MedWorm: Salmonella

Harmful Bacteria On Raw Chicken Reduced By A Zap Of Cold Plasma

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

A new study by food safety researchers at Drexel University demonstrates that plasma can be an effective method for killing pathogens on uncooked poultry. The proof-of-concept study was published in the Journal of Food Protection. Although recent high-profile outbreaks of foodborne illness have involved contaminated fresh produce, the most common source of harmful bacteria in food is uncooked poultry and other meat products. The bacteria responsible for most foodborne illnesses, Campylobacter and Salmonella, are found on upwards of 70 percent of chicken meat tested... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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How Bacteria Come Back From The Dead

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Salmonella remains a serious cause of food poisoning in the UK and throughout the EU, in part due to its ability to thrive and quickly adapt to the different environments in which it can grow. New research involving a team of IFR scientists, funded by BBSRC, has taken the first detailed look at what Salmonella does when it enters a new environment, which could provide clues to finding new ways of reducing transmission through the food chain and preventing human illness. Bacteria can multiply rapidly, potentially doubling every 20 minutes in ideal conditions... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

While government discredits raw milk, it keeps names of salmonella outbreak restaurants secret to protect corporate profits

NaturalNews.com — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 06:00:00 +0100

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is getting increasingly bold these days with openly admitting that it works directly for big industry interests rather than public health interests. In a recent report on why the agency did not disclose Taco Bell as being the... (Source: NaturalNews.com)

Antimicrobial Activity of Lauric Arginate‐Coated Polylactic Acid Films against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium on Cooked Sliced Ham

Journal of Food Science — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This article shows how we can simply develop functional green packaging of PLA for food with effective and efficient antimicrobial activity by use of LAE coating on the surface via corona discharge.Practical Application: The effectiveness of an innovative antimicrobial LAE‐coated PLA film against foodborne pathogens was demonstrated. Importantly, the application of the LAE to form the LAE‐coated PLA film can be customized within current film manufacturing lines. (Source: Journal of Food Science)

Health Highlights: Feb. 3, 2012

Primary Care News - Doctors Lounge — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 16:04:00 +0100

Komen Breast Cancer Group Restores Planned Parenthood Funding Cooked Eggs Recalled in 34 States Sibling Study Suggests Drug Addiction Is 'Hard Wired' Taco Bell Identified as Source of Salmonella Outbreak Army Bans Exercise Supplements After Soldiers' Deaths Fungicide Levels in Orange Juice Don't Pose Health Risk: FDA (Source: Primary Care News - Doctors Lounge)

Salmonella Enteritidis Strains from Poultry Exhibit Differential Responses to Acid Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Survival in the Egg Albumen

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 15:39:03 +0100

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)

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Tiny Turtles Again Tied to Salmonella

MedPage Today Public Health — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 12:59:00 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- Small turtles are once again the source of a Salmonella outbreak that has sickened more than a hundred people in the U.S., most of them youngsters, government researchers said. (Source: MedPage Today Public Health)

Pet Turtles Carry Salmonella Dangers, CDC Warns

MedicineNet Kids Health General — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Pet Turtles Carry Salmonella Dangers, CDC WarnsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 2/2/2012 2:06:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 2/3/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Kids Health General)

Outbreak of salmonella strikes UK

OnMedica Latest News — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Health Protection Agency says watermelons may be the source Related items from OnMedicaE. coli linked to long-term illnessSalmonella found in kebab shop salads Environment and health link to be tested Poor patients more likely to die after heart surgery than rich'Mad cow's disease' confirmed in patient with haemophilia for first time (Source: OnMedica Latest News)

Adaptation of Salmonella enterica Hadar under static magnetic field: effects on outer membrane protein pattern

Proteome Science — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: SMF (200 mT) seems to maintain the cell envelope integrity and to submit the exposed cells to an oxidative stress. Some alterations suggest an increase of the ability of exposed cells to form biofilms. (Source: Proteome Science)

In vitro and in vivo safety evaluation of Dipteryx alata Vogel extract

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: D. alata barks extract is neither mutagenic by the Ames test nor toxic in the pregnancy of rats, with no physical-neurobehavioral consequences on the rat offsprings development. (Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine)

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Watermelons linked to salmonella outbreak that has killed one and left at least 50 ill

the Mail online | Health — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 01:30:54 +0100

The outbreak, which began in December, is believed to involve packs of ready-to-eat sliced watermelon. Health chiefs say the public can protect themselves by washing all types of fruit and vegetables. (Source: the Mail online | Health)

Dynamics of Salmonella Serotype Shifts in an Endemically Infected Dairy Herd

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 20:34:06 +0100

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)

Tentative Colistin Epidemiological Cut-Off Value for Salmonella spp.

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 20:34:03 +0100

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)

Taco Bell tied to 2011 salmonella outbreak that sickened 68: Report

Health News: CBSNews.com — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 19:59:19 +0100

CDC would not disclose outbreak's source; Oklahoma health officials provided documentation to confirm report (Source: Health News: CBSNews.com)

Pet Turtles Carry Salmonella Dangers, CDC Warns

The Doctors Lounge - Infections — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:00:00 +0100

Tougher laws needed to protect children from infection, report says (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Infections)

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Salmonella Newport

Telegraph Health — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 15:00:24 +0100

There are more than 2,500 different strains of Salmonella and symptoms include diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting or fever. The current outbreak is understood to have been caused by a strain known as Salmonella Newport. (Source: Telegraph Health)

Watermelon 'is salmonella source'

BBC News | Health | UK Edition — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 13:12:35 +0100

A salmonella outbreak linked to watermelon has affected 34 people, killing one, in the UK since December, health experts have revealed. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)

Pet Turtles and Salmonella

About.com Pediatrics — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 12:00:23 +0100

Much of the media is reporting on an outbreak of Salmonella at a fast food restaurant chain that got 68 people sick in 10 states last month. Fortunately, that Salmonella outbreak is over, although there was never a definitive link to any one specific food and the CDC offered "no specific advice to consumers."...Read Full Post (Source: About.com Pediatrics)

Outbreak of Salmonella Newport

Health Protection Agency — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 10:31:28 +0100

The Health Protection Agency (HPA) is investigating an outbreak of a strain of Salmonella Newport infection among 30 people in England, Wales and Northern Ireland since the beginning of December 2011. Cases of illness caused by the same strain have been confirmed in Scotland, Ireland and Germany. (Source: Health Protection Agency)

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HPA investigates outbreak of Salmonella Newport

NeLM - News — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Health Protection Agency (HPA) Area: News The Health Protection Agency (HPA) is investigating an outbreak of a strain of Salmonella Newport infection among 30 people in England, Wales and Northern Ireland since the beginning of December 2011. Cases of illness caused by the same strain have been confirmed in Scotland, Ireland and Germany. The figures compare to 10, 12, and 11 cases over the same period in 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively. Around 200 cases of Salmonella Newport are reported in England, Wales and Northern Ireland each year. Infection with Salmonella Newport causes a similar illness to other forms of Salmonella infection and symptoms include diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain and fever. The head of the gastrointestinal diseases department at the HPA said: ...

Analysis: “Restaurant A” Revealed to be Taco Bell

RWJF News Digest - Public Health — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

On Wednesday, Food Safety News editor Dan Flynn broke news of the identity of "Restaurant Chain A" as Taco Bell in the 10-state outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis that sickened at least 68 individuals in October and November 2011. (Source: RWJF News Digest - Public Health)

Taco Bell linked to October salmonella outbreak

Reuters: Health — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 03:50:16 +0100

LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Yum Brand Inc's Taco Bell chain has been linked to a salmonella outbreak that sickened 68 people in 10 states late last year. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Taco Bell linked to recent Salmonella outbreak

Reuters: Health — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 00:42:45 +0100

LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Yum Brand Inc's Taco Bell chain has been linked to a Salmonella outbreak that sickened 68 people in 10 states late last year. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Nationwide outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- infection associated with consumption of dried pork sausage, France, November to December 2011

Eurosurveillance latest news — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Eurosurveillance latest news)

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Health Highlights: Feb. 1, 2012

Primary Care News - Doctors Lounge — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 16:03:00 +0100

Ground Beef-Related Salmonella Outbreak Over: CDC ALS Researcher Dies of Disease He Studied Breast Cancer Charity Severs Ties With Planned Parenthood Study Identifies New Location for Brain Speech Center Indoor Tanning Salons Lie About Health Risks: Investigation (Source: Primary Care News - Doctors Lounge)

Pharmacological and Toxicological Profile of Extract from Heliopsislongipes and Affinin

Drug Development Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractStrategy, Management and Health PolicyEnabling Technology, Genomics, ProteomicsPreclinical ResearchPreclinical Development Toxicology, Formulation Drug Delivery, PharmacokineticsClinical Development Phases I‐III Regulatory, Quality, ManufacturingPostmarketing Phase IVHeliopsis longipes is a popular medicinal plant in Mexico. One of the main constituents that can be extracted from H. longipes is affinin (N‐isobutylamide). However, available information regarding this compound is scarce, and there is only a single report related to the effect of affinin on the central nervous system. Affinin extracted from H. longipes was evaluated for its psychopharmacological activity in several models and for its safety. H. longipes extract and affinin demonstrated antinociceptive effect...

Wound‐healing potential of an ethanol extract of Carica papaya (Caricaceae) seeds

International Wound Journal — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study evaluated the wound‐healing and antimicrobial activity of C. papaya seed extract. Ethanol extract of C. papaya seed (50 mg/kg/day) was evaluated for its wound‐healing activity in Sprague‐Dawley rats using excision wound model. Animals were randomly divided into four groups of six each (group 1 served as control, group 2 treated with papaya seed extract, group 3 treated with a standard drug mupirocin and papaya seed extract (1:1 ratio) and group 4 treated with a mupirocin ointment. Rate of wound contraction and hydroxyproline content were determined to assess the wound‐healing activity of the seed extract. The group 2 animals showed a significant decrease in wound area of 89% over 13 days when compared with groups 1 (82%), 3 (86%) and 4 (84%) respectively. The hydroxyprol...

Infected Abdominal Aneurysm due to Salmonella Sepsis: Report of a Unique Case Treated Using the Superficial Femoral Vein

Annals of Vascular Surgery — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We describe a 61-year-old patient with an infected aneurysm of the abdominal aorta due to Salmonella sepsis. Treatment was successful and included aneurysm resection, extensive debridement, and reconstruction of the abdominal aorta using the superficial femoral vein, combined with long-term antibiotic therapy. (Source: Annals of Vascular Surgery)

β-galactomannan and Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. Boulardii modulate immune response against Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium in porcine intestinal epithelial and dendritic cells.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the addition of βGM inhibits Salmonella-induced pro-inflammatory profiles in IECs but may promote DC activation, although associated molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. PMID: 22301691 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)

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Effect of Continuous Ohmic Heating to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes in Orange and Tomato Juice

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Continuous ohmic heating can be effective at killing foodborne pathogens on orange and tomato juice with lower degradation of quality than conventional heating.Significance and Impact of Study: These results suggest that continuous ohmic heating might be effectively used to pasteurize fruit and vegetable juice in a short operating time and that the effect of inactivation depends on applied electric field strengths, treatment time and electric conductivity.© 2012The Authors Journal of Applied Microbiology © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Inhibition and eradication of human glioma with tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium in an orthotopic nude-mouse model.

Cell Cycle — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 08:36:30 +0100

In this study, we demonstrated that the Salmonella typhimurium A1-R tumor-targeting strain can inhibit and eradicate human glioma in an orthotopic nude-mouse model. S. typhimurium A1-R was administered by injection through a craniotomy open-window or intravenously in nude mice. To establish the model, 2 x 105 U87-RFP human glioma cells were injected stereotactically into the mouse brain through the craniotomy open window. Two weeks after glioma-cell implantation, mice were treated with S. typhimurium A1-R [2 x 10 ( 7) CFU/200 μl intravenous injection (i.v.) or 1 x 10 ( 6) CFU/1 μl intracranial injection (i.c.)] once a week for 3 weeks. Brain tumors were observed by fluorescence imaging through the craniotomy open window over time. S. typhimurium A1-R, administered i.c., inhibited brain t...

Vaccination of chickens with Salmonella Pathogenicity Island (SPI) 1 and SPI2 defective mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.

Vaccine — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study we were interested in the vaccine potential of two attenuated mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis for poultry. The first mutant was attenuated by the removal of the whole Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI1) and the second mutant was devoid of the whole SPI2. These 2 mutants were used for oral vaccination of 2 chicken lines; Lohmann Brown and ISA Brown. Chickens were vaccinated orally on day 1 of life, revaccinated on day 21 and challenged on day 42. The challenge was performed either orally or intravenously. Despite a slightly different response between the two chicken lines, both the mutants gave protection to poultry against S. Enteritidis challenge as documented by findings such as the bacterial counts in tissues, spleen weight, antibody production and ...

The antimicrobial properties of the lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fractional components against foodborne pathogens and the conservation of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

Food Microbiology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 21:52:53 +0100

Authors: Lacombe A, Wu VC, White J, Tadepalli S, Andre EE Abstract The antimicrobial properties of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) were studied against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus to determine which fractional components have antimicrobial effects and which microorganisms are most susceptible to these antimicrobial properties. Lowbush blueberry extract (F1) was separated using a C-18 Sep-Pak cartridge into monomeric phenolics (F2) and anthocyanins plus proanthocyanidins (F3). Fraction 3 was further separated into anthocyanins (F4) and proanthocyanidins (F5) using a LH-20 Sephadex column. Each fraction was initially screened for antimicrobial properties using agar diffusion assay. Treatments that d...

Modeling the growth rate and lag time of different strains of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat lettuce.

Food Microbiology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 21:49:35 +0100

Authors: Sant'ana AS, Franco BD, Schaffner DW Abstract The growth parameters (growth rate, μ and lag time, λ) of three different strains each of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in minimally processed lettuce (MPL) and their changes as a function of temperature were modeled. MPL were packed under modified atmosphere (5% O(2), 15% CO(2) and 80% N(2)), stored at 7-30 °C and samples collected at different time intervals were enumerated for S. enterica and L. monocytogenes. Growth curves and equations describing the relationship between μ and λ as a function of temperature were constructed using the DMFit Excel add-in and through linear regression, respectively. The predicted growth parameters for the pathogens observed in this study were compared to ComBase, Path...

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Effect of periodic fluctuation in the osmotic environment on the adaptation of Salmonella.

Food Microbiology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 21:48:54 +0100

Authors: Zhou K, George SM, Li PL, Baranyi J Abstract The growth of Salmonella from different osmotic histories was studied in low water activity conditions. Cell cultures were successively diluted and grown in batch, in minimal medium, without and then with added NaCl, several times and from different inoculum levels. The viable count curves obtained in low water activity conditions showed an initial decline after which the culture either died out or recovered and entered the exponential phase. After the first batch with NaCl added, the subsequent curves at low water activity showed progressively smaller initial decline and shorter lag time as the number of transfers from high to low water activity conditions increased. The observed curves were analyzed by F-tests applying an exte...

Antimicrobial activity of different copper alloy surfaces against copper resistant and sensitive Salmonella enterica.

Food Microbiology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 21:48:44 +0100

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of copper surfaces on copper resistant and sensitive strains of Salmonella enterica. Six different copper alloy coupons (60-99.9% copper) were tested along with stainless steel as the control. The coupons were surface inoculated with either S. Enteritidis or one of the 3 copper resistant strains, S. Typhimurium S9, S19 and S20; stored under various incubation conditions at room temperature; and sampled at various times up to 2 h. The results showed that under dry incubation conditions, Salmonella only survived 10-15 min on high copper content alloys. Salmonella on low copper content alloys showed 3-4 log reductions. Under moist incubation conditions, no survivors were detected after 30 min-2 h on high copper content...

Transcriptome sequencing of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis under desiccation and starvation stress in peanut oil.

Food Microbiology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 21:48:34 +0100

In this study, we used the RNA-seq approach to compare the transcriptomes (27-33 million 36-bp reads per sample) of a Salmonella enterica subsp. enteric serovar Enteritidis strain ATCC BAA-1045 after inoculation in peanut oil (water activity 0.30) for 72 h, 216 h and 528 h to those grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth for 12 h and 312 h. Our results showed that desiccated Salmonella cells in peanut oil were in a physiologically dormant state with <5% of its genome being transcribed compared to 78% in LB broth. Among the few detected transcripts in peanut oil, genes involved in heat and cold shock response, DNA protection and regulatory functions likely play roles in cross protecting Salmonella from desiccation and starvation stresses. In addition, non-coding RNAs may also play roles i...

Extreme Heat Resistance of Food Borne Pathogens Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium on Chicken Breast Fillet during Cooking

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 18:41:46 +0100

The aim of this research was to determine the decimal reduction times of bacteria present on chicken fillet in boiling water. The experiments were conducted with Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli. Whole chicken breast fillets were inoculated with the pathogens, stored overnight (4∘C), and subsequently cooked. The surface temperature reached 70∘C within 30 sec and 85∘C within one minute. Extremely high decimal reduction times of 1.90, 1.97, and 2.20 min were obtained for C. jejuni, E. coli, and S. typhimurium, respectively. Chicken meat and refrigerated storage before cooking enlarged the heat resistance of the food borne pathogens. Additionally, a high challenge temperature or fast heating rate contributed to the level of heat resista...

An Outbreak of Salmonella Serotype Typhimurium Infections with an Unusually Long Incubation Period

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 15:29:25 +0100

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)

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Molecular Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis Isolates from Humans by Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Genes, and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 15:19:55 +0100

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)

MSU technology spin-out company to market portable biohazard detection

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Michigan State University) A new company formed around Michigan State University nanotechnology promises to move speedy detection of deadly pathogens and toxins from the laboratory directly to the field. Food contamination and other biohazards present a growing public health concern, but laboratory analysis consumes precious time. The company, nanoRETE, will develop and commercialize an inexpensive test for handheld biosensors to detect a broad range of threats such as E. coli, Salmonella, anthrax and tuberculosis. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

YjgF Deaminates Enamine/Imine Metabolites [Metabolism]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study, combined with previous physiological studies on yjgF mutants, suggests that intermediates of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-mediated reactions may have metabolic consequences in vivo that were previously unappreciated. The conservation of the RidA/YjgF family suggests that reactive enamine/imine metabolites are of concern to all organisms. (Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry)

Assessment of Microbial Quality of Commercial and Home‐Made Tiger‐Nut Beverages

Letters in Applied Microbiology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results reflected that there exists a rather high contamination level in home‐made tiger‐nut beverages indicating the need to apply correct and strict HACCP system(s) during manufacturing and storage of these food products.Significance and Impact of Study: This study demonstrates the great need to carry out microbiological tests frequently in these products and even more the need to apply correct HACCP system (s). Tiger‐nut beverages are especially well‐known products in Spain, hence it is extremely important to ensure an adequate microbiological quality to guarantee consumers health.© 2012 The Authors Letters in Applied Microbiology © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology (Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology)

Survival and Virulence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Filaments Induced by Reduced Water Activity.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Stackhouse RR, Faith NG, Kaspar CW, Czuprynski CJ, Wong AC Abstract Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis strain E40 filaments were developed at a reduced water activity (a(w)) of 0.95 in tryptic soy broth (TSB) or tryptic soy agar (TSA) supplemented with 8% or 7% NaCl, respectively. Filament formation was accompanied by an increase of biomass without an increase in colony-forming units (CFU), and was affected by incubation temperature and the physical milieu. The greatest amount of filaments was recovered from TSA with 7% NaCl incubated at 30°C. Within 2 h of transfer to fresh TSB, filaments started to septate into normal-sized cells, resulting in a rapid increase in CFU. S. Enteritidis E40 filaments were not more tolerant of low and high temperature stresses than non-...

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Role of anionic charges of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 in mice virulence.

Archives of Microbiology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Role of anionic charges of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 in mice virulence. Arch Microbiol. 2012 Jan 26; Authors: Bhagwat AA, Kannan P, Leow YN, Dharne M, Smith A Abstract opgB gene of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was identified earlier in a genome-wide screen for mice virulence (Valentine et al. in Infect Immun 66:3378-3383, 1998). Although mutation in opgB resulted in avirulent Salmonella strain, how this gene contributes to pathogenesis remains unclear. Based on DNA homology, opgB is predicted to be responsible for adding phosphoglycerate residues to osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) giving them anionic characteristics. In Escherichia coli, yet another gene, opgC, is also...

FDA's MedWatch Safety Alerts: December 2011

FDA Consumer Updates — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 17:16:00 +0100

FDA gives updated safety information on ADHD drugs and heart disease in adults, dietary supplements that could be contaminated with Salmonella, and a blood thinner that may lead to bleeding problems. Learn about these and other safety alerts at http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucmXXXXXX.htm (Source: FDA Consumer Updates)

Efficacy of multiple metals against copper‐resistant bacterial strains

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Some strains with reported resistance to Cu also were also resistant to Ag, suggestive of a shared resistance mechanism such as an indiscriminate Cu efflux pump. E. faecium appears to have innate resistance to both metals. In general, E. faecium was the most resistant species to the individual metals and the combination of metals, P. putida the least resistant, and the Salmonella strains were more resistant than E. coli.Significance and Impact of Study: Several of the comparison strains with no reported copper resistances were resistant to one or both metals. This may call into question the methods for determining bacterial metal resistance which typically use nutrient‐rich media containing metals to assess the ability of the bacteria to grow in comparison to a wild‐...

Genetic analysis of multiple antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolated from diseased broilers in Egypt

Microbiology and Immunology — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTTo date, no information is available on the molecular bases of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp. from poultry in Egypt or even in Africa. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze, at the molecular level, the mechanism of multidrug‐resistance in isolates of Salmonella recovered from diseased broilers in Egypt. A total of 21 Salmonella isolates were identified; 13 isolates were Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and eight isolates were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. 17 (81%) Salmonella isolates displayed multidrug resistance phenotypes, particularly against ampicillin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. PCR and DNA sequencing identified class 1 integrons in nine (42.9%) isol...

Gut inflammation can boost horizontal gene transfer between pathogenic and commensal Enterobacteriaceae [Microbiology]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The mammalian gut harbors a dense microbial community interacting in multiple ways, including horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Pangenome analyses established particularly high levels of genetic flux between Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae. However, the mechanisms fostering intraenterobacterial HGT are incompletely understood. Using a mouse colitis model, we found that Salmonella-inflicted enteropathy elicits parallel blooms of the pathogen and of resident commensal Escherichia coli. These blooms boosted conjugative HGT of the colicin-plasmid p2 from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to E. coli. Transconjugation efficiencies of ∼100% in vivo were attributable to high intrinsic p2-transfer rates. Plasmid-encoded fitness benefits contributed little. Under normal conditions, HGT was bl...

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Jones' Seasoning Voluntarily Recalls Original and Spicy Southwest Blend Mock Salt Because of Possible Health Risk

Food and Drug Administration — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 23:07:00 +0100

University Place, Washington- Jones' Seasoning Blends LLC announced a voluntary recall of Jones' Mock Salt Original as well as Jones' Mock Salt Spicy Southwest Blend due to the potential contamination of Salmonella. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

Schmallenberg virus confirmed on farms in the UK

Guardian Unlimited Science — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 15:52:55 +0100

The disease, which has spread from the Netherlands and Germany, causes abortions and birth deformities in farm animalsA virus that causes miscarriages and birth deformities in farm animals, though it is not known to affect humans, has been confirmed at four sheep farms in Norfolk, Suffolk and East Sussex.The Schmallenberg virus is believed to be carried by midges. It surfaced in the Netherlands and Germany in August 2011, and since then on hundreds of farms there and in Belgium. Themicrobe is difficult to detect in adult animals, and is apparent only when they gestate. There is no known treatment or vaccine.The Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency in Weybridge has done laboratory tests confirming Schmallenberg virus is in the UK. It said in a statement: "Although there are stil...

Development and Evaluation of a Multiplex PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Five Foodborne Pathogens

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractA rapid multiplex PCR method for simultaneous detection of five major foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Shigella flexneri, respectively) was developed. Amplification by PCR was optimized to obtain high efficiency. Sensitivity and specificity assays were investigated by testing different strains. With a multipathogen enrichment, multiplex PCR assay was able to simultaneously detect all of the five organisms in artificially contaminated pork samples. The developed method was further applied to retail meat samples, of which 80% were found to be positive for one or more of these five organisms. All the samples were confirmed by traditional culture methods for each individual species. The result show...

Typhoid Fever among Hospitalized Febrile Children in Siem Reap, Cambodia

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Typhoid fever was confirmed by positive blood culture in 5 (3.7%) of 134 febrile children hospitalized in Cambodia. Typhoid was suspected in an additional 25 (18.7 %) blood culture-negative children based on: a positive immunoglobulin M lateral flow assay (IgMFA) (16); a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Salmonella typhi (2); or clinical assessment (7). The specificity of the IgMFA and PCR assays requires further study. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)

Salmonella Linked to Labs Infected 109

RWJF News Digest - Public Health — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 11:46:04 +0100

Between August 2010 and June 2011, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) counted 109 people in 38 states infected with a commercial strain of Salmonella Typhimurium most commonly found in microbiology laboratories. On Tuesday, the CDC released its final report on the outbreak, which Food Safety Newsfirst reported on in April 2011. (Source: RWJF News Digest - Public Health)

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An in vivo proteomic study of the interaction between Salmonella Typhimurium and porcine ileum mucosa.

Journal of Proteomics — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Collado-Romero M, Martins RP, Arce C, Moreno A, Lucena C, Carvajal A, Garrido JJ Abstract The enteropathogen Salmonella Typhimurium is one of the main causes of porcine and human enterocolitis. We have used a 2-DE, MALDI-TOF/TOF-based approach to characterize in vivo proteome changes in porcine ileum mucosa after pathogen interaction. Ileum samples from non-infected and orally infected animals were collected at 2days post infection and S. Typhimurium presence was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Fifty one proteins, involved in immune response (acute phase response, inflammation and immune response regulation), apoptosis and pathogen-mediated cell invasion, were identified as being differentially expressed after pathogen challenge. Overall, anti-inflammatory signals and a...

Sprouts Recall

About.com Pediatrics — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 19:14:07 +0100

Because of a concern of Salmonella contamination, LEASA Industries Co. and Winn-Dixie is recalling: LEASA Living Alfalfa Sprouts LEASA Broccoli Sprouts LEASA Gourmet Sprouts LEASA Spicy Sprouts LEASA Onion Sprouts The LEASA sprouts have a use by date of 2/1/12 and were distributed in Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi....Read Full Post (Source: About.com Pediatrics)

Winn-Dixie Recalls Some Sprouts

WSJ.com: Health — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 18:47:06 +0100

Winn-Dixie Stores said it is voluntarily recalling some Leasa brand sprouts due to potential exposure to salmonella. (Source: WSJ.com: Health)

Winn-Dixie Issues Voluntary Recall On LEASA Brand Sprouts Due To Potential Salmonella Exposure

Food and Drug Administration — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:15:00 +0100

Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc., today announced an immediate Class I voluntary recall of all LEASA Living Alfalfa Sprouts sold in the 6 oz. package with a UPC code of 7546555912. According to the Federal Drug Administration (FDA), the product is potentially contaminated with Salmonella, an organism that can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

LEASA Industries Co., Inc. Recalls LEASA Brand 6 oz. Living Alfalfa Sprouts Because Of Possible Health Risk

Food and Drug Administration — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 15:34:00 +0100

LEASA Industries Co., Inc. of Miami, FL is recalling 346 cases of LEASA Living Alfalfa Sprouts with use by date 2/1/12, because it has the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella, an organism which can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. Healthy persons infected with Salmonella often experience fever, diarrhea (which may be bloody), nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

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Blood heat shock proteins evoked by some Salmonella strains infection in ducks

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:57:41 +0100

Abstract Bacterial heat-shock response is a global regulatory system required for effective adaptation to changes (stress) in the environment. An in vitro study was conducted to investigate the impact of a sublethal temperature (42°C) on heat shock protein (HSP) expression in 6 Salmonella strains (Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Virchow, S. Shubra, S. Haifa and S. Eingedi). The 6 Salmonella strains were isolated from the tissues of ducklings that had died from avian salmonellosis. To determine the induction of HSP in the 6 Salmonella strains, they were exposed to the selected temperature level for 24 h and further kept for 48 h at culturing condition of 42°C. Growth under a sublethal temperature of 42°C increased the expression of several proteins of ...

Death receptor 3 is essential for generating optimal protective CD4+ T‐cell immunity against Salmonella

European Journal of Immunology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe TNF receptor superfamily member death receptor 3 (DR3) exacerbates Th2‐ and Th17‐cell‐mediated inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, yet no role in host defence has been reported. Here, we examined the role of DR3 during infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Infection resulted in protracted expression of the DR3 ligand TL1A but not the related TNF superfamily proteins OX40L or CD30L. TL1A expression was localized to splenic F4/80+ macrophages where S. enterica Typhimurium replicates, and temporally coincided with the onset of CD4+‐cell expansion. To address the relevance of the TL1A‐DR3 interaction, we examined immune responses to S. enterica Typhimurium in mice lacking DR3. Infected DR3−/− mice harboured reduced numbers of antigen‐experience...

Adaptation and Preadaptation of Salmonella enterica to Bile

PLoS Genetics — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study describes mechanisms employed by the bacterium Salmonella enterica to survive bile. Sublethal concentrations of the bile salt sodium deoxycholate (DOC) adapt Salmonella to survive lethal concentrations of bile. Adaptation seems to be associated to multiple changes in gene expression, which include upregulation of the RpoS-dependent general stress response and other stress responses. The crucial role of the general stress response in adaptation to bile is supported by the observation that RpoS− mutants are bile-sensitive. While adaptation to bile involves a response by the bacterial population, individual cells can become bile-resistant without adaptation: plating of a non-adapted S. enterica culture on medium containing a lethal concentration of bile yields bile-resistant colo...

High resolution clustering of Salmonella enterica serovar Montevideo strains using a next-generation sequencing approach

BMC Genomics - Latest articles — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Implementation of a validated pipeline for NGS data acquisition and analysis provides highly reproducible results that are stable and predictable for molecular epidemiological applications. When draft genomes are collected at 15X-20X coverage and passed through a quality filter as part of a data analysis pipeline, including sub-passaged replicates defined by a few SNPs, they can be accurately placed in a phylogenetic context. This reproducibility applies to all levels within and between serovars of Salmonella suggesting that investigators using these methods can have confidence in their conclusions. (Source: BMC Genomics - Latest articles)

Death receptor 3 is essential for generating optimal protective CD4(+) T-cell immunity against Salmonella.

European Journal of Immunology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Death receptor 3 is essential for generating optimal protective CD4(+) T-cell immunity against Salmonella. Eur J Immunol. 2012 Jan 19; Authors: Buchan SL, Taraban VY, Slebioda TJ, James S, Cunningham AF, Al-Shamkhani A Abstract The TNF receptor superfamily member death receptor 3 (DR3) exacerbates Th2- and Th17-cell-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, yet no role in host defence has been reported. Here, we examined the role of DR3 during infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Infection resulted in protracted expression of the DR3 ligand TL1A but not the related TNF superfamily proteins OX40L or CD30L. TL1A expression was localized to splenic F4/80(+) macrophages where S. enterica Typhimurium replicates, and temporally coincided with the onset o...

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Salmonella Gut Invasion Involves TTSS-2-Dependent Epithelial Traversal, Basolateral Exit, and Uptake by Epithelium-Sampling Lamina Propria Phagocytes.

Cell Host and Microbe — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Müller AJ, Kaiser P, Dittmar KE, Weber TC, Haueter S, Endt K, Songhet P, Zellweger C, Kremer M, Fehling HJ, Hardt WD Abstract Salmonella Typhimurium causes diarrhea by infecting the epithelium and lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa and by secreting various effector proteins through type III secretion systems (TTSSs). However, the mechanisms by which Salmonella transverses the epithelium and is subsequently released into the lamina propria are poorly understood. Using a murine Salmonella-diarrhea model and in vivo microscopy, we show that epithelial traversal requires TTSS-1-mediated invasion and TTSS-2-dependent trafficking to the basolateral side. After being released into the lamina propria, the bacterium is transiently extracellular before being taken up by phag...

Small regulatory RNAs control the multi‐cellular adhesive lifestyle of Escherichia coli

Molecular Microbiology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

SummarySmall regulatory RNA molecules have recently been recognized as important regulatory elements of developmental processes in both eukaryotes and bacteria. We here describe a striking example in Escherichia coli that can switch between a single‐cell motile lifestyle and a multi‐cellular, sessile and adhesive state that enables biofilm formation on surfaces. For this, the bacterium needs to reprogramme its gene expression, and in many E. coli and Salmonella strains the lifestyle shift relies on control cascades that inhibit flagellar expression and activate the synthesis of curli, extracellular adhesive fibres important for co‐aggregation of cells and adhesion to biotic and abiotic surfaces. By combining bioinformatics, genetic and biochemical analysis we identified three small...

Imaging of a localized bacterial infection with endogenous thymidine kinase using radioisotope-labeled nucleosides.

International Journal of Medical Microbiology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the bacterial tk activity was confirmed by the cellular uptake and imaging with [(125)I]FIAU or [(18)F]FLT. Therefore, a localized bacterial infection in living mice can be monitored using radioisotope-labeled nucleosides with a nuclear medicine imaging modality. PMID: 22264560 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Medical Microbiology)

The architecture and ppGpp-dependent expression of the primary transcriptome of Salmonella Typhimurium during invasion gene expression

BioMed Central — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The transcriptional architecture of S. Typhimurium and finer definition of the key role ppGpp plays in regulating Salmonella coding and non-coding transcription should promote the understanding of gene regulation in this important food borne pathogen and act as a resource for future research. (Source: BioMed Central)

[Sickle cell disease and invasive osteoarticular Salmonella infections.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We describe the cases of 2 children with sickle cell disease who presented paucisymptomatic Salmonella osteoarticular infections on returning from North Africa. Progression was favorable in both cases after appropriate systemic antibiotic therapy, although one Salmonella was multidrug-resistant. Invasive salmonellosis remains rare in France, but, because of its severity, it should be suspected in any patient with sickle cell disease presenting fever, especially in the context of recent trips in Africa countries. Early clinical diagnosis is essential to start appropriate empirical treatment without waiting for bacteriological results. PMID: 22261260 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives de Pediatrie)

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Quantification and accurate normalisation of small RNAs through new custom RT-qPCR arrays demonstrates Salmonella-induced microRNAs in human monocytes

BMC Genomics - Latest articles — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The provided protocol for RT-qPCR arrays enables straight-forward microRNA expression analysis. It is fully automatable, compliant with the MIQE guidelines and can be completed in only 1 day. The application of these arrays revealed microRNAs that may mediate monocyte host defence mechanisms by regulating the TGF-beta signalling upon Salmonella infection. The introduced arrays are furthermore suited for customised quantification of any class of small non-coding RNAs as exemplified by snRNAs and thus provide a versatile tool for ubiquitous applications. (Source: BMC Genomics - Latest articles)

Galectin 8 targets damaged vesicles for autophagy to defend cells against bacterial invasion

Nature AOP — Sun, 15 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Teresa L. M. Thurston, Michal P. Wandel, Natalia von Muhlinen, Ágnes Foeglein & Felix Randow Autophagy defends the mammalian cytosol against bacterial infection. Efficient pathogen engulfment is mediated by cargo-selecting autophagy adaptors that rely on unidentified pattern-recognition or danger receptors to label invading pathogens as autophagy cargo, typically by polyubiquitin coating. Here we show in human cells that galectin 8 (also known as LGALS8), a cytosolic lectin, is a danger receptor that restricts Salmonella proliferation. Galectin 8 monitors endosomal and lysosomal integrity and detects bacterial invasion by binding host glycans exposed on damaged Salmonella-containing vacuoles. By recruiting NDP52 (also known as CALCOCO2), galectin 8 activates antibacterial...

Altered PKR Signalling and C / EBPβ Expression is Associated with HLA‐B27 Expression in Monocytic Cells

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 11:14:27 +0100

AbstractInfection caused by certain gram‐negative bacteria, e.g. Salmonella, can trigger inflammatory joint disease reactive arthritis (ReA). It is suggested that the disease‐triggering bacteria or bacterial components persist in patients for an abnormally long time. Development of ReA is strongly associated with tissue antigen HLA‐B27. Previously, we reported an enhanced replication of Salmonella enteritidis and altered p38 MAP kinase signalling in HLA‐B27‐expressing monocytic cells. Here we aimed to investigate the role of HLA‐B27 in regulation of double‐stranded RNA‐activated kinase (PKR)‐related signalling in Salmonella‐infected or Salmonella lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated human U937 monocytic cells, as PKR has been reported to modify p38 signalling in Salmon...

Development of carbapenem resistance while on therapy for nontyphoid Salmonella infection

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report a case of infection caused by ceftriaxone‐ and ciprofloxacin‐resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. A blaCMY‐2‐containing Tn6092, located on a self‐transferable IncI1 plasmid, was found in all isolates derived from the patient. While on ertapenem treatment, the strain developed carbapenem resistance. Apart from the OmpD deficiency found in all isolates, the strain further developed OmpC deficiency through a single gene mutation and became carbapenem‐resistant. Salmonella appears very plastic in developing antimicrobial resistance. Caution must be taken by physicians when treating multidrug‐resistant Salmonella infection. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection)

Characterization of the ELPhiS Prophage from Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis strain LK5.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hanna LF, Matthews TD, Dinsdale EA, Hasty D, Edwards RA Abstract Phages are a primary driving force behind the evolution of bacterial pathogens by transferring a variety of virulence genes into their hosts. Similar to other bacterial genomes, the Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis LK5 genome contains several regions that are homologous to phages. Although genomic analyses demonstrated the presence of prophages, it was unable to confirm which phage elements within the genome were viable. Genetic markers were used to tag one of the prophages in the genome to allow monitoring of phage induction. Commonly used laboratory strains of Salmonella were resistant to phage infection, and therefore a rapid screen was developed to identify susceptible hosts. This approach showed t...

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Use of high hydrostatic pressure to inactivate E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica internalized within and adhered to pre-harvest contaminated green onions.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Neetoo H, Lu Y, Wu C, Chen H Abstract Green onions grown in soil and hydroponic media contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella were found to uptake the pathogens in their roots, bulbs, stems and leaves. Pressure-treatment at 400-500 MPa for 2 min at 20-40°C eliminated both pathogens that were internalized within green onions during plant growth. PMID: 22247156 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

Occurrence and Persistence of Bacterial Pathogens and Indicator Organisms in Beach Sand along the California Coast.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study documents the presence of fecal indicators and bacterial pathogens in sand at 53 California marine beaches using both culture-dependent and -independent (PCR and QPCR) methods. Fecal indicator bacteria were widespread in California beach sand, with Escherichia coli and enterococci detected at 68% and 94% of beaches surveyed, respectively. Somatic coliphages and a Bacteroidales human-specific fecal marker were detected at 43% and 13% of the beaches, respectively. Dry sand samples from almost 30% of the beaches contained at least one of the following pathogens: Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which were detected at 15%, 13%,14%, and 3% of tested beaches, respectively. Fecal indicators and pathogens w...

Flagellin from Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium reveals a fundamental role in the Chicken Innate Immunity.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We examined the bacterial load, spatiotemporal kinetics of expression of inflammatory cytokine, chemokines, and TLR5 genes in the cecum, spleen, liver, and heterophils following oral immunization of chickens with the two Salmonella strains. The flhD mutant exhibited an enhanced ability to establish systemic infection compared to WT. In contrast, WT strain induced higher IL-1β, CXCLi2, and TLR5 mRNA in cecum, the spleen or the heterophils than the flhD mutant at different times post-infection. Collectively, the present revealed a fundamental role of flagellin in the innate immune responses induced by recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines in chickens that should be considered for the rational design of novel vaccines for poultry. PMID: 22237893 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (...

Erratum to: Deletion of glucose-inhibited division (gidA) gene alters the morphological and replication characteristics of Salmonella enterica Serovar typhimurium.

Archives of Microbiology — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Shippy DC, Heintz JA, Albrecht RM, Eakley NM, Chopra AK, Fadl AA PMID: 22234847 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Microbiology)

Immunogenicity of a Bovine Herpes Virus I Peptide Expressed in Tandem Copies in Attenuated Salmonella

Viral Immunology — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 20:18:24 +0100

Viral Immunology , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Viral Immunology)

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Immunogenicity of a Bovine Herpes Virus I Peptide Expressed in Tandem Copies in Attenuated Salmonella.

Herpes — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gnazzo V, Cebrian I, Langellotti C, Chabalgoity J, Mongini C, Quattrocchi V, Zamorano P Abstract Abstract A live system to release heterologous antigens using an attenuated Salmonella strain was developed. We transformed Salmonella typhimurium LVR03 (S. LVR03) with a recombinant pTECH2 vector encoding 0, 1, 2, and 4 tandem copies of an imunogenic peptide of bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) glycoprotein D (gD). The system used yielded peptides fused to the non-toxic C fragment of the tetanus toxin (TetC), which has been shown to have adjuvant properties. Inoculation of BALB/c mice with the transformed Salmonella strains gave rise to a mild self-limited infection, with primary replication of bacteria occurring in Peyer's patches, even when the bacteria was administered intran...

Antimicrobial Prenylated Acetophenones from Berries of Harrisonia abyssinica

Planta Medica — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Planta MedDOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298143AbstractThe ripe berries of Harrisonia abyssinica yielded two new prenylated acetophenones, namely 5-(ethan-1′′′-one)-4,6-dihydroxy-7-(3′′,3′′-dimethylallyl)-2S-(1′S-hydroxy-1′,5′-dimethylhex-4′-enyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (1) and 5-(2′′′-hydroxyethan-1′′′-one)-4,6-dihydroxy-7-(3′′,3′′-dimethylallyl)-2S-(1′S-hydroxy-1′,5′-dimethylhex-4′-enyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (2), herein named harronin I and harronin II, respectively. The compounds were isolated following activity guided fractionation and the structures were determined using 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopic, CD and MS spectrometric techniques. The methanol-dichloromethane mixture (1 : 1 v/v) crude extract exhibited strong antimicrobial activity agai...

Extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamases in German isolates belonging to the emerging monophasic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium 4,[5],12:i:- European clone

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Different potency of bacterial antigens, both TLR2 and TLR4 ligands, in stimulating mature mast cells to cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis

Microbiology and Immunology — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We examined Toll‐like receptor (TLR)2 agonists, i.e. lipoteichoic acid (LTA) Staphylococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, lipoarabinomannan (LAM) Mycobacterium smegmatis, peptydoglican (PGN) Staphylococcus aureus, as well as TLR4 agonists, i.e. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, Pophyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia coli. We also estimated the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐, interleukin (IL)‐6‐, CCL5‐, and IL‐10‐priming on mast cell cysLT synthesis following bacterial antigen activation. We found that all bacterial antigens activated mast cells to cysLT generation, however the extent of cysLT release in response to stimulation varied. Out of the examined ant...

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Health Highlights: Jan. 6, 2012

Primary Care News - Doctors Lounge — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 16:33:00 +0100

Tainted Ground Beef Linked to 19 Salmonella Cases: CDC Most U.S. Hospital Errors Unreported U.S. Proposes New Rules for Face, Hand Transplants Questions Raised About FDA's Breast Implant Safety Review (Source: Primary Care News - Doctors Lounge)

Host defense against malaria favors Salmonella

Nature Medicine — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Nature Medicine 18, 21 (2012). doi:10.1038/nm.2636 Author: Calman A MacLennan The beneficial cytoprotective effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in malaria infection are counterpoised by higher susceptibility to nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia. A new study in mice co-infected with malaria and Salmonella provides a mechanism for the long-recognized association between malaria and NTS infection in African children. (Source: Nature Medicine)

Arginine 66 Residue of Fur is Required for the Regulatory Function of this Protein in the Acid Adaptation Mechanism of Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 16:45:53 +0100

Conclusions: Arginine 66 but not histidine 99 in H. pylori Fur is required for the regulatory function of the Fur protein in the acid adaptation mechanism of the bacterium. (Source: Helicobacter)

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Salmonella enterica Recovered from Poultry Meat in Tunisia and Identification of New Genetic Traits

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 15:58:36 +0100

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Jan 2012, Vol. 12, No. 1: 10-16. (Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases)

Low-Temperature Survival of Salmonella spp. in a Model Food System with Natural Microflora

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 14:37:44 +0100

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)

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Fatty Acid Modulation of Autoinducer (AI-2) Influenced Growth and Macrophage Invasion by Salmonella Typhimurium

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 14:37:40 +0100

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)

Integrating Global Regulatory Input Into the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 Type III Secretion System [Gene Expression]

Genetics — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium uses the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) type III secretion system to induce inflammatory diarrhea and bacterial uptake into intestinal epithelial cells. The expression of hilA, encoding the transcriptional activator of the SPI1 structural genes, is directly controlled by three AraC-like regulators, HilD, HilC, and RtsA, each of which can activate the hilD, hilC, rtsA, and hilA genes, forming a complex feed-forward regulatory loop. A large number of factors and environmental signals have been implicated in SPI1 regulation. We have developed a series of genetic tests that allows us to determine where these factors feed into the SPI1 regulatory circuit. Using this approach, we have grouped 21 of the known SPI1 regulators and environmental sign...

Dietary arginine supplementation alleviates immune challenge induced by Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis bacterin potentially through the Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 88 signalling pathway in weaned piglets.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, Arg supplementation could inhibit the excessive activation of the TLR4-Myd88 signalling pathway and thus attenuated the negative effects caused by the immune challenge of S.C500. PMID: 22214652 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition)

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Safety evaluation of a natural eggshell membrane-derived product.

Food and Chemical Toxicology — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ruff KJ, Endres JR, Clewell AE, Szabo JR, Schauss AG Abstract Natural Eggshell Membrane (NEM®) is a novel dietary ingredient that contains naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans and proteins essential for maintaining healthy joint and connective tissues. NEM® was evaluated for safety via in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies. This included testing for cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, acute oral toxicity, and 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicity. NEM® did not exhibit any cytotoxic effects at a dose of 100μg in an in vitro human cell viability assay after incubation for up to 20h. NEM® did not exhibit any genotoxic effects in an in vitro assay of four strains of histidine-dependent Salmonella typhimurium and one strain of tryptophan-dependent Escherichia coli at a dose of...

Discovery of 2-(4-cyano-3-trifluoromethylphenyl amino)-4-(4-quinazolinyloxy)-6-piperazinyl(piperidinyl)-s-triazines as potential antibacterial agents

Medicinal Chemistry Research — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 16:54:37 +0100

Abstract A series of 2-(4-cyano-3-trifluoromethylphenyl amino)-4-(4-quinazolinyloxy)-6-piperazinyl(piperidinyl)-s-triazines have been synthesized in this study by a simple and efficient synthetic protocol. The synthetic route to final piperazinyl s-triazines involved two nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4-amino-2-trifluoromethyl-benzonitrile and 4-hydroxyquinazoline with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine resulting in 2,4-disubstituted-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine derivative to introduce the piperazinyl or piperidinyl functionality. The structures of the compounds were elucidated with the aid of IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was tested against eight bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus...

Growers Express iceberg lettuce pulled

Health News - UPI.com — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 06:56:13 +0100

SALT LAKE CITY, Jan. 1 (UPI) -- Dozens of Smith's and Kroger supermarkets in nine U.S. states pulled iceberg lettuce from their shelves because of salmonella concerns, officials say. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

Lesion severity at processing as a predictor of Salmonella contamination of swine carcasses.

American Journal of Veterinary Research — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Findings indicated the presence of lesions could be used to predict Salmonella contamination of swine carcasses and that a nonexpert processing-line assessment of lesions could be used to discriminate between healthy and chronically ill swine before their entry into the human food supply. PMID: 22204293 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Veterinary Research)

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Diversity in biofilm formation and production of curli fimbriae and cellulose of Salmonella Typhimurium strains of different origin in high and low nutrient medium.

Biofouling — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Castelijn GA, van der Veen S, Zwietering MH, Moezelaar R, Abee T Abstract The biofilm forming behavior of 51 Salmonella Typhimurium strains was determined in Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB) and 20 times diluted TSB (1/20TSB) at 25°C and 37°C. The results indicated that biofilm forming behavior is influenced by environmental conditions and associated with the origin of the strains. Clinical, outbreak-associated and retail product isolates showed dense biofilm formation in both media at 25°C, and in TSB also at 37°C. However, industrial isolates only showed dense biofilm formation in 1/20TSB at 25°C. By enumeration of biofilm cells, LIVE/DEAD staining and SEM analysis of biofilms it was found that the ratio of cells and extracellular matrix is affected by environmental condit...

Etiology of acute, non-malaria, febrile illnesses in jayapura, northeastern papua, indonesia.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Punjabi NH, Taylor WR, Murphy GS, Purwaningsih S, Picarima H, Sisson J, Olson JG, Baso S, Wangsasaputra F, Lesmana M, Oyofo BA, Simanjuntak CH, Subekti D, Corwin AL, Richie TL Abstract Abstract. We conducted a prospective, inpatient fever study in malaria-endemic Papua, Indonesia to determine non-malaria fever etiologies. Investigations included malaria blood films, blood culture, paired serologic samples analysis for dengue, Japanese encephalitis, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, murine typhus, and spotted fever group rickettsia. During 1997-2000, 226 patients (127 males and 99 females) 1-80 years of age (median age = 25 years) were enrolled. Positive blood cultures (n = 34, 15%) were obtained for Salmonella Typhi (n = 13), Escherichia coli (n = 8), Streptococcus pneumoniae (...

Foodborne Outbreak and Nonmotile Salmonella enterica Variant, France.

Emerging Infectious Diseases — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report a food-related outbreak of salmonellosis in humans caused by a nonmotile variant of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in France in 2009. This nonmotile variant had been circulating in laying hens but was not considered as Typhimurium and consequently escaped European poultry flock regulations. PMID: 22257550 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)

Epidemiology of Bloodstream Infections and Predictive Factors of Mortality among HIV-Infected Adult Patients in Thailand in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, opportunistic infections are still the leading causes of BSI among HIV-infected patients in the HAART era. PMID: 22274154 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases)

Milking the moment

Guardian Unlimited Science — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:06:04 +0100

I like my food to be as pure as possible. But is there any danger in drinking unpasteurised milk?Raw milk is hot right now, feted by fans for its "cow to cup" direct supply chain. Of course the milk itself never gets hot at all. Unlike "normal" milk, which is heated to 72C to achieve pasteurisation, raw milk remains steadfastly unpasteurised. Naturally, shunning the pathogen-busting work of Louis Pasteur it's a controversial tipple.But it is a relatively low-emissions drink compared to conventional milk (although it should be noted that all animal-based products have a substantial footprint). Unlike the 13bn litres of normal milk processed each year by three main processors in 100 sites across the UK, this raw milk is not pre-chilled, siloed, separated, homogenised, pasteuri...

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Development of a novel in-water vaccination protocol for DNA adenine methylase deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine in adult sheep.

Vaccine — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mohler VL, Heithoff DM, Mahan MJ, Hornitzky MA, Thomson PC, House JK Abstract Intensive livestock production is associated with an increased incidence of salmonellosis. The risk of infection and the subsequent public health concern is attributed to increased pathogen exposure and disease susceptibility due to multiple stressors experienced by livestock from farm to feedlot. Traditional parenteral vaccine methods can further stress susceptible populations and cause carcass damage, adverse reactions, and resultant increased production costs. As a potential means to address these issues, in-water delivery of live attenuated vaccines affords a low cost, low-stress method for immunization of livestock populations that is not associated with the adverse handling stressors and in...

Syntheses, spectral, crystallographic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant studies of few Mannich bases

Medicinal Chemistry Research — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 16:50:08 +0100

Abstract The newly synthesized Mannich bases were characterized in this study on the basis of UV–Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectroscopic techniques, and micro elemental analyses. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis on one of the Mannich bases 1-[anilino(phenyl)methyl] pyrrolidine-2,5-dione was also carried out. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c, with a = 15.4871(8) Å, b = 6.6637 (3) Å, c = 20.1544 (11) Å, β = 109.403(2)°, Z = 4 and V = 1961.83 (17) Å3. Antibacterial study has been carried out on all the Mannich bases against a panel of antibacterial (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Bacillus subtilis) and antifungal agents (Asperg...

Malaria Patients Vulnerable To Deadly Infection Due To Immunological Defense Mechanism

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 08:00:00 +0100

The link between malaria and salmonella infections has been explained for the first time, opening the way to more effective treatments. Malaria patients are at high risk of developing fatal bacterial infections, especially salmonella infections. This is commonly believed to be due to generalised immunosuppression by malaria, whereby the entire immune system is weakened and compromised... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Long-term trends in the epidemiology and resistance of childhood bacterial enteropathogens in Crete

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 06:51:16 +0100

In this study, we investigated the long-term trends in the epidemiology and susceptibility of bacterial enteropathogens among children in a well-defined area of adequate health standards. The study included all children younger than 14 years of age treated for enteritis at Heraklion University General Hospital on the island of Crete during the 18-year period from January 1993 to December 2010. Stool specimens were tested for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Yersinia, and Aeromonas species. Of the 33,032 stool samples from patients of any age, 2,912 (8.82%) were positive for bacterial enteropathogens. The 1,597 isolates from children were identified as S. enterica (42.3%), Campylobacter spp. (33.6%), EPEC (17.4%), Y. enterocolitica (5.82%), ...

Immunostimulation of Sugar Cane Extract on Neutrophils to Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Mice

Phytotherapy Research — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, our results suggest that SCE has a positive regulatory effect on the biological function of mouse neutrophils that may increase host resistance against bacterial infections. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Phytotherapy Research)

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Antibacterial effects of natural volatile essential oil from zanthoxylum piperitum a.p. dc. against foodborne pathogens

Journal of Food Biochemistry — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study has shown that Z. piperitum essential oil can be used to control the growth of several foodborne pathogens. It is anticipated that Z. piperitum essential oils and its components may have greater potential as food preservatives. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry)

Foxp3(+) Regulatory T cells, Immune Stimulation and Host Defense against Infection.

Immunology — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Foxp3(+) Regulatory T cells, Immune Stimulation and Host Defense against Infection. Immunology. 2011 Dec 29; Authors: Rowe JH, Ertelt JM, Way SS Abstract The immune system is intricately regulated allowing potent effectors to expand and become rapidly mobilized after infection, while simultaneously silencing potentially detrimental responses that averts immune-mediated damage to host tissues. This relies in large part on the delicate interplay between immune suppressive regulatory CD4(+) T cells (Tregs) and immune effectors that without active suppression by Tregs cause systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity. Although these beneficial roles have been classically described to be counter-balanced by impaired host defense against infection, newfound protective roles for Treg...

Non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia among adults: An adverse prognosis in patients with malignancy.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Malignancy is an adverse prognostic factor in patients with NTS bacteremia. Food safety in patients with malignancy should be emphasized to prevent salmonellosis. PMID: 22209686 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection)

Reduction of Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis carrying large virulence plasmids after the foot and mouth disease outbreak in swine in southern Taiwan, and their independent evolution in human and pig.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: S. Choleraesuis with large pSCV was significantly reduced after the foot and mouth disease outbreak and may evolve in human and swine specific isolates. PMID: 22209685 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection)

The current Salmonella–host interactome

Proteomics. Clinical Applications — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractSalmonella bacteria cause millions of infections and thousands of deaths every year. This pathogen has an unusually broad host range including humans, animals, and even plants. During infection, Salmonella expresses a variety of virulence factors and effectors that are delivered into the host cell triggering cellular responses through protein–protein interactions (PPI) with host cell proteins which make the pathogen's invasion and replication possible. To speed up proteomic efforts in elucidating Salmonella–host interactomes, we carried out a survey of the currently published Salmonella–host PPI. Such a list can serve as the gold standard for computational models aimed at predicting Salmonella–host interactomes through integration of large‐scale biological data sources. M...

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A novel Real Time micro PCR based Point-of-Care device for Salmonella detection in human clinical samples.

Biosensors and Bioelectronics — Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Verdoy D, Barrenetxea Z, Berganzo J, Agirregabiria M, Ruano-López JM, Marimón JM, Olabarría G Abstract Our POC (Point of Care) device is intended to be a diagnostic tool for routine use in the clinical sector. The validation of the whole procedure, including bacterial genomic DNA isolation and the Real Time detection of Salmonella spp., was conducted on 29 clinical stool samples that had been diagnosed with Salmonella spp. by a routine culture technique. The entire process was achieved in a single microfluidic chip within 35min. In comparison to the culture reference method that is used in the clinical laboratories, this new device performed well in regards to the analytical parameters of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Therefore, the POC device reported in this ...

Holiday recalls hit snack makers, alfalfa producer

Reuters: Health — Sun, 25 Dec 2011 23:51:19 +0100

(Reuters) - Two U.S. food makers have voluntarily recalled snacks contaminated by peanuts, while another firm increased its recall of alfalfa products due to salmonella contamination, the Food and Drug Administration said on Sunday. (Source: Reuters: Health)

RECALL Green Valley Food Corp. is Expanding Its Recall to Include The Following Items Because of a Possible Health Risk.

Food and Drug Administration — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 21:59:00 +0100

Green Valley Food Corp. of Dallas, Texas is recalling a grand total of 6,723 cases because of a â€œLetâ€™s Grow Healthy Together!â€� Alfalfa Sprouts 5 oz. container test result showed to be contaminated with Salmonella, an organism that can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. Healthy persons infected with Salmonella often experience fever, diarrhea (which may be bloody), nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. In rare circumstances, infection with Salmonella can result in the organism getting into the bloodstream and producing more severe illnesses such as arterial infections (i.e., infected aneurysms), endocarditis and arthritis. The items affected in the recall are as follows: (Source...

Hepcidin is localised in gastric parietal cells, regulates acid secretion and is induced by Helicobacter pylori infection

Gut — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Hepcidin is a product of parietal cells regulating gastric acid production and may contribute to development of gastric ulcers under stress conditions. (Source: Gut)

Structure of N-formylglycinamide ribonucleotide amidotransferase II (PurL) from Thermus thermophilus HB8

Acta Crystallographica Section F — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

The crystal structure of PurL from Thermus thermophilus HB8 (TtPurL; TTHA1519) was determined in complex with an adenine nucleotide, PO43− and Mg2+ at 2.35 Å resolution. TtPurL consists of 29 α-helices and 28 β-strands, and one loop is disordered. TtPurL consists of four domains, A1, A2, B1 and B2, and the structures of the A1–B1 and A2–B2 domains were almost identical to each other. Although the sequence identity between TtPurL and PurL from Thermotoga maritima (TmPurL) is higher than that between TtPurL and the PurL domain of the large PurL from Salmonella typhimurium (StPurL), the secondary structure of TtPurL is much more similar to that of StPurL than to that of TmPurL. (Source: Acta Crystallographica Section F)

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Green Valley alfalfa sprouts recalled on salmonella risk

Reuters: Health — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 18:13:31 +0100

(Reuters) - Green Valley Food Corp. is recalling 650 cases of alfalfa sprouts distributed in Texas because of possible salmonella contamination, the company said. (Source: Reuters: Health)

In vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and DNA cleavage studies of coumarin Schiff bases and their metal complexes: synthesis and spectral characterization

Medicinal Chemistry Research — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 16:52:25 +0100

Abstract A series of metal complexes of the type ML·2H2O [M = Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II)] have been synthesized with newly synthesized Schiff bases derived from 1,8-diaminonaphthalene and 8-formyl-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin/8-acetyl-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin. The chelation of the metal complexes has been proposed in the light of analytical, spectral (IR, NMR, UV–Vis, ESR, and FAB-mass), magnetic, and thermal studies. The redox behavior of the complexes was investigated by electrochemical method using cyclic voltammetry. The Schiff bases and their complexes have been screened for their antibacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) and antifungal activities (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Cladosp...

RECALL Green Valley Food Corp. â€œLetâ€™s Grow Healthy Together!â€� Alfalfa Sprouts 5 oz. containers because of a possible health risk.

Food and Drug Administration — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 13:36:00 +0100

Green Valley Food Corp. of is recalling 650 cases of â€œLetâ€™s Grow Healthy Together!â€� Alfalfa Sprouts 5 oz. containers, because the results showed to be contaminated with Salmonella, an organism that can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. Healthy persons infected with Salmonella often experience fever, diarrhea (which may be bloody), nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

Eclectic Institute Dietary Supplements: Recall - Possible Salmonella Contamination

FDA MedWatch — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 17:45:00 +0100

Salmonella can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. (Source: FDA MedWatch)

Salmonella enterica as a vaccine carrier

Future Microbiology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 17:15:27 +0100

Future Microbiology , January 2012, Vol. 7, No. 1, Pages 111-127. (Source: Future Microbiology)

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Salmonella type III effector SpvC, a phosphothreonine lyase, contributes to reduction in inflammatory response during intestinal phase of infection

Cellular Microbiology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we show that SpvC can be delivered into the host cell cytoplasm by both SPI‐1 and SPI‐2 T3SSs. Dephosphorylation of the extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases (ERK) was detected in an SPI‐1 T3SS‐dependent manner 2 hours post infection. Using a mouse model for Salmonella enterocolitis, which was treated with streptomycin prior to infection, we observed that mice infected with Salmonellaenterica serovar Typhimurium strains lacking the spvC gene showed pronounced colitis when compared to mice infected with the wild‐type strain 1 day after infection. The effect of SpvC on the development of colitis was characterized by reduced mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and reduced inflammation with less infiltration of neutrophils. Furthermo...

Starwest Botanicals Recalls Starwest Organic Celery Seed. Due to Potential Salmonella Contamination.

Food and Drug Administration — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 20:46:00 +0100

Starwest Botanicals is voluntarily recalling Starwest Organic Celery Seed (Whole) because it has potential to be contaminated with Salmonella. The product is packaged in Mylar 1lb and 2 oz pouches. Salmonella is an organism that can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

Cal Fresco, LLC Recalls Jalapeño and Serrano Chili Peppers Due to Possible Health Risk

Food and Drug Administration — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 20:40:00 +0100

Cal Fresco, LLC (“Cal Fresco”) is voluntarily working with the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and California Department of Public Health (“CDPH”) to coordinate a recall of fresh Jalapeño and Serrano chili peppers for potential contamination with Salmonella. The FDA has advised that a random sample of Cal Fresco Jalapeño and Serrano peppers has tested positive for Salmonella. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

Eclectic Institute Voluntarily Recalls Specific Dietary Supplements Containing Gotu Kola (Centella Asiatic) And Bladerwrack (Fucus Vesiculosus) Because Of Possible Salmonella Contamination

Food and Drug Administration — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 20:23:00 +0100

Eclectic Institute, Sandy, Oregon is voluntarily recalling specific lots of its freeze-dried capsules containing Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) and Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus) capsules because of potential Salmonella contamination. Salmonella is an organism which can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

Certain jalapeno peppers recalled over salmonella fears

CTV Health — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 12:57:26 +0100

The Canadian Food Inspection Agency is warning the public not to eat certain fresh jalapeno peppers because they may be contaminated with salmonella. (Source: CTV Health)

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HPA publishes gastrointestinal infections annual report (2010)

NeLM - News — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Health Protection Agency (HPA) Area: News The Health Protection Agency (HPA) has published its first annual report on gastrointestinal infections, covering the development of surveillance systems, and reporting surveillance data on food-borne and non-food-borne outbreaks in 2010, then specifically data on Vero Cytotoxin-producing E coli, salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter, Norovirus and other gastrointestinal pathogens. Please see the link below for details. (Source: NeLM - News)

Antimicrobial Activity of Lemongrass Oil against Salmonella enterica on Organic Leafy Greens

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The antimicrobial activity of lemongrass oil against S. Newport was concentration and time dependent. The antimicrobial activity increased with exposure time; iceberg samples treated for 2 min generally showed greater reductions (p<0.05) than those treated for 1 min (ca. 1‐log reduction difference for 0.3% and 0.5% treatments). Few samples showed a difference between refrigeration and abuse temperatures.Significance: This study demonstrates the potential of lemongrass oil solutions to inactivate S. Newport on organic leafy greens.© 2011 © University of Arizona Journal of Applied Microbiology© 2011 The Society for Applied Microbiology (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Molecular and Cellular Characterization of a Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A Outbreak Strain and the Human Immune Response to its Infection.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gal-Mor O, Suez J, Elhadad D, Porwollik S, Leshem E, Valinsky L, McClelland M, Schwartz E, Rahav G Abstract Enteric fever is an invasive life-threatening systemic disease caused by the Salmonella enterica human adapted serovars Typhi and Paratyphi. Increasing incidence of infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A) and the spreading of its antibiotic-resistant derivates pose a significant health concern in some areas of the world. Herein we describe a molecular and phenotypic characterization of a S. Paratyphi A strain accounted for a recent paratyphoid outbreak in Nepal, affected at least 37 travelers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of the outbreak isolates revealed one genetic clone (pulsotype), confirming a single infecting source...

Determination of in vivo toxicity and in vitro cytotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide isolated from Salmonella Enteritidis and its potential use for production of polyclonal antibody

Food and Agricultural Immunology — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 18:18:44 +0100

(Source: Food and Agricultural Immunology)

Regulation of phenotypic heterogeneity permits Salmonella evasion of the host caspase-1 inflammatory response [Microbiology]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We report that YdiV controls this expression pattern by preventing transcription of the sigma factor that recruits RNA polymerase to the flagellin promoter. Bistability ensues when the sigma factor is repressed in a subpopulation of cells, resulting in two phenotypes: flagellin expressors and flagellin nonexpressors. Although the ability to swim is presumably a critical survival trait, flagellin activates eukaryotic defense pathways, and Salmonella restrict the production of flagellin during systemic infection. Salmonella mutants lacking YdiV are unable to fully repress flagellin at systemic sites, rendering them vulnerable to caspase-1 mediated colonization restriction. Thus, a regulatory mechanism producing bistability also impacts Salmonella virulence. (Source: Proceedings of the Nation...

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Celery seed recalled on salmonella fears

Reuters: Health — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 22:38:56 +0100

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - B&M Inc is recalling O Organics Organic Celery Seed sold in Safeway Inc stores because of possible salmonella contamination, the Mount Vernon, Missouri, company said. (Source: Reuters: Health)

National outbreak of Salmonella Java phage type 3b variant 9 infection using parallel case-control and case-case study designs, United Kingdom, July to October 2010.

Euro Surveill — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 19:30:02 +0100

Authors: Gobin M, Launders N, Lane C, Kafatos G, Adak B PMID: 22152706 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Euro Surveill)

Host innate recognition of an intestinal bacterial pathogen induces TRIF-dependent protective immunity

The Journal of Experimental Medicine — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which signals through the adapter molecules myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and toll/interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β (TRIF), is required for protection against Gram-negative bacteria. TRIF is known to be important in TLR3-mediated antiviral signaling, but the role of TRIF signaling against Gram-negative enteropathogens is currently unknown. We show that TRIF signaling is indispensable for establishing innate protective immunity against Gram-negative Yersinia enterocolitica. Infection of wild-type mice rapidly induced both IFN-β and IFN- in the mesenteric lymph nodes. In contrast, TRIF-deficient mice were defective in these IFN responses and showed impaired phagocytosis in regional macrophages, resulting in gre...

Prevalence of Selected Bacterial and Parasitic Agents in Feces from Diarrheic and Healthy Control Cats from Northern California

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRoutine fecal cultures and toxin immunoassays for detection of bacteria are of limited diagnostic value in diarrheic cats. Molecular‐based testing is superior to fecal cultures for detection and identification of Campylobacter spp., but positive test results do not correlate to the presence of disease. (Source: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine)

The antimicrobial efficacy of silver on antibiotic‐resistant bacteria isolated from burn wounds

International Wound Journal — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

The antibiotic‐resistant bacteria are a major concern to wound care because of their ability to resist many of the antibiotics used today to treat infections. Consequently, other antimicrobials, in particular ionic silver, are considered ideal topical agents for effectively helping to manage and prevent local infections. Little is known about the antimicrobial efficacy of ionic silver on antibiotic‐resistant bacteria at different pH values. Consequently, in this study our aim was to evaluate the effect of pH on the antimicrobial efficacy of a silver alginate (SA) and a silver carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) dressing on antibiotic‐resistant bacteria isolated from burn patients. Forty‐nine antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, including Vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium, meticill...

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Immunological defense mechanism leaves malaria patients vulnerable to deadly infection

ScienceDaily Headlines — Sun, 18 Dec 2011 20:02:02 +0100

The link between malaria and Salmonella infections has been explained for the first time, opening the way to more effective treatments. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

The streptomycin mouse model for Salmonella diarrhea: functional analysis of the microbiota, the pathogen’s virulence factors, and the host’s mucosal immune response

Immunological Reviews — Sun, 18 Dec 2011 15:54:13 +0100

Summary: The mammalian intestine is colonized by a dense microbial community, the microbiota. Homeostatic and symbiotic interactions facilitate the peaceful co‐existence between the microbiota and the host, and inhibit colonization by most incoming pathogens (‘colonization resistance’). However, if pathogenic intruders overcome colonization resistance, a fierce, innate inflammatory defense can be mounted within hours, the adaptive arm of the immune system is initiated, and the pathogen is fought back. The molecular nature of the homeostatic interactions, the pathogen’s ability to overcome colonization resistance, and the triggering of native and adaptive mucosal immune responses are still poorly understood. To study these mechanisms, the streptomycin mouse model for Salmonella d...

Plasma membrane cholesterol plays a critical role in the Salmonella-induced anti-inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells.

Cellular Immunology — Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100

Authors: Huang FC Abstract Our recent study demonstrated that a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt-dependent anti-inflammatory pathway was activated by Salmonella in intestinal epithelial cells. Salmonella virulence is dependent on the ability of the bacterium to invade nonphagocytic host cells and then survive and replicate within modified Salmonella-containing vacuoles where cholesterol accumulates. In addition, cholesterol in membrane lipid rafts is frequently a platform for the activation of downstream signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt pathway. However, the role of plasma membrane cholesterol in the Salmonella-induced anti-inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells has not been elucidated. Here, we show that the effect of plasma membrane cholesterol dep...

Immunological defense mechanism leaves malaria patients vulnerable to deadly infection

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Sun, 18 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine) The link between malaria and Salmonella infections has been explained for the first time, opening the way to more effective treatments. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Malaria impairs resistance to Salmonella through heme- and heme oxygenase–dependent dysfunctional granulocyte mobilization

Nature Medicine — Sun, 18 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Malaria impairs resistance to Salmonella through heme- and heme oxygenase–dependent dysfunctional granulocyte mobilization Nature Medicine 18, 120 (2012). doi:10.1038/nm.2601 Authors: Aubrey J Cunnington, J Brian de Souza, Michael Walther & Eleanor M Riley (Source: Nature Medicine)

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Bacterial infections of Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), returning to gamete collecting weirs in Michigan

Journal of Fish Diseases — Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:53:18 +0100

AbstractHerein, we describe the prevalence of bacterial infections in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), returning to spawn in two tributaries within the Lake Michigan watershed. Ten bacterial genera, including Renibacterium, Aeromonas, Carnobacterium, Serratia, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Hafnia, Salmonella, Shewanella and Morganella, were detected in the kidneys of Chinook salmon (n = 480) using culture, serological and molecular analyses. Among these, Aeromonas salmonicida was detected at a prevalence of ∼15%. Analyses revealed significant interactions between location/time of collection and gender for these infections, whereby overall infection prevalence increased greatly later in the spawning run and was significantly higher in females. Renibacterium salmoninarum was...

B&M, Inc. Conducts A Voluntary Recall Of O Organics Organic Celery Seed Sold At Safeway Nationwide Due To Possible Salmonella Contamination

Food and Drug Administration — Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:02:00 +0100

B&M, Inc. of Mount Vernon, Missouri is voluntarily recalling O Organics Organic Celery Seed sold in Safeway stores due to potential Salmonella contamination. The product is sold at all Safeway-owned stores, including Safeway, Carrs, Dominick’s, Genuardi’s, Pak ‘N Save, Pavilions, Randalls, Tom Thumb and Vons. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

OmpR May Regulate the Putative YehU/YehT Two-Component System in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Under Hypotonic Growth Condition.

Current Microbiology — Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhang H, Du H, Ji X, Ni B, Mao L, Xu S, Sheng X, Xu H, Huang X Abstract Decreased expression (twofold) of a putative yehUTS operon of which yehUT encodes a putative YehU/YehT two-component system in the ompR mutant from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) GIFU10007 under hypotonic growth condition was observed by qRT-PCR. Purified recombinant protein OmpR(His6) of GIFU10007 was shown to bind the upstream region of the yehU gene by the gel-shift assay. In addition, the yehT deletion mutant (ΔyehT) displayed differential expression (twofold or higher) of 26 genes under the condition by the DNA microarray analysis. Altogether, OmpR might regulate the YehUT system in S. Typhi under hypotonic growth condition. PMID: 22179129 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (So...

Swanson Health Products Recalls Swanson Organic Celery Seed

Food and Drug Administration — Sat, 17 Dec 2011 04:37:00 +0100

Swanson Health Products is voluntarily recalling Swanson Organic Celery Seed (Whole) which is packaged in plastic bottles with a net weight of 1.4 oz. (40 grams) because it has the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella. Salmonella is an organism that can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)