MedWorm: Rotavirus

No Increase in Intussusception With Rotavirus Vaccine (CME/CE, with video)

MedPage Today Gastroenterology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 13:00:00 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- The risk of intussusception was not elevated in U.S. infants who received the current pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, easing concerns raised by earlier studies, researchers found. (Source: MedPage Today Gastroenterology)

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Intussusception Risk Not Elevated with Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine

Physician's First Watch current issue — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Physician's First Watch current issue)

Rotavirus Vaccine Not Linked to Risk of Intestinal Disorder

WebMD Health — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 23:20:32 +0100

Despite studies showing that the rotavirus vaccine can reduce the number of children hospitalized for severe diarrhea, some U.S. doctors are slow to embrace it for fear that this vaccine may increase an infant’s risk of a life-threatening bowel blockage (intussusception). (Source: WebMD Health)

Rotavirus vaccine not linked to bowel problems

Reuters: Health — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 21:40:58 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A new study further eases fears that the rotavirus vaccine might increase the risk of blocked bowels in infants -- a concern that led to an earlier version of the vaccine being pulled from the market in the United States. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Kids' Diarrhea Vaccine Appears Safe After All

MedlinePlus Health News — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 21:00:00 +0100

Risk of intestinal side effect didn't rise; children should be vaccinated, experts say Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Pages: Childhood Immunization, Diarrhea, Rotavirus Infections (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

Rotavirus vaccine not associated with increased risk of intestinal disorder in US infants

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(JAMA and Archives Journals) Although some data have suggested a possible increased risk of intussusception (when a portion of the small or large intestine slides forward into itself, like a telescope) after administration of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in infants, an analysis that included almost 800,000 doses administered to US infants found no increased risk of this condition following vaccination, according to a study in the Feb. 8 issue of JAMA. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

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Risk of Intussusception Following Administration of a Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine in US Infants [Original Contribution]

JAMA — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Among US infants aged 4 to 34 weeks who received RV5, the risk of intussusception was not increased compared with infants who did not receive the rotavirus vaccine. (Source: JAMA)

Intussusception rate not increased by rotavirus vaccine in US

Reactions — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 18:29:54 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Saccharomyces boulardii Speeds Resolution of Rotavirus Diarrhea

AAP Grand Rounds — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: AAP Grand Rounds)

Simultaneous presence of human herpesvirus 6 and adenovirus infections in intestinal intussusception of young children

Acta Paediatrica — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: A statistically significant association was observed between adenovirus and childhood intussusception. HHV‐6 was a common finding and occurred concomitantly with other viruses. A simultaneous infection with HHV‐6 and adenovirus carried the highest risk for intussusception.© 2012 The Author(s)/Acta Pædiatrica © 2012 Foundation Acta Pædiatrica (Source: Acta Paediatrica)

Med Sci Monit 2012; 18(2):PH12-17 "The temporal relationship between RotaTeq immunization and intussusception adverse events in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)"

Medical Science Monitor — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The present study significantly associates RotaTeq vaccination with intussusception AEs. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

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Vaccine discontinuation and switching following regulatory interventions in response to rotavirus vaccine contamination with porcine circovirus DNA fragments

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsRecommended suspension of RV1 use led to a substantial decrease in use and extensive switching to RV5. The announcement that RV5 was similarly contaminated, but without a corresponding recommendation to suspend use, had little effect on use. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety)

[Articles] 2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Lancet Infectious Diseases — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 23:05:13 +0100

Introduction of effective and available rotavirus vaccines could substantially affect worldwide deaths attributable to diarrhoea. Our new estimates can be used to advocate for rotavirus vaccine introduction and to monitor the effect of vaccination on mortality once introduced. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)

[Comment] Updating prevaccination rotavirus-associated mortality

The Lancet Infectious Diseases — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 23:05:12 +0100

In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Jacqueline Tate and colleagues assess more than 40 reports published between 2008 and 2011 and recent data from WHO-coordinated Global Surveillance Networks, which established the rate of rotavirus-associated acute gastroenteritis in children younger than 5 years who were admitted to hospital in various parts of the world. From these rates and the actual numbers of childhood deaths in different countries related to all causes of diarrhoea, Tate and colleagues obtained estimates of deaths associated with rotavirus disease. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)

Genomic characterization of a cell-culture-adapted Korean human G9P[8] rotavirus, CAU05-202

Archives of Virology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:10:05 +0100

Abstract The human rotavirus G9 strain is the fifth most common rotavirus worldwide. A human rotavirus G9P[8] strain CAU05-202 was isolated from a young child with diarrhea using a cell culture system, and its major gene sequences were determined. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene revealed that CAU05-202 clustered into genetic lineage III-d and was most closely related to G9 rotaviruses from Turkey (strain GUH13) and Sri Lanka (strain 05SLC056 and 05SLC057). VP4 and NSP4 gene analysis showed that CAU05-202 belongs to the P[8]-3 lineage and genotype B, respectively. In addition, CAU05-202 has a long RNA electropherotype, supported by VP6 gene analysis, which is clearly associated with subgroup II specificity. Analysis of the G9 rotavirus strain CAU05-202 provides informa...

Zambia: Minister Administers First Rotavirus Dose

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 10:03:59 +0100

Times of Zambia (Ndola)-MINISTER of Community Development, Mother and Child Health, Joseph Katema yesterday administered the first dose of rotavirus vaccine against diarrhoea in children under the age of five at Chawama Hospital in Lusaka. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

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European CHMP issues positive opinion on increasing age range for rotavirus vaccine (Rotateq)

NeLM - News — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: EMA Area: News The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has adopted a positive opinion recommending extension of age range for rotavirus vaccine (Rotateq) from the age of 6 weeks to 32 weeks (previously 24 weeks) for prevention of gastroenteritis due to rotavirus infection. RotaTeq is to be used on the basis of official recommendations. (Source: NeLM - News)

Improving hand hygiene in a paediatric hospital: a multimodal quality improvement approach

Quality and Safety in Health Care — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion This project has delivered sustained improvement in hand hygiene compliance by establishing a framework of multimodal evidence-based strategies. (Source: Quality and Safety in Health Care)

Unencumbered by facts: what upsets me most about the anti-vaccine movement

Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 13:30:11 +0100

Recently I watched a clip of Andrew Wakefield being interviewed on Good Morning America, and it gave me the chills. Andrew Wakefield, if you haven’t heard of him, is the guy who pretty much singlehandedly scared thousands of parents away from the MMR vaccine with a study he published in the Lancet linking the vaccine with autism. The study has since been retracted, something journals almost never do, after it was discovered that data in it was falsified. Not only that, Wakefield lost his medical license. But is he backing down? No way. On the contrary: he is suing the British Medical Journal (from Texas) for defamation. And he is still defending his findings. It was stunning to watch. George Stephanopoulos, who was interviewing him, pointed out that his colleagues who worked with him h...

Human Cholangiocyte Susceptibility to Infection With Rotavirus - Parallels to the Murine Model of Biliary Atresia

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:28:58 +0100

(Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

Recent Rotavirus Vaccines Safe, Study Says

Pharmacy News - Doctors Lounge — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 20:00:00 +0100

Gastrointestinal complications not associated with updated formulations (Source: Pharmacy News - Doctors Lounge)

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Recent Rotavirus Vaccines Safe

MedlinePlus Health News — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 19:00:00 +0100

Gastrointestinal complications not associated with updated formulations Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Page: Rotavirus Infections (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

Angola: Rotavirus Infection Blamed for Children Internment

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 13:28:32 +0100

ANGOP (Luanda)-A total of 135 cases of children with diarrhoea caused by rotavirus infection are recorded every month in Luanda "David Bernardino" Paediatric Hospital, representing the third main cause of internments and fourth of death in the institution, Angop learned Thursday here. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Marked genomic diversity of Norovirus genogroup I strains in a waterborne outbreak.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nenonen NP, Hannoun C, Larsson CU, Bergström T Abstract Marked Norovirus (NoV) diversity was detected in patient samples from a large community outbreak of gastroenteritis with waterborne epidemiology affecting approximately 2400 people. NoV was detected in 33 of 50 patient samples examined by group-specific real-time RT-PCR. NoV genotype (G)I strains predominated in 31 patients with mixed GI infections occurring in five of these patients. Sequence-analysis of RNA-dependent polymerase-N/S capsid-coding regions (approx. 900 nt) confirmed dominance of GI strains (n=36). Strains of NoV GI.4 (n=21), and GI.7 (n=9) were identified, but 6 strains required full capsid amino acid analyses (530-550 aa,) before definitive genotyping based on control sequencing of cloned amplicons. ...

Evaluation of a multiplex real time reverse transcription PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of the most common human rotavirus genotypes.

Journal of Virological Methods — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction protocol using primers and TaqMan(®) probes specific for viral VP4 and VP7 genes was evaluated. This assay offers simultaneous genotyping and quantification of the most common RV genotypes G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], and G9P[8]. It was compared to the molecular typing results provided by conventional PCR. A total of 92 archived stool specimens obtained from children younger than 5 years old with the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis were examined. Real-time PCR assay detected rotavirus strains among the most common genotype combinations G4P[8] (70.7%), G1P[8] (10.9%), G2P[4] (5.4%), G9P[8] (2.2%). This new assay described has an acceptable sensitivity (low limit 6.3×10(2)copies/g of stool). PMID: 22245180 [PubMed - a...

Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of nonstructural protein 2 genes of species B porcine rotaviruses detected in Japan during 2001-2009.

Virus Research — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Suzuki T, Soma J, Kuga K, Miyazaki A, Tsunemitsu H Abstract Porcine rotavirus B (RVB) has been often detected in diarrhea of suckling and weaned pigs. Because it is difficult to serially cultivate RVBs in cell culture, the number of available sequence data for RNA segments other than VP7 and NSP1 in especially porcine RVBs is still limited. We performed genetic analysis focusing on nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2) using several porcine RVB strains, which were detected in diarrheic feces collected around Japan during 2001-2009. Comparison of NSP2 nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences from porcine RVB strains exhibited low identities (64.0-99.9% in nt and 66.7-100.0% in aa) to those of other RVB strains. Phylogenetic analysis of RVB NSP2 revealed the presence of four clu...

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Rotavirus Vaccine Re-Introduction Not Linked To Increase In Intussusception

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 15:00:00 +0100

According to an investigation by child health experts at C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, the updated rotavirus vaccines do not seem to increase the occurrence of gastrointestinal complications, even though it was taken off the market in 1999 after being linked to these potentially deadly adverse effects. The study is published this week in Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine. In 2006 and 2008 the two updated versions of the vaccine were re-introduced... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

No Intussusception Rise Seen With Vaccine Reintroduction No Intussusception Rise Seen With Vaccine Reintroduction

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 17:18:15 +0100

Updated rotavirus vaccines are not associated with an increased risk for the severe bowel obstruction that was associated with the previous rotavirus vaccine, according to results of a new study. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Intussusception Not Seen With New Rotavirus Vaccines (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Infectious Disease — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 17:00:00 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- The reintroduction of routine rotavirus vaccination for infants in 2007 did not result in a measurable increase in the rate of intussusception in the U.S., according to a trend analysis. (Source: MedPage Today Infectious Disease)

Rotavirus vaccine not tied to bowel problem: study

Reuters: Health — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 20:19:50 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Despite concerns that rotavirus vaccines might raise infants' risk of blocked bowels, a new study finds that hospitalization rates for the intestinal complication didn't go up after vaccination became routine in the United States in 2007. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Updated rotavirus vaccine not linked to increase in bowel obstruction, research shows

ScienceDaily Headlines — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 18:54:54 +0100

The rotavirus vaccine was pulled from the marketplace in 1999 after being associated with painful gastrointestinal complications, however, the updated rotavirus vaccines do not appear to increase the occurrence of these potentially fatal side effects, according to a new study by child health experts. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

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U-M study shows updated rotavirus vaccine not linked to increase in bowel obstruction

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(University of Michigan Health System) The rotovirus vaccine was pulled from the marketplace in 1999 after being associated with painful gastrointestinal complications, however, the updated rotavirus vaccines do not appear to increase the occurrence of these potentially fatal side effects, according to a new study by child health experts at C.S. Mott Children's Hospital. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Hospitalizations for Intussusception Before and After the Reintroduction of Rotavirus Vaccine in the United States [Article]

Archives of Pediatrics — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The reintroduction of rotavirus vaccine since 2006 has not resulted in a detectable increase in the number of hospital discharges for intussusception among US infants. (Source: Archives of Pediatrics)

Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 Enhances Intestinal Antibody Response in Formula-Fed Infants: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial.

JPEN Journal Of Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Infants consuming formula with Bb12 produced feces with detectable presence of Bb12 and augmented sIgA concentration. Furthermore, cesarean-delivered infants consuming Bb12 had heightened immune response, as evidenced by increased anti-rotavirus- and anti-poliovirus-specific IgA following immunization. These results demonstrate that negative immune-related effects of not breastfeeding and cesarean delivery can be mitigated by including Bb12 in infant formula, thereby providing infants a safe, dietary, immune-modulating bacterial introduction. PMID: 22237870 [PubMed - in process] (Source: JPEN Journal Of Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition)

The Food and Drug Administration's Post‐Licensure Rapid Immunization Safety Monitoring program: strengthening the federal vaccine safety enterprise

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTIn 2009, the Department of Health and Human Services created the new Post‐Licensure Rapid Immunization Safety Monitoring (PRISM) program, which used data from national health insurance plans and immunization registries to monitor the safety of the H1N1 influenza vaccine. PRISM has now been integrated into the FDA's Mini‐Sentinel pilot program. It strengthens the federal vaccine safety enterprise in two important ways. First, PRISM monitors the largest US general population cohort designated for active surveillance of vaccine safety. Second, PRISM links data from health plans with data from state and city immunization registries, which were a crucial source of exposure data in the H1N1 vaccine evaluation. The Mini‐Sentinel data that support PRISM are updated quarterly, and PRI...

Rotavirus vaccine series completion and adherence to vaccination schedules among infants in managed care in the United States.

Vaccine — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of infants that completed the series was greater and compliance with respective FDA-approved and harmonized dosing schedules was higher among infants vaccinated with RV1 than among infants who received RV5. PMID: 22214886 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

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Astrovirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children of less than 5 years of age in Taiwan, 2009.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Astrovirus accounted for 1.6% of infections in children under 5 years hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Taiwan. Compared with those caused by rotavirus, the incidence of gastroenteritis in hospitalized children caused by astrovirus was low and the disease severity was mild. PMID: 22209687 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection)

Rotavirus Cerebellitis: New Aspects to an Old Foe?

Pediatric Neurology — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 17:40:46 +0100

This report adds further evidence supporting a direct role for rotavirus in neurologic illness. (Source: Pediatric Neurology)

Clinical characteristics of obstructive uropathy associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis in Japan.

Clinical Nephrology — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 07:57:57 +0100

Conclusion: Although obstructive uropathy associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis is very rare, this disease condition should be explored when anuria is refractory to sufficient fluid replacement therapy or when oliguria persists despite recovery of the gastrointestinal symptoms. PMID: 22185968 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical Nephrology)

Notes From the Field: Outbreaks of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Among Elderly Adults in Two Retirement Communities--Illinois, 2011 [From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]

JAMA — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

[Hemicerebellitis associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis.]

Anales de Pediatria — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Berzosa-López R, Moreno-Pérez D, Martínez-Antón J, Ramos-Fernández JM PMID: 22206883 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anales de Pediatria)

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Cost-effectiveness analysis of a universal rotavirus immunization program in Japan.

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases — Sun, 25 Dec 2011 15:27:37 +0100

Authors: Sato T, Nakagomi T, Nakagomi O Abstract In anticipation of the imminent licensure of rotavirus vaccine, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine in Japan by taking into account the considerable variations in the incidence of rotavirus-associated hospitalizations previously reported in the literature. We assumed that the variation was due to local differences in healthcare utilization practices rather than a true difference in the incidence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. Thus, a Markov model was constructed such that the sum of rotavirus-associated hospitalizations and outpatient visits was set a constant value of 129 cases per 1,000 child-years. We calculated the direct medical cost, the indirect cost, and the quality-adjusted life year (QALY) loss in...

CDC study affirms benefits of routine rotavirus vaccination [NEWS AND FEATURES]

AAP News — Sun, 25 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: AAP News)

Chronic Rotavirus Infection in an Infant with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency: Successful Treatment by Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Clinical Immunology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Patel NC, Hertel PM, Hanson IC, Krance RA, Crawford SE, Estes M, Paul ME PMID: 22244360 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Immunology)

Highlights of the 4th European Rotavirus Biology Symposium

Future Virology — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 13:56:36 +0100

Future Virology , January 2012, Vol. 7, No. 1, Pages 25-30. (Source: Future Virology)

Rotavirus disease burden among children

Tropical Medicine and International Health — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 21:23:31 +0100

Conclusions Rotavirus is a major cause of diarrhoea in children <5 years of age in Santa Rosa, Guatemala, highlighting the potential health benefits of vaccination and the need for continued surveillance to assess impact and effectiveness of the rotavirus vaccination programme in Guatemala. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)

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In situ gastrointestinal protection against anthrax edema toxin by single-chain antibody fragment producing lactobacilli

BMC Biotechnology - Latest articles — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We have developed lactobacilli expressing a neutralising scFv fragment against the PA antigen of the anthrax toxin, which can provide protection against anthrax toxins both in vitro and in vivo. Utilising engineered lactobacilli therapeutically for neutralising toxins in the gastrointestinal tract can potential be expanded to provide protection against a range of additional gastrointestinal pathogens. The ability of lactobacilli to colonise the gastrointestinal tract may allow the system to be used both prophylactically and therapeutically. (Source: BMC Biotechnology - Latest articles)

Rotavirus NSP4 is secreted from infected cells as an oligomeric lipoprotein and binds to glycosaminoglycans on the surface of non-infected cells

Virology Journal — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our study is the first to analyze an authentic (i.e. non-recombinant) form of NSP4 that is secreted from virus-infected cells. Despite retention of the transmembrane domain, secreted NSP4 remains soluble in an aqueous environment as an oligomeric lipoprotein that can bind to various cell types via an interaction with glycosaminoglycans. This broad cellular tropism exhibited by NSP4 may have implications for the pathophysiology of rotavirus disease. (Source: Virology Journal)

Increased prevalence of rotavirus among children associated gastroenteritis in Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Virology Journal — Sun, 18 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The high rate of positivity, are at variance with previously published reports of rotavirus infection in Saudi Arabia since 2005 which reported a major decrease year by year in the incidence of rotavirus over; 2005, 2006 and 2008 with percentage of; 25%, 10%, 6% respectively explained by improvements in public health introduced in recent years. Our increasing rate result (65.5%) may suggest emerging of unusual serotypes, not been represent to our country earlier. (Source: Virology Journal)

Adsorption characteristics of an enteric virus-binding protein to norovirus, rotavirus and poliovirus

BMC Biotechnology - Latest articles — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

A broad spectrum virus-binding protein derived from the bacterial chaperon protein GroEL and able to bind rotavirus, norovirus and poliovirus, could be used to detect diverse enteric viruses simultaneously in water and fecal samples. (Source: BMC Biotechnology - Latest articles)

Sensitivity of Poliovirus Type 1 Chat strain and Rotavirus SA-11 to E-Beam Irradiation On Iceberg Lettuce and Spinach: Quantifying the Reduction in Potential Health Risks.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Espinosa AC, Jesudhasan P, Arredondo R, Cepeda M, Mazari-Hiriart M, Mena KD, Pillai SD Abstract Fresh produce such as lettuce and spinach serve as routes of foodborne illnesses. The U.S. FDA has approved the use of ionizing irradiation upto 4 kGy as a pathogen kill step for fresh cut lettuce and spinach. The focus of this study was to determine the inactivation of poliovirus and rotavirus on lettuce and spinach when exposed to varying doses of high energy E-Beam irradiation and to calculate the theoretical reduction in infection risks that can be achieved under different contamination scenarios and E-Beam dose applications. The D(10) value (dose required to reduce virus titers by 90%) of rotavirus on spinach and lettuce was 1.29 (±0.64) kGy and 1.03 ( ±0.05) kGy respecti...

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Immunization schedule of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics: 2012 recommendations.

Anales de Pediatria — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Moreno-Pérez D, Alvarez García FJ, Aristegui Fernández J, Barrio Corrales F, Cilleruelo Ortega MJ, Corretger Rauet JM, González-Hachero J, Hernández-Sampelayo Matos T, Merino Moína M, Ortigosa Del Castillo L, Ruiz-Contreras J, Abstract The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics (CAV-AEP) updates the immunization schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on the effectiveness and efficiency of vaccines. The present schedule includes grades of recommendation. We have graded as routine vaccinations those that the CAV-AEP believes all children should receive; as recommended those that fit the profile for universal childhood immunization and would ideally be given to all children, but that can be pri...

Enteric viral pathogens in children with inflammatory bowel disease

Journal of Medical Virology — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 19:14:19 +0100

AbstractThe causes of exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are unknown. The presence of RNA of an enterovirus, norovirus GI, norovirus GII, rotavirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus was sought in stool samples of 50 children (median age 12.9 years) undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopies for IBD or its exclusion (Crohn's disease n = 18, ulcerative colitis n = 13, indeterminate colitis n = 2, non‐IBD n = 17). Viral RNA was found in three fecal samples (norovirus GII n = 2, sapovirus n = 1), all in children without IBD. Therefore, enteral viruses may play only a minor role in IBD. J. Med. Virol. 84:345–347, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Medical Virology)

Detection and molecular characterization of noroviruses and sapoviruses in children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis in Vietnam

Journal of Medical Virology — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 19:14:10 +0100

In conclusion, NoV is the second most frequent cause of diarrhea in hospitalized children in North Vietnam. J. Med. Virol. 84:290–297, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Medical Virology)

[Immunization schedule of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics: 2012 recommendations.]

Anales de Pediatria — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Moreno-Pérez D, Alvarez García FJ, Arístegui Fernández J, Barrio Corrales F, Cilleruelo Ortega MJ, Corretger Rauet JM, González-Hachero J, Hernández-Sampelayo Matos T, Merino Moína M, Ortigosa Del Castillo L, Ruiz-Contreras J, Abstract The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics (CAV-AEP) updates the immunization schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on the effectiveness and efficency of vaccines. The present schedule includes grades of recommendation. We have graded as routine vaccinations those that the CAV-AEP believes all children should receive; as recommended those that fit the profile for universal childhood immunization and would ideally be given to all children, but that can be pri...

Antigenemia and cytokine expression in rotavirus gastroenteritis in children.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Antigenemia was positively correlated with shorter hospital stay in children with rotavirus infection. Enhanced innate and T-cell-mediated immunity evidenced by up-regulation of TNF-β was found in patients with antigenemia. PMID: 22169122 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection)

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Impact of rotavirus vaccination on childhood gastroenteritis-related mortality and hospital discharges in Panama

International Journal of Infectious Diseases — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study was carried out in order to describe the trends in gastroenteritis-related (GER) hospitalizations and mortality in children (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)

Clinical manifestations of a cluster of rotavirus infection in young infants hospitalized in neonatal care units.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Bloody, mucoid stools and unstable vital signs, instead of fever with watery diarrhea, are commonly seen in neonates and young infants with RV infection. A substantial proportion of these infants may present as NEC. Once introduced, RV appears to become a troublesome problem of HA infections in neonatal care settings. PMID: 22154991 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection)

A new pentameric structure of rotavirus NSP4 revealed by molecular replacement

Acta Crystallographica Section D — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

The region spanning residues 95–146 of the rotavirus nonstructural protein NSP4 from the asymptomatic human strain ST3 has been purified and crystallized and diffraction data have been collected to a resolution of 2.6 Å. Several attempts to solve the structure by the molecular-replacement method using the available tetrameric structures of this domain were unsuccessful despite a sequence identity of 73% to the already known structures. A more systematic approach with a dimer as the search model led to an unexpected pentameric structure using the program Phaser. The various steps involved in arriving at this molecular-replacement solution, which unravelled a case of subtle variation between different oligomeric states unknown at the time of solving the structure, are presented in this ...

Rotavirus nonstructural protein 1 antagonizes innate immune response by interacting with retinoic acid inducible gene I

Virology Journal — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of RIG-I mediated type I IFN responses by NSP1 may contribute to the immune evasion of rotavirus. (Source: Virology Journal)

Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Elders in 2 Retirement CommunitiesRotavirus Gastroenteritis in Elders in 2 Retirement Communities

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Recent cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis in a US retirement community are discussed in this new report. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Molecular Techniques in Ecohealth Research Toolkit: Facilitating Estimation of Aggregate Gastroenteritis Burden in an Irrigated Periurban Landscape

EcoHealth — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 17:04:00 +0100

Abstract Assessment of microbial hazards associated with certain environmental matrices, livelihood strategies, and food handling practices are constrained by time-consuming conventional microbiological techniques that lead to health risk assessments of narrow geographic or time scope, often targeting very few pathogens. Health risk assessment based on one or few indicator organisms underestimates true disease burden due a number of coexisting causative pathogens. Here, we employed molecular techniques in a survey of Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio cholera, and Rotavirus A densities in canal water with respect to seasonality and spatial distribution of poin...

Detection of enterovirus 71 using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP).

Journal of Virological Methods — Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, RT-LAMP was established as a method for the detection of enterovirus 71 (EV71). The detection limit of the assay was approximately 10 copies, and no cross-reactivity was noted with Coxsackievirus A16, echovirus, human rotavirus (HRV) or norovirus. This assay, which offers greater sensitivity at a lower cost compared with the conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), was validated using 252 clinical specimens that had been confirmed by laboratory diagnosis using RT-PCR. Both methods produced the same results with 52 positive samples. The RT-LAMP-based assay does not require specialised equipment, and therefore, it can be performed conveniently during an outbreak or under field conditions. In brief, the RT-LAMP-based assay provided a simple, rapid ...

Detection of Human G10 Rotavirus Strains with Similarity to Bovine and Bovine-like Equine Strains from Untypable Samples

Journal of Dentistry — Sat, 03 Dec 2011 02:57:04 +0100

In this study we report genetic analysis of the six G10 strains, which revealed close relations with Turkish (E29TR) bovine strains, as well as with bovine-like-equine strain (Erv2) from India. Simplot of the VP7 gene segment suggested possible recombination event between the bovine and the bovine-like-equine rotaviruses in these human rotavirus infections.Highlights► G10 rotaviruses are been frequently reported in neonatal infections in recent years. ► In this study we report genetic analysis of the six G10 strains which were remained untypable during the rotavirus surveillances between 2003 and 2006 in Kolkata, eastern India. ► These strains revealed close relations with Turkish bovine strains, as well as with equine strain from India. ► Simplot analysis of the VP7 gene segment s...

Progress in the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccine --- Latin America and the Caribbean, 2006--2010

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 20:28:19 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

Latin America: Rotavirus vaccine effective

Health News - UPI.com — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:18:56 +0100

ATLANTA, Dec. 2 (UPI) -- Fourteen of the 32 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean make the rotavirus vaccine available for all infants via national programs, U.S. officials say. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

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Progress in the introduction of rotavirus vaccine - latin america and the Caribbean, 2006-2010.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This report describes progress in the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in LAC, where it was first introduced in 2006 in Brazil, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela; by January 2011, it was included in the national immunization schedules of 14 countries in LAC. Estimated national rotavirus vaccine coverage (2 doses of the monovalent vaccine or 3 doses of the pentavalent vaccine) among children aged <1 year in 2010 ranged from 49% to 98% (median: 89%) in the 11 LAC countries with vaccine introduction before 2010. Of the 14 countries that had introduced rotavirus vaccine into their national immunization programs, 13 participate in a hospital-based rotavirus surveillance network. Data from some countries in this network and from other monitoring efforts in LAC countries h...

Detection of human G10 rotavirus strains with similarity to bovine and bovine-like equine strains from untypable samples.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Leveraging State Immunization Information Systems to Measure the Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccine

PEDIATRICS — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Three RV5 doses confer sustained protection against rotavirus disease during the first 3 years of life in US children. Two RV5 doses also seem to provide good protection. IISs can be valuable tools for assessing the effectiveness of vaccines administered to young children. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Antigenemia, RNAemia, and innate immunity in children with acute rotavirus diarrhea

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We examined antigenemia in plasma and RNAemia in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of children with acute diarrhea by EIA, RT‐PCR, and Southern hybridization, using primers and a probe specific to rotavirus NSP4 gene. We detected the presence of rotavirus antigen in 33.3% and almost full‐length NSP4 gene in 70.8% of the acute‐phase plasma and PBMC, respectively. In contrast, antigenemia and RNAemia were detected in 0% and 4.2% of the convalescent‐phase plasma and PBMC, respectively, which were similar to antigenemia (0%) and RNAemia (7.7%) in healthy controls. We demonstrated an increase in the proportions of activated mDC and activated pDC in acute‐phase PBMC of patients when compared to those in convalescent‐phase of patients and in PBMC of healthy controls. The activ...

Reduction in morbidity and mortality from childhood diarrhoeal disease after species A rotavirus vaccine introduction in Latin America : a review.

Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Desai R, Oliveira LH, Parashar UD, Lopman B, Tate JE, Patel MM Abstract Countries in Latin America were among the first to implement routine vaccination against species A rotavirus (RVA). We evaluate data from Latin America on reductions in gastroenteritis and RVA disease burden following the introduction of RVA vaccine. Published literature was reviewed to identify case-control studies of vaccine effectiveness and population-based studies examining longitudinal trends of diarrhoeal disease reduction after RVA vaccine introduction in Latin American countries. RVA vaccine effectiveness and impact on gastroenteritis mortality and hospitalization rates and RVA hospitalization rates are described. Among middle-income Latin American countries with published data (Mexico, Brazil...

Intussusception Risk of Rotavirus Vaccination

New England Journal of Medicine — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 22:00:23 +0100

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 365, Issue 22, Page 2137-2138, December 2011. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

Intussusception after Rotavirus Vaccination — Spontaneous Reports

New England Journal of Medicine — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 22:00:22 +0100

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 365, Issue 22, Page 2139, December 2011. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

Modeling rotavirus strain dynamics in developed countries to understand the potential impact of vaccination on genotype distributions [Medical Sciences]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Understanding how immunity shapes the dynamics of multistrain pathogens is essential in determining the selective pressures imposed by vaccines. There is currently much interest in elucidating the strain dynamics of rotavirus to determine whether vaccination may lead to the replacement of vaccine-type strains. In developed countries, G1P[8] strains constitute the majority of rotavirus infections most years, but occasionally other genotypes dominate for reasons that are not well understood. We developed a mathematical model to examine the interaction of five common rotavirus genotypes. We explored a range of estimates for the relative strength of homotypic vs. heterotypic immunity and compared model predictions against observed genotype patterns from six countries. We then incorporated vacc...

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Progress introducing rotavirus vaccine into Latin America and the Caribbean, 2006–2010.

Weekly Epidemiological Record — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: PMID: 22128387 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Weekly Epidemiological Record)

The molecular biology of rotaviruses X: intercellular dissemination of rotavirus NSP4 requires glycosylation and is mediated by direct cell-cell contact through cytoplasmic extrusions

Archives of Virology — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 17:45:23 +0100

Abstract The effect of expressing the NSP4 protein of group A rotaviruses in cells has been studied. It led to the rapid appearance of long cytoplasmic extrusions, which, through site-directed mutagenesis of the N-linked glycosylation sites near the amino terminus of the protein, were shown to be dependent on its ability to become fully glycosylated. Real-time confocal microscopy was used to follow the appearance of similar cytoplasmic extrusions in virus-infected cells and revealed them to grow at a rate of ~2 microns/min to more than three cell diameters and to have a lifespan of 30-60 minutes. CellTracker dyes were used to label cell populations and facilitate the monitoring of the transfer of cytoplasm from virus-infected to surrounding uninfected cells throu...

Early observations in the use of oral rotavirus vaccination in infants with functional short gut syndrome

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In this small series, oral live‐attenuated rotavirus vaccination of infants with high‐output ileostomy was tolerated in most cases. (Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health)

Oral immunoglobulin for the prevention of rotavirus infection in low birth weight infants.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Sun, 20 Nov 2011 22:06:03 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence does not support the use of oral immunoglobulin preparations to prevent rotavirus infection in low birthweight infants. Researchers are encouraged to conduct well-designed neonatal trials using the newer preparations of anti-rotaviral immunoglobulins (colostrum, egg yolk immunoglobulins) and include cost effectiveness evaluations. PMID: 22071808 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

Mexican and South African women scientists rewarded

SciDev.Net — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 12:06:42 +0100

Two women from developing countries have won the L’Oréal-UNESCO prize for their research into rotavirus and the tolerance of plants to water loss. (Source: SciDev.Net)

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Methods suitable for high-throughput screening of siRNAs and other chemical compounds with the potential to inhibit rotavirus replication.

Journal of Virological Methods — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study several methods to quantify rotavirus replication in cell culture were evaluated; the cell death and viral protein expression assays were compared, and an in-cell Western method based on infrared detection that allows the simultaneous quantification of viral antigen and total protein content in the same cell culture well was developed. This is an easy, inexpensive method for detection of viral replication, and it is compatible with high-throughput screening. PMID: 22115788 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Virological Methods)

Role of Temperature and Suwannee River Natural Organic Matter on Inactivation Kinetics of Rotavirus and Bacteriophage MS2 by Solar Irradiation

Environmental Science and Technology — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 19:48:28 +0100

Environmental Science & TechnologyDOI: 10.1021/es202067f (Source: Environmental Science and Technology)

Pediatric Rotavirus Vaccination Reduces Prevalence in AdultsPediatric Rotavirus Vaccination Reduces Prevalence in Adults

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 15:29:23 +0100

The prevalence of rotavirus in adults dropped by half after widespread pediatric vaccination against the virus began in the US in 2006; a dramatic decline in pediatric disease was seen by 2008. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Use of PCR-based assays for the detection of the adventitious agent porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) in vaccines, and for confirming the identity of cell substrates and viruses used in vaccine production.

Journal of Virological Methods — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kumar D, Beach NM, Meng XJ, Hegde NR Abstract Safety and quality are important issues for vaccines. Whereas reversion to virulence poses a safety risk with live attenuated vaccines, the potential for the presence of adventitious agents is also an issue of vaccine quality. The recent detection or porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) in human vaccines has further highlighted the importance of quality control in vaccine production. The purpose of this study was to use a novel conventional PCR to detect PCV1, and subsequently screen materials used in the manufacture of vaccines at Bharat Biotech International Limited, India. The genome or gene fragments of PCV1 were not detected in any of the vaccines and materials tested, including the live attenuated rotavirus vaccine candidate ...

Rotavirus Prevalence in the Primary Care Setting in Nicaragua after Universal Infant Rotavirus Immunization.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, rotavirus was an uncommon cause of childhood diarrhea in this primary care setting after implementation of a rotavirus immunization program. PMID: 22049057 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)

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First description of gastroenteritis viruses in Lebanese children: A pilot study

Journal of Infection and Public Health — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

I have 2 comments on the interesting study by Al-Ali et al. on the first description of gastroenteritis viruses in Lebanese children. First, I presume that the frequency distribution of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) [48%] in Lebanese children addressed by Al-Ali et al. needs to be considered with caution. Apart from seasonal influence (April–May), short study period (2 months), and limited number of the studied patients (n=79), the prior immunization status of the studied patients against rotavirus (RV) represents an additional important limitation. Rotavirus vaccine (RVV) has been incorporated in the immunization schedule worldwide as it was shown to mimic the immunity following natural RV infection that confers protection against severe gastroenteritis and consequently, reduces the...

Response to Letter by: Al-Mendalawi et al., doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2011.08.002

Journal of Infection and Public Health — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In response to the question raised by Prof. Al-Mendalawi about rotavirus immunization coverage in Lebanon, we would like to emphasize that the rotavirus vaccine is not incorporated in the routine immunization schedule; the vaccine is however available in the private clinics. Unfortunately, the anti-rotavirus immunity of patients included in our study has not been investigated. Our results are not different from those obtained in Europe. In France where rotavirus vaccination is not included in the routine immunization program, a recent study has reported that rotavirus was the cause of more than 50% of the total hospitalizations for gastroenteritis per year in a pediatric unit in Paris, followed by norovirus causing 8% of the total hospitalizations . (Source: Journal of Infection and Public...

Rotavirus-Associated Acute Gastroenteritis Hospitalizations among Japanese Children Aged

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kamiya H, Nakano T, Kamiya H, Yui A, Taniguchi K, Parashar U, Abstract Two effective vaccines for rotavirus infection will be available near future in Japan and data on the burden of rotavirus disease and the circulating rotavirus strains are urgently needed. To obtain these data, we set up active rotavirus hospitalization surveillance in three cities, Tsu, Matsusaka, and Ise in Mie Prefecture, Japan. From November 1, 2007 through October 31, 2009, we enrolled children <5 years of age who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and collected information on age, sex, month of admission, city of residence, and symptoms at the time of hospitalization. Stool samples were also obtained for rotavirus testing and genotype investigation. Rotavirus inf...

Rotavirus vaccines contraindicated in infants with history of intussusception [NEWS AND FEATURES]

AAP News — Sun, 30 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: AAP News)

Notes from the Field: Outbreaks of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Among Elderly Adults in Two Retirement Communities --- Illinois, 2011

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 21:15:49 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

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Clinical and molecular epidemiology of norovirus infection in childhood diarrhea in China

Journal of Medical Virology — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 10:25:48 +0100

AbstractA prospective investigation was carried out among pediatric outpatients and inpatients with acute non‐dysenteric diarrhea between August, 2008 and July, 2009 in Shanghai, Hangzhou, Chongqing, and Tianjin, China. One step real‐time RT‐PCR was used for detection of norovirus (NoV) genogroups I and II (GI, GII). The NoV genotypes were classified based on partial capsid sequences. Rotavirus (RV) was detected in parallel. Among 4,123 fecal samples from outpatients, 1,067 (25.9%) were NoV‐positive, of which 1,051 (98.5%) belonged to GII and 1,309 (31.7%) were RV‐positive. In the inpatient group (n = 317), 25.6% were NoV‐positive and 41.6% were RV‐positive. Four hundred and fifty‐one out of 1,067 NoV‐positive strains were sequenced and genotyped and 6 typed strains w...

Notes from the field: outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis among elderly adults in two retirement communities --- illinois, 2011.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Abstract In February 2011, three residents of a retirement community in Illinois were hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis. The admitting physicians ordered testing of stool specimens for several pathogens, including rotavirus. The hospital laboratory detected rotavirus antigen in specimens from each patient, and the hospital infection control practitioner reported that information to the Cook County Department of Public Health. Two additional residents were hospitalized for rotavirus gastroenteritis shortly thereafter. The health department sent stool specimens from the five patients to CDC for testing for rotavirus and norovirus. Rotavirus was detected in each specimen; norovirus was not detected. During a subsequent investigation, all available residents were querie...

Current immunization policies for pneumococcal, meningococcal C, varicella and rotavirus vaccinations in Italy

Health Policy — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Italian Regions are moving towards a common vaccination strategy concerning pneumococcal and meningococcal C vaccine. The debate on a common varicella and rotavirus vaccination strategy is still on-going. (Source: Health Policy)

Human myeloid dendritic cells treated with supernatants of rotavirus infected Caco-2 cells induce a poor Th1 response.

Cellular Immunology — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Rodríguez LS, Narváez CF, Rojas OL, Franco MA, Angel J Abstract We have previously shown that human myeloid dendritic cells treated with purified rotavirus induce an allogenic Th1 response. To determine if rotavirus in the context of an intestinal microenvironment modulates the function of dendritic cells, we treated these cells with supernatants from non-infected or infected Caco-2 cells and studied their capacity to promote Th1 or Th2 responses. Dendritic cells treated with supernatants from rotavirus-infected Caco-2 cells promoted a significantly lower Th1 response, in comparison with those treated with purified rotavirus. We wanted to establish if TGF-β1, induced, or TSLP, not induced, during rotavirus infection, could mediate this effect. Neutralization of TGF-β b...

The reality of rotavirus

Health Facts and Fears — Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

A CDC report just published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases has updated the estimated number of deaths worldwide that are attributable to rotavirus-related diarrhea in children younger than five years. (Source: Health Facts and Fears)

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Meta-analysis: Estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years

NeLM - News — Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Source: Lancet Infectious Diseases Area: News The Lancet Infectious Diseases has featured a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish the burden of life-threatening rotavirus disease before the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine, in terms of the number of deaths worldwide in children younger than 5 years due to diarrhoea attributable to rotavirus infection. WHO recommends routine use of rotavirus vaccines in all countries, particularly in those with high mortality attributable to diarrhoeal diseases. The meta-analysis included studies which involved at least 100 children, younger than 5 years who had been admitted to hospital with diarrhoea. Additionally, the studies were required to have a collection midpoint of the year 2000 or later, to be done in full yea...

Putative Canine Origin of Rotavirus Strain Detected in a Child with Diarrhea, Taiwan

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 13:41:57 +0100

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases)

Rotavirus Vaccine Benefits Now Far Outweigh RisksRotavirus Vaccine Benefits Now Far Outweigh Risks

Medscape Today Headlines — Sun, 23 Oct 2011 22:41:41 +0100

Risk-to-benefit ratios strongly support the use of current vaccines against rotavirus to prevent gastroenteritis in young children. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Routine rotavirus vaccination stops dollars going down the drain

PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News — Sun, 23 Oct 2011 18:52:37 +0100

(Source: PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News)

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The GAVI Alliance will provide funding for 16 developing countries to introduce rotavirus vaccines

PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News — Sun, 23 Oct 2011 18:52:37 +0100

(Source: PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News)

Addition of History of Intussusception as a Contraindication for Rotavirus Vaccination

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 20:51:30 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

CDC Adds Intussusception to Contraindications for Rotavirus Vaccination

Physician's First Watch current issue — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Physician's First Watch current issue)

Addition of history of intussusception as a contraindication for rotavirus vaccination.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Abstract The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved revised prescribing information and patient labeling from GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals for the monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1, marketed as Rotarix) and revised prescribing information and patient labeling from Merck & Co. for the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5, marketed as RotaTeq) to include history of intussusception as a contraindication. FDA approved the revisions for RV1 in February 2011 and for RV5 in July 2011. In its rotavirus vaccination recommendations, CDC is updating the contraindications for rotavirus vaccine (RV1 and RV5) to include history of intussusception. Previously, CDC had considered history of intussusception a precaution but not a contraindication. PMID: 22012117 [PubMed - i...

Sapovirus as a gastrointestinal pathogen in febrile pediatric patients with cancer

Journal of Medical Virology — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 13:33:38 +0100

AbstractHuman caliciviruses are the second most common cause of viral gastroenteritis after rotavirus in children. Unlike norovirus, sapovirus infection is less well characterized and defined in the clinical setting of gastrointestinal disease, and there are no reports of sapovirus infections in pediatric oncology patients receiving chemotherapy treatment. Stool samples from all pediatric oncology patients presenting with fever and diarrhea at one pediatric oncology unit were tested prospectively for sapovirus by real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR sapovirus genogrouping was performed by nested PCR. Sapovirus was detected in 2 of 100 stool specimens prospectively sampled from 58 symptomatic pediatric oncology inpatients between December 2008 and September 2009. Both patients received l...

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Genotyping of human rotaviruses circulating among children with diarrhea in Valencia, Venezuela

Journal of Medical Virology — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 13:33:36 +0100

AbstractRotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis during childhood worldwide, especially in developing countries. Two rotavirus vaccines are available for childhood immunization programs. Evaluation of the vaccine performance will benefit from knowledge of the epidemiological features of rotavirus infection in regional settings. Limited information on the molecular characteristics of the rotavirus types circulating in Venezuela is available. Eighty seven (89.7%) of the 97 ELISA rotavirus positive stool samples collected from children with diarrhea aged <5 years during 2003 in Valencia (Carabobo State), were G‐, P‐ and NSP4‐genotyped by RT‐PCR and/or automated sequencing. Four common combinations, G3P[8]/NSP4‐E1, G2P[4]/NSP4‐E2, G9P[8]/NSP4‐E1, ...

Characterization of norovirus strains in Australian children from 2006 to 2008: Prevalence of recombinant strains

Journal of Medical Virology — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 13:33:32 +0100

This study aimed to detect and genotype norovirus strains infecting children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Melbourne, Australia from 2006 to 2008. Stool samples were collected from 272 children admitted to the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, with non‐rotavirus acute gastroenteritis between April 2006 and December 2008. Using RT‐PCR, norovirus was detected in 36% of samples. Strains were genetically characterized via analysis of regions from both the capsid gene and the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, to investigate genotype distribution and incidence of recombination. Typing based on the capsid gene (n = 70) detected GII.4 (49%) and GII.3 (46%) as the most predominant genotypes. Strains with a GII.4 capsid were usually assigned a GII.4 RdRp, ...

Hospitalizations due to rotavirus gastroenteritis in Catalonia, Spain, 2003-2008.

BMC Research Notes — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: : The burden of hospitalizations attributable to rotavirus appeared to be lower in Catalonia than in other regions of Spain and Europe. The relatively low incidence of hospitalization due to rotavirus makes rotavirus vaccination less cost-effective in Catalonia than in other areas with higher rotavirus disease burden. (Source: BMC Research Notes)

Rotavirus Infection in an Indian Birth Cohort

New England Journal of Medicine — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:00:30 +0100

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 365, Issue 16, Page 1548, October 2011. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

Th2 signals induce epithelial injury in mice and are compatible with the biliary atresia phenotype

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 17:53:30 +0100

Biliary atresia (BA) is a destructive cholangiopathy of childhood in which Th1 immunity has been mechanistically linked to the bile duct inflammation and obstruction that culminate in liver injury. Based on reports of decreased Th1 cytokines in some patients and the development of BA in mice lacking CD4+ T cells, we hypothesized that Th1-independent mechanisms can also activate effector cells and induce BA. Here, we tested this hypothesis using Stat1–/– mice, which lack the ability to mount Th1 immune responses. Infection of Stat1–/– mice with rhesus rotavirus type A (RRV) on postnatal day 1 induced a prominent Th2 response, duct epithelial injury and obstruction within 7 days, and atresia shortly thereafter. A high degree of phosphorylation of the Th2 trans...

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[Current events in vaccination.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Aubert M, Aumaître H, Beytout J, Bloch K, Bouhour D, Callamand P, Chave C, Cheymol J, Combadière B, Dahlab A, Denis F, De Pontual L, Dodet B, Dommergues MA, Dufour V, Gagneur A, Gaillat J, Gaudelus J, Gavazzi G, Gillet Y, Gras-le-Guen C, Haas H, Hanslik T, Hau-Rainsard I, Larnaudie S, Launay O, Lorrot M, Loulergue P, Malvy D, Marchand S, Picherot G, Pinquier D, Pulcini C, Rabaud C, Regnier F, Reinert P, Sana C, Savagner C, Soubeyrand B, Stephan JL, Strady C Abstract The annual meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) ; which brought together nearly 5000 participants from over 80 countries in Vancouver, Canada, October 21 to 24, 2010 ; provided a review of the influenza (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, evaluated vaccination programmes and presented new vacci...

Lessons From the US Rotavirus Vaccination Program [Commentary]

JAMA — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

Horizontal transmission of a human rotavirus vaccine strain-A randomized, placebo-controlled study in twins.

Vaccine — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Rivera L, Peña LM, Stainier I, Gillard P, Cheuvart B, Smolenov I, Ortega-Barria E, Han HH Abstract Transmission of excreted vaccine-derived infectious virus from vaccinated to unvaccinated individuals is possible within close contacts. This randomized (1:1), double-blind study evaluated the potential for transmission of human rotavirus vaccine strain, HRV (Rotarix™) from vaccine recipients to unvaccinated close contacts (twins). 100 pairs of healthy twins aged 6-14 weeks at the time of Dose 1 of HRV vaccine/placebo were enrolled and one randomly selected twin from each pair received two vaccine doses and the other received placebo doses (at 2 and 4 months of age). Presence of vaccine strain in the stool samples of placebo recipients was an indicator of transmission. Ser...

Rotavirus Vaccine RIX4414 (Rotarix): A Pharmacoeconomic Review of its Use in the Prevention of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Developing Countries

PharmacoEconomics — Sun, 16 Oct 2011 05:39:48 +0100

(Source: PharmacoEconomics)

Enteroendocrine and Neuronal Mechanisms in Pathophysiology of Acute Infectious Diarrhea

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Fri, 14 Oct 2011 15:43:50 +0100

Conclusion New therapies targeting neural and transmitter mediation including 5-HT, VIP, NPY, as well as toxin receptors and channels activated during acute infectious diarrhea could usher in a novel approach to enhancing glucose–electrolyte solutions used in the treatment of acute diarrhea. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ReviewPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s10620-011-1939-9Authors Michael Camilleri, Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Charlton 8-110, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USASara Nullens, Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Charlton 8-110, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 559...

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Inactivation of human rotavirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and avian metapneumovirus by high-pressure processing: lack of correlation between barosensitivity of viruses and presence of viral envelope.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lou F, Neetoo H, Li J, Chen H, Li J Abstract High pressure processing (HPP) is a non-thermal technology that has been shown to effectively inactivate a wide range of microorganisms. However, the effectiveness of HPP on inactivation of viruses is relatively less understood. We systematically investigated the effects of intrinsic (pH) and processing (pressure, time, temperature) parameters on the pressure inactivation of a non-enveloped virus (human rotavirus, HRV) and two enveloped viruses (Vesicular stomatitis virus, VSV; and avian metapneumovirus, aMPV). We demonstrated that HPP can efficiently inactivate all tested viruses under optimal conditions, although the pressure susceptibilities and the roles of temperature and pH substantially varied among these viruses regardle...

A novel probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 strain active against rotavirus infections.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, a novel Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis strain has been isolated from infant feces and selected, based on its capacity to inhibit in vitro rotavirus Wa replication (up to 36.05% infectious foci reduction) and also to protect cells from virus infection (up to 48.50% infectious foci reduction), in both MA-104 and HT-29 cell lines. Furthermore, studies using a BALB/c mice model have proved that this strain provides preliminary in vivo protection against rotavirus infection. The strain has been deposited in the Spanish Type Culture Collection under the accession number CECT 7210. This novel strain has the main properties required of a probiotic, such as resistance to gastrointestinal juices, biliary salts, NaCl and low pH, as well as adhesion to intestinal mucus and sensi...

Rotavirus vaccines contraindicated in infants with history of intussusception [News and Features]

AAP News — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: AAP News)

Whole genome analysis of multiple rotavirus strains from a single stool specimen using sequence-independent amplification and 454® pyrosequencing reveals evidence of intergenotype genome segment recombination.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Oral immunoglobulin for the treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in low birth weight infants.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 01:20:04 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: No randomized controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness or safety of oral immunoglobulin preparations for the treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalized low birth weight infants were found. Clinical trials that address the issue of oral immunoglobulin treatment of rotavirus infection are needed. PMID: 21975740 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

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Evidence of conserved epitopes in variable region of VP8* subunit of VP4 protein of rotaviruses of P[8]-1 and P[8]-3 lineages.

Acta Virologica — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 17:20:02 +0100

This study investigated antibody responses generated against the variable region of the VP4 protein (VP8* subunit) in children infected with rotavirus genotype P[8]. Recombinant VP8* subunit (rVP8*) and truncations corresponding aa 1-102 <br />(peptide A) and 84-180 (peptide B) of rotavirus strains P[8]-1 and P[8]-3 lineages were expressed in Escherichia coli and examined for antibody reactivity using ELISA and Western blot assays. Sera from infected children had IgG antibodies that reacted with full-length rVP8*, peptide A and B of both lineages, with stronger reactivity observed against peptide B. In addition, anti-strain Wa (P[8]-1) and anti-rVP8* (P[8]-3) rabbit polyclonal antiserum reacted against peptide B sequences of both lineages. These data indicate that the VP8* variable ...

Prevalence of human rotavirus genotypes in Wuhan, China, during 2008-2011: changing trend of predominant genotypes and emergence of strains with the P[8]b subtype of the VP4 gene

Archives of Virology — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 15:00:55 +0100

Abstract Hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus genotypes was conducted in Wuhan, China, between March 2008 and May 2011. The detection rates of group A rotavirus were 24.6% (458/1859) and 12.1% (96/795) in children and adults, respectively, with diarrhea. Among the 554 positive specimens, the most frequent genotype was G3P[8] (57.9%), followed by G1P[8] (29.4%). Compared with previous studies in Wuhan (2000-2008), the relative frequency of G3P[8] has been decreasing year by year, while the predominant genotype G3 shifted to G1 in 2011. In the present study, a rare P[8]b subtype of the VP4 gene (OP354-like P[8]) was identified in nine strains. Full-length sequences of VP7, VP4, VP6 and NSP4 genes of two G9P[8]b strains (RVA/Human-wt/CHN/E1545/2009/G9P[8]b and RVA/Human-w...

Development of Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia in Newborn Infants after Rotavirus Infection

The Journal of Pediatrics — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We describe 5 preterm and 3 term infants who presented with seizures during rotavirus infection within 6 weeks after birth. Six of these infants developed late-onset cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Four of the preterm infants had neurodevelopmental delay, and 4 (near) term infants had normal early outcome. (Source: The Journal of Pediatrics)

An Assay for Detecting Neutralization of Rotavirus Infection by Quantitative Determination of VP6 Protein Fluorescence Intensity.

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, we developed a simplified, accurate rotavirus infection assay to evaluate the effects of inhibitory substances on rotavirus infection in vitro by measurement of the fluorescence intensities of stained cells. PMID: 21979094 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry)

Usefulness of fecal lactoferrin in predicting and monitoring the clinical severity of infectious diarrhea.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Fecal lactoferrin increased during bacterial infection and with greater disease severity and may be a good marker for predicting and monitoring intestinal inflammation in children with infectious diarrhea. PMID: 22072854 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

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Characterization of rotavirus and norovirus strains: a 6-year study (2004-2009).

Jornal de Pediatria — Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Genotype distribution varied according to collection year, accompanied by a reduction in detection rate. Use of RV vaccine requires implementation of post-marketing surveillance to monitor RV strain diversity and its efficacy against possible new emerging genotypes. NoVs have been increasingly identified as relevant etiological agents among hospitalized children and play an important role in the viral etiology of pediatric acute gastroenteritis in the state of São Paulo. PMID: 21979837 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Jornal de Pediatria)

Successful sanitation of an EDIM-infected mouse colony by breeding cessation

Laboratory Animals — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Despite decreasing prevalence, rotavirus infections still rank among the most important viral infections in colonies of laboratory mice. Although the disease is characterized by low mortality and a relatively short and mild clinical period, the infection has the potential to alter the outcome of experiments substantially. For animal facilities, it is therefore essential to eradicate the virus. Here we report a successful sanitation of a rotavirus-infected mouse colony in an animal facility. Despite a high ratio of transgenic and partially immunodeficient strains, a permanent eradication of the virus was achieved by euthanasia of highly susceptible mice, a prolonged breeding cessation in areas containing immunocompromised mice and a strict hygienic management. The management of a rotavirus ...

The molecular epidemiology of circulating rotaviruses: three-year surveillance in the region of Monastir, Tunisia.

BMC Infectious Diseases — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a common disease associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Epidemiological knowledge of rotavirus is critical for the development of effective preventive measures, including vaccines.These data will help to make informed decisions as to whether rotavirus vaccine should be considered for inclusion in Tunisia's National Immunisation Programme. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

Global study of viral diarrhea in hospitalized children in Spain: Results of Structural Surveillance of Viral Gastroenteritis Net Work (VIGESS-net) 2006–2008

Journal of Clinical Virology — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Background and objectives: Detection and characterization of gastroenteritis cases (viruses) was conducted during eleven years through the surveillance VIGESS-net, which was created in an effort to conduct a structured surveillance of rotavirus genotypes co-circulating in Spain.Study design and results: This phase includes the study of 2048 fecal samples from children (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)

The Emergence of Rotavirus G12 and the Prevalence of Enteric Viruses in Hospitalized Pediatric Diarrheal Patients in Southern Vietnam.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tra My PV, Rabaa MA, Vinh H, Holmes EC, Hoang NV, Vinh NT, Phuong LT, Tham NT, Bay PV, Campbell JI, Farrar J, Baker S Abstract Abstract. Diarrhea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries, and the majority of infections are of viral etiology. We aimed to compare the etiological prevalence of the major enteric viruses in an urban and a rural setting in southern Vietnam. We simultaneously screened fecal specimens from 362 children in Ho Chi Minh City and Dong Thap province that were hospitalized with acute diarrhea over a 1-month-long period for four viral gastrointestinal pathogens. Rotavirus was the most common pathogen identified, but there was a differential prevalence of rotavirus and norovirus between the urban and rural locations. F...

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Transaminase on Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

Pediatrics International — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: From this data, rotavirus infection is occasionally accompanied with hepatitis, but only in a mild form, and does not correlate with neurological complications. High levels of transaminase might reflect high IL‐6. (Source: Pediatrics International)

Whole-genomic analysis of rotavirus strains: current status and future prospects

Future Microbiology — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 11:09:57 +0100

Future Microbiology , September 2011, Vol. 6, No. 9, Pages 1049-1065. (Source: Future Microbiology)

Decreasing Rate of Biliary Atresia in Taiwan: A Survey, 2004-2009

PEDIATRICS — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Biliary atresia (BA) is the leading cause of liver death and liver transplantation in the pediatric age group. The pathogenesis of BA remains unclear, but epidemiological studies may enhance our understanding of the possible causes. Decreasing rates of BA have been found in Taiwan since 2007, which may be related to improvements in general socioeconomic status and possibly the popularity of rotavirus vaccination; this may shed light on possible preventive interventions for BA. (Read the full article) (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Probiotic, zinc and lactose‐free formula in children with rotavirus diarrhea: Are they effective?

Pediatrics International — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 18:45:39 +0100

Conclusions: A different combination of adjunct therapies did not seem to bring additional value to rehydration therapy in children with rotavirus diarrhea except for in those receiving only zinc and zinc plus S. boulardii. Further studies are required to determine the optimal protocol of adjunct therapy use in children with rotavirus diarrhea. (Source: Pediatrics International)

Another 37 Countries To Receive Vaccine Funding To Protect Children From Major Diseases

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 13:00:00 +0100

Funding for 16 more developing countries to introduce rotavirus vaccines as well as funding for 18 more countries to introduce pneumococcal vaccines, will be provided by The GAVI Alliance it was announced today. This is a huge advance in protecting children against the two leading killers among children - severe diarrhea and pneumonia. In Sudan, the introduction of rotavirus vaccines has already started, and the announcement today verifies that a further 12 countries in Africa will receive funding in order to introduce the vaccines. GAVI CEO Seth Berkley M.D... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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GAVI rolls out vaccines against child killers to more countries

BMJ Online First — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI Alliance) has announced that it will provide funding for 16 developing countries to introduce rotavirus vaccines and for 18 to introduce... (Source: BMJ Online First)

Comparison of the Rapid Methods for Screening of Group A Rotavirus in Stool Samples

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of three immunochromatography (IC) test kits for rapid detection of group A rotavirus were compared and evaluated with stool samples collected from children, who suffered from acute gastroenteritis during February to June, 2009 in Japan. A total of 86 stool samples were tested and compared with a reference RT-PCR method. The sensitivity among IP-Rota V, Dipstick Eiken ROTA and ROTA-ADENO test kits were 97.2, 95.8 and 88.7%, while the specificity were 100, 93.3 and 100%, respectively. It was demonstrated that the IC kits evaluated in this study could be used as an alternative method for the rapid screening of group A rotavirus in fecal specimens, especially during acute gastroenteritis outbreak season. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)

Vaccine Campaign Will Target Deadly Childhood Diarrhea

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 23:45:00 +0100

Every year, more than one million children under the age of five die as a result of diarrhoea. It is the second-biggest killer in this age group, after pneumonia, and 40% of diarrhoea deaths are caused by rotavirus.That horrific toll could soon fall, thanks to the first major roll-out of rotavirus vaccines in Africa, where half of rotavirus deaths occur. The programme was unveiled this week by the GAVI Alliance -- formerly the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation -- based in Geneva, Switzerland. The group hopes to immunize 50 million children against rotavirus in 40 of the world's poorest countries by 2015. Although rotavirus gastroenteritis is common worldwide, it kills very few children in richer countries, where hospitalization and intravenous rehydration are readily avail...

Record Number Of Children To Be Vaccinated Against Diarrhea And Pneumonia

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 18:00:00 +0100

Sixteen more developing nations will receive funding to protect their children from rotavirus and pneumococcal infections, major causes of childhood deaths globally from severe diarrhea and pneumonia, the GAVI Alliance announced today. Pneumonia and diarrhea are the two leading causes of childhood deaths in developing nations. The GAVI Alliance, formerly known as the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization is a health partnership consisting of public bodies and private organizations... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Molecular epidemiology and clinical characterization of group A rotavirus infections in Tunisian children with acute gastroenteritis

Canadian Journal of Microbiology — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 07:13:51 +0100

Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 810-819, e-First articles. (Source: Canadian Journal of Microbiology)

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Identification of lineage III of G12 rotavirus strains in diarrheic children in the Northern Region of Brazil between 2008 and 2010

Archives of Virology — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 05:49:28 +0100

This study reports on the surveillance for rotavirus genotypes and the identification of G12 human rotavirus in the Northern Region of Brazil. Rotavirus-positive samples were collected from children <5 years of age with acute diarrhea from January 2008 to October 2010. G2P[4] was the most prevalent genotype, accounting for 45.6% (126/303) of cases. Five rotavirus strains bearing G12P[6] genotype specificity were detected. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene showed that G12 strains clustered into lineage III. This is the first detection of G12 strains from lineage III in Latin America, broadening the current evidence for the worldwide emergence of this genotype. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Brief ReportPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00705-011-1111-zAuthors Luana da Silv...

Regulation of gene expression by the NSP1 and NSP3 non-structural proteins of rotavirus

Archives of Virology — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 05:49:27 +0100

Abstract The role of the rotavirus non-structural proteins NSP1 and NSP3 in regulating cellular and viral mRNA translation has been investigated by examining the effect of added recombinant NSP3 on protein translation in a T7-based in vitro coupled transcription-translation system. Addition of purified NSP3 to assays primed solely with cellular mRNA was found to have no effect on the translation efficiency of the mRNA. However, as expected, the addition of viral mRNA to such assays competitively inhibited the synthesis of cellular protein, and interestingly, this inhibition was enhanced by the addition of NSP3. Treatment of NSP3 with antisera raised against the purified protein abrogated its function, but only when used prior to mixing the protein with viral mRNA. Addition ...

Gambia: Stakeholders On the Health Sector Trained On Rotavirus Surveillance and Data Management

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 14:56:46 +0100

Stakeholders on the health sector on Wednesday 21st September were given orientation on the Rotavirus surveillance and Data Management. The training which was held at the Baobab Holiday Resort in Kerr Serign was organized by the ministry of health and social welfare in collaboration with the Medical Research Council (MRC), with funding from World Health Organization (WHO). (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

A Multi-Center, Qualitative Assessment of Pediatrician and Maternal Perspectives on Rotavirus Vaccines and the Detection of Porcine circovirus

BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Pediatricians considered the detection of DNA material from PCV in rotavirus vaccines a "non-issue" and reported little hesitation in continuing to recommend the vaccines. Mothers desired transparency, but ultimately trusted their pediatrician's recommendation. Both vaccines are currently approved for their intended use, and no risk of human PCV illness has been reported. Communicating this topic to pediatricians and mothers requires sensitivity to a broad range of technical understanding and personal concerns. (Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles)

Enigma of uric acid stones associated with rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis

Pediatric Nephrology — Sat, 24 Sep 2011 05:44:00 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorsPages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00467-011-2005-8Authors Kazunari Kaneko, Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1Shin-machi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573 1191 Japan Journal Pediatric NephrologyOnline ISSN 1432-198XPrint ISSN 0931-041X (Source: Pediatric Nephrology)

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Vaccinating Infants Against Rotavirus Resulted In Dramatic Decrease In Health Care Use And Treatment Costs For Diarrhea-Related Illness

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 09:00:00 +0100

According to the CDC's (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) new study that is published in the current issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, vaccinating infants against rotavirus resulted in a dramatic decrease in health care use and treatment costs for diarrhea-related illness in U.S. infants and young children. Dr. Umesh Parashar, medical epidemiologist and team leader for the Viral Gastroenteritis Team in CDC's Division of Viral Diseases commented: "This is good news for parents and our health system overall... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Rotavirus vax among infants extends benefits to all

PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:11:59 +0100

(Source: PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News)

CDC: Rotavirus vaccine cuts kids' hospitalization rates

USATODAY.com Health — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 16:25:25 +0100

Rotavirus inoculation kept thousands of kids out of the hospital, saved millions in costs, study found. (Source: USATODAY.com Health)

Rotavirus Vaccine Cut Admissions, Costs in Young Kids (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Pediatrics — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 13:30:00 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- Rotavirus vaccination has dramatically reduced related hospitalizations in children under age 5, saving about $278 million in treatment costs over two years, according to an insurance claims analysis. (Source: MedPage Today Pediatrics)