MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 18:15:07 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5620089&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22252385%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li WW, Sheng GP Abstract Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been progressing at an amazing speed in the past few years, with higher power density but lower cost being continuously achieved. However, most of the studies to date have been conducted at laboratory scale, and many technological and economic barriers remain to be overcome prior to large-scale application of the MFC technique. In recent years, China has been playing an increasingly important role in this field, and has contributed considerably to moving MFCs forward toward large-scale implementations for both power generation and extended applications. Nevertheless, the development of MFCs is still in its infancy, the power density needs to be further improved, the cost reduced and a better understanding gained on ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5620089 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5620089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5620092&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22249365%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ji XJ, Huang H, Nie ZK, Qu L, Xu Q, Tsao GT Abstract Industrial processes of lignocellulosic material have made use of only the hexose component of the cellulose fraction. Pentoses and some minor hexoses present in the hemicellulose fraction, which may represent as much as 40% of lignocellulosic biomass, have in most cases been wasted. The lack of good methods for utilization of hemicellulose sugars is a key obstacle hindering the development of lignocellulose-based ethanol and other biofuels. In this chapter, we focus on the utilization of hemicellulose sugars, the structure of hemicellulose and its hydrolysis, and the biochemistry and process technology involved in their conversion to valuable fuels and chemicals. PMID: 22249365 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (S... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5620092 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5620092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5597907&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22231654%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang M, Li Z, Fang X, Wang L, Qu Y Abstract Second-generation bioethanol made from lignocellulosic biomass is considered one of the most promising biofuels. However, the enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose component to liberate glucose for ethanol fermentation is one of the major barriers for the process to be economically competitive because of the recalcitrance of feedstock. In this chapter, the progress on the understanding of the mechanisms of lignocellulose degradation, as well as the identification and optimization of fungal cellulases, cellulolytic strains, and cellulase production is reviewed. The physiologic functions and enzymatic mechanisms of two groups of enzymes involved in lignocellulose degradation, cellulases and hemicellulases, are discussed, and the sy... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5597907 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5597907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577760&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22223139%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe the latest applications of biosensors in diagnostic applications focusing on detection of molecular biomarkers in real samples. An overview of the current state and future trends of biosensors in this field is given. PMID: 22223139 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577760 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5577760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559231&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22210243%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jandt U, Zeng AP Abstract The complexity and internal organization of mammalian cells as well as the regulation of intracellular transport processes has increasingly moved into the focus of investigation during the past two decades. Advanced staining and microscopy techniques help to shed light onto spatial cellular compartmentation and regulation, increasing the demand for improved modeling techniques. In this chapter, we summarize recent developments in the field of quantitative simulation approaches and frameworks for the description of intracellular transport processes. Special focus is therefore laid on compartmented and spatiotemporally resolved simulation approaches. The processes considered include free and facilitated diffusion of molecules, active transport via t... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559231 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548093&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22194060%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Castro-Melchor M, Le H, Hu WS Abstract In the past decade, DNA microarrays have fundamentally changed the way we study complex biological systems. By measuring the expression levels of thousands of transcripts, the paradigm of studying organisms has shifted from focusing on the local phenomena of a few genes to surveying the whole genome. DNA microarrays are used in a variety of ways, from simple comparisons between two samples to more intricate time-series studies. With the large number of genes being studied, the dimensionality of the problem is inevitably high. The analysis of microarray data thus requires specific approaches. In the case of time-series microarray studies, data analysis is further complicated by the correlation between successive time points in a series... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548093 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5548093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531623&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22167047%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews up-to-date progress on biobutanol production in China. PMID: 22167047 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531623 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5531623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531624&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22160177%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wiegandt K, Goepfert C, Pörtner R, Janssen R Abstract As subchondral bone is often affected during cartilage injuries, the aim of research is to generate osteochondral implants in vitro using tissue engineering techniques. These constructs consist of a cartilage layer grown on top of a bone phase. In clinical applications, phosphate ceramics have gained acceptance as bone substitute materials because of their great affinity to natural bone. Furthermore, the interaction between cartilage and the underlying bone equivalent is essential for the development and success of osteochondral implants. Here, the influence of a carrier containing hydroxyapatite on the quality of cartilage constructs generated in vitro is investigated. Attempts are made to explain the effects describe... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531624 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5531624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531625&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138971%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhao XQ, Zi LH, Bai FW, Lin HL, Hao XM, Yue GJ, Ho NW Abstract China is suffering from a sustained shortage of crude oil supply, making fuel ethanol and other biofuels alternative solutions for this issue. However, taking into account the country's large population and dwindling arable land due to rapid urbanization, it is apparent that current fuel ethanol production from grain-based feedstocks is not sustainable, and lignocellulosic biomass, particularly agricultural residues that are abundantly available in China, is the only choice for China to further expand its fuel ethanol production, provided economically viable processes can be developed. In this chapter, cutting edge progress in bioethanol is reviewed, with a focus on the understanding of the molecular structure ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531625 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5531625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531626&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22109725%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang BW, Shi AQ, Tu R, Zhang XL, Wang QH, Bai FW Abstract China's energy requirements and environmental concerns have stimulated efforts toward developing alternative liquid fuels. Compared with fuel ethanol, branched-chain higher alcohols (BCHAs), including isopropanol, isobutanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol, exhibit significant advantages, such as higher energy density, lower hygroscopicity, lower vapor pressure, and compatibility with existing transportation infrastructures. However, BCHAs have not been synthesized economically using native organisms, and thus their microbial production based on metabolic engineering and synthetic biology offers an alternative approach, which presents great potential for improving production efficiency. We review the cur... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531626 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5531626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531628&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089825%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang D, Lu Y, Huang H, Xu J Abstract Algal feedstock is the foundation of the emerging algal biofuel industry. However, few algae found in nature have demonstrated the combination of high biomass accumulation rate, robust oil yield and tolerance to environmental stresses, all complex traits that a large-scale, economically competitive production scheme demands. Therefore, untangling the intricate sub-cellular networks underlying these complex traits, in one or a series of carefully selected algal research models, has become an urgent research mission, which can take advantage of the emerging model oleaginous microalgae that have already demonstrated small, simple and tackleable genomes and the potential for large-scale open-pond cultivation. The revolutions in whole-genome... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531628 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5531628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531627&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089826%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang AJ, Cao GL, Liu WZ Abstract Significant progress has been achieved in China for biohydrogen production from organic wastes, particularly wastewater and agricultural residues, which are abundantly available in China. This progress is reviewed with a focus on hydrogen-producing bacteria, fermentation processes, and bioreactor configurations. Although dark fermentation is more efficient for hydrogen production, by-products generated during the fermentation not only compromise hydrogen production yield but also inhibit the bacteria. Two strategies, combination of dark fermentation and photofermentation and coupling of dark fermentation with a microbial electrolysis cell, are expected to address this issue and improve hydrogen production as well as substrate utilization, w... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531627 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5531627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418531&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22085919%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Will J, Gerhardt LC, Boccaccini AR Abstract Originally developed to fill and restore bone defects, bioactive glasses are currently also being intensively investigated for bone tissue engineering applications. In this chapter, we review and discuss current knowledge on porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds made from bioactive silicate glasses. A brief historical review and the fundamental requirements in the field of bone tissue engineering scaffolds will be presented, followed by a detailed overview of recent developments in bioactive glass-based scaffolds. In addition, the effects of ionic dissolution products of bioactive glasses on osteogenesis and angiogenic properties of scaffolds are briefly addressed. Finally, promising areas of future research and requirements f... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418531 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418527&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22085920%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang AJ, Li WW, Yu HQ Abstract Biogas technology has been practiced for over a century and is widely used in full-scale facilities in China. However, there are still many technological and economic barriers to be overcomed in its applications. Recent advances and multi-disciplinary cooperations in microbiology, biochemistry, and engineering science are bringing new promises of a better understanding and control of the anaerobic digestion processes, and thus a renaissance of this technology. In particular, great progress in biogas technology has been achieved in China in the approach to larger-scale and more widespread applications. This chapter overviews the recent advances in biogas technology in China, evaluates the current challenges, and discusses the emerging technolo... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418527 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418525&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22085921%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Du W, Liu DH Abstract At present, traditional fossil fuels are used predominantly in China, presenting the country with challenges that include sustainable energy supply, energy efficiency improvement, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In 2007, China issued The Strategic Plan of the Mid-and-Long Term Development of Renewable Energy, which aims to increase the share of clean energy in the country's energy consumption to 15% by 2020 from only 7.5% in 2005. Biodiesel, an important renewable fuel with significant advantages over fossil diesel, has attracted great attention in the USA and European countries. However, biodiesel is still in its infancy in China, although its future is promising. This chapter reviews biodiesel production from conventional feedstocks in th... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418525 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418533&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22068841%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kress S, Neumann A, Weyand B, Kasper C Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells and 3D biomaterials are a potent assembly in tissue engineering. Today, a sizable number of biomaterials has been characterized for special tissue engineering applications. However, diverse material properties, such as soft or hard biomaterials, have a specific influence on cell behavior. Not only the cell attachment and proliferation, but also differentiation is controlled by the microenvironment. Material characteristics such as pore size, stiffness, roughness, and geometry affect not only the cell attachment and proliferation, but also the differentiation behavior of mesenchymal stem cells. Optimization of these features might enable direct differentiation without adjustment of the culture medium by ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418533 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418532&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22068842%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Botezatu L, Sievers S, Gama-Norton L, Schucht R, Hauser H, Wirth D Abstract Animal cells can be regarded as factories for the production of relevant proteins. The advances described in this chapter towards the development of cell lines with higher productivity capacities, certain metabolic and proliferation properties, reduced apoptosis and other features must be regarded in an integrative perspective. The systematic application of systems biology approaches in combination with a synthetic arsenal for targeted modification of endogenous networks are proposed to lead towards the achievement of a predictable and technologically advanced cell system with high biotechnological impact. PMID: 22068842 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engin... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418532 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379108&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22015728%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hossler P Abstract Protein glycosylation is a post-translational modification of paramount importance for the function, immunogenicity, and efficacy of recombinant glycoprotein therapeutics. Within the repertoire of post-translational modifications, glycosylation stands out as having the most significant proven role towards affecting pharmacokinetics and protein physiochemical characteristics. In mammalian cell culture, the understanding and controllability of the glycosylation metabolic pathway has achieved numerous successes. However, there is still much that we do not know about the regulation of the pathway. One of the frequent conclusions regarding protein glycosylation control is that it needs to be studied on a case-by-case basis since there are often conflicting re... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379108 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311869&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21989486%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilhelmi M, Giere B, Harder M Abstract The idea to create the concept of cardiovascular "tissue engineering" is based on the recognition that until then all known allogeneic/xenogeneic biological or alloplastic implant materials were associated with shortcomings, which led to graft deterioration, degradation and finally destruction. Thus, it aims to develop viable cardiovascular structures, e.g. heart valves, myocardium or blood vessels, which ideally demonstrate mechanisms of remodeling and self-repair, a high microbiological resistance, complete immunological integrity and a functional endothelial cell layer to guarantee physiological hemostasis. In our current review we aim to identify basic limitations of previous concepts, explain why the use of decellularized matrice... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311869 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311868&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21989487%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bruinink A, Luginbuehl R Abstract The in vitro biocompatibility of novel materials has to be proven before a material can be used as component of a medical device. This must be done in cell culture tests according to internationally recognized standard protocols. Subsequently, preclinical and clinical tests must be performed to verify the safety of the new material and device. The present chapter focuses on the first step, the in vitro testing according to ISO 10993-5, and critically discusses its limited significance. Alternative strategies and a brief overview of activities to improve the current in vitro tests are presented in the concluding section. PMID: 21989487 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311868 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311867&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21989488%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Michaelis S, Robelek R, Wegener J Abstract A better understanding of the interactions of animal (or human) cells with in vitro surfaces is the key to the successful development, improvement and optimization of biomaterials for biomedical or biotechnological purposes. State-of-the-art experimental approaches and techniques are a prerequisite for further and deeper insights into the mechanisms and processes involved in cell-surface adhesion. This chapter provides a brief but not complete survey of optical, mechanical, electrochemical and acoustic devices that are currently used to study the structural and functional properties of the cell-surface junction. Each technique is introduced with respect to the underlying principles before example data are discussed. At the end of ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311867 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311866&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21989489%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Witte F, Bartsch I, Willbold E Abstract Biohybrid has been used as a fashionable term in scientific publications during the past years to describe a functional unit consisting of a bioactive and a structural component. The bioactive part of the biohybrid could consist of cells or bioactive molecules, while the structural part is of biological or non-biological origin. Biohybrids are currently used as implants and transplants in regenerative medicine or in vitro applications such as assays, biosensors or bioreactors. However, a clear definition of a biohybrid has not been given yet. This chapter reviews the current applications of biohybrids and identifies the challenges of biohybrids in in vivo applications. A classification of biohybrids according to their functional use ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311866 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311872&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21984613%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hayes JS, Czekanska EM, Richards RG Abstract The realm of surface-dependent cell and tissue responses is the foundation of orthopaedic-device-related research. However, to design materials that elicit specific responses from tissues is a complex proposition mainly because the vast majority of the biological principles controlling the interaction of cells with implants remain largely ambiguous. Nevertheless, many surface properties, such as chemistry and topography, can be manipulated in an effort to selectively control the cell-material interaction. On the basis of this information there has been much research in this area, including studies focusing on the structure and composition of the implant interface, optimization of biological and chemical coatings and elucidation ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311872 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311871&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21984614%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schulze M, Tobiasch E Abstract Medicine was revolutionized in the last two centuries and its advances have more than doubled life expectancy. Nevertheless, some problems are as old as mankind and although the underlying causes might have changed, the problems themselves have not. Musculoskeletal disorders and tooth loss are such problems; they are the major reasons for the ever-growing need for bone replacement, which cannot always be realized by autologous material. New, multidisciplinary strategies are needed for the development of novel materials to meet the demand. Stem-cell-based approaches combined with newly designed scaffold materials seem to be promising tools for constructing tissue replacements. Human mesenchymal stem cells and their remarkable differentiation p... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311871 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311870&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21984615%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gerdtzen ZP Abstract Over the past decades, the availability of large amounts of information regarding cellular processes and reaction rates, along with increasing knowledge about the complex mechanisms involved in these processes, has changed the way we approach the understanding of cellular processes. We can no longer rely only on our intuition for interpreting experimental data and evaluating new hypotheses, as the information to analyze is becoming increasingly complex. The paradigm for the analysis of cellular systems has shifted from a focus on individual processes to comprehensive global mathematical descriptions that consider the interactions of metabolic, genomic, and signaling networks. Analysis and simulations are used to test our knowledge by refuting or valida... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311870 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296132&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21975953%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Berger M, Kaup M, Blanchard V Abstract Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is of paramount importance in the production of recombinant pharmaceuticals as most recombinantly produced therapeutics are N- and/or O-glycosylated. Being a cell-system-dependent process, it also varies with expression systems and growth conditions, which result in glycan microheterogeneity and macroheterogeneity. Glycans have an effect on drug stability, serum half-life, and immunogenicity; it is therefore important to analyze and optimize the glycan decoration of pharmaceuticals. This review summarizes the aspects of protein glycosylation that are of interest to biotechnologists, namely, biosynthesis and biological relevance, as well as the tools to optimize and to analyze pro... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296132 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296131&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21975954%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim K, Yoon DM, Mikos AG, Kasper FK Abstract Articular cartilage that is damaged or diseased often requires surgical intervention to repair the tissue; therefore, tissue engineering strategies have been developed to aid in cartilage regeneration. Tissue engineering approaches often require the integration of cells, biomaterials, and growth factors to direct and support tissue formation. A variety of cell types have been isolated from adipose, bone marrow, muscle, and skin tissue to promote cartilage regeneration. The interaction of cells with each other and with their surrounding environment has been shown to play a key role in cartilage engineering. In tissue engineering approaches, biomaterials are commonly used to provide an initial framework for cell recruitment and pr... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296131 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296130&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21975955%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe the biomaterials used for reconstituting the niche, highlighting the bioengineering principles used in the process. Such synthetic microenvironments constitute powerful tools for elucidating stem cell regulatory mechanisms that should fuel the development of advanced culture systems with accurate regulation of stem cell fate. PMID: 21975955 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296130 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296129&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21975956%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Das D, Zhang Z, Winkler T, Mour M, Günter CI, Morlock MM, Machens HG, Schilling AF Abstract The human body is a composite structure, completely constructed of biodegradable materials. This allows the cells of the body to remove and replace old or defective tissue with new material. Consequently, artificial resorbable biomaterials have been developed for application in regenerative medicine. We discuss here advantages and disadvantages of these bioresorbable materials for medical applications and give an overview of typically used metals, ceramics and polymers. Methods for the quantification of bioresorption in vitro and in vivo are described. The next challenge will be to better understand the interface between cell and material and to use this knowledge for the design of... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296129 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5276095&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21952979%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stahl F, Hitzmann B, Mutz K, Landgrebe D, Lübbecke M, Kasper C, Walter J, Scheper T Abstract Transcriptome analysis technologies are important systems-biology methods for the investigation and optimization of mammalian cell cultures concerning with regard to growth rates and productivity. For the production of recombinant proteins, knowledge of the expression conditions of the influencing genes is a major issue in the improvement of cell lines by means of genome engineering. This chapter presents two main techniques for transcriptome analysis: microarray technology and next-generation sequencing. Protein-based methods are also briefly outlined. Furthermore, the impact of these technologies on mammalian cell culture improvement is discussed. PMID: 21952979 [PubMed - as... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5276095 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5276095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803872&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21476136%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen GQ PMID: 21476136 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803872 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4637985&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21432052%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Niklas J, Heinzle E Reaction rates or metabolic fluxes reflect the integrated phenotype of genome, transcriptome and proteome interactions, including regulation at all levels of the cellular hierarchy. Different methods have been developed in the past to analyse intracellular fluxes. However, compartmentation of mammalian cells, varying utilisation of multiple substrates, reversibility of metabolite uptake and production, unbalanced growth behaviour and adaptation of cells to changing environment during cultivation are just some reasons that make metabolic flux analysis (MFA) in mammalian cell culture more challenging compared to microorganisms. In this article MFA using the metabolite balancing methodology and the advantages and disadvantages of (13)C MFA in mammalian cell sy... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4637985 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4637985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4470632&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21290218%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schaub J, Clemens C, Kaufmann H, Schulz TW Development of efficient bioprocesses is essential for cost-effective manufacturing of recombinant therapeutic proteins. To achieve further process improvement and process rationalization comprehensive data analysis of both process data and phenotypic cell-level data is essential. Here, we present a framework for advanced bioprocess data analysis consisting of multivariate data analysis (MVDA), metabolic flux analysis (MFA), and pathway analysis for mapping of large-scale gene expression data sets. This data analysis platform was applied in a process development project with an IgG-producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line in which the maximal product titer could be increased from about 5 to 8 g/L.Principal component analysis (... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4470632 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4470632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4200856&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21089004%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nyanhongo GS, Kudanga T, Nugroho Prasetyo E, Guebitz GM Enzymatic polymer functionalisation has entered its most fascinating period with development in this field largely at the basic research level and pilot scale applications. Development of enzymatic processes for the development of lignocellulose-based functional polymers has not been spared, ranging from textile fibres with novel properties (antimicrobials properties, hydrophobic properties, attractive shed colours, etc.) to fibreboards. Enzymatic processes are also being actively pursued aimed at developing functional polymers from lignin (a major by product of the pulp and process). PMID: 21089004 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4200856 Fri, 19 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4200856 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4184892&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21082308%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haagensen JA, Regenberg B, Sternberg C Growing awareness of heterogeneity in cells of microbial populations has emphasized the importance of advanced microscopy for visualization and understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cell-to-cell variation. In this review, we highlight some of the recent advances in confocal microscopy, super-resolution optical microscopy (STED, SIM, PALM) as well as atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Using examples of bistability in microbial populations as well as biofilm development and differentiation in bacterial and yeast consortia, we demonstrate the importance of microscopy for visualization of variation between cells in phenotypic traits such as gene expression. PMID: 21082308 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (So... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4184892 Wed, 17 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4184892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4184893&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21076908%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zimmermann W, Billig S The functionalization of synthetic polymers such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) to improve their hydrophilicity can be achieved biocatalytically using hydrolytic enzymes. A number of cutinases, lipases, and esterases active on polyethylene terephthalate have been identified and characterized. Enzymes from Fusarium solani, Thermomyces insolens, T. lanuginosus, Aspergillus oryzae, Pseudomonas mendocina, and Thermobifida fusca have been studied in detail. Thermostable biocatalysts hydrolyzing poly(ethylene terephthalate) are promising candidates for the further optimization of suitable biofunctionalization processes for textile finishing, technical, and biomedical applications. PMID: 21076908 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Bio... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4184893 Sat, 13 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4184893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165977&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21072694%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yasuda K We have developed methods and systems for analyzing epigenetic information in cells, as well as that of genetic information, to expand our understanding of how living systems are determined. Because cells are minimum units reflecting epigenetic information, which is considered to map the history of a parallel-processing recurrent network of biochemical reactions, their behaviors cannot be explained by considering only conventional DNA information-processing events. The role of epigenetic information in cells, which complements their genetic information, was inferred by comparing predictions from genetic information with cell behavior observed under conditions chosen to reveal adaptation processes and community effects. A system for analyzing epigenetic information was... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165977 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165976&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21072695%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kortmann H, Blank LM, Schmid A The research field of single cell analysis is rapidly expanding, driven by developments in flow cytometry, microscopy, lab-on-a-chip devices, and many other fields. The promises of these developments include deciphering cellular mechanisms and the quantification of cell-to-cell differences, ideally with spatio-temporal resolution. However, these promises are challenging as the analytical techniques have to cope with minute analyte amounts and concentrations. We formulate first these challenges and then present state-of-the-art analytical techniques available to investigate the different cellular hierarchies-from the genome to the phenome, i.e., the sum of all phenotypes. PMID: 21072695 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165976 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165975&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21072696%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rodríguez-Cabello JC, Pierna M, Fernández-Colino A, García-Arévalo C, Arias FJ The rapid development of polymer science has led to literally thousands of different monomers and an almost endless number of possibilities arising from their combination. The most promising strategy to date has been to consider natural products as macromolecules that provide the best option for obtaining functional materials. Proteins, with their high levels of complexity and functionality, are one of the best examples of this approach. In addition, the development of genetic engineering has permitted the design and highly controlled synthesis of proteinaceous materials with complex and advanced functionalities. Elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) are presented herein as an example of an extraord... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165975 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165974&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21072697%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Francesko A, Tzanov T Naturally derived polymers possess a number of properties beneficial to wound healing and tissue engineering. The polysaccharides chitin and chitosan appear to be suitable candidates for the preparation of dressing materials and scaffolds for tissue regeneration due to their unique structural, physico-chemical and functional properties. Functionalization of these biopolymers for improvement of properties such as solubility or introduction of active functions and blending with other intrinsically bioactive polymers has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Such modifications would allow going beyond traditional approaches for treatments of dermal injuries. This chapter is a critical review of the advances in chitin and chitosan functionalizatio... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165974 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165973&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21072698%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Araújo R, Fernandes M, Cavaco-Paulo A, Gomes A Hair can be engineered at different levels-its structure and surface-through modification of its constituent molecules, in particular proteins, but also the hair follicle (HF) can be genetically altered, in particular with the advent of siRNA-based applications. General aspects of hair biology are reviewed, as well as the most recent contributions to understanding hair pigmentation and the regulation of hair development. Focus will also be placed on the techniques developed specifically for delivering compounds of varying chemical nature to the HF, indicating methods for genetic/biochemical modulation of HF components for the treatment of hair diseases. Finally, hair fiber structure and chemical characteristics will be discussed ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165973 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165972&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21072699%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gentile P, Chiono V, Tonda-Turo C, Sartori S, Ciardelli G Living organisms synthesize functional materials, based on proteins and polysaccharides, using enzyme-catalyzed reactions. According to the biomimetic approach, biomaterial matrices for tissue engineering are designed to be able to mimic the properties and the functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this chapter, the most significant research efforts dedicated to the study and the preparation of biomimetic materials through enzymatic modifications were reviewed. The functionalizations of different polymeric matrices obtained through the catalytic activity of two enzymes (Transglutaminase, TGase and Tyrosinase, TYRase) were discussed. Specifically, the biomimetic applications of TGase and TYRase to confer appropr... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165972 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165971&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21072700%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thomas CR, Stenson JD, Zhang Z Many cells are considered to be susceptible to mechanical forces or "shear" in bioprocessing, leading to undesirable cell breakage or adverse metabolic effects. However, cell breakage is the aim of some processing operations, in particular high-pressure homogenisation and other cell disruption methods. In either case, the exact mechanisms of damage or disruption are obscure. One reason for this is that the mechanical properties of the cells are generally unknown, which makes investigation or prediction of the damage difficult. There are several methods for measuring the mechanical properties of single microbial cells, and these are reviewed briefly. In the context of bioprocessing research, a powerful method of characterising the mechanical prope... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165971 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165970&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21072701%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aims to test a new idea that allows to follow community dynamics on the basis of a simple concept. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes was used to describe a community profile that we define as composition of a community. Flow cytometry and analysis of DNA contents and forward scatter characteristics of the single cells were used to describe a community profile, which we define as structure of a community. Both approaches were brought together by a non-metric multidimensional scaling (n-MDS) for trend interpretation of changes in the complex community data sets. This was done on the basis of a graphical evaluation of the cytometric data, leading to the newly developed Dalmatian plot tool, which gave an unexpect... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165970 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165969&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21072702%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jakobs S, Stoldt S, Neumann D Heterogeneity in the shapes of individual multicellular organisms is a daily experience. Likewise, even a quick glance through the ocular of a light microscope reveals the morphological heterogeneities in genetically identical cultured cells, whereas heterogeneities on the level of the organelles are much less obvious. This short review focuses on intracellular heterogeneities at the example of the mitochondria and their analysis by fluorescence microscopy. The overall mitochondrial shape as well as mitochondrial dynamics can be studied by classical (fluorescence) light microscopy. However, with an organelle diameter generally close to the resolution limit of light, the heterogeneities within mitochondria cannot be resolved with conventional light... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165969 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165968&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21072703%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bley T The development of dynamic modelling of microbial populations in bioprocesses is reviewed. In the 1960s Arnold Fredrickson established the theoretical basis of such models, and other researchers have subsequently advanced them. This review explores the relationships that describe cell proliferation and evaluates the importance of the application of flow cytometry to the fundamental parameterisation of the models for their use in bioprocess engineering. The section "Individual-Based Modelling" discusses recent theoretical developments. Delay-differential equations are demonstrated to describe accurately temporal variation of the cell proliferation cycle and specialised approaches and related iconography are applied to stochastic and deterministic modelling of stages of c... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165968 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165980&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21069588%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hammes F, Berney M, Egli T Cultivation-independent assessment of bacterial viability is essential when (1) results are required fast and at high throughput, and/or (2) when the specific target or mode-of-action of a certain bactericidal process is of interest, and/or (3) when the organisms under investigation are regarded as "uncultivable". However, aside from cultivation, there exists no "silver bullet" method that demonstrates with absolute certainty whether an organism is alive or dead, and all currently available methods are prone to produce varying results with different organisms and in different environments. Here we discuss the fundamental concept of viability in bacteria, with specific focus on the main aspects that define it. It is argued that the presence of intact ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165980 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165979&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21069589%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen GQ Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of biopolyesters synthesized by many types of bacteria as carbon and energy reserve materials. PHAs combine properties of thermal processibility, biodegradability, biocompatibility and sustainability. They have attracted attention from fermentation, materials and biomedical industries. Recent environmental concerns such as CO(2) emissions and plastic pollution as well as rapid exhaustion of petroleum resources have increased public and industrial interests in these unique materials. In fact, PHA has slowly evolved into an industrial value chain ranging from microbial fermentation, bioplastic packaging, biofuel, medical implants, drug delivery, protein purification, chiral chemicals and drug development. This chapter will discus... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165979 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165978&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21069590%26dopt%3DAbstract We present two new data sets that illustrate common applications of flow cytometry in microbiology and demonstrate the application of manual data analysis, automated visualisation (including the first description of a new piece of software we are developing to facilitate this), genetic programming, principal components analysis and artificial neural nets to these data. The data analysis methods described here are equally applicable to flow cytometric applications with other cell types. PMID: 21069590 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165978 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4139534&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21049296%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jølck RI, Feldborg LN, Andersen S, Moghimi SM, Andresen TL Our ability to engineer nanomaterials for biological and medical applications is continuously increasing, and nanomaterial designs are becoming more and more complex. One very good example of this is the drug delivery field where nanoparticle systems can be used to deliver drugs specifically to diseased tissue. In the early days, the design of the nanoparticles was relatively simple, but today we can surface functionalize and manipulate material properties to target diseased tissue and build highly complex drug release mechanisms into our designs. One of the most promising strategies in drug delivery is to use ligands that target overexpressed or selectively expressed receptors on the surface of diseased cells. To uti... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4139534 Thu, 04 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4139534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4003604&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20859733%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yeniad B, Naik H, Heise A Lipases are highly active in the polymerization of a range of monomers. Both ring-opening polymerization of cyclic monomers such as lactones and carbonates as well as polycondensation reactions have been investigated in great detail. Moreover, in combination with other (chemical) polymerization techniques, lipase-catalyzed polymerization has been employed to synthesize a variety of polymer materials. Major advantages of enzymatic catalysts are the often-observed excellent regio-, chemo- and enantioselectivity that allows for the direct preparation of functional materials. In particular, the application of techniques such as Dynamic Kinetic Resolution (DKR) in the lipase-catalyzed polymerization of racemic monomers is a new development in enzymatic pol... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4003604 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4003604 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3973427&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20839082%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li JJ, Zhao F, Li J Supramolecular polymers based on cyclodextrins (CDs) have inspired interesting and rapid developments as novel biomaterials in a broad range of drug and gene delivery applications, due to their low cytotoxicity, controllable size, and unique architecture. This review will summarize the potential applications of polyrotaxanes in the field of drug delivery and gene delivery. Generally, cyclodextrin-based biodegradable polypseudorotaxane hydrogels could be used as a promising injectable drug delivery system for sustained and controlled drug release. Temperature-responsive, pH-sensitive, and controllable hydrolyzable polyrotaxane hydrogels have attracted much attention because of their controllable properties, and the self-assembly micelles formed by amphiphili... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3973427 Mon, 13 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3973427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3915803&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20803145%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: El Backly RM, Cancedda R The being of any individual throughout life is a dynamic process relying on the capacity to retain processes of self-renewal and differentiation, both of which are hallmarks of stem cells. Although limited in the adult human organism, regeneration and repair do take place in virtue of the presence of adult stem cells. In the bone marrow, two major populations of stem cells govern the dynamic equilibrium of both hemopoiesis and skeletal homeostasis; the hematopoietic and the mesenchymal stem cells. Recent cell based clinical trials utilizing bone marrow-derived stem cells as therapeutic agents have revealed promising results, while others have failed to display as such. It is therefore imperative to strive to understand the mechanisms by which these cel... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3915803 Thu, 26 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3915803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3915802&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20803146%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stamm C, Klose K, Choi YH Regenerative medicine encompasses "tissue engineering" - the in vitro fabrication of tissues and/or organs using scaffold material and viable cells - and "cell therapy" - the transplantation or manipulation of cells in diseased tissue in vivo. In the cardiovascular system, tissue engineering strategies are being pursued for the development of viable replacement blood vessels, heart valves, patch material, cardiac pacemakers and contractile myocardium. Anecdotal clinical applications of such vessels, valves and patches have been described, but information on systematic studies of the performance of such implants is not available, yet. Cell therapy for cardiovascular regeneration, however, has been performed in large series of patients, and numerous cli... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3915802 Thu, 26 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3915802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3759391&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20625955%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Elad T, Lee JH, Gu MB, Belkin S The coming of age of whole-cell biosensors, combined with the continuing advances in array technologies, has prepared the ground for the next step in the evolution of both disciplines - the whole cell array. In the present chapter, we highlight the state-of-the-art in the different disciplines essential for a functional bacterial array. These include the genetic engineering of the biological components, their immobilization in different polymers, technologies for live cell deposition and patterning on different types of solid surfaces, and cellular viability maintenance. Also reviewed are the types of signals emitted by the reporter cell arrays, some of the transduction methodologies for reading these signals, and the mathematical approaches pro... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3759391 Sat, 17 Jul 2010 05:12:04 +0100 3759391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3710875&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20582527%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li Z, Ji X, Kan S, Qiao H, Jiang M, Lu D, Wang J, Huang H, Jia H, Ouyuang P, Ying H Fossil resources, i.e. concentrated carbon from biomass, have been irrecoverably exhausted through modern industrial civilization in the last two hundred years. Serious consequences including crises in resources, environment and energy, as well as the pressing need for direct and indirect exploitation of solar energy, pose challenges to the science and technology community of today. Bioenergy, bulk chemicals, and biomaterials could be produced from renewable biomass in a biorefinery via biocatalysis. These sustainable industries will match the global mass cycle, creating a new form of civilization with new industries and agriculture driven by solar energy. Industrial biotechnology is the dynamo... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3710875 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3710875 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3710874&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20582528%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tan T, Yu J, Lu J, Zhang T The Chinese government is stimulating the biofuels development to replace partially fossil fuels in the transport sector, which can enhance energy security, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and stimulate rural development. Bioethanol, biodiesel, biobutanol, biogas, and biohydrogen are the main biofuels developed in China. In this chapter, we mainly present the current status of biofuel development in China, and illustrate the issues of feedstocks, food security and conversion processes. PMID: 20582528 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3710874 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3710874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3673207&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549466%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang J, Huang L, Lin J, Xu Z, Cen P Over the last 20 years, China has successfully established a modern biotechnology industry from almost nothing. Presently, China is a major producer of a vast array of products involving bioprocesses, for some China is even the world's top producer. The ever-increasing list of products includes organic acids, amino acids, antibiotics, solvents, chiral chemicals, biopesticides, and biopolymers. Herein, the research and development of bioprocesses in China will be reviewed briefly. We will concentrate on three categories of products: small molecules produced via fermentation, biopolymers produced via fermentation and small chemicals produced by enzyme-catalyzed reactions. In comparison with the traditional chemical process, in which, nonrenew... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3673207 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3673207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3673206&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549467%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cantz T, Martin U The induction of pluripotency in somatic cells is widely considered as a major breakthrough in regenerative medicine, because this approach provides the basis for individualized stem cell-based therapies. Moreover, with respect to cell transplantation and tissue engineering, expertise from bioengineering to transplantation medicine is now meeting basic research of stem cell biology.In this chapter, we discuss techniques, potential and possible risks of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in the light of needs for patient-derived pluripotent stem cells. To this end, we compare these cells with other sources of pluripotent cells and discuss the first encouraging results of iPS cells in pharmacological research, disease modeling and cell transplantation, provid... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3673206 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3673206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3673205&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549468%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pei D, Xu J, Zhuang Q, Tse HF, Esteban MA The potential of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for regenerative medicine is unquestionable, but practical and ethical considerations have hampered clinical application and research. In an attempt to overcome these issues, the conversion of somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells similar to ESCs, commonly termed nuclear reprogramming, has been a top objective of contemporary biology. More than 40 years ago, King, Briggs, and Gurdon pioneered somatic cell nuclear reprogramming in frogs, and in 1981 Evans successfully isolated mouse ESCs. In 1997 Wilmut and collaborators produced the first cloned mammal using nuclear transfer, and then Thomson obtained human ESCs from in vitro fertilized blastocysts in 1998. Over the last 2 decades ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3673205 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3673205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3655834&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20535602%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaneda S, Fujii T Using unique physical phenomena at the microscale, such as laminar flow, mixing by diffusion, relative increase of the efficiency of heat exchange, surface tension and friction due to the increase of surface-to-volume ratio by downscaling, research in the field of microfluidic devices, aims at miniaturization of (bio)chemical apparatus for high-throughput analyses. Microchannel networks as core components of microfluidic devices are fabricated on various materials, such as silicon, glass, polymers, metals, etc., using microfabrication techniques adopted from the semiconductor industry and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, enabling integration of the components capable of performing various operations in microchannel networks. This chapter desc... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3655834 Tue, 08 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3655834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3655833&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20535603%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goepfert C, Slobodianski A, Schilling AF, Adamietz P, Pörtner R Mesenchymal progenitor cells known as multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been isolated from various tissues. Since they are able to differentiate along the mesenchymal lineages of cartilage and bone, they are regarded as promising sources for the treatment of skeletal defects. Tissue regeneration in the adult organism and in vitro engineering of tissues is hypothesized to follow the principles of embryogenesis. The embryonic development of the skeleton has been studied extensively with respect to the regulatory mechanisms governing morphogenesis, differentiation, and tissue formation. Various concepts have been designed for engineering tissues in vitro based on these deve... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3655833 Mon, 03 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3655833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3480395&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20396995%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang S, Cao X, Chu J, Qian J, Zhuang Y Along with the rapid development of life science, great attention has been increasingly given to the biotechnological products of cell cultivation technology. In the course of industrialization, bioreactor and bioproduct separation techniques are the two essential technical platforms. In this chapter, the current situation and development prospects of bioreactor techniques in China are systematically discussed, starting with the elucidation of bioreactor processes and the principle of process optimization. Separation technology for biological products is also briefly introduced.At present, a series of bioreactors made by Chinese enterprises have been widely used for laboratory microbial cultivation, process optimization studies, and larg... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3480395 Tue, 13 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3480395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3399794&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20309674%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ribitsch I, Burk J, Delling U, Geißler C, Gittel C, Jülke H, Brehm W Stem cells play an important role in veterinary medicine in different ways. Currently several stem cell therapies for animal patients are being developed and some, like the treatment of equine tendinopathies with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have already successfully entered the market. Moreover, animal models are widely used to study the properties and potential of stem cells for possible future applications in human medicine. Therefore, in the young and emerging field of stem cell research, human and veterinary medicine are intrinsically tied to one another. Many of the pioneering innovations in the field of stem cell research are achieved by cooperating teams of human and veterinary medical sci... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3399794 Tue, 23 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3399794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3399793&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20309675%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wiechert W, Noack S, Elsheikh A Biochemical network modeling and simulation is an essential task in any systems biology project. The systems biology markup language (SBML) was established as a standardized model exchange language for mechanistic models. A specific strength of SBML is that numerous tools for formulating, processing, simulation and analysis of models are freely available. Interestingly, in the field of multidisciplinary simulation, the problem of model exchange between different simulation tools occurred much earlier. Several general modeling languages like Modelica have been developed in the 1990s. Modelica enables an equation based modular specification of arbitrary hierarchical differential algebraic equation models. Moreover, libraries for special applicatio... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3399793 Tue, 23 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3399793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3379825&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20237903%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wolbank S, van Griensven M, Grillari-Voglauer R, Peterbauer-Scherb A Human amniotic membrane is a highly promising cell source for tissue engineering. The cells thereof, human amniotic epithelial cells (hAEC) and human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSC), may be immunoprivileged, they represent an early developmental status, and their application is ethically uncontroversial. Cell banking strategies may use freshly isolated cells or involve in vitro expansion to increase cell numbers. Therefore, we have thoroughly characterized the effect of in vitro cultivation on both phenotype and differentiation potential of hAEC. Moreover, we present different strategies to improve expansion including replacement of animal-derived supplements by human platelet products or the intro... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3379825 Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3379825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372334&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20232191%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nishizaka T The final goal of our group is to establish the missing link between chemical reaction and mechanical event in molecular motors. To achieve this, we have developed advanced versions of conventional optical microscopes and applied them into single-molecule techniques. In this chapter we present two studies: one is about the kinesin-microtubule system and the other F(1)-ATPase. These techniques are applicable to other molecular machines, hopefully in more sophisticated ways, and we hope to investigate this in future studies. PMID: 20232191 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372334 Tue, 16 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316331&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20186528%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vijayendran C, Flaschel E Since expression profiling methods have been available in a high throughput fashion, the implication of these technologies in the field of biotechnology has increased dramatically. Microarray technology is one such unique and efficient methodology for simultaneous exploration of expression levels of numerous genes. Likewise, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis or multidimensional liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry are extensively utilised for studying expression levels of numerous proteins. In the field of biotechnology these highly parallel analytical methods have paved the way to study and understand various biological phenomena depending on expression patterns. The next phenomenological level is represented by the metabolome and t... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316331 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3316331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316330&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20186529%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Klein-Marcuschamer D, Yadav VG, Ghaderi A, Stephanopoulos GN The uncertain price and tight supply of crude oil and the ever-increasing demand for clean energy have prompted heightened attention to the development of sustainable fuel technologies that ensure continued economic development while maintaining stewardship of the environment. In the face of these enormous challenges, biomass has emerged as a viable alternative to petroleum for the production of energy, chemicals, and materials owing to its abundance, inexpensiveness, and carbon-neutrality. Moreover, the immense ease and efficiency of biological systems at converting biomass-derived feedstocks into fuels, chemicals, and materials has generated renewed interest in biotechnology as a replacement for traditional chemica... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316330 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3316330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3312102&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20182927%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fuchs S, Dohle E, Kolbe M, Kirkpatrick CJ Endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood or cord blood are attracting increasing interest as a potential cell source for cellular therapies aiming to enhance the neovascularization of tissue engineered constructs or ischemic tissues. The present review focus on a specific population contained in endothelial progenitor cell cultures designated as outgrowth endothelial cells (OEC) or endothelial colony forming cells from peripheral blood or cord blood. Special attention will be paid to what is currently known in terms of the origin and the cell biological or functional characteristics of OEC. Furthermore, we will discuss current concepts, how OEC might be integrated in complex tissue engineered constructs based on biomaterial o... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3312102 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3312102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3312101&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20182928%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this chapter is to review the metabolic engineering efforts carried out with E. coli by manipulating the central carbon metabolism and fermentative pathways to obtain strains that produce metabolites with high titers, such as ethanol, alanine, lactate and succinate. PMID: 20182928 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3312101 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3312101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3312100&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20182929%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weckbecker A, Gröger H, Hummel W Dehydrogenases which depend on nicotinamide coenzymes are of increasing interest for the preparation of chiral compounds, either by reduction of a prochiral precursor or by oxidative resolution of their racemate. The regeneration of oxidized and reduced nicotinamide cofactors is a very crucial step because the use of these cofactors in stoichiometric amounts is too expensive for application. There are several possibilities to regenerate nicotinamide cofactors: established methods such as formate/formate dehydrogenase (FDH) for the regeneration of NADH, recently developed electrochemical methods based on new mediator structures, or the application of gene cloning methods for the construction of "designed" cells by heterologous expression of... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3312100 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3312100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3312099&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20182930%26dopt%3DAbstract We report on new routes for the synthesis of oligosaccharides (OS), with emphasis on enzymatic reactions, since they offer unique properties, proceeding highly regio- and stereoselective in water solution, and providing for high yields in general. PMID: 20182930 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3312099 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3312099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255309&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20140656%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Biedendieck R, Bunk B, Fürch T, Franco-Lara E, Jahn M, Jahn D Over the last two decades the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus megaterium was systematically developed to a useful alternative protein production host. Multiple vector systems for high yield intra- and extracellular protein production were constructed. Strong inducible promoters were combined with DNA sequences for optimised ribosome binding sites, various leader peptides for protein export and N- as well as C-terminal affinity tags for affinity chromatographic purification of the desired protein. High cell density cultivation and recombinant protein production were successfully tested. For further system biology based control and optimisation of the production process the genomes of two B. megaterium strains w... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255309 Sat, 06 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3255309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255308&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20140657%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wittmann C The Gram-positive soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum was discovered as a natural overproducer of glutamate about 50 years ago. Linked to the steadily increasing economical importance of this microorganism for production of glutamate and other amino acids, the quest for efficient production strains has been an intense area of research during the past few decades. Efficient production strains were created by applying classical mutagenesis and selection and especially metabolic engineering strategies with the advent of recombinant DNA technology. Hereby experimental and computational approaches have provided fascinating insights into the metabolism of this microorganism and directed strain engineering. Today, C. glutamicum is applied to the industrial production... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255308 Sat, 06 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3255308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255307&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20140658%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee SY, Park JH Random mutation and selection or targeted metabolic engineering without consideration of its impact on the entire metabolic and regulatory networks can unintentionally cause genetic alterations in the region, which is not directly related to the target metabolite. This is one of the reasons why strategies for developing industrial strains are now shifted towards targeted metabolic engineering based on systems biology, which is termed systems metabolic engineering. Using systems metabolic engineering strategies, all the metabolic engineering works are conducted in systems biology framework, whereby entire metabolic and regulatory networks are thoroughly considered in an integrated manner. The targets for purposeful engineering are selected after all possible eff... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255307 Sat, 06 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3255307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255306&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20140659%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lapin A, Klann M, Reuss M Agent-based models are rigorous tools for simulating the interactions of individual entities, such as organisms or molecules within cells and assessing their effects on the dynamic behavior of the system as a whole. In context with bioprocess and biosystems engineering there are several interesting and important applications. This contribution aims at introducing this strategy with the aid of two examples characterized by striking distinctions in the scale of the individual entities and the mode of their interactions. In the first example a structured-segregated model is applied to travel along the lifelines of single cells in the environment of a three-dimensional turbulent field of a stirred bioreactor. The modeling approach is based on an Euler-Lag... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255306 Sat, 06 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3255306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255305&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20140660%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baumstark-Khan C, Hellweg CE, Reitz G With the dramatic increase in the number of new agents arising from the chemical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries, there is an urgent need to develop assays for rapid evaluation of potential risks to man and environment. The panel of conventional tests used for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity and the strategies to progress from small scale assays to high content screening in toxicology are discussed. The properties of components necessary as sensors and reporters for new reporter assays, and the application of genetic strategies to design assays are reviewed. The concept of cellular reporters is based on the use of promoters of chemical stress-regulated genes ligated to a suitable luminescent or fluorescent reporter gene. Current... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255305 Sat, 06 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3255305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3201141&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20091287%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weber C, Pohl S, Poertner R, Pino-Grace P, Freimark D, Wallrapp C, Geigle P, Czermak P Cell based therapy promises the treatment of many diseases like diabetes mellitus, Parkinson disease or stroke. Microencapsulation of the cells protects them against host-vs-graft reactions and thus enables the usage of allogenic cell lines for the manufacturing of cell therapeutic implants. The production process of such implants consists mainly of the three steps expansion of the cells, encapsulation of the cells, and cultivation of the encapsulated cells in order to increase their vitality and thus quality. This chapter deals with the development of fixed-bed bioreactor-based cultivation procedures used in the first and third step of production. The bioreactor system for the expansion of ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3201141 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3201141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3201140&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20091288%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kuhbier JW, Weyand B, Radtke C, Vogt PM, Kasper C, Reimers K While bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are known and have been investigated for a long time, mesenchymal stem cells derived from the adipose tissue were identified as such by Zuk et al. in 2001. However, as subcutaneous fat tissue is a rich source which is much more easily accessible than bone marrow and thus can be reached by less invasive procedures, adipose-derived stem cells have moved into the research spotlight over the last 8 years.Isolation of stromal cell fractions involves centrifugation, digestion, and filtration, resulting in an adherent cell population containing mesenchymal stem cells; these can be subdivided by cell sorting and cultured under common conditions.They seem to have comparable pro... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3201140 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3201140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3201139&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20091289%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bullerjahn GS, Boyanapalli R, Rozmarynowycz MJ, McKay RM Due to their ubiquity in aquatic environments and their contribution to total biomass, especially in oligotrophic systems, cyanobacteria can be viewed as a proxy for primary productivity in both marine and fresh waters. In this chapter we describe the development and use of picocyanobacterial bioreporters to measure the bioavailability of nutrients that may constrain total photosynthesis in both lacustrine and marine systems. Issues pertaining to bioreporter construction, performance and field applications are discussed. Specifically, luminescent Synechococcus spp. and Synechocystis spp. bioreporters are described that allow the bioavailability of phosphorus, nitrogen and iron to be accurately measured in environmental s... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3201139 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3201139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3201138&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20091290%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Date A, Pasini P, Daunert S Luminescent whole-cell biosensing systems have been developed for a variety of analytes of environmental, clinical, and biological interest. These analytical tools allow for sensitive, rapid, simple, and inexpensive quantitative detection of target analytes. Furthermore, they can be designed to be nonspecific, semispecific, or highly specific/selective. A notable feature of such sensing systems employing living cells is that they provide information on the analyte bioavailability and activity. These characteristics, along with their suitability to miniaturization, make cell-based sensors ideal for field applications. However, a major limitation to on-site use is their "shelf-life." To address this problem, various methods for preservation of sensing... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3201138 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3201138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3201137&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20091291%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Banerjee P, Franz B, Bhunia AK Use of living cells or cellular components in biosensors is receiving increased attention and opens a whole new area of functional diagnostics. The term "mammalian cell-based biosensor" is designated to biosensors utilizing mammalian cells as the biorecognition element. Cell-based assays, such as high-throughput screening (HTS) or cytotoxicity testing, have already emerged as dependable and promising approaches to measure the functionality or toxicity of a compound (in case of HTS); or to probe the presence of pathogenic or toxigenic entities in clinical, environmental, or food samples. External stimuli or changes in cellular microenvironment sometimes perturb the "normal" physiological activities of mammalian cells, thus allowing CBBs to screen,... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3201137 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3201137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3194653&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20087723%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shimomura-Shimizu M, Karube I Since the first microbial cell sensor was studied by Karube et al. in 1977, many types of microbial cell sensors have been developed as analytical tools. The microbial cell sensor utilizes microbes as a sensing element and a transducer. The characteristics of microbial cell sensors as sensing devices are a complete contrast to those of enzyme sensors or immunosensors, which are highly specific for the substrates of interest, although the specificity of the microbial cell sensor has been improved by genetic modification of the microbe used as the sensing element. Microbial cell sensors have the advantages of tolerance to measuring conditions, a long lifetime, and good cost performance, and have the disadvantage of a long response time. In this revi... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3194653 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3194653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3194652&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20087724%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shimomura-Shimizu M, Karube I Since the first microbial cell sensor was studied by Karube et al. in 1977, many types of yeast based sensors have been developed as analytical tools. Yeasts are known as facultative anaerobes. Facultative anaerobes can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The yeast based sensor consisted of a DO electrode and an immobilized omnivorous yeast. In yeast based sensor development, many kinds of yeast have been employed by applying their characteristics to adapt to the analyte. For example, Trichosporon cutaneum was used to estimate organic pollution in industrial wastewater. Yeast based sensors are suitable for online control of biochemical processes and for environmental monitoring. In this review, principles and applications of yeast ba... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3194652 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3194652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3194651&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20087725%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ron EZ, Rishpon J One of the recently developed monitoring technologies involves the use of whole cell biosensors. Such biosensors can be constructed to detect expression of genes of interest and the effect of the environment on this expression. These biosensors are essential for monitoring environmental stress, such as general toxicity or specific toxicity caused by pollutants. Currently, a large spectrum of microbial biosensors have been developed that enable the monitoring of gene expression by measuring light, fluorescence, color, or electric current. The electrochemical monitoring is of special interest for in situ measurements as it can be performed using simple, compact, and mobile equipment and is easily adaptable for online measurements. Here we survey the potential a... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3194651 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3194651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968176&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19888561%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu Y, Wang D, Fan WL, Mu XQ, Chen J The earliest industrial biotechnology originated in ancient China and developed into a vibrant industry in traditional Chinese liquor, rice wine, soy sauce, and vinegar. It is now a significant component of the Chinese economy valued annually at about 150 billion RMB. Although the production methods had existed and remained basically unchanged for centuries, modern developments in biotechnology and related fields in the last decades have greatly impacted on these industries and led to numerous technological innovations. In this chapter, the main biochemical processes and related technological innovations in traditional Chinese biotechnology are illustrated with recent advances in functional microbiology, microbial ecology, solid-state fermen... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968176 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895400&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19826777%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yamagata Y A new methodology for fabricating thin film or micro patters of organic/bio material using surface acoustic wave (SAW) atomizer and electrostatic deposition is proposed and characteristics of atomization techniques are discussed in terms of drop size and atomization speed. Various types of SAW atomizer are compared with electrospray and conventional ultrasonic atomizers. It has been proved that SAW atomizers generate drops as small as electrospray and have very fast atomization speed. This technique is applied to fabrication of micro patterns of proteins. According to the result of immunoassay, the specific activity of immunoglobulin was preserved after deposition process. PMID: 19826777 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engine... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895400 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2895400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895399&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19826778%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saito M, Hiep HM, Nagatani N, Tamiya E With recent advances in nanotechnology, development of nanomaterial bioconjugates is growing exponentially towards eventual translation into biomolecular recognition layers on surfaces. Label-free monitoring of biorecognition events is also key-technology and provides a promising platform, which is simple, cost-effective, and requires no external modification to biomolecules. In this review, we describe the application of nanomaterials, mainly metal nanoparticles, and -specific applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based label-free approaches. PMID: 19826778 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895399 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2895399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2745821&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19714316%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Onodera K The development of the molecular biology of bacteriophage such as T4, lambda and filamentous phages was described and the process that the fundamental knowledge obtained in this field has subsequently led us to the technology of phage display was introduced. PMID: 19714316 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2745821 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2745821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2675303&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19655102%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu SJ, Liu L, Chaudhry MT, Wang L, Chen YG, Zhou Q, Liu H, Chen J Environmental biotechnology has emerged as an important measure to tackle the environmental pollution as China experiences great economic success. Over the past decade, much emphasis has been paid to the following fields in environmental biotechnology: microbial degradation of toxic and organic chemicals, bio-treatment of wastewater, waste recycling. The Chinese researchers have done a lot of work to understand the natural degradation processes for organic and toxic compounds and finally to clean these compounds from polluted environments. For the treatment of wastewater, many new processes were proposed and optimized to meet the more strict effluent standards in China. Finally, more and more attention has been... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2675303 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2675303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2668557&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19649586%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kikuchi K Cellular imaging has achieved many new biological findings, among them GFP and other fluorescent proteins and small molecule based fluorescent sensors have been widely used, especially in the last decade. The design concept and application of chemical sensors are described, these being FRET based sensors and Zn(2+) sensors.Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been used extensively as the designing principle for fluorescent sensor molecules. One of the most significant advantages of designing sensor molecules with FRET modulation is that it can enable ratiometric measurement in living cells, which reduces the artifact from microscopic imaging systems. The design strategy for the development of small molecular FRET sensors is described in terms of avoiding... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2668557 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2668557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2635107&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19623477%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yu HL, Xu JH, Lu WY, Lin GQ The importance of chiral issues in active pharmaceutical ingredients has been widely recognized not only by pharmacologists, but also by chemists, chemical engineers and administrators. In fact, the worldwide sales of single-enantiomer drugs have exceeded US $150 billion. Among them the contribution rate of biocatalysis technology is ever increasing (up to 15-20%). This chapter will focus on the biocatalytic synthesis of chiral compounds useful for pharmaceutical industry. Diverse enzymes, such as oxidoreductases, epoxide hydrolases, nitrilases/nitrile hydratases and hydroxy nitrile lyases which were isolated from various sources including microorganisms and plants, and the methodology for utilizing these enzymes in enantioselective or asymmetric sy... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2635107 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2635107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2635106&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19623478%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ravisé A, Cameau E, De Abreu G, Pralong A Modern biotechnology has grown over the last 35 years to a maturing industry producing and delivering high-value biopharmaceuticals that yield important medical and economical benefits. The constantly increasing need for biopharmaceuticals and significant costs related to time-consuming R&D work makes this industry risky and highly competitive. This trend is confirmed by the important number of biopharmaceuticals that are actually under development at all stages by all major pharmaceutical industry companies. A consequence of this evolution is an increasing need for development and manufacturing capacity. The build up of traditional - stainless steel - technology is complicated, time consuming and very expensive. The decision ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2635106 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2635106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2615543&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19609497%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rudolph G, Lindner P, Bluma A, Joeris K, Martinez G, Hitzmann B, Scheper T To observe and control cultivation processes, optical sensors are used increasingly. Important parameters for controlling such processes are cell count, cell size distribution, and the morphology of cells. Among turbidity measurement methods, imaging procedures are applied for determining these process parameters. A disadvantage of most previously developed imaging procedures is that they are only available offline which requires sampling. On the other hand, available imaging inline probes can so far only deliver a limited number of process parameters. This chapter presents new optical procedures for the inline determination of cell count, cell size distribution, and other parameters. In particular, by ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2615543 Wed, 15 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2615543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549142&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19547941%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Torii T When quantitative analysis or quantitative chemical synthesis is performed using a micrototal analysis system (microTAS), the technologies for precise metering, transporting, and mixing of droplets are required. In this chapter, several technologies for the handling of droplets are described. For metering, dispensing and transporting of droplets, pneumatic and electrokinetic forces are used. Separation of cells and particles is also performed by electrical operation. Other handling technique, such as ultrasonic or centrifugal force applications, are also reviewed. Robotic synthesis devices or high throughput screening devices are promising applications for these technologies. PMID: 19547941 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engine... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549142 Mon, 22 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2549142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549147&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19543702%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hynninen A, Virta M Whole-cell bioreporters are living microorganisms that produce a specific, quantifiable output in response to target chemicals. Typically, whole-cell bioreporters combine a sensor element for the substance of interest and a reporter element coding for an easily detectable protein. The sensor element is responsible for recognizing the presence of an analyte. In the case of metal bioreporters, the sensor element consists of a DNA promoter region for a metal-binding transcription factor fused to a promoterless reporter gene that encodes a signal-producing protein.In this review, we provide an overview of specific whole-cell bioreporters for heavy metals. Because the sensing of metals by bioreporter microorganisms is usually based on heavy metal resistance/home... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549147 Thu, 18 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2549147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549146&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19543703%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reifferscheid G, Buchinger S Genotoxicity test systems that are based on bacteria display an important role in the detection and assessment of DNA damaging chemicals. They belong to the basic line of test systems due to their easy realization, rapidness, broad applicability, high sensitivity and good reproducibility. Since the development of the Salmonella microsomal mutagenicity assay by Ames and coworkers in the early 1970s, significant development in bacterial genotoxicity assays was achieved and is still a subject matter of research. The basic principle of the mutagenicity assay is a reversion of a growth inhibited bacterial strain, e.g., due to auxotrophy, back to a fast growing phenotype (regain of prototrophy). Deeper knowledge of the -mutation events allows a mechanist... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549146 Thu, 18 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2549146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549145&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19543704%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Henriques JG, Buziol S, Stocker E, Voogd A, Menezes JC Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a process monitoring and process supervision technique is reviewed in the context of biomanufacturing.An industrial pilot-plant mammalian cell cultivation process has been chosen to illustrate the use of on-line in-situ NIR monitoring by means of an immersion transflectance NIR probe.NIR calibration development must be performed carefully and should incorporate a number of steps to obtain a properly validated model which exhibits long-term robustness and is independent of process scale. A description of such good modelling practises is given. In general, NIR can be as accurate as the reference methods employed and at least as precise provided that sufficient spectral selectivity and sens... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549145 Thu, 18 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2549145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549144&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19543705%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Almog R, Daniel R, Vernick S, Ron A, Ben-Yoav H, Shacham-Diamand Y The use of on-chip cellular activity monitoring for biological/chemical sensing is promising for environmental, medical and pharmaceutical applications. The miniaturization revolution in microelectronics is harnessed to provide on-chip detection of cellular activity, opening new horizons for miniature, fast, low cost and portable screening and monitoring devices. In this chapter we survey different on-chip cellular activity detection technologies based on electrochemical, bio-impedance and optical detection. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell-on-chip technologies are mentioned and reviewed. PMID: 19543705 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549144 Thu, 18 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2549144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549143&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19543706%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu J, Zeng F, Weisel RD, Li RK Congestive heart failure, which often occurs progressively following a myocardial infarction, is characterized by impaired myocardial perfusion, ventricular dilatation, and cardiac dysfunction. Novel treatments are required to reverse these effects - especially in older patients whose endogenous regenerative responses to currently available therapies are limited by age. This review explores the current state of research for two related approaches to cardiac regeneration: cell therapy and tissue engineering. First, to evaluate cell therapy, we review the effectiveness of various cell types for their ability to limit ventricular dilatation and promote functional recovery following implantation into a damaged heart. Next, to assess tissue engineerin... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549143 Thu, 18 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2549143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549148&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19533060%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lam H, Kostov Y In this chapter the optical sensors for oxygen, pH, carbondioxide and optical density (OD) which are essential for bioprocess monitoring are introduced, their measurement principles are explained and their realization and applications are shown. In addition sensors for ethanol and GFP are presented. With the exception of the optical density sensor all others employ certain fluorophores that are sensitive to the designated parameter. These fluorophores along with their optical properties, the sensing mechanisms and their mathematical formulations are described. An important part of this chapter covers the development of the optoelectronic hardware for low cost systems that are able to measure the fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence intensity ratio. The employ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549148 Mon, 15 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2549148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472168&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19517075%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brecht R Modern biopharmaceutical development is characterised by deep understanding of the structure activity relationship of biological drugs. Therefore, the production process has to be tailored more to the product requirements than to the existing equipment in a certain facility. In addition, the major challenges for the industry are to lower the high production costs of biologics and to shorten the overall development time. The flexibility for providing different modes of operation using disposable bioreactors in the same facility can fulfil these demands and support tailor-made processes.Over the last 10 years, a huge and still increasing number of disposable bioreactors have entered the market. Bioreactor volumes of up to 2,000 L can be handled by using disposable bag s... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472168 Thu, 11 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472182&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19513633%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zweigerdt R Stem cells have been envisioned to become an unlimited cell source for regenerative medicine. Notably, the interest in stem cells lies beyond direct therapeutic applications. They might also provide a previously unavailable source of valuable human cell types for screening platforms, which might facilitate the development of more efficient and safer drugs. The heterogeneity of stem cell types as well as the numerous areas of application suggests that differential processes are mandatory for their in vitro culture. Many of the envisioned applications would require the production of a high number of stem cells and their derivatives in scalable, well-defined and potentially clinical compliant manner under current good manufacturing practice (cGMP). In this review we p... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472182 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472284&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19499206%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eltzov E, Marks RS Different whole cell fiber optic based biosensors have been developed to detect the total effect of a wide range of environmental pollutants, providing results within a very short period. These biosensors are usually built from three major components, the biorecognition element (whole-cells) intimately attached to a transducer (optic fiber) using a variety of techniques (adsorption, covalent binding, polymer trapping, etc). Even with a great progress in the field of biosensors, there is still a serious lack of commercial applications, capable of competing with traditional analytical tools. PMID: 19499206 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472284 Fri, 05 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472273&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19499207%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ni Q, Zhang J Our understanding of cellular signaling is critically dependent on our ability to visualize and quantify specific signaling events with high spatial and temporal resolution in the cellular context. Over the past decade or so, biosensors based on fluorescent proteins and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) have emerged as one major class of fluorescent probes that are capable of tracking a variety of cellular signaling events, such as second messenger dynamics and enzyme activation/activity, in time and space. Here we review recent advances in the development of such biosensors and some biological insights revealed by these biosensors in living cells, tissue, and organisms. PMID: 19499207 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Bioch... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472273 Fri, 05 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472303&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19495683%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Amit M, Itskovitz-Eldor J Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells isolated from the mammalian blastocyst. Traditionally, these cells have been derived and cultured with mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) supportive layers, which allow their continuous growth in an undifferentiated state. However, for any future industrial or clinical application hESCs should be cultured in reproducible, defined, and xeno-free culture system, where exposure to animal pathogens is prevented. From their derivation in 1998 the methods for culturing hESCs were significantly improved. This chapter wills discuss hESC characterization and the basic methods for their derivation and maintenance. PMID: 19495683 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechn... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472303 Wed, 03 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472228&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19499208%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Catapano G, Patzer JF, Gerlach JC Acute liver failure (ALF) is a devastating diagnosis with an overall survival of approximately 60%. Liver transplantation is the therapy of choice for ALF patients but is limited by the scarce availability of donor organs. The prognosis of ALF patients may improve if essential liver functions are restored during liver failure by means of auxiliary methods because liver tissue has the capability to regenerate and heal. Bioartificial liver (BAL) approaches use liver tissue or cells to provide ALF patients with liver-specific metabolism and synthesis products necessary to relieve some of the symptoms and to promote liver tissue regeneration. The most promising BAL treatments are based on the culture of tissue engineered (TE) liver constructs, wit... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472228 Thu, 28 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472400&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19475376%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhong JJ, Xiao JH Medicinal higher fungi such as Cordyceps sinensis and Ganoderma lucidum have been used as an alternative medicine remedy to promote health and longevity for people in China and other regions of the world since ancient times. Nowadays there is an increasing public interest in the secondary metabolites of those higher fungi for discovering new drugs or lead compounds. Current research in drug discovery from medicinal higher fungi involves a multifaceted approach combining mycological, biochemical, pharmacological, metabolic, biosynthetic and molecular techniques. In recent years, many new secondary metabolites from higher fungi have been isolated and are more likely to provide lead compounds for new drug discovery, which may include chemopreventive agents posse... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472400 Tue, 26 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472382&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19475377%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen J, Zheng RC, Zheng YG, Shen YC Biotransformation of nitriles mediated by nitrile-amide converting enzymes has attracted considerable attention and developed tremendously in the recent years in China since it offers a valuable alternative to traditional chemical reaction which required harsh conditions. As a result, an upsurge of these promising enzymes (including nitrile hydratase, nitrilase and amidase) has been taking place. This review aims at describing these enzymes in detail. A variety of microorganisms harboring nitrile-amide converting activities have been isolated and identified in China, some of which have already applied with moderate success. Currently, a wide range of high-value compounds such as aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic and heterocyclic amides and thei... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472382 Tue, 26 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472597&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19475368%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ripp S Considered the most abundant organism on Earth, at a population approaching 10(31), bacteriophage, or phage for short, mediate interactions with myriad bacterial hosts that has for decades been exploited in phage typing schemes for signature identification of clinical, food-borne, and water-borne pathogens. With over 5,000 phage being morphologically characterized and grouped as to susceptible host, there exists an enormous cache of bacterial-specific sensors that has more recently been incorporated into novel bio-recognition assays with heightened sensitivity, specificity, and speed. These assays take many forms, ranging from straightforward visualization of labeled phage as they attach to their specific bacterial hosts to reporter phage that genetically deposit tracka... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472597 Thu, 21 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472551&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19475369%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fleming JT The direct interfacing of living cells with inorganic electronic materials, components or systems has led to the development of two broad categories of devices that can (1) transduce biochemical signals generated by biological components into electrical signals and (2) transduce electronically generated signals into biochemical signals. The first category of devices permits the monitoring of living cells, the second, enables control of cellular processes. This review will survey this exciting area with emphasis on the fundamental issues and obstacles faced by researchers. Devices and applications that use both prokaryotic (microbial) and eukaryotic (mammalian) cells will be covered. Individual devices described include microbial biofuel cells that produce electricit... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472551 Thu, 21 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472531&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19475370%26dopt%3DAbstract This article describes the uses of live cell optical sensing for probing cell biology and ligand pharmacology, with an emphasis of resonant waveguide grating biosensor cellular assays for high throughput applications. PMID: 19475370 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472531 Thu, 21 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472511&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19475371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Diplock EE, Alhadrami HA, Paton GI Bioreporters have been widely acknowledged to represent new and novel approaches in applied microbiology. Despite a plethora of constructions covering a diverse range of detection devices and host organisms, genuine applications are rare. Here, their application in the areas of general environmental microbiology, analytical detection and bioremediation are summarised and critically considered. Future applications require a more integrated approach such that those constructing bioreporters are aware of the needs of the end-user. A decade ago, predictions were made of the pivotal role of bioreporters and our future reliance; this fortune telling may take another decade to reach fruition. PMID: 19475371 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (S... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472511 Thu, 21 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472489&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19475372%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Colpo P, Ruiz A, Ceriotti L, Rossi F The interaction of biological systems with synthetic material surfaces is an important issue for many biological applications such as implanted devices, tissue engineering, cell-based sensors and assays, and more generally biologic studies performed ex vivo. To ensure reliable outcomes, the main challenge resides in the ability to design and develop surfaces or artificial micro-environment that mimic 'natural environment' in interacting with biomolecules and cells without altering their function and phenotype. At this effect, microfabrication, surface chemistry and material science play a pivotal role in the design of advanced in-vitro systems for cell culture applications. In this chapter, we discuss and describe different techniques enabl... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472489 Thu, 21 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472470&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19475373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Glindkamp A, Riechers D, Rehbock C, Hitzmann B, Scheper T, Reardon KF For better control of productivity and product quality, detailed monitoring of various parameters is required. Since disposable bioreactors become more and more important for biotechnological applications, adequate sensors for this type of reactor are necessary. The required properties of sensors used in disposable reactors differ from those of sensors for multiuse reactors. For example, sensors which are in direct contact with the medium must be inexpensive, but do not need a long life-time, since they can be used only once.This chapter gives an overview on the state of the art and future trends in the field of sensors suited for use in disposable bioreactors. The main focus here is on in situ sensors, whic... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472470 Thu, 21 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472446&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19475374%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reardon KF, Zhong Z, Lear KL For monitoring and treatment of soil and water, environmental scientists and engineers require measurements of the concentration of chemical contaminants. Although laboratory-based methods relying on gas or liquid chromatography can yield very accurate measurements, they are also complex, time consuming, expensive, and require sample pretreatment. Furthermore, they are not readily adapted for in situ measurements.Sensors are devices that can provide continuous, in situ measurements, ideally without the addition of reagents. A biosensor incorporates a biological component coupled to a transducer, which translates the interaction between the analyte and the biocomponent into a signal that can be processed and reported. A wide range of transducers hav... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472446 Thu, 21 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472420&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19475375%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ducos JP, Terrier B, Courtois D PMID: 19475375 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472420 Thu, 21 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472353&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19475378%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu P, Feng J, Yu B, Li F, Ma C PMID: 19475378 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472353 Thu, 21 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472197&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19499209%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang X, Stettler M, Sanctis DD, Perrone M, Parolini N, Discacciati M, Jesus MD, Hacker D, Quarteroni A, Wurm F Driven by the commercial success of recombinant biopharmaceuticals, there is an increasing demand for novel mammalian cell culture bioreactor systems for the rapid production of biologicals that require mammalian protein processing. Recently, orbitally shaken bioreactors at scales from 50 mL to 1,000 L have been explored for the cultivation of mammalian cells and are considered to be attractive alternatives to conventional stirred-tank bioreactors because of increased flexibility and reduced costs. Adequate oxygen transfer capacity was maintained during the scale-up, and strategies to increase further oxygen transfer rates (OTR) were explored, while maintaining favor... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472197 Thu, 21 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472745&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19373447%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun Y, Liu FF, Shi QH Preparative liquid chromatography is widely used for the purification of chemical and biological substances. Different from high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of many different components at minimized sample loading, high-performance preparative chromatography is of much larger scale and should be of high resolution and high capacity at high operation speed and low to moderate pressure drop. There are various approaches to this end. For biochemical engineers, the traditional way is to model and optimize a purification process to make it exert its maximum capability. For high-performance separations, however, we need to improve chromatographic technology itself. We herein discuss four approaches in this review, mainly based on the rece... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472745 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472726&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19373448%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paek KY, Murthy HN, Hahn EJ, Zhong JJ Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is one of the most famous oriental medicinal plants used as crude drugs in Asian countries, and now it is being used worldwide for preventive and therapeutic purposes. Among diverse constituents of ginseng, saponins (ginsenosides) have been found to be major components responsible for their biological and pharmacological actions. On the other hand, difficulties in the supply of pure ginsenosides in quantity prevent the development of ginseng for clinical medicines. Cultivation of ginseng in fields takes a long time, generally 5-7 years, and needs extensive effort regarding quality control since growth is susceptible to many environmental factors including soil, shade, climate, pathogens and pests. To sol... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472726 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472708&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19373449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu XW, Yu HQ, Ni BJ, Sheng GP Recently extensive studies have been carried out to cultivate aerobic granular sludge worldwide, including in China. Aerobic granules, compared with conventional activated sludge flocs, are well known for their regular, dense, and strong microbial structure, good settling ability, high biomass retention, and great ability to withstand shock loadings. Studies have shown that the aerobic granules could be applied for the treatment of low- or high-strength wastewaters, simultaneous removal of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and decomposition of toxic wastewaters. Thus, this new form of activate sludge, like anaerobic granular sludge, could be employed for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters in near future. This chapter att... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472708 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472689&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19373450%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gottschalk U Disposable equipment has been used for many years in the downstream processing industry, but mainly for filtration and buffer/media storage. Over the last decade, there has been increasing interest in the use of disposable concepts for chromatography, replacing steel and glass fixed systems with disposable plastic modules that can be discarded once exhausted, fouled or contaminated. These modules save on cleaning and validation costs, and their reduce footprints reduce buffer consumption, water for injection, labor and facility space, contributing to an overall reduction in expenditure that lowers the cost of goods. This chapter examines the practical and economic benefits of disposable modules in downstream processing. PMID: 19373450 [PubMed - as supplied by ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472689 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472668&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19373451%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Geraerts M, Verfaillie CM The discovery of adult stem cells in most adult tissues is the basis of a number of clinical studies that are carried out, with therapeutic use of hematopoietic stem cells as a prime example. Intense scientific debate is still ongoing as to whether adult stem cells may have a greater plasticity than previously thought. Although cells with some features of embryonic stem cells that, among others, express Oct4, Nanog and SSEA1 are isolated from fresh tissue, it is not clear if the greater differentiation potential is acquired during cell culture. Moreover, adult more pluripotent cells do not have all pluripotent characteristics typical for embryonic stem cells. Recently, some elegant studies were published in which adult cells could be completely reprog... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472668 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472646&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19373452%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang Y Some high value proteins and vaccines for medical and veterinary applications by animal cell culture have an increasing market in China. In order to meet the demands of large-scale productions of proteins and vaccines, animal cell culture technology has been widely developed. In general, an animal cell culture process can be divided into two stages in a batch culture. In cell growth stage a high specific growth rate is expected to achieve a high cell density. In production stage a high specific production rate is stressed for the expression and secretion of qualified protein or replication of virus. It is always critical to maintain high cell viability in fed-batch and perfusion cultures. More concern has been focused on two points by the researchers in China. First, t... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472646 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472626&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19373453%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eibl R, Werner S, Eibl D Today wave-mixed bag bioreactors are common devices in modern biotechnological processes where simple, safe and flexible production has top priority. Numerous studies that have been published on ex vivo generation of cells, viruses and therapeutic agents during the last 10 years have confirmed their suitability and even superiority to stirred bioreactors made from glass or stainless steel for animal as well as plant cell cultivations. In these studies the wave-mixed bag bioreactors enabled middle to high cell density and adequate productivity in laboratory and pilot scale. This mainly results from low-shear conditions and highly efficient oxygen transfer for cell cultures, as demonstrated for the widely used BioWave((R)).Starting with an overview of wa... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472626 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472603&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19384530%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eibl R, Eibl D In order to increase process efficiency, many pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have introduced disposable bag technology over the last 10 years. Because this technology also greatly reduces the risk of cross-contamination, disposable bags are preferred in applications in which an absolute or improved process safety is a necessity, namely the production of functional tissue for implantation (tissue engineering), the production of human cells for the treatment of cancer and immune system diseases (cellular therapy), the production of viruses for gene therapies, the production of therapeutic proteins, and veterinary as well as human vaccines. Bioreactors with a pre-sterile cultivation bag made of plastic material are currently used in both development and... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472603 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472778&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19347267%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tolosa L PMID: 19347267 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472778 Sat, 04 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472763&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19347268%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bosio A, Huppert V, Donath S, Hennemann P, Malchow M, Heinlein UA PMID: 19347268 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472763 Sat, 04 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472843&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19343303%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gruh I, Martin U Recently a large amount of new data on the plasticity of stem cells of various lineages have emerged, providing new perspectives especially for the therapeutic application of adult stem cells. Previously unknown possibilities of cell differentiation beyond the known commitment of a given stem cell have been described using keywords such as "blood to liver," or "bone to brain." Controversies on the likelihood, as well as the biological significance, of these conversions almost immediately arose within this young field of stem cell biology. This chapter will concentrate on these controversies and focus on selected examples demonstrating the technical aspects of stem cell transdifferentiation and the evaluation of the tools used to analyze these events. PMID:... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472843 Sat, 28 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472792&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19343308%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hatakeyama H, Akita H, Kogure K, Harashima H In this review we introduce a new concept for developing a nonviral gene delivery system which we call "Programmed Packaging." Based on this concept, we succeeded in developing a multifunctional envelope-type nano device (MEND), which exerts high transfection activities equivalent to those of an adenovirus in a dividing cell. The use of MEND has been extended to in vivo applications. PEG/peptide/DOPE ternary conjugate (PPD)-MEND, a new in vivo gene delivery system for the targeting of tumor cells that dissociates surface-modified PEG in tumor tissue by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and exerts significant transfection activities, was developed. In parallel with the development of MEND, a quantitative gene delivery system, Confocal I... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472792 Sat, 28 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472832&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19343304%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mitalipov S, Wolf D Mammalian development commences with the totipotent zygote which is capable of developing into all the specialized cells that make up the adult animal. As development unfolds, cells of the early embryo proliferate and differentiate into the first two lineages, the pluripotent inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. Pluripotent cells can be isolated, adapted and propagated indefinitely in vitro in an undifferentiated state as embryonic stem cells (ESCs). ESCs retain their ability to differentiate into cells representing the three major germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm or ectoderm or any of the 200+ cell types present in the adult body. Since many human diseases result from defects in a single cell type, pluripotent human ESCs represent an unlimited source of a... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472832 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472832 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472821&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19343305%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morozov VN This chapter describes the basic physics underlying the newly emerging technique of electrospray deposition (ESD) as applied to biological macromolecules. Fabrication of protein films and microarrays are considered as the most important applications of this technology. All the major stages in the ESD process (solution electrification, formation of a cloud of charged microdroplets, transformation of microdroplets into ions and charged clusters, deposition, and neutralization) are discussed to reveal the physical processes involved, such as space charge effects, dissipation of energy upon landing and neutralization mechanisms. Fundamentals of ESD are presented together with a discussion of potential practical problems in realizing ESD through dielectric masks. Retenti... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472821 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472819&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19343306%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sato K, Kitamori T This chapter reviews the development of fundamental technologies required for microchip-based bioreactors utilizing living mammalian cells and pressure driven flow. The most important factor in the bioreactor is the cell culture. For proper cell culturing, continuous medium supply from a microfluidic channel and appropriate modification of the channel surface to accommodate cell attachment is required. Moreover, the medium flow rate should be chosen carefully, because shear stress affects cell activity. The techniques presented here could be applied to the development of micro bioreactors such as microlivers, pigment production by plant cells, and artificial insemination. PMID: 19343306 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472819 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472805&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19343307%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ikai A Since its introduction in 1986, AFM has been applied to biological studies along with its widespread use in physics, chemistry and engineering fields. Due to its dual capabilities of imaging nano-materials with an atomic level resolution and of directly manipulating samples with high precision, AFM is now considered an indispensable instrument for nano-technological researchers especially in physically oriented fields. In biology in general, however, and in biotechnology in particular, its usefulness must be critically examined and, if necessary as it certainly is, further explored from a practical point of view. In this review, a new trend of applying AFM based technology to elucidate the mechanical basis of the cellular structure and its interaction with the extracell... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472805 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283572&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19290495%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wendt D, Riboldi SA, Cioffi M, Martin I In this Chapter we discuss the role of bioreactors in the translational paradigm of Tissue Engineering approaches from basic research to streamlined tissue manufacturing. In particular, we will highlight their functions as: (1) Pragmatic tools for tissue engineers, making up for limitations of conventional manual and static techniques, enabling automation and allowing physical conditioning of the developing tissues; (2) 3D culture model systems, enabling us to recapitulate specific aspects of the actual in vivo milieu and, when properly integrated with computational modeling efforts and sensing and control techniques, to address challenging scientific questions; (3) Tissue manufacturing devices, implementing bioprocesses so as to support... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283572 Mon, 23 Mar 2009 02:18:50 +0100 2283572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283569&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19290496%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mertsching H, Hansmann J Cardiovascular tissue engineering is a fast evolving field of biomedical science and technology to manufacture viable blood vessels, heart valves, myocar-dial substitutes and vascularised complex tissues. In consideration of the specific role of the haemodynamics of human circulation, bioreactors are a fundamental of this field. The development of perfusion bioreactor technology is a consequence of successes in extracorporeal circulation techniques, to provide an in vitro environment mimicking in vivo conditions. The bioreactor system should enable an automatic hydrodynamic regime control. Furthermore, the systematic studies regarding the cellular responses to various mechanical and biochemical cues guarantee the viability, bio-monitoring, testing, sto... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283569 Mon, 23 Mar 2009 02:18:50 +0100 2283569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283566&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19290497%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dennis RG, Smith B, Philp A, Donnelly K, Baar K Muscle tissue bioreactors are devices which are employed to guide and monitor the development of engineered muscle tissue. These devices have a modern history that can be traced back more than a century, because the key elements of muscle tissue bioreactors have been studied for a very long time. These include barrier isolation and culture of cells, tissues and organs after isolation from a host organism; the provision of various stimuli intended to promote growth and maintain the muscle, such as electrical and mechanical stimulation; and the provision of a perfusate such as culture media or blood derived substances. An accurate appraisal of our current progress in the development of muscle bioreactors can only be made in the con... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283566 Mon, 23 Mar 2009 02:18:50 +0100 2283566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283563&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19290498%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haj AJ, Hampson K, Gogniat G The challenges for the tissue engineering of connective tissue lie in creating off-the-shelf tissue constructs which are capable of providing organs for transplantation. These strategies aim to grow a complex tissue with the appropri ate mechanical integrity necessary for functional load bearing. Monolayer culture systems lack correlation with the in vivo environment and the naturally occur ring cell phenotypes. Part of the development of more recent models is to create growth environments or bioreactors which enable three-dimensional culture. Evidence suggests that in order to grow functional load-bearing tissues in a bioreactor, the cells must experience mechanical loading stimuli similar to that experienced in vivo which sets out the requirement... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283563 Mon, 23 Mar 2009 02:18:50 +0100 2283563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283562&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19290499%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Griensven M, Diederichs S, Roeker S, Boehm S, Peterbauer A, Wolbank S, Riechers D, Stahl F, Kasper C Fracture healing is a complicated process involving many growth factors, cells, and physical forces. In cases, where natural healing is not able, efforts have to be undertaken to improve healing. For this purpose, tissue engineering may be an option. In order to stimulate cells to form a bone tissue several factors are needed: cells, scaffold, and growth factors. Stem cells derived from bone marrow or adipose tissues are the most useful in this regard. The differentiation of the cells can be accelerated using mechanical stimulation. The first part of this chapter describes the influence of longitudinal strain application. The second part uses a sophisticated approach with s... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283562 Mon, 23 Mar 2009 02:18:50 +0100 2283562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283560&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19290500%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Concaro S, Gustavson F, Gatenholm P The cartilage regenerative medicine field has evolved during the last decades. The first-generation technology, autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) involved the transplantation of in vitro expanded chondrocytes to cartilage defects. The second generation involves the seeding of chondrocytes in a three-dimensional scaffold. The technique has several potential advantages such as the ability of arthroscopic implantation, in vitro pre-differentiation of cells and implant stability among others (Brittberg M, Lindahl A, Nilsson A, Ohlsson C, Isaksson O, Peterson L, N Engl J Med 331(14):889-895, 1994; Henderson I, Francisco R, Oakes B, Cameron J, Knee 12(3):209-216, 2005; Peterson L, Minas T, Brittberg M, Nilsson A, Sjogren-Jansson E, Lind... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283560 Mon, 23 Mar 2009 02:18:50 +0100 2283560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283558&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19290501%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pörtner R, Goepfert C, Wiegandt K, Janssen R, Ilinich E, Paetzold H, Eisenbarth E, Morlock M Technical aspects play an important role in tissue engineering. Especially an improved design of bioreactors is crucial for cultivation of artificial three-dimensional tissues in vitro. Here formation of cartilage-carrier-constructs is used to demonstrate that the quality of the tissue can be significantly improved by using optimized culture conditions (oxygen concentration, growth factor combination) as well as special bioreactor techniques to induce fluid-dynamic, hydrostatic or mechanical load during generation of cartilage. PMID: 19290501 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283558 Mon, 23 Mar 2009 02:18:50 +0100 2283558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283556&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19290502%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eibl R, Eibl D In order to increase process efficiency, many pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have introduced disposable bag technology over the last 10 years. Because this technology also greatly reduces the risk of cross-contamination, disposable bags are preferred in applications in which an absolute or improved process safety is a necessity, namely the production of functional tissue for implantation (tissue engineering), the production of human cells for the treatment of cancer and immune system diseases (cellular therapy), the production of viruses for gene therapies, the production of therapeutic proteins, and veterinary as well as human vaccines.Bioreactors with a pre-sterile cultivation bag made of plastic material are currently used in both development and ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283556 Mon, 23 Mar 2009 02:18:50 +0100 2283556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283555&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19290503%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Melero-Martin JM, Santhalingam S, Al-Rubeai M Expansion of the cell population in vitro has become an essential step in the process of tissue engineering and also the systematic optimization of culture conditions is now a fundamental problem that needs to be addressed. Herein, we provide a rational methodology for searching culture conditions that optimize the acquisition of large quantities of cells following a sequential expansion process. In particular, the analysis of both seeding density and passage length was consid ered crucial, and their correct selection should be taken as a requisite to establish culture conditions for monolayer systems. This methodology also introduces addi tional considerations concerning the running cost of the expansion process. The selection of ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283555 Mon, 23 Mar 2009 02:18:50 +0100 2283555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283554&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19290504%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Singh H, Hutmacher DW The hydrodynamic environment "created" by bioreactors for the culture of a tissue engineered construct (TEC) is known to influence cell migration, proliferation and extra cellular matrix production. However, tissue engineers have looked at bioreactors as black boxes within which TECs are cultured mainly by trial and error, as the complex relationship between the hydrodynamic environment and tissue properties remains elusive, yet is critical to the production of clinically useful tissues. It is well known in the chemical and biotechnology field that a more detailed description of fluid mechanics and nutrient transport within process equipment can be achieved via the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. Hence, the coupling of experimental m... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283554 Mon, 23 Mar 2009 02:18:50 +0100 2283554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283552&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19290505%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weyand B, Israelowitz M, von Schroeder HP, Vogt PM The following chapter summarizes principles of fluid dynamics in bioreactor design with a focus on mammalian cell-culture systems. PMID: 19290505 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283552 Mon, 23 Mar 2009 02:18:50 +0100 2283552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2041782&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19082807%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Singh H, Hutmacher DW The hydrodynamic environment "created" by bioreactors for the culture of a tissue engineered construct (TEC) is known to influence cell migration, proliferation and extra cellular matrix production. However, tissue engineers have looked at bioreactors as black boxes within which TECs are cultured mainly by trial and error, as the complex relationship between the hydrodynamic environment and tissue properties remains elusive, yet is critical to the production of clinically useful tissues. It is well known in the chemical and biotechnology field that a more detailed description of fluid mechanics and nutrient transport within process equipment can be achieved via the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. Hence, the coupling of experimental m... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2041782 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2041782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2041781&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19082808%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pörtner R, Goepfert C, Wiegandt K, Janssen R, Ilinich E, Paetzold H, Eisenbarth E, Morlock M Technical aspects play an important role in tissue engineering. Especially an improved design of bioreactors is crucial for cultivation of artificial three-dimensional tissues in vitro. Here formation of cartilage-carrier-constructs is used to demonstrate that the quality of the tissue can be significantly improved by using optimized culture conditions (oxygen concentration, growth factor combination) as well as special bioreactor techniques to induce fluid-dynamic, hydrostatic or mechanical load during generation of cartilage . PMID: 19082808 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology) Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2041781 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2041781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2041780&cid=s_37361_70_f&fid=37361&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19082809%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eibl R, Eibl D In order to increase process efficiency, many pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have introduced disposable bag technology over the last 10 years. Because this technology also greatly reduces the risk of cross-contamination, disposable bags are preferred in applications in which an absolute or improved process safety is a necessity, namely the production of functional tissue for implantation (tissue engineering), the production of human cells for the treatment of cancer and immune system diseases (cellular therapy), the production of viruses for gene therapies, the production of therapeutic proteins, and veterinary as well as human vaccines.Bioreactors with a pre-sterile cultivation bag made of plastic material are currently used in both development and ... Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2041780 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2041780