MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Advances in Marine Biology' source. Sat, 09 Jan 2010 15:49:54 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2977873&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19895974%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reid PC, Fischer AC, Lewis-Brown E, Meredith MP, Sparrow M, Andersson AJ, Antia A, Bates NR, Bathmann U, Beaugrand G, Brix H, Dye S, Edwards M, Furevik T, Gangstø R, Hátún H, Hopcroft RR, Kendall M, Kasten S, Keeling R, Le Quéré C, Mackenzie FT, Malin G, Mauritzen C, Olafsson J, Paull C, Rignot E, Shimada K, Vogt M, Wallace C, Wang Z, Washington R The oceans play a key role in climate regulation especially in part buffering (neutralising) the effects of increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and rising global temperatures. This chapter examines how the regulatory processes performed by the oceans alter as a response to climate change and assesses the extent to which positive feedbacks from the ocean may exacerbate climate change. There... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2977873 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 21:02:03 +0100 2977873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2977872&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19895975%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Poloczanska ES, Limpus CJ, Hays GC Marine turtles are generally viewed as vulnerable to climate change because of the role that temperature plays in the sex determination of embryos, their long life history, long age-to-maturity and their highly migratory nature. Extant species of marine turtles probably arose during the mid-late Jurassic period (180-150 Mya) so have survived past shifts in climate, including glacial periods and warm events and therefore have some capacity for adaptation. The present-day rates of increase of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, and associated temperature changes, are very rapid; the capacity of marine turtles to adapt to this rapid change may be compromised by their relatively long generation times. We consider the evidence and likely co... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2977872 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 21:02:03 +0100 2977872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2977871&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19895976%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mieszkowska N, Genner MJ, Hawkins SJ, Sims DW During the course of the last century, populations of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. have undergone dramatic declines in abundance across their biogeographic range, leading to debate about the relative roles of climatic warming and overfishing in driving these changes. In this chapter, we describe the geographic distributions of this important predator of North Atlantic ecosystems and document extensive evidence for limitations of spatial movement and local adaptation from population genetic markers and electronic tagging. Taken together, this evidence demonstrates that knowledge of spatial population ecology is critical for evaluating the effects of climate change and commercial harvesting. To explore the possible effects of climate... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2977871 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 21:02:03 +0100 2977871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2977870&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19895977%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Field IC, Meekan MG, Buckworth RC, Bradshaw CJ Marine biodiversity worldwide is under increasing threat, primarily as a result of over-harvesting, pollution and climate change. Chondrichthyan fishes (sharks, rays and chimaeras) have a perceived higher intrinsic risk of extinction compared to other fish. Direct fishing mortality has driven many declines, even though some smaller fisheries persist without associated declines. Mixed-species fisheries are of particular concern, as is illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. The lack of specific management and reporting mechanisms for the latter means that many chondrichthyans might already be susceptible to extinction from stochastic processes entirely unrelated to fishing pressure itself. Chondrichthyans might also suff... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2977870 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 21:02:03 +0100 2977870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2977869&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19895978%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Penela-Arenaz M, Bellas J, Vázquez E On 19 November 2002, the oil tanker Prestige broke into two and sank in the Atlantic Ocean 260km off the north-western coast of Spain, releasing about 63,000 tonnes of Bunker C oil. The accident represented one of the largest environmental catastrophes in the history of European navigation. More than 1000km of coastline and a huge variety of habitats were affected, ranging from supralittoral, intertidal and sublittoral levels to oceanic and bathyal environments. In this chapter, we review published results regarding the impact of the Prestige oil spill on marine organisms, at levels of biological organisation ranging from the molecular to the ecosystem. Although some research is still in progress, all results indicate a strong initial ... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2977869 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 21:02:03 +0100 2977869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829127&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19595321%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mercier A, Hamel JF Most echinoderms display seasonal or other temporal cycles of reproduction that presumably result from the complex interplay of endogenous and exogenous signals. Various environmental, chemical and hormonal factors, acting directly or indirectly, individually or in combination, have been proposed to cue, favour or modulate a suite of reproductive functions from the onset of gametogenesis to gamete release. From as early as the nineteenth century, an astonishing array of studies has been published on topics related to the control of reproduction in echinoderms, ranging from fortuitous behavioural observations to complex experimental demonstrations and molecular analyses. Although the exact pathways involved in the perception of external signals and their tra... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829127 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 12:50:03 +0100 2829127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2602691&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19595320%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mercier A, Hamel JF PMID: 19595320 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Marine Biology) Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2602691 Wed, 15 Jul 2009 17:38:02 +0100 2602691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2602690&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19595321%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mercier A, Hamel JF Most echinoderms display seasonal or other temporal cycles of reproduction that presumably result from the complex interplay of endogenous and exogenous signals. Various environmental, chemical and hormonal factors, acting directly or indirectly, individually or in combination, have been proposed to cue, favour or modulate a suite of reproductive functions from the onset of gametogenesis to gamete release. From as early as the nineteenth century, an astonishing array of studies has been published on topics related to the control of reproduction in echinoderms, ranging from fortuitous behavioural observations to complex experimental demonstrations and molecular analyses. Although the exact pathways involved in the perception of external signals and their tra... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2602690 Wed, 15 Jul 2009 17:38:02 +0100 2602690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2602689&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19595322%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mercier A, Hamel JF PMID: 19595322 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Marine Biology) Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2602689 Wed, 15 Jul 2009 17:38:02 +0100 2602689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2602688&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19595323%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mercier A, Hamel JF PMID: 19595323 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Marine Biology) Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2602688 Wed, 15 Jul 2009 17:38:02 +0100 2602688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2602687&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19595324%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mercier A, Hamel JF PMID: 19595324 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Marine Biology) Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2602687 Wed, 15 Jul 2009 17:38:02 +0100 2602687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1894481&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929063%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Green BS Recently, the importance of the female to population dynamics-especially her non-genetic contribution to offspring fitness or maternal effect-has received much attention in studies of a diverse collection of animal and plant taxa. Of particular interest to fisheries scientists and managers is the role of the demographic structure of the adult component of fish populations in the formation of future year classes. Traditionally, fisheries managers tended to assess whole populations without regard to variation between the individuals within the population. In doing so, they overlooked the variation in spawning production between individual females as a source of variation to recruitment magnitude and fluctuation. Indeed, intensive and/or selective harvesting of larger an... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1894481 Wed, 22 Oct 2008 13:23:47 +0100 1894481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1894480&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929064%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wearmouth VJ, Sims DW Sexual segregation occurs when members of a species separate such that the sexes live apart, either singly or in single-sex groups. It can be broadly categorised into two types: habitat segregation and social segregation. Sexual segregation is a behavioural phenomenon that is widespread in the animal kingdom yet the underlying causes remain poorly understood. Sexual segregation has been widely studied among terrestrial mammals such as ungulates, but it has been less well documented in the marine environment. This chapter clarifies terms and concepts which have emerged from the investigation of sexual segregation in terrestrial ecology and examines how a similar methodological approach may be complicated by differences of marine species. Here we discuss th... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1894480 Wed, 22 Oct 2008 13:23:47 +0100 1894480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1894479&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929065%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sims DW The basking shark Cetorhinus maximus is the world's second largest fish reaching lengths up to 12 m and weighing up to 4 tonnes. It inhabits warm-temperate to boreal waters circumglobally and has been the subject of fisheries exploitation for at least 200 years. There is current concern over its population levels as a consequence of directed harpoon and net fisheries that in the north-east Atlantic Ocean alone took over 100,000 mature individuals between 1946 and 1997. As a consequence, it is not known whether populations are recovering or are at a fraction of their historical, pre-fishing biomass. They are currently Red-listed as vulnerable globally, and endangered in the north-east Atlantic. The basking shark is one of only three shark species that filter seawater fo... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1894479 Wed, 22 Oct 2008 13:23:47 +0100 1894479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1894478&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929066%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peterson CH, Able KW, Dejong CF, Piehler MF, Simenstad CA, Zedler JB Tidal marshes are valued, protected and restored in recognition of their ecosystem services: (1) high productivity and habitat provision supporting the food web leading to fish and wildlife, (2) buffer against storm wave damage, (3) shoreline stabilization, (4) flood water storage, (5) water quality maintenance, (6) biodiversity preservation, (7) carbon storage and (8) socio-economic benefits. Under US law, federal and state governments have joint responsibility for facilitating restoration to compensate quantitatively for ecosystem services lost because of oil spills and other contaminant releases on tidal marshes. This responsibility is now met by choosing and employing metrics (proxies) for the suite of ec... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1894478 Wed, 22 Oct 2008 13:23:47 +0100 1894478 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=953783&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17936135%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined patterns of variation in offspring size within populations using a meta-analysis of the available data for 102 species across 7 phyla. The average coefficient of variation in offspring size within populations is 9%, while some groups (e.g., direct developers) showed much more variation (15%), reflecting a fourfold difference between the largest and smallest offspring in any population. Offspring-size variation can have for reaching consequences. Offspring size affects every stage of a marine invertebrate's life history, even in species in which maternal provisioning accounts for only a small proportion of larval nutrition (i.e., planktotrophs). In species with external fertilization, larger eggs are larger targets for sperm and as such, the sperm environment may select for diff... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=953783 Tue, 16 Oct 2007 13:33:15 +0100 953783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=953782&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17936136%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Naish KA, Taylor JE, Levin PS, Quinn TP, Winton JR, Huppert D, Hilborn R The historical, political and scientific aspects of salmon hatchery programmes designed to enhance fishery production, or to recover endangered populations, are reviewed. We start by pointing out that the establishment of hatcheries has been a political response to societal demands for harvest and conservation; given this social context, we then critically examined the levels of activity, the biological risks, and the economic analysis associated with salmon hatchery programmes. A rigorous analysis of the impacts of hatchery programmes was hindered by the lack of standardized data on release sizes and survival rates at all ecological scales, and since hatchery programme objectives are rarely defined, it w... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=953782 Tue, 16 Oct 2007 13:33:15 +0100 953782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=953781&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17936137%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gowans S, Würsig B, Karczmarski L Dolphins live in complex social groupings with a wide variety of social strategies. In this chapter we investigate the role that differing habitats and ecological conditions have played in the evolution of delphinid social strategies. We propose a conceptual framework for understanding natural patterns of delphinid social structure in which the spatial and temporal predictability of resources influences the ranging patterns of individuals and communities. The framework predicts that when resources are spatially and temporally predictable, dolphins should remain resident in relatively small areas. Predictable resources are often found in complex inshore environments where dolphins may hide from predators or avoid areas with high predator d... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=953781 Tue, 16 Oct 2007 13:33:15 +0100 953781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=416047&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17298890%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leys SP, Mackie GO, Reiswig HM As the most ancient extant metazoans, glass sponges (Hexactinellida) have attracted recent attention in the areas of molecular evolution and the evolution of conduction systems but they are also interesting because of their unique histology: the greater part of their soft tissue consists of a single, multinucleate syncytium that ramifies throughout the sponge. This trabecular syncytium serves both for transport and as a pathway for propagation of action potentials that trigger flagellar arrests in the flagellated chambers. The present chapter is the first comprehensive modern account of this group and covers work going back to the earliest work dealing with taxonomy, gross morphology and histology as well as dealing with more recent studies. The ... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=416047 Thu, 15 Feb 2007 14:54:02 +0100 416047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=416046&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17298891%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garcia EG This chapter describes the development and current situation of the offshore shrimp fisheries in Iceland, Greenland, Svalbard, Jan Mayen and the Norwegian Barents Sea area, with information on the biology of Pandalus borealis and its relation to the environment. Some additional information about the inshore shrimp fisheries of Iceland and Greenland of relevance to this study is also included. The Icelandic offshore shrimp fishery started in 1975 and has formed between 68% and 94% of the annual catch of shrimp since 1984. Landings peaked at 66,000 tons in 1997. The offshore fleet increased threefold from 1983 to 1987, and catch per unit of effort doubled. The first signs of overfishing were detected in 1987, when the first total allowable catch (TAC) was set, and catc... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=416046 Thu, 15 Feb 2007 14:54:02 +0100 416046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=416045&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17298892%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fraser KP, Rogers AD Growth is a fundamental process within all marine organisms. In soft tissues, growth is primarily achieved by the synthesis and retention of proteins as protein growth. The protein pool (all the protein within the organism) is highly dynamic, with proteins constantly entering the pool via protein synthesis or being removed from the pool via protein degradation. Any net change in the size of the protein pool, positive or negative, is termed protein growth. The three inter-related processes of protein synthesis, degradation and growth are together termed protein metabolism. Measurement of protein metabolism is vital in helping us understand how biotic and abiotic factors affect growth and growth efficiency in marine animals. Recently, the developing fields o... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=416045 Thu, 15 Feb 2007 14:54:02 +0100 416045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369920&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D12094722%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zardus JD The subclass Protobranchia comprises more than 600 species of bivalves that occur throughout the world ocean. Mostly deposit feeders in soft sediments, they are abundant in the deep sea. Apomorphies that unite them as a group include gill structure, hinge conformation, shell microstructure, larval development, foot morphology, respiratory pigments, trophic mode and digestion. They are relatively small and highly conserved in form, originating in the Cambrian era. They may represent an ancestral, derived or paraphylectic group of the Bivalvia. The protobranchs include two orders, the Nuculoida and Solemyoida, which previously were classified separately in the subclasses Paleotaxodonta and Cryptodonta, respectively. They are of ecological interest and have a unique fun... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369920 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369919&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D12094723%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reynolds PD The Scaphopoda are marine infaunal carnivores that feed on foraminiferans and other microorganisms selected and manipulated by their unique feeding tentacles or captacula. Their tusk-like shell is open at both ends; the burrowing foot and captacula protrude anteriorly, while respiratory currents pass through the posterior opening. Although the scaphopods comprise one of the smallest molluskan classes in terms of species diversity, they have a worldwide distribution ranging from intertidal to depths in excess of 6000 m. Despite detailed monographic work from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, however, the biology of scaphopods is today among the least understood of mollusks. To some extent, this is related to a significant departure from more typical... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369919 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369918&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D12094724%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harasewych MG Pleurotomarioidean gastropods are continuously present in the fossil record since the Upper Cambrian and survive into the Recent fauna, thus providing rare insights into the evolutionary history of the class Gastropoda. Pleurotomarioidea achieved greatest numerical and morphological diversity during the Paleozoic, and dominated global shallow water marine gastropod faunas during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Only a single family, the Pleurotomariidae, survived the end-Cretaceous Extinction, but was restricted to deep water through most of the Cenozoic. The first living pleurotomariid was discovered during the mid-nineteenth century, along the bathyal zone of the western Atlantic. Subsequently collected specimens of these "living fossils" revealed that these animals... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369918 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369917&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D12094725%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mikkelsen PM In his contributions to the monographic series "Manual of Conchology", Henry Pilsbry reviewed the subgroup Tectibranchiata, comprising those opisthobranch snails that (at least primitively) still possess a shell (Pilsbry, 1894-1896). Exemplified by the Cephalaspidea (bubble shells), others included in this group at Pilsbry's time and since were Anaspidea (sea hares) and the shelled members of Notaspidea (side-gilled slugs) and Sacoglossa (leaf slugs). Pilsbry (and others since his time) considered tectibranchs to be the "root stock" from which more advanced gastropods such as Nudibranchia and Pulmonata were derived. Tectibranch systematics is firmly based on conchology and most species were originally described from empty shells. However, soft-anatomical character... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369917 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369916&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D12154612%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rohde K A review is given of (mainly recent) work on the biodiversity, ecology, biogeography and practical importance of marine parasites. Problems in estimating species numbers have been thoroughly discussed for free-living species, and the main points of these discussions are reviewed here. Even rough estimates of the richness of most parasite groups in the oceans are premature for the following reasons: species numbers of host groups, in particular in the deep sea and the meiofauna, are not known; most host groups have been examined only insufficiently for parasites or not at all; even in some of the best known groups, latitudinal, longitudinal and depth gradients in species richness are only poorly understood or not known at all; effects of hosts on parasite morphology and... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369916 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369915&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D12154613%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brierley AS, Thomas DN Around Antarctica the annual five-fold growth and decay of sea ice is the most prominent physical process and has a profound impact on marine life there. In winter the pack ice canopy extends to cover almost 20 million square kilometres--some 8% of the southern hemisphere and an area larger than the Antarctic continent itself (13.2 million square kilometres)--and is one of the largest, most dynamic ecosystems on earth. Biological activity is associated with all physical components of the sea-ice system: the sea-ice surface; the internal sea-ice matrix and brine channel system; the underside of sea ice and the waters in the vicinity of sea ice that are modified by the presence of sea ice. Microbial and microalgal communities proliferate on and within sea ... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369915 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369914&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D12154614%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hedley JD, Mumby PJ Coral reef communities face unprecedented pressures on local, regional and global scales as a consequence of climate change and anthropogenic disturbance. Optical remote sensing, from satellites or aircraft, is possibly the only means of measuring the effects of such stresses at appropriately large spatial scales (many thousands of square kilometres). To map key variables such as coral community structure, percentages of living coral or percentages of dead coral, a remote sensing instrument must be able to distinguish the reflectance spectra (i.e. "spectral signature", reflected light as a function of wavelength) of each category. For biotic classes, reflectance is a complex function of pigmentation, structure and morphology. Studies of coral "colour" fall ... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369914 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369913&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D12154615%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramirez Llodra E The reproductive strategies of an organism play a major role in the dynamics of the population and the biogeography and continuity of the species. Numerous processes are involved in reproduction leading to the production of offspring. Although diverse processes are involved in oogenesis (the production of eggs) and spermatogenesis (the production of sperm), the basic patterns of gametogenesis are similar amongst invertebrates, with the proliferation and differentiation of germ cells leading to the final production of mature gametes. The production of gametes, especially eggs, is energetically expensive, and therefore strongly sensitive to selective pressures. An organism can ingest and assimilate a limited amount of energy from the environment. The different w... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369913 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369912&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D12846041%26dopt%3DAbstract We present the most extensive study to date of globally compiled and analysed weight-specific growth rates in marine epi-pelagic invertebrate metazoan zooplankton. Using specified selection criteria, we analyse growth rates from a variety of zooplanktonic taxa, including both holo- and mero-planktonic forms, from over 110 published studies. Nine principal taxonomic groups are considered, the copepods (number of individual data points (n) = 2,528); crustaceans other than copepods (n = 253); cnidarians (n = 77); ctenophores (n = 27); chaetognaths (n = 87); pteropods (n = 8); polychaetes (n = 12); thaliaceans (n = 88); and larvaceans (n = 91). The copepods are further examined by subdividing them into broadcasters or sac-spawning species, and as nauplii (N1-N6), copepodites (C1-C5) and adults... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369912 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369911&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D12846042%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: von Boletzky S Recent literature on embryonic and post-embryonic development, biology and behavioural ecology of juvenile cephalopods is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on biological processes. Life-history patterns and phylogenetic systematics, which are important for a proper understanding of the evolutionary history of the cephalopods, are only briefly touched upon. Egg sizes in cephalopods range from less than 1 mm to about 30 mm in diameter, so the hatchlings emerging from the largest eggs are bigger than the adults of pygmy squid, the smallest known cephalopods. Developmental durations from spawning to hatching range from a few days (for very small eggs developing at high temperatures) to one or possibly several years (for very large eggs developing at low temperatures). Su... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369911 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369910&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D12846043%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pittman SJ, McAlpine CA Many marine species have a multi-phase ontogeny, with each phase usually associated with a spatially and temporally discrete set of movements. For many fish and decapod crustaceans that live inshore, a tri-phasic life cycle is widespread, involving: (1) the movement of planktonic eggs and larvae to nursery areas; (2) a range of routine shelter and foraging movements that maintain a home range; and (3) spawning migrations away from the home range to close the life cycle. Additional complexity is found in migrations that are not for the purpose of spawning and movements that result in a relocation of the home range of an individual that cannot be defined as an ontogenetic shift. Tracking and tagging studies confirm that life cycle movements occur across a... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369910 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369909&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D12846044%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cutts CJ Copepods are useful as food for marine fish cultivation, in terms of both nutrition and ease of culture. Harpacticoid copepods are favoured over calanoids, since harpacticoids, as a result of their benthic habitat, can be reared at much higher densities. However, their benthic nature also makes mass culture difficult, since large surface areas must be provided. Within Harpacticoida, Tisbe spp. seem most useful, having high overall fecundity, and positive phototaxis of the nauplii. Harpacticoids can synthesise de novo several nutritionally important essential fatty acids (EFA), making them desirable as food for rearing marine fish. However, a diet rich in EFAs (e.g. animal derived feed) improves the productivity of copepod cultures, suggesting that the synthesis of EFA... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369909 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369908&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14601411%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gooday AJ Foraminiferal research lies at the border between geology and biology. Benthic foraminifera are a major component of marine communities, highly sensitive to environmental influences, and the most abundant benthic organisms preserved in the deep-sea fossil record. These characteristics make them important tools for reconstructing ancient oceans. Much of the recent work concerns the search for palaeoceanographic proxies, particularly for the key parameters of surface primary productivity and bottom-water oxygenation. At small spatial scales, organic flux and pore-water oxygen profiles are believed to control the depths at which species live within the sediment (their 'microhabitats'). Epifaunal/shallow infaunal species require oxygen and labile food and prefer relative... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369908 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369907&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14601412%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Subramoniam T, Gunamalai V Emerita is a burrowing mole crab or sand crab, adapted to life in wave-washed sandy beaches of temperate and tropical seas. The reproductive biology of this anomuran crab presents several peculiarities, all contributing to its adaptation to this harsh environmental niche. We discuss the following aspects: 1) sex ratio and size at sexual maturity, 2) neoteny and protandric hermaphroditism, 3) mating behaviour and sperm transfer strategy, 4) synchronisation of moulting and reproduction, 5) environmental impact on reproductive cycle and egg production, 6) biochemistry of yolk utilisation and energetics, 7) larval development, dispersal and settlement and 8) the value of Emerita as indicator species. These aspects are discussed in the light of the life h... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369907 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369906&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14601413%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Coles SL, Brown BE Coral bleaching, i.e., loss of most of the symbiotic zooxanthellae normally found within coral tissue, has occurred with increasing frequency on coral reefs throughout the world in the last 20 years, mostly during periods of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Experiments and observations indicate that coral bleaching results primarily from elevated seawater temperatures under high light conditions, which increases rates of biochemical reactions associated with zooxanthellar photosynthesis, producing toxic forms of oxygen that interfere with cellular processes. Published projections of a baseline of increasing ocean temperature resulting from global warming have suggested that annual temperature maxima within 30 years may be at levels that will cause freque... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369906 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369905&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14601414%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dalsgaard J, St John M, Kattner G, Müller-Navarra D, Hagen W Fatty acids have been used as qualitative markers to trace or confirm predator-prey relationships in the marine environment for more than thirty years. More recently, they have also been used to identify key processes impacting the dynamics of some of the world's major ecosystems. The fatty acid trophic marker (FATM) concept is based on the observation that marine primary producers lay down certain fatty acid patterns that may be transferred conservatively to, and hence can be recognized in, primary consumers. To identify these fatty acid patterns the literature was surveyed and a partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis of the data was performed, validating the specificity of particular microalgal FATM. Micr... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369905 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369904&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14725255%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 14725255 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Advances in Marine Biology) Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369904 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369903&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15596166%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Southward AJ, Langmead O, Hardman-Mountford NJ, Aiken J, Boalch GT, Dando PR, Genner MJ, Joint I, Kendall MA, Halliday NC, Harris RP, Leaper R, Mieszkowska N, Pingree RD, Richardson AJ, Sims DW, Smith T, Walne AW, Hawkins SJ Long-term research in the western English Channel, undertaken by the marine laboratories in Plymouth, is described and details of survey methods, sites, and time series given in this chapter. Major findings are summarized and their limitations outlined. Current research, with recent reestablishment and expansion of many sampling programmes, is presented, and possible future approaches are indicated. These unique long-term data sets provide an environmental baseline for predicting complex ecological responses to local, regional, and global environmental cha... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369903 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369902&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15596167%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Queiroga H, Blanton J We summarize what is known of the biophysical interactions that control vertical migration and dispersal of decapod larvae, asking the following main questions: How common is vertical migration in decapod crustacean larvae? What is the vertical extent of the migrations? What are the behavioural mechanisms that control vertical migrations? How does vertical migration interact with the physics of the ocean to control the dispersal of larvae? These questions are analysed by first giving a synopsis of the physical processes that are believed to significantly affect horizontal transport, and then by describing migration patterns according to taxon, to ecological category based on the habitat of adults and larvae, and to stage within the larval series. Some kin... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369902 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369901&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15596168%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Braithwaite RA, McEvoy LA The fish farming industry suffers significantly from the effects of biofouling. The fouling of cages and netting, which is costly to remove, is detrimental to fish health and yield and can cause equipment failure. With rapid expansion of the aquaculture industry, coupled with the tightening of legislation on the use of antifouling biocides, the problems of fish farm biofouling are increasing. The nature of the biological communities that develop on fish farm equipment and the antifouling practices that can be employed to reduce it are described here. Particular emphasis is placed on antifouling legislature and the future needs of the industry. The biological communities that develop on fish cages and netting are distinctive, in comparison to those tha... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369901 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369900&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15596169%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frangoulis C, Christou ED, Hecq JH We compare the nature of copepod outfluxes of nonliving matter, the factors controlling their rate and their fate, and finally their role, particularly their relative importance in the carbon and nitrogen cycle. Copepods release dissolved matter through excretion and respiration and particulate matter through production of faecal pellets, carcasses, moults, and dead eggs. Excretion liberates several organic C, N, and P compounds and inorganic N and P compounds, with inorganic compounds constituting the larger part. The faecal pellets of copepods are covered by a peritrophic membrane and have a highly variable size and content. There is less information on the nature of other copepod particulate products. The weight-specific rates of posthatch... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369900 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369899&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15797449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Canfield DE, Kristensen E, Thamdrup B PMID: 15797449 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Advances in Marine Biology) Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369899 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369898&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16503428%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bell JD, Munro JL, Nash WJ, Rothlisberg PC, Loneragan NR, Ward RD, Andrew NR PMID: 16503428 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Advances in Marine Biology) Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369898 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369897&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16782450%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lewis JB Millepores are colonial polypoidal hydrozoans secreting an internal calcareous skeleton of an encrusting or upright form, often of considerable size. Defensive polyps protruding from the skeleton are numerous and highly toxic and for this reason millepores are popularly known as "stinging corals" or "fire corals." In shallow tropical seas millepore colonies are conspicuous on coral reefs and may be locally abundant and important reef-framework builders. The history of systematic research on the Milleporidae and the sister family Stylasteridae is rich and full with the works of early naturalists beginning with Linnaeus. Seventeen living millepore species are recognised. Marked phenotypic variation in form and structure of colonies is characteristic of the genus Millepo... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369897 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369896&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16782451%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harborne AR, Mumby PJ, Micheli F, Perry CT, Dahlgren CP, Holmes KE, Brumbaugh DR Caribbean coral reef habitats, seagrass beds and mangroves provide important goods and services both individually and through functional linkages. A range of anthropogenic factors are threatening the ecological and economic importance of these habitats and it is vital to understand how ecosystem processes vary across seascapes. A greater understanding of processes will facilitate further insight into the effects of disturbances and assist with assessing management options. Despite the need to study processes across whole seascapes, few spatially explicit ecosystem-scale assessments exist. We review the empirical literature to examine the role of different habitat types for a range of processes. Th... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369896 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369895&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16782452%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Collins MA, Rodhouse PG The Southern Ocean cephalopod fauna is distinctive, with high levels of endemism in the squid and particularly in the octopodids. Loliginid squid, sepiids and sepiolids are absent from the Southern Ocean, and all the squid are oceanic pelagic species. The octopodids dominate the neritic cephalopod fauna, with high levels of diversity, probably associated with niche separation. In common with temperate cephalopods, Southern Ocean species appear to be semelparous, but growth rates are probably lower and longevity greater than temperate counterparts. Compared with equivalent temperate species, eggs are generally large and fecundity low, with putative long development times. Reproduction may be seasonal in the squid but is extended in the octopodids. Cephal... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369895 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369894&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16782453%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tarasov VG This review is based on integrated studies of the composition, structure and function of shallow-water ecosystems in the western Pacific that are influenced by underwater gas-hydrothermal activity. Most of the data were collected from 1985 to 1997 by the Institute of Marine Biology of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Science during expeditions to zones of modern volcanism. Gas-hydrothermal activity of volcanoes has a great influence on the physicochemical characteristics of the water column and plankton, and of bottom sediment and benthic communities. The abundance of nutrients (SiO(3)(2-), PO(4)(3-), NO(3)(-)), gases (CO(2), CH(4), H(2), H(2)S) and other reduced compounds (C(n)H(n), S(0), S(2)O(3)(2-), NH(4)(+)) in zones of shallow-water hydrothermal v... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369894 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369893&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16905425%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garcia EG This review focuses on the history and management of the Iceland scallop fishery in Iceland, Greenland and Norway (including the Svalbard archipelago and the islands of Bjørnøya and Jan Mayen), with information on research into each stock. The start of the fishery in all these regions followed the discovery of virgin scallop beds made up of old, large specimens in very high densities. Despite the apparent similarity of original conditions, the fishery has followed very different trends in each region, with drastic declines in Iceland, Svalbard and Jan Mayen. The general biology of the Iceland scallop is summarised and compared with the biology of other North Atlantic species of pectinids. The Icelandic fishery dates from 1969. There was a steady decrease in catch f... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369893 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369892&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16905426%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leis JM A pelagic larval stage is found in nearly all demersal marine teleost fishes, and it is during this pelagic stage that the geographic scale of dispersal is determined. Marine biologists have long made a simplifying assumption that behaviour of larvae--with the possible exception of vertical distribution--has negligible influence on larval dispersal. Because advection by currents can take place over huge scales during a pelagic larval stage that typically lasts for several days to several weeks, this simplifying assumption leads to the conclusion that populations of marine demersal fishes operate over, and are connected over, similar huge scales. This conclusion has major implications for our perception of how marine fish populations operate and for our management of th... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369892 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369891&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16905427%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Montgomery JC, Jeffs A, Simpson SD, Meekan M, Tindle C The pelagic life history phase of reef fishes and decapod crustaceans is complex, and the evolutionary drivers and ecological consequences of this life history strategy remain largely speculative. There is no doubt, however, that this life history phase is very significant in the demographics of reef populations. Here, we initially discuss the ecology and evolution of the pelagic life histories as a context to our review of the role of acoustics in the latter part of the pelagic phase as the larvae transit back onto a reef. Evidence is reviewed showing that larvae are actively involved in this transition. They are capable swimmers and can locate reefs from hundreds of metres if not kilometres away. Evidence also shows that... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369891 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=369890&cid=s_34380_62_f&fid=34380&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16905428%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arndt CE, Swadling KM This review concerns crustaceans that associate with sea ice. Particular emphasis is placed on comparing and contrasting the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice habitats, and the subsequent influence of these environments on the life history strategies of the crustacean fauna. Sea ice is the dominant feature of both polar marine ecosystems, playing a central role in physical processes and providing an essential habitat for organisms ranging in size from viruses to whales. Similarities between the Arctic and Antarctic marine ecosystems include variable cover of sea ice over an annual cycle, a light regimen that can extend from months of total darkness to months of continuous light and a pronounced seasonality in primary production. Although there are many similar... Advances in Marine Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=369890 Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:15:02 +0100 369890