MedWorm: CT Scan

Atypical facial pain related to apical fenestration and overfilling

International Endodontic Journal — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 16:25:28 +0100

Pasqualini D, Scotti N, Ambrogio P, Alovisi M, Berutti E. Atypical facial pain related to apical fenestration and overfilling. International Endodontic JournalAbstractAim To report a case of apical fenestration and overfilling in which unusual pain characteristics made differential diagnosis challenging.Summary A 32‐year‐old woman with diffuse, spontaneous, moderate pain in the maxillary left posterior sector, exacerbated by masticatory and facial muscle movement, with intense sporadic electric‐shooting pain, underwent clinical examination and 3D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Apical fenestration with protrusion of the mesial root of tooth 26 beyond the buccal cortical plate, extrusion of canal filling material into the soft tissues and a periosteal reaction were detecte...

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CT-based quantitative SPECT for the radionuclide (201)Tl: experimental validation and a standardized uptake value for brain tumour patients.

Cancer Imaging — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 00:30:02 +0100

Authors: Willowson K, Bailey D, Schembri G, Baldock C Abstract We have previously reported on a method for reconstructing quantitative data from (99m)Tc single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images based on corrections derived from X-ray computed tomography, producing accurate results in both experimental and clinical studies. This has been extended for use with the radionuclide (201)Tl. Accuracy was evaluated with experimental phantom studies, including corrections for partial volume effects where necessary. The quantitative technique was used to derive standardized uptake values (SUVs) for (201)Tl evaluation of brain tumours. A preliminary study was performed on 26 patients using (201)Tl SPECT scans to assess residual tumour after surgery and then to monitor response...

The emergence of diagnostic imaging technologies in breast cancer: discovery, regulatory approval, reimbursement, and adoption in clinical guidelines.

Cancer Imaging — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 00:30:02 +0100

Authors: Gold LS, Klein G, Carr L, Kessler L, Sullivan SD Abstract In this article, we trace the chronology of developments in breast imaging technologies that are used for diagnosis and staging of breast cancer, including mammography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. We explore factors that affected clinical acceptance and utilization of these technologies from discovery to clinical use, including milestones in peer-reviewed publication, US Food and Drug Administration approval, reimbursement by payers, and adoption into clinical guidelines. The factors driving utilization of new imaging technologies are mainly driven by regulatory approval and reimbursement by payers rather than evidence that they provide benefits...

Diffuse pulmonary uptake on FDG-PET with normal CT diagnosed as intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: a case report and a discussion of the causes of diffuse FDG uptake in the lungs.

Cancer Imaging — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 00:30:02 +0100

Authors: Wagner T, Brechemier D, Dugert E, Le Guellec S, Julian A, Hitzel A, Beyne-Rauzy O Abstract A 71-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with asthenia, weight loss, fever, cognitive impairment and shortness of breath. Physical examination showed hemiparesis and cerebellar ataxia. There was no superficial lymphadenopathy. Blood tests showed raised levels of C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were negative. [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) showed intense uptake within a right apical nodule and intense and diffuse uptake of FDG in the lungs without corresponding structural CT abnormality. Lung biopsy showed intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL). FDG-PET findings i...

Incidence of Asymptomatic Cerebral Microthromboembolism After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Guided by Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrogram

Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The incidence of cerebral microthromboembolism after CFAE ablation was not greater than previous reports in PVI. Cautious management is required during AF ablation, especially in the patients with low LVEF. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. pp. 1‐7) (Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology)

Venous malformations of the temporal bone are a common feature in CHARGE syndrome

The Laryngoscope — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:Temporal bone venous abnormalities are a common feature in CHARGE syndrome. The pattern of venous abnormality suggests that there is a failure of the sigmoid sinus/jugular bulb to fully develop, resulting in persistence of emissary veins. Recognition of these abnormal venous structures during otologic surgery is critical to avoiding potentially catastrophic bleeding. (Source: The Laryngoscope)

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Pattern of adrenal morphology and function in patients with acromegaly

European Journal of Clinical Investigation — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 02:06:19 +0100

Conclusions This study provides evidence of an increased prevalence of anatomic and functional adrenal alterations in patients with acromegaly; further studies will clarify the importance of evaluating these subjects with baseline hormonal investigation along with dynamic testing and modified cut‐offs. (Source: European Journal of Clinical Investigation)

Epilepsy in Tanzanian children: Association with perinatal events and other risk factors

Epilepsia — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study from sub‐Saharan Africa, CWE predominantly had focal features that support the suggestion that most epilepsy in this region has a symptomatic etiology. Adverse perinatal events were strongly associated with epilepsy. Genetic and social factors may also be important. Epilepsy may be preventable in a significant proportion of children with better antenatal and perinatal care. (Source: Epilepsia)

CT Scan

About.com Eating Disorders — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

: A computed tomography scan is a study that uses a series of X-Rays to create image "slices" of the (Source: About.com Eating Disorders)

Ethmoid sinus osteoma: Diagnosis and management

Head and Neck — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionEthmoid sinus osteoma can be asymptomatic and detected incidentally on CT scans, but often causes frontal sinusitis and orbital complications. The endoscopic approach offers the possibility of safe removal with cosmetic advantages compared to coronal approach. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Differentiation of autoimmune pancreatitis with pancreatic carcinoma remains a challenge to physicians

Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Although some recent advances have been made in helping the diagnosis of AIP, the differentiation of AIP with pancreatic carcinoma is still a challenge. In clinical practice, it must be reminded to exclude AIP before making the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.© 2012 The Authors. Journal of Digestive Diseases © 2012 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. (Source: Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases)

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Predicting outcome of IV thrombolysis-treated ischemic stroke patients: The DRAGON score

Neurology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The DRAGON score is valid at our site and was reliable externally. It can support clinical decision-making, especially when invasive add-on strategies are considered. The score was not studied in patients with basilar artery occlusion. Further external validation is warranted. (Source: Neurology)

[Articles] Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and single-photon emission computed tomography for diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CE-MARC): a prospective trial

LANCET — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CE-MARC is the largest, prospective, real world evaluation of CMR and has established CMR's high diagnostic accuracy in coronary heart disease and CMR's superiority over SPECT. It should be adopted more widely than at present for the investigation of coronary heart disease. (Source: LANCET)

Time-reversal transcranial ultrasound beam focusing using a k-space method.

Physics in Medicine and Biology — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 04:37:58 +0100

Authors: Jing Y, Meral FC, Clement GT Abstract This paper proposes the use of a k-space method to obtain the correction for transcranial ultrasound beam focusing. Mirroring past approaches, a synthetic point source at the focal point is numerically excited, and propagated through the skull, using acoustic properties acquired from registered computed tomography of the skull being studied. The received data outside the skull contain the correction information and can be phase conjugated (time reversed) and then physically generated to achieve a tight focusing inside the skull, by assuming quasi-plane transmission where shear waves are not present or their contribution can be neglected. Compared with the conventional finite-difference time-domain method for wave propagation simulation...

Salivary duct carcinomas: clinical and CT and MR imaging features in 20 patients

Neuroradiology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:51:47 +0100

Conclusion Ill-defined, infiltrative mass with calcification on CT scans and the areas of marked hypointensity on T2-weighted MR images may be useful radiologic features to suggest the diagnosis of SDC. CT and MR imaging are useful for staging of SDC. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Head and Neck RadiologyPages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00234-012-1014-zAuthors Young Cheol Weon, Department of Radiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South KoreaSun-Won Park, Department of Radiology, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaHyung-Jin Kim, Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710 South Korea...

Evaluation of stent visibility by flat panel detector CT in patients treated for intracranial aneurysms

Neuroradiology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:51:46 +0100

Conclusion XperCT technique provides multiplanar and 3D reconstructions that allows for a satisfying visualization of intracranial stents. This CT-like acquisition should be performed after the stent deployment and before coiling, in order to obtain better stent visualization. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Interventional NeuroradiologyPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00234-011-1002-8Authors Frédéric Clarençon, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, FranceMichel Piotin, Fondation A. de Rothschild, 25, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, FranceSilvia Pistocchi, Fondation A. de Rothschild, 25, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, FranceDrazenko Babic, Philips Healthcare, Best, The NetherlandsRaphaël Blanc, Fondation A. de Rothschild, 25, rue Manin, 75019 P...

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Portal Venous Gas: A Clinical Finding in Obstructed Infracardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection

Pediatric Cardiology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:51:35 +0100

We report a case of obstructive total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) which presented in a way that has not previously been described. An infant with mixed type obstructive TAPVC was found to have pulmonary interstitial emphysema and portal venous gas on a scout radiograph obtained prior to computed tomography scan. The presence of portal venous gas indicated a connection between the pulmonary venous system and the portal venous system infradiaphragmatically. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Images in Pediatric CardiologyPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s00246-012-0195-xAuthors Hoyoung Chung, Pediatric Residency Program, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USALawrence D. Lilien, Division of Neonatology, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Neonatology A...

MDCT of abdominal wall lumbar hernias: anatomical review, pathologic findings and differential diagnosis

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:12:01 +0100

Conclusions Currently available MDCT provides an excellent opportunity for reviewing the normal anatomy of the wall lumbar region and may be considered a useful modality for evaluating lumbar hernias. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Anatomic Bases of Medical, Radiological and Surgical TechniquesPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00276-012-0937-8Authors Joaquín Martín, Department of Radiology, Hospital Reina Sofía, Ctra Tarazona km 3, 31500 Tudela, Navarra, SpainJosé María Mellado, Department of Radiology, Hospital Reina Sofía, Ctra Tarazona km 3, 31500 Tudela, Navarra, SpainSusana Solanas, Department of Radiology, Hospital Reina Sofía, Ctra Tarazona km 3, 31500 Tudela, Navarra, SpainNerea Yanguas, Department of Radiology, Hospital Reina Sofía, Ctra Tarazona km 3, 315...

Metal artefact reduction in gemstone spectral imaging dual-energy CT with and without metal artefact reduction software

European Radiology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:11:57 +0100

Conclusion Dual-energy CT with GSI-MARs can reduce metal-related artefacts and improve the delineation of the prosthesis and periprosthetic region. We should be cautious when using GSI-MARs because the image quality was affected by the prosthesis composition, energy (in keV) and DFOV. The metallic composition and size should be considered in metallic imaging with GSI-MARs reconstruction. Key Points • Metal-related artefacts can be troublesome on musculoskeletal computed tomography (CT). • Gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) with dual-energy CT (DECT) offers a novel solution • GSI and metallic artefact reduction software (GSI-MAR) can markedly reduce these artefacts. • However image quality is influenced by the prosthesis...

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor arising in an ileal duplication: report of a case

Surgery Today — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:11:08 +0100

Liver Function Testing with Nuclear Medicine Techniques Is Coming of Age

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 08:29:31 +0100

This article reviews current knowledge on liver function studies and focuses on those nuclear medicine tests available to study the whole liver and regional liver function. The clinical application driving these tests, prediction of remnant liver function after partial hepatectomy for primary liver malignancy or metastatic disease, is addressed here in detail. The test was recently validated for this specific application and was shown to be better than the current standard of practice (computed tomography volumetry), particularly in patients with hepatic comorbidities like cirrhosis, steatosis, or cholestasis. Furthermore, early assessment of regional liver function increase after preoperative portal vein embolization becomes possible with this technology. The limiting factor to a wider ac...

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Hemangiomas of the external auditory canal: a literature review and two new case reports

Central European Journal of Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:21:52 +0100

Conclusion: Cavernous hemangiomas are rare lesions of the external auditory canal. In the morphological diagnosis, computed tomography of the temporal bones is the leading diagnostic procedure, along with otoendoscopy and endocranial magnetic resonance imaging which are important in evaluation of the spread of the lesion. Biopsy of vascular lesions is not recommended. Complete surgical excision of hemangioma of the external auditory canal is the therapy of choice with a minor risk of hearing impairment. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-5DOI 10.2478/s11536-011-0144-8Authors Ljiljana Vlaški, Clinical center of Vojvodina, University ENT Clinic, Hajduk Veljkova 1, Novi Sad, 21000 SerbiaDragan Dankuc, Clinical center of Vojvodina, University ENT Clinic, Hajduk...

Computerized detection of lung nodules by CT for radiologic technologists in preliminary screening

Radiological Physics and Technology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:19:35 +0100

Abstract In Japan, radiologists and radiologic technologists are endeavoring to improve the quality of lung CT screening. In particular, preliminary screening by radiologic technologists is expected to decrease radiologists’ burden and improve the accuracy of CT screening. We considered that an application of computer-aided detection (CAD) would also be as useful in preliminary screening as in the radiologist’s regular reading. Our purpose in this study was to investigate the potential of the application of CAD to preliminary screening. CAD software that we developed was applied to 17 lung CT scans that radiologic technologists had pre-interpreted. A radiologist recognized 29 lung nodules from the CT images, whereas radiologic technologists did not recognize 11 of the ...

Imaging small human prostate cancer xenografts after pretargeting with bispecific bombesin-antibody complexes and targeting with high specific radioactivity labeled polymer-drug conjugates

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:19:30 +0100

Conclusion Pretargeting prostate cancer with Bom-bsCx or Bom-bsFCx enabled fast delivery of high specific radioactivity 111In- or 99mTc-labeled polymer-drug conjugates resulting in visualization of lesions smaller than 1–2 mm in diameter within 3 h. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-16DOI 10.1007/s00259-011-2050-3Authors Vishwesh Patil, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, School of Pharmacy, Mugar Bldg, Rm 205, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USAKeyur Gada, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, School of Pharmacy, Mugar Bldg, Rm 205, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USARajiv Panwar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, School of Phar...

Computer tomographic evaluation of talar edge configuration for osteochondral graft transplantation

Clinical Anatomy — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractTo successfully surgically reconstruct osteochondral lesions of the talus, the exact three‐dimensional (3D) configuration of the upper articular surface of the talus has to be respected. We assessed the talar geometry by measuring the coronal and sagittal talar edge radius and the frontal talar profile in multiplanar reconstructions of computer tomographic (CT) studies of 79 patients (83 feet) with a healthy ankle joint. An image visualization software designated for coordinate measurement was used to perform the measurement. In the coronal plane, the mean lateral talar edge radius was 4.0 mm and the medial 4.5 mm. In the sagittal planes the mean lateral talar edge radius was 20.3 mm, the radius of the sulcus 20.7 mm and the medial talar edge radius 20.4 mm. The talus showed a co...

[Special Series on Neuroscience in Disease and Health] Midlife Psychological Distress Associated With Late-Life Brain Atrophy and White Matter Lesions: A 32-Year Population Study of Women

Psychosomatic Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Long-standing psychological distress in midlife increases risks of cerebral atrophy and WMLs on CT in late life. More studies are needed to confirm these findings and to determine potential neurobiological mechanisms of these associations. (Source: Psychosomatic Medicine)

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An in vivo investigation of the initiation and progression of subchondral cysts in a rodent model of secondary osteoarthritis

Arthritis Research and Therapy — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study provides insight into the mechanisms leading to SBC formation in knee OA. The expansion of these lesions is due to stress-induced bone resorption from the incurred mechanical instability. Therefore we suggest these lesions can be more accurately described as a form of OA-induced osteonecrosis, rather than 'subchondral cysts'. (Source: Arthritis Research and Therapy)

Low free testosterone in HIV‐infected men is not associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease

HIV Medicine — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 22:44:50 +0100

ConclusionsCompared with HIV‐uninfected men, HIV‐infected men had lower FT, as well as more prevalent carotid lesions. In both groups, FT was not associated with CAC presence, log carotid IMT, or carotid lesion presence, suggesting that FT does not influence subclinical CVD in this population of men with and at risk for HIV infection. (Source: HIV Medicine)

Localization of a Peripheral Residual Cyst: Diagnostic Role of CT Scan

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:35:24 +0100

The term residual cyst is used most often for retained radicular cyst from teeth that has been removed. Residual cysts are among most common cysts of the jaws. The location of all odontogenic cysts is usually intraosseous. The peripheral (extraosseous) presentations are rare. The peripheral presentation of residual cyst has never been reported in the literature. In this article, the role of CT in diagnosing an unusual peripheral presentation of a residual cyst is discussed. (Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences)

Risk Factors Associated with Coronary Artery Calcification Should Be Examined before Kidney Transplantation.

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:24:02 +0100

In conclusion, the examination and prevention of risk factors associated with atherosclerosis should be started at the beginning of renal failure. PMID: 22293651 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine)

Lodox/Statscan facilitates the early detection of commonly overlooked extracranial injuries in patients with traumatic brain injury

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:16:54 +0100

Conclusion The Lodox/Statscan can provide benefits for surveying extracranial injuries in patients with diminished level of consciousness. The Lodox/Statscan also emits a notably low dose of radiation and appears to be a relatively inexpensive adjunct to screen torso or extremity injuries in TBI patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00068-012-0176-zAuthors H.-C. Huang, Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, 404 Taiwan, ROCC.-Y. Fu, Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, 404 Taiwan, ROCC.-H. Hsieh, Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, 404 Taiwan, ROCY.-...

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Paradoxical air embolism following contrast material injection through power injectors in patients with a patent foramen ovale

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:16:47 +0100

Abstract In patients with a patent foramen ovale, use of air filters during intravenous infusions is common, but they are not compatible with power injection. Therefore we aimed to assess the incidence of paradoxical air embolism on CT of the chest and brain following contrast material injection through a power injector in patients with a patent foramen ovale, without the use of a filter. In this IRB approved, HIPAA compliant retrospective study, two independent radiologists reviewed 289 CT scans of the chest (n = 233) and brain (n = 56) for vascular air embolism following contrast material injection through a power injector in 93 subjects (43 men, mean age 66 y) with a known patent foramen ovale. The location and amount of the air were assessed. The me...

Endotracheal metastasis from basaloid squamous carcinoma of the esophagus

Esophagus — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:15:46 +0100

We describe a rare case of metachronous endotracheal metastasis originating from esophageal basaloid squamous carcinoma. A 72-year-old Japanese man underwent esophagectomy for stage I esophageal cancer. Pathological diagnosis of the resected specimen was basaloid squamous carcinoma. One year later, a follow-up computed tomography scan displayed a tumor shadow in the tracheal wall. Bronchoscopy revealed a protruding tumor in the tracheal wall, and the pathologic diagnosis of the biopsy specimen was also basaloid squamous carcinoma. According to the diagnosis of metachronous endobronchial metastasis from esophageal basaloid squamous carcinoma, we treated the patient with chemotherapy comprising docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil followed by chemoradiotherapy, and complete respons...

Detection and localization of post-operative and post-traumatic bile leak: hybrid SPECT-CT with 99mTc-Mebrofenin

Abdominal Imaging — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:12:44 +0100

Conclusion 99mTc-Mebrofenin hybrid SPECT-CT is highly sensitive and specific for detection and localisation of post-operative and post-traumatic bile leak. It is more accurate than planar HBS and should be routinely done in such patients. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00261-011-9840-8Authors Punit Sharma, Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, E-81, Ansari Nagar (East), AIIMS Campus, New Delhi, 110029 IndiaRakesh Kumar, Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, E-81, Ansari Nagar (East), AIIMS Campus, New Delhi, 110029 IndiaKalpa Jyoti Das, Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, E-81, Ansari Nagar (East), AIIMS Campus, New Delhi, 110029 IndiaHarmande...

Are CT Scans For Dizziness In ER Cost-Effective?

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:00:00 +0100

Henry Ford Hospital researchers have found that conducting CT scans in the emergency department (ED) for individuals experiencing dizziness may not be cost effective. The researchers discovered that less than 1% of CT scans carried out in the ED showed a more serious underlying cause for dizziness (stroke or intracranial bleeding), which required intervention. The finding comes at a time when hospitals across the nation seek ways to reduce costs without sacrificing patient care... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

The use of cone‐beam computed tomography and virtual reality simulation for pre‐surgical practice in endodontic microsurgery

International Endodontic Journal — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 16:27:51 +0100

Conclusions Pre‐surgical practice in a virtual environment using the 3D computerized model generated from the original CBCT image data improved endodontic microsurgery performance. (Source: International Endodontic Journal)

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Stent in the Heart

Journal of the American College of Cardiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 13:55:34 +0100

A 56-year-old man who was admitted with acute myocardial infarction developed severe heart failure following stent placement in the left anterior descending artery. Ventricular septal perforation (VSP) was diagnosed. Conventional septal closure was considered high risk due to severe heart and multiple organ failure. We decided to place a stent graft in the left ventricle to exclude the VSP (A and B). The stent was placed retrograde from the ascending aorta through the aortic valve into the left ventricle, and the tip was stabilized to the apex. After stent placement, right ventricular free-wall bulging decreased markedly. Cardiac catheterization showed reduction of shunting to 20%. Three years after the procedure, no increase in shunting was observed. Chest radiograph and computed tomograp...

The relation between zoledronic acid infusion and interbody fusion in patients undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery

Acta Neurochirurgica — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 06:55:58 +0100

Conclusions There was no association between ZOL treatment and nonunion of the lumbar spinal bone. Thus, undergoing lumbar interbody fusion surgery is not a valid reason to suspend or avoid treatment with ZOL. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00701-012-1283-7Authors Chao Li, Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaHui-Ren Wang, Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaXi-Lei Li, Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaXiao-Gang Zhou, Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaJian Dong, Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ...

Accuracy of transrectal ultrasound after preoperative radiochemotherapy compared to computed tomography and magnetic resonance in locally advanced rectal cancer

International Journal of Colorectal Disease — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 06:54:29 +0100

Conclusions Transrectal ultrasonography resulted as the most accurate method to determine neoplastic wall infiltration and lymph node involvement even after radiochemotherapy. In most cases, considering the poor correlation between the diagnostic procedures and the disagreement of the results, a restaging performed only with TRUS could be proposed, limiting the use of the other imaging methods to selected cases. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00384-012-1419-5Authors Jacopo Martellucci, Surgical Department, University of Siena, Siena, ItalyM. Scheiterle, Surgical Department, University of Siena, Siena, ItalyB. Lorenzi, Surgical Department, University of Siena, Siena, ItalyF. Roviello, Surgical Department, University of Sie...

Mandibular distraction in neonates: indications, technique, results

Italian Journal of Pediatrics — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis is a good solution in solving respiratory distress when other procedures are failed in paediatric patients with severe micrognatia. (Source: Italian Journal of Pediatrics)

Relationship Between Proximal Femoral and Acetabular Alignment in Normal Hip Joints Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography

The American Journal of Sports Medicine — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a correlation exists between multiple proximal femoral and acetabular angles in normal hip joints. These findings support the hypothesis that a complementary developmental relationship occurs between the femoral head and acetabulum. Clinical Relevance: The results of this study suggest that, in some patients, what is thought to be pathological acetabular retroversion may actually be normal anatomy with a compensated femoral version. Investigating the relationship between these angles in patients with the signs and symptoms of pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement may alter a surgeon’s approach to this patient population. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)

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The association of rate pressure product (RPP) and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) findings: a preliminary study.

Perfusion — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. The study demonstrated that RPP is associated with MPI findings using gated SPECT imaging with dipyridamole stress. However, to confirm this preliminary result, further studies are mandatory. PMID: 22301391 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Perfusion)

Evaluation of active breathing control-moderate deep inspiration breath-hold in definitive non-small cell lung cancer radiotherapy.

Neoplasma — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sager O, Beyzadeoglu M, Dincoglan F, Oysul K, Kahya YE, Gamsiz H, Uysal B, Demiral S, Dirican B, Surenkok S Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of Active Breathing Control-moderate deep inspiration breath-hold (ABC-mDIBH) on tumor motion and critical organ doses in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) radiotherapy. 23 patients with locally advanced NSCLC were included in the study. All patients were scanned at free breathing and ABC-mDIBH for radiation treatment planning. 3 separate treatment plans were generated for each patient including one plan with ABC-mDIBH and uniform margins, one plan with free breathing and uniform margins, and one plan with free breathing and 3-dimensional non-uniform margins determined by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBC...

Small Renal Oncocytomas

Kidney Cancer Association — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 04:22:12 +0100

To evaluate characteristic imaging findings of tumor attenuation in multiphase computed tomography (CT) between renal oncocytomas and clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) of small tumor size ( (Source: Kidney Cancer Association)

Computed Tomography Scans Before Surgery for Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 20:44:09 +0100

Thyroid Feb 2012, Vol. 22, No. 2: 112-112. (Source: Thyroid)

Bone mineral density by DXA and HR pQCT can discriminate fracture status in men and women with stages 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease

Osteoporosis International — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:14:09 +0100

Conclusions Among CKD patients not yet requiring renal replacement therapy, BMD by DXA is able to discriminate fracture status. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00198-012-1908-yAuthors S. A. Jamal, Women’s College Research Institute, 790 Bay Street, Suite 725, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, CanadaA. M. Cheung, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaS. L. West, Women’s College Research Institute, 790 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, CanadaC. E. Lok, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Journal Osteoporosis InternationalOnline ISSN 1433-2965Print ISSN 0937-941X (Source: Osteoporosis International)

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Sinus Imaging for Diagnosis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:13:09 +0100

Abstract Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a relatively common disease in children but is often overlooked because at times the clinical symptoms are subtle and nonspecific. This makes imaging very important in the diagnosis. Among the different techniques, plain radiography has limited utility, whereas CT scan and MRI have a major role in evaluating the modifications caused by the disease. In particular, a CT scan provides higher resolution of bone and soft tissue and removes the overlapping structures that are present in conventional radiography. CT is recommended in isolated sphenoid sinusitis, is essential in diagnosing fungal sinusitis, and is the technique of choice when orbital complications are suspected. MRI allows investigation of not only the morphology of structu...

Non-invasive visualisation and volume estimation of maggot masses using computed tomography scanning

International Journal of Legal Medicine — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:11:56 +0100

This study examined the development of a non-invasive means for measuring mass volume using computed tomography (CT) scanning. It was found that CT can be used to visualise and measure the volume of maggot masses, and a series of rules for doing so were established. The level of agreement between mass measurements made by four ‘judges’ using CT volumetric analysis tools produced excellent reliability (ICC > 0.95). This high level of reliability was maintained when applied to masses of different sizes in experimental cups of meat and natural masses of mixed species on human bodies. Entomological features of mortuary CT scans are now routinely reported in forensic entomology casework in Victoria, Australia, as a result of our work. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Origi...

Thyroid medical scans use radioactive dye, now linked to permanent thyroid damage

NaturalNews.com — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 06:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews)Cardiac computed tomography (CT) and other medical scans sometimes involve injecting a radioactive iodide dye into the bloodstreams of patients in order to highlight the produced images. But a new study published in the journal Archives of Internal Medicine has revealed... (Source: NaturalNews.com)

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver tumours using flattening filter free beam: dosimetric and technical considerations.

Radiation Oncology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Purpose: To report the initial institute experience in terms of dosimetric and technical aspects in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) delivered using flattening filter free (FFF) beam in patients with liver lesions.Methods and Materials: From October 2010 to September 2011, 55 consecutive patients with 73 primary or metastatic hepatic lesions were treated with SBRT on TrueBeam using FFF beam and RapidArc technique. Clinical target volume (CTV) was defined on multi-phase CT scans, PET/CT, MRI, and 4D-CT. Dose prescription was 75Gy in 3 fractions to planning target volume (PTV). Constraints for organs at risk were: 700 cc of liver free from the 15Gy isodose, Dmax (Source: Radiation Oncology)

Will a crushed concha bullosa form again?

The Laryngoscope — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:The CB crushing technique is an easy, conservative treatment modality. As the CB does not appear to reform after crushing, this technique can be considered a definitive treatment. Nevertheless, these patients should be followed for the long term. (Source: The Laryngoscope)

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Computational fluid dynamics for investigation of saliva pressure in parotid obstruction

The Laryngoscope — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:CT sialography was effectively used for analysis of the intraductal pressure distribution in patients with parotid obstruction. Analysis of salivary fluid dynamics in the Stensen's duct may provide a further pathophysiological mechanism for obstructive diseases. (Source: The Laryngoscope)

Intravenous thrombolysis in ischemic stroke patients with isolated homonymous hemianopia

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsOur experience encourages application of intravenous thrombolytic treatment (especially when supported with multimodality neuroimaging) in patients with homonymous hemianopia, for which rehabilitation options are limited. (Source: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica)

Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after stroke thrombolysis: The SEDAN score

Annals of Neurology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a score for assessing risk for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in ischemic stroke patients treated with iv thrombolysis.MethodsThe derivation cohort comprised 974 ischemic stroke patients treated (1995‐2008) with iv thrombolysis at the Helsinki University Central Hospital. The predictive value of parameters associated with sICH (ECASS‐II criteria) was evaluated, and we developed our score according to the magnitude of logistic regression coefficients. We calculated absolute risks and likelihood ratios of sICH per increasing score‐points. The score was validated in 828 patients from three Swiss cohorts (Lausanne, Basel, and Geneva). Performance of the score was tested with area under a ROC curve (AUC‐ROC).ResultsOur SEDAN score (0 to 6 points) ...

The invention of an iliosacral screw fixation guide and its preliminary clinical application

Orthopaedic Surgery — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The minimally invasive guide can eliminate discrepancies resulting from the surgeon's own sensory input when inserting screws under the guidance of CT, making percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation more accurate, safe and simple. (Source: Orthopaedic Surgery)

Prevalence of Anatomic Impediments to Interlaminar Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injection

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Anatomic impediments to interlaminar LESI were common in this community-based population, particularly at the L5-S1 spinal level. Because of the high overall prevalence of anatomic impediments, and differences in prevalence by spinal level, knowledge of the distribution and frequency of these impediments may aid in aspects of decision-making for the interventional spine physician. (Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)

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Med Sci Monit 2012; 18(2):CR88-92 "Thermal ablation of unresectable liver tumors: Factors associated with partial ablation and the impact on long-term survival"

Medical Science Monitor — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We conclude that achievement of complete ablation is a highly important predictor of long-term survival and that tumor size is by far the most important predictor of the likelihood of achieving complete ablation. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

Med Sci Monit 2012; 18(2):CR112-118 "Head and neck cancer: Value of perfusion CT in depicting primary tumor spread"

Medical Science Monitor — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: CTP shows promise in depicting malignant infiltration. The combined use of CECT plus CTP results in correct staging of the majority of head and neck tumors. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

Lung aeration changes after lung recruitment in children with acute lung injury: A feasibility study

Pediatric Pulmonology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsLung recruitment results in improved lung aeration as detected by lung tomography. This is accompanied by improvements in oxygenation and ventilation. However, the clinical significance of these findings is uncertain. Transporting patients in early ALI to the CT‐scanner seems safe and feasible. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Pulmonology)

Giant, Metachronous Bilateral Dorsalis Pedis Artery True Aneurysms

Annals of Vascular Surgery — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This report is the first to describe the clinical, radiographic, operative, and pathologic findings associated with large, bilateral dorsalis pedis artery true aneurysms in a single patient. A 61-year-old African American woman complained of difficulty in wearing shoes. She had a moderately firm, nontender, pulsatile mass on the dorsum of her right foot. Computed tomography and angiography confirmed dorsalis pedis artery aneurysm with sufficient collateralization. She underwent resection without reconstruction. Pathologic analysis revealed a true aneurysm (8 × 5.3 × 4.1 cm3) containing intralumenal thrombus. Treatment for small symptomatic and large dorsalis pedis artery aneurysms remains resection with or without reconstruction. (Source: Annals of Vascular Surgery)

Clostridium septicum Aortitis With Associated Sigmoid Colon Adenocarcinoma

Annals of Vascular Surgery — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report an unusual case of Clostridium septicum aortitis with associated adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon. An 87-year-old man with multiple medical comorbidities presented with a 1-week history of severe abdominal pain in the left lower quadrant of his abdomen. Abdominal computed tomography showed, in addition to a mass in the sigmoid colon, a gas density within the wall of the abdominal aorta with extensive periaortic fat stranding and some additional gas densities in the proximal left common iliac artery. The patient refused surgery, and was treated with intravenous antibiotics. He died 5 weeks later. The development of Clostridium septicum aortitis, an extremely rare but life-threatening infection, is highly associated with an underlying colonic malignancy and demands immediate sur...

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Clotrimazole and enilconazole distribution within the frontal sinuses and nasal cavity of nine dogs with sinonasal aspergillosis

The Journal of Small Animal Practice — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to describe the distribution and retention of enilconazole and clotrimazole solutions using a temporary trephination protocol.Methods: Nine client‐owned dogs diagnosed with mycotic rhinosinusitis between March 2008 and December 2009 were prospectively enrolled and were sequentially allocated to receive treatment with either clotrimazole (1% in polyethylene glycol) or enilconazole (10% solution), after imaging and rhinoscopic assessment. Both frontal sinuses were trephined, debrided and flushed with saline. Infusion was administered via frontal sinuses with dogs in sternal recumbency and computed tomography (CT) performed 5 minutes after completion. Distribution was scored 1 to 4 at the canine tooth, premolar 4, cribriform plate and frontal sinus on both si...

NMF-SVM Based CAD Tool Applied to Functional Brain Images for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

IEE Transactions on Medical Imaging — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This paper presents a novel computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technique for the early diagnosis of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and support vector machines (SVM) with bounds of confidence. The CAD tool is designed for the study and classification of functional brain images. For this purpose, two different brain image databases are selected: a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) database and positron emission tomography (PET) images, both of them containing data for both Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and healthy controls as a reference. These databases are analyzed by applying the Fisher discriminant ratio (FDR) and nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) for feature selection and extraction of the most relevant features. The re...

Pseudotumoral form of neuroschistosomiasis: report of three cases in ganzi, china.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wan H, Masataka H, Zhang LP, Zheng DF Abstract Abstract. The authors report three rare cases of neuroschistosomiasis lacking extracranial involvement. No parasitic eggs were detected in the stool with the Kato-Katz thick smear methods. Computed tomography of the brains showed hypodense signals, and magnetic resonance imaging showed isointense signals on T1-weighted images, hyperintense signals on T2-weighted images, and intensely enhancing nodules in the brain after intravenous administration of gadolinium. High-grade gliomas were suspected, and operations or radiosurgery was performed. Cerebral schistosomiasis was confirmed in all cases by biopsy of the brain lesions, revealing granulomas containing embedded Schistosoma japonicum eggs. All cases were definitively diagnose...

Prevalence of anatomic impediments to interlaminar lumbar epidural steroid injection.

Pain Physician — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Anatomic impediments to interlaminar LESI were common in this community-based population, particularly at the L5-S1 spinal level. Because of the high overall prevalence of anatomic impediments, and differences in prevalence by spinal level, knowledge of the distribution and frequency of these impediments may aid in aspects of decision-making for the interventional spine physician. PMID: 22289247 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pain Physician)

PHANTOM‐S: the prehospital acute neurological therapy and optimization of medical care in stroke patients – study

International Journal of Stroke — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

RationaleTime from symptom onset to treatment is closely associated with the effectiveness of intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients. Hospitals are encouraged to take every effort to shorten delay of treatment. Despite combined efforts to streamline procedures in hospitals to provide treatment as soon as possible, most patients receive tissue plasminogen activator with considerable delay and very few of them within 90 mins. Germany has an internationally acknowledged prehospital emergency care system with specially trained doctors on ambulances. We developed an ambulance equipped with a Computed Tomography (CT) scanner, point‐of‐care laboratory, teleradiological support, and an emergency‐trained neurologist on board. In the Pre‐Hospital Acute Neurological Ther...

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Biliary Papillomatosis and New Ultrasound Imaging Modalities.

Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cui XW, Ignee A, Braden B, Woenckhaus M, Dietrich CF Abstract Biliary papillomatosis (BP) is a rare disorder of the biliary tract with a significant risk of malignant transformation and a high recurrence rate after operation due to the diffuse distribution of the disease. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult also by reason of the low sensitivity and specificity of conventional ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and positron emission tomography (PET). Therefore, the introduction of new diagnostic imaging methods is of importance to improve the preoperative diagnosis of this originally as benign described disease which is reflected in the term of "benign papillomatosis of the biliary tree". ...

[Segmental Necrotizing Colitis in a Patient with E. coli O104:H4 Infection.]

Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Scheppach W, Reißmann N, Breunig E, Konwisorz A, Schwarz TF, Müller JG, Tappe D Abstract A 29-year-old man presented with abdominal cramps and bloody diarrhoea. Blood tests revealed elevated C-reactive protein (21.3 mg/dL; normal range 0.01 - 0. 82 mg/dL) and white blood cells (28 200 /μL, normal range 4000 - 10 000 /μL). Stool tests were negative for enteropathogenic bacteria and Clostridium difficile toxins A/B. Ultrasound and computed tomography showed massive swelling of the transverse colon and right colonic flexure. At endoscopy, circular necrosis of the mucosa was encountered in the proximal segments of the colon whereas distal parts of the organ showed patchy inflammation of minor severity. Extended stool testing identified Escherichia coli type O10...

Acquired Hemophilia A in a Patient with Essential Thrombocythemia.

Acta Haematologica — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mori N, Totsuka K, Ishimori N, Yoshinaga K, Teramura M, Noguchi S, Oda H, Motoji T Abstract A 69-year-old woman with essential thrombocythemia (ET) developed giant ecchymosis, and she was admitted to hospital. Marked anemia (Hb 8.1 g/dl) accompanied by a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (89.6 s) was observed, and she received red blood cells (RBC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). On day 2 after admission, consciousness disturbance suddenly occurred, whereas computed tomography of the brain showed no evidence of bleeding. As the ecchymosis progressed, she developed shock. Although RBC and FFP transfusions were administered, she developed multi-organ failure and died 48 h after admission. Low factor VIII activity (<1%) accompanied by factor VIII inhibitor (17...

Giant urethral diverticulum calculus presenting as scrotal abscess.

Hong Kong Med J — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report herein a patient with a urethral calculus associated with urethral diverticulum. A 39-year-old man presented with scrotal swelling and acute retention of urine. Computed tomography of the pelvis and cystoscopy demonstrated a giant calculus in the proximal penile urethra. Emergency in-situ lithotripsy was performed. Complete stone clearance was achieved and a large urethral diverticulum was encountered. The rare occurrence of urethral diverticulum and associated stone disease were discussed. PMID: 22302916 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Hong Kong Med J)

Acute ischaemic stroke during short-term travel to high altitude.

Hong Kong Med J — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chan T, Wong WW, Chan JK, Ma JK, Mak HK Abstract This is a case report of a young healthy adult who had acute cerebral infarcts after a short-term visit to high-altitude area. He developed acute onset of right-sided limb weakness and right hemianopia a few hours after arrival at an altitude of 3600 m by train. He was initially treated for high-altitude cerebral oedema but later computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed ischaemic infarcts in the medial left occipital lobe and left thalamus. Subsequent investigations, including laboratory tests and imaging including an echocardiogram, revealed no culpable predisposing factors. PMID: 22302915 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Hong Kong Med J)

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Prognostic Value of Coronary CT Angiography

Cardiology Clinics — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a highly accurate noninvasive test that is increasingly used in symptomatic patients primarily for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Beyond its proven accuracy, data have now clearly demonstrated the incremental prognostic information available from coronary CTA related to the presence, extent, and severity of obstructive and nonobstructive CAD across a variety of clinical settings and patient populations. Current evidence supports the use of coronary CTA not only for the diagnosis of CAD in appropriately selected symptomatic patients but also to further refine their cardiovascular risk assessment following testing. (Source: Cardiology Clinics)

Cardiac CT in the Emergency Department

Cardiology Clinics — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Current triage strategies are not effective in correctly identifying patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The diagnostic workup of patients presenting with acute chest pain continues to represent a major challenge for emergency department (ED) personnel. This statement holds especially true for patients with a low to intermediate likelihood for ACS. Taking current concepts for the diagnosis and management of patients presenting with acute chest pain to the ED into account, this article discusses the evidence and potential role of coronary computed tomography angiography to improve management of patients with possible ACS. (Source: Cardiology Clinics)

Rebalancing the major trauma computed tomography pan‐scan between panacea and Pandora's Box

Emergency Medicine Australasia — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Emergency Medicine Australasia)

Selective versus mandatory whole‐body computed tomography scanning in the multiply injured patient

Emergency Medicine Australasia — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Emergency Medicine Australasia)

Radiological evaluation of adrenal incidentalomas – Current methods and future prospects

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Incidental adrenal lesions are very common. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) all have a role to play in characterizing adrenal lesions. The purpose of this review is to discuss the rationale behind both established and emerging imaging techniques. We also discuss how to follow up incidentally found lesions. (Source: Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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Thyroid incidentaloma

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

is defined as an unsuspected, asymptomatic thyroid lesion that is discovered on an imaging study or during an operation unrelated to the thyroid gland. Thyroid incidentalomas are most commonly detected on ultrasound, followed in frequency by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), carotid duplex scanning and 2-18[F] fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). The incidence of carcinoma in incidentally discovered thyroid disease is not insignificant. There are significant shortcomings of CT, MRI and PET imaging of the thyroid gland. As result, a thorough sonographic evaluation of the thyroid gland should be performed in all patients with a thyroid incidentaloma, regardless of the radiographic features identified on the “non thyroid “imaging...

New Data Will Shed Light on Cancer Risk From ImagingNew Data Will Shed Light on Cancer Risk From Imaging

Medscape Today Headlines — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 23:10:24 +0100

Ongoing epidemiological studies in children who have undergone CT scans should help provide a better understanding of radiation-associated cancer risks from cardiac imaging over the next few years. Heartwire (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

New data will shed light on cancer risk from imaging

theHeart.org — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 18:00:29 +0100

Segmentation and quantification of intra-ventricular/cerebral hemorrhage in CT scans by modified distance regularized level set evolution technique

International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:47:02 +0100

Conclusions The MDRLSE improved the accuracy and speed for segmentation and calculation of the hemorrhage volume compared to the original DRLSE method. The method generates quantitative information, which is useful for specific decision making and reduces the time needed for the clinicians to localize and segment the hemorrhagic regions. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-14DOI 10.1007/s11548-012-0670-0Authors K. N. Bhanu Prakash, Biomedical Imaging Lab, SBIC, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, #07-01, Matrix, 30, Biopolis Road, Singapore, 138671 SingaporeShi Zhou, Biomedical Imaging Lab, SBIC, Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, #07-01, Matrix, 30, Biopolis Road, Singapore, 138671 SingaporeTim C. Morg...

Evaluation of femoral head coverage following Chiari pelvic osteotomy in adolescents by three-dimensional computed tomography and conventional radiography

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:47:00 +0100

Conclusion Conventional radiographs may show sufficient cover of the femoral head after Chiari osteotomy, whereas in fact, the cover may be not perfect, especially on the anterolateral part. Therefore, the postoperative 3D-CT is beneficial for evaluating the outcome of Chiari osteotomy, especially when the anterolateral coverage of femoral head is significantly insufficient preoperatively. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Orthopaedic SurgeryPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00402-012-1464-0Authors LianYong Li, Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning, ChinaJingYu Jia, Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning, ChinaQun Zhao, Departm...

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Pulmonary Vein Atresia with Severe Contralateral Pulmonary Vein Stenosis in a Child

Pediatric Cardiology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:45:46 +0100

We present an infant who died due to unilateral right-sided pulmonary vein atresia in conjunction with severe contralateral pulmonary vein stenosis who was diagnosed with the assistance of cardiac computed tomography scanning. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Images in Pediatric CardiologyPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s00246-012-0178-yAuthors Jeffrey E. Vergales, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USAShawn C. West, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USAAndrew W. Hoyer, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA Journal Pediatric Cardiol...

Grisel’s syndrome: a comprehensive review with focus on pathogenesis, natural history, and current treatment options

Child's Nervous System — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:45:16 +0100

Conclusion GS remains a rare, but potentially lethal children condition. Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial to its management and prognosis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review PaperPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00381-012-1706-zAuthors Stephen Osiro, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St. George’s University, Grenada West IndiesKevin J. Tiwari, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St. George’s University, Grenada West IndiesPetru Matusz, Department of Anatomy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, RomaniaJerzy Gielecki, Department of Anatomy, Medical School Varmia and Mazuria, Olsztyn, PolandR. Shane Tubbs, Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, AL, USAMarios Loukas, Department...

Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in a Case with Biliary Microhamartomas

International Journal of Photoenergy — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100

Biliary microhamartomas, also known as bile duct hamartomas and von Meyenburg complexes, are benign neoplasms containing cystic dilated bile ducts embedded in fibrous stroma. They develop in hepatobiliary system, do not generally give clinical outcomes, and are detected incidentally. However, they can rarely show malignant transformation. Our aim was to report the contribution of computed tomography, routine magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of biliary microhamartomas in a 61-year-old woman. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy)

Differential diagnosis between benign and malignant ulcers: 320-row CT virtual gastroscopy

Abdominal Imaging — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:09:49 +0100

Conclusion CT virtual gastroscopy improves the identification of GUs and allows differentiating benign from malignant forms. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00261-012-9849-7Authors Marco Moschetta, D.I.M. - Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Radiology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Casare 11, Bari, ItalyArnaldo Scardapane, D.I.M. - Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Radiology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Casare 11, Bari, ItalyMichele Telegrafo, D.I.M. - Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Radiology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Casare 11, Bari, ItalyValentina Lorusso, D.I.M. - Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Radiology, U...

Takayasu arteritis as a cause of arterial hypertension. Case report and literature review

European Journal of Pediatrics — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:06:39 +0100

Conclusion: The rarity of the disorder and the heterogeneous nature of its clinical manifestation predispose to a late diagnosis and delayed treatment. Our report highlights the fact that the condition can and does occur in a pediatric population in Europe and hence must be considered in patients presenting with suggestive symptoms and signs, especially in young patients with unexplained hypertension. Clinical suspicion and proper imaging are crucial for the correct diagnosis and management of patients with TA. A brief review of literature completes this report. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00431-012-1674-zAuthors Elżbieta Sadurska, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 2, 20-093 Lublin, PolandRen...

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Structure–Activity Relationship and Preclinical Evaluation of Carbon-11-Labeled Ammonium Salts as PET–Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Agents

Molecular Imaging and Biology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:06:07 +0100

Conclusions SAR studies of 11C-labeled ammonium salts suggest that both lipophilicity and charge density affect the performance of these compounds as MPI probes. In a swine model, the labeled lead successfully visualized the defect regions in the myocardium. The data presented call for the development of fluorine-18 analogues, to increase clinical impact. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Research ArticlePages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s11307-011-0539-6Authors Ohad Ilovich, Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit/Nuclear Medicine Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, 91120 IsraelGalith Abourbeh, Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit/Nuclear Medicine Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, 91120 IsraelMoshe Bocher, Department of Medical Biophysics an...

The pediatric cervical spine instability study

Child's Nervous System — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:04:21 +0100

Conclusions There was a low prevalence of cervical instability in this high-risk group. Plain radiographs, flexion–extension radiographs, and CT all had high sensitivities and specificities. MR imaging had a high false-positive rate, making it sensitive but not specific. The data support using either CT or plain radiographs as the initial cervical spine screening study, but CT is recommended because of its superior ability to detect critical injuries. To definitively rule out ligamentous instability after a negative screening CT scan or cervical spine X-ray, these data support using flexion–extension X-rays with fluoroscopy and not MR imaging. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00381-012-1696-xAuthors Douglas L. Brockmeyer...

Narrow safety range of intraoperative rectal irradiation exposure volume for avoiding bleeding after seed implant brachytherapy

Radiation Oncology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: By retrospective analysis exploring rV100 as intraoperative rectal dose-volume thresholds in 125I seed implant brachytherapy for prostate cancer, it is proved that rV100 should be less than 0.1 cc for preventing rectal bleeding. (Source: Radiation Oncology)

Cephalometric analysis for microvascular head and neck reconstruction

Head and Neck — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionWhen premorbid craniofacial anatomy cannot be discerned in the setting of extensive trauma or tumor involvement, normative dimensions may be a helpful guide for flap design and should be in the armamentarium of surgeons engaged in complex head and heck reconstruction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of cholesteatoma with labyrinthine fistulae

The Laryngoscope — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:SIR was more strongly correlated than CT findings to the clinical status of patients with labyrinthine fistulae caused by cholesteatoma. Adhesion of the cholesteatoma matrix to the membranous labyrinth correlated with the SIR; thus, SIR may accurately reflect the extent of inner ear dysfunction with a labyrinthine fistula. (Source: The Laryngoscope)

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High‐resolution ZTE imaging of human teeth

NMR in Biomedicine — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

MRI with zero echo time (ZTE) is achieved by 3D radial centre‐out encoding and hard‐pulse RF excitation while the projection gradient is already on. Targeting short‐T2 samples, the efficient, robust and silent ZTE approach was implemented for high‐bandwidth high‐resolution imaging requiring particularly rapid transmit‐receive switching and algebraic image reconstruction. The ZTE technique was applied to image extracted human teeth at 11.7T field strength, yielding detailed depictions with very good delineation of the mineralised dentine and enamel layers. ZTE results are compared with UTE (ultra‐short echo time) MRI and micro‐computed tomography (μCT), revealing significant differences in SNR and CNR yields. Compared to μCT, ZTE MRI appears to be less susceptible to artef...

Solid Pseudopapillary Tumors of the Pancreas: Contrast-Enhanced Sonographic Features

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions— Solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas have characteristic findings on contrast-enhanced sonography, including peripheral rim isoenhancement and internal heterogeneous enhancement with nonenhanced portions; these features may help differentiate solid pseudopapillary tumors from other pancreatic neoplasms. (Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine)

Common Sonographic Findings in the Painful Hip After Hip Arthroplasty

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Diagnosing the cause of hip pain in patients with hip arthroplasty can be challenging because of the numerous possible causes of pain and artifacts caused by the prosthetic components on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Sonography plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of these patients because the soft tissues surrounding the prosthetic joint are not obscured by artifacts and because sonography enables hands-on examination of the painful site, dynamic evaluation of moving structures, and comparison with the opposite side. Another advantage of sonography is the ability to perform sonographically guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In this pictorial essay, we highlight commonly encountered sonographic findings in patients with hip pain after hip...

Aortic Annulus Diameter Measurement: What Is the Best Modality?

Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We conclude that the aortic annulus diameter, measured by multidetector computed tomography, is the best modality to measure the aortic annulus diameter. PMID: 22293314 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)

Atypically Located Pericardial Cyst in a Patient Who Underwent Off-pump Myocardial Revascularization.

Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We present a case of an atypically located pericardial cyst in a patient who underwent myocardial revascularization. A 61-year-old man with acute myocardial infarction was scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Preoperative chest computed tomography revealed a homogenous cystic lesion in the superior mediastinum. The mass was located between the ascending aorta, the superior vena cava, and the left innominate vein. It was growing to the anterior of the aorta and to the right anterior paratracheal area. The density of the mass was close to that of water; thus, the contrast medium failed to enhance its visualization. A concomitant resection of the mass and the CABG was scheduled. After a medial sternotomy and bypass graft harvest, a median pericardectomy was performed. The sur...

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Fibulin-5 Protein Is Reduced in the Lung of Patients with Spontaneous Pneumothorax Who Are Under 25 Years Old.

Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We showed that fibulin-5 is reduced in patients with PSP who are younger than 25 years. PMID: 22293309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)

Miliary Tuberculosis Complicated by Pulmonary Cavitations and Pneumothorax in a 14-Month Old Boy.

Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report a case of a 14-month-old boy with miliary tuberculosis and recurrent pneumothorax due to cavities in the left lung. This boy had no previous medical history and was referred to our hospital for a severe pneumonia. Initial chest radiograph showed bilateral miliary pattern. Direct microscopy of gastric lavage showed the presence of tubercle bacilli, providing definitive diagnosis. In spite of effective medication, his status rapidly worsened. A cardiac resuscitation was followed by intubation, and he required high-pressure ventilation for four weeks. He developed left pneumothorax, for which several drainages were performed. Computed tomography revealed a huge cavern system involving the entire lingula and surrounded by the left pneumothorax. Eventually, a massive enlargement of th...

Right Atrial Anatomical Remodeling Affects Early Outcomes of Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation After Radiofrequency Ablation.

Circulation Journal — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: RA anatomical remodeling might affect the early recurrence of AF after RFA. However, the chronicity of AF, rather than RA and LA anatomical remodeling, is a determinant of 1-year recurrence of AF after RFA. PMID: 22293450 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Circulation Journal)

Training Improves Interobserver Reliability for the Diagnosis of Scaphoid Fracture Displacement.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest training can improve interobserver reliability and sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of scaphoid fracture displacement, but the improvements are slight. These findings are encouraging for future research regarding interobserver variation and how to reduce it further. PMID: 22290132 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research)

Glenoid Stress Distribution in Baseball Players Using Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry: A Pilot Study.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The bicentric density patterns indicated that the cumulative force of pitching activity affected the long-term stress distribution across the glenoid cavity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our data should be useful for analyzing pitching activity and clarifying the pathology of shoulder disorders associated with throwing. PMID: 22290131 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research)

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Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy Under Near Real-Time Three- Dimensional Surgical Navigation With C-Arm Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

Surgical Innovation — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. This novel technology has great potential for application in LRN because it enables accurate depiction of the renal vessels and increases surgeon confidence. PMID: 22298752 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Surgical Innovation)

Retrocardiac herniation of atelectatic lung into the opposite chest.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 04:17:46 +0100

Authors: Moss JE, Festic E, Odell JA Abstract A 64-year-old man with a history of esophageal adenocarcinoma status postneoadjuvant therapy underwent esophagogastrectomy. Postoperatively he was found with increasing dyspnea and oxygen requirements. Computed tomography of the chest showed retrocardiac herniation of atelectatic lung into the contralateral hemithorax. PMID: 22269738 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery)

Aneurysmal aorto-right ventricular tunnel.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 04:13:45 +0100

Authors: Singh SK, Dwivedi SK, Kumar A, Vijay SK, Rajput N, Devenraj V, Sahni JL Abstract A successful closure of an aneurysmal aorto-right ventricular tunnel (ARVT) in a 16-year-old male patient is reported here. An attempt at device closure had failed in this patient. Diagnosis was confirmed by Doppler echocardiography, 3-dimensional computed tomography, and cardiac catheterization. Surgical closure with a Dacron patch (W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) at the aortic end and direct closure at the ventricular end was done successfully with the patient under mild hypothermia. The postoperative echocardiogram showed a competent aortic valve with a closed ARVT. PMID: 22269762 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery)

Segmentectomy simulation using a virtual three-dimensional safety margin.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 04:12:53 +0100

We report 2 cases of primary lung cancer for which we performed segmentectomy based on preoperative simulations by 3D-CTA with virtual 3D safety margins. We found this technique easy to use for simulations and useful for safely performing segmentectomy for small tumors in lung cancer. PMID: 22269767 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery)

What Causes Lung Nodules?

About.com Lung Cancer — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 19:32:19 +0100

Hearing that you or a loved one has a scan showing nodules can pull the carpet out from under you. I remember reading a CT scan report on my own mother that showed "multiple lung nodules." Immediately my mind began rattling off every possible diagnosis and worst case scenario -- over and over and over again -- like a PC infected with a virus....Read Full Post (Source: About.com Lung Cancer)

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CT Unreliable in Laryngeal Carcinoma Cartilage ReadingsCT Unreliable in Laryngeal Carcinoma Cartilage Readings

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 18:04:54 +0100

Computed tomography (CT) has been found to have a "remarkable lack of accuracy" in assessing whether or not laryngeal carcinoma has invaded adjacent cartilage with a very high false positive rate. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Issue Highlights

International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 09:33:53 +0100

In this study the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-endorsed brachial plexus contouring atlas was used to guide three radiation oncologists to independently delineate this particular structure on treatment planning CT scans from representative head-and-neck cancer patients undergoing IMRT. Inter-observer differences were remarkably small and thus this atlas appears to provide a consistent set of guidelines for contouring with essentially no learning curve. (Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics)

Dose Constraints to Prevent Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopathy in Patients Treated for Lung Cancer

International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 09:33:53 +0100

Conclusions: For lung cancers near the apical region, brachial plexopathy is a major concern for high-dose radiation therapy. We developed a computer-assisted image segmentation method that allows us to rapidly and consistently contour the brachial plexus and establish the dose limits to minimize the risk of brachial plexopathy. Our results could be used as a guideline in future prospective trials with high-dose radiation therapy for unresectable lung cancer. (Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics)

Validating Fiducial Markers for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy for Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation in Early-Stage Breast Cancer

International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 09:33:53 +0100

Conclusion: Fiducial markers are stable throughout the course of APBI. Planning target volume margins when using bony landmarks should be 10 mm and can be reduced to 6 mm if using fiducials. (Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics)

Extrahepatic, Nonneoplastic, Fat-Containing Lesions of the Abdominopelvic Cavity: Spectrum of Lesions, Significance, and Typical Appearance on Multidetector Computed Tomography

Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 09:32:35 +0100

Fat may be noted in a diffuse or focal manner in a variety of nonneoplastic abdominopelvic conditions. The specific signature of macroscopic fat on computed tomography along with the usually characteristic findings of these entities makes the diagnosis of most of these conditions relatively straightforward. In the intestinal tract, the “fat halo sign” usually arises in the context of subacute to chronic bowel wall inflammation. Excess fat in the renal sinus may occur with renal sinus lipomatosis or “replacement lipomatosis of the kidney.” Some cases of “pancreatic lipomatosis” may culminate in steatopancreatitis and ultimately neoplastic transformations. “Fibrofatty mesenteric proliferation” is a characteristic feature of Crohn disease. In the setting of the acute abdomen, ...

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Endoscopic management of a lower clival chondroid chordoma: case report.

Turkish Neurosurgery — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:02 +0100

We report herein a case of lower clival chondroid chordoma, focusing on the surgical procedure of endoscopic endonasal surgery. A 36-yearold woman presented with progressive headache, right shoulder pain, and right hypoglossal nerve palsy. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed an extradural tumor located in the lower clivus, including the anterior aspect of the foramen magnum, deeply compressing the medulla and upper cervical spinal cord. Endoscopic endonasal surgery was performed via two nostrils. Since the basiocciput was destroyed by the tumor, removal of the tumor allowed identification of the middle clivus superiorly, the anterior arch of the atlas inferiorly, and anteromedial parts of occipital condyles bilaterally without drilling ...

Chronic subdural hematoma after endoscopic third ventriculostomy: a case report and literature review.

Turkish Neurosurgery — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:02 +0100

Authors: Tekin T, Colak A, Kutlay M, Demircan MN Abstract Chronic subdural hematoma is a very rarely observed complication after endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). A 21-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with complaining of headache, weakness and tremor. The fundoscopic examination revealed slightly indistinct border of the papilla and neurological examination findings were normal. The cranial computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings demonstrated three-ventricular hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis and ETV was performed. The symptoms got better after the operation. At 1½ month postoperatively the patient reapplied to our clinic with a symptom of severe headache. Cranial BT imaging demonstrated enlargement of...

Cerebral contusion as a rare cause of foot drop: case report.

Turkish Neurosurgery — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:02 +0100

Authors: Oktem NB, Tari R, Kotil K, Bilge T Abstract A 74-year-old woman, taking anticoagulant therapy for chronic heart failure, presented to our emergency room with left dorsiflexion weakness 8 hours from after multitrauma. A detailed neurological examination revealed only 0/5 strength in the left foot dorsiflexion without any upper motor neuron signs. While there was no spinal cord pathology detected, cranial computed tomography demonstrated a lesion in the right parasagittal localization consistent with hemorrhagic contusion. Clinical follow-ups showed an improvement in neurological findings with muscle power of 3/5 in day 5 and 5/5 in day 45 of admission. The parasagittal region has a foot localization in the homonculus and lesions in this area can rarely pre...

Lumbar peritoneal shunt in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Turkish Neurosurgery — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:02 +0100

CONCLUSION: LP shunt is safe and effective in IIH. Results in terms of improvement in vision were better in good pre operatively vision group. PMID: 22274966 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Turkish Neurosurgery)

Pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen level is a risk factor for para-aortic lymph node recurrence in addition to squamous cell carcinoma antigen following definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Radiation Oncology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Background: To identify pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels as a risk factor for para-aortic lymph node (PALN) recurrence following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for cervical cancer. Methods: From March 1995 to January 2008, 188 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix were analyzed retrospectively. No patient received PALN irradiation as the initial treatment. CEA and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) were measured before and after radiotherapy. PALN recurrence was detected by computer tomography (CT) scans. We analyzed the actuarial rates of PALN recurrence by using Kaplan-Meier curves. Multivariate analyses were carried out with Cox regression models. We stratified the risk groups based on the hazard ratios (HR). Results: Both pretrea...

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Use of combined maximum and minimum intensity projections to determine internal target volume in 4-dimensional CT scans for hepatic malignancies.

Radiation Oncology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The tool of ITV2M is recommended as a reliable method for generating ITVs from 4D CT data sets in liver cancer. (Source: Radiation Oncology)

What Does it Mean if I Have a Lung Mass?

About.com Lung Cancer — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Many of you have written to me after receiving the news that you have a lung mass. How scary. And how totally confusing. First it helps to define what a lung mass is. A lung mass is a "spot" on the lungs seen with an x-ray or CT scan that measures at least 3 cm (1 ½ inches) or more in diameter. If a spot or spots are less than 3 cm they are considered lung nodules....Read Full Post (Source: About.com Lung Cancer)

18F-FDG PET/CT features of pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma.

Acta Radiologica — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionThe majority of PSHs show increased FDG uptakes, and their SUVmax values are significantly correlated with their tumor size. PSH ≥2 cm can frequently be falsely interpreted as malignancy in FDG-PET/CT. Further studies with large study population are warranted to confirm our observations. PMID: 22291338 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Radiologica)

Duodenal Ulcer Associated with Abdominal Wall Abscess

Australasian Medical Journal - AMJ — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 04:15:51 +0100

Computed tomography (CT) has been regarded as the method of choice for detecting the presence, site and cause of gastrointestinal tract perforation. In addition to determining the presence of perforation, CT can also localise the perforation size and demonstrate direct and indirect findings relative to the perforation. In this case study, we report the CT results in a patient with perforated duodenal ulcer associated with anterior abdominal abscess, and highlight the diagnostic value of CT imaging. (Source: Australasian Medical Journal - AMJ)

Pretest heart disease probability ‘should be considered’ before using CTA

MedWire News - Cardiology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Pretest probability for coronary artery disease and coronary calcium scoring should be considered before using computed tomography angiography for excluding obstructive CAD, researchers say. (Source: MedWire News - Cardiology)

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Remitting Seronegative Symmetrical Synovitis with Pitting Edema Syndrome in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 18:41:46 +0100

A 75-year-old male who was undergoing chronic hemodialysis developed abrupt-onset pitting edema and pain in the dorsum of both hands and feet. Biochemical analysis disclosed increased C-reactive protein, and negative rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody. Radiological examination showed no bony erosion. Computed tomography and gallium scintigraphy revealed no active infection or neoplasms. The clinical diagnosis was remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) syndrome. The pitting edema and inflammatory response quickly subsided after low-dose prednisolone therapy. This case demonstrates that RS3PE syndrome could be a differential diagnosis in elderly patients undergoing dialysis who develop pitting edema and joint pain. (Source: Advances in Pharmacological...

Primary stability and histomorphometric bone-implant contact of self-drilling and self-tapping orthodontic microimplants

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 16:46:13 +0100

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the primary stability and the histomorphometric measurements of self-drilling and self-tapping orthodontic microimplants and the correlations between factors related to host, implant, and measuring technique.Methods: Seventy-two self-drilling and self-tapping implants were placed into bovine iliac crest blocks after computed tomography assessments. Insertion torque values, subjective assessments of stability, and Periotest (Medizintecknik Gulden, Modautal, Germany) measurements were performed for each implant. Twelve specimens of each group were assigned to histologic and histomorphometric assessments.Results: The differences between insertion torque values, most Periotest values, and subjective assessments of stability scores were insi...

Effects of biglycan on physico-chemical properties of ligament-mineralized tissue attachment sites

Archives of Oral Biology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 16:46:12 +0100

Conclusion: Results indicate that BGNKO-mice exhibit significant differences in tissue properties compared to WT-mice. (Source: Archives of Oral Biology)

Sodium hypochlorite accident with evaluation by cone beam computed tomography

International Endodontic Journal — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 16:21:03 +0100

Behrents KT, Speer ML, Noujeim M. Sodium hypochlorite accident with evaluation by cone beam computed tomography. International Endodontic JournalAbstractAim To show the radiographic manifestation of sodium hypochlorite after accidental injection past the apical foramen and into the soft tissues.Summary A female patient was seen for an emergency visit after suffering a sodium hypochlorite accident at her general dentist’s office. The patient was seen within 1 h of the accident and was in pain associated with facial swelling. Radiographs, including a Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), and photographs were taken. Endodontic emergency treatment was initiated. The patient was reassured and given pain medication and antibiotics. Follow‐up visits were scheduled over 6 days when t...

Micro-computed tomography of the head and dentition in cadavers of clinically normal rabbits.

American Journal of Veterinary Research — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 12:45:16 +0100

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Micro-CT appeared to be a promising technique for appropriate diagnosis of dental disease in rabbits. Further research is needed to determine the clinical applications of micro-CT imaging. PMID: 22280382 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Veterinary Research)

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia Treated with Lower-Dose Palivizumab in a Heart Transplant Recipient

Anesthesiology Research and Practice — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 12:15:47 +0100

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important community-acquired pathogen that can cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients who have compromised pulmonary function, are elderly, or are immunosuppressed. This paper describes a 70-year-old man with a remote history of heart transplantation who presented with signs and symptoms of pneumonia. Chest computed tomography (CT) imaging demonstrated new patchy ground glass infiltrates throughout the upper and lower lobes of the left lung, and the RSV direct fluorescence antibody (DFA) was positive. The patient received aerosolized ribavirin, one dose of intravenous immunoglobulin, and one dose of palivizumab. After two months of followup, the patient had improved infiltrates on chest CT, improved pulmonary function testing, and no e...

Head And Neck Cancer Recurrences Detected Earlier By Routine Follow-Up Scans

Health News from Medical News Today — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Routine use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans in head and neck cancer patient follow-up can detect local recurrences before they become clinically apparent and may improve the outcome of subsequent salvage therapy, according to a study presented at the Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Symposium, sponsored by AHNS, ASCO, ASTRO and SNM. PET scan is a relatively new test and its use as a routine follow up for head and neck cancer patients is controversial... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Too Many CT Scans Performed In The ER For Dizziness

Health News from Medical News Today — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Performing CT scans in the emergency department for patients experiencing dizziness may not be worth the expense - an important finding from Henry Ford Hospital researchers as hospitals across the country look for ways to cut costs without sacrificing patient care. According to the Henry Ford study, less than 1 percent of the CT scans performed in the emergency department revealed a more serious underlying cause for dizziness - intracranial bleeding or stroke - that required intervention... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Patient-specific simulations of transcatheter aortic valve stent implantation

Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 06:36:48 +0100

In this study, patient-specific analyses were performed to explore the feasibility of TAVI in morphologies, which are currently borderline cases for a percutaneous approach. Five patients were recruited: four patients with failed bioprosthetic aortic valves (stenosis) and one patient with an incompetent, native aortic valve. Three-dimensional models of the implantation sites were reconstructed from computed tomography images. Within these realistic geometries, TAVI with an Edwards Sapien stent was simulated using finite element (FE) modelling. Engineering and clinical outcomes were assessed. In all patients, FE analysis proved that TAVI was morphologically feasible. After the implantation, stress distribution showed no risks of immediate device failure and geometric orifice areas inc...

Acute small bowel obstruction: a rare initial presentation for the metastasis of the large-cell carcinoma of the lung

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We present one case with symptoms of paroxysmal abdominal pain for over 20 days. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scan revealed intestinal obstruction and a mass of 6.0cmx6.0cm in size located at left adrenal. Chest CT scan showed a lobulated mass of 2.7cmx2.7cm in size at the upper left lung. Core needle biopsy of the lung mass confirmed the diagnosis of large cell carcinoma. The patient underwent an emergency abdominal laparotomy and received chemotherapy regimen consisted of pemetrexed and cisplatin postoperatively. In addition, we made a review of literature about its occurrence, diagnosis and outcome. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

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A morphometric cadaver study of the anterior lumbar epidural space

European Spine Journal — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 16:52:11 +0100

Conclusion This volume is large enough to hold average-sized slipped discs without causing neurological deficits. A better understanding of the anterior epidural space may allow a better distinction of patient treatment options. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00586-011-2139-1Authors W. Teske, Orthopädische Universitätsklinik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gudrunstraße 56, 44791 Bochum, GermanyJ. Krämer, Institut für Wirbelsäulenforschung, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße142, 44799 Bochum, GermanyT. Lichtinger, Orthopädische Universitätsklinik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gudrunstraße 56, 44791 Bochum, GermanyO. Köster, Radiologische Universitätsklinik, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Gudrunstraße 56, 44791 Boc...

Significance of proximal femoral computed tomography scanning in the prediction of femoral prosthesis before total hip arthroplasty

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 16:50:53 +0100

Abstract Femoral prosthesis before total hip arthroplasty (THA) predicted by Proximal Femoral CT scanning. Prior to THA, 61 hip bones in 52 cases were scanned by CT to measure the minimum inner diameter of cavum medullare in femur isthmus. The corresponding type of femoral prosthesis was selected according to the size of the cavum medullares. The conventional template measuring method was used as a contrast. The minimum inner diameter of cavum medullare in femur isthmus and the medial diameter of cavum medullare of resected femur had strong correlation with the type of femoral prosthesis (r = 0.97–0.99, P < 0.05). In terms of pre-operative femoral prosthesis selection, the CT-based isthmus-measuring method had an excellence rate of 47.5%. This metho...

Suicide with two shots to the head inflicted by a captive-bolt gun

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 08:18:44 +0100

Abstract: An exceptional case of suicide with two shots to the head inflicted by a captive-bolt gun is reported here. The pathophysiology observed, and related literature, indicate that the capacity of the victim to fire a second shot depended on the depth of skull penetration by the first shot and the extent of damage to nerve structures. In this case, an ante mortem multi-detector computed tomography was possible. From discussion with the radiologist and a 3D reconstruction, the two-shot suicide scenario could be confirmed. (Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine)

Sex identification in Egyptian population using Multidetector Computed Tomography of the maxillary sinus

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 08:18:42 +0100

In conclusion, MDCT measurements of cephalo-caudal and size of the left maxillary sinuses are useful feature in gender determination in Egyptians. (Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine)

PET/CT detects head/neck cancer recurrences earlier

AuntMinnie.com Headlines — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Routine use of follow-up PET/CT scans can detect local cancer recurrences before (more) (Source: AuntMinnie.com Headlines)

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An en bloc approach to CT perfusion for the evaluation of limb ischemia

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:55:50 +0100

Abstract We examine volumetric CT perfusion in soft tissues of the entire foot with an en bloc technique to provide a meaningful measure of differentiation between mild and major vascular impairment. With Institutional Review Board approval, 22 healthy male subjects between the ages of 21 and 50 (mean 37) were enrolled. Volumetric computed tomography using an en bloc technique was conducted on 14 subjects for validation while unilateral vascular obstruction was simulated in the calves of the remaining 8 subjects. Perfusion estimates were made using in-house software and differences in perfusion estimates between feet were evaluated with Student’s t-test at 95% confidence. Subjects with simulated major vascular obstruction (calf blood pressure cuff inflated to 200 mmHg...

Cerebellar toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS infant: case report and review of the literature

Neurological Sciences — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:55:44 +0100

Abstract Cerebellar mass lesion is an uncommon presentation of toxoplasmosis. The authors report one rare case in an 11-month-old HIV/AIDS female infant who presented with deterioration in her developmental milestones. CT scan revealed a ring-enhancing mass lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere with secondary obstructive hydrocephalus. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted prior to posterior fossa decompression and biopsy of the lesion. The specimens obtained were divided into two. One specimen was sent for histological diagnosis immediately after surgery while the second specimen was preserved until the release of the histology report. The initial histopathology report indicated a neoplastic process. Immunohistochemical stains were attempted but interpreted with d...

Post-treatment follow-up procedures in cervical cancer patients previously treated with radiotherapy

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:54:59 +0100

Conclusions Chest X-ray and Pap smear can be routinely performed for the first 2 years after radiotherapy, but can be omitted or used sparingly thereafter. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gynecologic OncologyPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00404-012-2235-4Authors Seiji Mabuchi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanFumiaki Isohashi, Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanShintaro Maruoka, Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanTakeshi Hisamatsu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate ...

CT measurements prior to computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty do not improve rotational placement of the femoral component

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:53:02 +0100

Conclusion No relationship was found between pre-operative CT measurements and peri-operative CAS measurements used to orient the femoral component. Data obtained from CT cannot be used peri-operatively with CAS to improve rotational setting of the femoral component. Level of evidence Therapeutic study, Level II. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory KneePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00167-012-1909-6Authors A. de Ladoucette, Clinique de l’Union, Boulevard Ratalens, 31240 Saint Jean, France Journal Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, ArthroscopyOnline ISSN 1433-7347Print ISSN 0942-2056 (Source: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy)

The first Issue of European Heart Journal – Cardiovascular Imaging is now available online

European Society of Cardiology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 11:59:39 +0100

The European Heart Journal – Cardiovascular Imaging, formerly European Journal of Echocardiography, has broadened its focus to cover all areas of cardiovascular imaging including echocardiography, magnetic resonance, computed tomography, nuclear and invasive imaging. This change reflects the increasing importance of these imaging modalities to everyday medical practice. Topics: Echocardiography (Non-invasive imaging), Non-invasive imaging: Echocardiography, MR/CT, Nuclear (Source: European Society of Cardiology)

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Laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal schwannoma

Asian Journal of Endoscopic Surgery — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 11:25:39 +0100

AbstractHerein is a report of a case of a 34‐year‐old man whose chief complaint was right lower abdominal pain. He was diagnosed with acute appendicitis. Additionally, an abdominal CT scan found retroperitoneal tumor approximately 5 cm in size, with an imaging effect, located adjacent to the dorsal side of the inferior vena cava. For this suspected neurogenic tumor, laparoscopic appendectomy and retroperitoneal tumorectomy were performed after conservative treatment of appendicitis. The retroperitoneal tumor was 5.5 × 3.5 cm in size, had a capsule, smooth surface and soft elasticity, and the divided face was solid white. The histopathological work‐up revealed that the tumor was a benign mixed‐type schwannoma, in which spindle cells were arranged. The patient's postoperativ...

Aortic Remodeling Following TEVAR in Acute and Chronic Type B Dissection

Journal of Vascular Surgery — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 11:25:16 +0100

To determine the changes in aortic luminal diameter for patients with acute and chronic aortic dissection. Patients treated with TEVAR for type B aortic dissection (AD) were identified from a prospectively maintained registry. Health systems charts, medical correspondence, and computed tomography (CT) imaging were reviewed. Measurements for true lumen (TL) and false lumen diameters were recorded at the first transverse section directly inferior to the aortic arch. Maximum diameter (MD) was recorded at the point of maximal dilation, regardless of position. Data were analyzed for up to 2 years after endovascular intervention. (Source: Journal of Vascular Surgery)

Erratum

The Journal of Hand Surgery — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 11:25:00 +0100

In the article by Lindenhovius A, Karanicolas PJ, Bhandari M, van Dijk N, Ring D, and the Collaboration for Outcome Assessment in Surgical Trials (“Interobserver Reliability of Coronoid Fracture Classification: Two-Dimensional Versus Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography,” J Hand Surg 2009;34A:1640–1646), J.C. Goslings of the Collaboration for Outcome Assessment in Surgical Trials was incorrectly listed as Carel Goslings. (Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery)

Interobserver Reliability of Computed Tomography to Diagnose Scaphoid Waist Fracture Union

The Journal of Hand Surgery — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 11:24:59 +0100

Conclusions: Our results suggest that CT scans are accurate and reliable for diagnosis of union but inadequate for ruling out nonunion of scaphoid waist fractures between 6 and 10 weeks after injury. Type of study/level of evidence: Diagnostic III. (Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery)

Pulmonary Embolism Evaluation in the Pregnant Patient: A Review of Current Imaging Approaches

Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:38:45 +0100

Pregnancy is characterized by a higher incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) than in age-matched nonpregnant women. However, the diagnosis of PE during pregnancy might prove to be more difficult than in the general population. Clinicians strongly rely on imaging studies to establish a prompt diagnosis. On reviewing this article, the reader will learn the pros and cons of the 2 main imaging studies used in the evaluation for PE, computed tomography of the pulmonary arteries and lung scintigraphy. Radiation dose and other important factors to consider during the evaluation for PE in pregnancy are highlighted so that clinicians and radiologists can choose the most appropriate imaging study for diagnosis. (Source: Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI)

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Imaging of Trauma in a Pregnant Patient

Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:38:45 +0100

Trauma is the number one nonobstetric cause of maternal death. This chapter presents the latest consensus from the literature on the best approach to radiographic imaging of these patients. The central issues of discussion include the rationale and protocols for screening for pregnancy in trauma setting; the effects of radiation and its risks to the fetus; obtaining informed consent; how to estimate fetal dose; and the role of ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, including the intravenous contrast agents used for the assessment of abdominal trauma. The team approach to the management of these patients is also highlighted. (Source: Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI)

Imaging of the Placenta with Pathologic Correlation

Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:38:45 +0100

The placenta functions to nourish and protect the fetus. Imaging of the placenta can have a profound impact on patient management, owing to the morbidity and mortality associated with various placental conditions. To fully appreciate placental pathology, its physiology, anatomy, and variant anatomy will be outlined. Placental conditions affecting the mother and fetus include molar pregnancies, placental hematoma, abruption, previa, accreta, vasa previa, choriocarcinoma, and retained products of conception. Ultrasonography remains the definitive modality in diagnosing most of these conditions, with magnetic resonance imaging remaining an adjunctive measure. Computed tomography is occasionally used in cases of trauma and tumor staging. (Source: Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI)

Case of the Month #175: Intracranial Blastomycosis

Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:38:27 +0100

A 27-year-old man from Ontario was referred to the neurology service for a 2-month history of left-sided headache, slurred speech, and limp. Results of a neurologic examination revealed increased tone on the right, as well as right-sided weakness and clonus of the right ankle reflex. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the head () was performed after a noncontrast study revealed mass lesions in the left cerebral hemisphere and left posterior fossa. A recent chest radiograph () was also available at the time of the CT study. (Source: Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal)

Inner Ear Evolution in Primates Through the Cenozoic: Implications for the Evolution of Hearing

Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we used high resolution X‐ray computed tomography to investigate several functionally relevant auditory structures of the inner ear in a sample of 21 fossil primate species (60 Ma to recent times) and 25 species of living euarchontans (primates, tree shrews, and flying lemurs). The structures examined include the length of the cochlea, development of bony spiral lamina and area of the oval window (or stapedial footplate when present). Using these measurements we predicted aspects of low‐frequency and high‐frequency sensitivity and show that hearing patterns in primates likely evolved in several stages through the first half of the Cenozoic. These results provide temporal boundaries for the development of hearing patterns in extant lineages and strongly suggest that the...