MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Adicciones' source. Wed, 05 Oct 2011 03:00:12 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105519&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21814706%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Uchtenhagen A Democratically organised societies have to find ways how to proceed when in need of a reformulation of strategies in face of new societal and technological developments, especially in dealing with controversial preferences and interests. The area of drug policy change presents an excellent example for discussing the problem and the process of coalition building for finding acceptable answers to new challenges. Modern sociological theory has developed concepts and tools for a description and analysis of such processes. Some concrete case studies from Swiss cities are available as a basis for advanced discussion of theoretical concepts. The observational description of the coalition building in the city of Zurich helps to illustrate the inherent elements, problems ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105519 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 10:00:04 +0100 5105519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105518&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21814707%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ortiz-Tallo M, Cancino C, Cobos S The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and percentages of personality patterns, and explore their relationship with clinical syndromes in a sample of 212 pathological gamblers from a rehabilitation center. The study also explores the possibility of profiles, common in gamblers, in which personality disorders and clinical syndromes coexist. The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMIII) was employed. Four clinical personality patterns were the most frequently identified: dependent, obsessive-compulsive, narcissistic and antisocial. The relationship between personality patterns and clinical syndromes was also analyzed. Subsequent cluster analysis revealed two personality profiles, with features belonging to different scales, call... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105518 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 10:00:04 +0100 5105518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105517&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21814708%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: The outcome of this study supports the hypothesis that alcohol and deaths from accidents and injuries are closely connected in culture with prevailing intoxication-oriented drinking pattern. This research evidence points to binge drinking pattern as a potentially important contributor to accident mortality crisis in Belarus. PMID: 21814708 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105517 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 10:00:04 +0100 5105517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105516&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21814709%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Becoña Iglesias E, López-Durán A, Fernández Del Río E, Martínez Pradeda Ú, Osorio López J, Fraga Ares J, Arrojo Romero M, López Crecente F, Domínguez González MN Traffic accidents, sexually-transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies, drunkenness, and drug use (especially psychostimulants) are negative aspects associated with recreational nightlife. The aim of the present study is to analyze in a sample of 1214 young people (aged 15-25; 49.7% males, 50.3% females) whether psychostimulant users (cocaine and ecstasy) have a higher frequency of drunkenness and risk behaviours related to sex and to driving. We also analyze the importance of these behaviours in the prediction of psychostimulant use in the last year. The results indicate that psychostimulant users get drun... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105516 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 10:00:04 +0100 5105516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105515&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21814710%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines the addictive, criminal and psychopathological profile of a sample of 59 women incarcerated in the Villabona prison in Asturias (a region in northern Spain). The instruments administered were the EuropASI, the SCL-90-R and a semi-structured interview. Results showed that the profile is a young, single women with family dependents serving an average of 5 years’ imprisonment. Of the total sample, 64.4% met criteria for a substance abuse disorder. We found a statistically significant relationship between the variables use-nonuse and type of crime: women who used substances had committed the most crimes against property and against the socioeconomic order. As regards psychopathology, 44.06% of the sample fulfilled the requirements for clinical case according to Derogatis’... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105515 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 10:00:04 +0100 5105515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105514&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21814711%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martínez González JM, Graña Gómez JL, Trujillo Mendoza H The goal of this study was to determine the evolution of variables such as quality of life, craving, or psychological adjustment during treatment in a sample of 65 patients with alcohol-dependence disorder, 56.3% of whom also presented a personality disorder (PD). Five measurements were taken over the course of the treatment, at 3-month intervals. The analysis of tendencies of the variables craving, quality of life, and psychological adjustment assessed at the five assessment points revealed that the cognitive-behavioral treatment influences each one of these variables differently: a quadratic and cubic relation was identified for craving, whereas for quality of life there were linear, quadratic and cubic relationshi... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105514 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 10:00:04 +0100 5105514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105513&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21814712%26dopt%3DAbstract This study analyzes the relationship between a multidimensional measure of self-concept, the Self-concept Form-5 Questionnaire (AF5), and drug use among adolescents. From the responses of 632 participants (47.5% females) aged 12 to 17 years (M = 14.88 years, SD = 1.71 years), results showed negative relationships between family, academic and physical self-concept, and drug use. Although a positive relationship between social self-concept and drug use was found, this significant relationship disappeared once the age and sex of adolescents was controlled statistically. Moreover, the study includes other adjustment indicators in adolescence (psychological adjustment, personal competence, antisocial behavior and parenting). Results support the idea of self-concept as an important correlate of ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105513 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 10:00:04 +0100 5105513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105512&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21814713%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of dual pathology in those seeking treatment, being higher in substance misuse services than in mental health services, and higher in patients with alcohol or cocaine dependence. These findings could be of help in the planning of care resource policies for these patients. PMID: 21814713 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105512 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 10:00:04 +0100 5105512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105511&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21814714%26dopt%3DAbstract This study appraises the results of an intervention to prevent drinkdriving in a cohort of pre-drivers in the region of Catalonia (Spain). The program applied, based on attitude change, sets out to reduce significantly the risk of being involved in drink-driving. A classic quasiexperimental pretest-posttest design with control group was used, and two questionnaires were applied: a general one measuring several risk factors, and another one specifically addressing the question of alcohol. The study was carried out with three groups: a) experimental 1, which received the entire program, b) experimental 2, which received a part of the program, and c) control, which did not receive the benefits of the program. Results from the factor analysis (PCA) and the repeatedmeasures ANOVA suggest that y... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105511 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 10:00:04 +0100 5105511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916658&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21647538%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Burkhart G Adolescents go through changes in their neurobehavioural and psychosocial functioning that can result in their desire to conform to peer norms taking predominance over cognitive impulse control mechanisms. This can help explain why, when peers are present, adolescent behaviour may not be significantly modified by what they know about risks and consequences. This finding has implications for prevention as it points to the importance of responses that actively target the environment in which substance use takes place, and where social norms are formed and supported. In practice however, across Europe information-only prevention approaches - despite a weak evidence for their effectiveness - continue to be most commonly used. Why this is the case is the question address... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916658 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 22:30:02 +0100 4916658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916657&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21647539%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Faggiano F PMID: 21647539 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916657 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 22:30:02 +0100 4916657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916656&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21647540%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions. The major problem regarding unrecorded alcohol appears to be ethanol itself, as it is often higher in strength and its lower price may further contribute to higher drinking amounts. Compared to the health effects of ethanol, the contamination problems detected may be of minor importance as exposure will only in worst-case scenarios reach tolerable daily intakes of these substances. PMID: 21647540 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916656 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 22:30:02 +0100 4916656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916655&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21647541%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Most Spanish smokers have low nicotine dependence and are in precontemplation stage. Smoking cessation programmes should be addressed to reduce dependence, help smokers to progress through the stages of change, and, consequently, reduce the prevalence of smokers in the population. PMID: 21647541 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916655 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 22:30:02 +0100 4916655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916654&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21647542%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Muñoz MA, Sanjuan R, Fernández-Santaella MC, Vila J, Montoya P Craving has been defined as the motivation to self-administer a substance previously consumed. It has been hypothesized that craving contributes significantly to compulsive drug use and relapse after a period of abstinence in humans. Neuropsychological and brain-imaging studies have identified numerous brain regions that may be involved in craving. In this paper, the neuropsychological mechanisms of craving for nicotine are reviewed, focusing on three systems that appear to be involved in craving states. First of all, the reward system, responsible for the development of dependence and craving. Secondly, the emotional and associative system, which is related to conditioned craving. And third, the system involved ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916654 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 22:30:02 +0100 4916654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916653&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21647543%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Considering the relationship between the two constructs, and given that cocaine use is associated with both high and low cognitive control, in explanations of cocaine use it would be appropriate to take into account the explanatory contribution of personal values and personality traits in a complementary way. PMID: 21647543 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916653 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 22:30:02 +0100 4916653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916652&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21647544%26dopt%3DAbstract This study addresses, from theories of associative learning, the impulsivity and craving in patients with a diagnosis of substance dependence in abstinence, habitual use and relapse. We present a new method for the assessment of desire based on discount curve selfdescription, in which patients describe how they perceive the temporal evolution and intensity of their desire. At the same time, through a brief questionnaire about emotion and desire -developed by the authors-and the Plutchik Impulsivity Scale, we set out to check whether positive or negative emotions increase, decrease, or are uninvolved in changes of desire and impulsivity. Perception of the evolution of desire in patients from the Relapse and Habitual Use groups is similar and presents a hyperbolic curve, but the Relapse grou... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916652 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 22:30:02 +0100 4916652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916651&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21647545%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: in this study, amisulpride, at a dose of 100 mgr per day, was less effective than topiramate, at a dose of 200 mg per day, but as effective as naltrexone, at a dose of 50 mg per day, for reducing alcohol intake and craving over the period of the study. PMID: 21647545 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916651 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 22:30:02 +0100 4916651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916650&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21647546%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: The MACS scale is a better predictor of TFHD than IBZM binding. It is simple, non-invasive and inexpensive and appears to be a useful instrument both for clinical practice and for research. PMID: 21647546 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916650 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 22:30:02 +0100 4916650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916649&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21647547%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: The distribution of Axis I disorders by gender is similar for dually diagnosed patients and single-disorder patients. The prevalence of psychotic and bipolar disorders is higher in men, whereas anxiety and affective disorders are more prevalent in women. Dually diagnosed females with psychotic disorders do not show better prognosis than men. Finally, polydrug use among dual-diagnosis individuals is more prevalent in males. PMID: 21647547 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916649 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 22:30:02 +0100 4916649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4762981&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21503558%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fernández-Montalvo J, López-Goñi JJ There is a close relationship between substance abuse (alcohol and other drugs) and intimate partner violence. Studies carried out with male offenders and with addicted patients show a high comorbidity rate between these two phenomena. However, few batterer intervention programmes have been implemented to date in the field of drug addiction. This paper proposes, first, the need to detect cases of intimate partner violence that are camouflaged beneath a drug problem. Thus, it is important to determine the prevalence rate of intimate partner aggressors among users of drug-addiction treatment programmes, as well as identifying the specific characteristics of these patients. Second, once aggressors are identified, it would be possible to deve... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4762981 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 05:15:03 +0100 4762981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4762980&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21503559%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions. There are valuable sources of data, but all have shortcomings. Changing the measurement instrument in a survey for comparison with others raises dilemmas as to the internal comparability of series. PMID: 21503559 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4762980 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 05:15:03 +0100 4762980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4762979&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21503560%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Pathological gambling risk is high in this young population, and is associated with mental disorders, use of psychoactive substances, and school and family problems. This situation suggests the need for largescale and comprehensive preventive and therapeutic intervention measures for addressing the problem. PMID: 21503560 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4762979 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 05:15:03 +0100 4762979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4762978&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21503561%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rojo Mota G, Pedrero Pérez EJ, Ruiz Sanchez de León JM, Llanero Luque M, Puerta García C Addiction is a complex disorder of brain function, which involves primarily the frontal cortex as a structure responsible for the organization of intentional behavior. The performance of everyday life activity is one of the key factors in assessing the impact of cognitive impairment. There are no validated instruments in Spanish applicable to addicts for assessing self-perceived efficacy in the performance of everyday activities. Based on the Occupational Self-Assessment, a questionnaire was developed for the exploration of: perceived level of performance quality, evaluation of competences and the influence of environment on performance. For the study, a sample of 425 non-clinical parti... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4762978 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 05:15:03 +0100 4762978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4762977&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21503562%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: The instruments proposed (ASI-6 and MINI) are feasible tools for detecting addiction severity and associated psychopathology in this context. PMID: 21503562 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4762977 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 05:15:03 +0100 4762977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4762976&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21503563%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: "Core addiction-related beliefs" constitute the best predictor of intensity of craving across treatment, and may therefore be highly relevant for difficulties in controlling craving, as proposed by the Beck cognitive model of addiction. This association may help to explain why some patients have a persistent desire to take drugs even after protracted abstinence, when a lack of desire for drugs would be expected. PMID: 21503563 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4762976 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 05:15:03 +0100 4762976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4762975&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21503564%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: A proper definition of the pattern of intensive alcohol consumption should integrate the quantity and frequency variables, and also take into account the negative consequences associated with it. The criterion most widely accepted by the international scientific community is the consumption of 5 or more SDUs - 4 or more for women - on a single occasion at least once in the last two weeks. However, aspects such as differences in the grams of alcohol of SDUs hinder the establishment of an international definition of the term, making it necessary to adapt this approach to the country in which the study is being carried out. PMID: 21503564 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4762975 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 05:15:03 +0100 4762975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4762974&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21503565%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective here is to carry out a review of the relation between nicotine use and psychiatric disorders considered as affective psychoses at the epidemiological, clinical, prognostic and treatment levels. We review studies published in the PubMed database that include the keywords smoking, tobacco, nicotine and schizoaffective or bipolar disorder. Comorbidity of bipolar and schizoaffective disorder with nicotine consumption is 66-82.5 % and 67%, respectively. On the basis of this review it can be concluded that smoking results in poorer prognosis and greater clinical seriousness of bipolar and schizoaffective disorders. Use of other substances, psychiatric diagnosis, clinical seriousness and caffeine consumption are risk factors for nicotine use. The most effective treatment approach is... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4762974 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 05:15:03 +0100 4762974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4281251&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21152846%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brewer C, Streel E Implants and depot injections (DI) of naltrexone (NTX) have undergone considerable development since the first commercially available implants appeared in the mid-1990s. In particular, long-acting implants that can deliver relapse-preventing serum NTX levels for around six months have now been subjected to classic randomised controlled trials that have given positive and generally significant results when compared with oral NTX and placebo implants, or with standard post-detoxification care. They also provide lower serum levels that can prevent opiate overdose for several additional months and 3-year mortality rates are similar to those of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). At least 18 months of antagonist-assisted abstinence may be desirable to normalis... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4281251 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 06:10:03 +0100 4281251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4281250&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21152847%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gervilla García E, Cajal Blasco B, Jiménez López R, Palmer Pol A The aim of this study is to analyse the factors related to the use of addictive substances in adolescence using association rules, descriptive tools included in Data Mining. Thus, we have a database referring to the consumption of addictive substances in adolescence, and use the free distribution program in the R arules package (version 2.10.0). The sample was made up of 9,300 students between the ages of 14 and 18 (47.1% boys and 52.9% girls) with an average age of 15.6 (SE=1.2). The adolescents answered an anonymous questionnaire on personal, family and environmental risk factors related to substance use. The best rules obtained with regard to substance use relate the consumption of alcohol to perceived pare... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4281250 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 06:10:03 +0100 4281250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4281249&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21152848%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, it can be stated that the students surveyed showed moderate incidence of behaviours such as Internet browsing, gambling, shopping and mobile phone use, whilst a very small group are close to having an addiction problem with such behaviours. PMID: 21152848 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4281249 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 06:10:03 +0100 4281249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4281248&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21152849%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: The outcomes of this study provide support for the hypothesis that alcohol played a crucial role in the fluctuation in violent mortality rate in Russia in recent decades. Assuming that drinking vodka is usually associated with intoxication episodes, these findings provide additional evidence that the binge drinking pattern is an important determinant of the violent mortality crisis in Russia. PMID: 21152849 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4281248 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 06:10:03 +0100 4281248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4281247&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21152850%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: State anxiety decreases during the smoking cessation process, remaining at the same level after 3 months. There is a need to incorporate behavioural strategies in smoking cessation treatment. PMID: 21152850 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4281247 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 06:10:03 +0100 4281247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4281246&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21152851%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this research was to obtain, in a structural equation model, the factorial validity of smoking-related self-efficacy, as well as its structural association with behavior and smoking intention. The sample was made up of 1012 young people aged 14 to 22 (mean 16.76) from public high schools in Mexico City. These young people filled out a questionnaire that assessed tobacco use (current smokers’ age at first cigarette, smoking frequency and quantity of cigarettes smoked). They were also asked about intention to smoke in the future. Self-efficacy was assessed using items that measured one’s capacity to avoid smoking. The results indicated the factorial validity of the smoking-related self-efficacy measure in this sample. Structural equation modeling analyses suggested (X2= 11... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4281246 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 06:10:03 +0100 4281246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4281245&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21152852%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions. The use of legal and illegal drugs for those in our sample begins between the ages of 12 and 14 years, representing slightly higher frequencies than those found in big cities. Despite the illegality of the sale of tobacco and alcohol to minors, Spanish teenagers continue to obtain them. It is essential for primary care professionals, educators and families to be aware of the importance of early detection of the use of psychoactive substances. The prevention of drug addiction is more effective the sooner the potential risk is detected. PMID: 21152852 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4281245 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 06:10:03 +0100 4281245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4281244&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21152853%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: alcoholic women may have psychological mechanisms that facilitate higher abstinence rates and lower mortality rates than men. Future research for improving knowledge of such mechanisms, which are related to emotional factors such as guilt, depression and anxiety, and traditionally considered as problematic, may indicate that they actually increase motivation to change. PMID: 21152853 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4281244 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 06:10:03 +0100 4281244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4281243&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21152854%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Piñeiro B, Míguez MD, Becoña E Motivational Interviewing (MI) has proved to be effective with a wide range of addictive behaviors. However, in the case of tobacco smoking it is more difficult to demonstrate its effectiveness. MI provides specific motivational strategies for each stage of change. The aim of this paper is to review studies investigating the use of MI in the treatment of smoking in order to provide an update on its effectiveness. To this end, we reviewed the most important research published internationally and in Spain. A review of 33 selected studies leads us to conclude that it is very difficult to assess and compare the results of the studies in view of their variability and heterogeneity. Hence, it is in this area that we see the most contradictory result... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4281243 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 06:10:03 +0100 4281243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3916110&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20802980%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Parolaro D Marijuana is consistently the most widely used illicit drug among teenagers and most users first experiment it in adolescence. Adolescence is a critical period between childhood and adulthood, including not only reproductive maturation, but also cognitive, emotional and social maturation. In this period adolescent brain is still in transition differing anatomically and neurochemically from the adult's one. The endocannabinoid system is an important determinant for cerebral maturation, therefore its strong stimulation by the delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol, that acts through the endocannabinoid system, might lead to subtle but lasting neurobiological changes that can affect adult brain functions and behaviour. We summarize the more recent researches investigating the r... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3916110 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 04:00:03 +0100 3916110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3916109&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20802981%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Alcoholics with Personality disorders use maladaptive coping strategies. Patients presenting CI or BM have low capacity for introspection and are unable to properly evaluate their own abilities, so that they tend to give a socially favorable but unrealistic image of themselves. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the predictive validity of the coping skills before training alcoholics, who are especially difficult to assess due to their lower capacity for objective self-observation. PMID: 20802981 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3916109 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 04:00:03 +0100 3916109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3916108&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20802982%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: The PDSQ is a reliable and valid instrument for detecting psychiatric comorbidity in alcoholic individuals. Its psychometric properties and the added value of self-administration and short application time make it a recommended instrument for use in routine clinical settings. PMID: 20802982 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3916108 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 04:00:03 +0100 3916108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3916107&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20802983%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: In spite of its having been implemented since 1997 in Andalusian Primary Health Care, the methadone dispensing service is at an implementation phase, rather than what could be classed as a fully deployed stage. PMID: 20802983 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3916107 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 04:00:03 +0100 3916107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3916106&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20802984%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: The intervention was acceptable in two out of three classrooms, while in four out of ten the protocol was applied strictly. Greater participation of the students' families corresponded to those schools in which the intervention was better implemented. PMID: 20802984 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3916106 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 04:00:03 +0100 3916106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3916105&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20802985%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion: CBP users are mostly young males. Although clinical findings are compatible with those for cocaine abuse, euphoria is a major clinical feature in CBP abusers. The presence of respiratory symptoms reflects the complications associated with the ingestion route. Suicide attempts occurring within a few hours of CBP confirm the high prevalence of suicidal ideation reported by other authors. cocaine base paste, clinical features, suicide attempts. PMID: 20802985 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3916105 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 04:00:03 +0100 3916105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3916104&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20802986%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions. Results suggest that frontal performance should be seen as a continuous dimensional variable, ranging from optimal to non-adaptive performance, without a neat cut-off point. Addiction would be related to an increase in frontal symptoms, both mesial (apathy) and orbital (disinhibition), as well as dorsolateral (dysexecutive syndrome), and this would result in changes in the previous personality pattern. These data seriously question the supposed genetic basis of temperamental traits, and suggest hypotheses of great relevance for clinicians. PMID: 20802986 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3916104 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 04:00:03 +0100 3916104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3916103&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20802987%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bravo de Medina R, Echeburúa E, Aizpiri J The aim of this paper was to describe the psychopathological and personality profile associated with cannabis dependence in young adults and to compare it with those of non-addictive disorders and the normal population. The sample consisted of 141 cannabis-dependent subjects attending a psychiatric outpatient clinic, 140 psychiatric patients with non-addictive disorders and 140 subjects from the general population chosen to match the patient samples for age, gender and socioeconomic level. All participants were assessed with different instruments related to personality (Impulsiveness Scale, Sensation-Seeking Scale and STAI) and psychopathology (SCL-90-R, BDI, STAI and Inadaptation Scale). Patients from the clinical groups presented ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3916103 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 04:00:03 +0100 3916103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3916102&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20802988%26dopt%3DAbstract This article examines the analysis of drug use among Secondary Education students in Andalusia from two different studies: the Health Behavior in School-aged Children Study (HBSC), in its 2006 edition, and a study assessing the implementation of the Prevenir para Vivir ("Prevent to Live") drug use prevention program in the education field. To this end, on the one hand the paper analyzes the use of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis among Andalusian adolescents on the HBSC Study, and on the other, selects two groups of adolescents to examine and compare their drug use: a group from the HBSC Study who had not participated in any drug use prevention program and in whose schools the staff had not received training in relation to these issues (called HBSC Control Group), and a group of adolescents w... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3916102 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 04:00:03 +0100 3916102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3916101&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20802989%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: The scarce amount of data available on the evolution of treated alcoholism cannot be compared across studies due to considerable methodological differences. There is a need to promote common methodological criteria in relation to follow-up strategies. New statistical methods that permit longitudinal analysis for non-balanced and correlated data should also be incorporated. PMID: 20802989 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3916101 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 04:00:03 +0100 3916101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3677197&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549142%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Echeburúa E, de Corral P The Internet and virtual social networks are new technologies that have had most impact on young people and have provided many benefits to their users. However, some people become obsessed with the Internet, are unable to control their use of it, and may put their work and relationships in jeopardy. This paper addresses the issue of the maladaptive use of these technologies. Internet use and abuse are related to psychosocial variables, such as psychological vulnerability, life stress and family and social support. There are some specific risk factors for abuse of virtual social networks among young people. Certain alarm signs appear before a hobby becomes an addiction. The concept of 'Internet addiction' has been proposed as an explanation for uncon... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3677197 Sat, 19 Jun 2010 16:12:03 +0100 3677197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3677196&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549143%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guerri C In the last 40 years a vast mass of clinical, epidemiological and experimental evidence has demonstrated that alcohol is a teratogenic agent and that its consumption during gestation can cause foetal death, malformations and cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions in the exposed fetus. The most dramatic presentation is the complete foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is observed in children born from heavy alcohol consuming mothers. FAS and of other fetal alcohol-related effects was reported in both USA and Europe in the middle 80 s. However, despite these evidences, many European countries have largely forgotten or minimize the risks associated with prenatal ethanol exposure. Thirty years later, new epidemiological and clinical studies as well as new biomarkers of fet... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3677196 Sat, 19 Jun 2010 16:12:03 +0100 3677196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3677195&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549144%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: New therapeutic strategies are needed to reduce the impact of employees depressive symptoms in workplace smoking cessation programmes. PMID: 20549144 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3677195 Sat, 19 Jun 2010 16:12:03 +0100 3677195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3677194&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549145%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Personality disorders characterized by impulsivity-instability and passivity-resentfulness show higher risk of relapse into drug abuse. Personality traits characterized by high sensitivity to humiliation increase the risk of relapse, whereas pride and self-confidence are protective factors. PMID: 20549145 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3677194 Sat, 19 Jun 2010 16:12:03 +0100 3677194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3677193&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549146%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pilatti A, Godoy JC, Alejandra Brussino S A new measure of positive and negative alcohol expectancies for children aged 8 to 12 years was developed and validated. Study 1: 117 children answered a structured open-format question to provide information regarding the effects of alcohol use that they anticipate. The pool of items obtained was analyzed by a group of three experts according to the following criteria: item correspondence with two different theoretical models and item semantic clarity. Following analysis of the agreement between judges, a set of 55 items was obtained. Study 2: 209 children answered the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire for Children (CEA-N). Internal structure was analyzed through the use of exploratory factor analysis. A principal components analysis w... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3677193 Sat, 19 Jun 2010 16:12:03 +0100 3677193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3677192&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549147%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Muñoz-Rivas MJ, Gámez-Guadix M, Graña JL, Fernández L The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between substance use (i.e., alcohol and illegal drugs) and dating aggression in couples of adolescents and young adults. The sample comprised 1,282 people of between 15 and 20 years of age. Through cluster analysis, three groups of young people with different levels of substance use were identified: low, intermediate, and high use of alcohol and illegal drugs. Through logistic regression analysis, high levels of alcohol and illegal drug use were revealed to significantly increase the probability of reporting physical and sexual aggression in both sexes. Likewise, young people with high levels of use more frequently reported that they were the ones who initia... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3677192 Sat, 19 Jun 2010 16:12:03 +0100 3677192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3677191&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549148%26dopt%3DAbstract This article presents recent data, both global and at the European and Spanish levels, about a) the epidemiological situation of HIV infection among IDUs, and b) the state of development of harm-reduction programmes. The incidence of HIV infection among IDUs not only continues to grow in different areas of, for example, Southeast Asia or Eastern Europe, but has even shown an upturn in cities or specific IDU groups in parts of Western Europe with apparently comprehensive harm-reduction strategies. On the other hand, of the 158 countries that acknowledge illegal drug use via injection in their territory, only 82 support harm reduction, explicitly in national policy documents and/or through the implementation or tolerance of interventions such as needle exchange programmes or opioid agonist p... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3677191 Sat, 19 Jun 2010 16:12:03 +0100 3677191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3677190&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549149%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The natural history of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in a general hospital setting and the timings of its principal events follow a clearly recognizable pattern. This knowledge can help to provide better assessment in relation to the monitoring and treatment of these patients. PMID: 20549149 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3677190 Sat, 19 Jun 2010 16:12:03 +0100 3677190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3677189&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549150%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Calafat A, Cajal B, Juan M, Mendes F, Kokkevi A, Blay N, Palmer A, Duch MA Party networks of young people are very important for socialization, but can also influence their involvement in risk behaviours or they can be protective. The influence of nightlife network of friends in using alcohol/ drugs is investigated through a survey. We explore the individual-centred networks (7.360 friends) of 1.363 recreational nightlife users in 9 European cities in 2006, through 22 friend characteristics. Statistical analysis utilised factorial analysis with varimax rotation and analysis of variance. The 69% of the sample had been drunk during the last month and more than half of them had used illicit drugs. Most of the respondents use to have a stable group of friends with whom to go out. ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3677189 Sat, 19 Jun 2010 16:12:03 +0100 3677189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3677188&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549151%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fernández del Río E, Becoña Iglesias E The association between psychopathology and nicotine dependence in smokers has been a relevant topic in recent years. Nevertheless, little is known about personality disorders in smokers. The aim of this article is to review research published nationally and internationally which analyzes the relation between tobacco use and personality disorders. Our review permits us to affirm that research on the presence of Axis II disorders in smokers is rather scarce. Of 12 studies analyzed, it can be concluded that the prevalence of personality disorders in smokers is highly variable (between 9% and 45%), and that, in the majority of the studies, smoking is associated first with the presence of cluster C disorders (dependent, avoidant and ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3677188 Sat, 19 Jun 2010 16:12:03 +0100 3677188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3677187&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549152%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vidal Giné C, Caudevilla Gálligo F, Ventura Vilamala M PMID: 20549152 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3677187 Sat, 19 Jun 2010 16:12:03 +0100 3677187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3677186&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549153%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Calafat A, Juan M, Duch MA PMID: 20549153 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3677186 Sat, 19 Jun 2010 16:12:03 +0100 3677186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386710&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20300708%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Adan A The chronobiological aspects of addiction constitute a recently developed field of study that has obtained interesting data from both ibasic and clinical research. Drug consumption has a negative effect on the expression of circadian rhythmicity, since it produces a flattening of the functions and a delay of maximal values, and can even cause a state of desynchronization of endogenous control. Moreover, it has been shown that the clock-genes Clock and Per2 are associated with vulnerability to addiction, the first gene directly regulating dopaminergic activity in the reward system and the second participating in the sensitivity to and abstinence from drugs. The evening circadian typology has also been proposed as an individual difference to be taken into account as a ris... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386710 Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:48:05 +0100 3386710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386709&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20300709%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Faggiano F Prevention programs and interventions in the field of drug abuse are designed to reduce the incidence of onset of substance use, but they can also produce harms. This is the reason why rigorous evaluations are absolutely needed. In Europe, in spite of the large spread of such interventions, they are rarely evaluated with rigorous study designs. For these reasons it is important to promote the evaluation of every program that can be considered of relevance. This would allow the other practitioners to choose the interventions on the base of evidence of effectiveness. But which kind of evaluation prevention programs needed? There is a substantial agreement on the role of the randomized evaluation. Randomization is the only effective way to control for numerous factors ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386709 Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:48:05 +0100 3386709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386708&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20300710%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: FH of substance use and own use predict the presence of some PDs. PMID: 20300710 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386708 Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:48:05 +0100 3386708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386707&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20300711%26dopt%3DAbstract We present the case of a patient, with pre-existing psychiatric conditions, who developed congestive heart failure and pulmonary oedema in the context of severe biventricular dysfunction and myocardial necrosis secondary to longstanding ephedrine abuse. Secondary causes of dilated myocardiopathy such as alcohol abuse, autoimmunity, hemochromatosis, thyroid alterations, viral or bacterial myocarditis and coronary heart disease, were ruled out. Five years after total cessation of use of the drug containing ephedrine, the patient is symptom-free, with partial recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction. PMID: 20300711 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386707 Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:48:05 +0100 3386707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386706&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20300712%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions. The Spanish version of the HSNS could be a valid instrument for the assessment of covert narcissism in those treated for drug abuse or dependence. PMID: 20300712 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386706 Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:48:05 +0100 3386706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386705&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20300713%26dopt%3DAbstract This study confirms the utility of this new instrument for assessing nicotine dependence in smokers who also abuse or depend upon alcohol. PMID: 20300713 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386705 Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:48:05 +0100 3386705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386704&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20300714%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion: These results reveal the relationship between attendance on a cocaine-dependence treatment program and personal values, together with their potential importance in treatment and rehabilitation programs for cocaine users. PMID: 20300714 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386704 Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:48:05 +0100 3386704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386703&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20300715%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sánchez-Hervás E, Secades-Villa R, Santonja Gómez FJ, Zacarés Romaguera F, García-Rodríguez O, Martin Yanez E, Calatayud Francés M, García Fernández G The high rate of dropout from treatment programs is one of the most serious problems in the field of drug dependence. Early identification of predictors of dropout risk can provide useful information on the specific treatment needs of these types of patient. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of premature cessation of an outpatient treatment program for cocaine addicts. The study was carried out at public healthcare units in a Spanish city. Participants were 91 cocaine addicts admitted for treatment for their addiction, assessed by means of interview and various self-rep... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386703 Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:48:05 +0100 3386703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386702&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20300716%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: GHQ-28 shows adequate reliability and appropriate sensitivity and specificity parameters when it is applied to opiate-dependent patients. However, the original factorial structure could not be confirmed. Given these results and those from other validity studies in which the relationships with Severity of Dependence, Physical Health and Health-Related Quality of Life were shown, the GHQ-28 can be considered a useful instrument for screening in clinical practice. PMID: 20300716 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386702 Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:48:05 +0100 3386702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386701&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20300717%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Patients addicted to psychoactive substances turn to health services only after long TC and TSAM; moreover, the delay in seeking medical care on the part of relatives means that patients continue to use substances. PMID: 20300717 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386701 Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:48:05 +0100 3386701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752784&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718488%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mustata C, Torrens M, Pardo R, Pérez C, Group TP, Farré M Some smokable herbal mixtures under the brand name Spice drugs have been sold on the Internet and in specialised shops (smart shops) since 2004. The mixtures are advertised as an exotic incense blend which releases a rich aroma and not for human consumption. When smoked, Spice drugs products have been reported by products have been reported by some users to have effects similar to those of cannabis. Spice drugs have received intensive attention in drug forums due to the possibility to obtain a non legal substitute of cannabis. Forensic analyses have found different potent synthetic cannabinoid agonists in some Spice drugs products, as JWH-018, CP 47497, JWH-073 and HU-210. There are few data about its pharmaco... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752784 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:12:03 +0100 2752784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752783&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718489%26dopt%3DAbstract This study highlights the importance of attitudes and subjective norm in the explanation of current cocaine use, but especially the function of perceived behavioral control as a risk factor that should be taken into account in the design of preventive strategies. PMID: 19718489 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752783 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:12:03 +0100 2752783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752782&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718490%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: The Spanish adaptation of the CCQ-N-10 shows metric adequacy, and can be considered as a suitable assessment instrument in relation to cocaineuse disorders. PMID: 19718490 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752782 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:12:03 +0100 2752782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752781&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718491%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Alcohol advertising expenditure remains high in Spain, with young people as a primary target. In contrast, there is only modest investment in preventive advertising. Regulatory measures are necessary with a view to protecting populations especially susceptible to uncontrolled consumption. PMID: 19718491 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752781 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:12:03 +0100 2752781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752780&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718492%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moral Jiménez Mde L, Rodríguez Díaz FJ, Ovejero Bernal A, Sirvent Ruiz C Experimentation with alcohol constitutes a problem on the increase among young people in recent years, and mean age at first consumption has fallen. The goal of the present work was to carry out an exploratory study of attitudes toward alcohol use in terms of three dimensions (cognitive, affective and behavioural) in a sample of 755 secondary school pupils from the Principality of Asturias (Spain). Subsequently, we selected a sample of 141 adolescents described as at risk in view of their more permissive attitudes in relation to their lower age level (mean= 14.24 years), with the aim of applying a socio-educational preventive programme that included follow-up assessments at two, seven and t... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752780 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:12:03 +0100 2752780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752779&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718493%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vallejo-Medina P, Guillén-Riquelme A, Sierra JC It is well known that there is a lack of psychometric studies testing sexual function in drug-dependent population. Thus, the main objective of this work was to carry out the first psychometric analysis of the Brief Sexual Functioning Inventory (BSFI) in a sample of drug users (N = 104). Participants filled out the BSFI, Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ-14) and Addictive Behavior Questionnaire (ABQ). The BSFI shows a five-factor structure similar to the original (Sexual drive, α = .75; Satisfaction, α = .63; Erectile function, α = .70; Ejaculatory function, α = .74; and Problem Assessment, α = .70), though compared to the original scale two items are loading in a ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752779 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:12:03 +0100 2752779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752778&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718494%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: the results of the present study suggest a positive relation between vodka sale and myocardial infarction mortality rate at aggregate level and support the hypothesis that binge drinking of strong spirits is a risk factor of myocardial infarction at the individual level. Thus, from a public policy point of view, the outcome of this study suggests that cardiovascularrelated mortality prevention programs should put more focus on addressing alcohol consumption structure. PMID: 19718494 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752778 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:12:03 +0100 2752778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752777&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718495%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents the data obtained in tests carried out in the period 2003- 2007 at the Antidoping Laboratory of Rome, on 44781 samples analysed. The methods used are those developed by the Laboratory for routine antidoping analyses. The percentage of positive test results ranges from 1.1 to 2%, with a high incidence of stimulants and drugs of abuse. The substance most frequently found is THC metabolite, which accounts for 0.2-0.4% of the total, followed by cocaine metabolites, accounting for 0.1%. Other stimulants found are ephedrines, carphedon, modafinil, and anorexic compounds such as phendimetrazine and norfenfluramine. No amphetamines or amphetaminelike designer drugs have been detected. These data may be indicative of the widespread incidence of cocaine and cannabis abuse among t... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752777 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:12:03 +0100 2752777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752776&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718496%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Based on these results, the aim is to develop an addiction prevention program for public high school pupils in Mexico City. PMID: 19718496 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752776 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 04:12:03 +0100 2752776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2581118&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19578726%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carvalho F The aging or senescence process that follows maturation is characterized by time-related functional decline due to genetic, biochemical, physiological and anatomical degeneration in tissues and organ systems with time. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the heart and brain is inversely related to maximum life span of mammals, suggesting that accumulation of mtDNA damage is involved in the various disorders associated with aging, cancer and neurodegeneration. The suppression of stem/progenitor cell proliferation also contributes to the aging process, by reducing tissue regeneration and repair and ultimately reducing longevity. Another important factor is the intracellular deposition of lipofuscin granules (age pigment), a non-degradable polymeric materi... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2581118 Wed, 08 Jul 2009 21:16:02 +0100 2581118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2581117&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19578727%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martínez-González JM, Graña Gómez JL, Trujillo Mendoza HM The purpose of this study is to analyze to efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment program, in individual and group format, for people with alcohol problems, and to determine the role of some personality variables in the process of therapeutic recovery. The sample was made up of 80 patients diagnosed as alcoholics, 83.8 % of whom were men (n = 67) and 16.3 % were women (n = 13). Mean age was 42.73 years, with a standard deviation of 9.63 years. Basically, we found a high incidence of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and consumption patterns that change as a function of the presence or absence of personality disorders. We also observed that the results varied in relation to physiological... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2581117 Wed, 08 Jul 2009 21:16:02 +0100 2581117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2581116&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19578728%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion: Before and after training, health professionals hardly intervene in patients with alcohol or tobacco consumption even we observed higher detection and assist for alcohol risk consumption. It is necessary to examine other barriers to the application of the knowledge gained. PMID: 19578728 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2581116 Wed, 08 Jul 2009 21:16:02 +0100 2581116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2581115&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19578729%26dopt%3DAbstract This study analyses the neuropsychological profile of a sample of cocaine addicts and compares it with a control group from the same social environment. Also, it explores the predictive power of some neuropsychological tests on treatment outcome six months after the exploration. Participants and method. We administered a neuropsychological battery to 30 patients with a diagnosis of cocaine abuse or cocaine dependence, and to 30 control participants with no history of drug abuse from the same social environment. Results. Verbal learning (p<0.001), immediate visual memory (p<0.05), attentional resources management (p<0.05), phonologic fluency (p<0.01), abstraction (p<0.001), complex problem-solving (p<0.05) and mental flexibility (p<0.05) are the functions most affected ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2581115 Wed, 08 Jul 2009 21:16:02 +0100 2581115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2581114&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19578730%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vidal-Infer A, Tomás-Dols S, Aguilar-Moya R, Samper-Gras T, Zarza M, Aguilar-Serrano J The aim of this study was to develop an exploratory approach to characterizing the pattern of recreational abuse of alcohol and other drugs abuse at Christmas work dinners. An adaptation of the rapid assessment methodology RARE was carried out through the combination of quantitative (rapid assessment surveys, n=444) and qualitative (observations and semistructured interviews, n=8) techniques. The fieldwork was carried out at 13 restaurants in Valencia and Alicante (Spain) in December 2007. In general we observed a marked increase in the use of alcohol and other substances compared to the rest of the year, though restaurant staff perceived a decrease in alcohol abuse attributable to new ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2581114 Wed, 08 Jul 2009 21:16:02 +0100 2581114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2581113&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19578731%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions; BZ-use data and their relationship to time spent on methadone are similar to those of other published studies. Despite the recommendation to use long half-life BZ in patients with substance abuse disorders, it is striking that in the case studied here the most widely prescribed type is alprazolam. PMID: 19578731 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2581113 Wed, 08 Jul 2009 21:16:02 +0100 2581113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2581112&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19578732%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows the relevance of the belief that smoking is associated with good body image and that sport is practiced to improve physical appearance. PMID: 19578732 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2581112 Wed, 08 Jul 2009 21:16:02 +0100 2581112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2581111&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19578733%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: The data suggest that the Spanish version of the DEX is a useful measure for assessing general symptoms of dysexecutive syndrome, and a valid, reliable and adequate screening test for estimating cognitive impairment associated with substance abuse. PMID: 19578733 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2581111 Wed, 08 Jul 2009 21:16:02 +0100 2581111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2581110&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19578734%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roncero C, López-Ortiz C, Barral C, Sáez-Francàs N, Rovira M, Casas M Dual diagnosis requires complex therapeutic approaches to adapt treatment to the dual nature of the problem. It is important to understand the drug effects and the drug interactions that may be observed during the integral treatment of these pathologies. Given the scarcity of data on the effects of lithium and methadone treatment, the aim of this clinical case report is to explain the interactions produced between methadone and lithium carbonate, in a female patient with medical multi-pathology, opioid-dependent and with comorbid bipolar disorder, who was treated with both drugs. The most common adverse effects for each drug are described. Drug interactions and temporal correspondence of the t... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2581110 Wed, 08 Jul 2009 21:16:02 +0100 2581110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302871&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19333518%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramón Villalbí J, Gual A Professionals treating persons with addictions must work with the individual characteristics of each case. However, collective aspects shape consumption at the population level and also the personal frequency of exposure which influences the development of dependence. Among factors influencing consumption, some may be modified by regulations or public policies. Most important are those related to substance availability, social acceptability of use, promotion, price, and treatment availability. This editorial discusses actors favouring and opposing the adoption of preventive policies, the contexts in which they are discussed, and the potential role of professionals and their organisations. PMID: 19333518 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adic... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302871 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:45:19 +0100 2302871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302870&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19333519%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cadaveira Mahía F Binge Drinking (BD) pattern is firmly established among adolescents and young people. This pattern has raised a strong concern within the neuroscience community due to its possible impact on specific brain regions still maturing. Research with animal models demonstrates that BD may have serious structural and functional effects during these ages. Some regions like the prefrontal cortex or the hippocampus and the cognitive processes in which these structures play a role seem to be specific targets of alcohol. Results provided by the scarce studies carried out in humans support the evidence from previous animal experiments. However, we are far from being able to answer if this pattern of consumption has a special effect in the adolescent brain and what the... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302870 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:45:19 +0100 2302870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302869&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19333520%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Group Therapy for Relapse Prevention is effective, easy to apply in the outpatient context and obtains better rates of abstinence than standard outpatient treatment at the one-year follow-up. PMID: 19333520 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302869 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:45:19 +0100 2302869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302868&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19333521%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: In this sample women and men have different perceptions about tobacco. Level of tolerance and permissiveness with regard to alcohol contributes to the fact that young people perceive less risk in relation smoking. Starting smoking tobacco early may make the use of alcohol and other drugs more likely. PMID: 19333521 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302868 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:45:19 +0100 2302868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302867&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19333522%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion: Results show that a wide proportion of the variance in the MCMI-II is better explained by recent changes than stable traits and their extreme combinations. As these results are obtained in substance addict population, it is suggested part of which the MCMI-II measures can be referred to changes in personality. These changes may be associated to inadequate answers to stressful environmental factors. They can be also associated to changes in brain functions due to direct or indirect influences of substances on brain locations. PMID: 19333522 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302867 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:45:19 +0100 2302867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302866&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19333523%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Al-Halabí Díaz S, Errasti Pérez JM, Fernández Hermida JR Several studies have indicated that certain aspects of schools may influence parents decision to participate in preventive interventions related to the health of their children. Objectives: 1) To study the relationship between parental rating of calls for participation sent from the school and family risk factors. 2) To study differences in parents attendance and drop-out for a family-based drug-use prevention programme according to their rating of the calls for participation sent out by the school. Sample: 339 families of children aged 12-14 from 3 state (public) secondary schools in the region of Asturias (Spain). Results and conclusions: It is noteworthy that parents with higher educational level p... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302866 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:45:19 +0100 2302866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302865&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19333524%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Calvete E, Estévez A The aim of this study was to assess the association between stress, cognitive schemas, impulsivity, and substance use in adolescents. A sample of 657 adolescents (367 girls and 290 boys) completed measures of stressful life events, cognitive schemas of grandiosity and insufficient self-control, impulsive style of problem-solving and substance use. The results indicated that stressful life events and the cognitive schemas were significantly associated with substance use. In addition, the impulsive style of problem-solving moderated the relationship between stressors and substance use, this association being stronger among more impulsive adolescents. Finally, the results indicated that boys scored higher on Grandiosity and on the use of marijuana, cocai... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302865 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:45:19 +0100 2302865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302864&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19333525%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lorea I, Fernández-Montalvo J, López-Goñi JJ, Landa N This paper explores the personality disorders most commonly related to cocaine addiction. The samples used were 60 cocaine-addicted patients, who were assessed with the MCMI-II before treatment, and 50 normative participants from the general population with the same demographic features (age, sex and socioeconomic level). According to the results, 36.7% of the clinical sample (versus 16% of the normative sample) showed at least one personality disorder. The most prevalent disorders in the cocaine sample were Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder and Dependent Personality Disorder (10% in each case), followed by Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and Histrionic Personality Disorder (6.7% each). Moreov... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302864 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:45:19 +0100 2302864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302863&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19333526%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gervilla García E, Jiménez López R, Montaño Moreno JJ, Sesé Abad A, Cajal Blasco B, Palmer Pol A This paper is aimed mainly at making researchers in the field of drug addictions aware of a methodology of data analysis aimed at knowledge discovery in databases (KDD). KDD is a process consisting of a series of phases, the most characteristic of which is called data mining (DM), whereby different modelling techniques are applied in order to detect patterns and relationships among the data. Common and differentiating factors between the most widely used DM techniques are analysed, mainly from a methodological viewpoint, and their use is exemplified using data related to alcohol consumption in teenagers and its possible relationship with personality variabl... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302863 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:45:19 +0100 2302863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302862&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19333527%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pérez Gómez A Transitions in drug abuse (going from one substance to another and from one form of administration to another) has been scarcely studied in Latin America. In this project 96 people in treatment, aged 14 to 50, were interviewed in seven Colombian cities. Five kinds of transition were identified: general, cumulative, substitutive, reverse and negative, occurring at nine different points; 113 transitional patterns (combinations of two substances) were found, 23 common to men and women, 10 exclusive to women and 80 exclusive to men. Contrary to all expectations, 21 cases of heroin users appeared in this sample, mainly among upper- and middle-class users, more in men than in women, and in very young people: 11 out of 21 were under 20 years of age. The 10 mai... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302862 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:45:19 +0100 2302862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833835&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18818855%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Data strongly suggest that observed differences are not previous, but consecutive to the addiction, it being apparent that the effects of the substances and the psychosocial conditions associated with their consumption are what exacerbates or blocks development of the traits. Findings are related to studies linking these variables with neuropsychological functions, and the inclusion of this neuropsychological perspective is strongly proposed for application to the assessment and treatment of addictive disorders. PMID: 18818855 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833835 Sat, 27 Sep 2008 17:08:37 +0100 1833835 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1830155&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18813768%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Giesbrecht N There is growing evidence of extensive damage from alcohol to chronic disease, trauma, social problems and high economic costs. In a number of countries there has been an increase in consumption and/or high risk drinking in recent years. However, it appears that in many context alcohol management is not yet of high priority. Canada has experienced several developments in recent years: a gradual increase in overall consumption, an increase in high risk drinking, more extensive marketing and promotion of alcoholic beverages, and easier access to alcohol. Survey data for Canada, and for Ontario, the most populous province, indicate that the proportion drinking 5+ per occasion has increased since the mid-1990s. Overall, alcohol-related harm has been conservatively est... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1830155 Fri, 26 Sep 2008 18:16:54 +0100 1830155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1830154&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18813769%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guardia Serecigni J Several observational follow-up studies about cardiovascular health have found an overlap between moderate drinking and lower mortality from coronary heart disease and other causes. However, such studies have serious methodological limitations. Most non-drinkers were in fact ex-drinkers, that is, people who had had to stop drinking for health reasons. Other variables that may play a decisive role in cardiovascular risk, such as tobacco smoking, exercise and body mass index, were not evaluated, and changes in drinking habits were not assessed periodically. Due to the methodological limitations of these studies, the findings suggest a statistical association but not a causality relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and lower risk of mortality. Fur... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1830154 Fri, 26 Sep 2008 18:16:54 +0100 1830154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1830153&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18813770%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Drug abuse has specific social repercussions that should be taken into account in the establishment of appropriate help mechanisms. PMID: 18813770 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1830153 Fri, 26 Sep 2008 18:16:54 +0100 1830153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1830152&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18813771%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ochoa E, Salvador E, Madoz-Gúrpide A, Lázaro M The increase in opiate addicts in treatment with methadone, coupled with improved survival of HIV patients, has meant an increase in the demand for detoxification from this substance in our environment. It is common practice in hospital detoxification units to request a maximum dose of methadone (around 40 mg) on beginning detoxification treatment. However this is not always possible, due to the time needed for a gradual decrease for outpatients making daily visits to the methadone dispensing centres, due to the appearance of withdrawal symptoms, or because the patient starts out from very high doses of methadone. Reported here is an experience with 22 inpatients who over the last two years underwent detoxification from ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1830152 Fri, 26 Sep 2008 18:16:54 +0100 1830152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1830151&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18813772%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Oxcarbazepine is effective in reducing impulsivity and craving in relation to cocaine. Thus, we recommend high initial doses of oxcarbazepine in patients with high impulsivity prior to treatment. PMID: 18813772 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1830151 Fri, 26 Sep 2008 18:16:54 +0100 1830151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1830150&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18813773%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that intermittent alcohol binge drinking, either heavy or moderate, in young people results in poorer performance in neuropsychological tasks such as Digits, Corsi or Stroop, which depend on correct PC functioning. Our results support the claim that the binge pattern of exposure to ethanol leads to neurocognitive and neurobehavioural impairment equivalent, in many respects, to that found in chronic drinkers. Moreover, intermittent heavy alcohol drinking in adolescence and early adulthood increases the risks of lifetime alcohol dependence and other psychopathologies. PMID: 18813773 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1830150 Fri, 26 Sep 2008 18:16:54 +0100 1830150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1830149&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18813774%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The findings from this study provide evidence to support the use of the IDUQoL as a specific quality of life instrument in the addictive disorders context, and confirm its appropriate characteristics in the Spanish adaptation. PMID: 18813774 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1830149 Fri, 26 Sep 2008 18:16:54 +0100 1830149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1830148&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18813775%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this work is to check whether a UCA-CAB (Centre for Addictive Behaviour) can achieve detox and reduce the risk of early relapse (up to 12 weeks) in alcoholic patients. All patients had an established organic addiction and serious withdrawal syndrome, and had undergone multiple previous treatments. Furthermore, they had not managed to abstain for a 3-month consecutive period over the previous 2 years. The aim of the Directly Observed Treatment was to attain detox and reduce relapse by following a multi-method approach: medical, psychological and personal care, based on a brief daily consultation and pharmacological supervision. The results were as follows: Of the 18 patients included in the study, after 12 weeks, 13 (72 %) were still abstinent and 4 (22 %) had relapsed. Thu... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1830148 Fri, 26 Sep 2008 18:16:54 +0100 1830148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1656111&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551222%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ibañez Cuadrado A The addictions are common chronic psychiatric diseases which represent a serious worldwide public-health problem. They have a high prevalence and negative effects at individual, family and societal level, with a high sanitary cost. Epidemiological genetic research has revealed that addictions are moderately to highly heritable. Also the investigation has evidenced that environmental and genetic factors contribute to individual differences in vulnerability to addictions. Advances in the neurobiology of addiction joined to the development of new molecular genetic technologies, have led to the identification of a variety of underlying genes and pathways in addiction process, leading to the description of common molecular mechanisms in substance and behaviou... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1656111 Sat, 26 Jul 2008 13:41:40 +0100 1656111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1656110&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551223%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Montoya I Immunotherapies in the form of vaccines (active immunization) or monoclonal antibodies (passive immunization) appear safe and a promising treatment approaches for some substance-related disorders. The mechanism of action of the antibody therapy is by preventing the rapid entry of drugs of abuse into the central nervous system. In theory, immunotherapies could have several clinical applications. Monoclonal antibodies may be useful to treat drug overdoses and prevent the neurotoxic effects of drugs by blocking the access of drugs to the brain. Vaccines may help to prevent the development of addiction, initiate drug abstinence in those already addicted to drugs, or prevent drug use relapse by reducing the pharmacological effects and rewarding properties of the drugs of ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1656110 Sat, 26 Jul 2008 13:41:40 +0100 1656110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1656109&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551224%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aguilar de Arcos F, Verdejo Garcia A, Lopez Jimenez A, Montañez Pareja M, Gomez Juarez E, Arraez Sanchez F, Perez Garcia M In a phenomenon as complex as drug dependence there is no doubt that affective and emotional aspects are involved. However, there has been little research to date on these emotional aspects, especially in specific relation to everyday affective stimuli, unrelated to drug use. In this work we investigate whether the consumption of narcotic substances causes changes in the emotional response to powerful unconditional natural stimuli, such as those of a sexual nature. To this end, I.A.P.S. images with explicit erotic content were shown to 84 drug-dependent males, in separate groups according to preferred substance. These groups' results were compared wit... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1656109 Sat, 26 Jul 2008 13:41:40 +0100 1656109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1656108&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551225%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to examine other barriers to the application of the knowledge gained. PMID: 18551225 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1656108 Sat, 26 Jul 2008 13:41:40 +0100 1656108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1656107&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551226%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garcia Del Castillo JA, Terol Mdel C, Nieto M, Lledo A, Sanchez S, Martin-Aragon M, Sitges E AIM: To adapt a questionnaire for assessing the use and abuse of Internet, as well as the relationship between this resource and psychosocial profile in a group of university students. METHOD: 391 students filled out the questionnaires; 26.1% were men and 73.9% were women, with a mean age of 19.59 years (DT = +/- 2.83; Range: 18-47 years). We used a sociodemographic questionnaire, Social skills questionnaire (Caballo, 1993, EMES-C and EMES-M), Personality questionnaire (E.P.I., Eysenck and Eysenck, 1982), and an Internet and Use and Abuse of Internet questionnaire (adapted from Bruner, 1997, Suler, 1996 and Young, 1996a, Garcia del Castillo y Terol, 2007). RESULTS: 73.91 % of students ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1656107 Sat, 26 Jul 2008 13:41:40 +0100 1656107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1656106&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551227%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: BZD-abusing patients are less mature and self-sufficient, more impressionable, insecure, and have a high tendency to avoid risk. Patients with PD are more impulsive and less cooperative. The characteristics found with TCI are coherent with the difficulties of these patients during treatment and with clinical impressions. These problematic areas should become therapeutic targets to be modified through treatment. For all of these reasons the TCI emerges as a useful instrument for understanding, assessing and identifying alcoholic patients and their treatment needs. PMID: 18551227 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1656106 Sat, 26 Jul 2008 13:41:40 +0100 1656106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1656105&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551229%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mantecón A, Juan M, Calafat A, Becoña E, Román E The paper introduces a variant of chain-referral sampling: respondent-driven sampling (RDS). This sampling method shows that methods based on network analysis can be combined with the statistical validity of standard probability sampling methods. In this sense, RDS appears to be a mathematical improvement of snowball sampling oriented to the study of hidden populations. However, we try to prove its validity with populations that are not within a sampling frame but can nonetheless be contacted without difficulty. The basics of RDS are explained through our research on young people (aged 14 to 25) who go clubbing, consume alcohol and other drugs, and have sex. Fieldwork was carried out between May and July 2007 in t... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1656105 Sat, 26 Jul 2008 13:41:40 +0100 1656105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1656104&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551230%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a review of current knowledge in this field and data from our own studies: genetic studies of this system in eating disorders and in obesity and studies of localization of cannabinoid receptors at sites related to feeding. These studies support a state of cannabinoid hyperactivity in obesity; furthermore, such hyperactivity can constitute a prognostic factor. PMID: 18551230 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1656104 Sat, 26 Jul 2008 13:41:40 +0100 1656104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1656103&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551231%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present research is to assess perception of and levels of satisfaction with the Lugar de Escucha program, as well as its brief interventions using counseling and motivational sessions. The study is of a pre-experimental type, with a single-group pretest-posttest measurement design. The sample was made up of 128 participants (9.4% females and 90.6% males), aged 15 to 51 (mean= 23.65; standard deviation = 7.92), users of cannabis, cocaine base paste, cocaine, inhalants and alcohol who attended the program. Data collection was carried out using Attention Forms (FdA); the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA); the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (CST); and the Cases Follow-up Survey (ESC). In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the Lugar de Esc... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1656103 Sat, 26 Jul 2008 13:41:40 +0100 1656103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557243&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18299776%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brewer C Addiction treatment aims to reduce the harm that addiction causes to individuals and society. However, many clinics, especially in the private sector, have ideological objections to using medico-pharmacological treatments and are often critical of other services that do offer pharmacological treatments. This situation contrasts sharply with the attitude of family planning (FP) clinics, even though they too aim to reduce harm. Ironically, the most anti-pharmacological clinics are often those which proclaim most loudly that addiction is a 'disease', while avoiding unwanted pregnancy, which is not usually seen as a disease, is widely and effectively achieved with medical techniques. FP clinics typically consider widely varying patterns of sexual behaviour, social context... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557243 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557242&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18299777%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gómez CP, Barrera AB According to the European Drug and Drug Addiction Observatory, after Cannabis, Cocaine is the most widely used illegal drug in Europe. Awareness of the damage caused by consuming this substance is clear in some areas, while in others it may be ignored, underestimated or poorly dimensioned. The information systems that do exist almost certainly underestimate the number of deaths connected with cocaine. Apart from the potential the drug has to cause direct damage to different organs of the body, its consumption can lead to serious problems arising from other circumstances that are not always connected with this drug, including murders, traffic accidents and accidents at work, infectious diseases related to high-risk behaviour, and suicides. Cocaine is i... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557242 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557241&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18299778%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lozano Rojas OM, Acedos Bilbao I, González Saiz F, Ballesta Gómez R The measurement of perception and satisfaction with opiate substitute treatment programmes has concentrated mainly on evaluating the properties of the service offered at treatment centres. Beyond the health-care context, these programmes need to become part of the patient's personal and social life for them to be followed. The purpose of this work is to offer a theoretical frame of reference for the construction of a scale for integral measurement of patient perception of opiate substitute treatments. A sample of 18 outpatient and residential patients in a buprenorphine pilot study, transferred from a methadone treatment programme, who showed indications of abandoning treatment, was given a semi-stru... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557241 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557240&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18299779%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Arcos FA, Verdejo García A, López Jiménez A, Montañez Pareja M, Gómez Juárez E, Arráez Sánchez F, Pérez García M The main objective of this study was to analyze emotional response to a set of everyday emotional visual stimuli unrelated to drug use. Two groups of prescribed opiate drug abusers (heroin+methadone vs. methadone-only groups) currently participating in the Andalusian Experimental Prescribed Drug Program (Programa Experimental de Prescripcion de Estupefacientes de Andalucia, PEPSA) were studied, and comparisons made between them, within them for different phases, and between them and a normative group of nonusers. For this purpose we used the I.C.E.R.E., an instrument based on the I.A.P.S. (International Affective ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557240 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557239&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18299780%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Calafat A, Juan M, Becoña E, Mantecón A Many people associate the use of alcohol and other drugs with sexuality. It is common to find that each drug is associated with a specific effect on sexuality. Weekend recreational nightlife settings are increasingly important places for the young, and frequented by them more and more in search of sex and drug-taking opportunities. In this research we are interested in the role the young attribute to recreational drugs with regard to their sexual practices. We interviewed a sample of 100 young people from four Spanish cities, using a questionnaire with both open and closed questions. Snowball sampling was used to find those who had had sexual experience, who had taken recreational drugs and who liked going to discos, bars, etc.... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557239 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557238&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18299781%26dopt%3DAbstract This study compared the recovery process of two groups of alcohol abusers in Spain, one that had recovered with treatment and one that had recovered without treatment. Using advertisements and other recruitment strategies, 32 Spanish participants (16 treatment-seekers and 16 self-changers) were recruited, all of whom had had problems with alcohol consumption and had recovered 1 year or more previously. Participants were interviewed on a single occasion about their alcohol use history and recovery. Results showed that the two groups differed significantly in variables such as degree of dependence, type of recovery, and coping strategies used in the maintenance of recovery. As in previous research, pressure and support from the person's family and social circle played an important role in re... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557238 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557237&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18299782%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nadal Alemany R There is considerable variation in individual vulnerability to addiction that may be related to personality factors. One of the most widely studied personality traits in relation to susceptibility to addiction has been novelty or sensation-seeking. In the present review we mainly analyze basic research data on the relationship between addiction and novelty-seeking. In animal models, this trait has been assessed mainly by means of motor activity in an inescapable novel environment. Thus, two typologies of rats have been established, the so-called LR (low-responders) and the HR (high-responders), which respectively show low and high levels of activity in a novel environment. HR animals are more sensitive to the motor-stimulating effects of various drugs, and show... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557237 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557236&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18299783%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: A positive CDI, a measure of difficulty in the management of complexities and poor social skills, may have treatment-matching implications, such as the selection of interventions targeted at interpersonal difficulties. Personality assessment should be considered in such patients. PMID: 18299783 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557236 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557235&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18299784%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mendes FJ, Lomba L The positive and negative representations of ecstasy were studied in a sample of 223 young people who consumed ecstasy in the city of Coimbra, recruited using the snowball technique. With regard to negative representations they highlight the harmful effects on the brain, with regard to positive effects they highlight the pleasure associated with dancing. The consumers acknowledge the negative representations but consider the positive representations much more important. Rating of the positive representations does not vary according to frequency of consumption, number of pills consumed or whether or not they are polyconsumers. However, those with more negative representations show less abusive consumption patterns. Implications for prevention are discussed. ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557235 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557234&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551222%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ibañez Cuadrado A The addictions are common chronic psychiatric diseases which represent a serious worldwide public-health problem. They have a high prevalence and negative effects at individual, family and societal level, with a high sanitary cost. Epidemiological genetic research has revealed that addictions are moderately to highly heritable. Also the investigation has evidenced that environmental and genetic factors contribute to individual differences in vulnerability to addictions. Advances in the neurobiology of addiction joined to the development of new molecular genetic technologies, have led to the identification of a variety of underlying genes and pathways in addiction process, leading to the description of common molecular mechanisms in substance and behaviou... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557234 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557233&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551223%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Montoya I Immunotherapies in the form of vaccines (active immunization) or monoclonal antibodies (passive immunization) appear safe and a promising treatment approaches for some substance-related disorders. The mechanism of action of the antibody therapy is by preventing the rapid entry of drugs of abuse into the central nervous system. In theory, immunotherapies could have several clinical applications. Monoclonal antibodies may be useful to treat drug overdoses and prevent the neurotoxic effects of drugs by blocking the access of drugs to the brain. Vaccines may help to prevent the development of addiction, initiate drug abstinence in those already addicted to drugs, or prevent drug use relapse by reducing the pharmacological effects and rewarding properties of the drugs of ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557233 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557232&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551224%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aguilar de Arcos F, Verdejo Garcia A, Lopez Jimenez A, Montañez Pareja M, Gomez Juarez E, Arraez Sanchez F, Perez Garcia M In a phenomenon as complex as drug dependence there is no doubt that affective and emotional aspects are involved. However, there has been little research to date on these emotional aspects, especially in specific relation to everyday affective stimuli, unrelated to drug use. In this work we investigate whether the consumption of narcotic substances causes changes in the emotional response to powerful unconditional natural stimuli, such as those of a sexual nature. To this end, I.A.P.S. images with explicit erotic content were shown to 84 drug-dependent males, in separate groups according to preferred substance. These groups' results were compared wit... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557232 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557231&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551225%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: It is necessary to examine other barriers to the application of the knowledge gained. PMID: 18551225 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557231 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557230&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551226%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garcia Del Castillo JA, Terol MD, Nieto M, Lledo A, Sanchez S, Martin-Aragon M, Sitges E Aim: To adapt a questionnaire for assessing the use and abuse of Internet, as well as the relationship between this resource and psychosocial profile in a group of university students. Method: 391 students filled out the questionnaires; 26.1% were men and 73.9% were women, with a mean age of 19.59 years (DT = +/- 2.83; Range: 18-47 years). We used a sociodemographic questionnaire, Social skills questionnaire (Caballo, 1993, EMES-C and EMES-M), Personality questionnaire (E.P.I., Eysenck and Eysenck, 1982), and an Internet and Use and Abuse of Internet questionnaire (adapted from Bruner, 1997, Suler, 1996 and Young, 1996a, Garcia del Castillo y Terol, 2007). Results: 73.91 % of students conn... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557230 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557230 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557229&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551227%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: BZD-abusing patients are less mature and self-sufficient, more impressionable, insecure, and have a high tendency to avoid risk. Patients with PD are more impulsive and less cooperative. The characteristics found with TCI are coherent with the difficulties of these patients during treatment and with clinical impressions. These problematic areas should become therapeutic targets to be modified through treatment. For all of these reasons the TCI emerges as a useful instrument for understanding, assessing and identifying alcoholic patients and their treatment needs. PMID: 18551227 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557229 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557229 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557228&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551228%26dopt%3DAbstract This article deals with the maladaptive use of these technologies. By reviewing the literature published between 1991 and 2005 and indexed in the databases of PsycINFO, Medline, Psicodoc, IME, and ISOC, we aim to determine whether maladaptive use of these technologies can be considered a mental disorder, and if so, of which type. We describe the psychological phenomena of maladaptive use of the internet and mobile phones, we review research on prevalence and possible risk groups, and finally we discuss some of the criticisms made with regard to the existence and classification of this disorder. It is concluded that excessive use of the internet can lead to a mental disorder of the addictive type, which can particularly affect individuals with special emotional needs, as well as adolescents... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557228 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557227&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551229%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mantecon A, Juan M, Calafat A, Becoña E, Roman E The paper introduces a variant of chain-referral sampling: respondent-driven sampling (RDS). This sampling method shows that methods based on network analysis can be combined with the statistical validity of standard probability sampling methods. In this sense, RDS appears to be a mathematical improvement of snowball sampling oriented to the study of hidden populations. However, we try to prove its validity with populations that are not within a sampling frame but can nonetheless be contacted without difficulty. The basics of RDS are explained through our research on young people (aged 14 to 25) who go clubbing, consume alcohol and other drugs, and have sex. Fieldwork was carried out between May and July 2007 in three Spani... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557227 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557226&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551230%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a review of current knowledge in this field and data from our own studies: genetic studies of this system in eating disorders and in obesity and studies of localization of cannabinoid receptors at sites related to feeding. These studies support a state of cannabinoid hyperactivity in obesity; furthermore, such hyperactivity can constitute a prognostic factor. PMID: 18551230 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557226 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557226 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557225&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18551231%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present research is to assess perception of and levels of satisfaction with the Lugar de Escucha program, as well as its brief interventions using counseling and motivational sessions. The study is of a pre-experimental type, with a single-group pretest-posttest measurement design. The sample was made up of 128 participants (9.4% females and 90.6% males), aged 15 to 51 (mean= 23.65; standard deviation = 7.92), users of cannabis, cocaine base paste, cocaine, inhalants and alcohol who attended the program. Data collection was carried out using Attention Forms (FdA); the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA); the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (CST); and the Cases Follow-up Survey (ESC). In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the Lugar de Esc... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557225 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557224&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18581645%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 18581645 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557224 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:59:44 +0100 1557224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557278&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17687877%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sanchis C, Aragón CM Although ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is the most widely consumed drug in the Western society, ethanol mechanisms of action in the Central Nervous System (CNS) remain unknown. In consequence, the development of pharmacological strategies to treat excessive alcohol consumption and alcoholism has proven to be difficult. A major difficulty in those attempts arises from the molecular properties of ethanol, which do not allow a sterocomplementary binding to any known receptor. Therefore, over the last years, it has been proposed that a large number of effects observed alter ethanol administration/consumption might be actually mediated by its first metabolite, namely acetaldehyde, produced inside the CNS via catalase activity. Nowadays, a large number of evidenc... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557278 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557277&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17687878%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumpfer KL, Johnson JL The scientific literature consistently reports that while children of substance abusers may be at biological, psychological, or environmental risk, the effects of these risks can be abbreviated through the use of effective interventions and treatments. Research has consistently demonstrated reductions in family and child dysfunction when effective family intervention programs are consistently utilized. While a number of effective family-based approaches have been developed and evaluated, only a few have been designed specifically for children of substance abusing parents. Just two have been tested in randomized control trials -The Streghtening Families Program and Focus on the Family. The Streghtening Families Program has demonstrated statistically signi... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557277 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557276&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17687879%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mendes FJ PMID: 17687879 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557276 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557275&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17687880%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saiz Galdós J Cocaine consumption in Spain continues to rise and is reaching an alarming level. This is a descriptive and correlational study in which a transcultural analysis is made with a sample of 62 different countries. The aim of this study is to compare the influence of macrosocial, cultural and economic variables on the behaviour of cocaine abuse. Thus, the importance of the cocaine traffic and supply is shown in relation to the abuse of the same, but recognition and emphasis is given to the presence of other explanatory factors characteristic of societies in which cocaine is abused and demanded. These factors are: predominance of cultural values of self-expression, high index of subjective wellbeing and a high GNP per capita. Finally, the relevance of social fact... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557275 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557274&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17687881%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is no gender equality in the area of substance abuse, particularly when considering the top researchers. It is essential to make in-depth studies that evaluate scientific output, broken down by gender, in order to adopt the necessary corrective measures to eliminate the disparity between men and women. PMID: 17687881 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557274 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557273&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17687882%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Secades-Villa R, García-Rodríguez O, Alvarez Rodríguez H, Río Rodríguez A, Fernández-Hermida JR, Luis Carballo J Cocaine use is an increasingly serious problem in Spain. The absence of effective drugs for the treatment of cocaine addiction and of empirically validated therapy programmes makes it necessary to resort to programmes that have shown their effectiveness in other countries. The aim of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of one of the programmes that has obtained the best results in the United States: the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) Plus Vouchers for the treatment of cocaine addiction. We assessed treatment retention and dropout rates and cocaine use during the first three months of intervention.The sample was ma... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557273 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557272&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17687883%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The SF-12 reproduced SF-36 summary scores without substantial loss of information when used on patients undergoing methadone treatment. The SF-12 appears to be an efficient alternative to the SF-36 for the assessment of health-related quality of life of patients with addictive disorders and their treatment. PMID: 17687883 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557272 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557271&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17687884%26dopt%3DAbstract We present in this work a descriptive study of series of cases in treatment for nicotine addiction with a multicomponent program focusing on a systemic-relational therapy. While a good number of smokers are able to stop smoking, with the help of different programs with different levels of complexity depending on their level of addiction, there is a group of smokers who associate their difficulty to stop smoking with aspects related to their life cycle situation, problems with their family of origin or with their social network. We revised the most relevant clinical aspects of the model and presented the results of a descriptive study of a series of 128 patients, of wich 60.50% expressed family and/or personal problems that made the possibilities of success in the program more difficult. Af... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557271 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557270&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17687885%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Becoña E In the last few years, resilience, or the successful adaptation achieved by an individual despite very adverse or traumatic situations during their childhood, has become a concept of great importance both in the field of mental health and in drug abuse. Understanding how these individuals attain a level of normal functioning without developing personal or psychopathological problems in their adolescence or adulthood is of great relevance in not only the prevention but also the treatment of several disorders. In this paper we revised the studies that have analysed the relationship between resilience and drug consumption (tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs). The studies, both longitudinal and transversal, indicate that a number of individuals can be resilient (can... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557270 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557269&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17691413%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hansen WB, Dusenbury L The experience in the United States regarding drug abuse prevention has involved three entities: scientific researchers, practitioners who work with youth, and policy makers. To the degree that each of these entities play complimentary roles, society benefits. In the past, these three entities have not collaborated or taken advantage of the strengths that each has to offer. Future goals should place an emphasis on scientific researchers contributing to the development and rigorous testing of programmatic approaches. Practitioners not only need to adopt effective programs and implement with fidelity, but also need to provide scientists opportunities to collaborate in order to make programs work for specific settings and populations. Finally, policy makers... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557269 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557268&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17691414%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: It suggests the need to make an in depth study of weekend recreational habits and add them to the objectives of the prevention of drug use and misuse. PMID: 17691414 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557268 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557267&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17691415%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The results of this observational study suggest that venlafaxine extended release could be effective as a coadyuvant in the treatment of alcohol dependent patients in alcohol detoxification therapy. Nevertheless, this should be confirmed with bigger placebo-controlled samples. PMID: 17691415 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557267 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557266&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17691416%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chicharro Romero J, Pedrero Pérez EJ, Pérez López M Perceived self-efficacy in being able to resist taking drugs when faced with situations of stress or social pressure was studied using the Drug Taking Confidence Questionnaire (DTCQ; Annis and Martin, 1985). In general, stronger self-efficacy is associated with the achievement of therapeutic objectives. We studied the predictive capacity of this questionnaire, administered at the beginning of treatment to a sample of substance-addicts in respect of compliance with objectives. We made a psychometric study of the instrument and its relationship with personality variables assessed with MCMI-II and VIP Data suggest that: (1) 50 DTCQ items can be reduced to 8 and even to 3 in order to achieve the same results, (2) s... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557266 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557265&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17691417%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this article is to analyse the opinions of adolescents and young people, from gypsy and non-gypsy populations, on the relationship between recreational drug use and sexual practices that increase the risk of HIV infection. A descriptive qualitative research was undertaken. 14 focus groups were conducted with 98 adolescents and young people, and 7 semi-structured interviews with young recreational drug users. Both sort of results were triangulated. Two major discursive lines emerge in the analysis. The first one defends the notion that moderate consumption of alcohol facilitates the sexual encounter, but it does not imply risky behaviours. However, polydrug use or an elevated use of recreational drugs is related to a lack of concern for sexual risks, and in men with the los... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557265 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557264&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17691418%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: gender differences in barriers that delay access to treatment do exist. It is necessary to build gender-adapted intervention guidelines to be used in Primary Care and Mental Health services to reduce the accessibility barriers to treatment. PMID: 17691418 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Adicciones) Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557264 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1557263&cid=s_37210_2_f&fid=37210&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17691419%26dopt%3DAbstract [Substance use and risk perception: comparative study of adolescents in Bogotá and Barcelona] Adicciones. 2007;19(2):179-89 Authors: Trujillo AM, Forns i Santacana M, Pérez Gómez A The purpose of this article is to determine the differences and similarities between adolescents from Barcelona and Bogotá in their psychoactive substance use habits, their perception of the activities that involve this use and how their risk perception can influence these habits. The sample consists of 865 school students from both cities, with ages between 15 and 18 years. Risk perception was assessed using the risk variables studied by Benthin, Slovic and Severson (1993). Substance use habits were assessed on the basis of the answers given by the youngsters to questions on the ... Adicciones journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1557263 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1557263