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Increased serum osteopontin is a risk factor for osteoporosis in menopausal women

Osteoporosis International — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 15:34:48 +0100

Conclusion Serum OPN levels could be used as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00198-009-1107-7Authors I.-C. Chang, Chung Shan Medical University Institute of Medicine Chien-Kuo N. Rd Taichung 402 Taiwan Republic of ChinaT.-I. Chiang, Chung Shan Medical University Institute of Medicine Chien-Kuo N. Rd Taichung 402 Taiwan Republic of ChinaK.-T. Yeh, Changhua Christian Hospital Department of Pathology Changhua TaiwanH. Lee, Chung Shan Medical University Institute of Medical and Molecular Toxicology Taichung TaiwanY.-W. Cheng, Chung Shan Medical University Institute of Medicine Chien-Kuo N. Rd Taichung 402 Taiwan Republic of China Journal Osteoporosis Interna...

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Transient osteoporosis of the hip: successful treatment with teriparatide

Rheumatology International — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 15:24:27 +0100

Abstract A 62-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of increasing pain in the left hip. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bone marrow edema (BME) of the left femur, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) showed osteopenia at the same level, whereas pelvis X-rays failed to show any objective findings. After ruling out other possible causes of BME such as aseptic osteonecrosis, infectious arthritis, primary or metastatic malignancy, tuberculosis, osteomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and seronegative spondyloarthropathies, a diagnosis of transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH) was made, and treatment with teriparatide at a daily dose of 20 μg was started and continued for 4 weeks. Disappearance of the symptoms and normalization of MRI were obtained. ...

Quantification of Intermuscular Adipose Tissue in the Erector Spinae Muscle by MRI: Agreement With Histological Evaluation.

Obesity — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Rossi A, Zoico E, Goodpaster BH, Sepe A, Di Francesco V, Fantin F, Pizzini F, Corzato F, Vitali A, Micciolo R, Harris TB, Cinti S, Zamboni M Deposition of fat between skeletal muscle bundles and beneath the muscle fascia, recently called intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), is gaining attention as potential contributor to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, muscle function impairment, and disability. The aim of this study was to compare IMAT as measured at the erector spinae level by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a well-recognized gold standard method to evaluate fat content inside muscles, and histology estimates. In 18 healthy elderly men and women with a wide range of BMI (25.05-35.58 kg/m(2)), undergoing elective vertebral surgery, IMAT within the erector spinae mu...

Sex- and Depot-Dependent Differences in Adipogenesis in Normal-Weight Humans.

Obesity — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tchoukalova YD, Koutsari C, Votruba SB, Tchkonia T, Giorgadze N, Thomou T, Kirkland JL, Jensen MD To elucidate cellular mechanisms of sex-related differences in fat distribution, we determined body fat distribution (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and single-slice abdominal computed tomography (CT)), adipocyte size, adipocyte number, and proportion of early-differentiated adipocytes (aP2(+)CD68(-)) in the stromovascular fraction (SVF) in the upper and lower body of normal-weight healthy men (n = 12) and premenopausal women (n = 20) (age: 18-49 years, BMI: 18-26 kg/m(2)). Women had more subcutaneous and less visceral fat than men. The proportion of early differentiated adipocytes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue SVF of women was greater than in men (P = 0.01), especially in ...

Validation of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure in obese adolescents.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Indirect calorimetry remains the method of choice for REE in overweight and obese adolescents. However, the sex-specific Molnar REE prediction equation appears to be the most accurate for overweight and obese adolescents aged 12-18 y. This trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl with the Netherlands Trial Register as ISRCTN27626398. PMID: 20237141 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Rapid loss of appendicular skeletal muscle mass is associated with higher all-cause mortality in older men: the prospective MINOS study.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The accelerated loss of ASMM is predictive of all-cause mortality in older men regardless of age, BMI, lifestyle, physical performance, health status, body composition, and serum 17beta-estradiol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. PMID: 20237137 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

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Custom uncemented revision stems based on a femoral classification.

Hip International — Tue, 16 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hua J, Walker PS, Muirhead-Allwood SK, Engelhardt F, Bentley G From the outcome of 175 cases, a group of 4 types of custom-designed HA-coated hip stems, based upon an incremental scale of bone condition, was demonstrated to be sufficient for use with the variety of cavitary defects encountered in revision hip surgery. Harris Hip Score evaluation showed a significant improvement in hip pain and function. Radiographic measurements of axial migration over a 4-year period were less than 2 mm. The migration data were similar across the 4 types of revision stem. A follow-up using DEXA scans showed preservation of bone in all regions up to 4 years, which justifies the design rationale for the close fit of the stems in the proximal region in achieving initial stability and strain tran...

Treatment with Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor (rhIGF)-I/rhIGF Binding Protein-3 Complex Improves Metabolic Control in Subjects with Severe Insulin Resistance.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Tue, 16 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 is well tolerated and clinically effective in subjects with SIR. PMID: 20233784 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Efficacy of low doses of pamidronate in osteopenic patients administered in the early post-renal transplant

Osteoporosis International — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 11:30:06 +0100

Conclusion A low dose of pamidronate prevents bone loss in osteopenic patients when administered immediately after RT. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00198-010-1197-2Authors J.-V. Torregrosa, Hospital Clínic Barcelona SpainD. Fuster, Hospital Clínic Barcelona SpainA. Monegal, Hospital Clínic Barcelona SpainM. Á. Gentil, Hospital Virgen del Rocío Sevilla SpainJ. Bravo, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves Granada SpainL. Guirado, Fundació Puigvert Barcelona SpainA. Muxí, Hospital Clínic Barcelona SpainJ. Cubero, Hospital Infanta Cristina Badajoz Spain Journal Osteoporosis InternationalOnline ISSN 1433-2965Print ISSN 0937-941X (Source: Osteoporosis International)

Association of Pericardial Fat With Liver Fat and Insulin Sensitivity After Diet-Induced Weight Loss in Overweight Women.

Obesity — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, cross-sectionally PAT is correlated with VAT, liver fat, and insulin resistance. Longitudinally, the association between PAT and insulin resistance was lost suggesting no causal relationship between the two. PMID: 20224561 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity)

Birth weight is an independent determinant of whole body bone mineral content and bone mineral density in a group of Lebanese adolescent girls

Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:42:20 +0100

In conclusion, this study suggests that birth weight is an independent determinant of whole body BMC and BMD in adolescent girls. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Rapid CommunicationDOI 10.1007/s00774-010-0165-4Authors Rawad El Hage, Université de Balamand Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Biomécanique de la Performance Motrice Al Koura LebanonElie Moussa, Université de Balamand Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Biomécanique de la Performance Motrice Al Koura LebanonAhmad Hammoud, Université de Balamand Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Biomécanique de la Performance Motrice Al Koura LebanonGhada Dandachi, Université de Balamand Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Biomécanique de la Performance Motrice Al Koura LebanonChristophe Jacob, Université de Balamand Laboratoire de P...

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Is protein intake associated with bone mineral density in young women?

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Data from this longitudinal study suggest that a higher protein intake does not have an adverse effect on bone in premenopausal women. Cross-sectional analyses suggest that low vegetable protein intake is associated with lower BMD. PMID: 20219968 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, lean mass, and fat mass in Egyptian children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Articles of Archives of Medical Science - TERMEDIA publishing house — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 16:13:33 +0100

Conclusions: Bone mineral density is normal but bone turnover is low in patients with CAH. There is an increase in fat/lean mass in patients with CAH. (Source: Articles of Archives of Medical Science - TERMEDIA publishing house)

Osteoporosis is a prevalent finding in patients with solid organ failure awaiting transplantation – a population based study

Clinical Transplantation — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Dolgos S, Hartmann A, Isaksen GA, Simonsen S, Bjørtuft Ø, Boberg KM, Bollerslev J. Osteoporosis is a prevalent finding in patients with solid organ failure awaiting transplantation [ndash] a population based studyClin Transplant 2010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2010.01231.x.© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract: Post-transplant bone disease is common in solid organ recipients; however, there is limited information on their pre-transplant bone status. We aimed to compare bone mineral density (BMD) in different categories of patients with end-stage organ failure awaiting transplantation (Tx) in Norway. Overall 291 adult patients were enrolled, including 60, 84, 81 and 66 patients with end-stage lung, liver, kidney and heart failure, respectively. Mean age was 51 ± 12 yr with no significant ...

[Radiological diagnosis of osteoporosis.]

Der Radiologe — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Issever AS, Link TM Having at their disposal a wide range of imaging techniques, radiologists play a crucial role in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with osteoporosis. The radiological tests range from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is the only reference method accepted by the WHO, to conventional radiographs for fracture characterization, to more recent techniques for analyzing trabecular structure, and the findings are decisive in initiating correct management of osteoporosis patients. This review provides an overview of established radiological techniques and an outline of new diagnostic approaches. PMID: 20204594 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Der Radiologe)

Dietary Calcium Intake Is Associated With Less Gain in Intra-Abdominal Adipose Tissue Over 1 Year.

Obesity — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, dietary calcium intake was significantly associated with less gain in IAAT over 1 year in premenopausal women. Further investigation is needed to verify these findings and determine the calcium intake needed to exert beneficial effects on fat distribution. PMID: 20203630 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity)

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Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat accretion in overweight or obese children.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: CLA supplementation for 7 +/- 0.5 mo decreased body fatness in 6-10-y-old children who were overweight or obese but did not improve plasma lipids or glucose and decreased HDL more than in the placebo group. Long-term investigation of the safety and efficacy of CLA supplementation in children is recommended. PMID: 20200257 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

The Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat and Not the Intraabdominal Fat Compartment Is Associated with Anovulation in Women with Obesity and Infertility.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Abdominal fat is increased in anovulatory women due to a significant increase in SAF and not in intraabdominal fat. SAF and especially abdominal and trunk fat accumulation are associated with anovulation. PMID: 20200335 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Adiposity Is Not Altered In Preterm Infants Fed a Nutrient-Enriched Formula After Hospital Discharge.

Pediatric Research — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cooke RJ, Griffin IJ, McCormick K To determine whether adiposity was altered, body size (weight, length) and composition, determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, were examined in preterm infants fed either a nutrient-enriched (A, n = 56), a term infant (B, n = 57) or the nutrient-enriched (discharge-term) plus the term formula (term-6 m; C, n = 26) and a group of breast-fed preterm infants (D, n = 25) at hospital discharge, 3 m, 6 m and 12 m corrected age. The results were analyzed using standard statistics. One hundred and sixty-four infants (birth weight = 1406 +/- 248 g, gestation = 31 +/- 1.7 w) were studied. All infants underwent 'catch-up' but weight and length were greater in infants in A compared to B, C or D. More rapid and complete 'catch-up' was paralleled b...

Osteoporosis in Indian women aged 40–60 years

Archives of Osteoporosis — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 10:06:56 +0100

Conclusion The study group indicated high incidence of decreased bone mass, and significantly lower BMD as compared to western and other Asian counterparts. This study emphasizes on early screening and treatment in study group to avoid long-term complications. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11657-010-0037-5Authors Shankar Acharya, Sir Gangaram Hospital 38, Engineer’s Enclave, Pithampura New Delhi-34 IndiaAbhishek Srivastava, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi IndiaIshita B. Sen, Sir Gangaram Hospital Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET CT New Delhi India Journal Archives of OsteoporosisOnline ISSN 1862-3514Print ISSN 1862-3522 (Source: Archives of Osteoporosis)

Baseline observations from the POSSIBLE EU® study: characteristics of postmenopausal women receiving bone loss medications

Archives of Osteoporosis — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 10:06:55 +0100

Conclusions POSSIBLE EU® characterises postmenopausal women with low bone mass, exhibiting a high rate of prevalent fracture, substantial bone fragility and overall comorbidity burden. Clinical strategies for managing osteoporosis in this population varied across the five participating European countries, reflecting their different guidelines, regulations and standards of care. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11657-010-0035-7Authors Nick Freemantle, University of Birmingham Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Health and Population Sciences Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UKCyrus Cooper, University of Southampton MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre Southampton UKChristian Roux, Paris Descartes University Cochin Hospital, Depa...

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Seventy-year-old habitual volleyball players have larger tibial cross-sectional area and may be differentiated from their age-matched peers by the osteogenic index in dynamic performance

European Journal of Applied Physiology — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 10:01:25 +0100

In conclusion, habitual volleyball players may be differentiated from their matched peers by their dynamic jumping performance, and the differences are reflected in the magnitude but not rate of loading. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00421-010-1400-3Authors T. Rantalainen, University of Jyväskylä Neuromuscular Research Centre, Department of Biology of Physical Activity P. O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä FinlandV. Linnamo, University of Jyväskylä Neuromuscular Research Centre, Department of Biology of Physical Activity P. O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä FinlandP. V. Komi, University of Jyväskylä Neuromuscular Research Centre, Department of Biology of Physical Activity P. O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä FinlandH. Selänne, LIKES Research Center Jyväskyl...

Dose–response effect of 40 weeks of resistance training on bone mineral density in older adults

Osteoporosis International — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 09:59:27 +0100

Conclusions The resistance training programs, regardless of intensity and frequency, were effective in improving BMD of the proximal femur and lumbar spine but not the total body. Both men and women responded similarly for the hip sites but men show a greater response at the lumbar spine than women. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00198-010-1182-9Authors D. A. Bemben, University of Oklahoma Bone Density Research Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science Norman OK 73019 USAM. G. Bemben, University of Oklahoma Bone Density Research Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science Norman OK 73019 USA Journal Osteoporosis InternationalOnline ISSN 1433-2965Print ISSN 0937-941X (Source: Osteoporosis International)

Resistance training in overweight women on a ketogenic diet conserved lean body mass while reducing body fat

Nutrition & Metabolism — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of 10 weeks resistance training in combination with either a regular diet (Ex) or a low carbohydrate, ketogenic diet (Lc+Ex) in overweight women on body weight and body composition. Methods: 18 untrained women between 20 and 40 years with BMI [greater than or equal to] 25 kg*m-2 were randomly assigned into the Ex or Lc+Ex group. Both groups performed 60-100 min of varied resistance exercise twice weekly. Dietary estimates were based on two 4-day weighed records. Body composition was estimated using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and glucose. Results: 16 subjects were included in the analyses. Percentage of energy (En%) from carbo...

Asymptomatic Achilles tendon pathology is associated with a central fat distribution in men and a peripheral fat distribution in women: a cross sectional study of 298 individuals

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: Adiposity is a modifiable factor that has been implicated in tendinopathy. As tendon pain reduces physical activity levels and can lead to weight gain, associations between tendon pathology and adiposity must be studied in individuals without tendon pain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether fat distribution was associated with asymptomatic Achilles tendon pathology. Methods: The Achilles tendons of 298 individuals were categorised as normal or pathological using diagnostic ultrasound. Fat distribution was determined using anthropometry (waist circumference, waist hip ratio [WHR]) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: Asymptomatic Achilles tendon pathology was more evident in men (13%) than women (5%) (p=0.007). Men with tendon pathology were o...

Comparison of Bone Mineral Density Between Porous Tantalum and Cemented Tibial Total Knee Arthroplasty Components

JBJS [Am] — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 18:30:26 +0100

Conclusions: The decrease in bone mineral density of the lateral tibial plateau was less in knees with a Trabecular Metal tibial component following total knee arthroplasty than in knees with a cemented tibial component. Additional research is needed to determine whether long-term clinical benefits are realized with the use of porous tantalum tibial components for total knee arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. (Source: JBJS [Am])

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Tai Chi for osteopenic women: design and rationale of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Results of this study will provide preliminary evidence regarding the value of Tai Chi as an intervention for decreasing fracture risk in osteopenic women. They will also inform the feasibility, value and potential limitations related to the use of pragmatic designs for the study of Tai Chi and related mind-body exercise. If the results are positive, this will help focus future, more in-depth, research on the most promising potential mechanisms of action identified by this study.Trial registration: This trial is registered in Clinical Trials.gov, with the ID number ofNCT01039012. (Source: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders)

Population informatics-based system to improve osteoporosis screening in women in a primary care practice.

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion A population-based informatics system for primary care practice significantly improved the rate of osteoporosis screening. PMID: 20190066 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association)

Effect of vitamin D, calcium and multiple micronutrient supplementation on vitamin D and bone status in Bangladeshi premenopausal garment factory workers with hypovitaminosis D: a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled 1-year intervention.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Islam MZ, Shamim AA, Viljakainen HT, Akhtaruzzaman M, Jehan AH, Khan HU, Al-Arif FA, Lamberg-Allardt C Due to little outdoor activity and low dietary intake of vitamin D (VD), Bangladeshi low-income women are at risk for osteoporosis at an early age. The present study assessed the effect of VD, Ca and multiple micronutrient supplementation on VD and bone status in Bangladeshi young female garment factory workers. This placebo-controlled 1-year intervention randomly assigned 200 apparently healthy subjects (aged 16-36 years) to four groups: VD group, daily 10 mug VD; VD and Ca (VD-Ca) group, daily 10 mug VD+600 mg Ca; multiple micronutrient and Ca (MMN-Ca) group, 10 mug VD and other micronutrients+600 mg Ca; a placebo group. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD), intact parathyro...

Comparison of bone mineral density between porous tantalum and cemented tibial total knee arthroplasty components.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in bone mineral density of the lateral tibial plateau was less in knees with a Trabecular Metal tibial component following total knee arthroplasty than in knees with a cemented tibial component. Additional research is needed to determine whether long-term clinical benefits are realized with the use of porous tantalum tibial components for total knee arthroplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. PMID: 20194329 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume)

Tracking of Bone Mass and Density during Childhood and Adolescence.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Bone density showed a high degree of tracking over 3 yr in children and adolescents. Healthy children with low bone density will likely continue to have low bone density unless effective interventions are instituted. PMID: 20194709 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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Asthma control, adiposity, and adipokines among inner-city adolescents

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Adiposity is associated with poorer asthma control in female subjects. Adiponectin is associated with improved asthma control in male subjects. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

A study on the validity of quantitative ultrasonic measurement used the bone mineral density values on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in young and in middle-aged or older women

Radiological Physics and Technology — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 16:44:27 +0100

Abstract The influence of age and physique on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) was investigated in young, middle-aged, and older women. The validity of the bilateral calcaneal QUS values was investigated regarding the bone mineral density (BMD) values on DXA of the lumbar spine, left femoral neck, and left femur as the optimal standards. The subjects were 55 young women (19.6 ± 1.0 years), and 152 middle-aged and older women (62.9 ± 7.2 years). The BMD on DXA was significantly correlated with the bone strength on QUS in both young and middle-aged or older women, but the positive likelihood ratios of the standard QUS values recommended by the manufacturer to the optimum standards on DXA were low, suggest...

Apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy in the vertebral bone marrow

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

To assess the state of cancellous tissue we analyzed the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in vertebral bone marrow.With 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-shot diffusion echo planar imaging was used with b factors of 0 and 1000 s/mm2, diffusion-sensitizing gradient in six directions, sensitivity encoding technique, effective TE of 74 msec, and TR of 1800 msec. ADC and FA were determined in the lumbar vertebral body of 11 normal subjects (age 31 632-635 years), and then compared with the bone mineral density (BMD) obtained with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Moreover, fat fraction (FF) of the bone marrow was measured with spectral presaturation with inversion recovery (SPIR) in the same subject.A strong negative correlation was found b...

Normative dual energy X-ray absorptiometry data in Swedish children and adolescents

Acta Paediatrica — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study presents normative bone mass data in Swedish children, data that are similar to that in Dutch children but higher than in Canadian and Korean children. The gain in Swedish children seems to mimic the gain seen in children in other settings. (Source: Acta Paediatrica)

Coffee consumption and CYP1A2 genotype in relation to bone mineral density of the proximal femur in elderly men and women: a cohort study

Nutrition & Metabolism — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: High consumption of coffee seems to contribute to a reduction in BMD of the proximal femur in elderly men, but not in women. BMD was lower in high consumers of coffee with rapid metabolism of caffeine, suggesting that rapid metabolizers of caffeine may constitute a risk group for bone loss induced by coffee. (Source: Nutrition & Metabolism)

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Exercise, Body Composition, and Functional Ability: A Randomized Controlled Trial

American Journal of Preventive Medicine — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 15:41:16 +0100

Conclusions: A high-intensity multipurpose exercise program produced significant improvements in body composition and functional ability in a cohort of elderly women living in a community.Trial registration: NCT00267839. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine)

Study Protocol - Accurate assessment of kidney function in Indigenous Australians: aims and methods of the eGFR Study

BMC Public Health - Latest articles — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

DiscussionWe have successfully managed several operational challenges within this multi-centre complex clinical research project performed across remote North, Western and Central Australia. It seems unlikely that a single correction factor (similar to that for African-Americans) to the equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate will prove appropriate or practical for Indigenous Australians. However, it may be that a modification of the equation in Indigenous Australians would be to include a measure of fat-free mass. (Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles)

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Profile and Acylation-Stimulating Protein Levels in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome and Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Many children with PWS had dyslipidemia and high ASP levels. GH improved fat% and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not ASP. High ASP levels may prevent complete normalization of fat%SDS during GH treatment but may contribute in keeping glucose and insulin levels within normal range. PMID: 20173020 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Downregulation of ADIPOQ and PPARgamma2 Gene Expression in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Obese Adolescents With Hepatic Steatosis.

Obesity — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kursawe R, Narayan D, Cali AM, Shaw M, Pierpont B, Shulman GI, Caprio S Hepatic steatosis is associated with hypoadiponectinemia. The mechanism(s) resulting in lower serum adiponectin levels in obese adolescents with fatty liver is unknown. In two groups of equally obese adolescents, but discordant for hepatic fat content, we measured adiponectin, leptin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) gene expression in the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Twenty six adolescents with similar degrees of obesity underwent a subcutaneous periumbilical adipose tissue biopsy, in addition to metabolic (oral glucose tolerance test, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), and imaging studies (magnetic resonance im...

Effects of a high-fat meal on pulmonary function in healthy subjects

European Journal of Applied Physiology — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 18:27:55 +0100

Abstract Obesity has important health consequences, including elevating risk for heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. A high-fat diet is known to contribute to obesity. Little is known regarding the effect of a high-fat diet on pulmonary function, despite the dramatic increase in the prevalence of respiratory ailments (e.g., asthma). The purpose of our study was to determine whether a high-fat meal (HFM) would increase airway inflammation and decrease pulmonary function in healthy subjects. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) (forced expiratory volume in 1-s, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of vital capacity) and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO; airway inflammation) were performed in 20 healthy (10 men, 10 women), inactive subjects (age 21.9 ± 0.4...

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Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin was inversely associated with plasma glucose level and fat mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Osteoporosis International — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 18:26:48 +0100

Conclusions These findings suggest that ucOC is associated with plasma glucose level and fat mass in men with type 2 diabetes. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00198-010-1184-7Authors I. Kanazawa, Shimane University Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine 89-1 Enya-cho Izumo Shimane 693-8501 JapanT. Yamaguchi, Shimane University Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine 89-1 Enya-cho Izumo Shimane 693-8501 JapanM. Yamauchi, Shimane University Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine 89-1 Enya-cho Izumo Shimane 693-8501 JapanM. Yamamoto, Shimane University Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine 89-1 Enya-cho Izumo Shimane 693-8501 JapanS. Kurioka, Shimane University Department of I...

Key questions on osteoporosis

Pulse Today Clinical Updates — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Dr Alun Cooper, GP and member of the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group, answers GP Dr Sabby Kant’s questions on DXA scans, fracture risk tools, medications, lifestyle interventions and dietary supplements (Source: Pulse Today Clinical Updates)

Key questions on osteoporosis (1.5 CPD hours)

Pulse Today Clinical Updates — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Effects of Teriparatide, Alendronate, or Both in Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Alendronate reduces the ability of teriparatide to increase BMD and bone turnover in women. PMID: 20164296 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Genome-Wide Association Study of Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal European-American Women and Replication in African-American Women.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Evidence of association to several novel loci was detected in a GWAS of premenopausal EA women, and SNPs in one of these loci also provided supporting evidence in a sample of AA women. PMID: 20164292 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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High adiposity and high body mass index-for-age in US children and adolescents overall and by race-ethnic group.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Current BMI cutoffs can identify a high prevalence of high adiposity in children with high BMI-for-age and a low prevalence of high adiposity in children with normal BMI-for-age. By these adiposity measures, less than one-half of children with intermediate BMIs-for-age (85th to <95th percentile) have high adiposity. Differences in high BMI ranges between race-ethnic groups do not necessarily indicate differences in high adiposity. PMID: 20164313 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Brain and high metabolic rate organ mass: contributions to resting energy expenditure beyond fat-free mass.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Relatively small interindividual variation in HMRO mass significantly affects REE and reduces the role of age, race, and sex in explaining REE. Decreases in REE with increasing age may be partly related to age-associated changes in the relative size of FFM components. PMID: 20164308 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Treatment of osteoporosis after liver transplantation with ibandronate

Transplant International — Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Osteoporosis is a major side-effect after liver transplantation (LTX). Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of ibandronate to reduce fractures after LTX. Seventy-four patients after LTX were included in the study and measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine and proximal femur using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were performed prior to and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. The study group (IBA) consisted of 34 patients who received calcium (1 g/day), vitamin D3 (800[ndash]1000 IE/day) and ibandronate 2 mg every 3 months intravenously for 1 year. The control group consisted of 40 patients (CON) who received calcium and vitamin D3 at the same dosages. Prevalence of new fractures was predefined as primary endpoint. Changes of BMD an...

Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial of Five Different Arms of Treatment in 332 Patients with Cancer Cachexia.

The Oncologist — Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. The most effective treatment in terms of all three primary efficacy endpoints and the secondary endpoints appetite, IL-6, GPS, and ECOG PS score was the combination regimen that included all selected agents. PMID: 20156909 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Oncologist)

Is 3T-MR Spectroscopy a Predictable Selection Tool in Prophylactic Vertebroplasty?

CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology — Sat, 13 Feb 2010 06:45:55 +0100

This study was designed to confirm relationships between decrease of bone mineral density and increase of marrow fat and to delineate, through MR spectroscopy, vertebral body at high risk for compression fracture onset to justify prophylactic vertebroplasty. We enrolled 127 women: 48 osteoporotic, 36 osteopenic, and 43 normal subjects, who underwent DXA and MR examination of spine. Then, we selected 48 patients with at least two acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures with interposed normal “sandwich” vertebrae; all patients underwent MR examination of spine. Significant statistical differences were found among “Fat Fraction” (FF) values in normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic subjects: 59.8 ± 5.1%; 64.8 ± 4.4%; and 67.1 ± 3.3%. A mild, signific...

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Clinical Tools to Evaluate Bone Strength

Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 07:32:42 +0100

Abstract Although dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) has proven its clinical utility, there are many limitations to using areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measured by DXA to predict bone strength and fracture risk. Recent advances in imaging techniques including quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have led to non-invasive assessment of bone macro-architecture and micro-architecture. Analysis techniques such as finite element (FE) modelling use image data to estimate the ability of a bone to carry load, and provide new insight into treatment effects and fracture risk. QCT and MRI can image clinically relevant sites such as the lumbar spine and proximal femur. High-resolution peripheral QCT (HR-pQCT) offers superior resolution at periph...

Adverse effects of valproate on bone: Defining a model to investigate the pathophysiology

Epilepsia — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Mouse strains sensitive and resistant to the adverse bone effects of chronic valproate treatment were identified. The strain-specific effects suggest a role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of AED-induced bone disease. This novel model provides a new, powerful tool to investigate the pathophysiology and therapy of AED-associated bone disease. (Source: Epilepsia)

Hand bone mineral density is associated with both total hip and lumbar spine bone mineral density in post-menopausal women with RA

Rheumatology — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 12:45:03 +0100

Conclusions. This study suggests that hand DXR-BMD is associated with both the total hip and lumbar spine BMD among post-menopausal women with RA. The relationship between bone loss in the hands and generalized osteoporosis should be further explored in longitudinal studies of patients with RA. (Source: Rheumatology)

Similarity in Percent Body Fat Between White and Vietnamese Women: Implication for a Universal Definition of Obesity.

Obesity — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study sought to test this assumption by comparing the PBF between US white and Vietnamese women. The study was designed as a comparative cross-sectional investigation. In the first study, 210 Vietnamese women ages between 50 and 85 were randomly selected from various districts in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). In the second study, 419 women of the same age range were randomly selected from the Rancho Bernardo Study (San Diego, CA). In both studies, lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (QDR 4500; Hologic). PBF was derived as FM over body weight. Compared with Vietnamese women, white women had much more FM (24.8 +/- 8.1 kg vs. 18.8 +/- 4.9 kg; P < 0.0001) and greater PBF (36.4 +/- 6.5% vs. 35.0 +/- 6.2%; P = 0.012). However, there was ...

Influence of Leptin, Adiponectin, and Resistin on the Association Between Abdominal Adiposity and Arterial Stiffness.

American Journal of Hypertension — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the hypothesis that leptin explains, in part, the observed relationship between abdominal adiposity and arterial stiffness. Adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are independent correlates of PWV.American Journal of Hypertension (2010). doi:10.1038/ajh.2010.8. PMID: 20150891 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Hypertension)

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Efficacy and safety of monthly ibandronate in men with low bone density

Bone — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Introduction: Monthly oral ibandronate is indicated for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The STudy Researching Osteoporosis iN Guys (STRONG) investigated the efficacy and safety of 150-mg monthly oral ibandronate in men with primary, idiopathic, or hypogonadism-related low bone density.Methods: STRONG was a 1-year, placebo-controlled, randomized (2 ibandronate: 1 placebo), double-blind study that enrolled ambulatory men aged ≥30 years with baseline femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores ≤−2.0 and lumbar spine (LS) BMD T-scores ≤−1.0 or LS BMD T-scores ≤−2.0, FN BMD T-scores ≤−1.0, and BMD T-scores ≥−4.0 at any site assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The primary endpoint was mean percent change f...

Plasma Adipokines, Bone Mass, and Hip Geometry in Rural Chinese Adolescents.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We demonstrated that adiponectin and leptin were inversely associated with adolescent bone phenotypes but showed differential associations by gender, type of bone phenotypes, and adjustment of FM. This study also suggested that adipokines and bone phenotypes may share a common set of genes. PMID: 20147582 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Increased circulating adiponectin levels and decreased leptin/soluble leptin receptor ratio throughout puberty in female ballet dancers: Association with body composition and the delay in puberty.

European Journal of Endocrinology — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion A negative energy balance together with maintained physical exercise induced modifications in body composition in BD. Changes in leptin and adiponectin levels appear to be more related to total fat content than to BMI. Furthermore, the onset and delayed progress of puberty may be related with an inadequate energy balance due to increased exercise. PMID: 20145046 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Endocrinology)

Models to predict changes in serum IGF-I and body composition in response to growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in GH deficient (GHD) adults.

European Journal of Endocrinology — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Accurate mathematical models to predict GH responsiveness in GHD adults were developed using gender, body height, baseline LBM and serum insulin levels as the major clinical predictors. PMID: 20145045 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Endocrinology)

The effect of strength training and short-term detraining on maximum force and the rate of force development of older men

European Journal of Applied Physiology — Sat, 06 Feb 2010 17:59:58 +0100

This study examined the effect of strength training (ST) and short-term detraining on maximum force and rate of force development (RFD) in previously sedentary, healthy older men. Twenty-four older men (70–80 years) were randomly assigned to a ST group (n = 12) and C group (control, n = 12). Training consisted of three sets of six to ten repetitions on an incline squat at 70–90% of one repetition maximum three times per week for 16 weeks followed by 4 weeks of detraining. Regional muscle mass was assessed before and after training by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Training increased RFD, maximum bilateral isometric force, and force in 500 ms, upper leg muscle mass and strength above pre-training values (14, 25, 22, 7, 90%, respectively; P...

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The prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with severe hip and knee osteoarthritis awaiting joint arthroplasty

Age and Ageing — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 21:47:48 +0100

Conclusions: in summary, a significant proportion of patients with end-stage OA have osteoporosis but this diagnosis may be missed unless BMD measurements are performed at sites distant from joints affected by OA. (Source: Age and Ageing)

Equal BMD After Daily or Triweekly Exercise in Growing Rats

International Journal of Sports Medicine — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 15:44:35 +0100

Int J Sports Med 2010; 31: 44-50DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1239560AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of continuous resistance training (3 days/wk) compared to interrupted resistance training where 20–24 h separated an exercise bout (i. e. 6 days/wk) for enhancing bone mineral density (BMD) in growing male rats. The total volume of work performed per week between the two resistance training programs was equivalent by design. Young male rats were randomly divided into Control (Con, n=9), 3 days/wk resistance trained group (RT3, n=9), and 6 days/wk resistance trained group (RT6, n=9). The RT3 and RT6 groups were conditioned to climb a vertical ladder with weights appended to their tail for a total of 6 wks. After 6 wks, BMD (assess...

Football for fighting fat

NHS News Feed — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 12:29:00 +0100

Conclusion This was a very small study that showed that both football and running improved fitness over a 12-week period, by reducing body fat and improving lung function. However, while The Daily Telegraph suggested that the footballers saw their blood pressure fall by an average of twice as much as the runners, this is misleading. The researchers did not find a statistically significant difference in the blood pressure reduction seen between the groups. Other points to note: Although it was possible to compare the before and after effects for each type of exercise, and some of the differences found were statistically significant, the numbers in the study were too small to compare which type of exercise is better for you. The cholesterol levels in the three study groups varied prior ...

Detection of vertebral fractures in DXA VFA images using statistical models of appearance and a semi-automatic segmentation

Osteoporosis International — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 08:33:40 +0100

Conclusion Specificity and sensitivity are improved by using an appearance-based classifier compared to standard height ratio morphometry. An overall sensitivity loss of 7% occurs (at 95% specificity) when using a semi-automatic (AAM) segmentation compared to expert annotation, due to segmentation error. However, the classifier sensitivity is still adequate for a computer-assisted diagnosis system for vertebral fracture, especially if used in a triage approach. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00198-009-1169-6Authors M. G. Roberts, University of Manchester Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering Stopford Building, Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UKE. M. B. Pacheco, University of Manchester Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering ...

Reduced cortical bone density with normal trabecular bone density in girls with Turner syndrome

Osteoporosis International — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 08:33:40 +0100

This study of 22 girls with Turner syndrome (TS) demonstrates a reduction in bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) at the femoral neck along with a reduction in cortical bone density at the radius (with sparing of trabecular bone). These findings may account for the increased fracture risk noted in this population. Introduction Increased fracture risk is a feature of TS; however, the reasons for this are unclear. Little is known regarding cortical and trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) in TS. We have addressed this by measurement of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Methods We studied 22 females with TS and 21 females without TS; mean ages 12.7 and 12.9 years, respectively. Bone ma...

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Adipocytes IGFBP-2 Expression in Prepubertal Obese Children.

Obesity — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, circulating IGFBP-2 was positively associated with insulin sensitivity. IGFBP-2 was expressed by subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes of obese children and increased with adiposity, independently from the level of insulin sensitivity. IGFBP-2 expression may potentially be one of the local mechanisms used by adipocytes to limit further fat gain. PMID: 20134415 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity)

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin as an Independent Determinant of Cortical Bone Status in Men at the Age of Peak Bone Mass.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In this population of healthy adult men at the age of peak bone mass, SHBG levels were positively associated with cortical bone size, independently from sex-steroid levels. This suggests a possible independent role of SHBG in the determination of adult bone size. PMID: 20133463 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

The impact of the CAG-repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene on muscle and adipose tissues in 20-29 year-old Danish men: Odense Androgen Study.

European Journal of Endocrinology — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The CAG-repeat polymorphism affects body composition in young men: Absolute Muscle(Thigh) and absolute Muscle(LowerTrunk) increase as CAG(N) decrease. Expressed relatively, muscle areas and LBM increase, while subcutaneous adipose tissues and FM decrease as CAG(N) decrease. The polymorphism does not affect deep adipose tissues or circulating androgens levels in young men. PMID: 20133446 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Endocrinology)

Response to zolendronic acid in children with type III osteogenesis imperfecta

Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 17:53:42 +0100

The objective of our analysis was to study the response to zolendronic acid in children with type III OI. The case records of subjects with type III OI receiving zolendronic acid in the past 3 years between February 2006 and March 2009 were analyzed. Relevant details were recorded on a predesigned chart. Subjective improvement, reduction in number of fractures, and the DEXA scan Z-score were used to judge improvement. Five OI type III cases were followed up in the Genetic clinic. Presentation was from neonatal period to 7 years of age; M:F ratio was 3:2. Average duration of therapy given was 20.4 months. Improvement was noted in all patients, in the form of reduction in frequency of fractures (P = 0.002) and increase in bone density on DEXA scan (P = ...

The mode of school transportation in pre-pubertal children does not influence the accrual of bone mineral or the gain in bone size - two year prospective data from the paediatric osteoporosis preventive (POP) study

BioMed Central — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: A physically active transportation to school for two years is in pre-pubertal children not associated with a higher accrual of BMC or bone width than a passive mode of transportation, possibly due to the fact that the everyday physical activity in these pre-pubertal children, independent of the mode of school transportation, was high. (Source: BioMed Central)

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Skeletal Effects of Interventions in Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Meta-Analysis.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Surgical treatment and antiresorptive therapies increase BMD in mild PHPT to a similar degree, and each represents a reasonable option in a patient with mild PHPT and low BMD. Rapid bone loss does not occur in untreated mild PHPT, such that monitoring of BMD less frequently than every 1-2 yr is reasonable in individuals for whom intervention is not immediately required. PMID: 20130069 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Birth Weight in Relation to Sex Steroid Status and Body Composition in Young Healthy Male Siblings.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Birth weight and paternal steroid concentrations are associated with testosterone concentrations, independent from adult weight. These findings support the concept of in utero programming across the range of birth weight. PMID: 20130068 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

[Clinical characteristics of patients under treatment for osteoporosis in a Primary Care Centre. Who do we treat?]

Atencion Primaria — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 50% of treatments are not well indicated and a high percentage of our clinical histories do not record risk factors correctly. We should improve our clinical histories, as we are responsible for identifying, studying, evaluating, treating and controlling the progress of osteoporosis. PMID: 20129712 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Atencion Primaria)

Birth weight and bone mass in young adults from Brazil

Bone — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Background: Birth weight is positively associated with adult bone mass. However, it is not clear if its effect is already evident in early adulthood.Objective: To investigate the association between birth weight, adult body size, the interaction between them and bone mass in young adults.Methods: Bone densitometry by DXA was performed on 496 individuals (240 men) aged 23–24 years from the 1978/79 Ribeirão Preto (southern Brazil) birth cohort, who were born and still residing in the city in 2002. Birth weight and length as well as adult weight and height were directly measured and converted to z-scores. The influence of birth weight and length, and adult weight and height on bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, proximal ...

Ge Healthcare - DPX-Bravo/Duo - Class 2 Recall

Medical Device Recalls since July 07, 2006 — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 02:00:17 +0100

DPX-Bravo/Duo, GE Lunar DEXA bone densitometers operating with enCORE software versions 12.0, 12.1, 12.2,13.0, & 13.1. The systems provide an estimate of BMD. (Source: Medical Device Recalls since July 07, 2006)

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Ge Healthcare - iDXA - Class 2 Recall

Medical Device Recalls since July 07, 2006 — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 02:00:17 +0100

iDXA, GE Lunar DEXA bone densitometers operating with enCORE software versions 12.0, 12.1, 12.2,13.0, & 13.1. The systems provide an estimate of BMD (Source: Medical Device Recalls since July 07, 2006)

Ge Healthcare - DPX-NT series - Class 2 Recall

Medical Device Recalls since July 07, 2006 — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 02:00:17 +0100

DPX-NT series, GE Lunar DEXA bone densitometers operating with enCORE software versions 12.0, 12.1, 12.2,13.0, & 13.1. The systems provide an estimate of BMD. (Source: Medical Device Recalls since July 07, 2006)

Ge Healthcare - DPX-MD series - Class 2 Recall

Medical Device Recalls since July 07, 2006 — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 02:00:17 +0100

DPX-MD series, GE Lunar DEXA bone densitometers operating with enCORE software versions 12.0, 12.1, 12.2,13.0, & 13.1. The systems provide an estimate of BMD. (Source: Medical Device Recalls since July 07, 2006)

Ge Healthcare - Prodigy 1-8 series - Class 2 Recall

Medical Device Recalls since July 07, 2006 — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 02:00:17 +0100

Prodigy 1-8 series, GE Lunar DEXA bone densitometers operating with enCORE software versions 12.0, 12.1, 12.2,13.0, & 13.1. The systems provide an estimate of BMD (Source: Medical Device Recalls since July 07, 2006)

Physical activity for prevention of osteoporosis in patients with severe haemophilia on long-term prophylaxis

Haemophilia — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Summary. Physical activity has been considered as an important factor for bone density and as a factor facilitating prevention of osteoporosis. Bone density has been reported to be reduced in haemophilia. To examine the relation between different aspects of physical activity and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with severe haemophilia on long-term prophylaxis. The study group consisted of 38 patients with severe haemophilia (mean age 30.5 years). All patients received long-term prophylaxis to prevent bleeding. The bone density (BMD g cm[minus]2) of the total body, lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck and trochanter was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity was assessed using the self-report Modifiable Activity Questionnaire, an instrument which collects inf...

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Dietary patterns in Canadian men and women ages 25 and older: relationship to demographics, body mass index, and bone mineral density

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In summary, we found no consistent relationship between diet and BMD despite finding a positive association between a diet high in energy dense foods and higher body mass index and a strong correlation between body mass index and BMD. Our data suggest that some factor related to the energy dense dietary pattern may partially offset the advantages of higher body mass index with regard to bone health. (Source: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders)

Adenosine A1 receptors regulate bone resorption in mice: Adenosine A1 receptor blockade or deletion increases bone density and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss in adenosine A1 receptor-knockout mice

Arthritis and Rheumatism — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Accelerated osteoclastic bone resorption plays a central role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Because identifying the molecular pathways that regulate osteoclast activity provides a key to understanding the causes of these diseases and developing new treatments, we studied the effect of adenosine A1 receptor blockade or deletion on bone density.The bone mineral density (BMD) in adenosine A1 receptor-knockout (A1R-knockout) mice was analyzed by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning, and the trabecular and cortical bone volume was determined by microfocal computed tomography (micro-CT). The mice were ovariectomized or sham-operated, and 5 weeks after surgery, when osteopenia had developed, several parameters were analyzed by DXA scanning and micro-CT. A histol...

Under-reporting of food intake is frequent among Brazilian free-living older persons: a doubly labelled water study.

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study aimed to verify the total energy expenditure (TEE) of independent older Brazilians living in an urban area, through the doubly labelled water (DLW) method and to compare it with the reported energy intake obtained through the application of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Initially, 100 volunteers aged from 60 to 75 years had their body composition determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Five volunteers of each quartile of body fat percentage had their energy expenditure determined by DLW. The mean age of the subjects included in this phase of the study was 66.4 +/- 3.5 years, and ten of the subjects were men. The mean TEE was 2565 +/- 614 and 2154 +/- 339 kcal.day(-1) for men and women, respectively. The Physical Activity Level (PAL) was 1.58 +/- 0.31 and 1...

Energy expenditure in obesity associated with craniopharyngioma

Child's Nervous System — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 20:25:28 +0100

Conclusions Lower REE may be a factor contributing to obesity in children with craniopharyngioma. Further study is needed into the mechanisms for reduced energy expenditure in patients with craniopharyngioma. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00381-009-1078-1Authors Roy J. Kim, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Endocrinology 34th and Civic Center Blvd Philadelphia PA 19104 USARachana Shah, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Endocrinology 34th and Civic Center Blvd Philadelphia PA 19104 USAAndy M. Tershakovec, Merck & Co., Inc. North Wales PA USABabette S. Zemel, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Philadelphia PA USALeslie N. Sutton, Children’s Hospital of Philad...

Adiposity is inversely related to insulin sensitivity in relatively lean Chinese adolescents: a population-based twin study.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: In these relatively lean Chinese adolescents, WC and %BF (quintile 5) are the adiposity measures most consistently and strongly associated with decreased IS in both sexes. To a large degree, shared genetic factors contribute to this association. PMID: 20107193 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

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Height Adjustment in Assessing Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Measurements of Bone Mass and Density in Children.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Most methods to adjust BMC/BMD Z-scores for height were biased by age and/or HAZ. Adjustments using HAZ were least biased relative to HAZ and age and can be used to evaluate the effect of short or tall stature on BMC/BMD Z-scores. PMID: 20103654 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Bone mineral density and prevalent osteoarthritis of the hip in older men for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group

Osteoporosis International — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 16:57:47 +0100

Conclusion Older men, with both moderate and severe RHOA, had significantly higher aBMD and integral vBMD at the hip and lumbar spine compared to controls without RHOA. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00198-009-1105-9Authors R. K. Chaganti, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco CA USAN. Parimi, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute San Francisco CA USAT. Lang, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco CA USAE. Orwoll, Oregon Health Sciences University Portland OR USAM. L. Stefanick, Stanford University Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine Palo Alto CA USAM. Nevitt, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco CA USAN. E. Lane, University of California at D...

Moderate energy restriction with high protein diet results in healthier outcome in women

BioMed Central — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: The present study compares two different weight reduction regimens both with moderately high protein intake on body composition, serum hormone concentration and strength performance in non-competitive female athletes. Methods: Fifteen normal weighted women involved in recreational resistance training and aerobic training were recruited for the study (age 28.5 +/- 6.3 yr, height 167.0 +/- 7.0 cm, body mass 66.3 +/- 4.2 kg, body mass index 23.8 +/- 1.8, mean +/- SD). They were randomized into two groups. The group 1KG (n=8; energy deficit 1100 kcal/day) was supervised to reduce body weight with 1 kg per week and the group 0.5KG (n=7; energy deficit 550 kcal/day) with 0.5 kg per week, respectively. In both groups protein intake was kept at least 1.4 g/kg body weight/day and the we...

Bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in hypertensive postmenopausal women on treatment

Maturitas — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results add evidence to the idea that thiazides are beneficial to prevent bone loss. (Source: Maturitas)

Socioeconomic status and bone mineral density in a population-based sample of men

Bone — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Overall, socioeconomic status (SES) is inversely associated with poorer health outcomes. However, current literature provides conflicting data of the relationship between SES and bone mineral density (BMD) in men. In an age-stratified population-based randomly selected cross-sectional study of men (n=1467) we assessed the association between SES and lifestyle exposures in relation to BMD. SES was determined by matching the residential address for each subject with Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006 census data for the study region. BMD was measured at the spine and femoral neck by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Lifestyle variables were collected by self-report. Regression models were age-stratified into younger and older groups and adjusted for age, weight, dietary calcium, ...

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Therapy of hypoparathyroidism with intact parathyroid hormone

Osteoporosis International — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 10:06:59 +0100

Conclusion PTH(1–84) treatment in hypoparathyroidism significantly reduces supplemental calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D requirements without generally altering serum and urinary calcium levels. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00198-009-1149-xAuthors M. R. Rubin, Columbia University Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, College of Physicians and Surgeons 630 W. 168th St. New York NY 10032 USAJ. Sliney, Columbia University Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, College of Physicians and Surgeons 630 W. 168th St. New York NY 10032 USAD. J. McMahon, Columbia University Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, C...

Bone mineral density and parathyroid function in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

International Urology and Nephrology — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 11:05:43 +0100

Conclusions Low PTH levels are not associated with low BMD in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Furthermore, bone metabolism seems to be independent of iPTH in patients with relative hypoparathyroidism likely reflecting skeletal resistance to PTH. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Nephrology - Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s11255-009-9702-2Authors Cs. Ambrus, Semmelweis University 1st Department of Internal Medicine 2/a Koranyi S. u. 1083 Budapest HungaryCs. Almasi, Semmelweis University 1st Department of Internal Medicine 2/a Koranyi S. u. 1083 Budapest HungaryK. Berta, Semmelweis University Fresenius Medical Care, Dialysis Center Budapest HungaryGy. Deak, Semmelweis University 1st Department of Internal Medicine 2/a Koranyi S. u. 1083 Budapest HungaryA. Marton, ...

Body composition in home haemodialysis versus conventional haemodialysis: a cross-sectional, matched, comparative study

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 09:33:20 +0100

Conclusion. Surrogate nutritional markers and inflammatory parameters improved with more intensive dialysis, but this was not reflected by improved body composition. Further prospective studies are required to confirm whether more intensive dialysis affects body composition, and whether this impacts on metabolic risk and clinical outcome. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

MeReC Bulletin: Management of osteoporosis in a post-menopausal woman

NeLM - Rheumatology — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Source: MeReC Bulletin Area: News This MeReC Bulletin describes the management of a postmenopausal woman with risk factors for osteoporosis in a case-study format and addresses the following questions: . What factors increase the risk of osteoporotic fracture? . Should this patient be referred for a DXA scan? . What advice should be offered to the patient? . Should drug treatment be prescribed now for this patient? . Should this patient's treatment be changed? (Source: NeLM - Rheumatology)

Changes in Circulating Satiety Hormones in Obese Children: A Randomized Controlled Physical Activity-Based Intervention Study.

Obesity — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Balagopal PB, Gidding SS, Buckloh LM, Yarandi HN, Sylvester JE, George DE, Funanage VL The aims of this study are to examine in children: (i) obesity-related alterations in satiety factors such as leptin, ghrelin, and obestatin; (ii) the link between satiety factors and cardiometabolic risk factors; and (iii) the impact of a physical activity-based lifestyle intervention on the levels of these satiety factors in the obese. We studied a total of 21 adolescents (BMI percentile, 99.0 +/- 0.6 for 15 obese and 56.2 +/- 1.1 for 6 lean). The obese subjects underwent a 3-month randomized controlled physical activity-based lifestyle intervention. Leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), ghrelin, and obestatin levels were determined as the primary outcome measures. Other markers of card...

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Finite element analysis performed on radius and tibia HR-pQCT images and fragility fractures at all sites in postmenopausal women

Bone — Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, μFEA parameters at the radius and tibia were associated with all types of fragility fractures. We have also shown that μFEA parameters obtained with distal tibia data were associated with prevalent fractures with a similar magnitude that with parameters obtained at the radius. (Source: Bone)

Adiposity and genetic admixture, but not race/ethnicity, influence bone mineral content in peripubertal children

Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism — Tue, 19 Jan 2010 17:42:56 +0100

Abstract The effect of fat mass on bone mineral content (BMC) in children is not clear, particularly when considering a diverse population. Ancestral genetic admixture may be an approach to accurately identify population differences in BMC. Our objective was to evaluate the relationships between self-reported race/ethnicity, genetic admixture, and fat mass on BMC in a multiethnic sample of children (n = 270), taking into account dietary and physical activity variables. Ancestral genetic admixture was estimated using 140 ancestry informative markers, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, diet by 24-h recall, and physical activity by accelerometry. Multiple linear regression examined the relationships between race/ethnicity or genetic admixture and p...

In reply

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery — Tue, 19 Jan 2010 14:19:35 +0100

Sally Fields tells a television audience “I know my bones are getting stronger” and “I not only stopped my bone loss but reversed my bone loss” because she takes the once-monthly oral bisphosphonate Boniva (ibandronate). The reality is that Ms Fields does not know that either is true and neither does Roche Pharmaceuticals, the manufacturer of Boniva. The only way to know bone strength is to measure the force it takes to break the bone, and the only way to know whether bone loss has been reversed is to take a sample biopsy before and after taking the drug, measure the contents, and compare the difference. I doubt either was done for Ms Fields. Both parties and all manufacturers of oral bisphosphonates make similar claims according to the findings from dual energy x-ray absorptiometr...

Bone mineral density in diabetes mellitus patients with and without a Charcot foot

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging — Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: From this study, we can conclude that there were no differences in BMD values in the spine and hip between groups. There were no differences between BMD of the calcaneus between groups, except that patients with chronic Charcot had a significantly lower calcaneal BMD in the affected foot than in the healthy foot. Furthermore, there was an increased bone turnover in the group with acute CA, which was not found in the other patients groups. This suggests that the Charcot foot is a rather local phenomenon, with little effect on the skeleton in general. (Source: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging)

bFGF-Modified BMMSCs enhance bone regeneration following distraction osteogenesis in rabbits

Bone — Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, osteodistraction was applied in craniofacial bone of rabbit to observe the effects of BMMSCs with or without bFGF gene transfected on bone regeneration in the distracted zone. Mandibular lengthening (10 mm) was performed in 42 New Zealand white rabbits using a rapid distraction rate (2 mm/day). The animals were then randomly divided into group A, group B and group C (n=14 for each group). At the end of distraction, physiological saline, autologous BMMSCs and BMMSCs transfected with bFGF were injected into the distraction gaps in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Eight weeks after DO, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the distracted mandibles were harvested and processed for radiography, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), micro-CT, histology and three-point bend testing...

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Visceral Fat Is a Negative Predictor of Bone Density Measures in Obese Adolescent Girls.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: VAT is an independent inverse determinant of bone density in obesity. This association may be mediated by adipokines and a chronic inflammatory state. PMID: 20080853 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

The successful use of pamidronate in an 11-year-old girl with complex regional pain syndrome: Response to treatment demonstrated by serial peripheral quantitative computerised tomographic scans

Bone — Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We report the successful use of intravenous pamidronate therapy in diminishing pain, improving function, and restoring bone mass in an 11-year-old girl with CRPS of her left lower limb following a tibial fracture. Previous treatment with intense physiotherapy and regional sympathetic blockade had not improved her symptoms. Pain improved within weeks of the first pamidronate infusion, with subsequent improvement in function. The benefit in pain reduction and function was sustained during the 2-year treatment regime. Improvement in bone mass and density was demonstrated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computerised tomography (pQCT). pQCT scans showed marked improvement in bone size and geometry and muscle bulk on the affected side. No adverse affects wer...

ACE I/D and ACTN3 R/X polymorphisms and muscle function and muscularity of older Caucasian men

European Journal of Applied Physiology — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 18:18:11 +0100

This study investigated the associations between these polymorphisms and knee extensor muscle function and muscularity in older Caucasian men. Strength was measured isometrically and isokinetically (at 30 and 240° s−1), and the time course of the evoked twitch response recorded. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan measured thigh and whole body non-skeletal lean mass. ACE I/D and ACTN3 R/X polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction, and serum ACE activity using spectrophotometry. Whole body and thigh non-skeletal lean mass were independent of ACE and ACTN3 genotypes. Absolute and relative high velocity strength, and the time course of an evoked twitch were not associated with ACE or ACTN3 genotype. Serum ACE activity was negatively correlated with relative ...

Evaluation of DXA against the four-component model of body composition in obese children and adolescents aged 5–21 years

International Journal of Obesity — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Evaluation of DXA against the four-component model of body composition in obese children and adolescents aged 5–21 years International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, January 12, 2010. doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.249 Authors: J C K Wells, D Haroun, J E Williams, C Wilson, T Darch, R M Viner, S Eaton & M S Fewtrell (Source: International Journal of Obesity)

Do Porous Tantalum Implants Help Preserve Bone?: Evaluation of Tibial Bone Density Surrounding Tantalum Tibial Implants in TKA.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Trabecular metal implants appear to maintain tibial bone mineral density in a parallel fashion to the nonoperative limb in this population and better than historical controls. PMID: 20066524 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research)

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Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Controlled Trial [Original Contribution]

Archives of Neurology — Mon, 11 Jan 2010 20:52:41 +0100

Conclusions This study provides support, using rigorous controlled methodology, for a potent nonpharmacologic intervention that improves executive control processes for older women at high risk of cognitive decline. Moreover, our results suggest that a sex bias in cognitive response may relate to sex-based differences in glucometabolic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to aerobic exercise. (Source: Archives of Neurology)

Bone mineral content in young adults with active or inactive juvenile idiopathic arthritis and in controls.

Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology — Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Young adults, especially men, with JIA have reduced BMC values in the femoral neck. Glucocorticoid use and weight, but not disease activity, seem to be associated with lower BMC. However, osteoporosis is rare. PMID: 20059447 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology)

Significant differences in UK and US female bone density reference ranges

Osteoporosis International — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 21:36:22 +0100

Conclusions In general, US spine and hip reference ranges are not suitable for the calculation of Z-scores in UK women. For some research study designs, the differences may significantly influence the pattern of subject recruitment. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00198-009-1153-1Authors E. Noon, King’s College London Osteoporosis Research Unit, Division of Imaging Sciences London UKS. Singh, Queen Mary College London Cancer Research UK, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine London UKJ. Cuzick, Queen Mary College London Cancer Research UK, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine London UKT. D. Spector, King’s College London Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology London UKF. M. K. Williams, King’s College London ...

Targeted disruption of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 1 in osteoblasts reduces bone size and bone formation in mice

Physiological Genomics — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 18:48:57 +0100

Previous in vitro studies found that nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 1 (NFE2L1) was involved in mediating ascorbic acid-induced osterix expression and osteoblast differentiation via binding to the antioxidant response element of the osterix promoter. To test the role of NFE2L1 in regulating bone formation in vivo, we disrupted NFE2L1 specifically in osteoblasts. Mice expressing Cre under the control of Col12 promoter were crossed with NFE2L1 loxP mice to generate Cre+ knockout (KO) and Cre– wild-type (WT) mice. Skeletal measurements by DEXA revealed 8–10% and 9–11% reduction in total body BMC and bone area in the KO mice from 3 to 8 wk of age. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography analyses found both periosteal and endosteal circumferences were reduced by 6%...

Comparison of the effects of two resistance training regimens on muscular and bone responses in premenopausal women

Osteoporosis International — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 09:08:28 +0100

Conclusions The resistance training of 28 weeks increased muscle strength in both training groups with no difference in BMD or in the occurrence of muscle damage. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00198-009-1139-zAuthors A. C. Vanni, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões–Campus de Erechim Health Sciences Department Rua: João Risson, 61, Bairro José Bonifácio Erechim Rio Grande do Sul Brazil CEP 99700-000F. Meyer, EsEF, UFRGS Rua Felizardo 750 Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul BrazilA. D. R. da Veiga, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões–Campus de Erechim Health Sciences Department Rua: João Risson, 61, Bairro José Bonifácio Erechim Rio Grande do Sul Brazil CEP 99700-000V. P. ...

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A cellular level approach to predicting resting energy expenditure: Evaluation of applicability in adolescents

American Journal of Human Biology — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We previously derived a cellular level approach for a whole-body resting energy expenditure (REE) prediction model by using organ and tissue mass measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with their individual cellularity and assumed stable-specific resting metabolic rates. Although this approach predicts REE well in both young and elderly adults, there were no studies in adolescents that specifically evaluated REE in relation to organ-tissue mass. It is unclear whether the approach can be applied to rapidly growing adolescents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the applicability of the previous developed REE prediction model in adolescents, and to compare its applicability in young and elderly adults. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that measured REE can be p...

Modulation of Wnt signaling influences fracture repair

Journal of Orthopaedic Research — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

While the importance of Wnt signaling in skeletal development and homeostasis is well documented, little is known regarding its function in fracture repair. We hypothesized that activation and inactivation of Wnt signaling would enhance and impair fracture repair, respectively. Femoral fractures were generated in Lrp5 knockout mice (Lrp5-/-) and wild-type littermates (Lrp5+/+), as well as C57BL/6 mice. Lrp5-/- and Lrp5+/+ mice were untreated, while C57BL/6 mice were treated 2×/week with vehicle or anti-Dkk1 antibodies (Dkk1 Ab) initiated immediately postoperatively (Day 0) or 4 days postoperatively (Day 4). Fractures were radiographed weekly until sacrifice at day 28, followed by DXA, pQCT, and biomechanical analyses. Lrp5-/- mice showed impaired repair compared to Lrp5+/+ mice, as eviden...

Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-2 Levels and Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Young Adults and Children Born Small for Gestational Age.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In young adults who were born SGA, serum IGFBP-2 levels associate with cardiovascular risk markers. PMID: 20061427 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Growth Hormone Deficiency after Treatment of Acromegaly: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Growth Hormone Replacement.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This is the first randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effects of GH replacement therapy on body composition and cardiovascular end points in patients who have developed GH deficiency after treatment for acromegaly, a disease complicated by metabolic and body composition alterations and increased cardiovascular risk. GH replacement decreased visceral adipose tissue, increased fat-free mass, decreased hsCRP, and improved quality of life in patients with GHD after cure of acromegaly, with minimal side effects and without an increase in insulin resistance. PMID: 20061426 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Obesity without Established Comorbidities of the Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated with a Proinflammatory and Prothrombotic State, Even before the Onset of Puberty in Children.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Childhood obesity per se is associated with a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state before other comorbidities of the MS are present and even before the onset of puberty. Whether biomarkers like hsCRP and fibrinogen are useful in assessing cardiovascular risk and whether these abnormalities are reversible with earlier therapeutic interventions in very young obese children requires further study. PMID: 20061420 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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Serum estradiol is associated with lean mass in elderly Swedish men.

European Journal of Endocrinology — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Serum E2, but not serum T, is directly associated with lean mass in this large study of elderly Swedish men. In addition, serum SHBG associated with central fat distribution and we confirmed that serum T is inversely associated with fat mass. PMID: 20061331 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Endocrinology)

Optimum frequency of exercise for bone health: Randomised controlled trial of a high-impact unilateral intervention

Bone — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Brief, daily hopping exercises increased femoral neck BMD in premenopausal women but less frequent exercise was not effective. Brief high-impact exercise may have a role in reducing hip fragility, but may need to be performed frequently for optimal response. (Source: Bone)

Effects of estrogen deficiency and low bone mineral density on healthy knee cartilage in rabbits

Journal of Orthopaedic Research — Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of estrogen deficiency and bone mass loss on normal knee cartilage in mature rabbits. Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) was performed in 13 rabbits, 6 of which also received systemic glucocorticoid for 4 weeks. Seven additional healthy rabbits were used as controls. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry in lumbar spine, knee, and subchondral bone of the knee at baseline and 22 weeks after OVX. After sacrifice, the knees were dissected, macroscopy was assessed, and histological cartilage abnormalities were evaluated according to the Mankin score. Correlations of Mankin with BMD at different regions were also performed. When compared to baseline, differences in BMD were only found in spine and knee of the animals r...

Effect of long-term valproate monotherapy on bone mineral density in adults with epilepsy

Journal of the Neurological Sciences — Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Duration of valproate monotherapy does not correlate with decreased BMD in adult patients with epilepsy. No case of osteoporosis was identified in patients treated with valproate for a mean period of more than ten years. These findings indicate that bone metabolism may not be affected by valproate monotherapy. (Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences)

Best Evidence Review: Is Repeat DEXA Testing Necessary During Treatment With a Bisphosphonate?

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 06 Jan 2010 15:10:35 +0100

This highly ranked study suggests that routine repeat dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry testing among women being treated with a bisphosphonate may not be essential. Medscape Family Medicine (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Senate Health Reform Bill Preserves Essential Diagnostic Services For Osteoporosis

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 06 Jan 2010 08:00:00 +0100

Passage of health care reform legislation in the U.S. Senate will help provide older Americans with easier access to quality osteoporosis diagnosis, prevention and treatment services. Included in the Senate health reform bill is a provision restoring Medicare reimbursement for dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the leading diagnostic tool for the early detection and management of osteoporosis. Recent Medicare cuts for DXA tests jeopardized patient access to this important preventive healthcare service... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Anorexia nervosa, osteoporosis and circulating leptin: the missing link

Osteoporosis International — Wed, 06 Jan 2010 06:48:14 +0100

Conclusion The mechanisms underlying bone loss in AN patients remain unclear and complex, involving hypoestrogenia as well as nutritional factors such as insulin-like growth factor and leptin. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00198-009-1120-xAuthors I. Legroux-Gérot, University of Lille II Department of Rheumatology 59037 Lille Cédex FranceJ. Vignau, University of Lille II Department of Addictology 59037 Lille Cédex FranceE. Biver, University of Lille II Department of Rheumatology 59037 Lille Cédex FranceP. Pigny, University of Lille II Department of Biology 59037 Lille Cédex FranceF. Collier, University of Lille II Department of Gynaecology 59037 Lille Cédex FranceX. Marchandise, University of Lille II Department of Nuclear Medic...

Evaluation of the Singh index and femur geometry in osteoporotic women

Central European Journal of Medicine — Tue, 05 Jan 2010 06:50:35 +0100

Abstract We aimed to compare the Singh index with bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), body mass index (BMI) and femur geometry in the right proximal femur of osteoporotic women, using different statistical tests. Radiographs of each patient were assessed to determine the Singh index by five observers. The observers consisted of a consultant radiologist, physical therapist and anatomists who studied the series of radiographs. They were asked to apply the Singh index by comparing the trabecular bone pattern in the proximal right femur with the reference scale published by Singh et al. [1]. This has a six point scale from grade VI to grade I. We evaluated 47 osteoporotic women in this study. The subjects’ mean age, weigth, and height were 6...

Effects of alfa-hydroxy-isocaproic acid on body composition, DOMS and performance in athletes

BioMed Central — Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: Alfa-Hydroxy-isocaproic acid (HICA) is an end product of leucine metabolism in human tissues such as muscle and connective tissue. According to the clinical and experimental studies, HICA can be considered as an anti-catabolic substance. The present study investigated the effects of HICA supplementation on body composition, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) and physical performance of athletes during a training period. Methods: Fifteen healthy male soccer players (age 22.1+/-3.9 yr) volunteered for the 4-week double-blind study during an intensive training period. The subjects in the group HICA (n=8) received 583 mg of sodium salt of HICA (corresponding 500 mg of HICA) mixed with liquid three times a day for 4 weeks, and those in the group PLACEBO (n=7) received 650 mg of...

Optimizing bone health in chronic kidney disease

Maturitas — Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Phosphocalcic metabolism disorders often complicate chronic kidney disease (CKD) and worsen as kidney function declines, with a consequence on bone structural integrity. The risk of fracture exceeds that of the normal population in both patients with pre-dialysis CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The increasing incidence of CKD, the high mortality rate induced by hip fracture, the decreased quality of life and economic burden of fragility fracture make the renal bone disorders a major problem of public health around the world. Optimizing bone health in CKD patients should be a priority. Bone biopsy is invasive. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, commonly used to screen individuals at risk of fragility fracture in the general population, is not adequate to assess advanced CKD...

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Bone remodeling in proximal HA-coated versus uncoated cementless SL-Plus® femoral components: a 5-year follow-up study

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery — Mon, 04 Jan 2010 18:16:57 +0100

Abstract Background and purpose Bone resorption at the femoral stem due to stress shielding has been particularly observed secondary to cementless hip replacement. This prospective study of 126 total-hip replacements was performed to examine clinical outcomes and changes in peri-prosthetic bone density after implantation of a double-tapered cementless femoral component manufactured with versus without hydroxyapatite (HA) coating. Methods Sixty-seven femoral components with and 59 femoral components without proximal HA coating were implanted and examined after a mean follow-up of 5.8 (SD 1.1, 2.8–7.8) years. The Harris hip score (HHS) and plain radiographs were used for clinical and radiological follow-up evaluations. Possible changes in peri-prosth...

Women's Digital Imaging Using DXA Total Body Fat Analysis To Help Patients In Weight Management And Fitness Programs

Health News from Medical News Today — Sun, 03 Jan 2010 09:00:00 +0100

Women's Digital Imaging of Ridgewood (WDI), has begun using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), a technology developed to screen for osteoporosis (bone loss), to measure body fat in patients who want a more accurate method of establishing goals and measuring results for weight management and fitness programs. While Body Mass Index (BMI) has been a standard measuring tool, it does not distinguish muscle from fat... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Women's Digital Imaging Using DXA Total Body Fat Analysis To Help Patients In Weight Management And Fitness Programs

Women's Health / OBGYN News From Medical News Today — Sun, 03 Jan 2010 09:00:00 +0100

Women's Digital Imaging of Ridgewood (WDI), has begun using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), a technology developed to screen for osteoporosis (bone loss), to measure body fat in patients who want a more accurate method of establishing goals and measuring results for weight management and fitness programs... (Source: Women's Health / OBGYN News From Medical News Today)

Validity of the DEXA diagnosis of involutional osteoporosis in patients with femoral neck fractures

Table of Contents : Indian Journal of Orthopaedics : 2007 - 41(1) — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 14:44:14 +0100

Conclusions</b> : DEXA is a noninvasive and an affordable and easy method for the diagnosis of osteoporosis but less efficient than the histological histomorphometric method of diagnosis with a low specificity. We also found that the mean difference in the t-score in femoral DEXA and lumbar DEXA is almost zero, so DEXA of one region can reflect the change in the other region and there is no need for DEXA of both regions as a routine unless indicated for a special reason. This avoids exposing the patient to unnecessary risk of radiation and reduces cost. (Source: Table of Contents : Indian Journal of Orthopaedics : 2007 - 41(1))

Comparison of bone mineral density in medial coronoid processes of dogs with and without medial coronoid process fragmentation.

American Journal of Veterinary Research — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The similar pattern of BMD in osteochondral samples of the MCP in dogs with and without FMCP indicated that the MCP was eccentrically loaded during weight bearing. Topographic variation in BMD in the MCP, and hence tolerance to compressive loading, suggested that the abaxial portion of the MCP in dogs was more resistant to compressive load than was the axial edge. This difference may predispose the coronoid process to microcrack formation and fragmentation at that juxtaposition. PMID: 20043779 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Veterinary Research)

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In-Home Virtual Reality Videogame Telerehabilitation in Adolescents With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Use of remotely monitored virtual reality videogame telerehabilitation appears to produce improved hand function and forearm bone health (as measured by DXA and pQCT) in adolescents with chronic disability who practice regularly. Improved hand function appears to be reflected in functional brain changes. (Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)

Discordance in Femoral Neck Bone Density in Subjects With Unilateral Hip Osteoarthritis

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease that increases in incidence with age and currently affects an estimated 27 million Americans. To determine whether site-specific hip bone mineral density (BMD) measures are confounded by the presence of OA, we measured bilateral hip BMD by dual X-ray absorptiometry in 34 subjects (19 women and 15 men) scheduled for hip replacement for confirmed advanced unilateral hip OA. The femoral neck (FN) BMD (p=0.035) and T-score (p=0.017) for the hip with OA was higher than those of the contralateral hip. There was a difference in osteoporosis classification depending on which hip was considered: for 11 of the 34 subjects (32%), the FN T-score was normal for OA hip, but the contralateral hip was classified as osteopenic (T-score between −1.0 and �...

How Activity of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Influences Bone Loss

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Bone loss is a common problem for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of our study was to assess bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with IBD and to investigate the role of corticosteroid (CS) use and duration and activity of disease on BMD. Ninety-two patients (56 men and 36 women) with IBD, of whom 32 had ulcerative colitis (UC) and 60 had Crohn's disease (CD), underwent clinical assessment. Lumbar and femoral neck BMDs were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteopenia was observed in 14 patients (43%) with UC and in 24 patients (40%) with CD (p=0.187). Four patients (12%) with UC and 7 patients (11%) with CD had osteoporosis (p=0.308). Femoral BMD decreased in patients with long duration of CS use and correlated inversely with disease acti...

Quantitative Ultrasound and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Children and Adolescents With Neurofibromatosis of Type 1

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Reduced areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is a common feature of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Moreover, in recent years there has been a growing interest in using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) for the evaluation of bone status. In 55 NF1 subjects (mean age: 9.3±5.4yr) and in 51 age- and sex-matched controls we measured aBMD at lumbar spine, at femoral neck (aBMD-FN), and at total femur (aBMD-T). Apparent volumetric bone mineral density (BMAD) was also calculated. In all subjects, QUS parameters at phalanges were evaluated. In NF1 subjects, the values of aBMD and BMAD were lower than in controls at all skeletal sites, but the difference reached statistical significance only at femoral sites (p (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)

The Evaluation of Consistency Between Body Composition Assessments in Pediatric Population Using Pencil Beam and Fan Beam Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometers

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The replacement of the old dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry system with a novel one should be preceded by a cross-calibration procedure. Therefore, the study was aimed at investigating the consistency of bone and body composition measures performed in pediatric population using pencil beam (DPX-L; GE Healthcare, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI) and fan beam (Prodigy; GE Healthcare, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI) densitometers. The study group consisted of 212 healthy children aged 4–18yr. Total body (TB) and lumbar spine (S) (L2–L4) measurements were performed using DPX-L and Prodigy during the same visit. Bland-Altman analysis, linear regressions, and paired t-test were performed to evaluate the consistency of measurements and to establish a cross-calibration equation. The average P...

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Association Between Lean Mass and Handgrip Strength With Bone Mineral Density in Physically Active Postmenopausal Women

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The present study evaluated 117 physically active postmenopausal women (67.8±7.0yr) who performed neuromotor physical tests (strength, balance, and mobility). Body composition (lean mass [g], fat mass [g], and % fat) and bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine (L1–L4), femoral neck, and total body were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Following the World Health Organization criteria, osteoporosis was found in at least 1 analyzed site in 33 volunteers (28.2%): 30 (25.6%) in lumbar spine and 9 (7.7%) in femoral neck. Body weight was strongly and positively related to BMD in all sites, but the most important component of body composition was lean mass, also significantly related to all BMD sites, whereas fat mass was weakly related to the femoral neck BMD. Percent...

Atypical Femoral Diaphyseal Fractures Documented by Serial DXA

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Incomplete lateral and completed femoral diaphyseal fractures have been reported in the context of prolonged antiremodeling therapy. The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research task force has been assembled to define the nature, investigate the cause, and consider management options for these fractures. Illustrated are serial dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images (GE/Lunar, Madison, WI) of a 51-yr-old, steroid-dependent, premenopausal woman who began daily oral alendronate in 2001 to prevent glucocorticoid osteoporosis. In 2006, she developed the insidious onset of bilateral, lateral proximal thigh pain in the absence of trauma or overuse. Radiographs, nuclear scintigraphy, and computed tomography scans were consistent with “atypical, subtrochanteric femoral fractures” r...

Denosumab Increased BMD of the Lumbar Spine, Total Hip, Femoral Neck, and Trochanter as Measured by QCT in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: Denosumab (DMAb), a fully human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, decreases bone turnover, increases DXA areal bone mineral density (aBMD), and reduces fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis that participated in the FREEDOM trial (Cummings et al., NEJM 2009;361:756). Here we describe the effect of DMAb on lumbar spine and hip (total hip, femoral neck, and trochanter) BMD as measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in a subset of women that participated in the FREEDOM trial. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)

Appropriateness of Referrals to a Tertiary Referral Centre for BMD Testing

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Introduction: Evidence-based guidelines for who should have a DXA scan are well established. Much attention has appropriately focussed on increasing the proportion of persons at high risk for fracture being referred for such investigation, as many studies show current practice is suboptimal. Waiting times for DXA scans have increased substantially in some tertiary referral centres such as ours because of 1) increased awareness among referring-providers, 2) cutbacks in DXA resources and 3) at times patients or physicians with some knowledge of osteoporosis pressurising the service for a ‘screening’ test. Screening scans and diagnostic criteria for younger persons (such as premenopausal women) are controversial. Studies show several thousand women would need a DXA test at age 50 compared...

Distribution of T-Scores and Z-Scores in a University Cohort with an Emphasis on Elevated Bone Mineral Density (BMD)

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Introduction: Elevated BMD is currently not defined by the ISCD with a specific Z-score cutoff, however it has been suggested that a Z-score ≥ 2.5 is not normal. Methods: IRB approval was obtained. We evaluated a University DXA database i over 24 months to define T-score and Z-score distributions. A Z-score of equal to or greater than 2.5 was selected as the outcome event of interest in a logistic regression for adjusted odds ratio. The covariates were: height, weight, gender, menopausal status, use of female hormones, presence of insufficiency fractures after age 50, previous fractures, previous surgeries (back surgeries, vertebroplasty, or kyphoplasty), transplant history, presence of long term chronic conditions (asthma, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or cystic fibrosis), eating disor...

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Coordinate Regulation of Bone Biomechanical Performance and Bone Size in Mice

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: While DXA is the single best clinical tool for predicting fracture risk, it fails to reflect all aspects of biomechanical performance. These can't be studied systematically in the clinical setting since fractures are unique, unpredictable, and therefore unrecorded events. Animal models therefore offer the best approach to studying bones under load conditions similar to those that cause fractures. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)

Hand Dominance and Bone Microarchitecture at the Distal Radius by High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Updated Data

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: Bone mineral density as measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry has been found to be significantly higher in the hand, forearm, and calcaneus on the dominant side compared with the nondominant side. Whether hand dominance influences bone microarchitecture is unknown. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)

Screening for Osteoporosis - A Missed Opportunity?

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) predisposing an individual to fragility fractures. Osteoporosis can be diagnosed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis reduces the incidence of fragility fractures. Osteoporosis is clinically silent unless complicated by fracture; therefore, it is generally overlooked, particularly in an underserved population. The National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) recommends BMD-measurement in all women and men older than 65 years and 70 years respectively. The main objective of our study was to assess rates of osteoporosis screening in eligible patients in our resident run ambulatory clinic. In addition, charts were reviewed to determine whether the osteoporos...

Improvement of Treatment Decisions in Epileptic Patients by Performing Lateral Vertebral Assessment (LVA)

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Purpose: The WHO fracture risk algorithm (FRAX™) is a tool developed to assist clinicians in making treatment decisions for patients at risk for developing osteoporotic fragility fractures. The National Osteoporosis Foundation suggests that patients with a vertebral fracture or with a low bone mass and a FRAX™ calculated 10-year probability of fracture ≥ 3% for hip fracture or ≥ 20% for major osteoporotic fracture are at a high risk and should be considered for treatment. The FRAX™ algorithm is validated based on femoral neck bone mass as determined by bone mass densitometry (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The FRAX™ is considered to be most useful in patients with low hip bone mass and of less predictive value in patients with relatively normal BMD at the hip a...

Characteristics of A Population with BMD Defined Osteoporosis but Low Fracture Risk

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Purpose of Study: To examine the characteristics of patients with osteoporosis (T-score ≤-2.5) who cannot be identified by FRAX as high fracture risk patients. Methods Used: A retrospective chart review was performed on consecutive DXA scans collecting data on patients age 50 and older with a BMD indicating osteoporosis (T-score ≤-2.5 at any site). Individuals were separated into high FRAX (group A) and low FRAX (group B) groups, where high FRAX was > 3% hip or > 20% major osteoporotic 10 yr fracture risk and low FRAX included patients with ≤ 3% hip and ≤ 20% major osteoporotic 10 yr fracture risk. FRAX was calculated without BMD included in the FRAX calculation. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)

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The Ten Year Probability of Hip Fracture in Thai Population By WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: The WHO Collaboration Center has identified a clinical risk factors which are including sex, age, body mass index, history of previous fracture etc, that call the FRAX® tool. The FRAX® algorithms give the 10-year probability of fracture. The output is a 10-year probability of hip fracture and major osteoporotic fracture to predict probability of fracture. It is considerable use to health care professionals, particularly in places where there are few DXA machines. But this tool limit number of country is not represented of references. The aim to determine the FRAX® tool (10-year probability of hip fracture) in Thai peoples ages over 50 years who have fragile fracture around hip as a diagnosis test. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)

FRAX Contribution to the Management of Patients with Fracture Risk. Results from the First 19 Months Since Its Implementation in Our Clinical Practice

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Introduction: Using the WHO DXA-based T-score diagnostic criteria of osteoporosis to initiate treatment lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity. FRAX was designed to identify patients with osteopenia and high fracture risk. Shortly after its introduction, it was suggested that FRAX should be used to “screen” patients for DXA. Nineteen months after its implementation in our clinical practice we evaluated the impact of FRAX on patient management. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)

Assessing Fracture Risk with DXA: Comparing 2008 to 1998 NOF Guidelines - The Influence of FRAX

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: In February 2008, the NOF published new guidelines for fracture risk assessment. We sought to evaluate how these guidelines performed versus the previous 1998 guidelines. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)

Vitamin D Fortification of Food Improves Vitamin D Status but Does Not Assure Adequacy

Journal of Clinical Densitometry — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the increment in 25(OH)D concentration observed with ingestion of fortified food (∼6 ng/1,000 IU vitamin D3 daily) is extremely similar to that reported with use of supplements. Food fortification is a safe and effective approach to increase vitamin D status. Daily vitamin D3 intake will likely need to exceed 2,300 IU to assure adequacy for all women. Further work is required to understand the mechanism(s) underlying the differences in 25(OH)D response to oral vitamin D intake. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)