MedWorm: DEXA Scan

DXA on a par with radiography for vertebral fracture diagnosis

MedWire News - Bone Health — Thu, 09 Feb 2012 04:35:58 +0100

The latest generation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry imaging is on a par with conventional radiography for the diagnosis of vertebral fractures, Italian researchers report. (Source: MedWire News - Bone Health)

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Neonatal administration with dexmedetomidine does not impair the rat hippocampal synaptic plasticity later in adulthood

Pediatric Anesthesia — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 12:08:52 +0100

Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that a single administration of DEX to rats on P7 preserves hippocampal synaptic plasticity as well as synaptic transmission later in life. In view of the some evidence that have demonstrated the permanent detrimental impact of commonly used anesthetics on neurological outcomes after neonatal exposure, our findings may suggest the relative safety of DEX administered as a sedative agent to neonatal animals with regard to the development of hippocampal synaptic functions. (Source: Pediatric Anesthesia)

Validation of Five Simple Models Estimating Body Fat in White Postmenopausal Women: Use in Clinical Practice and Research.

Obesity — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, it seems that Visser's et al. model, including only BMI, with Brozek's equation, is a fast, noninvasive, and valid method to assess body composition in white postmenopausal women in clinical practice and research. PMID: 22301902 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity)

Interpretation of Body Mass Index in Children with CKD.

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsIn children with CKD, BMI-height-age-z reflects relative LM and adiposity in the same way that BMI-age-z does in healthy children. PMID: 22300738 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN)

Bone mineral density by DXA and HR pQCT can discriminate fracture status in men and women with stages 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease

Osteoporosis International — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:14:09 +0100

Conclusions Among CKD patients not yet requiring renal replacement therapy, BMD by DXA is able to discriminate fracture status. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00198-012-1908-yAuthors S. A. Jamal, Women’s College Research Institute, 790 Bay Street, Suite 725, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, CanadaA. M. Cheung, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaS. L. West, Women’s College Research Institute, 790 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, CanadaC. E. Lok, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Journal Osteoporosis InternationalOnline ISSN 1433-2965Print ISSN 0937-941X (Source: Osteoporosis International)

Relationship between body composition, inflammation and lung function in overweight and obese asthma

Respiratory Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study suggests that both body composition and inflammation independently affect lung function, with distinct differences between males and females. Lean tissue exacerbates the obese-asthma phenotype in females and the mechanism responsible for this finding warrants further investigation. (Source: Respiratory Research)

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Osteoporosis/Osteopenia and hemophilic arthropathy in severe hemophilic patients.

Archives of Iranian Medicine — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that men with severe hemophilia have reduced BMD. Patients at risk are those with signs of hemophilic arthropathy. Because osteoporosis may complicate the future treatment of patients with hemophilia, screening of patients with hemophilic arthropathy for reduction of BMD and preventive therapies is highly recommended. PMID: 22292576 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine)

Association of ALOX15 gene polymorphisms with obesity-related phenotypes in Chinese nuclear families with male offspring.

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:rs916055 in ALOX15 gene was significantly associated with the percentage of fat mass in Chinese nuclear families with male offspring in the family-based association study using QTDT approach. PMID: 22301860 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica)

Effects of cast-mediated immobilization on bone mineral mass at various sites in adolescents with lower-extremity fracture.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Lower-limb fractures are not related to osteopenia in adolescents at the time of fracture. However, osteopenia does develop in the injured limb during cast immobilization for fracture treatment. Further investigation is required to determine if the bone mineral mass will return to normal or if a permanent decrease is to be expected, which may constitute a hypothetical risk of sustaining a second fracture. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. PMID: 22298052 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume)

Poor bone microarchitecture in older men with impaired physical performance—the STRAMBO study

Osteoporosis International — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:05:11 +0100

Conclusion In older men, poor physical performance is associated with lower hip aBMD and poor bone microarchitecture (mainly at the distal tibia). Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s00198-012-1906-0Authors S. Blaizot, INSERM UMR 1033, Université de Lyon, Lyon, FranceS. Boutroy, INSERM UMR 1033, Université de Lyon, Lyon, FranceN. Vilayphiou, INSERM UMR 1033, Université de Lyon, Lyon, FranceS. Boonen, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Leuven University Hospital Department of Internal Medicine, Leuven, BelgiumR. Chapurlat, INSERM UMR 1033, Université de Lyon, Lyon, FranceP. Szulc, INSERM UMR 1033, Université d...

Impact of Tai Chi exercise on multiple fracture-related risk factors in post-menopausal osteopenic women: a pilot pragmatic, randomized trial

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: TC training offered through existing community-based programs is a safe, feasible, and promising intervention for reducing multiple fracture risks. Our results affirm the value of a more definitive, longer-term trial of TC for osteopenic women, adequately powered to detect clinically relevant effects of TC on attenuation of BMD loss and reduction of fall risk in this population.Trail registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT01039012 (Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine)

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Relationship between obesity and foot pain and its association with fat mass, fat distribution, and muscle mass

Arthritis Care and Research — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 10:29:28 +0100

ConclusionIncreasing BMI, specifically android fat mass, is strongly associated with foot pain and disability. This may imply both biomechanical and metabolic mechanisms. (Source: Arthritis Care and Research)

Sclerostin serum levels correlate positively with bone mineral density and microarchitecture in haemodialysis patients

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Considering that sclerostin is an inhibitor of bone formation, the observed positive correlations of serum sclerostin with BMD and bone volume were unexpected. Whether its increase in dialysis patients has direct pathogenetic relevance or is only a secondary phenomenon remains to be seen. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

Diagnostic usefulness of bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in predicting fracture in CKD stage 5D patients--a single-center cohort study

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Hemodialyzed patients with low or high PTH or increased b-AP had a high fracture risk. BMD by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), especially at the total hip region, was useful to predict any type of incident of fracture for females with low PTH or to discriminate prevalent spine fracture for every patient. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

Bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese women treated with calcium fortification in soymilk and cow's milk

Osteoporosis International — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 16:44:57 +0100

Conclusions Daily consumption of milk containing 250 mg calcium over 18 months prevents BMD loss at the hip and the femoral neck in postmenopausal Chinese women. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00198-012-1895-zAuthors J.-C. Gui, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd, Shanghai, 200040 People’s Republic of ChinaJ. R. Brašić, Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAX.-D. Liu, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd, Shanghai, 200040 People’s Republic of ChinaG.-Y. Gong, Technical Center,...

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for Quantification of Visceral Fat.

Obesity — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kaul S, Rothney MP, Peters DM, Wacker WK, Davis CE, Shapiro MD, Ergun DL Abstract Obesity is the major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and through it diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease. Visceral fat (VF) rather than subcutaneous fat (SF) is the major predictor of adverse events. Currently, the reference standard for measuring VF is abdominal X-ray computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), requiring highly used clinical equipment. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can accurately measure body composition with high-precision, low X-ray exposure, and short-scanning time. The purpose of this study was to validate a new fully automated method whereby abdominal VF can be measured by DXA. Furthermore, we explored the association between DXA-deri...

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Assessment of Fracture Risk

Current Osteoporosis Reports — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 06:52:38 +0100

Abstract Osteoporosis-related fractures (low-trauma, fragility fractures) are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure worldwide. In the absence of a defining fracture, the diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on the World Health Organization’s T-score criteria using central dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Paradoxically, the majority of those patients who will sustain a low-trauma fracture do not meet the T-score definition of osteoporosis. Conversely, younger individuals with bone density in the osteoporotic range but no other risk factors have relatively low fracture rates and yet are frequently considered candidates for osteoporosis therapies. The limited accuracy of bone density testing alone to predict fractures has led to ...

Estimating dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived total body skeletal muscle mass using single-slice abdominal magnetic resonance imaging in obese subjects with and without diabetes: a pilot study

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: S T Baker, B J Strauss, L A Prendergast, S Panagiotopoulos, G E Thomas, T Vu, J Proietto & G Jerums (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Early maternal undernutrition programs increased feed intake, altered glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and liver function, in aged female offspring.

Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: George LA, Zhang L, Tuersunjiang N, Ma Y, Long NM, Uthlaut AB, Smith DT, Nathanielsz PW, Ford SP Abstract Insulin resistance and obesity are components of the metabolic syndrome which includes development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes with advancing age. The thrifty phenotype hypothesis suggests that offspring of poorly nourished mothers are predisposed to the various components of the metabolic syndrome due to adaptations made during fetal development. We assessed the effects of maternal nutrient restriction in early gestation on feeding behavior, insulin/glucose dynamics, body composition and liver function in aged female offspring of ewes fed either a nutrient restricted (NR: 50% National Research Council (NRC) recommendations) or control (C: 100% NRC) diet fro...

Femoral Neck Bone Strength Estimated by Hip Structural Analysis (HSA) in Swedish Caucasians Aged 6–90 Years

Calcified Tissue International — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:54:00 +0100

Abstract Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry hip scans of 1,760 population-based Caucasians, 599 girls and 642 boys aged 6–19 years and 270 women and 249 men aged 20–90 years, were analyzed with the hip structural analysis (HSA) software to present age- and sex-specific normative HSA data of the femoral neck (FN). Measured traits included bone mineral density (BMD), cross-sectional area (CSA), section modulus (Z), periosteal diameter (PD), endosteal diameter (ED), cortical thickness (CT), and cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI). When plotting the measured traits versus age, the curves increased with higher ages until statistically significant break points were reached, for all traits at age 17 in girls and age 19 in boys. After the break points, PD and ED i...

Examining the Link Between Bariatric Surgery, Bone Loss, and Osteoporosis: a Review of Bone Density Studies

Obesity Surgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:50:11 +0100

Abstract As the popularity of bariatric surgery to treat morbid obesity has risen, so has a concern of increased skeletal fragility secondary to accelerated bone loss following bariatric procedures. We reviewed cross-sectional and prospective literature reporting bone density outcomes following bariatric surgical treatment for morbid obesity. Prospective research provides evidence of hip and lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (aBMD) reductions primarily in women despite calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Femoral neck aBMD declines of 9–11% and lumbar spine aBMD reductions up to 8% were observed at the first post-operative year following malabsorptive procedures. Mean T- and Z-scores up to 25 years following surgery remained within normal and healthy ranges. ...

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Body mass index versus dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry‐derived indexes: Predictors of cardiovascular and diabetic disease risk factors

American Journal of Human Biology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:In police officers, DEXA indexes are better predictors of cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. However, populations with different distributions of fitness, diet, and health conditions may demonstrate differentfeatures. In contrast to BMI, DEXA‐derived measurements suggest avenues to explore metabolic processes, which relate to an index's underlying association with risk and may suggest more effective intervention strategies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology)

Atypical subtrochanteric femoral fracture.

Physical Therapy — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 15:30:06 +0100

Authors: Park SY, Lee SH, Han SB Abstract The patient was a 72-year-old woman who presented to an emergency department with a chief complaint of severe right thigh pain following a fall. Prior to the fall, the patient reported an 8-month history of worsening right thigh pain. The patient had a 4-year history of alendronate and calcium use to manage her osteoporosis. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) hip images taken 1 month prior to the patient's fracture demonstrated lateral cortical thickening in the subtrochanteric region of the femur. In retrospect, this finding was concerning for impending complete fracture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(1):44. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.0402. PMID: 22236717 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Physical Therapy)

Metabolomic Profiling of Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Metabolism in Youth With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence for enhanced mitochondrial oxidation.

Diabetes Care — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONSThese metabolomics results, together with the increased rates of in vivo FOX are not supportive of defective fatty acid or amino acid metabolism in obesity and type 2 diabetes in youth. Such observations are consistent with early adaptive metabolic plasticity in youth, which over time-with continued obesity and aging-may become dysfunctional, as observed in adults. PMID: 22266733 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Age-related changes in proximal humerus bone health in healthy, white males

Osteoporosis International — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:51:50 +0100

Conclusion Aging is associated with considerable declines in proximal humeral bone health which, when coupled with a traumatic event such as a fall, may contribute to osteoporotic fracture at this site. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00198-012-1893-1Authors S. M. Mantila Roosa, Center for Translational Musculoskeletal Research, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USAA. L. Hurd, Center for Translational Musculoskeletal Research, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USAH. Xu, Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USAR. K. Fuchs, Center for Translational Musculoskeletal Research, School...

Lower Thigh Subcutaneous and Higher Visceral Abdominal Adipose Tissue Content Both Contribute to Insulin Resistance.

Obesity — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Amati F, Pennant M, Azuma K, Dubé JJ, Toledo FG, Rossi AP, Kelley DE, Goodpaster BH Abstract It is well known that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with insulin resistance (IR). Considerable debate remains concerning the potential positive effect of thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (TSAT). Our objective was to observe whether VAT and TSAT are opposite, synergistic or additive for both peripheral and hepatic IR. Fifty-two volunteers (21 male/31 female) between 30 and 75 years old were recruited from the general population. All subjects were sedentary overweight or obese (mean BMI 33.0 ± 3.4 kg/m(2)). Insulin sensitivity was determined by a 4-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with stable isotope tracer dilution. Total body fat and lean body mass were determin...

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Visceral and Not Subcutaneous Abdominal Adiposity Reduction Drives the Benefits of a 1-Year Lifestyle Modification Program.

Obesity — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Borel AL, Nazare JA, Smith J, Alméras N, Tremblay A, Bergeron J, Poirier P, Després JP Abstract Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with an increased cardiometabolic risk. The study examined whether changes in cardiometabolic risk markers after a 1-year lifestyle intervention in viscerally obese men were associated with changes in VAT or with changes in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT). The relative contributions of changes in global adiposity vs. changes in cardiorespiratory fitness to changes in VAT were also quantified. One hundred and forty four men were selected on the basis of an increased waist circumference (≥90 cm) associated with dyslipidemia (triglycerides ≥1.69 and/or high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol <1.03 mmol/l); 1...

Lumbar spine and total-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in children with severe neurological impairment and intellectual disability: a pilot study of artefacts and disrupting factors

Pediatric Radiology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 06:48:44 +0100

Conclusion Factors that may negatively influence the accuracy of DXA outcome are frequently present in children with severe neurological impairment and ID. No systematic deviation of DXA outcome in coherence with the amount of disrupting factors was found, but physicians should be aware of the possible influence of disrupting factors on the accuracy of DXA. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00247-011-2307-9Authors S. Mergler, Intellectual Disability Medicine/Department of General Practice, Erasmus University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsR. Rieken, Intellectual Disability Medicine/Department of General Practice, Erasmus University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherla...

Effects of 4 weight-loss diets differing in fat, protein, and carbohydrate on fat mass, lean mass, visceral adipose tissue, and hepatic fat: results from the POUNDS LOST trial.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Participants lost more fat than lean mass after consumption of all diets, with no differences in changes in body composition, abdominal fat, or hepatic fat between assigned macronutrient amounts. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995. PMID: 22258266 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Effect of supplementation with cholecalciferol and calcium on 2-y bone mass accrual in HIV-infected children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: One gram of calcium per day and oral cholecalciferol at a dosage of 100,000 IU every 2 mo administered to HIV-infected children and adolescents did not affect bone mass accrual despite significant increases in serum 25(OH)D concentrations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00724178. PMID: 22258265 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

What Is the Utility of Distal Forearm DXA in Primary Hyperparathyroidism?

The Oncologist — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. In patients with PHPT, the worst T score is commonly found in the distal forearm. This T score can identify additional patients with a diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis. Distal forearm bone mineral density should, therefore, be assessed in all patients who have a diagnosis of PHPT. PMID: 22258698 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Oncologist)

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Young Women with Cold-Activated Brown Adipose Tissue Have Higher Bone Mineral Density and Lower Pref-1 than Women without Brown Adipose Tissue: A Study in Women with Anorexia Nervosa, Women Recovered from Anorexia Nervosa, and Normal-Weight Women.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:Young women with AN have low cold-activated BAT, which may be due to impaired BAT thermogenesis. Young women with BAT have higher BMD and lower Pref-1 compared with women without BAT, suggesting that BAT may be involved in the regulation of stem cell differentiation into the bone lineage at the expense of adipogenesis. PMID: 22259053 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Decreased Bone Mineral Density in Rats Rendered Follicle-Deplete by an Ovotoxic Chemical Correlates with Changes in Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Inhibin A

Calcified Tissue International — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 07:17:43 +0100

Abstract Bone loss during perimenopause, an estrogen-sufficient period, correlates with elevated serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and decreased inhibins A and B. Utilizing a recently described ovotoxin-induced animal model of perimenopause characterized by a prolonged estrogen-replete period of elevated FSH, we examined longitudinal changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and their association with FSH. Additionally, serum inhibin levels were assessed to determine whether elevated FSH occurred secondary to decreased ovarian inhibin production and, if so, whether inhibins also correlated with BMD. BMD of the distal femur was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) over 19 months in Sprague-Dawley rats treated at 1 month with vehicle or 4-vinylc...

Association between bone mineral density and hearing loss in osteogenesis imperfecta

The Laryngoscope — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:It is hypothesized that OI patients with lower BMD might be more susceptible to accumulating microfractures, which may interfere with the bone remodeling inhibition pathways in the temporal bone and, therefore, contribute to stapes footplate fixation and a conductive hearing loss component. (Source: The Laryngoscope)

Prevalence of vertebral fractures in women and men in the population based Tromso Study

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The prevalence of vertebral fractures increased by age in women and men, but the overall prevalence was lower than expected, considering the high prevalence of hip and forearm fractures in Norway. In both sexes, the wedge type was the fracture type most frequently observed and most common in the thoracic region. (Source: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders)

Bone mineral density, body composition and bone turnover in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

International Journal of Andrology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, patients with congenital HH require life-long follow-up to avoid inadequate HRT, long treatment pauses and further morbidity. PMID: 22248317 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Andrology)

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Tibolone increases bone mineral density but also relapse in breast cancer survivors: LIBERATE Trial Bone Sub-study

Breast Cancer Research — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

IntroductionLivial Intervention Following Breast Cancer; Efficacy, Recurrence and Tolerability Endpoints (LIBERATE - ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00408863), a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial which demonstrated that tibolone (Livial), a tissue selective hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increased breast cancer (BC) recurrence HR 1.40 (95% CI 1.14-1.70; p=0.001) entered a subgroup of women into a study of Bone Mineral Density (BMD). Methods: Women with surgically excised primary BC (T1-3, N0-2, M0) within the last 5 years complaining of vasomotor symptoms, were assigned to tibolone 2.5mg daily or placebo treatment for a maximum of 5 years. The BMD sub-study enrolled 763 patients utilizing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning at baseline and at 2 years. Results: ...

Born With Low Birth Weight in Rural Southern India - What Are the Metabolic Consequences 20 Years Later?

European Journal of Endocrinology — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionThe confirmation of early though subtle features of the metabolic syndrome and changes in body composition among LBW rural Indians supports the idea of foetal programming contributing to the risk of T2D and the metabolic syndrome. Although the alterations in the absolute sense appear mild, factors such as urbanisation and aging may further aggravate and unmask the metabolic abnormalities, linking T2D and the metabolic syndrome with LBW in the Indian population. PMID: 22250073 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Endocrinology)

AMIC: Reduced DEXA payments may curb screening, up fracture incidence

Health Imaging News — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 14:47:38 +0100

The Access to Medical Imaging Coalition (AMIC) is urging the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC) to consider the correlation between Medicare reimbursement and patient outcomes as it advises Congress about physician payments. (Source: Health Imaging News)

The 25(OH)D level needed to maintain a favorable bisphosphonate response is ≥33 ng/ml

Osteoporosis International — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 06:41:06 +0100

Conclusions Patients with a mean 25(OH)D ≥33 ng/ml had a substantially greater likelihood of maintaining bisphosphonate response. This threshold level of 25(OH)D is higher than that considered adequate by the Institute of Medicine, arguing that higher levels may be required for specific therapeutic outcomes. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1868-7Authors A. S. Carmel, Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 505 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USAA. Shieh, Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 505 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USAH. Bang, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, 402 E...

Growth from birth to adulthood and peak bone mass and density data from the New Delhi Birth Cohort

Osteoporosis International — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 06:41:06 +0100

Conclusions Greater skeletal growth and BMI gain in utero and during infancy are associated with higher peak BMC, and greater BMI gain in childhood and adolescence is associated with higher peak aBMD and BMAD. These associations are mediated by the attainment of adult height and BMI, respectively. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1857-xAuthors N. Tandon, Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, IndiaC. H. D. Fall, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKC. Osmond, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKH. P. S. Sachdev, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, IndiaD. ...

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Vitamin D status and physical activity interact to improve bone mass in adolescents. The HELENA Study

Osteoporosis International — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 06:41:01 +0100

Conclusions Vitamin D and PA may interact to determine BMC. 25(OH)D sufficiency levels improve bone mass only in active adolescents, or PA has a positive influence on BMC in individuals with replete vitamin D levels. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1884-7Authors J. Valtueña, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences–INEF, Technical University of Madrid, C/ Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, SpainL. Gracia-Marco, GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, SpainG. Vicente-Rodríguez, GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, SpainM. González-Gross, Department of Health and Human Performance, Fac...

Resting heart rate as predictor of metabolic dysfunctions in obese children and adolescents

BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Elevated RHR has the potential to identify subjects at an increased risk of atherosclerosis development. (Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles)

Dual-Energy X-Ray Performs as Well as Clinical Computed Tomography for the Measurement of Visceral Fat.

Obesity — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Micklesfield LK, Goedecke JH, Punyanitya M, Wilson KE, Kelly TL Abstract Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with adverse health effects including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. We developed a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement of visceral adipose tissue (DXA-VAT) as a low cost and low radiation alternative to computed tomography (CT). DXA-VAT was compared to VAT assessed using CT by an expert reader (E-VAT). In addition, the same CT slice was also read by a clinical radiographer (C-VAT) and a best-fit anthropomorphic and demographic VAT model (A-VAT) was developed. Whole body DXA, CT at L4-L5, and anthropometry were measured on 272 black and white South African women (age 29 ± 8 years, BMI 28 ± 7 kg/m(2), waist circumference (WC) 89 ...

Effects of Dapagliflozin on Body Weight, Total Fat Mass, and Regional Adipose Tissue Distribution in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:Dapagliflozin reduces TBW, predominantly by reducing FM, VAT and SAT in T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin. PMID: 22238392 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Systematic DXA assessment identifies high prevalence of vertebral fracture

MedWire News - Bone Health — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Vertebral fractures are common when systematically assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry, research shows. (Source: MedWire News - Bone Health)

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Hypertension in type 1 diabetic patients-the influence of body composition and body mass index: an observational study.

Anadolu Kardiyol Der... — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Diabetes is associated with an increase in body fat especially abdominal, which leads to an increase in insulin resistance and decrease in lean mass. In type 1 diabetic patients, blood pressure depends on body mass index SDS and fat mass. Abdominal fat is the only factor related to mean arterial blood pressure and systolic blood pressure. PMID: 22231936 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anadolu Kardiyol Der...)

Risk factor analysis for early femoral failure in metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty: the effect of bone density and body mass index

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We recommend that dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan T-score tests should be routinely performed on all hip resurfacing patients pre-operatively. If a patient has a low T-score (< =-1.5), consideration should be given to additional precautions or treatments to alleviate his or her risk, especially when the patient has a higher body mass index (>=29 kg/m2). (Source: Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research)

Does long-term swimming participation have a deleterious effect on the adult female skeleton?

European Journal of Applied Physiology — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 19:35:16 +0100

Abstract Swimming is a popular activity for Australian women with proven cardiovascular benefits yet lacks the features thought necessary to stimulate positive adaptive changes in bone. Given that peak bone mass is attained close to the end of the second decade, we asked whether swimming was negatively associated with bone mineral density in premenopausal women beyond this age. Bone mass and retrospective physical activity data were gathered from 43 female swimmers and 44 controls (mean ages 40.4 and 43.8 years, respectively). Swimmers were recruited from the Australian Union of Senior Swimmers International while controls were healthy community dwellers with similar lean mass, fat mass, height, weight and body mass index. None of the participants had a history of med...

Relationship between calcaneal quantitative ultrasound and hip dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in young healthy men

Osteoporosis International — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 06:45:00 +0100

Abstract Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1853-1Authors J. Rawal, Institute for Health and Human Performance, University College London, London, UKK. Eleftheriou, Institute for Health and Human Performance, University College London, London, UKJ. Skipworth, Institute for Health and Human Performance, University College London, London, UKZ. Puthucheary, Institute for Health and Human Performance, University College London, London, UKM. Loosemore, English Institute of Sport, Manchester, UKJ. Payne, Scottish National Advanced Heart Failure Service, Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UKF. Dreno, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, London, UKM. World, Royal Centre for Defense Medicine, Sell...

Local autograft retrieval from a cervical vertebral body: biomechanical consequences.

Journal of Neurosurgery.Spine — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions There does not appear to be a significant early biomechanical weakening of adjacent vertebrae caused by aforementioned technique of local bone harvest. PMID: 22225490 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Neurosurgery.Spine)

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Intra-Abdominal Adipose Tissue Is Independently Associated With Sex-Hormone Binding Globulin in Premenopausal Women.

Obesity — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Azrad M, Gower BA, Hunter GR, Nagy TR Abstract Lower serum concentrations of sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) are associated with increased risk for several obesity-related diseases in women including hormone-sensitive cancers, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Previous investigations have reported that body composition, specifically central obesity, and/or higher insulin concentrations are key factors associated with lower SHBG in overweight and obese women; however, these studies were limited by their cross-sectional design. We hypothesized that intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), a fat depot linked with an abnormal metabolic profile, is inversely and independently associated with SHBG. Therefore, we determined the longitudinal associ...

Physical activity benefits bone density and bone-related hormones in adult men with cervical spinal cord injury

European Journal of Applied Physiology — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 16:49:39 +0100

Abstract Severe bone loss is a recognized complication of chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Physical exercise contributes to bone health; however, its influence on bone mass of cervical SCI individuals has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of physical activity on bone mass, bone metabolism, and vitamin D status in quadriplegics. Total, lumbar spine (L1–L4), femur and radius bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed in active (n = 15) and sedentary (n = 10) quadriplegic men by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], PTH, IGF1, osteocalcin and NTx were measured in serum. After adjustments for duration of injury, total body mass, and habitual calcium intake, bone indices...

Association of CDX1 binding site of periostin gene with bone mineral density and vertebral fracture risk

Osteoporosis International — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 07:00:54 +0100

Conclusions Our results suggest POSTN as a candidate gene for BMD variation and vertebral fracture risk. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1861-1Authors S.-M. Xiao, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaY. Gao, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaC.-L. Cheung, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaC. H. Bow, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaK.-S. Lau, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaP. C. Sham, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Univ...

Effect of Dietary Protein Content on Weight Gain, Energy Expenditure, and Body Composition During Overeating: A Randomized Controlled Trial [Original Contribution]

JAMA — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Among persons living in a controlled setting, calories alone account for the increase in fat; protein affected energy expenditure and storage of lean body mass, but not body fat storage. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00565149 (Source: JAMA)

Higher Muscle Mass but Lower Gynoid Fat Mass in Athletes Using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 06:00:00 +0100

This study evaluated the relationship between anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use and body constitution. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD, g·cm−2) of the total body, arms, and legs. Total gynoid and android fat mass (grams) and total lean mass (grams) were measured in 10 strength trained athletes (41.4 ± 7.9 years) who had used AASs for 5–15 years (Doped) and 7 strength trained athletes (29.4 ± 6.2 years) who had never used AASs (Clean). Seventeen sedentary men (30.3 ± 2.1 years) served as Controls. Doped athletes had significantly more lean body mass (85.5 ± 3.8 vs. 75.3 ± 2.5 vs. 60.7 ± 1.9, p < 0.001) and a greater index of fat-free/fat mass (5.8 vs. 2.6 vs. 2.5, p < 0.001) compared with Clean athletes and Controls. Doped athlet...

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The insertional torque of a pedicle screw has a positive correlation with bone mineral density in posterior lumbar pedicle screw fixation.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lee JH, Lee JH, Park JW, Shin YH Abstract In patients with osteoporosis there is always a strong possibility that pedicle screws will loosen. This makes it difficult to select the appropriate osteoporotic patient for a spinal fusion. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and the magnitude of torque required to insert a pedicle screw. To accomplish this, 181 patients with degenerative disease of the lumbar spine were studied prospectively. Each underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and intra-operative measurement of the torque required to insert each pedicle screw. The levels of torque generated in patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia were significantly lower than those achieved in normal patients. Pos...

DXA Payments Slated to Plummet March 1

Clinical Endocrinology News — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Medicare payments for the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry are set to drop on March 1 unless Congress acts to extend the current payment rates for the screening procedure. (Source: Clinical Endocrinology News)

Evaluation of Direct In Vivo Gene Transfer in an Equine Metacarpal IV Ostectomy Model Using an Adenoviral Vector Encoding the Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 and Protein‐7 Gene

Veterinary Surgery — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsAd‐hBMP‐2/‐7 did not improve bone healing in horses at 16 weeks. (Source: Veterinary Surgery)

Relationship between the body adiposity index and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese postmenopausal women

European Journal of Nutrition — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 16:48:55 +0100

Conclusions Estimating % body fat using the BAI seems to accurately trace variations of % body fat after weight loss. However, this index showed differences in predicting cardiometabolic risk factors when compared to % body fat measured using DXA. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00394-011-0296-yAuthors Belinda Elisha, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, CanadaRémi Rabasa-Lhoret, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, CanadaVirginie Messier, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, CanadaJoseph Abdulnour, School of Human Kinetic, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaAntony D. Karelis, Department of Kinanthropology, Université du Québe...

Atypical Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture

The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Si Young Park, Soon Hyuck Lee, Seung Beom HanThe patient was a 72-year-old woman who presented to an emergency department with a chief complaint of severe right thigh pain following a fall. Prior to the fall, the patient reported an 8-month history of worsening right thigh pain. The patient had a 4-year history of alendronate and calcium use to manage her osteoporosis. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) hip images taken 1 month prior to the patient’s fracture demonstrated lateral cortical thickening in the subtrochanteric region of the femur. In retrospect, this finding was concerning for impending complete fracture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(1):44. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.0402 KEY WORDS: bisphosphonates, bone mineral density, dual X-ray absorptiometry, DXA, radiography, thigh pa...

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Inverse association of serum long‐acting natriuretic peptide and bone mineral density in renal transplant recipients

Clinical Transplantation — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Serum LANP concentration correlates negatively with lumbar BMD values in renal transplant recipients. (Source: Clinical Transplantation)

Matched‐cohort study of body composition, physical function, and quality of life in men with idiopathic vertebral fracture

Arthritis Care and Research — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 02:50:24 +0100

ConclusionDespite an association between changes in muscle mass and bone density, routine management of men with idiopathic vertebral fracture does not address muscle loss. Combined with the observation of reduced physical functioning and quality of life, this study identifies novel targets for intervention in men with idiopathic vertebral fracture. (Source: Arthritis Care and Research)

Association of larger holes in the trabecular bone at the distal radius in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to controls

Arthritis Care and Research — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 02:50:22 +0100

ConclusionIn women with type 2 DM, the average hole size within the trabecular bone network at the distal radius is greater compared to controls. This may explain the elevated fracture risk in this population. (Source: Arthritis Care and Research)

Are the benefits of a high‐intensity progressive resistance training program sustained in rheumatoid arthritis patients? A 3‐year followup study

Arthritis Care and Research — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 02:50:20 +0100

ConclusionWe found that long‐term resumption of normal activity resulted in loss of PRT‐induced improvements in LM and strength‐related function, but substantial retention of the benefits in FM reduction and walking ability. The relatively long‐term benefit of reduced adiposity, in particular, is likely to be clinically significant, as obesity is very prevalent among RA patients and is associated with their disability and exacerbated cardiovascular disease risk. (Source: Arthritis Care and Research)

Relationship between early bone mineral density changes and long‐term function and radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis

Arthritis Care and Research — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 02:50:18 +0100

ConclusionHand bone loss during the first year of treatment in early RA, as assessed with DXA, was associated with a high likelihood of radiographic progression; however, in the current study this was not superior to baseline radiographs. Furthermore, it was not associated with patient‐reported outcomes. (Source: Arthritis Care and Research)

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Prospective study of self‐reported pain, radiographic osteoarthritis, sarcopenia progression, and falls risk in community‐dwelling older adults

Arthritis Care and Research — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 02:50:12 +0100

ConclusionKnee and hip pain may directly contribute to the progression of sarcopenia and increased falls risk in older women. (Source: Arthritis Care and Research)

Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) consumption is associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

Bone — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100

Abstract: Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) tea consumption is higher in Argentina and other South American countries than those of coffee or tea (Camellia sinensis). The effects of Yerba Mate on bone health have not previously been explored. From a program for osteoporosis prevention and treatment, postmenopausal women who drank at least 1L of Yerba Mate tea daily during 4 or more years (n=146) were identified, and matched by age and time since menopause with an equal number of women who did not drink Yerba Mate tea. Their bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Yerba Mate drinkers had a 9.7% higher lumbar spine BMD (0.952g/cm2 versus 0.858g/cm2: p (Source: Bone)

Short-term physical activity intervention decreases femoral bone marrow adipose tissue in young children: A pilot study

Bone — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100

The objective of this pilot study was to determine if a short-term physical activity intervention in young children would result in augmentation of geometric properties of bone. Three days per week the intervention group (n=10) participated in 30min of moderate intensity physical activity, such as jumping, hopping and running, and stretching activities, whereas controls (n=10) underwent usual activities during the 10-week intervention period. Femoral bone marrow adipose tissue volume and total body composition were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively, at baseline and after 10weeks. Although after 10-weeks, intergroup differences were not observed, a significant decrease in femoral marrow adipose tissue volume was observed in those parti...

Follicle-stimulating hormone is independently associated with lean mass but not BMD in younger postmenopausal women

Bone — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100

Conclusions: After adjustment for hormonal measures and osteoporosis risk factors, higher concentrations of FSH were independently associated with lower lean mass, but not with BMD. Previously reported correlations between FSH and BMD might have been due to indirect associations via lean mass or weight.Highlights: ► Higher FSH levels were independently associated with lower lean mass but not BMD. ► Correlations between FSH and BMD might be confounded by lean mass or weight. ► Hormonal effects may be less important than weight-bearing effects on BMD. (Source: Bone)

Relationship between placental expression of the imprinted PHLDA2 gene, intrauterine skeletal growth and childhood bone mass

Bone — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100

We examined placental PHLDA2 expression in 102 pregnancies. ► Identified negative correlation between placental PHLDA2 and fetal femur growth. ► Identified negative correlation between placental PHLDA2 and bone density at 4years. ► Placental PHLDA2 may provide a biomarker for suboptimal skeletal growth. (Source: Bone)

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Evaluation of BMP‐2 gene‐activated muscle grafts for cranial defect repair

Journal of Orthopaedic Research — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:50:39 +0100

This study confirms the in vivo osteogenic properties of genetically modified muscle and suggests novel strategies for healing bone. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res (Source: Journal of Orthopaedic Research)

Effect of titrated parenteral nutrition on body composition after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: a double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial.

Am J Clin Nutr — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Parenteral energy intake titrated to energy expenditure does not result in a lower accumulation of BF than does standard energy intake. Neither titrated nor standard PN regimens during HSCT preserve LBM. Alternative approaches to preserve LBM are needed. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as 00115258. PMID: 22205317 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Clin Nutr)

Sucrose-sweetened beverages increase fat storage in the liver, muscle, and visceral fat depot: a 6-mo randomized intervention study.

Am J Clin Nutr — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Daily intake of SSSDs for 6 mo increases ectopic fat accumulation and lipids compared with milk, diet cola, and water. Thus, daily intake of SSSDs is likely to enhance the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00777647. PMID: 22205311 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Clin Nutr)

Bone mineral density is not related to heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty

International Orthopaedics — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 20:05:05 +0100

Conclusions Our findings suggest that generalized BMD is not related to the occurrence of HO after THA in women. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00264-011-1446-9Authors Kunihiko Okano, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki Medical Center, 2-1001-1 Kubara, Omura, 852-8562 JapanKiyoshi Aoyagi, Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, JapanMakoto Osaki, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, JapanSatoru Motokawa, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki Medical Center, 2-1001-1 Kubara, Omura, 852-8562 JapanTomoko Matsumoto, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasa...

Testosterone therapy decreased subcutaneous fat and adiponectin in ageing men.

European Journal of Endocrinology — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our data showed that testosterone therapy decreased subcutaneous fat on the abdomen and lower extremities, but had no significant effect on visceral fat. Moreover, adiponectin levels were significantly decreased during testosterone therapy. PMID: 22190001 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Endocrinology)

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Comparison of calibrated and uncalibrated bone mineral density by CT to DEXA in menopausal women.

Climacteric — Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Uncalibrated measures of thoracic spine vBMD obtained from CT scans of the heart may provide clinically relevant information about bone health and osteoporosis/osteopenia risk in recently menopausal women. PMID: 22175297 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Climacteric)

Reply to comments on the article: Bone remodelling around the Metha short stem in total hip arthroplasty: a prospective dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry study

International Orthopaedics — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 16:55:10 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00264-011-1457-6Authors Matthias Lerch, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, GermanyChristina Stukenborg-Colsman, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Journal International OrthopaedicsOnline ISSN 1432-5195Print ISSN 0341-2695 (Source: International Orthopaedics)

Letter regarding Lerch et al.: Bone remodelling around the Metha short stem in total hip arthroplasty: a prospective dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry study

International Orthopaedics — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 16:55:09 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00264-011-1456-7Authors Owen Diamond, Outcomes Unit, Musgrave Park Hospital, Stockmans Lane, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7JBM. Gavan McAlinden, Outcomes Unit, Musgrave Park Hospital, Stockmans Lane, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7JB Journal International OrthopaedicsOnline ISSN 1432-5195Print ISSN 0341-2695 (Source: International Orthopaedics)

Ethnic and sex differences in bone marrow adipose tissue and bone mineral density relationship

Osteoporosis International — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 06:54:05 +0100

Conclusions An inverse relationship exists between BMAT and BMD in African American and Caucasian men and women. The observed ethnic and sex differences between BMAT and BMD in the present study suggest the possibility that the mechanisms regulating the differentiation and proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells may differ in these populations. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1873-xAuthors W. Shen, New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USAJ. Chen, New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USAM. Gantz, New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USAM. Punyanitya, Ne...

Disturbance of the OPG/RANK/RANKL pathway and systemic inflammation in COPD patients with emphysema and osteoporosis

Respiratory Research — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Radiographic emphysema is correlated with low BMD in current and former smokers with COPD. IL-1-beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, and the osteoporosis-related protein system OPG/RANK/RANKL may have some synergetic effects on emphysema and bone loss in COPD. (Source: Respiratory Research)

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Bone microstructural changes revealed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography imaging and elevated DKK1 and MIP-1{alpha} levels in patients with MGUS

Blood — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Recent population-based studies demonstrate an increased fracture risk with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The etiology of this increased risk remains unclear, however, because areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measurements by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry cannot assess bone microstructural properties critical to determining bone quality and strength. To better define the skeletal effects of MGUS, we performed aBMD and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) measurements in 50 MGUS patients (20 females, 30 males; mean ± SEM age, 70.5 ± 1.4 years) and 100 matched control subjects. Relative to controls, MGUS patients had decreased aBMD at the femoral neck (P = .05) and total femur (P < ...

Performance of Risk Indices for Identifying Low Bone Mineral Density and Osteoporosis in Mexican Mestizo Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

J Rheumatol — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: These findings support the use of some generic indices to identify patients with RA who should undergo DEXA testing. Currently available specific indices did not perform satisfactorily. New specific risk indices for osteoporosis in RA should be developed to increase sensitivity and specificity for predicting osteoporosis. PMID: 22174197 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: J Rheumatol)

Longitudinal Associations of the Endocrine Environment on Fat Partitioning in Postmenopausal Women.

Obesity — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

The objective of this longitudinal study was to identify independent associations of the hormone milieu with fat distribution in postmenopausal women. Fifty-three healthy postmenopausal women, either using or not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were evaluated at baseline and 2 years. The main outcomes were intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, and total thigh fat analyzed by computed tomography scanning and leg fat and total body fat mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum estradiol, estrone, estrone sulfate, total testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and cortisol were assessed. On average, in all women combined, IAAT increased by 10% (10.5 cm(...

Prediction of Whole-Body and Segmental Body Composition by Bioelectrical Impedance in Morbidly Obese Subjects

Obesity Surgery — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 16:39:58 +0100

Conclusions The new equations derived from physical and BIA parameters provide accurate estimates of body composition in MO subjects. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical ResearchPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s11695-011-0570-3Authors Amanda Jiménez, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainWilberto Omaña, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainLílliam Flores, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainMaría José Coves, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, SpainDiego Bellido, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Complejo Hos...

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry influences clinical decisions

MedWire News - Bone Health — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 17:33:15 +0100

The use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry influences management of patients with vertebral fractures in clinical practice, research shows. (Source: MedWire News - Bone Health)

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Aerobic fitness related to cardiovascular risk factors in young children

European Journal of Pediatrics — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 17:12:11 +0100

In conclusion, low VO2PEAK is associated with an elevated composite risk factor score for CVD in both young boys and girls. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original articlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00431-011-1617-0Authors Magnus Dencker, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, SwedenOla Thorsson, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, SwedenMagnus K. Karlsson, Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopaedics, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, SwedenChristian Lindén, Department of Clinical Scie...

Sexual dimorphism of femoral neck cross-sectional bone geometry in athletes and non-athletes: a hip structural analysis study

Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 06:32:59 +0100

This study investigated sexual dimorphism in hip geometry of athletes and age- and sex-matched non-athletes. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the left proximal femur was performed in 62 male (n = 31; 30.2 ± 4.6 years) and female (n = 31; 27.9 ± 5.2 years) competitive endurance runners, and 36 male (n = 18; 28.7 ± 5.8 years) and female (n = 18; 29.1 ± 5.3 years) non-athletes. The hip structural analysis programme determined areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone area (BA), hip axis length, cross-sectional area (CSA), and cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) of the femoral neck. Strength indices were derived from the femoral strength index (FSI) (Yoshikawa et al., J Bone Miner Res 9:1053–1064, 1994). Despite similar...

Should risk of bone fragility restrict weight control for other health reasons in postmenopausal women? – A ten year prospective study

Maturitas — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the health risks of excess body weight in the light of its protective effects on bone fragility.Methods: Femoral neck and lumbar spine dual X-ray absorptiometry was performed for 1970 Finnish women with a mean baseline age of 58.8years (range 53.1–65.7years) in 1994 and 2004. Women were categorized according to baseline BMI into normal (Source: Maturitas)

Regional and Whole-Body Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry to Guide Treatment and Monitor Disease Progression in Neuromuscular Disease

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a safe, noninvasive, inexpensive tool for managing patients with neuromuscular diseases. Regional and whole-body DEXA can be used to guide clinical treatments, such as determining body composition to guide nutritional recommendations, as well as to monitor disease progression by assessing regional and whole-body lean tissue mass. DEXA can also be used as an outcome measure for clinical trials. (Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America)

Which to Use to Evaluate Change in BMD at Follow-Up: RMS-SD or RMS-%CV?

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: There is bias toward the use of root-mean-square standard deviation (RMS-SD) over root-mean-square coefficient of variation (RMS-%CV) to calculate a least significant change (LSC) value that is used to determine if change in bone mineral density (BMD) at follow-up is statistically significant. In part, this bias is based on the assumption that SD is relatively constant over a wide range of BMD as opposed to %CV, which is assumed to increase as BMD decreases. However, evidence to support these assumptions is scant. The purpose of this project was to determine the frequency of discrepancies in interpretation of follow-up data using an LSC based on RMS-SD (LSC-SD) vs RMS-%CV (LSC-%CV). A convenience sample of 100 patients returning for follow-up dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan...

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Forearm Bone Mineral Density Measurement With Different Scanning Positions: A Study in Right-Handed Chinese Using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The purpose of our study was to determine whether different scanning positions influence forearm bone mineral density (BMD) measurements and to evaluate the association between forearm BMDs in different scanning positions and those of other skeleton sites. The study population consisted of 30 right-handed healthy Chinese volunteers. BMD was measured with GE Lunar Prodigy at the left forearm in both sitting and supine positions, and at lumbar spine and the right femur. All subjects received repeated measurements in the same day (repositioning), and the average of repeated BMD results was used for analysis. The BMD precision errors of the nondominant forearm in the sitting and supine positions varied from 1.13% to 2.46%. There were no statistically significant differences between B...

The limited screening value of insulin‐like growth factor‐i as a marker for alterations in body composition in very long‐term adult survivors of childhood cancer

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionThis study shows that IGF‐I has limited value as a marker for alterations in body composition in adult childhood cancer survivors. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

Obesity and survival after stem cell transplant

The Journal of Pediatrics — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 19:07:32 +0100

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation has been a major advancement in treatment. However, as success has improved, the focus on long-term outcomes has increased. There has been concern about both underweight and overweight, and the adverse long-term health effects associated with them. In this issue of The Journal, Mostoufi-Moab et al report on the results of using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to evaluate body composition in 54 children and young adults aged 5-25 years who had been treated with stem-cell transplantation. The authors found that even though height was lower, body mass index was similar to a comparison group. However, lean body mass was lower and fat mass was higher in the stem-cell transplant recipients compared with controls. This emphasized that mor...

A clinical decision rule to enhance targeted bone mineral density testing in healthy mid-life women

Osteoporosis International — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 17:08:10 +0100

Conclusions Among healthy mid-life women receiving a baseline BMD test, few had low bone mass, supporting the need for guidance about testing. A prediction rule with four risk factors had improved sensitivity over the OST. Further validation is warranted. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1862-0Authors G. Hawker, Osteoporosis Research Program, Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, 8th floor, Room 815, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, CanadaA. Mendel, Osteoporosis Research Program, Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, 8th floor, Room 815, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, CanadaM. A. Lam, Osteoporosis Research Program, Women’s College Research...

Resistive vibration exercise retards bone loss in weight-bearing skeletons during 60 days bed rest

Osteoporosis International — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 18:22:48 +0100

Conclusions Our results might imply that the intervention of RVE retarded bone loss induced by simulated microgravity in humans that was mainly attributed to its anabolic effects. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1839-zAuthors H. Wang, State key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100094Y. Wan, State key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China 100094K.-F. Tam, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of ChinaS. Ling, State key Lab of Space Medicine Fun...

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Evidence for visfatin as an independent predictor of endothelial dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome

Clinical Endocrinology — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 22:06:46 +0100

Conclusion Visfatin may be a candidate to play a role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in PCOS, independently of additional risk factors. (Source: Clinical Endocrinology)

Hepatic lipase gene -514C>T variant is associated with exercise training-induced changes in VLDL and HDL by lipoprotein lipase

Journal of Applied Physiology — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Our objective was to test the hypothesis that a common polymorphism in the hepatic lipase (HL) gene (LIPC -514C>T, rs1800588) influences aerobic exercise training-induced changes in TG, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) through genotype-specific increases in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and that sex may affect these responses. Seventy-six sedentary overweight to obese men and women aged 50–75 yr at risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) underwent a 24-wk prospective study of the LIPC -514 genotype-specific effects of exercise training on lipoproteins measured enzymatically and by nuclear magnetic resonance, postheparin LPL and HL activities, body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and computer tomography scan, and aerobic capa...

OPG-Fc Treatment in Growing Pigs Leads to Rapid Reductions in Bone Resorption Markers, Serum Calcium, and Bone Formation Markers

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Horm Metab Res 2011; 43: 944-949DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1295463Inhibition of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is a novel therapeutic option in the treatment of osteoporosis and related diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone metabolism and structure in pigs after RANKL inhibition. 12 growing pigs were assigned to 2 groups with 6 animals each. The OPG group received recombinant human OPG-Fc (5 mg/kg IV) at day 0, the control group was given 0.9% NaCl solution. Serum levels of OPG-Fc, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and bone turnover markers were evaluated every 5 days, and pigs were euthanized on day 20. Serum OPG-Fc concentration peaked at day 5 and coincided with significantly decreased Ca, P, and bone turnover markers. By day 15, measureable OPG-Fc serum levels co...

Lessons learned from an osteoporosis clinical trial in frail long-term care residents.

Clinical Trials — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Clinical research for osteoporosis can be successfully and safely performed with frail residents in long-term care facilities. Lessons learned from this study may inform future investigations among frail elderly residents of these facilities. Clinical Trials 2011; 0: 1-10. http://ctj.sagepub.com. PMID: 22157987 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Trials)

Muscle-Bone Characteristics in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:Relative to their height, PWS patients not treated with GH had normal axial and appendicular BMD, muscle size, and muscle-bone relationships. PMID: 22162467 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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Cost-effectiveness of different screening strategies for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Annals of Internal Medicine — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Many strategies for postmenopausal osteoporosis screening are effective and cost-effective, including strategies involving screening initiation at age 55 years. No strategy substantially outperforms another. Primary Funding Source: National Center for Research Resources. PMID: 22147714 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Internal Medicine)

Tissue-specific expression of Sprouty1 in mice protects against high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation, bone loss and metabolic dysfunction.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Urs S, Henderson T, Le P, Rosen CJ, Liaw L Abstract We recently characterised Sprouty1 (Spry1), a growth factor signalling inhibitor as a regulator of marrow progenitor cells promoting osteoblast differentiation at the expense of adipocytes. Adipose tissue-specific Spry1 expression in mice resulted in increased bone mass and reduced body fat, while conditional knockout of Spry1 had the opposite effect with decreased bone mass and increased body fat. Because Spry1 suppresses normal fat development, we tested the hypothesis that Spry1 expression prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, bone loss and associated lipid abnormalities, and demonstrate that Spry1 has a long-term protective effect on mice fed a high-energy diet. We studied diet-induced obesity in mice with fatty aci...

Estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms in a group of postmenopausal Turkish women: association with bone mineral density.

Climacteric — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions ER gene PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms have no major influence on bone mineral density in our group of postmenopausal women. PMID: 22141363 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Climacteric)

Medicare Payment Cuts For Osteoporosis Testing Reduced Use Despite Tests' Benefit In Reducing Fractures [The Care Span]

Health Affairs — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Bone imaging known as DXA ("dexa")—dual energy x-ray absorptiometry of the central skeleton—is considered the "gold standard" test for osteoporosis, which affects more than fifty million Americans. The tests are associated with improved clinical outcomes through preventing bone fractures. Cuts in Medicare Part B reimbursement for the provision of this preventive imaging in a physician’s office began in 2007 and reached 56 percent below the 2006 level in January 2010. To encourage the use of DXA testing, the Affordable Care Act of 2010 provided partial relief from the cuts for two years (2010–11). Our study found that after a decade of growth, DXA testing in all Part B settings plateaued in 2007–09, resulting in 800,000 fewer tests than expected for M...

A Correlation Exists Between Subchondral Bone Mineral Density of the Distal Radius and Systemic Bone Mineral Density.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research — Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Systemic bone mineral density correlates substantially with the subchondral bone mineral density of the distal radius as a constitutional factor, whereas other local factors arising from the gravitational load or joint reaction force are not associated with the subchondral bone mineral density of the distal radius. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prognostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. PMID: 22139709 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research)

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Long-term treatment with supraphysiological doses of thyroid hormone in affective disorders — effects on bone mineral density

Journal of Affective Disorders — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 14:23:58 +0100

Conclusion: This study did not demonstrate evidence that long-term treatment of affectively ill patients with TSDL accelerates loss of BMD compared to an age- and gender-matched reference population. (Source: Journal of Affective Disorders)

Origin and functional activity of the membrane‐bound glucocorticoid receptor

Arthritis and Rheumatism — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionOur data demonstrate that the human GR gene encodes for both cGR and mGR. Membrane‐bound GR retains functional activity, as indicated by induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK due to DEX‐BSA treatment. Membrane‐bound GR–mediated cellular signaling needs to be investigated further in order to clarify its therapeutic potential. (Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism)

Asymmetric loading and bone mineral density at the asymptomatic knees of patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis

Arthritis and Rheumatism — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionThe risk of developing progressive symptomatic OA in contralateral knees is higher compared to the risk in ipsilateral knees in patients with unilateral hip OA. The present study demonstrates that loading and structural asymmetries appear early in the disease course, while the knees are still asymptomatic. These early biomechanical asymmetries may have corresponding long‐term consequences, providing further evidence for the potential role of loading in OA onset and progression. (Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism)

Reconstructing the 3D Shape and Bone Mineral Density Distribution of the Proximal Femur From Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

IEE Transactions on Medical Imaging — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

The accurate diagnosis of osteoporosis has gained increasing importance due to the aging of our society. Areal bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is an established criterion in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. This measure, however, is limited by its two-dimensionality. This work presents a method to reconstruct both the 3D bone shape and 3D BMD distribution of the proximal femur from a single DXA image used in clinical routine. A statistical model of the combined shape and BMD distribution is presented, together with a method for its construction from a set of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans. A reconstruction is acquired in an intensity based 3D-2D registration process whereby an instance of the model is found that maximizes the simila...

Changes in lower extremity muscle mass and muscle strength after weight loss in obese patients with knee osteoarthritis: A prospective cohort study

Arthritis and Rheumatism — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:Weight loss induced by low‐energy‐diet led to independent losses of leg muscle tissue and strength. The weight loss was accompanied by increased normalized muscle strength alongside improved self reported disability and pain – all of which are beneficial to knee OA patients. The present study suggests that significant weight loss in knee OA patients should be followed by exercise regime to restore or gain muscle mass. (Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism)

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Characteristics of Body Fat, Body Fat Percentage and Other Body Composition for Koreans from KNHANES IV.

J Korean Med Sci — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hong S, Oh HJ, Choi H, Kim JG, Lim SK, Kim EK, Pyo EY, Oh K, Kim YT, Wilson K, Choi WH Abstract Accurate measurement of fat mass has become increasingly important with the increasing incidence of obesity. We assessed fat and muscle mass of Koreans with the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (KNHANES IV). We studied 10,456 subjects (aged 20 to 85 yr; 4,476 men, 5,980 women). Fat and muscle mass were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Reference values of body compositions were obtained using the LMS method. The fat mass index (FMI, body fat mass/height(2); kg/m(2)) of Korean men did not correlate with age (P = 0.452), but those of Korean women (P < 0.001) did. The ratio of percentage of fat in the trunk and legs was positively related wit...

Prevalence of Vertebral Compression Fractures and Associated Factors in Children and Adolescents with Severe Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

J Rheumatol — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Severe JIA is associated with a significant risk of vertebral compression fractures. Associated factors include high disease activity, high BMI, and high recent GC exposure. Further studies are needed to establish optimal prevention and treatment guidelines. PMID: 22133619 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: J Rheumatol)

[Adolescent with anorexia nervosa: Consequences on bone mineralization.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Bone loss in anorexia nervosa is a complication that may be present as early as adolescence. It must be systematically searched for in all adolescents with severe malnutrition because, even if BMD correlated with nutritional parameters, no clinical predictor for osteoporosis or osteopenia could be identified in this study. PMID: 22137016 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives de Pediatrie)

Analysis of body composition methods in a community sample of african american women.

Women and Health — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lopez Iii Y, O'Connor DP, Ledoux TA, Lee RE Abstract The purposes of the authors in this study were: (1) to determine whether published body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis equations agreed with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry body fat percentage measures and (2) to estimate new body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis equations in a sample of African American women. Linear regression was used to determine how well 10 body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis equations reflected dual energy x-ray absorptiometry body fat percentage measures in this sample of 74 African American women; new body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis equations were created using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry body fat percentage measures as t...

Periprosthetic bone mineral density with a cementless triple tapered stem is dependent on daily activity

International Orthopaedics — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 04:53:33 +0100

Conclusion The cementless triple tapered stem maintains periprosthetic bone mineral density. Activity may reflect improving periprosthetic bone quality after THA using a triple tapered stem. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00264-011-1407-3Authors Shinya Hayashi, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017 JapanTakayuki Nishiyama, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017 JapanTakaaki Fujishiro, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017 JapanNoriyuki Kanzaki, Department of Orthopaedic Sur...

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Cannabinoid receptor 1 mediates glucocorticoid‐induced bone loss by perturbing bone acquisition and marrow adipogenesis

Arthritis and Rheumatism — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:CB1 mediates glucocorticoid‐induced suppression of bone formation and marrow fat homeostasis. CB1 antagonism reduces adipogenic and apoptotic reactions in bone microenvironments, thereby abrogating the deleterious effects of glucocorticoid treatment on bone integrity. Modulation of CB1 signaling has therapeutic potential for preventing glucocorticoid‐induced osteopenic disorders. © 2011 American College of Rheumatology. (Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism)

Osteoporosis in psoriatic arthritis: Is there any?

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: In our sample of patients with psoriatic arthritis we did not find increased prevalence of osteoporosis. There was no association of BMD with indices of disease activity, while negative correlation was found between HAQ and total hip BMD. PMID: 22127468 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift)

Characterization of Salvia Miltiorrhiza ethanol extract as an anti-osteoporotic agent

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The preventive effect of SM was presumably due to its anti-oxidative stress partly via modulation of osteoclast maturation and number. In current study, SM appears to be a promising osteoporosis therapeutic natural product. (Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine)

Associations of Gestational Diabetes, Existing Diabetes, and Glycosuria With Offspring Obesity and Cardiometabolic Outcomes.

Diabetes Care — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONMaternal pregnancy glycosuria, gestational diabetes, and existing diabetes show some associations with higher offspring fasting glucose and insulin assessed in adolescence but are not clearly associated with a wider range of cardiometabolic risk factors. PMID: 22124718 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Skim milk powder enhances trabecular bone architecture compared with casein or whey in diet-induced obese rats

Nutrition — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The intake of skim milk powder supplemented with calcium enhances trabecular bone architecture in obese rats consuming HFHS diet to a greater extent than with either casein or whey protein alone. Bioactive ingredients in complete dairy may contribute to these effects. (Source: Nutrition)

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Skeletal Mass in Adolescent Male Athletes and Nonathletes: Relationships with High-Impact Sports

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 23:08:16 +0100

This study examined the relationships between the practice of different categories of sports (high-impact vs. nonimpact) and bone status in adolescent male athletes and investigated differences from an age-matched control group. A total of 54 adolescent male athletes and 26 adolescent nonathletes were evaluated. Bone mineral density, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone area at the whole-body, limbs, and lumbar spine were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, along with total and regional fat-free mass and body fat. The high-impact group included 34 athletes: 9 gymnasts, 18 basketball players, and 7 handball players (age: 15.7 ± 1.6 years; weight: 72.0 ± 15.0 kg; height: 178.5 ± 12.5 cm). The nonimpact group consisted of 20 swimmers (age: 16.4 ± 2.5 years; weight: 66.9 ± 10....

Cinacalcet Hydrochloride Therapy for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Hemodialysis Patients

Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 10:28:30 +0100

This study compared the efficacy of a cinacalcet‐based regimen with unrestricted conventional therapy (vitamin D and phosphate binders) for achieving Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) targets for dialysis patients. In this multicenter, prospective study, hemodialysis patients with poorly controlled secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) were randomized to receive a cinacalcet‐based regimen (n = 55) or a conventional therapy (n = 27). Doses of cinacalcet, vitamin D sterols, and phosphate binders were adjusted during a 12‐week dose‐titration phase to achieve intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels ≤ 31.8 pmol/L. The primary end point was the percentage of patients with values in this range during a 24‐week efficacy‐assessment phase. The clinical re...

Accelerometry-based physical activity and exercise capacity in pediatric kidney transplant patients

Pediatric Nephrology — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 17:44:29 +0100

Conclusion Accelerometry data highlights that not only are PTx patients inactive, the activity they do perform is overall of low intensity. PTx also show compromised exercise capacity and physical fitness. Our results suggest the need to assess PA barriers among PTx. Further research is needed to determine appropriate PA recommendations for children posttransplant. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00467-011-2054-zAuthors Camillia G. Clark, Department of Pediatrics & Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, CanadaMarja Cantell, Department of Pediatrics & Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute for Child a...

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with low bone mineral density in obese children

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The NAFLD was associated with poor bone health in obese children. More severe disease was associated with lower bone mineralisation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and consequences of poor bone mineralisation in children with NAFLD. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Immediate changes of bone density caused by the implantation of a femoral stem - a DEXA study.

Hip International — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Leichtle UG, Leasure J, Martini F, Leichtle CI Abstract Considerable immediate periprosthetic bone density changes after implantation of femoral stems have been observed comparing DEXA measurements taken pre- and post-operatively. This is important in relation to the interpretation of DEXA studies. We analysed these density changes under standardised experimental conditions. Five human femora were implanted with a custom made femoral stem and ten femora with a standard cementless prosthesis. Densitometry was performed at various stages of implantation. Following rasping only slight density changes were noted (-2.7% to +0.7%). Comparing post-implantation and pre-operative measurements, all custom made stems with a proximal press-fit demonstrated clear increases in proximal ...

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Bone tissue metabolism in men with ankylosing spondylitis.

Advances in Medical Sciences — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results indicate that disease duration and higher age are risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with AS. Inflammation might contribute to the accelerated bone loss in AS through stimulation of bone degradation. PMID: 22112431 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Medical Sciences)

Fixation of the fully hydroxyapatite-coated Corail stem implanted due to femoral neck fracture.

Acta Orthopaedica — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Schewelov TV, Ahlborg H, Sanzén L, Besjakov J, Carlsson A Abstract Background Today, dislocated femoral neck fractures are commonly treated with a cemented hip arthroplasty. However, cementing of the femoral component may lead to adverse effects and even death. Uncemented stems may lower these risks and hydroxyapatite (HA) coating may enhance integration, but prosthetic stability and clinical outcome in patients with osteoporotic bone have not been fully explored. We therefore studied fixation and clinical outcome in patients who had had a femoral neck fracture and who had received a fully HA-coated stem prosthesis. Patients and methods 50 patients with a dislocated femoral neck fracture were operated with the fully HA-coated Corail total or hemiarthroplasty. 38 patients...

Duchenne muscular dystrophy in children treated with corticosteroids. Impact on bone mineral density (BMD)

Bone — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100

Reduced mobility and glucocorticoids therapy may cause osteoporosis and fractures in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We analyzed the BMD in 16 boys with DMD treated with deflazacort or methylprednisone evaluating age, time of immobilization, treatment duration, and cumulative dose of corticosteroid therapy. Lumbar L2–L4 BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar, Prodigy). Mean age was (± SD) 11.5±3years (range, 6.3–18.2). Children received deflazacort (0.9mg/kg/day, n=10) or methylprednisone (0.75mg/kg/day, n=6) during 3.8±2.1years (range, 0.75–7), and vitamin D and calcium supplements. The cumulative corticosteroid dose was 28.5±20.3g (range, 6.3–68.4). Weight Z-score was −0.15±1.16 (−1.70 to 2.65), height Z-score was −1.69±0.95 (n: 9...

Change in bone mineral density and tooth loss in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women: a 5-year cohort study

Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 06:57:49 +0100

In conclusion, a significant relationship exists between a change in BMD and the number of lost teeth during 5-year study period in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00774-011-0337-xAuthors Masanori Iwasaki, Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8514 JapanKazutoshi Nakamura, Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510 JapanAkihiro Yoshihara, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata Uni...

Periarticular osteoporosis: a useful feature in the diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthritis? Reliability and validity in a cross-sectional diagnostic study using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Rheumatology — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Periarticular BMD measured with DXA seems not to be a useful diagnostic feature due to strong overlap of BMD values between healthy controls, established RA patients and early arthritis patients. (Source: Rheumatology)

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Influence of vertebral fracture assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on decision-making in osteoporosis: a structured vignette survey

Rheumatology — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. This study shows that VFA results influence patient management, both for radiographs and treatment prescriptions. (Source: Rheumatology)

Ultrasound Measurement of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Thickness Accurately Predicts Total and Segmental Body Fat of Young Adults

Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study evaluated the ability of ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous adiposity to accurately determine whole body and segmental body fat in young adults aged 18–29 years. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness was measured by ultrasound at five body sites in 135 subjects (83 men, 52 women) and compared with the corresponding segmental fat mass measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Ultrasound measures of SAT thickness were strongly correlated to segmental fat mass and total percentage (%) body fat (r = 0.697–0.907, p < 0.01). Prediction equations generated using quantile regression found SAT thickness at the abdomen and thigh to accurately predict % body fat in men (standard error of the estimate, SEE = 1.9%, 95% limits of agreement (LoA); −3.6% to +3.8%) a...

Anthropometric equation for estimation of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in Chinese adults.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 04:24:02 +0100

Authors: Wen X, Wang M, Jiang CM, Zhang YM Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop and cross-validate anthropometric equations for the estimation of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) in Chinese adults. A total of 763 adults aged 18-69 years (345 men and 418 women) were recruited from residents living in four regions (Jinan, Guangzhou, Xi'an and Chengdu) in China. ASM were measured by fan-beam dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Participants' body weight, height, limb circumferences (upper arm, thigh, and calf), waist circumference, and skinfold thicknesses (triceps, thigh, and calf) were measured by trained testers. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: a model-development group (MD group) and a cross-validation group (CV group). Prediction models wer...

Appraising osteoporosis care gaps

Rheumatology International — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 16:53:29 +0100

Abstract To evaluate physician response to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) report within the Geisinger Medical Center’s Mobile DXA Program and treatment adherence at 1 year. Between 10/01/2004 and 3/30/2005, 1381 DXA scans were performed in our Mobile DXA Program. Within this cohort, we identified 366 high-risk, drug-naive patients and report the percentage of patients placed on prescription drug therapy within 90 days of DXA result. Additionally, we identified 191 patients with Z-score of −1.0 or worse and report whether laboratory tests were ordered within 90 days of DXA results in this group. Finally, we determined treatment adherence at 1 year. 269 patients (74%) were offered prescription therapy within 3 months of DXA results. Of tho...

[Is shorter really better? : Philosophy of short stem prosthesis designs.]

Der Orthopade — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

[Is shorter really better? : Philosophy of short stem prosthesis designs.] Orthopade. 2011 Nov 19; Authors: Jerosch J Abstract The presently available short hip stem designs show significant differences and can be differentiated into those containing the neck, those partially containing the neck and neck resection designs. In this article the currently available designs will be presented. Except for the Mayo stem there are no long-term results available. There are significant differences between the the systems especially with respect to reproducibility of the individual anatomy of patients therefore DEXA and DSA studies are needed in order to identify problematic stem designs early before clinical failures are produced in a large number of patients. PMID: 22095459 [Pub...

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The relationship between osteoporosis and periodontitis in women aged 45 to 70 years

Oral Diseases — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Subjects with osteoporosis presented with greater clinical attachment loss than the subjects with normal areal bone mineral density, which suggests a greater severity of periodontitis. Subjects with osteoporosis had greater gingival recession than the subjects with normal areal bone mineral density. Subjects with osteopenia and subjects with normal areal bone mineral density did not differ in clinical attachment loss, which might suggest that the early diagnosis of reduced areal bone mineral density, prior to the establishment of a significant negative impact on the periodontal tissues, might be important. Smoking and menopausal status did not alter these associations. (Source: Oral Diseases)

The relationship between osteoporosis and periodontitis in women aged 45–70 years

Oral Diseases — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Subjects with osteoporosis (OPR) presented with greater CAL than the subjects with normal BMDa, which suggests a greater severity of periodontitis. Subjects with OPR had greater GR than the subjects with normal BMDa. Subjects with osteopenia and subjects with normal BMDa did not differ in CAL, which might suggest that the early diagnosis of reduced BMDa, prior to the establishment of a significant negative impact on the periodontal tissues, might be important. Smoking and menopausal status did not alter these associations. (Source: Oral Diseases)

Viscous Dietary Fiber Reduces Adiposity and Plasma Leptin and Increases Muscle Expression of Fat Oxidation Genes in Rats.

Obesity — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Islam A, Civitarese AE, Hesslink RL, Gallaher DD Abstract Dietary interventions that reduce accumulation of body fat are of great interest. Consumption of viscous dietary fibers cause well-known positive metabolic effects, such as reductions in the postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. However, their effect on body composition and fuel utilization has not been previously studied. To examine this, rats were fed a viscous nonfermentable dietary fiber, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), for 6 weeks. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and fat pad weight. Plasma adipokines, AMP kinase activation, and enzyme and mRNA analysis of key regulators of energetics in liver and soleus muscle were measured. The HPMC diet significantly lo...

A New Method for Body Fat Evaluation, Body Adiposity Index, Is Useful in Women With Familial Partial Lipodystrophy.

Obesity — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, BAI was able to catch differences in adiposity in a sample of FPLD2 patients. It also correlated better with leptin levels than BMI. Therefore, we provide further evidence that BAI may become a more reliable indicator of fat mass content than the currently available measurements. PMID: 22095113 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity)

Concordance of the Recently Published Body Adiposity Index With Measured Body Fat Percent in European-American Adults.

Obesity — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Johnson W, Chumlea WC, Czerwinski SA, Demerath EW Abstract The body adiposity index (BAI; hip circumference (cm)/height (m)(1.5) - 18) has recently been shown to demonstrate a stronger correlation with percentage body fat (%fat) than that between the BMI and %fat in Mexican-American adults. Here, we compare the concordance between %fat from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and BAI, and between %fat and BMI, in European-American adults (n = 623). Agreement between BAI, BMI, and %fat was assessed using Lin's concordance coefficients (ρ(c)), where values <0.90 are considered poor. In the sample as a whole, the agreement between BAI and %fat (ρ(c) = 0.752) was far better than that between BMI and %fat (ρ(c) = 0.445) but was nonetheless relatively poor. There were l...

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Polymorphisms in the human ALOX12 and ALOX15 genes are associated with peak bone mineral density in Chinese nuclear families

Osteoporosis International — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 18:02:05 +0100

Higher Rates of Bone Loss in Postmenopausal HIV-Infected Women: A Longitudinal Study.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:HIV+ postmenopausal minority women had lower BMD, increased bone turnover, and higher rates of bone loss than HIV- women. These features may place these women at increased risk for fracture as they age. PMID: 22090266 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Effect of 12 months of whole-body vibration therapy on bone density and structure in postmenopausal women: a randomized trial.

Annals of Internal Medicine — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Whole-body vibration therapy at 0.3g and 90 or 30 Hz for 12 months did not alter BMD or bone structure in postmenopausal women who received calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Primary Funding Source: Physicians' Services Incorporated Foundation. PMID: 22084333 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Internal Medicine)

Bone Mineral Density, Fracture, and Vitamin D in Adolescents and Young Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Most subjects on DMPA had normal BMD at first DXA. Low spinal BMD was associated with longer DMPA use, and some BMD measurements declined with prolonged use. Fracture history is not an absolute contraindication to DMPA use in this population. Studies are needed to determine possible benefits of vitamin D supplementation in DMPA users. (Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology)

Combined effects of recombinant human BMP-2 and Nell-1 on bone regeneration in rapid distraction osteogenesis of rabbit tibia

Injury — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 17:55:25 +0100

Abstract: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) has been accepted as an effective technique for bone lengthening. However, the long treatment period and possible fibrous union or nonunion hampers its further clinical application. Bone regeneration in DO involves multiple stages of repair and coordinated action of multiple cell types. Consequently, it may be possible to enhance bone regeneration through treatment strategies that target more than one repair process or cell types. The goal of this study was to determine the combined effects of recombinant human bone morephogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) and NEL-like molecule-1 (NELL-1) on bone formation in DO. Unilateral tibiae in 48 rabbits were lengthened for 7days at a rate of 2mm/day after 3-day lag. At the end of distraction, the animals were rando...

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Transgenic overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 11 propeptide in skeleton enhances bone formation.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Li Z, Zeng F, Mitchell A, Kim YS, Wu Z, Yang J Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP11) is a key regulatory protein in skeletal development. BMP11 propeptide has been shown to antagonize GDF11 activity in vitro. To explore the role of BMP11 propeptide in skeletal formation in vivo, we generated transgenic mice with skeleton-specific overexpression of BMP11 propeptide cDNA. The mice showed a transformation of the seventh cervical vertebra into a thoracic vertebra in our previous report. Presently, further characterizations of the transgenic mice indicated that ossification in calvatia was dramatically enhanced in transgenic fetuses at 16.5dpc in comparison with their wild-type littermates. At 10weeks of age, bone mineral content and bone mineral density were significa...

Parental feeding practices and socioeconomic status are associated with child adiposity in a multi-ethnic sample of children.

Appetite — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cardel M, Willig AL, Dulin-Keita A, Casazza K, Mark Beasley T, Fernández JR Abstract Parental feeding practices have been associated with children's weight status, but results have been inconsistent across populations. Research is needed to elucidate the relationship between parental feeding practices and adiposity in diverse populations. The present study tested if: (1) parental feeding practices differed by race/ethnicity, (2) parental pressure to eat and parental restriction were associated with adiposity levels, and (3) to investigate the relationship between parental feeding practices and/or child adiposity with socioeconomic status (SES). Structural equations modeling was conducted to test the model in 267 children aged 7-12years self-identified as African American ...

Impact of a New Sarco-Osteopenia Definition on Health-related Quality of Life in a Population-Based Cohort in Northern Europe

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Sarcopenia has been shown to be a marker of falling; therefore, combining osteopenia and sarcopenia could identify a frailer, higher-fracture-risk population. We aimed to define sarco-osteopenia (SOP) in a population-based healthy young sample using both muscle functional and quantitative parameters and assessing the impact of this definition on health-related quality of life. A population sample of 304 patients aged 25–70 yr was analyzed with a Lunar DPX-IQ dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry machine (GE Healthcare, Pollards Wood, UK), and their health-related quality of life was assessed with the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. SOP was defined as bone mineral density (BMD) −1 standard deviation (SD) and height-adjusted appendicular muscle mass −2 SD and/or grip strength...

Association Between Vascular Calcification and Osteoporosis in Men With Type 2 Diabetes

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, we found a positive association between the iliac artery calcification and osteoporosis in type 2 diabetic male patients. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)