. Fraser-Liggett, Christine M. Grant, Michael J. Imperiale, Joseph Kanabrocki, Paul S. Keim, Stanley M. Lemon, Stuart B. Levy, John R. Lumpkin, Jeffery F. Miller, Randall Murch, Mark E. Nance, Michael T. Osterholm, David A. Relman, James A. Roth & Anne K. Vidaver Members of the US National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity explain its recommendations on the communication of experimental work on H5N1 influenza. (Source: Nature AOP)

Influenza: It's Not Too Late to Vaccinate!Influenza: It's Not Too Late to Vaccinate!

Medscape Pharmacist Headlines — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 19:28:06 +0100

A recommendation from you is the most important factor in a patient's decision to have a flu shot. CDC Expert Commentary (Source: Medscape Pharmacist Headlines)

Targeted DNA vaccine using an electric pulse

ScienceDaily Headlines — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 14:36:36 +0100

The vaccines of the future against infections, influenza and cancer can be administered using an electrical pulse and a specially-produced DNA code, new research suggests. The DNA code programs the body’s own cells to produce a super-fast missile defense against the disease, researchers say. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

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A case of novel swine influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia complicated with virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 06:32:07 +0100

Abstract Influenza related to complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis have sporadically been reported. However, influenza A (H1N1)-virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) has rarely been reported. A 39-year old woman complained of high fever and was referred to us. Chest infiltrations in both lungs and a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimen was confirmed and she was diagnosed with influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia. Pancytopenia was found, and hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) was diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration. Following intravenous administration of antiflu drug and combination therapy of steroid pulse and erythromycin IV, the patient’s respiratory dysfunction a...

Dual use research: H5N1 influenza virus and beyond

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(New York Academy of Sciences) The US National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity recently recommended that journals Nature and Science remove certain methodological details from controversial studies on H5N1 to minimize the risk of these findings being misused by would-be bioterrorists. On Feb. 2, the New York Academy of Sciences brings together leading scientists, publishers, and legal experts to explore the issues surrounding the impending publication of these studies, including matters of censorship and public safety. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

Characteristics, Services, and Infection Control Practices of New York City Assisted Living Facilities, 2010

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionNYC ALFs were varied in terms of nursing services offered, characteristics, and residents’ needs; therefore, public health agencies may need to be flexible in their assistance. Public health agencies should consider strengthening relationships with ALFs to identify unmet needs and gaps in services. (Source: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society)

Vaccination coverage among medical residents in Paris, France

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractMedical residents are particularly exposed to the risk of occupational infection. We aimed to determine the vaccination coverage in residents with an anonymous self‐reporting electronic questionnaire. A total of 250 residents entered this survey. Vaccination rates were particularly high for mandatory vaccinations (diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, hepatitis B virus and tuberculosis). Regarding recommended vaccinations (influenza 45.6%, pertussis 65.2%, measles 62.8%, varicella 62.8%), rates were insufficient to prevent hospital epidemics, but higher than those reported in other healthcare workers. Further immunization programmes should target residents, and not only senior healthcare workers, with a critical role for occupational medicine departments. (Source: Clinical Microbio...

Development of label-free optical diagnosis for sensitive detection of influenza virus with genetically engineered fusion protein.

Talanta — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Park TJ, Lee SJ, Kim DK, Heo NS, Park JY, Lee SY Abstract An active immobilization method utilizing the metal-binding property was developed and examined for its ability to facilitate the biosensing of avian influenza virus. The special biosensing performance with optical plasmonic analysis, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was evaluated on gold substrate and also by SPR imaging (SPRi) and localized SPR (LSPR) system where antigen-antibody interaction occurs. A complete optical analytical system was developed by integrating microarray and fabricating nanoparticles onto a single glass chip, thus allowing specific and sensitive diagnosis with subsequent binding. Reaction condition for the maximum reactivity was optimized by SPR analysis and more sensitive interactio...

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Barriers to and facilitators of child influenza vaccine - Perspectives from parents, teens, marketing and healthcare professionals.

Vaccine — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: To improve influenza vaccination rates for children using practice-based interventions, participants suggested campaigns that provide better information regarding the vaccine, the disease and its implications, and convenient access to vaccination. Strategies targeting adolescents should use web-based social marketing technologies and campaigns based in schools. PMID: 22300721 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Influenza Vaccination in the Face of Immune Exhaustion: Is Herd Immunity Effective for Protecting the Elderly?

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 11:22:18 +0100

At the start of the 21st century, seasonal influenza virus infection is still a major public health concern across the world. The recent body of evidence confirms that trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (TIVs) are not optimal within the population who account for approximately 90% of all influenza-related death: elderly and chronically ill individuals regardless of age. With the ever increasing aging of the world population and the recent fears of any pandemic influenza rife, great efforts and resources have been dedicated to developing more immunogenic vaccines and strategies for enhancing protection in these higher-risk groups. This paper describes the mechanisms that shape immune response at the extreme ages of life and how they have been taken into account to design more effe...

Preexisting influenza-specific CD4+ T cells correlate with disease protection against influenza challenge in humans

Nature Medicine — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tom M Wilkinson, Chris K F Li, Cecilia S C Chui, Arthur K Y Huang, Molly Perkins, Julia C Liebner, Rob Lambkin-Williams, Anthony Gilbert, John Oxford, Ben Nicholas, Karl J Staples, Tao Dong, Daniel C Douek, Andrew J McMichael & Xiao-Ning Xu (Source: Nature Medicine)

New information for flu fight: Researchers study RNA interference to determine host genes used by influenza for virus replication

ScienceDaily Headlines — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 21:27:27 +0100

Fact Sheet: Protect Yourself Against H3N2v and Seasonal Influenza (Flu)

CDC Flu updates — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 18:16:00 +0100

(Source: CDC Flu updates)

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The role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases—a review

Tropical Animal Health and Production — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:54:44 +0100

Abstract Nuclear and nuclear-related technologies have played an important role in animal health, particularly in relation to disease diagnosis and characterization of pathogenic organisms. This review focuses primarily on how and where nuclear technologies, both non-isotopic and isotopic methods, have made their impact in the past and where it might be expected they could have an impact in the future. The review outlines the extensive use of radiation attenuation in attempts to create vaccines for a multiplicity of pathogenic organisms and how the technology is being re-examined in the light of recent advances in irradiation techniques and cryopreservation/lyophilization that might obviate some of the problems of maintenance of viable, attenuate vaccines and their transpo...

Evolution and adaptation of hemagglutinin gene of human H5N1 influenza virus

Virus Genes — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:53:08 +0100

Abstract The H5N1 HPAI virus has brought heavy loss to poultry industry. Although, there exists limited human-to-human transmission, it poses potential serious risks to public health. HA is responsible for receptor-binding and membrane-fusion and contains the host receptor-binding sites and major epitopes for neutralizing antibodies. To investigate molecular adaption of HPAI H5N1 viruses, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of HA sequences with 240 HPAI virus strains isolated from human. The topology of the tree reveals overall clustering of strains in four major clusters based on geographic location, and shows antigenic diversity of HA of human H5N1 isolates co-circulating in Asia, Africa, and Europe. The four clusters possess distinct features within the cleavage site a...

[News & Analysis] H5N1: Flu Controversy Spurs Research Moratorium

Science: Current Issue — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:42:31 +0100

Amid a growing global controversy over the potential dangers of experiments involving the H5N1 avian influenza virus, a group of leading influenza researchers last week agreed to a 60-day moratorium on some sensitive flu studies.Author: David Malakoff (Source: Science: Current Issue)

[News & Analysis] H5N1: Ron Fouchier: In the Eye of the Storm

Science: Current Issue — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:42:31 +0100

Science talked to Ron Fouchier of Erasmus MC in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who carried out one of the two controversial H5N1 avian influenza studies that triggered the international debate.Author: Martin Enserink (Source: Science: Current Issue)

The influenza vaccine market is projected to reach $US4 billion by 2015, despite a decline in 2011

PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 15:13:30 +0100

(Source: PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News)

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Adenoviruses - Viruses that Affect Children and Adults

Disabled World — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 14:15:22 +0100

Adenoviruses are common and can cause illness in both children and adults. While the majority of the illnesses people experience are not serious, adenoviruses cause respiratory illness most of the time. The viruses can also cause diarrhea, fever, bladder infection, rash illness, and pink eye. (Source: Disabled World)

Older adults may be vulnerable to new swine flu virus

CTV Health — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 12:50:01 +0100

There may be a lot more vulnerability in the population to a new swine influenza virus than was first thought, new Canadian research suggests. (Source: CTV Health)

In Battle To Prevent Pandemic Infection, Clinical Technique Sets New Standard For Speed

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

A new diagnosis technique developed by researchers at the RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC) has succeeded in detecting influenza virus infection in only 40 minutes and with one hundred times the sensitivity of conventional methods. Clinical research conducted in 2009 and 2010 confirms the new technique accurately identified the 2009 pandemic (pdm) influenza virus in Japanese patients less than 24 hours after fever onset, much faster than standard diagnostic tests... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of 5‐substituted‐2‐(4‐substituted phenyl)‐1,3‐benzoxazoles as a novel class of influenza virus A inhibitors

Chemical Biology and Drug Design — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The diversity‐oriented chemistry synthesis together with the random screening approach has permitted the discovery and optimization of novel antiviral lead compounds. In this paper, a series of novel 5‐substituted‐2‐(4‐substituted phenyl)‐1,3‐benzoxazoles was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti‐influenza A virus (IFV‐A) and anti‐influenza B virus (IFV‐B) activity. The activity was monitored by the MTS assay in the Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Compound 7h showed excellent inhibitory activity and selective index against A/H3N2 (EC50 = 37.03 μM, SI>5), which were all higher than that of the reference drug Oseltamivir (EC50 >59.00 μM, SI>1). However, no compound displays inhibitory activity against influenza B virus.© 2012 John Wiley...

Study offers new information for flu fight

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(University of Georgia) Influenza virus can rapidly evolve from one form to another, complicating the effectiveness of vaccines and anti-viral drugs used to treat it. By first understanding the complex host cell pathways that the flu uses for replication, University of Georgia researchers are finding new strategies for therapies and vaccines, according to a study published in the January issue of the Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

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Immune response to an adjuvanted influenza A H1N1 vaccine (Pandemrix(R)) in renal transplant recipients

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. These data suggest that Pandemrix® does not provide a protective immune response in the majority of kidney transplant recipients. Therefore, for new vaccines, efficacy as well as safety profiles should be evaluated in this subgroup of patients. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

Different virucidal activities of hyperbranched quaternary ammonium coatings on poliovirus and influenza virus.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tuladhar E, de Koning M, Fundeanu I, Beumer R, Duizer E Abstract Virucidal activity of immobilized quaternary ammonium compounds (IQACs) coated onto glass and plastic surfaces was tested against enveloped influenza A (H1N1) virus and non-enveloped poliovirus Sabin1. The IQACs tested were virucidal against the influenza virus within 2 min but no virucidal effect against poliovirus was found in 6 h. PMID: 22287007 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

The unmet need in the elderly: How immunosenescence, CMV infection, co-morbidities and frailty are a challenge for the development of more effective influenza vaccines.

Vaccine — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: McElhaney JE, Zhou X, Talbot HK, Soethout E, Bleackley RC, Granville D, Pawelec G Abstract Influenza remains the single most important cause of excess disability and mortality during the winter months. In spite of widespread influenza vaccination programs leading to demonstrated cost-savings in the over 65 population, hospitalization and death rates for acute respiratory illnesses continue to rise. As a person ages, increased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines are commonly recorded (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6). Termed "inflammaging", this has been linked to persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and immune senescence, while increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) are possibly associated with more healthy aging. Paradoxically, a shift with aging toward an anti...

Study Finds Virus to Be Fast Learner on Infecting

NYT Health — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 01:28:15 +0100

Researchers report that viruses deprived of their usual channel for infiltrating the E. coli bacterium evolved a different route into the cells in little more than two weeks. (Source: NYT Health)

Effect of a best-practice alert on the rate of influenza vaccination of pregnant women.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:42:46 +0100

CONCLUSION: : Both our rate of vaccination of pregnant women against influenza and the rate of a documented discussion regarding vaccination increased after implementation of the best-practice alert. We recommend that users of electronic medical records add a best-practice alert to improve influenza vaccination rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : II. PMID: 22270281 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

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Cost-benefit analysis of in-hospital influenza vaccination of postpartum women.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:42:35 +0100

CONCLUSION: : Our model suggests that postpartum influenza vaccination is a cost-beneficial approach for prevention of maternal and infantile influenza from a societal perspective. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : III. PMID: 22270282 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

In Real Time, a Virus Learns a New Way to Infect

NYT Health — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 19:26:55 +0100

Researchers report that viruses deprived of their usual channel for infiltrating the E. coli bacterium evolved a different route into the cells in little more than two weeks. (Source: NYT Health)

Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: We found a high risk of publication and reporting biases in the trial programme of oseltamivir. Sub-population analyses of the influenza infected population in the oseltamivir trial programme are not possible because the two arms are non-comparable due to oseltamivir's apparent interference with antibody production. The evidence supports a direct oseltamivir mechanism of action on symptoms but we are unable to draw conclusions about its effect on complications or transmission. We expect full clinical study reports containing study protocol, reporting analysis plan, statistical analysis plan and individual patient data to clarify outstanding issues. These full clinical study reports are at present unavailable to us. PMID: 22258996 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Dat...

Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: AMT is effective in preventing influenza A in children but the NNTB is high (NNTB: 12 (95% CI 9 to 17). RMT probably helps the abatement of fever on day three of treatment, but the quality of the evidence is poor. Due to the small number of available studies, we could not reach a definitive conclusion on the safety of AMT or the effectiveness of RMT in preventing influenza in children and the elderly. PMID: 22258950 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in children.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Oseltamivir and zanamivir appear to have modest benefit in reducing duration of illness in children with influenza. However, our analysis was limited by small sample sizes and an inability to pool data from different studies. Oseltamivir reduces the incidence of acute otitis media in children aged one to five years but is associated with a significantly increased risk of vomiting. One study demonstrated that laninamivir octanoate was more effective than oseltamivir in shortening duration of illness in children with oseltamivir-resistant influenza A/H1N1. The benefit of oseltamivir and zanamivir in preventing the transmission of influenza in households is modest and based on weak evidence. However, the clinical efficacy of neuraminidase inhibitors in 'at risk' children is still...

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The role of facemasks and hand hygiene in the prevention of influenza transmission in households: results from a cluster randomised trial; Berlin, Germany, 2009-2011.

BMC Infectious Diseases — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Results suggest that household transmission of influenza can be reduced by the use of NPI, such as facemasks and intensified hand hygiene, when implemented early and used diligently. Concerns about acceptability and tolerability of the interventions should not be a reason against their recommendation.The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT00833885). (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 antibodies after pandemic and trivalent seasonal influenza vaccination as well as natural infection in November 2010 in Hamburg, Germany.

Euro Surveill — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 03:06:03 +0100

Authors: Cramer J, Mac T, Hogan B, Stauga S, Eberhardt S, Wichmann O, Mertens T, Burchard G PMID: 22264864 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Euro Surveill)

Cross-reactive antibody to swine influenza A(H3N2) subtype virus in children and adults before and after immunisation with 2010/11 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in Canada, August to November 2010

Eurosurveillance latest news — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Eurosurveillance latest news)

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination policies and coverage in Europe

Eurosurveillance latest news — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Eurosurveillance latest news)

Influenza Vaccine in Young Children

New England Journal of Medicine — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 22:00:11 +0100

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 366, Issue 4, Page 383-384, January 2012. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

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Wisconsin Scientist Says H5N1 Flu Strain He Created Is Less Dangerous

NYT Health — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 19:28:29 +0100

A Wisconsin researcher said his team’s version of the H5N1 bird flu virus is not as lethal as that developed by Dutch researchers. (Source: NYT Health)

How Young Adults Deal With Influenza

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 10:00:00 +0100

Only about one in five young adults in their late 30s received a flu shot during the 2009-2010 swine flu epidemic, according to a University of Michigan report that details the behavior and attitudes of Generation X. But about 65 percent were at least moderately concerned about the flu, and nearly 60 percent said they were following the issue very or moderately closely... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Decision Of Researchers To Temporarily Halt Research On H5N1 Applauded By Georgetown Professor

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

A Georgetown University Medical Center professor says the voluntary action taken by two research teams to temporarily halt work involving the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 is "laudable." In the researchers' statement, published by Science and Nature, the authors stated that they "recognize that we and the rest of the scientific community need to clearly explain the benefits of this important research and the measures taken to minimize its possible risks." The statement comes in the wake of a debate following the U.S... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

How Generation X Deals with Influenza

Medical Headlines From Ivanhoe.com — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Ivanhoe Newswire) -- A quarterly research report from the Longitudinal Study of American Youth, The Generation X Report, shows one in five adults in their late 30s received a flu shot during the 2009-2010 swine flu epidemic. (Source: Medical Headlines From Ivanhoe.com)

Public health management of antiviral drugs during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic: A survey of local health departments in California

BMC Public Health - Latest articles — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic presented an unusual opportunity to learn about the role of local public health in the management of antiviral response activities during a real public health emergency. Results of this study offer an important descriptive account of LHD management of publicly purchased antivirals, and provide practitioners, policy makers, and academics with a practice-based assessment of these events. The issues raised and the challenges faced by LHDs should be leveraged to inform public health planning for future pandemics and other emergency events that require medical countermeasure dispensing activities. (Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles)

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Clinical technique sets new standard for speed in battle to prevent pandemic infection

EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(RIKEN) A new diagnosis technique developed by researchers at the RIKEN Omics Science Center has succeeded in detecting influenza virus infection in only 40 minutes and with 100 times the sensitivity of conventional methods. Clinical research conducted in 2009 and 2010 confirms the new technique accurately identified the 2009 pandemic influenza virus in Japanese patients less than 24 hours after fever onset, much faster than standard diagnostic tests. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)

Multiparametric cytometry for exploration of complex cellular dynamics

Cytometry Part A — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe development of polychromatic cytometry has contributed to significant progress in the field of human immunology. Although numerous functional studies of rare cell populations have been performed using this technology, here we used polychromatic cytometry to explore the dynamics of complex cellular systems implicated in innate immunity. We used PBMC stimulated with live influenza virus as an experimental model. We studied the time course of activation of PBMC, which contain DC, monocytes, and NK cells, all of which are, in addition to their innate immune properties, susceptible to Flu infection. We developed 12 color panels to investigate intracellular expression of IFN‐α, TNF‐α, IL‐12, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, CD107, and influenza virus nucleoprotein simultaneously in these ce...

FDA Clears 10-Minute Flu Test for MarketingFDA Clears 10-Minute Flu Test for Marketing

Medscape Medical News Headlines — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 21:27:49 +0100

Diagnostic devices maker Alere Inc said U.S. health regulators cleared its rapid influenza test for use in the country. FDA Approvals (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)

Avian influenza - situation in China - update

WHO Disease Outbreaks — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 11:58:00 +0100

The Ministry of Health of China has notified WHO of a human case of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection.‬‪ (Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks)

Full-length characterization and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 virus isolated from broilers in Iran during 1998–2007

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:26:50 +0100

Abstract H9N2 avian influenza A viruses (AIV) have become panzootic in Eurasia over the last decade and are endemic in Iran since 1998, and inactivated vaccine has been used in chickens to control the disease. The hemagglutinin (HA), one of eight protein-coding genes, plays an important role during the early stage of infection. To study their evolution and zoonotic potential, we conducted an in silico analysis of H9N2 viruses that have infected broiler in Tehran Province, Iran between 1998 and 2007. The complete coding region of HA genes from nine H9N2 subtypes isolated from chicken flocks in Tehran Province during 1998–2007 was amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic studies of H9N2 subtype viruses on the basis of data of 9 viruses in this study and ...

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Axillary lymph node accumulation on FDG-PET/CT after influenza vaccination

Annals of Nuclear Medicine — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:21:06 +0100

Conclusions Recent influenza vaccination before FDG-PET/CT examination may cause ipsilateral axillary lymph node accumulations, especially within several days after vaccination. Questionnaires about vaccination can help to avoid false interpretation of FDG avid axillary lymph nodes. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original articlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s12149-011-0568-xAuthors Norihisa Shirone, Department of Radiology, Takai Hospital, 461-2 Kuranosho-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-0006, JapanTakayuki Shinkai, Department of Radiation Oncology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, JapanTomohiko Yamane, Division of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2, Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, JapanF...

Generation X: How young adults deal with influenza

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(University of Michigan) Only about one in five young adults in their late 30s received a flu shot during the 2009-2010 swine flu epidemic, according to a University of Michigan report that details the behavior and attitudes of Generation X. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

Updates on the genetic variations of Norovirus in sporadic gastroenteritis in Chungnam Korea, 2009-2010

Virology Journal — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Previously, we explored the epidemic pattern and molecular characterization of noroviruses (NoVs) isolated in Chungnam, Korea in 2008, and the present study extended these observations to 2009 and 2010. In Korea, NoVs showed the seasonal prevalence from late fall to spring, and widely detected in preschool children and peoples over 60 years of age. Epidemiological pattern of NoV was similar in 2008 and in 2010, but pattern in 2009 was affected by pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus. NoV-positive samples were subjected to sequence determination of the capsid gene region, which resolved the isolated NoVs into five GI (2, 6, 7, 9 and 10) and eleven GII genotypes (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 16 and 17). The most prevalent genotype was GII.4 and occupied 130 out of 211 NoV isolates (61.6%). C...

Immunogenicity and safety of the influenza A H1N1v 2009 vaccine in cancer patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy: the VACANCE study

Annals of Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: A single dose of AS03-adjuvanted A/H1N1 vaccine triggered a low immune response in cancer patients on chemotherapy depending on their treatment type and frequency. Two doses are needed for these cancer patients. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

Revisiting influenza deaths estimates--Learning from the H1N1 pandemic

The European Journal of Public Health — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: The European Journal of Public Health)

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The burden of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in the Netherlands

The European Journal of Public Health — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This disease burden estimate confirmed that, although there was a higher mortality observed among young people, the 2009 pandemic was overall a mild influenza epidemic. The disease burden of this pandemic was comparable to the burden of seasonal influenza in the Netherlands. (Source: The European Journal of Public Health)

Limited Human-to-Human Transmission of Novel Influenza A (H3N2) Virus--Iowa, November 2011 [From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]

JAMA — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

Notice to Readers: Revised Estimates of the Public Health Impact of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccination [From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]

JAMA — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

Role of Water Fleas (Daphnia magna) in the Accumulation of Avian Influenza Viruses from the Surrounding Water

Intervirology — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Intervirology (DOI:10.1159/000334691) (Source: Intervirology)

Researchers Temporarily Halt Research on H5N1 Avian Influenza

Disabled World — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 19:05:18 +0100

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Influenza virus vaccine: Giant cell arteritis with polymyalgia rheumatica in an elderly patient: case report

Reactions — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 18:35:21 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

FDA clears Alere flu test for marketing

Reuters: Health — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 14:57:23 +0100

(Reuters) - Diagnostic devices maker Alere Inc said U.S. health regulators cleared its rapid influenza test for use in the country. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Georgetown professor applauds decision of researchers to temporarily halt research on H5N1

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Georgetown University Medical Center) A Georgetown University Medical Center professor says the voluntary action taken by two research teams to temporarily halt work involving the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 is "laudable." (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

NHS Choices publishes assessment of reports casting doubt over the efficacy of oseltamivir (Tamiflu®)

NeLM - News — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: NHS Choices, British Medical Journal Area: News The 'Behind the Headlines' service from NHS Choices has published a quality assessment of press reports that there have been doubts cast over the efficacy of oseltamivir (Tamiflu), as the manufacturer has been 'accused of secrecy over trial data' (reported by the Daily Telegraph and others, 18th January 2012). The assessment notes that these reports follow the publication of a Cochrane systematic review, which sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) and zanamivir (Relenza®) in preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children. The authors of the Cochrane review note that a previous review of this topic documented substantial risks of publication bia...

BMJ publishes articles discussing the Cochrane review on oseltamivir and its implications

NeLM - News — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: NHS Choices, British Medical Journal Area: News A Cochrane systematic review which sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) and zanamivir (Relenza®) in preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children has recently been published. The authors found a high risk of publication and reporting biases in the oseltamivir trial programme and were unable to draw conclusions about its effect on complications or transmission, as they were unable to obtain the full set of clinical study reports or obtain verification of data from the manufacturer. The BMJ has featured a news article reporting on the Cochrane review. This notes that the Cochrane group reviewed over 16,000 pages of clini...

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Improving global influenza surveillance: trends of A(H5N1) virus in Africa and Asia

BMC Research Notes — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our study reveals that some countries suffering from human cases of avian influenza have limited participation (e.g. genetic surveillance or data share) with global surveillance networks. Also, we demonstrate that the implementation of genetic surveillance programs could increase and strengthen worldwide epidemic and pandemic preparedness. We hope that this work promotes new discussions between policy makers and health surveillance organizations to improve current methodologies and regulations. (Source: BMC Research Notes)

Influenza A 2009 (H1N1) Virus in Admitted and Critically Ill Patients

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: A high percentage of patients with H1N1 presented with underlying comorbid conditions including asthma and pregnancy. Traditional markers of pneumonia severity including CURB-65 score, Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), serum lactate, and AG did not correlate with ICU admission in patients with H1N1. Strong ion gap effectively identified significant acid–base disturbances not identified by lactate or AG, however the trend of greater ICU admission rates among patients with elevated SIG did not reach statistical significance. Further study is needed to identify clinical tools to aid in risk-stratifying H1N1 patients. (Source: Journal of Intensive Care Medicine)

A 24-Year-Old Man With Cough, Rhabdomyolysis, and Pneumomediastinum

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Community-acquired MRSA pneumonia is a growing health threat that typically presents in young adults after, or in conjunction with, a flu-like illness. It is characterized by a rapidly progressive deteriorating clinical course. (Source: Journal of Intensive Care Medicine)

Characterizing antiviral mechanism of interleukin-32 and a circulating soluble isoform in viral infection.

Cytokine — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bae S, Kang D, Hong J, Chung B, Choi J, Jhun H, Hong K, Kim E, Jo S, Lee S, Kim SH, Kim S Abstract Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is an inflammatory cytokine, and its activity is associated with various auto-inflammatory disorders as well as infectious pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and viral infections. However, the precise antiviral mechanism of IL-32 remains unclear. We assessed the IL-32 level in the sera of H1N1 influenza A patients and IL-32 level was significantly elevated. Next we examined the antiviral activity of recombinant IL-32γ (rIL-32γ) with WISH cells infected by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) but no antiviral activity was observed. Therefore we investigated the supernatant of rIL-32-treated THP-1 cells since this cell line effectively responded ...

China Reports 2nd Bird Flu Death in Month

NYT Health — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 04:22:11 +0100

Both of the deaths in China were notable because neither victim reported any contact with birds in the month preceding his illness. (Source: NYT Health)

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Influenza immunisation program at three tertiary paediatric hospitals in NSW in 2010.

New South Wales Public Health Bulletin — Sun, 22 Jan 2012 04:06:49 +0100

Authors: Wood NJ, Cashman PM Abstract This is a report of an innovative influenza immunisation program in three tertiary paediatric hospitals in NSW. A targeted once-off program of influenza immunisation funded by NSW Health was offered during 2010 at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospital and the John Hunter Children's Hospital. Authorised immunisers offered influenza immunisation to paediatric patients, outpatients and relatives of children with chronic illnesses. Influenza immunisation was administered to 3458 people, 1251 (36%) of whom were children with chronic conditions. In 2009 before the program, 420 influenza vaccines were prescribed for children in two of these hospitals. This number increased to 949 in 2010, the year of the program. Dedicated va...

Pharmacophore Modeling, 3D‐QSAR Studies, and in‐silico ADME Prediction of Pyrrolidine Derivatives as Neuraminidase Inhibitors

Chemical Biology and Drug Design — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 19:14:42 +0100

Neuraminidase (NA) is a major glycoprotein of influenza virus which is essential for viral infection. It offers a potential target for antiviral drug development. To develop potent NA inhibitors, pharmacophore models were generated by genetic algorithm with linear assignment for hypermolecular alignment of data sets. 3D‐QSAR studies were carried out on 49 molecules. Both comparative molecular field analysis (q2 = 0.720 and r2 = 0.947) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (q2 = 0.644 and r2 = 0.885) yielded reasonable results. A preliminary pharmacokinetic profile of these neuraminidase inhibitors was predicted using Volsurf module.3D‐QSAR studies of a series of pyrrolidine neuraminidase inhibitors were carried out to understand the structural basis for ...

Epidemic fears see bird flu doctors halt research

The Independent - Science — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 16:22:47 +0100

Influenza experts have agreed to a two-month voluntary ban on research into a highly dangerous strain of bird-flu virus because of fears that it may escape from their laboratories to cause a global human epidemic. (Source: The Independent - Science)

Bird Flu Scientists Agree to Pause H5N1 Research

NYT Health — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 06:42:05 +0100

A national biosecurity panel in the United States had asked researchers who produced a more contagious form of the bird flu virus to keep some data secret. (Source: NYT Health)

Scientists Developing Deadly Bird Flu Mutations Agree to Pause Research

Forbes.com Healthcare News — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 05:36:02 +0100

Amid growing controversy, scientists in two laboratories have agreed to temporarily suspend their work on mutations of the H5N1 influenza virus, or bird flu, according to a letter published in the journals Nature and Science. (Source: Forbes.com Healthcare News)

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Bird flu scientists suspend work amid epidemic fears

Guardian Unlimited Science — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 22:07:42 +0100

Researchers announce 60-day suspension to allow debate about security of their attempts to prevent spread of virusScientists trying to prevent bird flu from killing millions of people have suspended their work because of fears they might accidentally cause the epidemic they hope to stop, according to a letter published on Friday in scientific journals.Researchers from around the world signed a letter in the Nature and Science journals in which they announced a 60-day suspension to allow a public debate about the security of their work.The letter comes after developments in the study of bird flu in which scientists have created a similar virus that can be passed between mammals.Bird flu can only be caught by humans from birds such as chickens but it is usually lethal. Scientists fear that b...

Flu Researchers Will Halt Controversial Studies for 60 Days

MedPage Today Infectious Disease — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 21:13:04 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- Scientists involved in controversial influenza research say they'll halt such studies for 60 days to allow discussion of how their findings should be reported. (Source: MedPage Today Infectious Disease)

Scientists Voluntarily Pause Controversial Research

AAAS — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 20:25:38 +0100

Science: Confronting the Implications of Research on H5N1 Avian Influenza Scientists working on the transmission of the H5N1 avian influenza strain voluntarily agreed to halt research for 60 days to allow time for international discussion of its benefits and risks. (Source: AAAS)

Are Controls on Bird Flu Research a Good Idea?

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 20:22:00 +0100

Two scientists who independently concocted potentially dangerous strains of bird flu viruses and have had the bioweapons community in a tizzy for the past month with the pending publication of their work today said that they would suspend their research for 60 days . The announcement is intended to be a kind of time out, a chance for everyone to catch up with the realization that influenza is no longer solely a matter of public health, but is now a potential bioweapon. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)

Bird flu researchers suspend study of deadlier mutations

Reuters: Health — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 17:25:08 +0100

(Reuters) - Researchers studying a potentially deadlier, airborne version of the H5N1 influenza virus, or bird flu, have voluntarily suspended their research for 60 days, according to a letter published in the journals Nature and Science on Friday. (Source: Reuters: Health)

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International Program Highlight

CDC Flu updates — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 16:09:00 +0100

Africa Influenza Surveillance Advances with Recent Data Management Training (Source: CDC Flu updates)

Avian influenza – situation in Viet Nam

WHO Disease Outbreaks — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 09:00:00 +0100

The Ministry of Health (MoH) has announced a confirmed case of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. (Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks)

Variability among the neuraminidase, non-structural 1 and PB1-F2 proteins in the influenza A virus genome

Virus Genes — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 07:46:44 +0100

Abstract Influenza A viruses infect a large number of mammals and birds resulting in sporadic infections, seasonal epidemics, epizootics and pandemics. The segmented genome of the virus encodes 10 or 11 proteins depending on the strain. The neuraminidase, non-structural 1 and the PB1-F2 proteins are known to be variable in their length due to very specific deletions, truncations and elongations. This review presents an update on what is currently known about these three proteins and discusses their length variations in relation to virulence and host adaptation in addition to identifying possible areas of future research. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s11262-012-0714-0Authors William G. Dundon, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Avian Inf...

Soluble RAGE as a severity marker in community acquired pneumonia associated sepsis

BMC Infectious Diseases — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The association of elevated sRAGE with a fatal outcome suggests that it may have an independent causal effect in CAP. SOFA scores were the only clinical factor with the ability to identify surviving and ARDS patients. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

Differing clinical characteristics between influenza strains among young healthy adults in the tropics

BMC Infectious Diseases — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study aims to determine the clinical differences between circulating influenza strains in a young healthy adult population in the tropics. Methods: A febrile respiratory illness (FRI) (fever[greater than or equal to] 37.5 degrees centigrade with cough and/or sore throat) surveillance program was started in 4 large military camps in Singapore on May 2009. Personnel with FRI who visited the camp clinics from 11 May 2009 to 25 June 2010 were recruited. Nasal washes and interviewer-administered questionnaires on demographic information and clinical features were obtained from consenting participants. All personnel who tested positive for influenza were included in the study. Overall symptom load was quantified by counting the symptoms or signs, and differences between strains evaluated us...

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Lectin-mediated innate defences are important in limiting disease in influenza

Thorax — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study investigates the effect of blocking these defences on antiviral activities and disease severity in influenza infection. Mice were infected with two influenza viruses that differ in the degree of glycosylation of the surface glycoprotein haemagluttinin. Infection with the poorly glycosylated H1N1 virus PR8 resulted in rapid weight loss and a 100% 5-day mortality, whereas the highly glycosylated PR8 reassortant BJx109 resulted in no significant weight loss and a 0% 10-day mortality. This result was replicated in knockout mice with impaired B and T cell function demonstrating that the innate immune system was sufficient to limit disease. In vitro only the highly glycosylated BJx109 (H3N2) virus infected airway macrophages to high levels and was neutralised by mouse bronchoalveolar ...

Effects of Coarse Particulate Matter on Emergency Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Diseases: A Time Series Analysis in Hong Kong

EHP-in-Press — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: PMc was associated with emergency hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in Hong Kong independent of PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants. Further research is needed to evaluate health effects of different components of PMc. (Source: EHP-in-Press)

Therapeutic efficacy of Hypericum perforatum L. extract for mice infected with an influenza A virus.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Xiuying P, Jianping L, Ruofeng S, Liye Z, Xuehong W, Yan L Abstract Hypericum perforatum L., a plant used in Chinese herbal medicine, has been proven effective against many viral diseases. In the present study, the therapeutic efficacy of an extract of H. perforatum (HPE) against influenza A virus (IAV) was investigated in mice. Whether HPE would be a promising agent for influenza treatment was evaluated by measuring the protection rate, mean survival days, lung index, and viral titer, as well as the secretion of IL-6, interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in lung tissue and serum on days 3 and 5 post-infection. The results showed that HPE could reduce the lung index and viral titer of mice infected with IAV, decrease mo...

Avian Flu Scientists Will ‘Pause’ Controversial Research for 60 Days

RWJF News Digest - Public Health — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The authors of a pair of studies on a deadly strain of H5N1 virus — also known as avian or bird influenza — have signed a letter saying they will “pause” such research for 60 days to allow an international scientific discussion about the controversy. (Source: RWJF News Digest - Public Health)

Pause on avian flu transmission studies

Nature — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ron A. M. Fouchier, Adolfo García-Sastre & Yoshihiro Kawaoka The continuous threat of an influenza pandemic represents one of the biggest challenges in public health. Influenza pandemics are known to be caused by viruses that evolve from animal reservoirs, such as birds and pigs, and can acquire genetic changes that increase their ability to (Source: Nature)

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Continuous Fluorometric Assay for Sialidase Activity and Inhibition with Conjugated Polyelectrolytes.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wang YJ, Gu ZY, Xing GW Abstract Turn off: The interaction of enzyme substrate p-nitrophenyl α-D-N-acetylneuraminide (PNP-Neu5 Ac, see picture) with anionic conjugated polyelectrolytes is exploited in a new fluorometric approach for continuous and rapid assay of influenza-related sialidase activity and inhibition. PMID: 22267268 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemistry, an Asian Journal)

Hydrogen sulfide and particle matter levels associated with increased dispensing of anti-asthma drugs in Iceland's capital.

Environmental Research — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that intermittent increases in levels of particle matter from traffic and natural sources and ambient H(2)S levels were weakly associated with increased dispensing of drugs for obstructive pulmonary disease in Iceland's capital area. These weak associations could be confounded by unevaluated variables hence further studies are needed. PMID: 22264878 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Research)

Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of an alphavirus replicon-based swine influenza virus hemagglutinin vaccine.

Vaccine — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Veen RL, Loynachan AT, Mogler MA, Russell BJ, Harris HD, Kamrud KI Abstract A single-cycle, propagation-defective replicon particle (RP) vaccine expressing a swine influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) gene was constructed and evaluated in several different animal studies. Studies done in both the intended host (pigs) and non-host (mice) species demonstrated that the RP vaccine is not shed or spread by vaccinated animals to comingled cohorts, nor does it revert to virulence following vaccination. In addition, vaccinated pigs develop both specific humoral and IFN-γ immune responses, and young pigs are protected against homologous influenza virus challenge. PMID: 22269873 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Complicated secondary pneumonia after Swine-origin influenza a virus infection in an immunocompetent patient.

Herpes — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 03:30:02 +0100

We report an immunocompetent patient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Herpes simplex virus (HSV) pneumonia secondary to S-OIV infection. A 57-year-old man previously without major medical illness was admitted to our hospital with severe pneumonia accompanied by ARDS due to S-OIV. In his clinical course, anti-influenza treatment was not effective. Sputum culture revealed the presence of MRSA, and HSV was isolated in broncho-alveoler lavage (BAL) fluid. Administration of an antiviral agent (acyclovir), an antibacterial agent (linezolid), and a corticosteroid (methylprednisolone) successfully improved the pneumonia and ARDS. HSV pneumonia can scarcely be seen in healthy people. However recently it has been recognized as a ventilator-associated pneumonia. Although co...