MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Addictive Behaviors' source. Tue, 07 Feb 2012 12:26:42 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5641581&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22273585%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol use among South African adults is associated with sexual risk behaviors, but this association differs by partner type. Findings suggest the need to strengthen alcohol use components in sexual risk reduction interventions especially for participants with both steady and casual sex partners. PMID: 22273585 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5641581 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5641581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5641580&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22277772%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Radliff KM, Wheaton JE, Robinson K, Morris J Abstract The increased prevalence and negative impact of bullying and substance use among youth has been established independently in the literature; however, few researchers have examined the association between involvement in bullying and substance use across middle and high school youth. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the self-reported prevalence of bullying and substance use (alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana) among youth in middle and high school. Middle and high school students from 16 school districts across a large metropolitan area (N=78,333) completed a school-based survey. Scales were created to examine involvement in bullying, victimization, and substance use. A link between involvement in bullying and s... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5641580 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5641580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5641579&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22281284%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McDermott MS, West R, Brose LS, McEwen A Abstract The primary aim of the current study is to investigate the self-reported practices, attitudes and levels of training of stop smoking practitioners (SSPs) working at the English National Health Service's (NHS) Stop Smoking Services (SSSs). A secondary aim was to investigate differences between 'Specialist' and 'Community' SSPs. An online survey was conducted with 484 SSPs. Most (94%) SSPs offered one-to-one appointments to smokers, only 43% always used the abrupt quit model and 30% reported ever recommending particular medication to clients. SSPs reported an average of 3.7days training when starting work and 26% reported never observing an experienced practitioner before seeing clients of their own. Over half (56%) never rec... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5641579 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5641579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5345950&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21981788%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Creative combinations of psychotherapies, behavioral and pharmacological interventions offer the most effective treatment for comorbidity. Intensity of treatment must be increased for severe comorbid conditions such as the schizophrenia/cannabis dependence comorbidity due to the limitations of pharmacological treatments. PMID: 21981788 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5345950 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 09:30:47 +0100 5345950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5345949&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21981824%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Henges AL, Marczinski CA Abstract Impulsivity may have different facets that contribute to drinking patterns in young people. This research examined how aspects of impulse control, especially the ability to inhibit a response, predicted recent alcohol use patterns in young social drinkers. Participants (N=109) between the ages of 18 and 21 performed a cued go/no-go task that required quick responses to go targets and the inhibition of responses to no-go targets. Participants also completed several questionnaires that assessed drinking habits (TLFB) and self-reported impulsivity (BIS-11). Regression analyses revealed that both the impulsivity questionnaire scores and the inhibitory failures observed on the behavioral task predicted various aspects of recent drinking. Howeve... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5345949 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5345949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5345947&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21996093%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: BD is associated with poorer performance of executive functions subserved by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The results do not support enhanced vulnerability of women to alcohol neurotoxic effects. These difficulties may reflect developmental delay or frontal lobe dysfunction. PMID: 21996093 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5345947 Sun, 25 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5345947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5345946&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001084%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Srisurapanont M, Kittiratanapaiboon P, Likhitsathian S, Kongsuk T, Suttajit S, Junsirimongkol B Abstract In Caucasians, the patterns of alcohol use disorders in women and adolescents are likely to be different from those in men and adults, respectively. The authors examined these differences in a Southeast Asian sample of Thai people living in communities. A two-parameter logistic model of the IRT log-likelihood-ratio (IRTLR) test for differential item functioning (DIF) procedure was used. Participants were a subsample of 3718 current drinkers participating in the 2008 Thai National Mental Health Survey (n=17,140). The 1-year prevalence rates of alcohol dependence were 1.4% in women and 13.7% in men. Based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), alcoho... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5345946 Sun, 25 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5345946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5345948&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983294%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mayet A, Legleye S, Falissard B, Chau N Abstract The aim of this study was to confirm the influence of cannabis use patterns on the probability of initiation with other illicit drugs (OID). A French nationwide retrospective cohort on drug use was reconstituted on 29,393 teenagers. A Markov multi-state model was fitted, modelling all possible pathways from initial abstinence to cannabis initiation, daily cannabis use and OID initiation. The model was adjusted for tobacco and alcohol use. The risk for OID initiation appeared 21 times higher among cannabis experimenters and 124 times higher among daily cannabis users than among non-users. Tobacco and alcohol use were associated with a greater risk of moving on to cannabis initiation (hazard ratio (HR)=1.2 for tobacco initiati... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5345948 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5345948 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298342&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978930%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Individual differences that influence perceptions of expected support are likely to influence intervention participation and engagement. Thus, understanding factors associated with expected positive and negative support is necessary to optimize future implementation of support-based cessation interventions through better treatment matching. PMID: 21978930 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298342 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298346&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968227%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to offer effective smoking cessation to small groups of patients in rural or remote locations through Telehealth videoconferencing technology, which produces quit rates similar to in-person groups. PMID: 21968227 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298346 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298345&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968229%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brook JS, Rubenstone E, Zhang C, Brook DW Abstract This is the first study to examine maternal predictors of comorbid trajectories of cigarette smoking and marijuana use from adolescence to adulthood. Participants (N=806) are part of an on-going longitudinal psychosocial study of mothers and their children. Mothers were administered structured interviews when participants were adolescents, and participants were interviewed at six time waves, from adolescence to adulthood. Mothers and participants independently reported on their relationships when participants were X¯ age 14.1years. At each time wave, participants answered questions about their cigarette and marijuana use from the previous wave to the present. Latent growth mixture modeling determined the participants' mem... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298345 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298344&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968230%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sordo L, Chahua M, Bravo MJ, Barrio G, Brugal MT, Domingo-Salvany A, Molist G, De la Fuente L, Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of recent (last 12months) depression in regular young heroin users and to ascertain factors associated with depression in this population, broken down by gender. A sample of 561 participants completed a cross-sectional survey. Eligibility criteria were: age 30years or younger, and having used heroin for at least 12days in the last 12months and at least one day in the last 3months. Participants were recruited outside of health-care facilities in the cities of Barcelona, Madrid and Seville by targeted sampling and chain referral methods. Depression was assessed using the World Mental Health Composite International Diag... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298344 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298343&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21975024%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that elevations in serum hepatic enzymes, especially AST and GGT, are common in adults who are excessive current drinkers. There is evidence to suggest that excessive current drinkers with a history of protracted drinking are especially vulnerable to potential liver injury. These findings lend further support to the early identification of excessive drinkers who may have an increased risk for alcohol-related morbidity and mortality in health care settings. PMID: 21975024 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298343 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281702&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21963151%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dunn M, Thomas JO Abstract Much of the literature investigating the relationship between sports participation and substance use has focused upon student populations, with little focus being given to athletes who participate at elite levels. Identifying why some athletes may be at a greater risk for substance use can help in the design and implementation of prevention initiatives. Data for the current study was from 1684 self-complete surveys with elite Australian athletes. Eight percent (n=134) of the sample reported the use of at least one of the six illicit drugs under investigation (ecstasy, cannabis, cocaine, meth/amphetamine, ketamine and GHB) in the past year. Having been offered or having had the opportunity to use illicit drugs in the past year, knowing other athle... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281702 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281700&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21963316%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Donovan E, Wood M, Frayjo K, Black RA, Surette DA Abstract Alcohol consumption among college students remains a major public health concern. Universal, Web-based interventions to reduce risks associated with student alcohol consumption have been found to be effective in changing their alcohol-related behavior. Recent studies also indicate that parent-based interventions, delivered in booklet form, are effective. A parent-based intervention that is also Web-based may be well suited to a dispersed parent population; however, no such tool is currently available. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of an online parent-based intervention designed to (1) increase communication between parents and students about alcohol and (2) reduce risks associated with alcohol ... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281700 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281709&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21945010%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides a comparative test of the one- and two-component theories of planned behavior (TPB) in the context of university undergraduates' binge-drinking. Participants (N=120) self-completed questionnaire measures of all TPB constructs at time 1 and subsequent binge-drinking at time 2 (two-weeks later). The data were analyzed using a combination of path analyses and bootstrapping procedures. Both models accounted for a substantial proportion of the variation in behavior. However, the two-component TPB provided a significantly better fit to the data, with the total direct and indirect effects accounting for 90% of the variance. Intention was the only direct predictor of behavior. Instrumental attitude, affective attitude and self-efficacy had indirect effects. Although health inte... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281709 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281708&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21945011%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This work found differential impacts of the social network on smoking suggesting that understanding relationship type, not simply number of smokers, may be important for smoking cessation efforts. Understanding differences in social network influences on smoking can help to inform interventions. PMID: 21945011 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281708 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281707&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21955873%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Patten CA, Hughes CA, Lopez KN, Thomas JL, Brockman TA, Smith CM, Decker PA, Rock E, Clark LP, Offord KP Abstract A novel approach to tobacco control is to engage adolescent nonsmokers in support roles to encourage and help their parents stop smoking. This pilot study examined the feasibility and potential efficacy of a web-based support skills training (SST) intervention for adolescents to help a parent stop smoking. Forty nonsmoking adolescents 13-19years of age (70% female, 93% White) were enrolled and randomly assigned to a health education (HE) control group (n=20) or SST (n=20). Both consisted of written materials and five weekly, 30min, web-based, counselor-facilitated group sessions. Parents were enrolled for assessments only. Adolescents and parents completed asse... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281707 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281706&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21955874%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shin SH, Hong HG, Jeon SM Abstract Research has shown that personality traits associated with impulsivity influence alcohol use during emerging adulthood, yet relatively few studies have examined how distinct facets of impulsivity are associated with alcohol use and abuse. We examine the influence of impulsivity traits on four patterns of alcohol use including frequency of alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, binge drinking, and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in a community sample of young individuals (N=190). In multivariate regression analyses that controlled for peer and parental alcohol use, psychological distress, and developmental correlates (i.e., college, marriage, employment) in emerging adulthood, we found that urgency and sensation seeking were consistently rela... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281706 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281705&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21958588%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bujarski SJ, Feldner MT, Lewis SF, Babson KA, Trainor CD, Leen-Feldner E, Badour CL, Bonn-Miller MO Abstract Contemporary comorbidity theory postulates that people suffering from posttraumatic stress symptoms may use substances to cope with negative affect generally and posttraumatic stress symptoms specifically. The present study involves the examination of the unique relation between past two-week posttraumatic stress symptom frequency and motives for marijuana use after accounting for general levels of negative affectivity as well as variability associated with gender. Participants were 61 marijuana-using adolescents (M(age)=15.81) who reported experiencing lifetime exposure to at least one traumatic event. Consistent with predictions, past two-week posttraumatic stress... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281705 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281701&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21963152%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Smokers with and without schizophrenia have higher rates of delay discounting than non-smokers. However, in schizophrenia, rapid delay discounting appears to be a trait associated with having ever been a smoker (i.e., current and former smoking). PMID: 21963152 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281701 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5261699&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21930347%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrated that active engagement in problem solving like utilizing avoidant and reflective styles of problem solving enhances abstinence. In treatment, expanding the behavior repertoire and increasing the variety of ways of problem solving ways that can be utilized in daily life should be one of the major goals of the treatment program. PMID: 21930347 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5261699 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5261699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5261700&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21930346%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Williams M, Jayawickreme N, Sposato R, Foa EB Abstract Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) changes the way people think about themselves, others, and the safety of the world. These cognitions may play a role in alcohol dependence, where alcohol dependence is maintained as an attempt to manage posttraumatic anxiety. The current study examined black-white differences in various PTSD cognitions and their relationship to symptoms of alcohol dependence in a dually diagnosed sample (N=167). Analyses revealed racial differences in trauma cognitions and their impact on symptoms of alcohol dependence, suggesting that trauma cognitions are more strongly associated with adverse consequences of drinking and alcohol craving severity among African Americans than European Americans. Add... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5261700 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5261700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233101&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21920671%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Prevalence of "current" premature ejaculation was almost 3 times greater than reported in the general population. A significant number of patients perceived heroin to be beneficial on PE. Presence of sexual dysfunction could therefore be a risk factor for relapse into heroin misuse. Most clinicians avoid asking patients questions of a sexual nature. Nevertheless, managing sexual difficulties among patients with opiate misuse could be a significant step in relapse prevention. PMID: 21920671 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233101 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5233101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219361&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21907496%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Proactive recruitment of smokers in combination with the provision of an internet program for smoking cessation allow for an inexpensive and effective smoking cessation support during and after inpatient rehabilitation treatment. PMID: 21907496 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219361 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219360&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21907497%26dopt%3DAbstract This study used latent class growth analysis to identify trajectories of cocaine use over a year and explored individual and substance use factors associated with these trajectories. A sample of 400 young adults (mean age=23.9years) with recent club drug use were recruited from New York City bars and nightclubs using time-space sampling. Participants completed quantitative measures at baseline, 4-, 8- and 12-months follow-up. A 4-class model fit the data best. Patterns were: Consistent use (48%), Inconsistent use (14%), Decreasing Likelihood of use (28%), and Consistent non-use (11%). Those most likely to be in the Consistent use class had the highest frequency of baseline club drug dependence (χ(2) (3, 397)=15.1, p<.01), cocaine dependence (χ(2) (3, 397)=18.9, p<.01), recent alcoh... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219360 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219364&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880433%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined how drinking patterns change as adolescents transition to high school, particularly as a function of parental involvement. Stress associated with the transition to high school may deplete psychological resources for coping with negative daily emotions in an environment when opportunities to drink are more common. A cohort of elevated-risk middle school students completed daily negative affect (sadness, worry, anger, and stress) and alcohol use assessments before and after the transition to high school, resulting in a measurement burst design. Adolescents who reported less parental involvement were at higher risk for drinking on any given day. After (but not before) the transition to high school, daily within-person fluctuations of sadness predicted an increased probability of s... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219364 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219363&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885197%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Despite increased evidence for the effectiveness of substance abuse treatment, utilization of these services by adolescents has remained low and relatively stable over the past 22years. Attempts to increase utilization of substance abuse treatment services would likely benefit from building on existing connections with mental health treatment. PMID: 21885197 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219363 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219365&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880431%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with prescription opioid use disorders markedly underutilize treatment. Non-financial barriers are pervasive, including stigma and a lack of perceived treatment need. PMID: 21880431 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219365 Sun, 07 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219362&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889853%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martin-Storey A, Serbin LA, Stack DM, Ledingham JE, Schwartzman AE Abstract While childhood behaviors such as aggression, social withdrawal and likeability have been linked to substance abuse outcomes in adolescence and adulthood, the mechanisms by which these variables relate are not yet well established. Self and peer perceptions of childhood behaviors in men and women were compared to assess the role of context in the prediction of drug and alcohol abuse and dependence. Participants (N=676) in an ongoing longitudinal project examining the relation between childhood behavior and adult mental health outcomes completed the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM IV regarding their histories of substance abuse in mid-adulthood (mean age=34, SD=2). In women, higher levels ... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219362 Sun, 07 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5176956&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21868172%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Smoking susceptibility rose over time for all adolescents, but boys had notably sharper increases. Positive peers and having resources important to resilience may be beneficial in preventing the attitudes that support smoking initiation. Based on these results, we recommend gender-tailored, school-based smoking prevention programs that begin in grade six. PMID: 21868172 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5176956 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5176956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157548&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862229%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buettner CK, Khurana A, Slesnick N Abstract The present research focuses on the party related drinking behaviors of college students and explores the differences in these behaviors based on students' host status (i.e. party host vs. party attendee). Furthermore, we examine if the differences in party hosts and attendees' drinking behaviors vary as a function of the party location (on-campus vs. off-campus). Multiple regression analyses were conducted using data from 3796 undergraduates at a Midwestern University. Findings revealed a significant interaction between host status and party location, such that student party hosts reported significantly greater drink consumption and related consequences as compared to party attendees, only when the party was organized off-campus... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157548 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157547&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862230%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pollard MS, Tucker JS, Green HD, P Kennedy D, Go MH Abstract Research on sexual orientation and substance use has established that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals are more likely to smoke than heterosexuals. This analysis furthers the examination of smoking behaviors across sexual orientation groups by describing how same- and opposite-sex romantic attraction, and changes in romantic attraction, are associated with distinct six-year developmental trajectories of smoking. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health dataset is used to test our hypotheses. Multinomial logistic regressions predicting smoking trajectory membership as a function of romantic attraction were separately estimated for men and women. Romantic attraction effects were found only f... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157547 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157552&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21855223%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These results support previous work finding a compensatory effect of acute nicotine administration on attentional performance in alcoholics and reinforce the consideration of recent nicotine use as a confound in neurocognitive studies of alcoholics. Of particular interest is the finding that smoking history as reflected in pack-years predicted poorer performance, but only among alcoholics. Further systematic study of these opposing effects among alcoholics and other groups using a broader array of tasks is needed. PMID: 21855223 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157552 Wed, 03 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157549&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862228%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: June KM, Norton KJ, Rees VW, O'Connor RJ Abstract While cigarette puffing style, measured by smoking topography, is highly variable between individuals, smoking behavior or style tends to vary relatively little within individuals. Recent research has demonstrated that certain situational factors may produce variation in smoking topography, including location of smoking. Smoking topography directly observed by researchers in a laboratory may differ from that indirectly observed via portable measurement devices at participants' homes. The introduction of clean indoor air laws may also influence smokers' puffing styles, as smokers modify their smoking topography to ensure a quicker, more efficient smoking style. The goal of this analysis was to examine whether directly observ... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157549 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157551&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21855225%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hedden SL, Gfroerer JC Abstract Although millions of adults meet criteria for substance use disorder (SUD) in the U.S., only a fraction receive treatment. This may be due to individuals with SUD not perceiving a need for treatment. In order to distinguish persons with SUD who perceive a need for treatment from those who do not, correlates for the perceived need for treatment were assessed for respondents with alcohol use disorder only, drug use disorder only and both alcohol and drug use disorder. Data were from the combined 2005-2009 datasets of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Results demonstrated that among respondents who need treatment but did not receive treatment fo... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157551 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157550&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862227%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jardin BF, Larowe SD, Hall BJ, Malcolm RJ Abstract The present study assessed the factor structure, reliability, test retest, convergent validity, and predictive validity of the Obsessive Compulsive Cocaine Scale (OCCS), a newly developed questionnaire adapted from the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). The questionnaire was administered to 189 cocaine-dependent individuals participating in two medication treatment trials for cocaine dependence. Confirmatory factor analysis of this measure revealed that it primarily assesses two factors, obsessions and compulsions. In addition, the data provided strong support for the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, predictive validity, and convergent validity of this two-factor measure. Overall, the data provide su... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157550 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157546&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862231%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reed MB, Clapp JD, Weber M, Trim R, Lange J, Shillington AM Abstract Pre-drinking (e.g., pre-gaming, pre-loading) occurs frequently among young adult and college-aged drinkers and is associated with increased intoxication as well as alcohol-related problems. The purpose of the following study was to examine pre-drinking behaviors in situ, and to test whether drinking intentions mediate the relationship between heavy episodic drinking history and pre-drinking behaviors. We randomly selected a sample of 1040 young adults bar patrons at 32 bars in a major metropolitan city in Southern California and asked participants to complete an interview concerning drinking behavior as well as provide a breath sample used to measure breath alcohol concentration. We used multilevel path a... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157546 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141716&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21849230%26dopt%3DAbstract This study extends findings regarding the association between PTSD symptoms and smoking among an understudied population - IPV-exposed women. The relationship between PTSD symptoms and smoking differed across PTSD symptom clusters and expectancy scales, which may have implications for treatment development. The fact that expectancies and PTSD symptoms are related to smoking behavior among IPV-exposed women may be important for enhancing prevention and intervention efforts. PMID: 21849230 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141716 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141715&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21849231%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: College students who smoke occasionally appear to engage in impression management, taking effort to shape their personal image to not appear as a smoker. They use smoking mainly as a social engagement tool, but also to alleviate negative emotions. They express minimal desire to quit and believe they are immune to the health risks of smoking. Public health messages should address this common pattern of smoking among young adults differently than regular smoking patterns by highlighting the social, emotional, and health consequences of occasional smoking before nicotine dependence has fully developed. PMID: 21849231 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141715 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141714&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21849232%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kadden RM, Litt MD Abstract Self-efficacy is the belief that one has the ability to implement the behaviors needed to produce a desired effect. There has been growing interest in the role of self-efficacy as a predictor and/or mediator of treatment outcome in a number of domains. The present paper reviews the recent literature on self-efficacy in the substance abuse field. In numerous studies of substance abuse treatment, self-efficacy has emerged as an important predictor of outcome, or as a mediator of treatment effects. Despite these repeated positive findings, the self-efficacy concept has had little impact on the design of treatments. Since the concept was first introduced, there have been numerous suggestions regarding the means by which self-efficacy may be enhanced... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141714 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141713&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21849233%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that increments in rates of screening and BI delivered by GPs can result in cost-effective reductions per additional risky drinkers reducing their drinking to low-risk levels, relative to current practice. They also imply that achieving substantial reductions in the prevalence of risky drinking in a community will require strategies other than opportunistic screening and BIs by GPs. PMID: 21849233 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141713 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141712&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21849234%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smerdon MJ, Francis AJ Abstract Extending recent studies showing that sensitivity to reward and outcome expectancies are associated with problematic alcohol and cannabis use, we undertook to determine if similar relationships would hold for ecstasy. One hundred and twenty five males and females aged between 18 and 35years were recruited from RMIT University and through snowball sampling. Participants completed a questionnaire package measuring frequency, amount and first age of ecstasy use, sensitivity to reward and punishment as well as outcome expectancies relating to ecstasy use. Frequency of ecstasy use was significantly related to reward sensitivity (p<.05) and positive outcome expectancies (p<.01). Regression analysis revealed significant prediction of ecstasy ... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141712 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141721&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21835550%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined prevalence of alcohol dependence symptoms and diagnosis among a nationally representative sample of recent onset adolescent drinkers aged 12-21years (mean 17years) across different levels of drinking drawn from National Survey of Drug Use and Health (N=9490). We assessed whether the relationship between level of alcohol use and alcohol dependence was similar for individuals from different socio-demographic groups (i.e., gender, age group, ethnic group, family income, and substance use in the past year). The most prevalent DSM-IV alcohol dependence criteria at low levels of alcohol use were "unsuccessful efforts to cut down", "tolerance", and "time spent" in activities necessary to obtain alcohol or recover from its effect. Logistic regression with polynomial contrasts i... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141721 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141717&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21840646%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the smoking related behaviors of Hispanic young adult college students as part of a larger study that assessed characteristics of Hispanic smokers in a metropolitan area on the U.S./México border. One hundred seventy-four English-speaking Hispanic college students completed questionnaires that assessed tobacco use, drug/alcohol use, body mass index, weight concerns, acculturation, depressive symptoms, and expired carbon monoxide level. Of the 74 smoking participants (42.5% of the sample), 77% reported light or intermittent smoking. Univariate analyses and a backward elimination logistic regression model were used to compare smokers' and nonsmokers' characteristics. Significant univariate differences between smokers and nonsmokers were higher reported weekly alcohol use... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141717 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141728&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21820810%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: A small subset of individuals report cannabis without tobacco use. Of those who use both cannabis and tobacco, a small group report cannabis use prior to tobacco use. Follow-up analyses that chart the trajectories of these individuals will be required to delineate their course of substance involvement. PMID: 21820810 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141728 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141727&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21820811%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Treloar HR, McCarthy DM Abstract We tested the interaction of a mood manipulation with positive and negative urgency on activation of general and specific alcohol expectancies. In Study 1, high negative urgency was associated with increased positive-alcohol IAT scores following a negative mood induction, F(1, 93)=5.71, p<.01. In Study 2, high positive and negative urgency were associated with faster ETASK reaction times for global positive and tension reduction expectancies. These associations did not differ across mood conditions or expectancy subtypes. Our results suggest that positive and negative urgency are associated with increased activation of general, positive alcohol cognitions, rather than mood-specific subtypes. PMID: 21820811 [PubMed - as supplied by pu... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141727 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141724&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21821364%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The review identified and described 13 instruments that could be useful in general hospital wards. There is however lack of evaluation of illicit drug use screening instruments in general hospital wards. Currently clinicians or researchers searching for a simple, reliable, general screening instrument for current drug use to guide practice or research in general hospital wards do not have enough comparative evidence to choose between the available measures. PMID: 21821364 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141724 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141722&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21831528%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang L, Wieczorek WF, Welte JW Abstract Building upon the literature in developmental and life-course criminology, the present study assesses the possible association of age onset of delinquency with the trajectory of alcohol-impaired driving using data collected from the three waves of the Buffalo Longitudinal Survey of Young Men (BLSYM). It is argued that as a unique form of delinquency, alcohol-impaired driving among adolescents may be better understood in a broad context of adolescent delinquency involvement. The study adopts the general approach for the analysis of early onset of delinquency and criminal careers in developmental and life-course criminology and hypothesizes that early onset of delinquency is associated with a higher growth of alcohol-impaired driving ... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141722 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141722 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141719&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21835552%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: This pilot trial of varenicline in hospitalized smokers demonstrated feasibility of implementation, produced some hypothesis-generating findings, and suggested the potential benefit of face-to-face treatment following discharge. PMID: 21835552 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141719 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141718&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21840130%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Students who consume AmED are at increased risk for harms. Therefore, consuming AmED should be considered "high-risk drinking" for university students and efforts should be made to discourage combined consumption. PMID: 21840130 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141718 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141729&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21820248%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ayer L, Rettew D, Althoff RR, Willemsen G, Ligthart L, Hudziak JJ, Boomsma DI Abstract Personality traits and socioeconomic factors such as neighborhood income have been identified as risk factors for future alcohol abuse, but findings have been inconsistent possibly due to interactions between risk and protective factors. The present study examined the prediction of drinking behavior using empirically derived multi-trait patterns and tested for moderation by average neighborhood income. Using latent profile analysis (LPA) in a sample of 863 Dutch adolescents, four empirical personality profiles based on 6 traits were observed: Extraverted, Dysregulated, Neurotic, and Regulated. Dysregulated and Extraverted youth drank higher quantities of alcohol more frequently in young ... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141729 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141726&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21821362%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that brief alcohol interventions may have a differential impact on alcohol-related outcomes based on whether or not women have experienced recent sexual violence. PMID: 21821362 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141726 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141725&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21821363%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vu M, Leatherdale ST, Ahmed R Abstract Understanding factors associated with youth cigarette access behaviours can provide insight into the development of more effective means of preventing youth from accessing cigarettes. This cross-sectional study used self-reported data collected from 41,886 students in grades 9 to 12 who participated in the 2006-07 Youth Smoking Survey to examine the student- and school-level characteristics that differentiate youth smokers who usually access cigarettes from a social source versus buying their own from retailers. Multi-level regression analyses revealed significant between-school variability in the odds of a smoking student reporting that they usually buy their own cigarettes. Important student-level characteristics associated with how... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141725 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141723&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21821365%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pearson MR, D'Lima GM, Kelley ML Abstract Alcohol misuse among college students is a large public health concern, thus, it is imperative to identify factors that reduce this risk. One risk factor associated with developing alcohol-related problems is meeting criteria for being an adult child of an alcoholic (ACOA). Conversely, self-regulation has been identified as a protective factor that is inversely associated with drinking-related outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether self-regulation buffers the risk associated with ACOA status on alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences. In a sample of 195 first-year college students, we found that ACOA status had a unique effect on both alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. Self-regulat... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141723 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141720&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21835551%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the high mortality of heroin addicts even after enrollment in MMT. Severity of the addiction in terms of mortality was similar in both genders. Women who survived the 25-year follow-up were more likely to have stopped using heroin than men. PMID: 21835551 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141720 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5104364&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21816543%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Among AA light smokers, younger individuals and females were more likely to smoke menthol cigarettes and may be more susceptible to the health effects of smoking. Appropriately targeted health education campaigns are needed to prevent smoking uptake in this high-risk population. PMID: 21816543 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5104364 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5104364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5104365&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21813246%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined the relationships between sexual assault, subsequent drinking behavior and consequences, and alcohol expectancies in a sample of 306 undergraduate women who reported current alcohol use and reported either no trauma history (n=53), non-AIA (n=69), or AIA (n=184). Differences emerged for alcohol use (F(2, 298)=12.78, p<.001), peak blood alcohol content (F(2, 298)=9.66, p<.001), consequences (F(2, 296)=7.38, p<.005), and positive alcohol expectancies (F(14, 796)=1.93, p<.05). In particular, women with an AIA reported greater alcohol use and positive expectancies compared to women with no trauma history and women with a non-alcohol influenced assault. In addition, both assault groups reported greater drinking consequences than women with no trauma histor... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5104365 Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5104365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5104368&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21782346%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Doyle SR, Donovan DM, Simpson TL The Desired Effects of Drinking (DEOD) is a 36-item, 9-subscale, self-report measure assessing reasons for drinking, concerning three general motives for alcohol use: Coping, Social, and Enhancement. These subscales include Negative Feelings, Self-esteem, Relief, Positive Feelings, Social Facilitation, Assertion, Drug Effects, Sexual Enhancement, and Mental effects. As part of the COMBINE study, scores from the nine DEOD subscales, along with additional information about alcohol consumption and consequences, were incorporated into personalized client feedback as part of a motivational enhancement intervention and as a guide for the development of a plan for treatment and change. With responses from a clinical sample of 572 individuals seeking a... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5104368 Mon, 04 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5104368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5104367&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21782347%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) traits were compared in a clinical sample (N=704, age 18-45) with current, past, or no historical alcohol or non-alcohol substance use disorders (AUD and NASUD) as assessed by DSM-IV semi-structured interview. Results corroborated previous research in showing associations of negative temperament and disinhibition to SUD, highlighting the importance of these traits for indicating substance use proclivity or the chronic effects of substance use. Certain traits (manipulativeness, self-harm, disinhibition, and impulsivity for AUD, and disinhibition and exhibitionism for NASUD) were higher among individuals with current relative to past diagnoses, perhaps indicating concurrent effects of substance abuse on personality. The p... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5104367 Mon, 04 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5104367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5104366&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21794987%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mayet A, Legleye S, Chau N, Falissard B Use of a given substance may follow a stage process leading from onset to regular use, and use of one substance can be strongly associated with use of another. The aim of this study was to describe the transitions between tobacco and cannabis use. Data was derived from a French nationwide survey involving 29,393 teenagers. A homogenous Markov multi-state model (MSM) was fitted. The substance use pattern modeled was: no lifetime use→1 (2) substance(s) initiation→1 (2) daily substance(s) use, with pathways between tobacco and cannabis. The likelihood of first initiating tobacco appeared 17.6 times greater than the likelihood of initiating cannabis. Once a subject has experimented with one substance, the risk of another substance experi... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5104366 Mon, 04 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5104366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058434&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21764222%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The TSAPS shows promise as a psychometrically sound, internally reliable measure of 12 step affiliation and practices among individuals with substance dependence. PMID: 21764222 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058434 Mon, 04 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058437&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21745714%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ford JA, Watkins WC, Blumenstein L Salvia, a hallucinogenic plant legally available in most of the United States, has become a widely discussed drug in the media. The extant research on Salvia use relies on non-probability samples and studies of college students. There is a clear need for research that identifies the correlates of Salvia use using data from a large sample that is nationally representative. The current study fills this important gap in the literature by using data from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. This survey includes data from nearly 70,000 respondents ages 12 and older living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. Due to survey design, separate analyses are conducted among adolescents and adults. Findings indicate that 1.66% o... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058437 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058439&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21741178%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caselli G, Spada MM Desire thinking is a voluntary cognitive process involving verbal and imaginal elaboration of a desired target. Recent research has highlighted the role of desire thinking in the maintenance of addictive, eating and impulse control disorders. The goal of this research project was to develop the first self-report measure of desire thinking. In Study 1 we constructed the Desire Thinking Questionnaire (DTQ) and conducted a preliminary factor analysis which identified two factors. The first factor concerned the perseveration of verbal thoughts about desire-related content and experience and was named 'Verbal Perseveration'. The second factor concerned the tendency to prefigure images about desire-related content and experience and was named 'Imaginal Prefigurat... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058439 Sun, 26 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058436&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752550%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guaderrama MM, Corwin EJ, Kapelewski CH, Klein LC The present study examined plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels in 18 smokers (10 men, 8 women) and in 22 non-smokers (12 men, 10 women). Non-smokers came to the laboratory once, whereas smokers came twice: while smoking freely and following 24-hr abstinence. Plasma was collected for AVP assessment; salivary cotinine and expired carbon monoxide levels confirmed smoking status. Among non-smokers, men had higher AVP levels than did women (p<0.05). Among smokers, however, women displayed higher AVP levels than did men both while smoking and following abstinence (p's<0.05). Among men, smoking resulted in lower AVP levels compared to non-smoking men. In contrast, women who smoked displayed higher AVP levels compared to the... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058436 Sun, 26 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058436 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058435&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21763076%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether perceived susceptibility to and severity of two injection-related health conditions (i.e., non-fatal overdose and bacterial infections), and perceived benefits of, barriers to, self-efficacy to, social acceptance of, and recent use of two harm-reduction behaviors (i.e., injecting test shots and pre-injection skin cleaning), predicted injecting drug users' near-term intentions to engage in these two strategies. Recent past use of these two behaviors consistently and positively predicted near-term intentions in each of four drug-use situations (i.e., in withdrawal, not in withdrawal, alone, and with others). Perceived susceptibility to non-fatal overdose predicted intentions to do test shots, but only when participants imagined not being in withdrawal or injecting when al... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058435 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058438&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21741769%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alexander D, Leung P Clinicians need cannabis-specific diagnostic screens compatible with DSM-IV-TR and proposed DSM-5. A clinical sample (n=174) completed the DSM-Guided-Cannabis Screen (DSM-G-CS) 21 and 11 criteria versions and three drug comparison measures. DSM-G-CS descriptive statistics, reliabilities, three factor analyses, and eight ROC and discriminant analyses evaluated construct validity and empirical scoring. DSM-G-CS reliabilities are .88 (21-items) and .85 (11-criteria). Factor analyses (FA) with varimax rotation derived six and three factors explaining 62% to 60% of variances for the DSM-G-CS 21 and 11 respectively, with ≥.400 loadings supporting retention of all items. Cannabis withdrawal subscale reliability .952 (10-items) and FA supported one factor compos... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058438 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009979&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21733631%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Palfai TP, Ralston TE The main objective of the present study was to advance our understanding of how life goals are associated with hazardous alcohol use among first-year university students. One-hundred and seventeen students rated a series of self-generated life goals on meaning and efficacy and then completed alcohol assessments. Higher goal meaning ratings were associated with less alcohol use and fewer heavy drinking episodes. Tests of indirect effects showed that the associations between goal meaning ratings and alcohol use indices were mediated by motives to limit drinking, particularly the motive to maintain self-control/standards. These results replicate and extend previous work on goal meaning and hazardous drinking among students. Findings are consistent with the v... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009979 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5009979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009978&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21733632%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Glover M, Scragg R, Min S, Kira A, Nosa V, McCool J, Bullen C The health risks associated with second hand smoke (SHS) are well-known. However, little is known about exposure to SHS in cars and risk of smoking uptake. This paper investigates the association between pre-adolescents reported exposure to smoking in cars and prevalence of early stage smoking activity. Data from Keeping Kids Smokefree baseline surveys of students were used to investigate smoking status and reported exposure to smoking in cars. Log binomial regression analyses were used to investigate if reported exposure to SHS in cars was associated with smoking prevalence. 83% of 5676 students invited took part. After controlling for all variables reported exposure to smoking in cars and homes were significantly ... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009978 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5009978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009981&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21719203%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: College students increase risky drinking after the start of school while progressively using fewer behaviors that might mitigate the consequences of drinking. PMID: 21719203 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009981 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5009981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009982&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21719202%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fossos N, Kaysen D, Neighbors C, Lindgren KP, Hove MC Sexually coercive experiences, heavy alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems occur at relatively high base rates in college populations. As suggested by the self-medication hypothesis, alcohol consumption may be a means by which one can reduce negative affect or stress related to experiences of sexual coercion. However, few studies have directly tested the hypothesis that coping motives for drinking mediate the relation between sexual assault and problem drinking behaviors, and no published studies have tested this in men. The current study tested this hypothesis using structural equation modeling in a sample of 780 male and female undergraduates. Results revealed that coping motives partially mediated the relation betwee... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009982 Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5009982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009980&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21719204%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cisler JM, Amstadter AB, Begle AM, Resnick HS, Danielson CK, Saunders BE, Kilpatrick DG Research demonstrates robust associations among posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), exposure to assaultive violence (i.e., sexual assault, physical assault, and witnessed violence), and cigarette smoking among adults and adolescents. Whether exposure to assaultive violence confers risk for cigarette smoking over and above the effects of PTSD and non-assaultive traumatic events (e.g., motor vehicle accidents) is unclear. The current study prospectively measured PTSD, assaultive violence exposure, non-assaultive traumatic event exposure, and cigarette smoking three times over approximately three years among a nationally representative sample of adolescents (N=3614, age range 12-17 at Wave 1... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009980 Sat, 11 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5009980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009983&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21700396%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The AWARE scale may be a useful and efficient clinical tool for assessing short-term relapse risk among young people and, thus, could serve to enhance the effectiveness of relapse prevention efforts. PMID: 21700396 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009983 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5009983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4962803&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21665370%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Interventions targeting binge-drinking behaviour should aim to develop planning skills and inhibitory control. PMID: 21665370 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4962803 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4962803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4962801&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21665372%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: While alcohol policy support differs by gender, this covariation is explained by differences in alcohol consumption. Findings have implications for addressing alcohol policy support among mandated college students. PMID: 21665372 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4962801 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4962801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4962802&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21665371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Giancola PR, Duke AA, Ritz KZ This experiment provided a preliminary test of whether the Alcohol Myopia Model (AMM; Steele & Josephs, 1990) would provide a guiding framework for the prevention of alcohol-related violence. The model contends that alcohol has a "myopic" effect on attentional capacity that presumably facilitates violence by focusing attention onto more salient provocative, rather than less salient inhibitory, cues in hostile situations. Participants were 16 intoxicated male social drinkers who completed a laboratory task in which electric shocks were received from, and administered to, a fictitious opponent under the guise of a competitive reaction-time task while they were exposed to either violence-promoting (n=8) or violence-inhibiting (n=8) cues. Aggressi... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4962802 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4962802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4962800&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21665373%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined how abstinence motives interacted with drinking motives and alcohol expectancies to predict alcohol consumption in samples of US high school students (N>2500). Nondrinking motives predicted lower rates of lifetime and current alcohol use. Motives not to drink interacted with specific drinking motives, like social and coping motives, and alcohol expectancies to predict certain aspects of drinking behavior. For example, motives not to drink had the greatest impact on youth with weaker social motivations. Findings highlight the distinction between motives not to drink and other alcohol-related cognitions in predicting adolescent alcohol consumption. This work not only supports the utility of this construct in developing models of youth alcohol-related decision-making but also h... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4962800 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4962800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4962799&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21669494%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Todd J, Mullan B The current study investigated whether binge drinking in female undergraduates could be reduced by the mere measurement effect (MME), and by altering binge drinker prototypes from the prototype willingness model (PWM). Whether willingness added to the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was also explored. Female undergraduates aged 17-25 (N=122) were randomly allocated to a prototype manipulation, mere measurement, or control group, and completed two online questionnaires separated by 14-21days. Controlling for past behaviour, MME group consumed less alcohol than the control group, and this effect was more extreme for those who previously consumed more alcohol. However, the prototype manipulation had no effect. The TPB variables were predictive of intentions and... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4962799 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4962799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4962804&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21665369%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to examine whether sensation seeking, positive urgency, and negative urgency, as separate constructs, would differentially predict alcohol use/problems, and to investigate whether specific drinking motives would mediate these relationships. Self-reported data from an online survey of undergraduate drinkers (n=317) was used in the current study. Findings indicate that sensation seeking and the urgency traits represent unique personality constructs in the prediction of alcohol use/problems, and should be considered separately in future research and when designing prevention and intervention strategies. PMID: 21665369 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4962804 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4962804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915257&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21621334%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Consistent with findings for alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, cocaine and amphetamine abuse and dependence criteria, hallucinogen and inhalant/solvent criteria reflect underlying dimensions of severity. The legal problems criterion associated with each of these substance use disorders can be eliminated with no loss in informational value and an advantage of parsimony. Taken together, these findings support the changes to substance use disorder diagnoses recommended by the DSM-V Substance and Related Disorders Workgroup, that is, combining DSM-IV abuse and dependence criteria and eliminating the legal problems abuse criterion. PMID: 21621334 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915257 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4915257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915254&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21636216%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that when planning treatment plans for adolescent smokers, health care personnel should pay particular attention to adolescents' primary reasons and motives for using NRT before suggesting its use. PMID: 21636216 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915254 Sun, 22 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4915254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915256&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21621924%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gray HM, Laplante DA, Bannon BL, Ambady N, Shaffer HJ Alcohol identity is the extent to which an individual perceives drinking alcohol to be a defining characteristic of his or her self-identity. Although alcohol identity might play an important role in risky college drinking practices, there is currently no easily administered, implicit measure of this concept. Therefore we developed a computerized implicit measure of alcohol identity (the Alcohol Identity Implicit Associations Test; AI-IAT) and assessed its reliability and predictive validity in relation to risky college drinking practices. One hundred forty-one college students completed the AI-IAT. Again 3- and 6-months later, we administered the AI-IAT and indices of engagement in risky college drinking practices. A subse... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915256 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4915256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915255&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21624775%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kavanagh DJ, Trembath M, Shockley N, Connolly J, White A, Isailovic A, Young RM, Saunders JB, Byrne GJ, Connor J Despite considerable recent interest in the issue of comorbid substance use disorders in people with serious mental illness, there remains a need to refine approaches to screening. This paper describes the development and testing of a new screen for substance-related comorbidity, the 12-item DrugCheck Problem List (PL). Exploratory factor analysis with inpatient samples suggested a single-factor structure, although confirmatory factor analysis in a further sample found similar fit from a two-factor model. Sensitivity and specificity in detecting DSM-IV substance use disorders were both high and comparable to performances of the Severity of Dependence Scale and Alcoh... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915255 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4915255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915253&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21640487%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hildebrandt T, Langenbucher JW, Lai JK, Loeb KL, Hollander E Appearance-and-performance enhancing drug (APED) use is a form of drug use that includes use of a wide range of substances such as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) and associated behaviors including intense exercise and dietary control. To date, there are no reliable or valid measures of the core features of APED use. The present study describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drug Use Schedule (APEDUS) which is a semi-structured interview designed to assess the spectrum of drug use and related features of APED use. Eighty-five current APED using men and women (having used an illicit APED in the past year and planning to use an illicit APED in the future) com... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915253 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4915253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915258&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21620571%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Austin J, McKellar JD, Moos R The current study examined the relationship between co-occurring substance use and Axis I psychiatric disorders and treatment utilization and outcome among homeless individuals (N=365) who participated in an episode of intensive outpatient substance use treatment. Compared to patients without a co-occurring diagnosis, homeless patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder or PTSD participated in more substance use treatment. Diagnostic status did not predict 12-month alcohol or drug treatment outcome. Substance use treatment programs appear to successfully engage homeless individuals with major depressive disorder and PTSD in treatment. Such individuals appear to achieve similar benefits from standard substance use treatment as do homeles... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915258 Fri, 06 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4915258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915259&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21620570%26dopt%3DAbstract "Man-ing" up and getting drunk: The role of masculine norms, alcohol intoxication and alcohol-related problems among college men. Addict Behav. 2011 May 1; Authors: Iwamoto DK, Cheng A, Lee CS, Takamatsu S, Gordon D Compared to college women, college men face elevated risks for problematic drinking and negative alcohol-related consequences. These risks highlight the critical need to investigate gender issues and risk factors contributing to intoxication and related problems among men. Theoretical models suggest that conforming to masculine norms or the beliefs and expectations of what it means to be a man, may help explain patterns of problematic drinking among men. The current study advances the literature by investigating the association between masculine norms, drinking to i... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915259 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4915259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4866325&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21561719%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Among the American population of adults, age appears to moderate the relationship between vigorous PA and alcohol use, whereas gender appears to moderate the relationship between moderate PA and alcohol use. These findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms that may account for increased alcohol use in exercisers and may have clinical implications for alcohol screening and interventions in adults who lead active lifestyles. PMID: 21561719 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4866325 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4866325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815393&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21550728%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Houser-Marko L, Curry SJ, Mermelstein RJ, Emery S, Pugach O A national evaluation of community-based youth cessation programs delivered in group format provided the opportunity to compare mandated and volunteer program participants on demographics, smoking patterns, other health behaviors and motivation to quit. A total of 857 youth participants completed surveys prior to the start of their treatment program. Mandated youth comprised 24% of the sample (n=202). Both bivariate and multivariate comparisons were conducted. Mandated participants reported lower levels of stress, higher extrinsic motivation and lower intrinsic motivation to quit, and were more likely to be in the earlier (precontemplation) stage of readiness to quit. Mandated and volunteer smokers did not differ in t... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815393 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4815393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4866326&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21561718%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McCabe CT, Woodruff SI, Zúñiga ML Strong evidence suggests marked disparities among ethnic minorities in relation to tobacco use. To date, a majority of the data available discusses tobacco use in the general population. Using a sample of Latino, non-Latino Black (NLB), and non-Latino White (NLW) patients presenting to the emergency departments, the present study examined sociodemographic and substance use correlates of past 3-month tobacco use. Over 48,000 patients were interviewed as part of a screening and brief intervention program in southern California. Overall, although NLB adults reported the greatest prevalence of tobacco use compared to NLWs and Latinos (43% vs. 34% and 22% respectively), associations between tobacco use, demographics and substance use were similar... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4866326 Thu, 21 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4866326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4653704&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21440994%26dopt%3DAbstract This study tested whether differences in cannabis cessation 3months after a single session of Motivational Interviewing (MI) may be attributable to fidelity to MI. All audio-recordings with necessary 3-month follow-up data (n=75) delivered by four individual practitioners within a randomised controlled trial (RCT) were used. Participants were weekly or more frequent cannabis users aged 16-19years old in Further Education colleges. All tapes were coded with the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) scale Version 2 by 2 coders. Satisfactory inter-rater reliability was achieved. Differences between and within practitioners in fidelity to MI were consistently detected. After controlling for practitioner effects, Motivational Interviewing spirit and the proportion of complex refl... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4653704 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4653704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4653707&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21420790%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moneta GB Based on Wells and Matthews' (1994) theory of psychological dysfunction and prior empirical studies, it was hypothesized that negative emotion would mediate the relationship between maladaptive metacognition and alcohol dependence, and maladaptive metacognition would moderate the relationship between negative emotion and alcohol dependence. A sample of 300 British college students completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire 30. Metacognitive traits, emotions, and alcohol dependence were positively intercorrelated. Moderated mediation modeling indicated that metacognition fosters emotion and moderates the relationship between emotion and alcohol dependence in such a way that emotion ... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4653707 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4653707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4653710&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21411233%26dopt%3DAbstract This study assesses the adequacy of using ZIP Code Business Patterns (ZIP-BP) data on establishments as estimates of the number of alcohol outlets by ZIP code. Specifically we compare ZIP-BP alcohol outlet counts with high-quality data from state and local records surrounding 44 college campus communities across 10 states plus the District of Columbia. Results show that a composite measure is strongly correlated (R=0.89) with counts of alcohol outlets generated from official state records. Analyses based on Generalized Estimation Equation models show that community and contextual factors have little impact on the concordance between the two data sources. There are also minimal inter-state differences in the level of agreement. To validate the use of a convenient secondary data set (ZIP-BP)... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4653710 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4653710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4653709&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21419576%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Erblich J, Bovbjerg DH, Sloan RP Laboratory exposures to smoking cues have been shown to reliably induce self-reported cigarette cravings among smokers, a model of environmentally triggered urges to smoke that can contribute to poorer cessation success. Several studies have also demonstrated that cue exposures give rise to changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Few studies, however, have investigated possible cue effects on heart rate and blood pressure variability (HRV and BPV). Particularly intriguing in this regard are cardiac oscillations in the low (i.e., 0.04-0.15Hz), and high (i.e., 0.15-0.50Hz) frequency range, which are thought to reflect components of autonomic control and response to environmental challenges. A closer examination of cardiovascular reactivity may ... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4653709 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4653709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4653708&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21420241%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trucco EM, Colder CR, Wieczorek WF Affiliation with deviant peers is a correlate of adolescent alcohol use; however, the mechanism accounting for this association remains unclear, particularly with respect to initiation of alcohol use in early adolescence. This prospective study examines perceived peer attitudes and use as a mediator between peer delinquency and initiation of alcohol use, and how parenting may moderate vulnerability to this risk pathway. Participants included 371 11-13year-old adolescents (55.5% female, 83.0% Caucasian). Results suggested that high levels of peer delinquency prospectively predicted perceived peer approval and use of alcohol and that peer approval and use of alcohol prospectively predicted initiation of alcohol use. Thus, reinforcement and mode... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4653708 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4653708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4653706&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21420792%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chéron-Launay M, Le Faou AL, Sévilla-Dedieu C, Gilbert F, Kovess-Masfety V The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the links between the consumption of psychotropic drugs and smoking, based on data from individuals subscribing to a health insurance organisation (a mutuelle) in France in 2005. Data on smoking status, depression, anxiety and alcohol consumption from a large transversal epidemiological study carried out in 2005 were analysed in parallel to individual data concerning the reimbursement of medical prescriptions for psychotropic drugs. We compared reimbursement data for psychotropic drugs between individuals who had smoked for at least 15years and continued to smoke and individuals who had stopped smoking after at least 15years of smoking. This group of e... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4653706 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4653706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4653705&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21429672%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use 1) is anticipated by multiple psychosocial risk factors which come together with individual and peer substance use in early high school and 2) is independently predictive of subsequent substance-related problems. Providing adolescents with adequate information regarding the potential harm of simultaneous use may be a useful prevention strategy. PMID: 21429672 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4653705 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4653705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349301&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21146317%26dopt%3DAbstract This study explored stage of change transitions over time among smokers with serious mental illness (SMI) and how dose of a brief intervention and other psychosocial variables were related to stage transitions. Participants were a subsample of 110 patients who participated in a larger controlled trial (Dixon, et al., 2009) examining whether psychiatrists in mental health clinics implementing the "5A's" (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange) significantly reduced smoking among persons with SMI. Participants were classified into one of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) Stages of Change for Smoking Cessation as well as classified into groups based upon the pattern of stage status transitions over time (i.e., Regressors, Stable, Inconsistent, Progressors with and without a successful quit).... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349301 Sat, 15 Jan 2011 01:17:02 +0100 4349301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349300&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21146318%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vander Weg MW, Cunningham CL, Howren MB, Cai X Evidence suggests that those residing in rural areas may be disproportionately affected by the health burden of tobacco use. The present study examined tobacco use, self-reported exposure to tobacco smoke, and policies regarding public smoking according to area of residence using data from the 2006 and 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results indicated that, relative to those from suburban and urban locations, adults residing in rural areas were significantly more likely to smoke cigarettes (22.2% versus 17.3% (suburban) and 18.1% (urban), p<.001) and to use smokeless tobacco (p<.001). Rural residents were also more likely than those living in suburban and urban areas to report that someone had smoked in thei... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349300 Sat, 15 Jan 2011 01:16:58 +0100 4349300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349299&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21146319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Niemelä S, Brunstein-Klomek A, Sillanmäki L, Helenius H, Piha J, Kumpulainen K, Moilanen I, Tamminen T, Almqvist F, Sourander A Childhood bullying behaviors (bullying and victimization) were studied as risk factors for substance use among Finnish males. The study design was a nationwide prospective general population study, where information was collected in 1989 and 1999. Bullying behaviors and childhood psychopathology at age eight were collected from teachers, parents and boys themselves. At age 18, self-reports of frequent drunkenness (once a week or more often), daily heavy smoking (10 cigarettes or more per day), and illicit drug use during the past six months were obtained from 78% of the boys attending the study at age eight (n=2946). Being frequently victimized at a... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349299 Sat, 15 Jan 2011 01:16:55 +0100 4349299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349298&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21146937%26dopt%3DAbstract This study failed to demonstrate any additional benefit from the combination of quetiapine and naltrexone compared to naltrexone alone on drinking outcomes. PMID: 21146937 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349298 Sat, 15 Jan 2011 01:16:51 +0100 4349298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349297&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21146938%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the moderating effects of parenting on the temporal relationship between negative affect and subsequent alcohol use in adolescents as an indicator of self-medication. Specifically, we tested whether youth are more likely to self-medicate if they receive less parental social support. PMID: 21146938 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349297 Sat, 15 Jan 2011 01:16:47 +0100 4349297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349296&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21159445%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Patrick ME, Lee CM, Larimer ME The association between drinking motives and protective behavioral strategies was explored, including whether individuals with different drinking motives were more or less likely to utilize protective behavioral strategies and whether the combination of drinking motives and use of protective strategies may help identify individuals at elevated risk for alcohol-related problems. The final sample included 358 college students (59.2% female; M=18.47years old, SD=.58). Individuals who had greater enhancement and social motives for drinking used protective strategies less frequently, controlling for number of drinks per week; those who had greater conformity motives used protective strategies more frequently. Coping motives were not significantly corr... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349296 Sat, 15 Jan 2011 01:16:43 +0100 4349296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349274&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21216535%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide support for the "immigrant paradox": immigrant youth reported lower rates of DUI initiation and other high-risk behaviors when compared with US-born Hispanic youth. PMID: 21216535 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349274 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349273&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21216536%26dopt%3DAbstract This study tests the acquired preparedness model (APM) to explain associations among trait impulsivity, social learning principles, and marijuana use outcomes in a community sample of female marijuana users. The APM states that individuals with high-risk dispositions are more likely to acquire certain types of learning that, in turn, instigate problematic substance use behaviors. In this study, three domains of psychosocial learning were tested: positive and negative marijuana use expectancies, and marijuana refusal self-efficacy. Participants were 332 community-recruited women aged 18-24 enrolled in a study of motivational interviewing for marijuana use reduction. The present analysis is based on participant self-reports of their impulsivity, marijuana use expectancies, marijuana refusal ... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349273 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349271&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21227594%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harrington M, Babbin S, Redding C, Burditt C, Paiva A, Meier K, Oatley K, McGee H, Velicer W Effective interventions require an understanding of the behaviors and cognitions that facilitate positive change as well as the development of psychometrically sound measures. This paper reports on the psychometric properties of the Temptations to Try Alcohol Scale (TTAS), including factorial invariance across different subgroups. Data were collected from 3565 6th grade RI middle school students. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the appropriate factorial invariance model for the 9-item TTAS. The measure consists of three correlated subscales: Social Pressure, Social Anxiety, and Opportunity. Three levels of invariance, ranging from the least to the most restrictive, w... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349271 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349279&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21215527%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thorberg FA, Young RM, Sullivan KA, Lyvers M, Connor JP, Feeney GF Up to fifty per cent of individuals with Alcohol use disorders (AUD) also have alexithymia a personality construct hypothesized to be related to attachment difficulties. The relationship between alexithymia, craving, anxious attachment and alcohol-dependence severity was examined in 254 patients participating in a Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) program for alcohol-dependence. Participants completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), the Revised Adult Attachment Anxiety Subscale (RAAS-Anxiety) and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). MANOVA indicated that individuals with alexithymia reported significantly higher levels of total OCDS, obse... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349279 Thu, 16 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349278&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21215528%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: It is possible to develop a reliable taxonomy of BCTs used in behavioural support for smoking cessation which can provide a starting point for investigating the association between intervention content and outcome and can form a basis for determining competences required to undertake the role of stop smoking specialist. PMID: 21215528 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349278 Wed, 15 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349280&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21211911%26dopt%3DAbstract This study tested the hypothesis that gender and negative affect (NA) influence changes in smoking urge over time using data from a pilot project testing the feasibility of massed extinction procedures. Forty-three smokers and ex-smokers completed the behavioral laboratory procedures. All participants were over 17years old, smoked at least 10 cigarettes daily over the last year (or the year prior to quitting) and had expired CO below 10ppm at the beginning of the ~4-hour session. After informed consent, participants completed 45min of baseline assessments, and then completed a series of 12 identical, 5-minute exposure trials with inter-trial breaks. Smoking cues included visual, tactile, and olfactory cues with a lit cigarette, in addition to smoking-related motor behaviors without smoking... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349280 Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349288&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21190799%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gervilla E, Cajal B, Palmer A Cannabis is the most consumed illegal drug in Europe and its repercussions are more important when taken up at an early age. The aim of this study is to analyse and quantify the predictive value of different personal, family and environmental variables on the consumption of cannabis in adolescence. The sample is made up of 9284 adolescents (47.1% boys and 52.9% girls) with an average age of 15.59years (SE=1.17). The ZINB model highlights, as factors that increase the number of joints consumed per week, consumption by the peer group, nights out during the week, gender, the production of forbidden behaviour and the use of other substances, whereas the risk factors for the consumption of cannabis are consumption by friends, ease of access, production... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349288 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349286&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21195554%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Andrews JA, Hampson S, Peterson M The present study predicts heavy alcohol use across the high school years (aged 14 through 18) from cognitions regarding the use of alcohol assessed in middle school. Using Latent Growth Modeling, we examined a structural model using data from 1011 participants in the Oregon Youth Substance Use Project. In this model, social images and descriptive norms regarding alcohol use in grade 7 were related to willingness and intention to drink alcohol in grade 8 and these variables were subsequently related to the intercept and slope of extent of heavy drinking across the high school years (grades 9 through 12). Across the sample, both descriptive norms and social images influenced the intercept of heavy drinking (in the 9th grade) through willingness... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349286 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349285&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21195555%26dopt%3DAbstract This study adopted a dual process perspective to investigate the relative contributions of implicit and explicit cognitions to predicting binge drinking in adolescents and adults. Two hundred and seventy-two participants (136 teen-parent pairs) completed measures of alcohol memory associations (reflecting implicit cognition), expectancies about potential costs and benefits of alcohol use (reflecting explicit cognition), and self-reported binge drinking. Adolescents had stronger alcohol memory associations and perceived drinking benefits to be more probable than did adults. In turn, higher scores on the memory association and expected benefit measures were both associated with significantly higher levels of binge drinking. Moderation analyses revealed that alcohol memory associations and ex... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349285 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349284&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21195556%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: BAIs may be a promising approach for addressing binge drinking in Veterans. However, binge drinking among a sample of mostly male Veterans receiving a BAI may be associated with a complex set of factors that are less prevalent in the college student population and thus studies demonstrating the efficacy of BAIs with Veterans are needed. PMID: 21195556 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349284 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349283&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21196081%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we conducted two analyses using data from a randomized trial of substance abuse treatment in outpatients with SMI: the first examining predictors (collected during screening) of completing an initial intake assessment and the second examining predictors (collected during the intake assessment) of becoming engaged in treatment. Results indicated that males and those with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses were less likely to complete the intake assessment. Participants who reported more positive feelings about their family were more likely to engage in substance abuse treatment. Participants who were recently arrested were less likely to engage in treatment. Those who met criteria for current drug dependence were less likely to engage in treatment. Overall, these findings are a ... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349283 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349282&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21196082%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Osberg TM, Insana M, Eggert M, Billingsley K Osberg et al. (2010) recently developed the College Life Alcohol Salience Scale (CLASS), which assesses the extent to which students identify with the college drinking culture. Using a prospective design, we explored the incremental and predictive validity of the new measure in a sample of 479 college freshmen. Scores obtained on the new measure at Time 1 demonstrated strong positive associations with concurrently assessed drinking patterns and alcohol consequences, as well as those collected at Time 2 1 month later. The college alcohol beliefs measured by the CLASS also explained significant additional variance in drinking and its consequences at Time 2 beyond that accounted for by gender, perceived descriptive and injunctive norms... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349282 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349281&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21196083%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kasperski SJ, Vincent KB, Caldeira KM, Garnier-Dykstra LM, O'Grady KE, Arria AM College students have high rates of heavy drinking and other risky behaviors, but little is known about trends in their use of cocaine. In this longitudinal study of 1253 college students at one large, public university in the mid-Atlantic region, annual interviews assessed opportunity to use cocaine, cocaine use, and DSM-IV criteria for cocaine abuse and dependence. Follow-up rates exceeded 87% annually. Data from the first four years of college were analyzed to detect changes over time and possible gender differences. By their fourth year of college, 36%(wt) of students had been offered cocaine at least once in their lifetime, and 13%(wt) had used cocaine. Annual prevalence of cocaine use increas... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349281 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349277&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21215529%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that PBS use leads to reductions in drinking despite pre-established drinking motives, hence pointing to the potential value of standalone PBS skills training interventions in lowering alcohol use among diverse groups of heavy drinking college students. PMID: 21215529 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349277 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349276&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21216107%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Levola J, Holopainen A, Aalto M The purpose of this study was to assess the association between depression and heavy drinking occasions in the Finnish general population. A subsample (2086/4020, response rate 51.9%) of the National FINRISK 2007 Study was used. Depression was assessed with a modified Beck Depression Inventory (short form) and alcohol problems with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Total alcohol intake and number of heavy drinking occasions (≥7 drinks for men, ≥5 drinks for women) were evaluated using the Timeline Followback. Of the sample, 13.0% (123/946) of men and 17.4% (198/1140) of women were classified as being depressed. Further, 7.5% (71/946) of men and 3.5% (40/1140) of women reported having at least four heavy drinking occasions in the... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349276 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349275&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21216108%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that both perceived male peer approval and personal approval are factors associated with male barroom aggression and that addressing approval of barroom aggression is a critical direction for prevention programming. PMID: 21216108 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349275 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349272&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21220188%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Persistent users of NRT should be counseled to reduce and stop NRT only when they are not concerned about relapsing to smoking. Use of NRT with return to smoking during a lapse or relapse should not be automatically discontinued. Combination NRT therapy should be considered for all smokers, especially those who are unable to quit smoking using a single form of NRT. PMID: 21220188 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349272 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349291&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21185127%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines the influence of romantic relationships with smokers and non-smokers on smoking initiation and cessation over a one-year period using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). For initial non-smokers, we examined whether the total length of time in romantic relationships with smokers and non-smokers at Wave I, as well as amount of exposure to smoking through romantic partners, predicted smoking initiation at Wave II. Among initial regular smokers, we examined whether these same relationship characteristics predicted smoking cessation at Wave II. These analyses were conducted separately for respondents in any type of romantic relationship, as well as just those respondents in close romantic relationships. Results indicated that, for clo... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349291 Wed, 08 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349289&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21186082%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Fathers may be particularly important in preventing adolescent marijuana use, and interventions promoting fathers' knowledge of adolescents' activities are warranted. PMID: 21186082 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349289 Wed, 08 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349292&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21185126%26dopt%3DAbstract This study is conducted to assess nicotine exposure in daily waterpipe smokers, and its correlation with puff topography parameters. Sixty-one waterpipe tobacco smokers (56 males; mean age±SD, 30.9±9.5years; mean number of weekly waterpipe smoking episodes 7.8±5.7) abstained from smoking for at least 24h, and then smoked tobacco from a waterpipe ad libitum in a laboratory setting. During the session puff topography parameters were monitored continuously, and pre- and post-smoking expired-air CO was measured. Before and after smoking, venous blood was sampled for the assessment of plasma nicotine using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The average pre- and post-smoking expired-air CO was 4±1.7 and 35.5±32.7ppm, respectively (i.e., a CO boost of 31.5ppm, p<.001). Mean plasma nico... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349292 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349290&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21185656%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kavanagh DJ, Proctor DM Potentially harmful substance use is common, but many affected people do not receive treatment. Brief face-to-face treatments show impact, as do strategies to assist self-help remotely, by using bibliotherapies, computers or mobile phones. Remotely delivered treatments offer more sustained and multifaceted support than brief interventions, and they show a substantial cost advantage as users increase in number. They may also build skills, confidence and treatment fidelity in providers who use them in sessions. Engagement and retention remain challenges, but electronic treatments show promise in engaging younger populations. Recruitment may be assisted by integration with community campaigns or brief opportunistic interventions. However, routine use of as... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349290 Sun, 28 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349287&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21195553%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: In these rare data from a non-Western culture some predictors of successful smoking cessation appeared to generalise from Western smokers but the universal validity of the FTND in particular needs to be examined further. PMID: 21195553 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349287 Sun, 28 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349295&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21167648%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, this study indicates good concurrent validity and adequate psychometric properties of the CAGE questionnaire. The dose-response pattern seen between the CAGE score and alcohol consumption, suggests that it can be used as an ordinal measure, rather than with a cut-off of two or more. The concurrent validity of the CAGE is better in women than in men. PMID: 21167648 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349295 Sat, 27 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349294&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21177041%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the associations of individual and family factors with quit intention among Vietnamese male smokers in California to guide intervention development to reduce their smoking prevalence. Data for Vietnamese male current smokers (n=234) in the 2008 California Vietnamese Adult Tobacco Use Survey (N=1101 males) were analyzed to describe quit intention and previous quit attempts. One-third of Vietnamese male smokers (33%) had no intention to quit at any time, 36% intended to quit soon (in the next 30days), and 31% intended to quit later (beyond the next 30days). Half (51.7%) of the sample was in "precontemplation," indicating no intention to quit within 6months. Many (71%) had made a serious quit attempt in the past year, but 68% of those who tried to quit used no cessation as... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349294 Sat, 27 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4349293&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21183283%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dohnke B, Weiss-Gerlach E, Spies CD The present study extends the previous research on the social influences on quitting by investigating inconsistencies between different types of social norms and their main and moderating effects on quitting intentions. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) served as the theoretical framework. Social influences were operationalised by subjective quitting norm (significant others' expectations that one should quit), descriptive quitting norm (significant others' quitting behaviour), and descriptive smoking norm (partner's smoking). Because gender differences had previously been reported, norm effects were also analysed with respect to gender. A total of 168 smokers who had a partner (47% men, mean age M=34, SD=16) completed measures of TPB va... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4349293 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4349293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4252570&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21126828%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Corbin WR, Iwamoto DK, Fromme K Broad social motives (not specific to alcohol use) have been established as an important predictor of alcohol use and problems among college students, but we have little understanding of the mechanisms through which such motives operate. Thus, the current study examined broad social motives prior to college entry as a predictor of college drinking/problems and sought to identify potential mechanisms through which they are associated with increased risk. Participants comprised a sample of 2245 incoming college students (59.9% women) transitioning from high school through the college years. The first web-based survey was completed during the summer prior to matriculation with participants reporting on their behavior during the spring of high schoo... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4252570 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4252570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4222028&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21111538%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Medina JL, Vujanovic AA, Smits JA, Irons JG, Zvolensky MJ, Bonn-Miller MO The present investigation examined the relation between exercise intensity and alcohol use coping motives among trauma-exposed adults. Participants were 114 adults (58 women; M(age)=22.31years, SD=8.89) who reported exposure to at least one traumatic event (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) and alcohol use in the past 30days. Partially consistent with expectation, engagement in vigorous-intensity activities (≥6 resting metabolic rate [MET] score) demonstrated a significant, incremental (negative) association with alcohol use coping motives. This incremental association was observed after accounting for current alcohol consumption, non-criterion alcohol use motives, anxiety sensitivity, posttrauma... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4222028 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4222028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4222027&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21112155%26dopt%3DAbstract DISCUSSION: Acamprosate was well tolerated but was no more efficacious than placebo in promoting abstinence from cocaine in cocaine dependent patients. Acamprosate does not appear to be a promising medication for the treatment of cocaine dependence. PMID: 21112155 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4222027 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4222027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4203040&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21106298%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maggs JL, Williams LR, Lee CM Given the dynamic fluctuating nature of alcohol use among emerging adults (Del Boca, Darkes, Greenbaum, & Goldman, 2004), patterns of alcohol use were modeled across 70days in an intensive repeated-measures diary design. Two hundred first-year college students provided 10 weekly reports of their daily alcohol consumption via computer-assisted telephone interviews. Multi-level models demonstrated large within-person variability across days in drinks consumed, binge drinking, and days exceeding self-reported limits for stumbling around and passing out; these outcome variables were predicted by weekdays vs. weekend days (within-person) and gender, age of drinking initiation, fraternity/sorority membership, and alcohol motivations (between-persons... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4203040 Thu, 04 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4203040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4203042&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21094585%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramtekkar UP, Striley CW, Cottler LB These analyses assess contextual profiles of 612 young adult ecstasy users, 18-30years of age, from St. Louis (USA), Miami (USA) and Sydney (Australia). Bivariate analyses revealed different contextual factors influencing ecstasy use. Friends were the most common sources of ecstasy at all sites and most used with friends. St. Louis and Miami use mostly occurred in residences, whereas in Sydney use was mostly at clubs, bars or restaurants. Ecstasy consumption at public places and in cars, trains or ferries was significantly higher in Miami (89% and 77%) than in St. Louis (67% and 65%) and Sydney (67% and 61%). At all sites, simultaneous use of LSD/mushroom and nitrous oxide with ecstasy was common; concurrent amphetamines predominated in Syd... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4203042 Fri, 29 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4203042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4203043&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21084165%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, alcohol-specific communication intervenes in the relationship between parental alcohol-related problems and adolescent excessive drinking and alcohol-related problems. This indicates that in family alcohol interventions targeted at youth alcohol use, parental alcohol-related problems should be taken into account. PMID: 21084165 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4203043 Thu, 28 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4203043 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4203041&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21095629%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives of this study are to: (a) test the predictive utility of the subscales of the SRE in relation to alcohol problems; and (b) test the reliability of the SRE in interview versus self-report formats. A sample of college drinkers (n=446) completed the SRE in a self-report format along with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). A subset of participants (n=34) returned to the laboratory and completed the SRE in a face-to-face interview format. All subscales of the SRE were robust predictors of alcohol problems accounting for as much as 25% of the variance in AUDIT scores. In addition, scores obtained via self-report and interview-based SRE were highly correlated (r=.70 to .80). Results support the predictive utility of the SRE and provide initial evidence that the ... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4203041 Thu, 28 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4203041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4203039&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21106299%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Results support previous findings that AD smokers have a greater prevalence of nicotine dependence and more severe nicotine withdrawal, with a greater propensity toward withdrawal-related depressed mood. These results, along with our novel finding that greater craving to smoke in abstaining smokers with AD is specific to negative affect-related craving, suggest that negative reinforcement may be a particularly salient factor in the maintenance of tobacco use among individuals with AD. PMID: 21106299 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4203039 Thu, 28 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4203039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4169691&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21075539%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates that it makes sense to differentiate between smoking onset and frequency of smoking and that few factors are active in both processes. PMID: 21075539 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4169691 Thu, 28 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4169691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4140083&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21051153%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives of the study were to assess the stability of genetic and environmental influences on each trait across adolescence; to investigate whether these traits share genetic and/or environmental liabilities; and to explore quantitative changes in the shared liability over time. We found that the magnitude of genetic influences on internalizing symptoms remained relatively stable across adolescence, while their impact on intoxication frequency was dynamic. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were influenced by unique environmental factors, while both shared and unique environmental factors influenced intoxication frequency. Genetic and environmental innovation and attenuation were observed for both traits. While no significant genetic correlation was observed between traits, unique en... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4140083 Thu, 14 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4140083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4140089&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21035951%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ilomäki R, Ilomäki E, Hakko H, Räsänen P We evaluated the pre-hospitalization psychotropic medication of adolescents with different psychiatric disorders, and examined possible differences in medication history in relation to lifetime psychiatric diagnoses of study subjects. The study sample consisted of 300 girls and 208 boys (age 12-17) admitted to psychiatric inpatient hospital between April 2001 and March 2006. The information on drug therapy history and psychiatric diagnoses were obtained from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children-Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL). Adolescents with drug use disorders had elevated rates of pre-hospitalization prescribed benzodiazepines (BZDs). Antidepressants and antipsychotics were mainly used ... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4140089 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4140089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4090511&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20961691%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Terry-McElrath YM, Emery S, Szczypka G, Johnston LD Using nationally representative data from the Monitoring the Future Study on United States middle and high school students, we related exposure to anti-drug television advertising as measured by Nielsen Media Research ratings points to student self-reported drug-related outcomes from 1995 to 2006. Multivariate analyses controlling for key socio-demographics and accounting for the complex survey design included 337,918 cases. Results indicated that attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding substance use were significantly related to such advertising exposure over the six months prior to the date the youth were surveyed. However, the observed relationships varied by grade level, over time and by advertising tagline and mariju... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4090511 Wed, 06 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4090511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4090506&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20965665%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Adolescent boys and girls appear to understand and subscribe to 'smoking identity' groups in similar patterns. However, there may be differences in the ways boys and girls conceptualize, describe, and endorse smoking identities. Researchers should examine the consistency between adolescents' smoking identities and researcher-derived categorizations of their smoking in planning and selecting appropriate interventions. Future research should explore qualitative gender differences in the smoking identities of adolescents. PMID: 20965665 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4090506 Wed, 06 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4090506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3767528&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20632469%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mazzardis S, Vieno A, Kuntsche E, Santinello M The aim of the study is to validate the four-dimensional structure of the Drinking Motive Questionnaire Revised Short Form (DMQ-R SF) in a sample of Italian adolescents and to investigate associations of these motives with frequency of alcohol use and sensation seeking. The data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires in classrooms. The questionnaires were filled out by a representative sample of 2725 (56.4% males; mean age=16.2) 8th to 13th grade alcohol-using students. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models were applied. The four-dimensional structure of the DMQ-R SF was confirmed in the general sample and among subgroups defined by gender and age. Furthermore, enhancement, social and coping m... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3767528 Tue, 20 Jul 2010 12:39:07 +0100 3767528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3750998&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20619177%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perkins HW, Linkenbach JW, Lewis MA, Neighbors C This research evaluated the efficacy of a high-intensity social norms media marketing campaign aimed at correcting normative misperceptions and reducing the prevalence of drinking and driving among 21-to-34-year-olds in Montana. A quasi-experimental design was used, such that regions of Montana were assigned to one of three experimental groups: social norms media marketing campaign, buffer, and control. Four random samples of Montanans between the ages of 21 and 34 were assessed at four time points over 18months via phone surveys. Findings suggest that the social norms media campaign was successful at exposing the targeted population to social norms messages in the counties within the intervention region. Moreover, results demon... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3750998 Wed, 14 Jul 2010 20:54:25 +0100 3750998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3750993&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20626071%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed at identifying different alcohol drinking trajectories in early to late adolescence. We also examined whether certain factors predicted membership of a specific trajectory and to what extent trajectory membership was linked to later negative consequences. Data were drawn from a longitudinal cohort study starting with 1923 adolescents including all seventh grade students in six school districts in Stockholm, Sweden 2001 (age 14), with follow-up in 2002, 2003, and 2006 (age 19). Cluster- and multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed four developmental pathways: low, gradually increasing, high, and suddenly increasing consumption. "High consumers" and "sudden increasers" reported higher levels of alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking, and alcohol-related proble... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3750993 Wed, 14 Jul 2010 20:54:09 +0100 3750993 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3750996&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20621423%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined associations between the endorsement of drug use expectancies and the frequency and severity of marijuana use in a community sample of 332 women aged 18-24years who were not explicitly seeking treatment for their marijuana use. Participants were enrolled in a larger intervention study of motivational interviewing for various health behaviors and provided self-reports of their current and past marijuana use, marijuana abuse/dependence symptoms, and marijuana use expectancies. Marijuana use expectancies were measured using the six subscales of the Marijuana Effects Expectancy Questionnaire (MEEQ). Use frequency was defined as the number of use days in the past month, severity as the total number of DSM-IV marijuana abuse or dependence symptom criteria met. Replicating and... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3750996 Thu, 24 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3750996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3750997&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20621422%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zvolensky MJ, McMillan KA, Gonzalez A, Asmundson GJ The present investigation sought to examine the relation between specific types of chronic musculoskeletal pain and cigarette smoking among a large representative sample of adolescents and adults residing in Canada. Specifically, we examined the relations between chronic back pain, arthritis, and daily smoking status. As predicted, individuals with chronic back pain were more likely to smoke than those without chronic back pain or arthritis; this association remained significant after controlling for sociodemographics and any lifetime anxiety or mood disorder. An opposite, albeit less robust, association was evident for the prescence of lifetime arthritis and smoking. Future work is needed to better understand the mechanisms ... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3750997 Tue, 22 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3750997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3750995&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20624670%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the concurrent validity of two common dependence measures: the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC). We further examined the FTND by removing the one item on cigarettes smoked per day. METHODS: Based within a parent clinical trial for adolescent smoking cessation, eligible participants were 12-21years old, smoking >/=5cigarettes per day on average, and with urine cotinine >100ng/ml at baseline. Results are based on participants who completed each measure and who provided a urine cotinine sample at baseline (N=73). RESULTS: Results showed that the FTND was associated with cotinine (p<0.001; R(2)=0.25), and that this relationship held true for the revised FTND as well (p<0.001; R(2)=0.18). However, the H... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3750995 Mon, 21 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3750995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3750994&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20624671%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion and prevention efforts which focus on these characteristics (i.e., gender, drinking motives, living conditions and social norms), and which have been successful and evaluated among university students in the US and Canada, may also be very promising for their European counterparts. PMID: 20624671 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3750994 Mon, 21 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3750994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3726880&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20598809%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight important differences between men and women using prescription opiates. The observed differences may help enhance the design of gender-sensitive surveillance, identification, prevention and treatment interventions. PMID: 20598809 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors) Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3726880 Mon, 21 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3726880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3726881&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20598806%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prince MA, Carey KB Alcohol use among college students has been associated with injunctive norms, which refer to the perceived acceptability of excessive drinking, and descriptive norms, which refer to perceptions of actual drinking. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a brief injunctive norms manipulation on both injunctive and descriptive norms about drinking alcohol and to explore differences in the malleability of norms across referent groups, sex, and gender role. Participants were 265 undergraduates (43% male, 70% freshmen) who completed a web-based survey for course credit. A randomly selected half was exposed to a page of information-based feedback about typical student injunctive norms. Relative to the control condition, the manipulation produced lo... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3726881 Fri, 11 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3726881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3711365&cid=s_34420_2_f&fid=34420&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20584573%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the prevalence of binge drinking among lesbian and gay (LG) youths, and evaluated whether experiences such as internalized sexual stigma, the experience of "coming out" to family and friends, and the individuals' sense of "connectedness" to the gay community could be associated with alcohol abuse. The research involved 119 gay (58.9%) and 83 lesbian (41.1%) Italian youths (18 to 24years old). According to previous research, youths were categorized in non-drinkers, social, binge and heavy drinkers. Results showed that the estimated percentage of binge drinking among gay and lesbian youths is 43.6%. The survey revealed that social, binge, and heavy drinkers differ in terms of some drinking variables, internalized sexual stigma, family and peer self-disclosure, and connectedness g... Addictive Behaviors journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3711365 Thu, 10 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3711365