MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders' source. Tue, 07 Feb 2012 09:35:39 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636943&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy15gn4g2t821n388%2F Abstract  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with considerable impairment in health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Atomoxetine has been found to improve HR-QoL in both children and adolescents. However, there is scarcity of data on gender differences in treatment responses to ADHD medications. This pooled analysis of five atomoxetine trials aimed to evaluate treatment differences with respect to HR-QoL and ADHD symptoms across genders. Data from 5 clinical atomoxetine trials (4 from Europe and 1 from Canada) with similar inclusion and exclusion criteria and similar durations (8- to 12-week follow-up) were included in the pooled analysis. All studies included the Child Health and Illness Profile—Child Edition (CHIP-CE) Parent Report Form. In a... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636943 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:21:18 +0100 5636943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535697&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpv5v73132623w64r%2F Abstract  There is accumulating evidence that computerised cognitive training of inhibitory control and/or working memory can lead to behavioural improvement in children with AD/HD. Using a randomised waitlist control design, the present study examined the effects of combined working memory and inhibitory control training, with and without passive attention monitoring via EEG, for children with and without AD/HD. One hundred and twenty-eight children (60 children with AD/HD, 68 without AD/HD) were randomly allocated to one of three training conditions (waitlist; working memory and inhibitory control with attention monitoring; working memory and inhibitory control without attention monitoring) and completed with pre- and post-training assessments of overt behaviour (from 2 s... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535697 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 06:31:24 +0100 5535697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5474688&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4744178418432223%2F Abstract  The aim of the study is to investigate metaparenting (effortful, deliberate cognition about parenting) in parents of children at risk for ADHD including predictors, correlates, and intervention outcomes. Parents (n = 68) of children with significant ADHD symptoms (i.e., ≥6 inattentive or hyperactive/impulsive symptoms with impairment in ≥2 settings, mostly un-medicated) provided ratings of metaparenting, parenting stress and practices, and child ADHD symptoms before and after parent training. Parents were predominantly Caucasian, in their upper thirties, and most had schooling beyond high school. We investigated the relation between metaparenting and baseline predictors, and whether metaparenting predicted (1) parenting behaviors at baseline, (2) attr... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5474688 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 17:14:12 +0100 5474688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5322431&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F45545747p56n29q8%2F Abstract  In this experiment, we have investigated the spatial memory performance of rats following a central noradrenaline depletion induced by three different doses of the neurotoxin N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP4) and following administration of three different doses of methylphenidate (MPH). The rats were required to find food pellets hidden on a holeboard. The sole administration of DSP4 induced only minor cognitive deficits. However, the treatment with MPH increased the reference memory error, the impulsivity and the motor activity of the DSP4-treated rats. Since the noradrenergic terminals in a DSP4-treated rat are significantly reduced, the administration of MPH has little effect on the noradrenergic system and increases dopaminergic rather than ... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5322431 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 10:39:30 +0100 5322431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5312387&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv5u01746223633gq%2F Abstract  Our aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the generic quality of life (QoL) scale Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE) by means of a combined analysis of atomoxetine clinical trials in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Individual patient-level data from five clinical trials were included in the combined analysis. Psychometric properties of the CHIP-CE were explored in terms of internal consistency and structure. Patients (n = 794) aged between 6 and 15 years (mean 9.7) with mean baseline ADHD Rating Scale of 41.8 ± 8.04 were included. On average, 0.7 (SD 2.23) items were missing for the whole CHIP-CE. The internal consistency of the CHIP-CE assessed by Cronbach’... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5312387 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 15:06:15 +0100 5312387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5258463&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl2102m6000p5219h%2F The objective of this article is to review the research on ADHD as a risk factor for Internet addiction and gaming, its complications, and what research and methodological questions remain to be addressed. The literature search was done in PubMed and Psychinfo, as well as by hand. Previous research has demonstrated rates of Internet addiction as high as 25% in the population and that it is addiction more than time of use that is best correlated with psychopathology. Various studies confirm that psychiatric disorders, and ADHD in particular, are associated with overuse, with severity of ADHD specifically correlated with the amount of use. ADHD children may be vulnerable since these games operate in brief segments that are not attention demanding. In addition, they offer immediate rewa... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5258463 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 16:19:42 +0100 5258463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5130584&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl105851140n74625%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s12402-011-0064-0Authors Luis Augusto Rohde, Outpatient ADHD Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil Journal ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity DisordersOnline ISSN 1866-6647Print ISSN 1866-6116 (Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders) ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5130584 Fri, 12 Aug 2011 06:16:18 +0100 5130584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5130585&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe2t3873144172661%2F Abstract  To examine changes in partially responsive anxiety symptoms utilizing adjunctive treatment with atomoxetine in the treatment of adult ADHD patients with comorbid partially responsive anxiety symptoms. Consenting adult patients (n = 29) with confirmed diagnosis of generalized anxiety and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) participated in this open-label study. All patients had significant comorbid anxiety symptoms (HAM-A > 7) and failed to respond to 8-week trials of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). All patients were treated with atomoxetine as adjunctive to SSRIs or to SNRIs and were followed for at least 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the Clinic... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5130585 Thu, 11 Aug 2011 06:02:44 +0100 5130585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5062072&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1517362416q25823%2F We reported recently that while serum levels of a glial marker, the cytokine S100B, were not seriously altered, levels of other cytokines and tryptophan metabolites were related to symptoms, attention and variability. Here, we explore with a regression analysis whether levels of these substances were associated with features of the index pregnancy of potential aetiological significance. Serum was taken from 35 children with DSM-IV ADHD (14 on medication) and 21 typically developing controls to measure 8 cytokines (S100B, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-16, TNF-α and IFN-γ) and 5 metabolites (Tryptophan, Kynurenine, Kynurenate [KA], 3-hydroxy-kynurenine [3HK] and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid [5-HIAA]). The mothers received a 124-item questionnaire on features surrounding the pregnancy. ... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5062072 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 17:05:14 +0100 5062072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5062073&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6351w7237r8rg762%2F This study was aimed at contrasting the genetics of neuropsychological tasks for intelligence, attention, memory, visual-motor skills, and executive function in children from multigenerational and extended pedigrees that cluster ADHD in a genetic isolate. In a sample of 288 children and adolescents, 194 (67.4%) ADHD affected and 94 (32.6%) unaffected, a battery of neuropsychological tests was utilized to assess the association between genetic transmission and the ADHD phenotype. We found significant differences between affected and unaffected children in the WISC block design, PIQ and FSIQ, continuous vigilance, and visual-motor skills, and these variables exhibited a significant heritability. Given the association between these neuropsychological variables and ADHD, and also the hig... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5062073 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 18:02:16 +0100 5062073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5019201&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3nv41q3846n5nr10%2F Abstract  Noradrenergic neurotransmission influences executive functions, attentional performance, and general alertness, involving neuronal networks affected in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The norepinephrine transporter facilitates the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex and represents the main target of atomoxetine, an effective drug in the treatment of ADHD. Due to its influence on catecholaminergic signaling, variants of the coding gene (SLC6A2) have been widely investigated in ADHD. Several previous studies report an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms located in SLC6A2 and ADHD; however, the findings are inconsistent. The variant A-3081T (rs28386840) has been shown to have major influence on the expressi... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5019201 Fri, 08 Jul 2011 06:29:06 +0100 5019201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4852752&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb83w70538x576517%2F Abstract  Pharmacological treatment of children with ADHD has been shown to be successful; however, medication may not normalize attention functions. The present study was based on a neuropsychological model of attention and assessed the effect of an attention training program on attentional functioning of children with ADHD. Thirty-two children with ADHD and 16 healthy children participated in the study. Children with ADHD were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions, i.e., an attention training program which trained aspects of vigilance, selective attention and divided attention, or a visual perception training which trained perceptual skills, such as perception of figure and ground, form constancy and position in space. The training programs were applied in indivi... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4852752 Thu, 19 May 2011 16:30:13 +0100 4852752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4813087&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx74vx4534124x415%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-158DOI 10.1007/s12402-011-0058-y Journal ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity DisordersOnline ISSN 1866-6647Print ISSN 1866-6116 (Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders) ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4813087 Sat, 07 May 2011 15:45:33 +0100 4813087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4771001&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb7r5j4l2q258270t%2F Abstract  Diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults remains controversial. Dramatic growth in the diagnosis of this disorder in both young people and adults has focused criticism on the subjective nature of the diagnostic procedure. A new blood test that measures blood cell membrane potential (expressed as membrane potential ratio [MPR™]) has been recently developed. The current study was performed to explore the potential utility of this blood test in diagnosis of ADHD. Consecutive outpatient children (n = 89), adolescents (n = 18), and adults (n = 89) diagnosed with ADHD, or not (n = 60, 17, and 92, respectively), provided sample in which the blood test was performed. ADHD subj... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4771001 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 15:47:23 +0100 4771001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4684101&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1n6x08666u067052%2F Abstract  Adults with ADHD have problems in everyday multitasking situations presumably because of deficits in executive functions. The present study aims to find out (a) whether adults with ADHD show deficient multitasking performance in a standardized task, (b) how they perceive the multitasking situation, and (c) which task structure might be beneficial for them as compared with adults without ADHD. Therefore, we experimentally compared task performance, mood, and motivation in a group of 45 men with ADHD (M-age = 34.47, SD = 9.95) with a comparison group of 42 men without ADHD (M-age = 31.12, SD = 10.59) in three conditions: (a) a multitasking paradigm, (b) an interleaving condition in which tasks had to be performed without planni... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4684101 Sat, 02 Apr 2011 05:57:00 +0100 4684101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4669992&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4260n21h77728554%2F Abstract  The purpose of the current study was to examine protopathic stimulant use among children with the symptoms of ADHD but do not have a diagnosis of ADHD. Protopathic or prodromal stimulant use refers to the use of stimulants by children with the symptoms of ADHD prior to a diagnosis of ADHD. In the current study, we examined children with the symptoms of ADHD who received stimulant treatment across time and with respect to several background variables. Our results indicate that these children who receive stimulant treatment without a diagnosis of ADHD are significantly more like to be eventually diagnosed with ADHD than not. Results also indicate that these children who receive stimulant treatment but do not yet have a diagnosis of ADHD are significantly more likely... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4669992 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 07:21:02 +0100 4669992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4653144&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr3l42q4wr5g114q7%2F Abstract  A three-year open-label study of atomoxetine in adults with ADHD followed two multicenter, double-blind trials. In the double-blind trials, female gender and higher levels of emotional symptoms were associated with better outcome. Following a 4-week placebo washout period, 384 (of 536) subjects continued into the open-label study. 61% of subjects entering this open-label study remained after 6 months at an average dose of 100 mg/day. Subjects who had previously responded to double-blind atomoxetine achieved maximum response after 8 weeks of open-label medication, but others continued to improve for 36 weeks. Women improved more (7.7 ± 6.4) than men (6.1 ± 6.4) on the Wender–Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale ... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4653144 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 05:55:00 +0100 4653144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4501490&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd232n617n4q11553%2F This study focuses on mothers of children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sets out (1) to characterize dimensions of both parental functioning (parenting stress and parental practices) and child characteristics (behaviour) and (2) to determine predictors of parenting stress, namely parental rearing practices or perceived behaviour of the child, in order to plan intervention with the families. Fifty-two mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD and aged 6–12 years participated in the study. The Portuguese versions of the Parenting Stress Index (Abidin and Santos 2003), EMBU-P (Canavarro and Pereira 2007) and Child Behaviour Checklist (Albuquerque et al. 1999) were used. Results showed that mothers of children with ADHD experience higher levels of ... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4501490 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 17:04:06 +0100 4501490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343030&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk36x335j24n62276%2F This article traces the development of ideas with particular references to Hoffman’s “Struwwelpeter”, Frederick Still’s “Disorders of Moral Control”, minimal brain damage, and the hyperkinetic syndrome. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s12402-010-0051-xAuthors Eric Taylor, Emeritus Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK Journal ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity DisordersOnline ISSN 1866-6647Print ISSN 1866-6116 (Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders) ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343030 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 20:07:02 +0100 4343030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4326865&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd775p7337621gn58%2F Abstract  Recently, research on olfactory functions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become prominent, whereas gustation has never been investigated. Increased odor sensitivity was found in medication-naïve children with ADHD, but not in adult ADHD, which might be due to a dopaminergic dysregulation presumed to underlie this disorder. Taste sensitivity, in particular bitter sensitivity as a hereditary trait, also might be altered in ADHD. To examine olfactory and gustatory functions in adult ADHD patients, we assessed odor sensitivity by Sniffin’ Sticks, taste sensitivity by taste strips, and bitter sensitivity by the one-solution test in women with ADHD (n = 12), Bulimia Nervosa (n = 12), and healthy control women (n = ... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4326865 Fri, 07 Jan 2011 14:52:12 +0100 4326865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4302085&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr64v724373q43243%2F Abstract  We established a neuropsychological testing profile among Turkish adults presenting with ADHD controlling for general intelligence and comorbid psychiatric conditions. Adults with ADHD frequently present with comorbid conditions (e.g., mood and substance use/abuse disorders) that may have a detrimental impact on neurocognitive function. Hence, we excluded patients with ADHD meeting criteria for comorbid psychiatric syndromes. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was administered to adults with ADHD attending a general psychiatry clinic in Istanbul, Turkey, and healthy control participants. Adults with ADHD demonstrated performance deficits on tests of attention, information processing speed, and general and working memory. Patients with ADHD also report... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4302085 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 17:14:39 +0100 4302085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4272203&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0306k01228q15245%2F Abstract  Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and its counterpart, the Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), are probably the most often used animal model of ADHD. However, SHR as model of ADHD have also been criticised partly because of not differing to outbred rat strains. In the present study, adolescent SHR, WKY and Wistar rats from Charles River were tested in open-field, elevated plus maze and novel object recognition and on gastrointestinal transport to more intensively evaluate the strain characteristics. Non-habituated SHR and Wistar rats were more active than WKY rats but contrary to Wistar rats SHR stay hyperactive in a familiar environment. SHR were more sensitive to the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine and the dopamine D1 agonist A-68930 than WKY and Wistar rats, wh... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4272203 Thu, 16 Dec 2010 06:55:21 +0100 4272203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4265434&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4885w268w3385188%2F The objective was to determine the epidemiological association of pregnancy smoking and childhood obesity with ADHD. A cross-sectional community study was conducted in 2006 using a parental questionnaire. A total of 1,074 schoolchildren aged 5–11 years were enrolled from 15 primary schools in a lower socio-economic area of Merseyside. ADHD was defined by the question “does your child have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, (ADHD), which has been diagnosed by a doctor?” The prevalence estimates for childhood obesity, maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood ADHD were 14.9% (116/777), 28.0% (269/955), and 3.4% (32/945), respectively. ADHD prevalence increased fivefold in children with obesity (RR, 4.80, 95% CI 2.2–10.4, P < 0.001) and more than t... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4265434 Wed, 15 Dec 2010 16:06:48 +0100 4265434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4241604&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh278x271l41v4105%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12402-010-0049-4Authors Claudia Mehler-Wex, University of Ulm, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm, GermanySusanne Walitza, University of Zürich, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zürich, SwitzerlandHelmut Remschmidt, Marburg, GermanyManfred Gerlach, University of Würzburg, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Würzburg, Germany Journal ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity DisordersOnline ISSN 1866-6647Print ISSN 1866-6116 (Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders) ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4241604 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 15:09:10 +0100 4241604 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4225058&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw9477042l6440h07%2F In conclusion, discontinuation of incident ADHD drug use is high after 3, 6 and 12 months. During the study period, the incidence of discontinuation decreased because of the availability of extended-release methylphenidate and atomoxetine. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12402-010-0044-9Authors Els van den Ban, Youth Division, Altrecht, Institute for Mental Health, Nieuwe Houtenseweg 2, 3524 SH Utrecht, The NetherlandsPatrick C. Souverein, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsHanna Swaab, Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies, University of Leiden, Leiden, The NetherlandsHerman van Engeland, Department of Child and Adoles... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4225058 Tue, 30 Nov 2010 08:18:27 +0100 4225058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4225060&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F443l51038l85200v%2F Abstract  Emotional dysregulation in ADHD patients has become an important issue in recent years. Dysfunctions especially in brain regions related to emotional processing as well as psychophysiological reactions have been reported. This review includes functional MRI, event-related potentials as well as emotion-modulated startle studies in ADHD patients. It reflects a selective review of the authors with no claim of completeness. Changes in the processing of positive stimuli, with reduced brain activity in the amygdala, in the ventral striatum and reduced EEG potentials were found. The relevance of the observed dysregulation in emotional processing and psychophysiological reactions with regard to theoretical constructs of ADHD-specific emotional dysregulation versus comorbi... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4225060 Tue, 30 Nov 2010 08:18:25 +0100 4225060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4225059&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc81842767nwrm226%2F Abstract  It is thought that among children at a high risk for antisocial personality disorder, the level of individual anxiety might constitute an important marker with respect to symptomatology and prognosis. The aim of the present study was to examine whether associations between anxiety and subtypes of aggression (proactive and reactive) exist in boys with early-onset subtype of conduct disorder (CD) and co-morbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A detailed psychometric characterization of boys with ADHD and the early-onset subtype of CD (n = 33) compared to healthy controls (n = 33) was performed. The assessment included trait anxiety, internalizing and externalizing problems, symptoms of psychopathy and temperament traits, as well as... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4225059 Tue, 30 Nov 2010 08:18:25 +0100 4225059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4225061&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb3407985360675v2%2F Abstract  Several studies have reported a characteristic “positive illusory bias” in the self-evaluation of children with ADHD. However, results are controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether children with ADHD aged 8 to 10 years can rate their self-regulatory skills accurately when assessed with an age appropriate instrument. Twenty-seven children with ADHD and 27 matched normal control children completed the Self-rating Scale of Self-regulatory Function (SelfReg), a new rating scale that has been specifically designed for this age group. As expected, children with ADHD rated themselves significantly more dysfunctional than control children. In most domains, self-ratings of children with ADHD did not diverge from parent and teacher rati... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4225061 Tue, 30 Nov 2010 08:18:24 +0100 4225061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4225062&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft3317782316145p6%2F This article presents an overview of the conceptual history of modern-day ADHD. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8Authors Klaus W. Lange, Department of Biological and Abnormal Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanySusanne Reichl, Department of Biological and Abnormal Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanyKatharina M. Lange, Department of Biological and Abnormal Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanyLara Tucha, Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsOliver Tucha, Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Journal ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4225062 Tue, 30 Nov 2010 08:18:23 +0100 4225062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4225063&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjl64353513372670%2F Abstract  ADHD is a serious risk factor for co-occurring psychiatric disorders and negative psychosocial consequences in adulthood. Previous trials on psychotherapeutic concepts for adult ADHD are based on behavioural (cognitive behavioural and dialectical behavioural) psychotherapeutic approaches and showed significant effects. The aim of our study group (COMPAS) is to carry out a first randomized and controlled multicentre study to evaluate the effects of a disorder tailored psychotherapy in adult ADHD compared to clinical management in combination with psychopharmacological treatment or placebo. A total of 448 adults with ADHD according to DSM-IV will be treated at seven university sites in Germany. In a four-arm design, patients are randomized to a manualized dialectica... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4225063 Tue, 30 Nov 2010 08:18:22 +0100 4225063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4164410&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff7184606k0247hw6%2F Abstract  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common child and adolescent disorder that is associated with negative outcomes (e.g., emotional and behavioral problems, substance use) and is often comorbid with Conduct Problems (CP). Research findings are mixed as to whether youth with ADHD alone or comorbid ADHD/CP suffer from low self-esteem. Research has also shown links between low self-esteem and ADHD (alone and with CP) with substance use; yet, no research has examined the links between self-esteem and substance use in adolescents with ADHD and CP. The current study examined the relation between ADHD with and without comorbid CP and self-esteem, and whether self-esteem moderated the relation between ADHD and ADHD/CP with substance use among adolescents.... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4164410 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 06:59:43 +0100 4164410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4162857&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw3m4q7j46u482965%2F Abstract  (1) How does the quality of life of patients with ADHD treated in an ambulatory care setting compare to that of other patient groups in child and adolescent psychiatry? (2) Can differences in the quality of life be demonstrated between patients with simple disorders of activity and attention and those with hyperkinetic conduct disorders? (3) How does the quality of life in these patient groups change over one year of treatment? The Inventory for the Assessment of Life Quality in Children and Adolescents (Inventar zur Untersuchung der Lebensqualität von Kindern und Jugendlichen, ILK) was applied to a sample of 726 patients derived from nine different outpatient practices for child and adolescent psychiatry. Among them were 196 patients with a simple disorder of act... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4162857 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 10:55:31 +0100 4162857 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4162858&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fdu0060738q3311m4%2F Abstract  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterised by the typical behavioural core symptoms of inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. ADHD is a usually chronic health conditions, mostly diagnosed in childhood, creating a significant challenge for youth, their families and professionals who treat it. This disorder requires long-term treatments, including psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions, which in some cases may lead to adverse effects. Understanding the mechanism by which ADHD risk factors affect the biochemical processes in the human brain and consequentially the behaviour will help to identify novel targets for the development of therapeutics with less adverse results and better efficacy including higher responder rates... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4162858 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 10:55:30 +0100 4162858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4162859&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv717133j3680m10t%2F Abstract  ADHD is associated with social problems and aggressive behavior. As hyperactive-impulsive traits are core symptoms of ADHD, it has been hypothesized that reactive-impulsive violence is more likely related to ADHD psychopathology than proactive-instrumental violence. One hundred and twenty-seven adult violent offenders participated in the study. Diagnosis of ADHD and ratings of reactive and proactive features of the committed crimes were performed using standardized instruments. According to DSM-IV, 16.5% subjects fulfilled diagnostic criteria for ADHD, 23.6% were diagnosed as ADHD in partial remission, and 59.8% had no ADHD. Univariate analyses revealed higher reactive violence ratings in both ADHD groups when compared to subjects without ADHD, whereas the opposit... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4162859 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 10:55:29 +0100 4162859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4162860&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4336032m14107387%2F Abstract  The psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH) is the first choice of treatment in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and is based mainly on inhibition of dopamine transporter (DAT). Nonetheless, the complete cellular effects of MPH are still unknown. We attempted to determine whether MPH influences neurotransmitter levels, synaptic gene expression, and cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) lacking DAT. PC12 were treated in a dose-dependent manner with MPH. Gene expression level of synaptotagmin (Syt) 1 and 4, syntaxin 1a (Stx1a), and synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) was measured using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Different Neurotransmitter release was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPL... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4162860 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 10:55:28 +0100 4162860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4162861&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk1718988x461115l%2F Abstract  With the present review, we intend to highlight the importance of considering the age- and development-dependent occurrence of comorbidity in ADHD and to outline distinct trajectories of symptom progression with possible impact on course and outcome of ADHD. The review will focus on introducing the concepts of “developmental epidemiology” and “developmental comorbidity”. Psychiatric and non-psychiatric age-dependent comorbidity can be seen in the majority of children, adolescents and adults with ADHD, resulting in a severe impairment of everyday life with considerable functional and psychosocial problems. Concerning the temporal order of occurrence, psychiatric conditions may be present before the appearance of first definite ADHD symptoms (“pre-comorbid... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4162861 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 10:55:27 +0100 4162861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4097662&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9p8427m1q51h7216%2F Abstract  To examine the effects of methylphenidate-OROS (MPH-OROS) on working memory (WM) and attention functions in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to investigate whether there is a differential effect in ADHD children with (ADHD+) and without (ADHD−) behavioural comorbidities. Participants included a clinic referred sample of 12 stimulant naïve school-aged children with a diagnosis of combined ADHD according to the DSM-IV criteria (6 ADHD+, 6 ADHD−), and 11 healthy children. A neuropsychological protocol was applied at three different moments: before treatment, after one those of MPH-OROS, and after one month of MPH-OROS daily treatment. The protocol was simultaneously administered to the control group. Initial differences in atten... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4097662 Wed, 20 Oct 2010 17:34:15 +0100 4097662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5429664&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F63464n4304274227%2F Abstract  During the past 15 years, an impressive amount of genetic information has become available in the research field of psychiatry, particularly as it relates to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the classical clinical approach to ADHD has minimally affected and not significantly been improved by this genetic revolution. It is difficult to predict how long it will take for genetic findings to alter the way clinicians treat patients with ADHD. New medications or treatment protocols may take years to become routine clinical practice. However, when taken together, recent successes in genomics, pharmacogenomics, and genetic epidemiology have the potential (1) to prevent comorbid consequences of ADHD, (2) to individualize therapies for patients... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5429664 Sat, 16 Oct 2010 08:55:18 +0100 5429664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3968892&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv85t446ur2318m19%2F Abstract  A 14-year-old girl with suicidal ideation was presented to the paediatric hospital about 2 h after ingestion of 21 long-acting methylphenidate (MPH) 54-mg tablets (1,134 mg Concerta®). At admission signs of sympathomimetic syndrome were observed like agitation, visual hallucinations, slight hypertension, and sinus tachycardia. Treatment included prevention of absorption (30 g activated charcoal orally) and careful observation related to the overstimulation of the sympathic system. Despite the intake of charcoal, the serum concentrations of MPH were 107 and 93 ng/ml 2.5 and 22 h after ingestion of MPH tablets. No support of vital functions was necessary. The girl made a full recovery and was discharged after 3 days of care at the paedi... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3968892 Mon, 13 Sep 2010 17:07:30 +0100 3968892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3968891&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd435g33h6620424k%2F Abstract  Abnormal dopamine (DA) transporter functioning has long been suspected to be involved in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). My extensive search on theories concerning ADHD included: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, Complementary and Alternative Medicine-specific databases, Informit, JST, plus grey literature and trial registries from inception to May 2010. A new understanding of ADHD pathophysiology is required. DA-deficit theory of ADHD is insufficient to cover critical aspects of ADHD pathology and medication. The dominance of this theory discourages the human and financial investments needed to explore alternative theories and has caused an evident bias in health and drug policies. A combined theory of altered DA and serotonin (5H... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3968891 Mon, 13 Sep 2010 17:07:30 +0100 3968891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3953923&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh7220442p84855k2%2F In this study, different breakfast compositions and their influence on treatment with Ritalin LA are investigated. A total of 150 patients were enrolled in a rater-blinded, randomized crossover trial that compared a minimal breakfast with a standard breakfast in patients under stable treatment with Ritalin LA. Ratings for clinical efficacy were carried out after 1 week by teachers and parents (FBB-ADHS), as well as physicians (CGI). Additionally, a math test was administered to the patients. Of the total patients, 144 finished the trial with a breakfast compliance of 93%. All of the clinical rating scales showed consistently no difference between the two breakfast conditions. Non-inferiority of minimal breakfast versus standard breakfast was shown to be statistically significant... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3953923 Wed, 08 Sep 2010 05:29:03 +0100 3953923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3710453&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ffr64u11460781588%2F In conclusion, the prevalence of ADHD among schoolchildren in Athens and the risk factors were found to be comparable to those reported in other countries worldwide. Additionally, impairment in social and academic functioning was strongly associated with the subtypes of the disorder. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12402-010-0029-8Authors M. Skounti, University of Crete Department of Primary Education Rethymno GreeceS. Giannoukas, 6th Primary School Metamorfosi, Athens GreeceE. Dimitriou, 4th Primary School Melissia, Athens GreeceS. Nikolopoulou, 1st Primary School Elliniko, Athens GreeceE. Linardakis, University of Crete Department of Social Medicine Rethymno GreeceA. Philalithis, University of Crete Department of Social Medicine Rethymno Greece ... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3710453 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 17:01:26 +0100 3710453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3655528&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp2k3863630503q88%2F Abstract  A disturbed functioning of the prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and an accordingly reduced P300 presumably underlies executive function deficits of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using a combined classification and Go/NoGo task paradigm, the present study investigated whether medication with methylphenidate (MPH) modulates the P300 as measured by a high-density electroencephalogram (EEG) and facilitates response inhibition in children with ADHD. Further, effects of MPH were compared with effects of self-regulation by if-then plans (Gollwitzer in Am Psychol 54: 493–503, 1999). MPH as well as if-then plans modulated the P300 and improved inhibition of an unwanted response on a Go/NoGo task to the same level observed ... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3655528 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 09:25:33 +0100 3655528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3603470&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8h01733824878588%2F Abstract  Up to 30% of patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with psychostimulants discontinue the treatment because of intolerance or lack of therapeutic response. Therapeutic alternatives are needed for such patients. In the present case series, we study the effectiveness of reboxetine over a period of 6 months in a sample of 14 children diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, who had responded only partially or had presented poor tolerance to conventional treatment with methylphenidate. Clinical efficacy was evaluated through the application of the 18-item Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Global Improvement Scale (CGI-I). Percentages of responders (ADHD... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3603470 Mon, 24 May 2010 16:51:04 +0100 3603470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3603471&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy4612614852128m8%2F We describe a case of a 17-year-old girl who had attempted suicide by ingesting 270 mg of Concerta. During the third years of treatment with Concerta, parents of patient reported that the patient had a depressive mood in the last week, and had attempted suicide with five tablets of Concerta 54 mg. She was sent to a local hospital with a diagnosis of long-acting methylphenidate overdose. All of vital and laboratory findings were normal except heart rate, which was 132 beats/min. Since more than 3 h have elapsed after the time of ingestion, activated charcoal administration was not carried out at the hospital. She was only observed for 12 h at the emergency department and later discharged from the hospital. While long-acting stimulants offer lower risk of abuse, the... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3603471 Mon, 24 May 2010 16:51:01 +0100 3603471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3573585&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj2963246p568096w%2F In conclusion, male and female ADHD patients seem to be more similar than different regarding ADHD-related psychopathology and general personality traits. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12402-010-0024-0Authors Petra Retz-Junginger, Saarland University Hospital Neurocentre Building 90.3 66421 Homburg/Saar GermanyM. Rösler, Saarland University Hospital Neurocentre Building 90.3 66421 Homburg/Saar GermanyC. Jacob, University of Würzburg Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Würzburg GermanyB. Alm, Central Institute for Mental Health Mannheim GermanyW. Retz, Saarland University Hospital Neurocentre Building 90.3 66421 Homburg/Saar Germany Journal ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity DisordersOnline ISSN 1866-6647Prin... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3573585 Sat, 15 May 2010 08:17:18 +0100 3573585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3542461&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr26808kqrqk08318%2F Abstract  To examine the changes in partially responsive anxiety symptoms utilizing adjunctive treatment with the mixed amphetamine salt extended release (Adderall XR, MAX-XR) in the treatment of adult ADHD patients, with comorbid refractory anxiety. Consenting adult patients (n = 32) with confirmed diagnosis of generalized anxiety (GA) and comorbid (ADHD) participated in this open-label study. All patients had significant comorbid anxiety symptoms (HAM-A > 7) and failed to respond to 8-week trials of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) or Norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). All patients were treated with the “Mixed Amphetamine salts Extended Release Adderall XR, (MAS-XR), as adjunctive to SSRIs or to SNRIs and were followed for at least 12&... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3542461 Tue, 04 May 2010 07:50:10 +0100 3542461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3482825&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9r0150g574kll7w3%2F Abstract  Adult individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been suffering from this neurobiological and highly heritable disorder chronically since childhood. Resulting from their longstanding neuropsychological impairments, such as attentional problems, emotional instability, and disinhibition, they are familiar to a multiplicity of negative life outcomes and underachievement. Furthermore, a large part of this population suffers from psychiatric comorbidity. This accumulation of negative experiences has an impact on therapy-relevant factors such as the individual’s self-esteem, self-efficacy, development of core beliefs/schemas, and coping strategies. Based on negative beliefs about the self, individuals confronted with difficult situations dev... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3482825 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 06:57:32 +0100 3482825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3429068&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0219372110561262%2F The objective of this study was to investigate QoL as reflected by perceived ADHD-related difficulties perceived from these three perspectives and compare boys and girls. Patients aged 6–17 with ADHD were treated with atomoxetine (target dose 0.5–1.2 mg/kg/day) in two studies. In both studies, ADHD-related difficulties were assessed after 8 and 24 weeks using the Global Impression of Perceived Difficulties (GIPD) instrument, which can be taken to reflect the patient’s QoL from the three perspectives. Data from the two studies were combined and analyzed together in order to compare boys and girls. Four hundred and twenty-one patients were treated with atomoxetine, 338 boys and 83 girls. Three hundred and fifty-five patients completed the 8-week study period. QoL, as r... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3429068 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 05:37:33 +0100 3429068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362329&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F020h707566m3518r%2F The objective of our study was to test the hypothesis that central CA are responsible for the increase in speed reaction seen after physical activity (PA) and to measure the impact of high intensity PA on the sustained attention of 25 children diagnosed with ADHD consistent with the Disease Statistical Mental-IV (DSM-IV) criteria. It is possible that practicing sports assists in the management of the disorder. The children were divided between users (US) and non-users (NUS) of methylphenidate (MTP), and the groups were compared to evaluate the effect of the drug on cognition after PA. Post-exercise performance on Conner’s Continuous Performance Test-II (CPT) was not affected by MTP, we observed significant improvements in response time, and we saw normalization in the impulsivity a... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362329 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:23:05 +0100 3362329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362330&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp7062q122qp24165%2F Abstract  The cause and pathophysiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are unknown, but compelling evidence suggests an involvement of genetic factors. While dopamine is believed to play a major role in ADHD, the role for norepinephrine and serotonin systems has also been indicated. Mutant mice are valuable tools to dissect the contribution of specific neurotransmitter systems to brain dysfunction and particularly useful to decode complex multi-transmitter interaction that is critical to the pathophysiology of ADHD. Genetically altered mice provided also an opportunity to test experimentally the role of novel candidate genes for this disorder identified in genetic clinical studies. While it is clear that no rodent model would be able to recapitulate full... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362330 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:23:04 +0100 3362330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3298219&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft534x28541042848%2F Abstract  Individuals with ADHD often display an altered response to delay. To date, assessment of this has typically involved neuropsychological testing—however, such tests are designed specifically for children and may not be suitable for adults. They are also relatively time-consuming and expensive. In the current paper, we describe the initial validation of a short questionnaire to assess delay-related behaviour in adults. The Quick Delay Questionnaire (QDQ) is a 10-item scale. The questionnaire was administered to 575 participants from the normal population (ranging in age from 18 to 77 years). Forty of the original sample were selected at random and tested 1 week later. Data on ADHD, anxiety and depression were also collected. There were two five-item scale... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3298219 Sat, 20 Feb 2010 06:58:49 +0100 3298219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3231364&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc32461j50180822k%2F Abstract  Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves clinically heterogeneous problems including attention deficits, behavioural hyperactivity and impulsivity. Several animal models of ADHD have been proposed, ranging from models with neurotoxic lesions to genetically manipulated animals. An ADHD model is supposed to show phenomenological similarities with the disorder, i.e. it should mimic the three core symptoms (face validity). A model should also conform to an established or hypothesized pathophysiological basis of the disorder (construct validity). Finally, an animal model should be able to predict previously unknown aspects of the neurobiology of ADHD or to provide potential new treatments (predictive validity). The currently proposed models are heteroge... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3231364 Fri, 29 Jan 2010 12:08:11 +0100 3231364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3224791&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F05n4321173705601%2F Abstract  Building on recent favourable outcomes using working memory (WM) training, this study examined the behavioural and physiological effect of concurrent computer-based WM and inhibition training for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). Using a double-blind active-control design, 29 children with AD/HD completed a 5-week at-home training programme and pre- and post-training sessions which included the assessment of overt behaviour, resting EEG, as well as task performance, skin conductance level and event-related potentials (ERPs) during a Go/Nogo task. Results indicated that after training, children from the high-intensity training condition showed reduced frequency of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms. Although there were trends for i... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3224791 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 06:48:13 +0100 3224791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3012294&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu1156j327q503w73%2F Abstract  Despite being a devastating psychiatric condition with high prevalence, ADHD has traditionally been widely under-researched, specifically in adult patients. Therefore, the recent surge in scientific projects focusing on ADHD is impressive. By reviewing selected research findings presented at the 2nd International Congress on ADHD, this paper gives an overview about current state-of-the art research in such different areas as diagnosis, classification, epidemiology, differential diagnosis and comorbidity, neurobiology (including molecular genetics, proteomics, neuroimaging and electrophysiology), environmental factors, modelling of ADHD, treatment (pharmacological and non-pharmacological), as well as forensic and social aspects. Content Type Journal ArticleCatego... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3012294 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:02:07 +0100 3012294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2988989&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F04x3683016873820%2F Abstract  Although maternal smoking during pregnancy has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Western countries, there is no empirical evidence in non-Caucasian. Purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring ADHD in Japanese population. A case–control study design was adopted. A total of 90 pairs of children with ADHD and mothers as well as 270 corresponding control pairs were recruited throughout the study period. A psychiatrist interviewed all the mothers of children with ADHD and control children and elicited information regarding their lifestyles during pregnancy, including active and passive smoking or drinking habits, as... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2988989 Wed, 11 Nov 2009 19:27:20 +0100 2988989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2970155&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr51q3147w930q3m1%2F Abstract  JR is an 18-year-old male with five-year history of going to bed late and waking up late. He gives history of poor frustration tolerance, inattention and fidgetiness in school for which he has been unsuccessfully been treated with stimulant medications for last 3 years. There is history of similar sleep problems in his father who works nights as a mechanic. JR’s sleep log shows him going to bed early morning and waking up late morning/afternoon. He shows no sleep maintenance problems and sleeps an average of 8 h per night. He shows no symptoms of depression, anxiety, inattention or hyperactivity during his hospital stay. He does not show any learning, cognitive, attention or intellectual deficits. He is currently not taking any medications. He is disch... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2970155 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 21:59:00 +0100 2970155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2939157&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F355077u7vj27178x%2F Abstract  Objective of the study was the investigation of the psychometric properties of a scale derived from the Kiddie-SADS used for a dimensional assessment of externalizing symptoms in children and adolescents. The scale consists of 26 DSM-IV Kiddie-SADS items for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 18 items) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD, 8 items). Patients and their mothers were interviewed separately on the patients’ symptoms during the last 2 weeks prior to interview. An ADHD–ODD sum score ranging between 0 and 26 was computed reflecting the number of fulfilled diagnostic criteria within the 2-week period under investigation. Interviews were videotaped and re-rated by an independent second rater. Additionally, mothers filled out two que... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2939157 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 18:08:22 +0100 2939157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2834204&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frm6p71412l087555%2F Abstract  To report on (1) psychometric properties of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) studied in adolescents with ADHD, (2) correlations of SES with ADHD scale scores, and (3) change in patient-reported self-esteem with atomoxetine treatment. ADHD patients (12–17 years), treated in an open-label study for 24 weeks. Secondary analyses on ADHD symptoms (assessed with ADHD-RS, CGI, GIPD scales) and self-esteem (SES) were performed. One hundred and fifty-nine patients were treated. A dichotomous structure of the SES could be confirmed. Reliability and internal consistency were moderate to excellent. Highest coefficients were found for the correlation between SES and GIPD scores. Self-esteem significantly increased over time, accompanied by an improvement of ADH... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2834204 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 06:04:26 +0100 2834204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2834205&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh415284m01687412%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to examine whether atomoxetine plasma concentration predicts attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) response. This post-hoc analysis assessed the relationship between atomoxetine plasma concentration and ADHD and ODD symptoms in patients (with ADHD and comorbid ODD) aged 6–12 years. Patients were randomly assigned to atomoxetine 1.2 mg/kg/day (n = 156) or placebo (n = 70) for 8 weeks (Study Period II). At the end of 8 weeks, ODD non-remitters (score >9 on the SNAP-IV ODD subscale and CGI-I > 2) with atomoxetine plasma concentration <800 ng/ml at 2 weeks were re-randomized to either atomoxetine 1.2 mg/kg/day or 2.4&... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2834205 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 06:04:25 +0100 2834205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2681760&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe218417051t86524%2F Abstract  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may have substantial impact on family life, peer interactions, and quality of life. Stimulants are recommended as first-line pharmacotherapy for ADHD. OROS® MPH (Concerta®) is a long-acting preparation with duration of effect for up to 12 h. In this 8-week, prospective, open-label, non-interventional trial the impact of therapy with OROS® MPH on functioning in four different areas of life (school, recreation, family life, and peer interaction), severity of disease, and quality of life (QoL) as well as tolerability were investigated under daily routine care. 306 patients, aged 10.2 ± 2.3 years, were either transitioned to OROS® MPH from short-acting, immediate-release MPH (-IR) preparations (n =&n... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2681760 Wed, 05 Aug 2009 18:07:43 +0100 2681760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2508742&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb871rt351340770r%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory AbstractsDOI 10.1007/s12402-009-0006-2 Journal ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity DisordersOnline ISSN 1866-6647Print ISSN 1866-6116 Journal Volume Volume 1 Journal Issue Volume 1, Number 1 / May, 2009 (Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders) ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2508742 Fri, 01 May 2009 06:48:33 +0100 2508742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2508743&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh61617714177404k%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialDOI 10.1007/s12402-009-0009-zAuthors Manfred Gerlach, University of Würzburg Laboratory for Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Füchsleinstrasse 15 97080 Würzburg Germany Journal ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity DisordersOnline ISSN 1866-6647Print ISSN 1866-6116 Journal Volume Volume 1 Journal Issue Volume 1, Number 1 / May, 2009 (Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders) ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2508743 Fri, 01 May 2009 06:48:31 +0100 2508743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2508744&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk798141807821615%2F Abstract  The neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α4 subunit (CHRNA4), at 20q13.2–q13.3, is an important candidate gene for conferring susceptibility to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Several studies have already looked for association/linkage between ADHD and CHRNA4 in different populations. We used the Pedigree Disequilibrium Test to search for evidence of association between ADHD and six SNP marker loci in families from the isolated Paisa population. We found that the T allele of SNP rs6090384 exhibits a deficit of transmission in unaffected individuals (OR = 5.43, IC 1.54–19.13) (global P value = 0.014). We also found significant association and linkage to extended haplotypes rs2273502-rs6090384 (combination of variants C–... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2508744 Sat, 25 Apr 2009 07:14:41 +0100 2508744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2508745&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd4q7113397786t2m%2F Abstract  The aim of the present study was to determine whether malingering of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be detected using a self-report rating scale. A sample of 78 university students was allocated to three different conditions. The conditions were (a) a control group, (b) a naïve simulation group and (c) a coached simulation group. Furthermore, 12 adult students with a diagnosed ADHD participated in the present study. Participants were administered the Brown Attention Deficit Disorder Scale for Adults. While the control group and the patient group were asked to complete the scale with accuracy, the simulation groups were requested to feign an ADHD. Statistical analysis revealed that both simulation groups were able to successfully feign a... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2508745 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 07:05:01 +0100 2508745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2508746&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv252h07795lu8638%2F The objective of our randomized controlled multicentre trial is to evaluate whether the treatment of maternal ADHD improves the efficacy of a behavioural parent training for children’s ADHD. One hundred and forty-four mother–child pairs, both affected by ADHD according to DSM-IV, will be treated at five sites in Germany. Mothers are randomized to manualized cognitive-behavioural group psychotherapy plus open methylphenidate treatment or to control treatment (supportive counselling). After 13 weeks of treatment, manualized behavioural parent training will be administered to all mother–child pairs. Therapists are graduated psychologists or physicians. Treatment integrity will be established by independent supervision. Primary endpoint (child’s externalizing symptoms) is ra... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2508746 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 07:04:59 +0100 2508746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2508747&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg628448000028818%2F Abstract  The paper discusses areas of behavioral functioning of children with intellectual disability, such as behavior with or without hyperactivity. The study covered 124 children with intellectual disability attending elementary schools in Belgrade. The Conners Rating Scale was used, and the areas of behavior in the classroom, participation in the group and attitude towards authority were covered. The results of our study suggest the presence of disorders in behavior and social–emotional functioning ranging from 11.2 to 40.4%. We have highlighted the importance of the use of multimodal approach and method of reeducation of psychomotor activity in rehabilitation of the studied children. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12402-009-0005-... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2508747 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 11:21:33 +0100 2508747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2508748&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft5410p6987570841%2F Abstract  Research on different subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) yielded inconsistent results regarding the nature of cognitive deficits. Whereas some studies report significant differences between subtypes, others fail to report these differences. In fact, the majority of studies in the field of ADHD does not differentiate between subtypes at all. The present study adopted the cognitive task of negating valence to compare the DSM-defined ADHD combined subtype (ADHD-C; n = 25), the inattentive subtype (ADHD-I; n = 25) and the control group (n = 30). As a main result, children with ADHD-C showed significant impairments compared to children with ADHD-I and the control group on conscious responses—driven by executive fun... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2508748 Tue, 07 Apr 2009 05:54:09 +0100 2508748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2508749&cid=s_38763_172_f&fid=38763&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7x48w70071p44p84%2F This study aimed to delineate differences and similarities between ADHD and BPD with respect to borderline typical symptomatology and gender specifics. Borderline symptomatology was assessed in 60 adult patients with ADHD with the borderline symptom list (BSL) and compared to both 60 gender- and age-matched BPD patients and control subjects. The BSL is a standardized instrument including 95 items on 7 subscales (self-perception, affect regulation, self-destruction, dysphoria, loneliness, intrusions and hostility). Adult ADHD patients showed significantly higher BSL total scores and all of the seven subscales compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001) but lower scores than BPD patients (p < 0.001). With respect to the seven subscales, the largest differences bet... ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2508749 Tue, 17 Feb 2009 12:59:17 +0100 2508749