MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Advances in Anatomic Pathology' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 00:42:07 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5669165&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2012%2F03000%2FStudy_of_Amended_Reports_to_Evaluate_and_Improve.8.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5669165 Thu, 09 Feb 2012 05:19:45 +0100 5669165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5527640&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2012%2F01000%2FWaldenstr_m_Macroglobulinemia___A_Review_of_the.2.aspx The definition of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), originally described in 1944, has been refined substantially over time. The current fourth edition of the World Health Organization of lymphoid neoplasms, in large part, adopted criteria proposed for WM at a consensus conference in 2002. WM is defined as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma involving the bone marrow associated with a serum immunoglobulin (Ig) M paraprotein of any concentration. Morphologically, WM is composed of a variable mixture of lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Immunophenotypically, the neoplastic cells express monotypic IgM and light chain: B lymphocytes express pan-B-cell antigens and surface Ig are usually negative for CD5 and CD10; and plasma cells are typically positive for CD138, CD38, CD45, cy... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5527640 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 17:42:29 +0100 5527640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5516646&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2012%2F01000%2FPediatric_Fibroblastic_and_Myofibroblastic_Lesions.5.aspx Fibrous lesions of infancy and childhood are a heterogeneous group of entities composed predominantly of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, ranging from reactive lesions to neoplasms with a range of malignant potential. Although rare, their correct recognition by histopathology is important clinically as they exhibit a wide range of behaviors and may be associated with distinct underlying syndromes. Contributions from molecular diagnostics have enabled more accurate diagnosis, and have changed our concepts of some tumor types. In this review, we discuss the clinicopathologic spectrum of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic lesions of childhood and adolescence. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5516646 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 17:29:24 +0100 5516646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507276&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2012%2F01000%2FLymphocytic_Colitis_and_Collagenous_Colitis___A.3.aspx Lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC), 2 histologic forms of microscopic colitis, were recognized as rare disease entities 4 decades ago. An increasing body of evidence accumulated in the past 40 years reveals increasing incidence and prevalence rates, a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, and several histologic variants. Although several recent randomized clinical trials confirmed the efficacy of oral budesonide in treating LC and CC, disease relapse after a short-duration treatment is common. Despite their common clinical presentations and well-defined histologic diagnostic criteria, there are only few studies on the immunologic abnormalities in colonic tissue. The aim of this review is to (1) familiarize the pathologists in general practice with histomorphology of L... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507276 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 17:50:17 +0100 5507276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507275&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2012%2F01000%2FEvidence_Based_Pathology_and_Laboratory_Medicine.7.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507275 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 17:50:17 +0100 5507275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507274&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2012%2F01000%2FMolecular_Classification_of_Estrogen.4.aspx Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer is the most prevalent subtype of invasive breast cancers. Patients with ER-positive breast cancers have variable clinical outcomes and responses to endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. With the advent of microarray-based gene expression profiling, unsupervised analysis methods have resulted in a classification of ER-positive disease into subtypes with different outcomes (ie, luminal A and luminal B); subsequent studies have demonstrated that these subtypes have different patterns of genetic aberrations and outcome. Studies based on supervised methods of microarray analysis have led to the development of prognostic gene signatures that identify a subgroup of ER-positive breast cancer patients with excellent outcome, who could forego chemotherapy.... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507274 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 17:50:17 +0100 5507274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507273&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2012%2F01000%2FNapsin_A_Expression_in_Lung_and_Kidney_Neoplasia__.6.aspx Napsin A is an aspartic protease present in the epithelial cells of the lung and kidney. Recent studies have shown that, in lung tumors, napsin A expression is restricted to lung adenocarcinomas, whereas among renal tumors, it is frequently expressed in renal cell carcinomas, especially the papillary and clear cell subtypes. Owing to its restricted expression, napsin A is a useful marker that can assist in the diagnosis of both lung adenocarcinomas and renal cell carcinomas. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507273 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 17:50:17 +0100 5507273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507272&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2012%2F01000%2FStrategies_for_Distinguishing_Low_grade.1.aspx Distinction between endometrioid and serous carcinomas of the endometrium has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. Misdiagnosing a serous carcinoma as endometrioid can have significant consequences for the patient and pathologist. Although many cases are straightforward and easy to classify, there are occasional problematic cases. This review focuses on strategies that help differentiate between low-grade endometrioid carcinoma and serous carcinoma of the endometrium. We will discuss clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical differences between the 2 entities and provide practical tips for practicing pathologists when confronted with this differential diagnosis. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507272 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 17:50:17 +0100 5507272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325895&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F11000%2FBiopsy_Interpretation_of_Soft_Tissue_Tumors.8.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325895 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 03:38:31 +0100 5325895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317327&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F11000%2FVirus_associated_Trichodysplasia_Spinulosa.4.aspx This review discusses the evolution of an emerging dermatologic entity, virus-associated trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS), and its association with the novel human TS polyomavirus. We will describe how this distinct dermatologic diagnosis has arisen from the convergence of strikingly similar histopathologic findings observed across several case reports. The case of virus-associated TS exemplifies how a combination of astute clinicopathologic observation and a well-designed molecular genetic approach can provide insights into the pathogenesis of cutaneous disease. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317327 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 19:38:22 +0100 5317327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317326&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F11000%2FDiagnosis_of_Well_differentiated_Hepatocellular.2.aspx There is considerable overlap in morphologic features in well-differentiated hepatocellular lesions necessitating the use of immunohistochemistry and other techniques for diagnosis. Map-like pattern with glutamine synthetase in focal nodular hyperplasia and cytoplasmic staining with serum amyloid associated protein in inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma (HA) are useful for this distinction. The distinction of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and HA in noncirrhotic liver is facilitated by demonstrating glypican-3 and cytogenetic changes like gains of chromosomes 1 and 8. Nuclear staining with β-catenin and/or diffuse staining with glutamine synthetase strongly favors well-differentiated HCC or HA with high risk for HCC. In a cirrhotic liver, separation of early HCC from h... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317326 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 19:38:22 +0100 5317326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317325&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F11000%2FWT1_Expression_in_the_Female_Genital_Tract.5.aspx The Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) has been reported in normal tissues and many neoplasms of the female genital tract. This review discusses WT1 expression in the female genital tract and its potential utility in the differential diagnosis of neoplasms that occur at this location. WT1 is of value in the differential diagnosis of synchronous serous carcinomas arising in the ovary/fallopian tube/peritoneum and endometrium, as strong WT1 positivity in both tumors points toward an extrauterine origin. In addition, WT1 can be used to distinguish sex cord stromal tumors (WT1 positive) from endometrioid carcinomas (OECs). WT1 expression is not helpful in the differential diagnosis of ovarian serous carcinomas (OSCs) and transitional carcinomas, as both are typically positive and has limited value in th... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317325 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 19:38:22 +0100 5317325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317324&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F11000%2FApproach_to_the_Intraoperative_Consultation_for.3.aspx Intraoperative consultation remains an invaluable tool in the initial evaluation of surgically excised specimens. Good communication is required between the pathologist and surgeon to obtain the best care for their mutual patient. Intraoperative consultation (frozen section, FS) provides a preliminary diagnosis for the surgeon and aids in guiding his/her subsequent surgical approach. For the pathologist, it serves to assess tissue adequacy in the context of the clinical and imaging features of the patient. FS can guarantee that the surgeon is in the desired anatomic location, but most often serves to ensure that adequate amounts of abnormal, and likely diagnostic, tissue will be available to the pathologist to render a final diagnosis on permanent sections. The preliminary evaluation of ti... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317324 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 19:38:22 +0100 5317324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317323&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F11000%2FEndometrial_Carcinomas___A_Review_Emphasizing.1.aspx This review focuses on the most common diagnostic pitfalls and helpful morphologic and immunohistochemical markers in the differential diagnosis between the different subtypes of endometrial carcinomas, including: (1) endometrioid versus serous glandular carcinoma, (2) papillary endometrioid (not otherwise specified, villoglandular and nonvillous variants) versus serous carcinoma, (3) endometrioid carcinoma with spindle cells, hyalinization, and heterologous components versus malignant mixed müllerian tumor, (4) high-grade endometrioid versus serous carcinoma, (5) high-grade endometrioid carcinoma versus dedifferentiated or undifferentiated carcinoma, (6) endometrioid carcinoma with clear cells versus clear cell carcinoma, (7) clear cell versus serous carcinoma, (8) undifferentiated versu... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317323 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 19:38:22 +0100 5317323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317322&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F11000%2FBiopsy_Interpretation_of_Soft_Tissue.8.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317322 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 19:38:22 +0100 5317322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317321&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F11000%2FRosai_and_Ackerman_Surgical_Pathology_Overview.7.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317321 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 19:38:22 +0100 5317321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317320&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F11000%2FLegal_Issues_for_Pathologists.6.aspx For better or for worse, the practice of pathology has evolved rapidly in the last decade, particularly the last several years. The dominance of certain national and regional pathology providers and the in-sourcing of pathology services as a revenue stream by nonpathology specialists have transformed pathology services into a commodity in many market, rather than a professional medical service. Despite significant health care reform and a myriad of compliance laws and regulations, it is unlikely that pathology practice will return to “the good old days.” As a result, it is important for pathologists to become familiar with the trends in their specialty and have familiarity with the legal issues presented by these trends. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317320 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 19:38:21 +0100 5317320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5134203&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F09000%2FHistopathologic_Diagnosis_of_Eosinophilic.1.aspx Eosinophils, a constitutive component of the columnar-lined gastrointestinal tract, play an essential role in allergic responses and parasitic infections. The tissue density of these cells also increases in a variety of conditions of uncertain etiology. With the exception of the esophageal squamous epithelium, in which no eosinophils are normally present, the population of normal eosinophils in the remainder of the luminal gut is poorly defined. Therefore, histopathologists must rely on their subjective judgment to determine when a diagnosis of eosinophilic gastritis, enteritis, or colitis should be rendered. Eosinophilic esophagitis is currently the best defined and most studied eosinophilic condition of the digestive tract; therefore, the confidence in accurate diagnosis is increasing. I... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5134203 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 06:05:37 +0100 5134203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5134202&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F09000%2FStudy_of_Amended_Reports_to_Evaluate_and_Improve.5.aspx Discussion: Monitored by the consistent taxonomy, rates of amended reports first rose, then fell. Examining specific defect categories provided information for evaluating specific LEAN interventions. Tracking the downward trend of amendment rates seemed to document the overall success of surgical pathology quality improvement efforts. Process improvements modestly decreased fractions of misidentifications and markedly decreased misinterpretation fractions. Classification integrity requires real time, independent editing of both amendments (changed reports) and addenda (addition to reports). (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5134202 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 06:05:36 +0100 5134202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5134201&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F09000%2FRecurrent_Hepatitis_C_and_Acute_Allograft.4.aspx Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is the leading etiology for liver transplantation in the United States. Recurrent hepatitis C occurs nearly universally in these patients and represents a serious posttransplantation complication. Despite the detailed characterization of the histologic features of both recurrent hepatitis C and acute cellular rejection (ACR) over the last decades, the pathologic distinction between these 2 conditions remains one of the greatest diagnostic challenges in liver pathology. An accurate diagnosis, nevertheless, plays an essential role in patient management, as different therapeutic strategies are used for these conditions. In this review, the clinicopathologic features of posttransplantation recurrent hepatitis C and ACR are discussed, with emphasis on disting... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5134201 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 06:05:36 +0100 5134201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5134200&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F09000%2FSolitary_Fibrous_Tumor_of_the_Central_Nervous.3.aspx We reviewed the world literature on solitary fibrous tumors of the central nervous system from August 1996 to July 2011, focusing on both clinicopathological features and diagnostic findings. The anatomical distribution of the 220 cases reported so far reveals that most are intracranial and just over one-fifth are intraspinal. In decreasing frequency, intracranial tumors involve the supratentorial and infratentorial compartments, the pontocerebellar angle, the sellar and parasellar regions, and the cranial nerves. Intraspinal tumors are mainly located in the thoracic and cervical segments. Although most solitary fibrous tumors of the central nervous system are dural based, a small subset presents as subpial, intraparenchymal, intraventricular, or as tumors involving the nerve rootlets with... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5134200 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 06:05:35 +0100 5134200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5134199&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F09000%2FDetached_Respiratory_Cilia___An_Organism_Mimicker.6.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5134199 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 06:05:35 +0100 5134199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5134198&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F09000%2FEpstein_Barr_Virus_positive_Diffuse_Large_B_cell.2.aspx Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the elderly has been included in the 2008 WHO classification as a new provisional entity and is defined as blastic, clonal B-cell proliferation associated with EBV occurring in patients over 50 years of age, presumably due to senescence of the immune system. Secondary immunodeficiencies must be excluded. Morphologically, the predominant polymorphic subtype shows a mixed proliferation of large transformed cells, plasma cells, plasmablasts, lymphocytes, and commonly Reed-Sternberg (RS)-like cells, whereas the monomorphic subtype reveals sheets of large cells. An additional characteristic feature is large areas of “geographical” necrosis. EBV+ DLBCL of the elderly is positive for pan-B cell markers and often for CD... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5134198 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 06:05:35 +0100 5134198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4925546&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F07000%2FEarly_Gastric_Neoplasia___Diagnosis_and.2.aspx Early gastric neoplasia, which includes dysplasia and adenocarcinoma invading no more than the submucosa have been the subject of numerous studies in recent years. For example, different dysplastic phenotypes have been identified, in addition to the traditional adenomatous type, foveolar, pyloric, and tubule-neck dysplasia (associated with diffuse type carcinoma) have been recognized. Each subtype of dysplasia shows a different immunohistochemical profile, and may vary in their risk of progression to adenocarcinoma. With regard to early gastric cancer the emergence of better diagnostic techniques allowed the development of endoscopic techniques such as endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal resection that nowadays allow optimal nonsurgical management. The purpose of this re... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4925546 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 14:47:43 +0100 4925546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916091&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F07000%2FPrimary_Hepatolithiasis%2C_Recurrent_Pyogenic.7.aspx Primary hepatolithiasis (HL), recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, and oriental cholangiohepatitis are terms commonly used in Japan, Hong Kong, and Korea respectively, and describing the different aspects of the same disease, with “HL” indicating the pathologic changes, “recurrent pyogenic cholangitis” emphasizing the clinical presentation and suppurative inflammation, and “oriental cholangiohepatitis” highlighting its ethnic preference and mysterious nature. HL is predominantly a disease of the far east and shows great regional differences in the incidence and the type of intrahepatic stones. Pathologically, it is characterized by pigmented calcium bilirubinate stones within dilated intrahepatic bile ducts featuring chronic inflammation, mural fibrosis, and proliferation of peribil... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916091 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 21:13:54 +0100 4916091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916090&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F07000%2FInternational_Society_of_Urological_Pathology.5.aspx The 2009 International Society of Urological Pathology consensus conference on handling and staging of radical prostatectomy specimens issued recommendations for standardization of pathology reporting of radical prostatectomy specimens. The conference addressed specimen handling, T2 substaging, prostate cancer volume, extraprostatic extension, lymphovascular invasion, seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node metastases, and surgical margins. This review summarizes the conclusions and recommendations resulting from the consensus process. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916090 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 21:13:54 +0100 4916090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916089&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F07000%2FIron_in_the_Liver___A_Review_for_Surgical.6.aspx There has been a large increase in data on the genetic causes of iron accumulation. In addition, there is a growing body of literature on the significance of iron in liver biopsy specimens obtained for staging and grading chronic liver disease. In this review, the current literature is discussed with a focus on aspects that are most relevant to the practice of surgical pathology. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916089 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 21:13:54 +0100 4916089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916088&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F07000%2FTreatment_Effects_in_the_Prostate_Including_Those.3.aspx Classic treatment options for prostate cancer consist of radical prostatectomy, antiandrogen (or hormonal) therapy, and radiation therapy. Hormonal and radiation therapy, in particular, have well known, often profound effects on the histologic appearance of benign prostate tissue and prostatic carcinoma. The tissue changes induced by these treatments have been comprehensively described in several sources. Novel therapies ranging from focal ablative treatments to highly targeted molecular therapies are beginning to emerge and pathologists will play a central role in documenting the effects of these treatments on normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is therefore important that pathologists have access to basic treatment information and a solid working knowledge of the morphologic changes... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916088 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 21:13:53 +0100 4916088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916087&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F07000%2FModern_Classification_of_Breast_Cancer___Should_we.1.aspx Breast cancer represents a heterogeneous group of tumors with varied morphologic and biological features, behavior, and response to therapy. The present routine clinical management of breast cancer relies on the availability of robust prognostic and predictive factors to support decision making. Breast cancer patients are stratified into risk groups based on a combination of classical time-dependent prognostic variables (staging) and biological prognostic and predictive variables. Staging variables include tumor size, lymph node stage, and extent of tumor spread. Classical biological variables include morphologic variables such as tumor grade and molecular markers such as hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. Although individual molecular markers were introd... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916087 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 21:13:53 +0100 4916087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916086&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F07000%2FSelected_Case_From_the_Arkadi_M__Rywlin.8.aspx A high-grade angiosarcoma with epithelioid features located in the buttock of an 87-year-old woman arose in an area of old, palpable fat necrosis at the site of several subcutaneous injections administered 20 years previously. The nature of the injected material is unknown, but is presumed to have been an iron compound. Two weeks before surgery, the buttock lesion started to enlarge and was excised. It consisted of 3 contiguous nodules of old, calcified fat necrosis associated with plentiful hemosiderin. One of the nodules was largely replaced by an angiosarcoma, which was invading the edges of the other 2 nodules. The patient died from wound sepsis 41 days postoperatively, with no clinically apparent metastases. Vaccination injection-site sarcomas are well known to occur in cats, whereas ... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916086 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 21:13:52 +0100 4916086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916085&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F07000%2FUpdate_on_Fatty_Liver_Disease_and_Steatohepatitis.4.aspx Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a broad term that includes liver diseases characterized by abnormal hepatocellular accumulations of lipid that cannot be related to alcohol abuse. It may be found in both adults and children, particularly those who are obese or have insulin resistance. Steatohepatitis is a specific pattern of injury within the spectrum of NAFLD and this pattern is associated with fibrotic progression and cirrhosis. In addition to steatohepatitis, a distinct form of fibrotic fatty liver disease exists in children. There have been a number of recent advances in the characterization of histologic changes in NAFLD. In light of these recent reports, this study will: (1) review the histologic features of steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in adults; (2) review... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916085 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 21:13:52 +0100 4916085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916084&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F07000%2FAdvances_in_Surgical_Pathology___Lung_Cancer.9.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916084 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 21:13:52 +0100 4916084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4791682&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F05000%2FMYC_and_Aggressive_B_cell_Lymphomas.5.aspx Rearrangement of the proto-oncogene MYC leads to MYC protein deregulation and is an important driver of oncogenic transformation. MYC rearrangement is a recurring genetic abnormality in several aggressive B-cell lymphomas including: Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma; rare de novo acute lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, transformed follicular lymphoma, and plasmablastic lymphoma. Important distinctions in the role of MYC in these tumors likely reflect whether it is a primary or secondary genetic event. The presence of a MYC rearrangement in these diseases has diagnostic and prognostic implications and it is important for the practicing anatomic pathologist to b... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4791682 Sun, 01 May 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4791682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4791681&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F05000%2FTherapy_associated_Lymphoid_Proliferations.3.aspx Therapy-related lymphoid proliferations are well described in the setting of iatrogenic immunosuppress ion after transplantation. More recently, however, they have also been observed in patients being treated for a number of other conditions. This brief review will focus on 2 such scenarios, each with quite divergent pathogeneses and consequences. In therapy-related acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the typical setting is prior chemotherapy (typically topoisomerase II inhibitors) for an unrelated neoplasm, in which direct cytotoxic DNA damage is likely to be the primary cause. By contrast, those arising in the setting of autoimmune diseases are more heterogeneous, not always overtly neoplastic and mechanistically complex. This heterogeneity and complexity is based upon, among others, the natur... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4791681 Sun, 01 May 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4791681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4750056&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F05000%2FNevus_Versus_Melanoma___to_FISH%2C_or_Not_to_FISH.6.aspx Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) has arisen as a novel ancillary test for the pathological diagnosis of melanoma. It is an outgrowth of studies using comparative genomic hybridization, a technique capable of surveying the entire genome for DNA copy number changes. An original report published in 2009 showed high sensitivity (87%) and specificity (95%) for diagnosing melanoma, using a combination of 4 FISH probes that target 6p25 (RREB1), 6q23 (MYB), 11q13 (CCND1), and chromosome 6 centromere. Since then, a number of studies have been published, supporting the high accuracy of FISH for diagnosing melanoma. In addition, various clinicopathological settings where FISH may be particularly useful are explored. FISH tests for melanoma are now commercially available. Meanwhile, questions... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4750056 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 18:36:05 +0100 4750056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4750055&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F05000%2FReview_of_Kradin.8.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4750055 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 18:36:04 +0100 4750055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4728026&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F05000%2FEndocrine_Tumors_as_Part_of_Inherited_Tumor.4.aspx The endocrine system is an embryological diverse system consisted of a variety of glands, such as pituitary, parathyroid, thyroid, adrenal, endocrine pancreas, and the diffuse neuroendocrine system. Endocrine tumor can be presented as a sporadic event, or as part of an inherited tumor syndrome. During the past century, inherited tumor syndromes have emerged as an important group of diseases. With the growing knowledge of each inherited tumor syndrome in the molecular genetic level, many changes in clinical management have occurred. This review focuses on the endocrine tumors involving the pituitary, parathyroid, thyroid, adrenal, and endocrine pancreas, in the setting of inherited tumor syndromes. We discuss the specific clinical, molecular genetic, and pathologic features of endocrine tum... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4728026 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 06:00:51 +0100 4728026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4720871&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F05000%2FMalignant_Biphasic_Tumors_of_the_Lungs.1.aspx Malignant biphasic tumors of the lungs are rare primary tumors of the bronchopulmonary system. These tumors are composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal elements and together comprise (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4720871 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 04:46:37 +0100 4720871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4716621&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F05000%2FBorderline_Breast_Lesions___Diagnostic_Challenges.2.aspx Breast cancer remains a global public health problem and is currently the most polarized cancer in the world. Attention to this disease, public awareness, and advances in breast imaging have made a positive impact on breast cancer screening and detection. The growing use of image-detected biopsies has led to increased diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ and high-risk proliferative breast lesions. This progress, however, has created a challenge for pathologists. In lieu of the fact that these entities are difficult to diagnose even in tissue sections taken from surgically excised lesions, pathologist are now expected to diagnose them in small and often fragmented tissue/cellular samples obtained from image-guided biopsies. In addition, some proliferative lesions are associated with an inc... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4716621 Fri, 15 Apr 2011 22:58:25 +0100 4716621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4716620&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F05000%2FPrimary_Malignant_Melanoma_of_the_Esophagus__A.7.aspx We present an additional case of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus of the amelanotic variant in a 69-year-old man. The patient was preoperatively investigated by esophageal endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound. The surgically resected tumor specimen was examined histologically and supplemented by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis. Intra-abdominal relapse occurred after 8 months at the site of surgery, necessitating repeat resection. The patient died of advanced intra-abdominal disease 14 months after the primary diagnosis. A comprehensive computerized (PubMed/Medline) review of the world literature was also carried out and 99 additional cases (after the review by Volpin et al) were found, 9 of them from the 1990s which escaped previous tabulations, and 90 from the y... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4716620 Fri, 15 Apr 2011 22:58:24 +0100 4716620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4711453&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F05000%2FThe_Medical_Mystery_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte___An.9.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4711453 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 23:26:06 +0100 4711453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4711454&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F03000%2FMetabolic_Syndrome_and_the_Non_neoplastic_Kidney.7.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4711454 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4711454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4711452&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F03000%2FIn_Reply.8.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4711452 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4711452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4572253&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F03000%2FSpontaneous_Complete_Regression_in_Merkel_Cell.9.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4572253 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4572253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4550629&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F03000%2FDifferential_Diagnosis_of_Renal_Tumors_With.2.aspx Papillary renal cell carcinoma is the second most common malignant renal epithelial tumor and constitutes approximately 15% of renal cell tumors. However, papillary architecture is neither unique to papillary renal cell carcinoma, nor do all papillary renal cell carcinomas show exclusive papillary histology. Many of the nonpapillary renal cell carcinomas with papillary architecture have been recognized only recently. Distinction of these from papillary renal cell carcinoma is essential, as biologic behavior and potential therapeutic options are distinct in many such tumors. Close attention to the cytologic and growth pattern characteristics will allow us to arrive at the proper diagnosis in most cases, although sometimes immunohistochemistry and rarely genetic evaluation may be needed. (So... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4550629 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4550629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4503938&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F03000%2FProstate_Cancer_Staging_and_Grading_at_Radical.5.aspx Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has been associated with a sharp increase in prostate cancer (PCA) detection after its introduction in the late 1980s. Since its launch and its implementation as diagnostic test in 1994, temporal patterns in patients' age and serum PSA level at presentation have changed, with younger patients being diagnosed at lower PSA cutoff levels. Many studies suggest that PSA screening has resulted in a profound downward migration in clinical and pathologic stage of newly diagnosed PCA, although the effect has slowed in the most recent years. The impact on tumor grading is less clear. Histologic grading of PCA, based on the Gleason system, is predictive of the biological behavior and prognosis of the tumor. If tumor progresses from low grade to high grade, the ... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4503938 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 20:18:28 +0100 4503938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4485818&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F03000%2FDermatopathology.11.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4485818 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 20:29:53 +0100 4485818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4485817&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F03000%2FDiagnostic_Approach_and_Prognostic_Factors_of.6.aspx When one follows a systematic approach to make a diagnosis of a malignant lesion, it is relatively easy to render a correct cancer diagnosis in most cases during routine daily practice. The first step is to recognize whether or not the specimen contains a lesion and then to determine whether the lesion is neoplastic or non-neoplastic. As a neoplasm is a clonal proliferation, neoplastic conditions are consisted of a single cell type, whereas non-neoplastic conditions consist of multiple different cell types. After determining that a lesion is neoplastic, the next step is to decide whether the neoplasm is of an epithelial origin or mesenchymal origin. The main differences between epithelial tumors and mesenchymal tumors include: (1) The tumor cells in epithelial tumors are oval-round to poly... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4485817 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 20:29:53 +0100 4485817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4485816&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F03000%2FThe_Medical_Mystery_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte__An.4.aspx Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 to 1821) is one of the most studied historical figures in European history. Not surprisingly, amongst the many mysteries still surrounding his person is the cause of his death, and particularly the suspicion that he was poisoned, continue to intrigue medical historians. After the defeat of the Napoleonic Army at the battle of Waterloo in 1815, Napoleon was exiled to the small island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, where he died 6 years later. Although his personal physician, Dr François Carlo Antommarchi, stated in his autopsy report that stomach cancer was the cause of death, this diagnosis was challenged in 1961 by the finding of an elevated arsenic concentration in one of Napoleon's hair samples. At that time it was suggested that Napoleon had been poiso... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4485816 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 20:29:53 +0100 4485816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4485815&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F03000%2FAcral_Soft_Tissue_Tumors___A_Review.1.aspx Acral soft tissue tumors may present significant diagnostic challenges both for the pathologist and the clinician. This review discusses the most common benign and malignant entities that characteristically present in an acral location. Clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features are discussed along with prognosis and differential diagnosis. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4485815 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 20:29:53 +0100 4485815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4485814&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F03000%2FPractical_Immunohistochemistry_in_Hematopathology_.3.aspx This review article offers some useful panels of immunohistochemical stains and discusses their use in determining a hematopathology diagnosis. As a comprehensive review of the vast array of hematolymphoid malignancies is beyond the scope of this study, the suggestions are based on broad morphologic categories such as follicular proliferations, paracortical expansions, diffuse small-cell infiltrates, diffuse large-cell infiltrates, and Hodgkin-like infiltrates. The review article also discusses the most common hematolymphoid malignancies and their immunohistochemical profiles, and how to use immunophenotyping to differentiate them from other entities. Common diagnostic pitfalls and misconceptions about certain antibodies will also be discussed. New antibodies, such as SOX11, will also be e... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4485814 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 20:29:53 +0100 4485814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374425&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F01000%2FUrothelial_Neoplasms_of_the_Urinary_Bladder.7.aspx Bladder urothelial carcinoma is typically a disease of older individuals and rarely occurs below the age of 40 years. There is debate and uncertainty in the literature regarding the clinicopathologic characteristics of bladder urothelial neoplasms in younger patients compared with older patients, although no consistent age criteria have been used to define “younger” age group categories. Use of the World Health Organization 2004/International Society of Urological Pathology 1998 grading nomenclature and recent molecular studies highlight certain unique features of bladder urothelial neoplasms in young patients, particularly in patients below 20 years of age. In this meta-analysis and review, the clinical, pathologic, and molecular features and risk factors of bladder urothelial neoplas... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374425 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4374425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4306710&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F01000%2FHistologic_Grading_and_Prognostic_Biomarkers_in.2.aspx Both the variety and rarity of salivary gland carcinomas pose challenge for using histologic grade and biomarkers to predict outcome. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the histologic subtype for which grading is most prognostically and therapeutically relevant. This tumor is graded using standard schemes in a 3-tier manner with the intermediate-grade category shows the most variability between grading systems and thus the most controversy in management. The t(11;19)(q21; p13) MECT1-MAML2 translocation may be an objective marker that can help to further stratify difficult cases. Adenoid cystic carcinomas are graded based on pattern with solid areas correlating with a worse prognosis. Occasionally, adenoid cystic carcinomas may undergo transformation to highly aggressive pleomorphic high-grade car... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4306710 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4306710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4297666&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F01000%2FSelected_Case_from_the_Arkadi_M__Rywlin.9.aspx Pancreatic lymphoepithelial cysts are more common in men, can occur anywhere in the pancreas, are sharply demarcated from surrounding tissues, and range in size from 1.2 to 17 cm. Patients are usually middle aged, presenting symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, although many tumors are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally on organ imaging or at autopsy. An elevated serum carbohydrate-associated antigen 19-9 may wrongly suggest a mucinous neoplasm. The diagnosis can be made preoperatively with a combination of organ imaging, fine needle aspiration biopsy, or ultrasound-guided Trucut biopsies. Cysts can be unilocular, bilocular, or multilocular, have walls up to 0.6 cm thick which are lined by squamous epithelium, occasional columnar mucinous cells, and sm... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4297666 Thu, 30 Dec 2010 04:42:35 +0100 4297666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4276585&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F01000%2FWeedon_s_Skin_Pathology.10.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4276585 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 21:09:38 +0100 4276585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4273763&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F01000%2FHeterologous_and_Rare_Homologous_Sarcomas_of_the.5.aspx Pure sarcomas of the uterine corpus are uncommon, constituting less than 3% of all malignancies at this site, and most of them are leiomyosarcomas and endometrial stromal sarcomas. Rare histotypes of homologous sarcomas and heterologous sarcomas are occasionally encountered, and the absence of significant accumulated experience with these histotypes at this location may potentially raise diagnostic and patient management difficulties. In this article, the clinicopathologic attributes of all earlier reported sarcomas of the uterine corpus other than leiomyosarcomas and endometrial stromal sarcomas are summarized. Included are embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas), osteosarc... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4273763 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 05:04:40 +0100 4273763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4273762&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F01000%2FLesions_of_Anogenital_Mammary_like_Glands___An.1.aspx Long considered to be ectopic breast tissue representing the caudal remnants of the milk ridges, anogenital mammary-like glands are nowadays thought to represent a normal constituent of the anogenital area. Lesions involving these glands, benign or malignant, epithelial or stromal manifest a striking similarity to their mammary counterparts. This review addresses the recent literature on lesions of anogenital mammary-like glands and our personal experience with various lesions related to these structures. Discussed are the normal anatomy and histology of these glands as well as the clinical presentation, histopathological and immunohistochemical features, molecular biological aspects, and differential diagnosis of various lesions involving anogenital mammary-like glands, including lactatin... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4273762 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 05:04:39 +0100 4273762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4273761&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F01000%2FAre_You_Responsible_for_Medical_Director_Duties_in.6.aspx We describe the evolution in the understanding of the roles of the medical director as defined by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 and separate from the roles of the chair of pathology, department chair, division chair, and a section head in anatomic pathology in our institution. Delineation of the roles of medical director, department chair, chair of anatomic pathology division, and a section head of a subdivision in anatomic pathology has helped us to understand the roles and ensure that all duties are fulfilled for patient care and for compliance and regulation. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4273761 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 05:04:39 +0100 4273761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4273760&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F01000%2FHER2_Testing_in_Gastric_Cancer.4.aspx Molecular therapies targeting HER2 are part of the established drug armamentarium in breast carcinoma. Now the ToGA trial, an international multicenter phase III clinical study, involving 24 countries globally, has shown that the anti-HER2 humanized monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab is effective in prolonging survival in HER2-positive carcinoma of the stomach and the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Similarly to breast carcinoma, >20% of gastric cancers show HER2 overexpression and/or amplification, and this percentage increases to 33% in GEJ tumors. Thus, as in breast carcinoma, pathologists are now asked to evaluate HER2 status in gastric carcinoma samples. As validated in the ToGA trial, the HER2 testing criteria that must be used in evaluating both gastric carcinoma biopsies and surgical... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4273760 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 05:04:39 +0100 4273760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4273759&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2011%2F01000%2FComprehensive_Evaluation_of_Colorectal_Polyps_in.3.aspx Modern evaluation of specimens from biopsies of colorectal polyps has become increasingly complex because of tremendous progress in the understanding of colorectal neoplasia. Although pathologists are generally familiar with the basic handling of carcinoma in the setting of polypectomies or resections, the comprehensive evaluation of specimens from biopsies of colorectal polyps obtained with forceps is far from intuitive and has yet to be reviewed. Comprehensive evaluation requires always addressing several key issues, even when dealing with seemingly routine cases. These issues include taking further action when initial sections lack polyps, accurately quantitating polyps, accurately classifying polyps, determining whether thresholds are met for considering conditions at high risk for car... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4273759 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 05:04:38 +0100 4273759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4180776&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F11000%2FHuman_Papillomavirus_Detection_in_Head_and_Neck.2.aspx Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) are a frequent diagnosis in anatomic pathology practice. Tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption are known risk factors for HNSCC but in other cases human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to carcinogenesis. HPV proteins E6 and E7 promote oncogenesis by blocking the action of p53 and pRB, respectively. An absence of p53 mutations in addition to expression of p16 are part of the distinct molecular profile identified in the subset of HNSCCs because of HPV. Various methods are available for HPV detection but polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization techniques are commonly used. Both methods are amenable for testing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue that is a sample type readily available to the pathologist. HPV is detectabl... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4180776 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4180776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4136854&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F11000%2FRecent_Trends_in_Quality%2C_Patient_Safety%2C_and.6.aspx This article reviews recent trends in nongyn cytology with an emphasis on error reduction, second opinion, and critical diagnosis. Compared with the surgical pathology literature, there is only a limited number of reports addressing these topics in nongyn cytology. Discussion of the error literature in nongyn cytology is presented with the intent to better identify error-prone cytology cases that could prompt intradepartmental consultation or an outside cytology expert's second opinion. The cytology second-opinion literature is also reviewed with the recommendation that interinstitutional second opinions add value to patient care. Last, the recent concept of critical value (critical diagnosis) in cytopathology is presented. All these initiatives promote patient safety, improve quality, dec... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4136854 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4136854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4120986&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F11000%2FThe_Use_of_Immunohistochemistry_in_the_Diagnosis.1.aspx The diagnosis of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma may be difficult in some cases, particularly in the small image-guided biopsies that are becoming more common. As targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma are now standard treatment, the recognition and diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma has become even more critical. Many adjunctive immunohistochemical markers of renal epithelial lineage such as CD10 and RCCma have been proposed as aids in the diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, but low specificities often limit their utility. More recently described markers (PAX-2, PAX-8, human kidney injury molecule-1, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-β, and carbonic anhydrase-IX) offer the potential for greater sensitivity and specificity in this diagnostic setting; however, knowledge ... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4120986 Sun, 31 Oct 2010 14:50:33 +0100 4120986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4112969&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F11000%2FThe_Immortal_Life_of_Henrietta_Lacks.8.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4112969 Fri, 29 Oct 2010 21:00:00 +0100 4112969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4112968&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F11000%2FThyroid_Cancer_of_Follicular_Cell_Origin_in.5.aspx Well-differentiated thyroid cancer accounts for 95% of thyroid malignancies. In contrast to medullary thyroid carcinoma, in which about 25% are familial, only 5% of follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas are a component of a familial cancer syndrome. The familial follicular cell-derived tumors or nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma encompass a heterogeneous group of diseases, and are classified into 2 distinct groups: syndromic-associated tumors, occurring in syndromes in which nonmedullary thyroid carcinomas are the predominant tumor encountered, and nonsyndromic tumors, those occurring in tumor syndromes in which thyroid involvement is a minor component. The first group, syndromic-associated tumors, includes phosphase and tensin ( -hamartoma tumor syndrome/Cowden syndrome, familial adeno... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4112968 Fri, 29 Oct 2010 21:00:00 +0100 4112968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4102643&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F11000%2FPineal_Tumors.4.aspx Pineal tumors are a rare and heterogeneous group of primary central nervous system neoplasms, including pineal parenchymal tumors (pineocytomas, pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation, and pineoblastomas), germ cell tumors, and neuroepithelial tumors, such as astrocytomas, ependymomas, and papillary tumor of the pineal region. Their classification has evolved over time, with several updates incorporated into the most recent World Health Organization classification, published in 2007. This review highlights the most recent classification and grading scheme for pineal parenchymal tumors and discusses the newly recognized papillary tumor of the pineal region, including clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis, and management options. (Source: Advances in Anatomic ... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4102643 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 04:48:16 +0100 4102643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4102642&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F11000%2FSelected_Case_From_The_Arkadi_M__Rywlin.7.aspx Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a systemic, progressive, and fatal condition affecting almost exclusively women in their reproductive years. LAM most often occurs as a sporadic disease, but also occurs in women with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) (syndromic LAM). There are no pathologic differences between sporadic and syndromic LAM. Sporadic LAM is a rare disease with prevalence of approximately 1 to 2 cases per million women in the United States and among populations of white descent, and is even rarer among Asian and African individuals. Syndromic LAM affects 4% to 5% of women with TSC. Sporadic LAM is often found also in association with renal angiomyolipoma, the most common sign of TSC, but LAM associated with angiomyolipoma does not define TSC. Although LAM is not diagnostic for ... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4102642 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 04:48:15 +0100 4102642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4092327&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F11000%2FImmunohistology_Past%2C_Present%2C_and_Future.3.aspx The rapid development of immunohistochemistry, a morphology-based technique, has come about through refinements in detection systems and an increasing range of sensitive and specific antibodies that have allowed application of the technique to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. The introduction of heat-induced antigen retrieval has been a significant milestone to compliment these developments so that the immunohistochemistry is firmly entrenched as an indispensable adjunct to morphologic diagnosis. Although this ancillary stain was initially used in a qualitative manner, problems surrounding the many variables that influence antigen preservation in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were not a major issue and laboratories strived to optimize their staining protocols to the m... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4092327 Sun, 24 Oct 2010 07:15:06 +0100 4092327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3944593&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F09000%2FThe_Basis_and_Rational_Use_of_Molecular_Genetic.3.aspx An increasing number of neoplasms are associated with variably specific genetic abnormalities. This is best exemplified by hematological malignancies, in which there is a growing list of entities that are defined by their genetic lesion(s); this is not (yet) the case in mature B-cell lymphomas. However, enhanced insights into the pathogenesis of this large and diverse group of lymphomas have emerged with the ongoing unraveling of a plethora of fascinating genetic abnormalities. The purpose of this review is to synthesize well-recognized data and nascent discoveries in our understanding of the genetic basis of a spectrum of mature B-cell lymphomas, and how this may be applied to contemporary clinical practice. Despite the explosion of new and exciting knowledge in this arena, with the poten... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3944593 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3944593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3918105&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F09000%2FBiopsy_Interpretation___The_Frozen_Section.7.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3918105 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3918105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3918104&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F09000%2FReview_of_Khurana.6.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3918104 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3918104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3913863&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F09000%2FA_Pathologist_s_Road_Map_to_Benign%2C_Precancerous%2C.1.aspx The fallopian tube has recently emerged as an important site of origin for not only early serous cancer in women with inherited mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 but as a source of many pelvic serous carcinomas. With this increased attention has come the inevitable need to sort out what epithelial abnormalities are clinically important and how they should be reported by the practicing pathologist. This review addresses 4 categories of tubal epithelial change: (1) metaplasias; (2) nonmalignant atypias; (3) potential precursors, including secretory cell outgrowths and p53 signatures; and (4) tubal intraepithelial carcinomas. A modified protocol for sectioning the fallopian tube (SEE-FIM) is discussed and each of the above topics is covered in the context of its differential diagnosis and recommendati... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3913863 Mon, 30 Aug 2010 07:25:01 +0100 3913863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3913862&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F09000%2FDetection_and_Classification_of_Diagnostic.4.aspx Detecting and classifying error in a surgical pathology (SP) practice is an important part of a comprehensive quality assurance program. There are a number of mechanisms to detect error, including secondary review, examination of amended reports, correlation studies (cytology-histology and frozen-final diagnosis correlation). These different detection methods are reviewed in this paper. Additionally, the most common methods for error classification are also reviewed, along with the benefits and limitations of each. Although there is presently no gold standard for detecting or classifying errors in SP, based on this review of the literature, it is clearly good practice to consistently apply a standard method. Most importantly, these data should be incorporated into quality assurance and qua... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3913862 Mon, 30 Aug 2010 07:25:00 +0100 3913862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3905706&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F09000%2FIgG4_related_Sclerosing_Disease__A_Critical.2.aspx An elevated serum titer of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4), the least common (3% to 6%) of the 4 subclasses of IgG, is a surrogate marker for the recently characterized IgG4-related sclerosing disease. The syndrome affects predominantly middle-aged and elderly patients, with male predominance. The patients present with symptoms referable to the involvement of 1 or more sites, usually in the form of mass lesions. The prototype is IgG4-related sclerosing pancreatitis (also known as autoimmune pancreatitis), most commonly presenting as painless obstructive jaundice with or without a pancreatic mass. Other common sites of involvement are the hepatobiliary tract, salivary gland, orbit, and lymph node, but practically any organ-site can be affected, such as retroperitoneum, aorta, mediastinum, soft tis... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3905706 Fri, 27 Aug 2010 07:21:39 +0100 3905706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3901469&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F09000%2FExpression_Profiling_in_Soft_Tissue_Sarcomas_With.5.aspx Sarcomas are defined as malignant neoplasms derived from mesenchymal tissues. A variety of different molecular approaches, including gene expression profiling, have identified candidate biomarkers and insights into sarcoma biology that will aid in the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors. Many gene expression profiling findings have been translated into immunohistochemical tests for diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive purposes. This review details gene expression studies done in 3 sarcomas, synovial sarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and leiomyosarcoma. (C) 2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3901469 Thu, 26 Aug 2010 07:27:00 +0100 3901469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3778806&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F07000%2FUrothelial_Carcinoma_In_Situ_of_the_Urinary.11.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3778806 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3778806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3760044&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F07000%2FMixed_Medullary_follicular_derived_Carcinomas_of.6.aspx Tumors of the thyroid are subclassified based on the cell of origin and commonly include follicular-derived tumors and C-cell-derived tumors. The most common follicular-derived tumors are papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma, whereas the malignant C-cell-derived tumor is medullary thyroid carcinoma. Rare cases in the literature describe patients who have follicular-derived and C-cell-derived tumors in the same thyroid gland. These can be synchronous but anatomically separate carcinomas, or they can show some mixing of the 2 components. The mixture may be at an interface, as in collision tumors, or can be throughout the entire lesion, as in true mixed medullary-follicular-derived carcinomas. The clinical, histologic, and molecular features of these mixed tumors and the classificatio... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3760044 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3760044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3748590&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F07000%2FArtifacts_and_Organism_Mimickers_in_Pathology_.5.aspx Despite the impressive advances in pathology and microbiology of recent years, the morphologic recognition of an organism remains a major component in rendering a specific diagnosis of an infectious process, or at minimum, a trigger in the process of identifying an infectious agent. Artifacts and mimickers may pose difficulty to the unwary, and may cause a potential "wild goose chase" that can result in wasted valuable time and resources. Fibrin, collagen exogenous fibers, and bacteria may mimic fungal hyphae. Morphologically altered or treated bacteria and Russel bodies may be mistaken for fungal yeasts, etc. Examples of artifacts and mimickers that may simulate infectious organisms are presented in this article. In addition, a review of literature on the subject, demonstrating a surprisi... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3748590 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3748590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3741827&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F07000%2FIn_Reply_.12.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3741827 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3741827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3735515&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F07000%2FOsteoclast_rich_Undifferentiated_Carcinoma_of_the.9.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3735515 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3735515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3735513&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F07000%2FReview_of_Gattuso.8.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3735513 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3735513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3725780&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F07000%2FIn_Reply_.10.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3725780 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3725780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3724188&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F07000%2FThe_Non_neoplastic_Kidney_in_Tumor_Nephrectomy.1.aspx Surgical nephrectomy is a procedure that has been performed for nearly 100 years. In the presence of a normal contralateral kidney, such as in a renal transplant donor or child with Wilms tumor, it is a benign procedure without deleterious consequences on the remaining kidney. However, many adults and some children postnephrectomy will develop chronic kidney disease. The non-neoplastic kidney in tumor resections may harbor a large number of developmental and acquired diseases predictive of this outcome or that convey other medically significant information. Examination of the non-neoplastic kidney is a fertile opportunity to identify these unsuspected conditions that may ultimately dictate the subsequent clinical course and influence the medical care provided. This review discusses the con... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3724188 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3724188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3724187&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F07000%2FSmoking_related_Small_Airway_Disease_A_Review_and.4.aspx The term "small airway disease" has been used in reference to abnormalities occurring secondary to cigarette smoking in the context of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the small airways are the major site of obstruction in patients with COPD. The histologic features associated with smoking-related small airway disease are largely nonspecific and overlap with those of other bronchiolitides. The pathogenesis of smoking-related small airway disease is poorly understood; however, insights into the development of airway remodeling and matrix production continue to evolve. The aim of this article will be to review the histologic findings and pathogenesis of smoking-related small airway disease in the context of COPD, and review other small airway disorders affecting cigarette sm... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3724187 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3724187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3712429&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F07000%2FOcular_Adnexal_Lymphomas__A_Review.2.aspx Ocular adnexal lymphomas comprise 1% to 2% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas and about 8% of extranodal lymphomas. They are a heterogeneous group of malignancies, the majority of which are primary extranodal lymphoma with most (up to 80%) of the marginal zone of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue type (MALT lymphoma). This review will encompass the incidence, histology, immunophenotyping, recent advances in molecular and cytogenetics, clinical features including outcome, and prognostic factors. The association with Chlamydia psittaci and the very recently recognized occurrence in the context of IgG4-related sclerosing disease will be discussed. Finally, traditional (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) and newer forms of therapy (immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy) will be reviewed. (C) 2010 ... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3712429 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3712429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3700639&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F07000%2FHead_and_Neck_Pathology%2C_Atlas_for_Histologic_and.7.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3700639 Sun, 27 Jun 2010 06:22:19 +0100 3700639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3697855&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F07000%2FAdenocarcinoma_of_the_Upper_Aerodigestive_Tract.3.aspx Although squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignant diagnosis made with upper aerodigestive tract specimens, a myriad of neoplasms can occur throughout the area. Very uncommonly, one encounters adenocarcinomas that cannot be better classified as salivary gland-type neoplasia. This manuscript reviews these tumors, including sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas, sinonasal low-grade and high-grade nonintestinal adenocarcinomas and nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinomas. Clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features and differential diagnoses are discussed. (C) 2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3697855 Sat, 26 Jun 2010 06:22:49 +0100 3697855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674292&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F05000%2FPancreas_Transplant__Recent_Advances_and_Spectrum.5.aspx As result of improved surgical techniques and newer immunosuppressive regimens contributing significantly to better graft survival, exocrine pancreas transplantation remains the standard treatment of choice for patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by end-stage renal disease. Histologic assessment continues to play an important role in the diagnosis of graft complications after pancreas transplantation, especially for evaluating allograft rejection where histopathology is still considered the gold standard. This review elaborates on the current types of pancreas transplants and focuses on the patterns of allograft injury that are encountered in posttransplantation pancreas biopsies along with the pertinent differential diagnoses. In addition to optimal histologic assessment, as in an... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674292 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3674292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3587901&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F05000%2FAdvances_in_Anatomic_Pathology_Review_Format.9.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3587901 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3587901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3547937&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F05000%2FThe_Utility_of_Discovered_on_Gastrointestinal.8.aspx DOG1 (discovered on GIST 1), known also as TMEM16A and ANO1, has emerged in recent years as a promising biomarker for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). It was originally discovered through microarray expression profiling analysis as gene that is highly expressed in GIST, and subsequent immunohistochemical studies have shown its use in its diagnosis. The results from several series have shown a high overall sensitivity and specificity for DOG1 in the detection of GISTs and about 6% of GISTs overall exhibiting a DOG1+/KIT-immunoprofile. DOG1 antibodies are more sensitive than KIT antibodies in detecting tumors of gastric origin, tumors with epithelioid morphology, and tumors harboring PDGFRA mutation. Furthermore, DOG1 immunoreactivity is rarely observed in other mesenchymal and nonmes... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3547937 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3547937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3547936&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F05000%2FNew_Insights_Into_Merkel_Cell_Carcinoma.1.aspx Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare aggressive cutaneous malignancy of the elderly and immunocompromised populations. The clinical presentation of MCC is nonspecific, with the majority of cases presenting as localized skin involvement. Histologically and immunophenotypically, MCC is defined by both neuroendocrine and epithelial differentiation. Recently, the Merkel cell polyomavirus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MCC. In addition, there have been numerous studies evaluating the histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of MCC as they relate to diagnosis and prognosis. The purpose of this paper is to review the most salient and clinically relevant updates in the pathogenesis and histologic features of MCC. Specific attention is given to the clinical and histologic pre... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3547936 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3547936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3546348&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F05000%2FGlioma_Diagnosis__Immunohistochemistry_and_Beyond.4.aspx Clinicians and pathologists have been inundated by published reports of new and potentially interesting diagnostic, prognostic, and putative predictive "markers" whose expression (or loss) holds great promise for more enlightened diagnoses and ultimately better patient care. Although an understanding of therapeutically (and possibly diagnostically) relevant pathways of glioblastoma may be at hand, significant challenges remain. Many immunohistochemical and genetic tests have proven to be useful in the stratification of clinical trials, whereas the utility of many others for the day-to-day practice of pathology awaits further study and validation. The importance of critical literature review and careful consideration of practical issues such as test standardization, compliance, cost-effecti... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3546348 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3546348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3540650&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F05000%2FEmerging_Concepts_in_Micropapillary_Urothelial.3.aspx Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma is a relatively uncommon variant of urothelial carcinoma, but its recognition carries important prognostic and treatment implications. Micropapillary morphology occurs in neoplasms arising in many different organ systems and displays aggressive biologic behavior regardless of its site of origin. On account of this association, micropapillary features in urothelial carcinoma should be reported regardless of whether the pattern is focal or dominant. The overall prognosis for micropapillary urothelial carcinoma is poor and recent studies suggest that early treatment with cystectomy could improve outcome, as these tumors are unlikely to respond to chemotherapy when used as a secondary treatment modality. This review discusses the histologic features required... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3540650 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3540650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3540649&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F05000%2FThe_Clinical_Relevance_of_Molecular_Genetics_in.2.aspx Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are an infrequent and heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumors including more than a hundred different entities attending to histologic patterns. Research into the molecular aspects of sarcomas has increased greatly in the last few years. This enormous amount of knowledge has allowed, for instance, to refine the classification of sarcomas, improve the diagnosis, and increase the number of therapeutical targets available, most of them under preclinical evaluation. However, other important key issues, such as sarcomagenesis and the cell of origin of sarcomas, remain unresolved. From a molecular point of view, these neoplasias are grouped into 2 main types: (a) sarcomas showing relatively simple karyotypes and translocations, which originate gene fusions (eg, EW... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3540649 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3540649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3528348&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F05000%2FUsing_LEAN_Principles_to_Improve_Quality%2C_Patient.7.aspx Histology and anatomic pathology have historically been slow to accept many of the process changes that have been widely accepted in the clinical laboratory. In this article, we describe the application of the Toyota Production System (LEAN) to histology and anatomic pathology as implemented at the Avera McKennan Hospital laboratory. Avera McKennan is the flagship hospital of the Avera Health System, a faith based, not for profit healthcare system based in South Dakota. Comprised of 235 hospitals, clinics, and physicians, with over 12,000 employees, Avera Health is one of the largest healthcare systems in the region. Beginning in 2004, Avera McKennan's laboratory began its "LEAN journey" and in the intervening years has expanded it throughout all areas of the laboratory. Following the exam... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3528348 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3528348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3523682&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F05000%2FCystic_Renal_Tumors__New_Entities_and_Novel.6.aspx Cystic renal neoplasms and renal epithelial stromal tumors are diagnostically challenging and represent some novel tumor entities. In this article, clinical and pathologic features of established and novel entities are discussed. Predominantly cystic renal tumors include cystic nephroma/mixed epithelial and stromal tumor, synovial sarcoma, and multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. These entities are own tumor entities of the 2004 WHO classification of renal tumors. Tubulocystic carcinoma and acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma are neoplasms with an intrinsically cystic growth pattern. Both tumor types should be included in a future WHO classification as novel entities owing to their characteristic features. Cysts and clear cell renal cell carcinoma frequently coexis... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3523682 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3523682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3485050&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F03000%2FDiagnostic_Atlas_of_Melanocytic_Pathology.7.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3485050 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3485050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3436939&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F03000%2FNovel_Immunohistochemical_Markers_in_the_Diagnosis.6.aspx Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become an important adjunct tool in diagnostic neuro-oncology practice enabling immunophenotypic characterization of tumor cells. There have been several recent publications regarding new IHC markers that are useful for diagnosis of brain tumors. To introduce the latest advances in IHC in this field, we review the features of novel IHC marker antibodies applicable to selected nonglial tumors in the nervous system, based on recently published reports and our own experiences. We discuss (1) aquaporin-1 and [alpha]-inhibin for hemangioblastoma, (2) [beta]-catenin for craniopharyngioma, (3) brachyury for chordoma, and (4) INI-1 for hereditary schwannomas. All the markers presented here are used primarily for supporting or confirming the histologic diagnosis, with... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3436939 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3436939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3418584&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F03000%2FTelepathology_for_Patient_Care__What_Am_I_Getting.5.aspx The vast advancements in telecommunications and converting medical information to a digital format have increased the number of applications within telemedicine. Telepathology, in simplest terms, is the practice of formally rendering a pathologic diagnosis based upon examination of an image rather than of a glass slide through traditional microscopy. The use of telepathology for clinical patient care has so far been limited to relatively few large academic institutions. Although a number of challenges remain, there is increasing demand for the use of information technology in pathology as a whole owing to the expansion of health care networks and the opportunity to enhance the quality of service delivered to patients. The software used to acquire, display, and manage digital images for cli... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3418584 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3418584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3384587&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F03000%2FMullerian_Adenosarcoma_of_the_Female_Genital_Tract.4.aspx Mullerian adenosarcoma is an uncommon, but not rare, mixed tumor containing a neoplastic but benign or mildly atypical epithelial element and a sarcomatous, usually low-grade, stromal component. The most common site is the uterine corpus but adenosarcoma also occurs in the cervix and ovary and more rarely in the vagina, fallopian tube, arising from peritoneal surfaces, or outside the female genital tract, for example in the intestine. Most uterine cases have a polypoid gross appearance, sometimes resulting in the formation of multiple polyps. Characteristic histologic features include a low power "phyllodes-like" architecture with leaf-like projections lined by a variety of benign Mullerian type epithelia, sometimes with squamous metaplasia. Intraglandular stromal protrusions are a charact... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3384587 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3384587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3381088&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F03000%2FUterine_Smooth_Muscle_Tumors_Other_Than_the.2.aspx Uterine smooth muscle tumors are classified according to their morphologic features that include architecture, growth pattern, cellular characteristics and constituents of the intercellular stroma. While terminologies used for the pathologic diagnosis of various subtypes may be eloquent and histologically accurate, some of these are confusing for the clinician and may also be open to interpretation by different pathologists: the labeling of atypical leiomyomas epitomizes this intricate system. Clinically, it is probably more useful to classify them as either tumors with or tumors without recurrent and/or metastatic potential. The term "atypical leiomyoma" has been used to label tumors that have a low risk of recurrence and is synonymous with benign tumors. The latter are known variously as... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3381088 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3381088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3361233&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F03000%2FEndometrial_Stromal_Sarcomas__A_Review_of.3.aspx Endometrial stromal tumors are uncommon mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. The classification of these tumors has evolved and the most current World Health Organization classification (2003) divides these neoplasms into: endometrial stromal nodule, low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, and undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma. The salient clinicopathologic features of these tumors are described, and a comprehensive review of literature pertaining to potential prognostic factors in endometrial stromal sarcomas is provided. Clinical factors, including age, race, parity and menopausal status, and pathologic factors, including tumor size, tumor stage, nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, tumor necrosis, lymphovascular space invasion, DNA ploidy and proliferative activity, and expression of hormon... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3361233 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3361233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340949&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F03000%2FState_of_the_Art%2C_Nomenclature%2C_and_Points_of.1.aspx The following communication summarizes the proceedings of a one-day International Workshop focusing on the histology of benign melanocytic nevi. Areas of controversy identified in 6 focus sessions were the nomenclature and relationships among common nevi including nevi with halo reactions, traumatized nevi, "dysplastic" nevi, and nevi from particular anatomic sites; developmental biology and frequency of malignant transformation associated with congenital nevi; the characterization and biologic nature of atypical spitzoid neoplasms; the basic definition of particular melanocytic cellular phenotypes, and the nomenclature and biologic nature of many candidate blue nevi, combined nevi, and other controversial lesions such as deep penetrating nevus and pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma. Conce... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340949 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3245784&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1994%2F09000%2FCystic_Nephroma_and_Cystic_Partially.7.pdf On: Multilocular Cystic Nephroma. Kajani N, Rosenberg BF, Bernstein J, J Urol Pathol 1993;1:33-42 (C) Williams & Wilkins 1994. All Rights Reserved. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3245784 Sat, 06 Feb 2010 15:11:07 +0100 3245784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3214629&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F2000%2F07030%2FHepatitis_C_itself_does_not_contribute.11.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3214629 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 15:22:38 +0100 3214629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3210395&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F2000%2F07020%2FAn_update_on_SETTLE.10.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3210395 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 14:57:18 +0100 3210395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3144353&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1995%2F01000%2FAntigen_Unmasking_in_Formalin_Fixed_Routinely.44.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3144353 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 14:57:26 +0100 3144353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3739134&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F01000%2FTransbronchial_and_Endobronchial_Biopsies.9.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3739134 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3739134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3712431&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F01000%2FOncogene_induced_Cellular_Senescence.6.aspx Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a robust and sustained antiproliferative response brought about by oncogenic signaling resulting from an activating mutation of an oncogene, or the inactivation of a tumor-suppressor gene. The pathways mediating OIS are complex and incompletely elucidated but, the proliferative arrest involves activation of both the RB and p53 pathways. In addition, whereas there are indications that at least in some situations, negative feedback loops abolish the increased mitogenic signaling resulting from the oncogenic mutations, also an unexpected contribution of interleukin-mediated signaling has recently been found. OIS brings about cessation of growth of some benign tumors, including melanocytic nevi and several other lesions, including pituitary and thyroid aden... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3712431 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3712431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3693430&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F01000%2FGiant_Hypopharyngeal_Atypical_Lipomatous_Tumor.5.aspx The so-called "giant fibrovascular polyps" of the esophagus and hypopharynx typically present as sausage-like pedunculated structures that protrude into the lumen and cause obstructive symptoms. Most are cured by local resection but they may recur. Microscopically, they display an admixture of fibrovascular and adipose tissue that is coated by unremarkable squamous mucosa. Here, we report a case that had scattered hyperchromatic cells and lipoblasts within the adipose tissue component. In other anatomic sites similar appearing lesions have been interpreted as pedunculated liposarcomas/atypical lipomatous tumors that are more prone to local recurrences than classic giant fibrovascular polyps. Reports of dedifferentiation and metastases are lacking thus raising the possibility that the cytol... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3693430 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3693430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3525318&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F01000%2FParatesticular_Mesothelioma__Report_of_a_Case_With.8.aspx Paratesticular mesotheliomas are rare tumors with 223 cases described so far. The sole plausible causative factor so far ascertained in the pathogenesis of these tumors is asbestos, which however is found in only around 30% to 40% of such cases. The age range of affected individuals is wide, mostly adults and the elderly, but also includes young people and children. The most common presenting symptom is either hydrocele of unknown origin or intrascrotal mass. When hydrocele is the presenting symptom, these tumors are often clinically overlooked and the diagnosis is delayed. Most paratesticular mesotheliomas arise in the tunica vaginalis, but primary tumors of the spermatic cord and epididymis are also on record. Tumors arising from the peritoneal mesothelium of a hernia sac are excluded fr... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3525318 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3525318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3210397&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F01000%2FThe_Physicians_Quality_Reporting_Initiative_.7.aspx The Physicians Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) was instituted in the latter half of 2007. PQRI is a voluntary reporting system in which the aim is to improve patient care, whereas at the same time, an eligible practitioner may receive an incentive payment for successful participation. Two pathology-specific measures were instituted in 2008; 1 for breast cancer reporting and the other for colon cancer reporting. In 2009, Current Procedural Terminology Category II code 3250F was instituted, which allows proper coding of cases from metastatic sites when ICD 9 code and Current Procedural Terminology Category I inclusion criteria are met. After the review of the 2007 data obtained from other specialties, submission of invalid codes was predominantly attributed to failure to adhere to measur... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3210397 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3210397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187482&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F01000%2FHistiocytic_Disorders_of_the_Lung.2.aspx Histiocytic proliferations involving the lung span a broad spectrum. Some proliferations are primary; others represent a histiocytic response secondary to conditions in which there may be isolated lung involvement or the lung may be involved as part of a systemic process. Primary histiocytic lung disorders, particularly those of uncertain histogenesis are a heterogeneous and intriguing group of disorders. Although they have been the focus of attention by clinicians and pathologists alike, much is unknown about their etiopathogenesis. Owing to this uncertainty, our understanding of these processes is in a state of flux, and is likely to change as more information is brought to light. This review will focus on pulmonary histiocytic proliferations of uncertain histogenesis. Other histiocytic ... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187482 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3187482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3181141&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F01000%2FSmall_Cell_Tumors_of_Bone.1.aspx Bone tumors are fortunately rare, but small cell tumors of bone are a relatively common subset of these lesions. They comprise of a diverse group of primary and metastatic neoplasms in both children and adults. The most common small cell tumors of bone include Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor, small cell osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Although each entity has its distinctive features, the differential diagnosis of this group of tumors is still challenging because they are all "small, blue, and round cell tumors", histologically. The correct diagnosis of small cell tumors of bone depends on an evaluation of clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and genetic features. Patients' age and sex are ve... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3181141 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3181141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3157132&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F01000%2FKRAS_Mutation_Testing_in_Human_Cancers__The.3.aspx A number of studies have shown that although antiepidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies are effective treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), only patients with wild-type KRAS tumors derive clinical benefit from these therapies. The anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies panitumumab and cetuximab are approved in the United States for treatment of mCRC refractory to chemotherapy but are not recommended for use in patients with mutations in KRAS codons 12 or 13. Similarly, panitumumab is approved for the treatment of mCRC only in patients with wild-type KRAS in Europe and Canada. It is clear that KRAS mutational analysis will become an important aspect of disease management in patients with mCRC. Consequently, it will be important for pathologists and oncologists ... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3157132 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3157132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3155046&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2010%2F01000%2FAn_Update_on_Lung_Cancer_Staging.4.aspx This article reviews the changes in criteria for the tumor, node, metastasis components and discusses the issues that will be faced by pathologists when examining lung cancer specimens, including recommendations for tumor measurement, differentiation of multiple primary tumors versus metastases, and visceral pleural invasion. (C) 2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3155046 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3155046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3098663&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1994%2F09000%2FMismatch_Repair_Gene__The_Underlying_Defect_of.36.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3098663 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 14:54:53 +0100 3098663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3098662&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1994%2F11000%2FIn_situ_carcinoma_involving_the_anterior.23.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3098662 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 14:54:53 +0100 3098662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3094597&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1995%2F07000%2FSelective_overexpression_of_CCND1__bcl_1_cyclin.28.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3094597 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 14:56:39 +0100 3094597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091202&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1998%2F07000%2FImprovement_needed_in_distinguishing_non_invasive.27.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091202 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 14:51:34 +0100 3091202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091201&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F2000%2F07030%2FSecondary_chromosomal_changes_in_Ewing_s_sarcoma.16.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091201 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 14:51:34 +0100 3091201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087486&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1999%2F09000%2FReproducibility_of_new_classification_schemes_for.11.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087486 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:31 +0100 3087486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073659&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1994%2F09000%2FSclerosing_peritonitis_and_ovarian_luteinized.23.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073659 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 14:50:15 +0100 3073659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073655&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1994%2F09000%2FEpstein_Barr_virus__EBV___cause_of.19.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073655 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 14:50:15 +0100 3073655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073654&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1995%2F07000%2FParents_siblings_with_head_and_neck_squamous_cell.20.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073654 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 14:50:15 +0100 3073654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073653&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1994%2F09000%2FLymphangiomyomatosis_and_Angiomyolipoma_.6.pdf On: Lymphangiomyomatosis and Angiomyolipoma: Closely Related Entities Characterized by Hamartomatous Proliferation of HMB-45-Positive Smooth Muscle. Chan JKC, Tsang WYW, Pau MY, Tang MC, Pang SW, Fletcher CDM, Histopathology 1993;22:445-55 (C) Williams & Wilkins 1994. All Rights Reserved. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073653 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 14:50:15 +0100 3073653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073650&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1999%2F07000%2FInfants_and_ectopic_thymus_in_the_neck.10.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073650 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 14:50:15 +0100 3073650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073649&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1995%2F01000%2FKitchen_Ideas_in_the_Immunohistochemistry.1.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073649 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 14:50:15 +0100 3073649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073646&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1995%2F07000%2FPerinatal_transmisson_of_high_risk_human.9.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073646 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 14:50:15 +0100 3073646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073644&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1994%2F09000%2FImmunohistochemical_studies_for_distinction.25.pdf No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073644 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 14:50:15 +0100 3073644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073643&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F2000%2F07030%2FParachordoma_Exists___But_What_Is_It_.2.pdf Summary: Parachordoma is a very rare peripheral soft tissue tumor of unknown lineage, which has been described under other names, all of which imply a similarity to chordoma. It forms a circumscribed firm tumor, usually in deep soft tissue, with a variety of histologic patterns and cytologic features, including cords and nests of cells, some of which are vacuolated. The ultrastructure and immunophenotype indicate epithelial differentiation and parachordomas are additionally S-100 protein positive. This tumor is distinct from extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma and probably from soft tissue myoepithelioma. While histologically it somewhat resembles chordoma, parachordoma has a wider range of appearances, and the two neoplasms differ in their detailed cytokeratin immunophenotype and their cl... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073643 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 14:50:15 +0100 3073643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073642&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F2000%2F07030%2FA_Conceptual_Shift_in_the_Grading_of_Meningiomas.4.pdf Summary: Grading schemes for meningiomas have traditionally designated tumors as "meningioma," "atypical meningioma," or "anaplastic (malignant) meningioma," depending upon the presence of histopathologic features thought to indicate aggressive behavior. In the past, most systems have considered brain invasion by tumor as the best evidence of malignancy. Perry et al. have recently investigated the significance brain invasion as a prognostic feature in meningiomas. The authors studied a series of 116 patients who had been diagnosed previously with "malignant meningioma" due to the presence of brain invasion, histologic anaplasia, or metastasis. On the basis of a multivariate analysis of histopathologic features and their relationship to tumor recurrence and patient survival, the authors con... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073642 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 14:50:15 +0100 3073642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073639&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F1994%2F09000%2FPolymerase_Chain_Reaction_and_Single_Strand.1.pdf Of the various polymerase chain reaction-based techniques available to detect DNA mutations, single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis is being used increasingly owing to its simplicity, sensitivity, and applicability to large numbers of specimens. Furthermore, prior knowledge of the site or type of mutation is not needed, the only requirement being the availability of appropriate primers. The authors review the theoretical and practical aspects of this technique, and detail some of its major applications in the detection of gene mutations in both neoplastic and nonneoplastic disorders. (C) Williams & Wilkins 1994. All Rights Reserved. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073639 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 14:50:15 +0100 3073639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073636&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.journals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2F2000%2F07020%2FAtypical_Subcutaneous_Fatty_Tumors.4.pdf Summary: Atypical fatty tumors present problems of terminology and diagnosis. While atypical fatty tumors that are located in subcutaneous tissues have an extremely good prognosis, local recurrence and transformation to a higher grade tumor may occur. Allen et al document the morphologic features and behavior of 37 atypical subcutaneous fatty tumors and describe a system of grading. The commentary discusses the terminology of atypical fatty tumors, the relevance of the proposed grading system, and the significance of a spindle cell component in atypical subcutaneous fatty tumors. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073636 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 14:50:15 +0100 3073636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3760046&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F11000%2FComprehensive_Cytopathology%2C_3rd_Ed.7.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3760046 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3760046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3431417&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F11000%2FBlue_Nevi_and_Related_Lesions__A_Review.1.aspx Blue nevi and related entities are a heterogenous group of congenital and acquired melanocytic tumors that includes established entities such as dendritic ("common") blue nevus and cellular blue nevus, and their numerous clinical and pathologic variants, such as deep penetrating nevus. They share several clinical and morphologic features including their blue tinctorial properties, the presence of a dermal proliferation of spindle, fusiform or ovoid cells, associated melanin pigment (both within the melanocytic tumor cells and also within macrophages) and stromal sclerosis and, at least focal positivity for HMB-45 (Gp100). Some variants, such as deep penetrating nevus, often show considerable variation in nuclear size and shape, and, as a consequence, are at risk of being misdiagnosed as me... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3431417 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3431417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3010717&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F11000%2FCystic_Lymphangioma_like_Adenomatoid_Tumor_of_the.6.aspx Adenomatoid tumors (AT) are usually found in the genital tract of both sexes. They are very rarely located in extragenital sites, and are exceedingly rare in the adrenal. AT of the adrenal gland (AT-AG) are nonfunctioning, usually discovered incidentally and confused on imaging with other more common adrenal neoplasms. The overwhelming majority occur in males. Thirty-four cases have been reported so far, more often presenting grossly as solid tumors, rarely as solid with cystic areas, and 5 cases were almost entirely cystic. At histology they can be either circumscribed or locally infiltrative, and may pose diagnostic difficulties when the pathologist relies on morphology alone or is challenged on frozen section. On light microscopy the diagnosis may be very difficult if the tumor is rich ... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3010717 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3010717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2941617&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F11000%2FColorectal_Cancer_Due_to_Deficiency_in_DNA.4.aspx Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome attributable to deleterious germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. The syndrome is typified by early-onset, frequently right-sided colorectal cancers (CRCs) with characteristic histologic features and tendency for multiplicity and an increased risk for extracolonic tumors at particular sites; it accounts for 1% to 5% of CRC. Deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) function manifests as immunohistochemically detectable absence of one or more MMR proteins and microsatellite instability (MSI). Approximately 15% of sporadic, noninherited CRC are characterized by high-level MSI, nearly always owing to transcriptional silencing of MLH1; these sporadic and LS cases exhibit considerable phenotypic overlap. Identificat... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2941617 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:55:15 +0100 2941617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2937014&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F11000%2FPlasmacytoid_Dendritic_Cells__Physiologic_Roles.3.aspx Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) have perplexed pathologists for decades, undergoing multiple adjustments in nomenclature as their lineage and functions have been characterized. Although PDCs account for less than 0.1% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, they serve as a principal source of interferon-[alpha] and are also known as interferon-I producing cells (IPCs). Upon activation in vitro, they can differentiate into dendritic cells, and recent studies have substantiated a potential role in antigen presentation. Thus, PDCs may act as a link between innate and adaptive immunity. Normally found in small quantities in primary and secondary lymphoid organs, PDCs accumulate in a variety of inflammatory conditions, including Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenopathy, hyaline-vascular Castleman di... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2937014 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 14:57:11 +0100 2937014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2937013&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F11000%2FFluorescence_In_Situ_Hybridization_in_the.2.aspx This paper presents an overview of the role of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms. Many soft tissue neoplasms harbor characteristic translocations or amplification of gene regions, which can be assessed by FISH, and can be used to assist in their diagnosis. We discuss the major morphologic categories in which FISH has come to be used including high-grade round cell sarcomas, spindle cell sarcomas, low-grade myxoid neoplasms, adipocytic neoplasms, and malignant melanocytic neoplasms on the basis of a recent review of soft tissue neoplasms which were analyzed by FISH. We also review the molecular alterations (translocations and amplification of gene regions), which have come to define many of these diagnostic entities and the most effective wa... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2937013 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 14:57:11 +0100 2937013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932991&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F11000%2FCore_Components_of_a_Comprehensive_Quality.5.aspx In this article the core components of a comprehensive quality assurance and improvement plan are outlined. Quality anatomic pathology work comes with focus on accurate, timely, and complete reports. A commitment to continuous quality improvement and a systems approach with a persistent effort helps to achieve this end. Departments should have a quality assurance and improvement plan that includes a risk assessment of real and potential problems facing the laboratory. The plan should also list the individuals responsible for carrying out the program with adequate resources, a defined timetable, and annual assessment for progress and future directions. Quality assurance monitors should address regulatory requirements and be organized by laboratory division (surgical pathology, cytology, etc... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932991 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 15:04:02 +0100 2932991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3381089&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F09000%2FErratum.9.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3381089 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3381089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837645&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F09000%2FSelective_Pathologies_of_the_Head_and_Neck_in.7.aspx The range of pathology seen in the head and neck region is truly amazing and to a large extent probably mirrors the complex signaling pathways and careful orchestration of events that occurs between the primordial germ layers during the development of this region. As is true in general for the entire discipline of pediatric pathology, the head and neck pathology within this age group is as diverse and different as its adult counterpart. Cases that come across the pediatric head and neck surgical pathology bench are more heavily weighted toward developmental and congenital lesions such as branchial cleft anomalies, thyroglossal duct cysts, ectopias, heterotopias, choristomas, and primitive tumors. Many congenital "benign" lesions can cause significant morbidity and even mortality if they co... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837645 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2826696&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F09000%2FBenign_Cartilaginous_Tumors_of_Bone__From.4.aspx Benign cartilaginous tumors of bones, intrinsic to their name, are tumors forming cartilaginous matrix with a clinically benign behavior. In this group, we recognize osteochondromas, (en)chondromas, chondroblastomas, and chondromyxoid fibromas. This group includes common tumors, that is, osteochondroma and (en)chondroma as well as rare tumors such as chondroblastoma and chondromyxoid fibroma. Several benign and malignant tumors may mimic benign cartilaginous tumors of bones. We reviewed the main morphologic features and the differential diagnosis is discussed. The genetics of these tumors is intriguing ranging from single gene event (ie, EXT mutation in multiple osteochondromas) to heterogeneous rearrangements with no recurrent involved chromosomal regions such as in chondroblastoma. The m... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2826696 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2826696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2787705&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F09000%2FOlfactory_Neuroblastoma__A_Review_and_Update.6.aspx Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a malignant neuroectodermal tumor that typically occurs in the superior nasal cavity. It is a distinct entity with features that include nesting, low-grade stippled nuclei, and neurofibrillary stroma with formation of pseudorosettes. It has a distinctive immunoprofile that includes keratin negativity, neuroendocrine marker positivity, and S100 positive sustentacular cells, which surround the nests of tumor in a supportive manner. Although the typical clinicopathologic features leave little room for misinterpretation, the wide variability in this tumor may cause diagnostic difficulty. This includes immunophenotypic diversity or patchy staining with immunomarkers, wide spectrum of grade and histology, posttreatment changes, and occasional divergent differenti... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2787705 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2787705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2784308&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F09000%2FBoard_Review_Series__Pathology%2C_4th_Ed.8.aspx No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology) Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2784308 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2784308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2760342&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F09000%2FPoorly_Differentiated_Thyroid_Carcinoma__A.2.aspx The term poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) was first proposed in the 1980s, but it was not definitively recognized as a distinct pathologic entity until the most recent classification of endocrine tumors by the World Health Organization in 2004. More recently, as a result of discussions in Turin, Italy, in 2006, diagnostic criteria were made more specific by a consensus of expert thyroid pathologists. The histologic and cytologic aspects are detailed with particular attention to key features helpful in the diagnosis of PDTC, both in surgical pathology and in cytology-based studies. Histologically, insular, solid, and/or trabecular architecture, along with at least one of the following: convoluted nuclei, mitotic activity (>3/10 HPF), or tumor necrosis, are required for a diagn... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2760342 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2760342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2742946&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F09000%2FThe_Expression_and_Diagnostic_Utility_of_p63_in.5.aspx p63 plays a key role in epithelial development in various organs, being expressed in myoepithelial cells and in basal cells of stratified epithelia. In the female genital tract, p63 is expressed in the basal and parabasal cells of mature cervical, vaginal and vulval squamous epithelium, and also in cervical reserve cells at the transformation zone and in immature metaplastic and atrophic cervical squamous epithelium. In this review, the diagnostic utility of p63 immunohistochemical staining in various pathologic scenarios within the female genital tract is discussed. Cervical microglandular hyperplasia is p63 positive with a characteristic subcolumnar location due to expression in reserve cells. There is increased expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, in accordance with the deg... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2742946 Sat, 29 Aug 2009 12:32:09 +0100 2742946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2732495&cid=s_34229_32_f&fid=34229&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fanatomicpathology%2FFulltext%2F2009%2F09000%2FOvarian_Low_grade_and_High_grade_Serous_Carcinoma_.1.aspx Ovarian serous carcinomas have been graded using various systems. Recently, a 2-tier system in which tumors are subdivided into low grade and high grade has been proposed. This approach is simplistic, reproducible, and based on biologic evidence indicating that both tumors develop via different pathways. Low-grade serous carcinomas exhibit low-grade nuclei with infrequent mitotic figures. They evolve from adenofibromas or borderline tumors, have frequent mutations of the KRAS, BRAF, or ERBB2 genes, and lack TP53 mutations (Type I pathway). The progression to invasive carcinoma is a slow step-wise process. Low-grade tumors are indolent and have better outcome than high-grade tumors. In contrast, high-grade serous carcinomas have high-grade nuclei and numerous mitotic figures. Identification... Advances in Anatomic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2732495 Wed, 26 Aug 2009 12:37:27 +0100 2732495