MedWorm: Anoscopy

Evaluation and Management of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV-Negative and HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men

Current Infectious Disease Reports — Wed, 24 Feb 2010 06:55:52 +0100

Abstract The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated anal cancer in men who have sex with men (MSM) is striking and has not been mitigated by the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Detection and treatment of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN) may reduce the incidence of anal cancer. Anal cytology is a useful tool to detect HGAIN; annual screening of HIV-positive MSM and biennial screening of HIV-negative MSM appears to be cost-effective. MSM with abnormal cytology should be referred for high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy. Individuals with HGAIN should receive treatment; treatment modalities for HGAIN demonstrate moderate efficacy and are usually well tolerated, but greater study is required to determine which treatment is optimal. Lar...

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Anal carcinoma in HIV-positive men: results of a prospective study from Germany.

The British Journal of Dermatology — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Anal carcinoma and AIN are frequent in HIV-positive men, even in patients participating in anal cancer prevention programs. High-grade dysplasia in these patients can progress to invasive cancer within a short period of time. Anal margin carcinoma and anal canal carcinoma substantially differ in their lesional HPV-spectrum, prognosis, and treatment response. PMID: 20184584 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Dermatology)

A dedicated applicator for light delivery and monitoring of PDT of intra-anal intraepithelial neoplasia

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to develop an applicator for delivery of light and monitoring of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the anal cavity for treatment of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (AIN III), which can progress to invasive anal cancer.Forty-eight hours before treatment, patients participating in the study were injected with 0.03 (n=2) or 0.075 (n=2)mgkg−1 m-THPC. For light delivery and monitoring of PDT, an applicator based on standard anoscopy equipment was developed which facilitates, in addition to a light treatment fiber, fiber optic probes to monitor blood saturation, blood volume, fluorescence and fluence (rate) at two different locations in situ. Patients were given a light dose of 10–17Jcm−2 at a fluence rate of 45–50mWcm−2 based on in situ measured li...

Comparison of a modified anoscope and the purse-string anoscope in stapled haemorrhoidopexy.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Thu, 26 Nov 2009 13:54:32 +0100

CONCLUSION: Operation time decreased and the surgeon's satisfaction increased with use of the modified anoscope, and fewer haemostatic sutures were required if the surgeon waited longer before and after firing the stapler. PMID: 19938197 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

Anal-rectal cytology: A review

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The incidence of invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma, a human papilloma virus (HPV) related cancer, is on the rise, especially in HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Like cervical cancer, anal cancer is associated with precursor lesions detectable on exfoliative cytology as squamous intraepithelial lesions and on biopsy as intraepithelial neoplasia. Anal-rectal cytology screening programs, similar to cervical cytology screening programs, have been developed in an effort to detect and to eradicate precursor lesions prior to progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Either conventional or liquid-based anal-rectal cytology specimens are acceptable, but liquid-based specimens are preferred. Specimens may be collected by health care professionals or by patients. A minimum of ...

Anal cytology in patients with AIDS

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Wed, 07 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

The objective of the present study was to study the prevalence of abnormal anal cytology in patients with AIDS. Anal smears, obtained with a cytobrush, of 102 HIV-positive patients of the Emilio Ribas Institute (Sao Paulo, Brazil) were collected, and only after that, the patients were submitted to anoscopy. Thirty-two patients had LSIL and 14 others had HSIL. Squamous intra-epithelial lesions were also observed in 38% of the patients without condyloma (18/47): in 9 of the 33 patients without history of condyloma (27%) and in 9 of the 14 patients who had previously treated condyloma (64%). An invasive squamous cell carcinoma was observed in one patient without history of condyloma. In all 13 patients with HSIL, biopsies guided by high resolution anoscopy confirmed high grade dysplasia. Our ...

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Short-term results of DST EEA 33 stapler and neu@ anoscope for stapled haemorrhoidectomy: a prospective study of 1,118 patients from a single centre

Techniques in Coloproctology — Sat, 19 Sep 2009 05:51:51 +0100

Conclusion Stapled haemorrhoidectomy using the DST EEA 33 stapler is safe. The neu@ anoscope provides good visibility and handling, and is a useful tool in this procedure. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10151-009-0532-0Authors Ming Hian Kam, Singapore General Hospital Department of Colorectal Surgery Outram Road Singapore 169608 SingaporeJit Fong Lim, Singapore General Hospital Department of Colorectal Surgery Outram Road Singapore 169608 SingaporeKok Sun Ho, Singapore General Hospital Department of Colorectal Surgery Outram Road Singapore 169608 SingaporeBoon Swee Ooi, Singapore General Hospital Department of Colorectal Surgery Outram Road Singapore 169608 SingaporeKong Weng Eu, Singapore General Hospital Department of Colorectal Sur...

Management of Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery — Thu, 28 May 2009 08:29:49 +0100

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 2009; 22: 094-101DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1223840ABSTRACTAnal squamous intraepithelial lesions include both low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and are caused by chronic infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). The disease is increasing in both incidence and prevalence, especially among patients with the following risk factors: homosexual men, acquired or iatrogenic immunosuppression, and presence of other HPV-related diseases. Although the natural history of the disease is unknown, there is significant evidence that untreated HSIL progresses to squamous cell carcinoma in 11% of patients and in up to 50% of patients with extensive disease and immunosuppression. Anal cytology and reflex...

High level of HPV 16 and 18 DNA load in anal swabs from male and female HIV-1 infected patients

Journal of Clinical Virology — Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the link between high anal HPV DNA load and progression to anal squamous intraepithelial lesions and anal cancer. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)

High level of HPV 16 and 18 DNA load in anal swabs from male and female HIV-1 infected patients.

Journal of Clinical Virology — Thu, 05 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the link between high anal HPV DNA load and progression to anal squamous intraepithelial lesions and anal cancer. PMID: 19269245 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)

[Anogenital warts: a clinical, pathological and virological study.]

Anales de Pediatria — Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between the presence of anogenital warts (AGW) in children and the sexual abuse as mode of transmission. Our series includes 8 patients with AGW who were treated in our hospital during the year 2007. A complete physical examination was carried out, including colposcopy or anoscopy, and samples were taken for histopathological examination and human papiloma virus (HPV) subtyping. We considered perinatal transmission as a possible route in two cases. Although sexual abuse was definitively confirmed in only one case, we observed some findings in four cases that led us to consider the possibility of sexual abuse. We did not consider the possibility of heteroinoculation or autoinoculation from common warts in any case. Our...

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Comparison of patient- and clinician-collected anal cytology samples to screen for human papillomavirus-associated anal intraepithelial neoplasia in men who have sex with men.

Annals of Internal Medicine — Tue, 02 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: In a community-based sample, a high proportion of HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men have AIN. The sensitivity of cytology to detect AIN is higher for clinician-collected versus self-collected specimens and for HIV-positive versus HIV-negative men. The specificity of cytology to detect AIN is higher in HIV-negative versus HIV-positive men. However, the probability of AIN in a patient with a negative cytology result may not be low enough (23% for HIV-negative men and 45% for HIV-positive men with a patient-collected specimen) for clinicians to be comfortable recommending no anoscopy for those with a negative cytology result if done as a one-time test. These data raise the question of whether the optimal population screening strategy is cytology screening wit...

A simplified method for anal ultrasonography: assessment of patient satisfaction and the simplicity of the procedure

Techniques in Coloproctology — Tue, 05 Aug 2008 07:05:43 +0100

Conclusions This simple and less-costly adaptation of anal ultrasonography allows good quality examinations to be performed with better patient comfort in units with echoendoscopes already available, avoiding the need for a more expensive dedicated probe. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10151-008-0422-xAuthors D. Castellani, University of Perugia Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Perugia ItalyE. Antonelli, University of Perugia Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Perugia ItalyG. Sabatino, University of Perugia Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Perugia ItalyV. Giuliano, Univer...

Performing Handsewn Coloanal Anastomosis with the Pursestring Suture Anoscope

Diseases of the Colon & Rectum — Thu, 03 Jul 2008 08:05:21 +0100

Abstract The pursestring suture anoscope, originally developed for the procedure for rectal prolapse and hemorrhoids, has been successfully used when performing coloanal anastomosis. The use of this tool for handsewn coloanal anastomosis can achieve relatively atraumatic results to the patient. It is a suitable and handy tool that makes handsewn transanal colonanal anastomosis simple and easy to perform. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Technical NotesDOI 10.1007/s10350-008-9309-1Authors Chih-Chien Chin, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery 6 West, Chia-Pu Rd Putz City, Chiayi County TaiwanWen-Shih Huang, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery 6 West, Chia-Pu Rd Putz...

Videoanoscope-assisted stapled haemorrhoidopexy: analysis of 18 patients

Techniques in Coloproctology — Wed, 11 Jun 2008 06:08:59 +0100

Abstract An optimal stapled haemorrhoidopexy requires the purse-string suture to be placed circumferentially at a constant distance from the dentate line and to pass through an appropriate thickness of rectal mucosa. An unsuitable purse-string suture may increase the risk of postoperative complications. We developed a new anoscope (the videoanoscope) to prevent the difficulties during application of the purse-string suture, and we used the videoanoscope in 18 stapled haemorrhoidopexy procedures. The videoanoscope is made up of three pieces. The front part is in the form of an open half-cylinder. The second piece is a sliding lid that covers the front piece. The rear part of the anoscope includes a hollow handle in which a scope can be inserted, and the whole procedure can ...

Management of internal genital warts: do we all agree? A postal survey

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Tue, 20 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100

A postal survey was undertaken to determine whether there was any consensus of opinion regarding the management of internal genital warts in genitourinary medicine clinics in the UK. Overall, 110 forms were returned (57% response). The majority of clinics would refer patients with cervical warts for colposcopy especially if the patient was over the age of 25 or HIV-positive. Proctoscopy or anoscopy was performed in 60% of clinics for patients with perianal warts to determine the presence of warts within the anal canal or rectum. Only 24% of patients with intra-anal warts are referred directly to surgery for biopsy, increasing to 61% if the patient has HIV infection. Cryotherapy is the main treatment for all types of internal warts. Our findings suggest there is no consensus and we recommen...

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Hybrid Capture II Detection of Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus: A Useful Tool When Evaluating Men Who Have Sex with Men with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance on Anal Cytology

Diseases of the Colon & Rectum — Thu, 15 May 2008 06:02:16 +0100

Conclusions Hybrid-Capture II testing for high-risk human papillomavirus in men who have sex with men with atypical cells of undetermined significance and referring only those with high-risk human papillomavirus reduces the number who require high-resolution anoscopy by more than half. Five percent with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions would be missed. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionDOI 10.1007/s10350-008-9306-4Authors Stephen E. Goldstone, Department of Surgery Mt. Sinai School of Medicine New York New York USAAdam Z. Kawalek, Department of Internal Medicine New York University School of Medicine New York New York USARobert N. Goldstone, Department of Surgery Mt. Sinai School of Medicine New York New York USAAndrew B. Goldstone, ...

A new anoscope for transanal surgery.

American Journal of Surgery — Tue, 06 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Preliminary histologic studies in the pig suggest that the design of the anoscope prevents inclusion of the muscular layer in the pursestring. PMID: 18466861 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Surgery)

[Clinical] Diagnosing chlamydia and managing proctitis in men who have sex with men: current UK practice

Sexually Transmitted Infections — Thu, 27 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: There is a wide variation in the diagnosis and management of chlamydial infection in MSM and there is an urgent need for a more consistent approach. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

High-Resolution Anoscopy Targeted Surgical Destruction of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions: A Ten-Year Experience

Diseases of the Colon & Rectum — Tue, 25 Mar 2008 07:16:40 +0100

Conclusions High-resolution anoscopy-targeted destruction combined with office-based surveillance and therapy is effective in controlling high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and is superior to reports of expectant management or traditional mapping procedures. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionDOI 10.1007/s10350-008-9233-4Authors Carlos E. Pineda, Stanford University School of Medicine Department of General Surgery Stanford California USAJ. Michael Berry, University of California San Francisco Department of Medicine San Francisco California USANaomi Jay, University of California San Francisco Department of Medicine San Francisco California USAJoel M. Palefsky, University of California San Francisco Department of Medicine San Francisco Cal...

Validation set correlates of anogenital injury after sexual assault.

Accident and Emergency Nursing — Fri, 29 Feb 2008 20:09:27 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half the patients displayed AGI. This rate is higher than earlier studies, but consistent with current investigations utilizing similar injury detection methods. The correlates of injury found reinforce the findings of prior studies, while prompting questions for future study. PMID: 18304053 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Accident and Emergency Nursing)

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High-Resolution Anoscopy in the Diagnosis of Anal Cancer Precursor Lesions in Renal Graft Recipients

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Tue, 26 Feb 2008 15:46:37 +0100

Conclusions With a prevalence of 23.81% of subclinical ASIL-ACU lesions, the studied renal graft recipients had all these lesions detected by high-resolution anoscopy, notwithstanding most anal transition zone acetowhitened biopsied areas did not reveal histopathological aspects of anal cancer precursor lesions or condyloma acuminatum. Therefore, greater experience with the diagnostic tool was felt necessary to enhance its positive predictive value, specificity and diagnostic precision. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gastrointestinal OncologyDOI 10.1245/s10434-007-9750-8Authors Ivan Tramujas da Costa e Silva, Federal University of Amazonas Department of Surgery, School of Medicine Rua Afonso Pena, 1053 Manaus Amazonas 69020-160 BrazilLuiz Carlos de Lima Ferreir...

Anal Human Papillomavirus Testing with Digene’s Hybrid Capture 2 Using Two Different Sampling Methods

Diseases of the Colon & Rectum — Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:41:50 +0100

Conclusions Anal screening for human papillomavirus-DNA by hybrid capture 2 is a useful method for detection of human papillomavirus-associated disease. Sample collection using Dacron swabs identifies more human papillomavirus-positive patients, and yields higher relative light unit values than using the cervical brush. Further studies are needed to determine the exact value of hybrid capture 2 in the screening for (pre)cancerous lesions of the anal canal. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionsDOI 10.1007/s10350-007-9082-6Authors Florian Roka, Medical University Vienna Department of Dermatology, Division of General Dermatology Vienna AustriaJulia Roka, Medical University Vienna Department of Surgery Austria, Waehringer Guertel 18–20 A-1090 Vien...

Perianal squamous cell carcinoma with high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in an HIV-positive patient using highly active antiretroviral therapy: case report.

Sao Paulo Medical Journal — Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nahas SC, Nahas CS, Silva Filho EV, Levi JE, Atui FC, Marques CF CONTEXT: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has turned human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection into a chronic condition, and this has led to increased incidence of anal dysplasia among HIV-positive patients. Routine anal evaluation including the anal canal and perianal area is recommended for this population, especially for patients infected by oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types. CASE REPORT: A 54-year-old homosexual HIV-positive man presented with a six-year history of recurrent perianal and anal warts. He had previously undergone incomplete surgical excision and fulguration in another institution on two occasions. He had been using HAART over the past two years. He presented some condylom...

High Resolution Anoscopy in the Planned Staged Treatment of Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in HIV-Negative Patients

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery — Tue, 21 Aug 2007 06:47:34 +0100

Abstract Anal dysplasia (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, LSIL; high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, HSIL) is a challenging disease for the surgeon. We reviewed 42 patients that underwent high-resolution anoscopy (HRA)-targeted surgical therapy of anal dysplasia in the past 10 years. Patients were followed up in the Anal Neoplasia Clinic with physical examination, cytology, HRA, and biopsy if indicated. Patients with disease amenable to local therapy were treated with office-based HRA-directed therapies. There were 30 men (mean age 39 years, range 21–63) and 12 women (mean age 50 years, range 31–71) included in the study. HSIL was present in 33, with four undergoing planned staged treatment due to circumferential disease. HSIL recurred ...

Combined Colonoscopy and Three-Quadrant Hemorrhoidal Ligation: 500 Consecutive Cases

Diseases of the Colon & Rectum — Tue, 31 Jul 2007 06:45:36 +0100

Conclusions Combining colonoscopy with three-quadrant hemorrhoidal ligation is a safe and effective method of treating symptomatic internal hemorrhoids. The procedure is convenient for both physician and patient and makes more efficient use of time and resources. Content TypeJournal Article JournalDiseases of the Colon & RectumOnline ISSN 1530-0358Print ISSN 0012-3706 (Source: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum)

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Local Anesthesia of Upper Anal Canal for Multiple Rubber Band Ligation: Description of Technique and Preliminary Results

Diseases of the Colon & Rectum — Tue, 31 Jul 2007 06:45:35 +0100

Conclusions Local anesthesia of the upper anal canal results in full relaxation and maximal mucosal redundancy of the anal canal simulating the anus in a natural condition during defecation. This gives an excellent exposure of the anal canal, enabling an accurate and multiple applications of rubber bands without pain during and shortly after the procedure. Content TypeJournal Article JournalDiseases of the Colon & RectumOnline ISSN 1530-0358Print ISSN 0012-3706 (Source: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum)

Ethicon Endo-Surgery Inc - Proximate PPH, Procedure for Prolapse and Hemmorroids Set, REF PPH03 - Class 2 Recall

Medical Device Recalls since July 07, 2006 — Thu, 28 Jun 2007 04:30:08 +0100

Proximate PPH, Procedure for Prolapse and Hemmorroids Set, REF PPH03. Each set contains: 1 hemorrhoidal circular stapler, 1 suture threader, 1 circular anal dilator, and 1 purse string suture anoscope. (Source: Medical Device Recalls since July 07, 2006)

Long-term outcome of a multicentre randomized clinical trial of stapled haemorrhoidopexy versus Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy

British Journal of Surgery — Tue, 22 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100

This study reports the long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial comparing the two techniques in 100 patients affected by third- and fourth-degree haemorrhoids.All patients were contacted and invited to attend the clinic to assess long-term functional outcome. The degree of continence and satisfaction were assessed by questionnaire. Anal manometry and anoscopy were performed.Eighty patients were available after a median follow-up of 87 months. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of incontinence, stenosis, pain, bleeding, residual skin tags or recurrent prolapse. A tendency towards a higher recurrence rate was reported in patients with fourth-degree haemorrhoids, irrespective of the technique used. No significant changes in anal manom...

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Anal Cytologic Abnormalities and Human Papillomavirus Infection in a Rural Population of HIV-Infected Males

Diseases of the Colon & Rectum — Thu, 12 Apr 2007 06:58:23 +0100

Conclusions Anal squamous intraepithelial lesions and oncogenic human papillomavirus are highly prevalent in males infected with HIV and living in a rural setting. Content TypeJournal Article JournalDiseases of the Colon & RectumOnline ISSN 1530-0358Print ISSN 0012-3706 (Source: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum)

Infrared Coagulator Ablation of High-Grade Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in HIV-Negative Males Who Have Sex with Males

Diseases of the Colon & Rectum — Fri, 23 Mar 2007 12:14:30 +0100

Conclusions Infrared coagulation is a safe and effective office-based procedure for treating anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Although recurrence was high after the first infrared coagulation, repeated treatment led to resolution of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Treatment success with infrared coagulation is significantly superior in HIV-negative patients compared with HIV-positive patients. Content TypeJournal Article JournalDiseases of the Colon & RectumOnline ISSN 1530-0358Print ISSN 0012-3706 (Source: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum)

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Response to "Anoscopy could be beneficial for women with external anogenital condyloma"

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology — Mon, 05 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: O'mahony C PMID: 17343975 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology)

Anoscopy could be beneficial for women with external anogenital condyloma-A response to the letter by Dr. C. O'Mahony.

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology — Wed, 21 Feb 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mlakar B PMID: 17320265 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology)

Anoscopy could be beneficial for women with external anogenital condyloma.

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology — Mon, 19 Feb 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mlakar B PMID: 17314001 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology)

Siascopy Sees Stuff In Skin

Medgadget — Fri, 08 Dec 2006 07:00:00 +0100

The good people of Frost & Sullivan have bestowed their European Technology Innovation of the Year award upon UK company Astron Clinica for their SIAscope. Now, we've used scopes of all kinds, from ophthalmoscopes to anoscopes, and had never heard of the SIAscope. But it's real, it's new, and this spectrophotometric intra-cutaneous analysis (SIA, see?) lets doctors see the constituents of skin without hacking it to pieces. "Astron Clinica's SIAscopy utilises both visible and infrared (IR) light to examine skin components such as blood, melanin, dermal melanin and collagen to a depth of 2 mm below the skin's surface, and provides gross living pathological data on skin lesions," notes Frost & Sullivan Research Analyst Sangeetha Prabakar. "This eliminates the need for other more laborious cli...

Prevalence of Perianal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV-Infected Patients Referred for High-Resolution Anoscopy

Diseases of the Colon & Rectum — Fri, 15 Sep 2006 08:06:00 +0100

This study was designed to describe perianal disease in a cohort of HIV-infected patients referred for high-resolution anoscopy. Content TypeJournal Article JournalDiseases of the Colon & RectumOnline ISSN 1530-0358Print ISSN 0012-3706 (Source: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum)

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Dna 2.0?

Medgadget — Tue, 25 Jul 2006 17:37:56 +0100

If there is one cardinal truth in the gadget world, it is that products must continually change and improve to become better, faster, and sexier. Plain Xray films have evolved into digital films on my smartphone. Anoscopes have become self-propelling, self navigating, disposable colonoscopes. Now, in an effort to win the techno rat-race, plain boring old DNA has released its newest model which is sure to rock the ribonucleic acid world. Ladies and gentlemen, we introduce to you--DNA 2.0!! Researchers believe they have found a second code in DNA in addition to the genetic code. The genetic code specifies all the proteins that a cell makes. The second code, superimposed on the first, sets the placement of the nucleosomes, miniature protein spools around which the DNA is looped. The spools bo...