MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Ageing Research Reviews' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 09:43:25 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5668638&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22306790%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abdelmohsen K, Srikantan S, Kang MJ, Gorospe M Abstract Senescence represents a state of indefinite growth arrest in cells that have reached their replicative life span, have become damaged, or express aberrant levels of cancer-related proteins. While senescence is widely considered to represent tumor-suppressive mechanism, the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues of older organisms is believed to underlie age-associated losses in physiologic function and age-related diseases. With the emergence of microRNAs (miRNAs) as a major class of molecular regulators of senescence, we review the transcriptional and post-transcriptional factors that control senescence-associated microRNA biosynthesis. Focusing on their enhancement or repression of senescence, we describe the tr... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5668638 Sat, 28 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5668638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5668639&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22306229%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bijlsma AY, Meskers CG, Westendorp RG, Maier AB Abstract Low muscle mass at older age has been associated with functional impairments, cognitive decline and mortality. The term sarcopenia, coined in 1988, has been used interchangeably to describe low muscle mass, strength, and function. Without a well defined definition, results of studies using the term sarcopenia cannot be compared. Difficulties in defining sarcopenia parallel the history of defining osteoporosis. To understand critical steps that are needed to reach consensus in defining age-related diseases, we have identified milestones in the history of defining osteoporosis and compared these to sarcopenia. As a result, the main missing steps in the process of defining sarcopenia are: specific treatment options, pha... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5668639 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5668639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594169&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240208%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Srinivasan S, Gross TS, Bain SD Abstract Physical exercise is thought to hold promise as a non-invasive countermeasure against skeletal fragility arising from post-menopausal and age-related osteoporosis. Importantly, mechanical loading and exercise are capable of increasing bone size via periosteal expansion, which by far, is the most effective means of strengthening the structure of a given bone. The focus of this review was to therefore explore whether exercise has the potential to increase periosteal modeling and bone size in the senescent skeleton. A survey of exercise trials in humans suggests that exercise interventions that enhance periosteal modeling in the young skeleton fail to do the same in the elderly skeleton. Underlying this ineffectiveness, in vitro studie... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594169 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5594169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5523530&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22115588%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: He Y, Wu Y, Mishra A, Acha V, Andrews T, Hornsby PJ Abstract Cell- and tissue-based biosensors comprise genetically engineered proteins that are incorporated into cells ex vivo or into cells of tissues in vivo. They enable the investigator to sense levels of hormones, drugs, or toxins, continuously and noninvasively, using biophotonics or other physical principles, and could potentially be used over the entire lifespan of an experimental animal. The present work reviews the state of the art of cell- and tissue-based biosensors and discusses how they could be of value in aging research. Examples of recently developed biosensors are given, including those that detect levels of a cytokine (TNFα) and drugs (activators of the mTOR pathway). Finally, we discuss the hurdles that... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5523530 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 20:48:11 +0100 5523530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433733&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22101330%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Vries NM, van Ravensberg CD, Hobbelen HH, Olde Rikkert MG, Staal JB, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MW Abstract This is the first meta-analysis focusing on elderly patients with mobility problems, physical disability and/or multi-morbidity. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of physical exercise therapy on mobility, physical functioning, physical activity and quality of life. A broad systematic literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PEDro and The Cochrane Library. Relevant study characteristics were reviewed and meta-analyses using standardized mean differences (SMDs) were performed. The results show that physical exercise therapy has a positive effect on mobility (SMD final value: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.30; SMD change value: 0.82; 95... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433733 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5433733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433734&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22101329%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wosiski-Kuhn M, Stranahan AM Abstract Early developmental experience shapes neuronal circuits and influences the trajectory of cognitive aging. Just as adversity early in life can accelerate age-related synaptic impairments, enhancement of neuronal metabolism and function in the developing brain could potentially protect neurons against the synaptic consequences of aging. In this regard, metabolic enhancements following exercise directly oppose the deleterious consequences of adverse stress. In this review, we examine the relationship between exercise and other forms of stress over the lifespan. Exercise is a specialized form of stress in that it is predictable and voluntary, while other forms of psychological and physiological stress are unpredictable and uncontrollable, ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433734 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5433734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433735&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22085885%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Irving BA, Robinson MM, Nair KS Abstract Aging is associated with decline in muscle mass and muscle functions. Muscle strength declines disproportionate to the decline in muscle mass indicating that muscle quality or protein quality also declines with age. Human studies have shown a progressive decline in muscle protein synthesis including proteins in the contractile apparatus and mitochondria with age. However, the decline in muscle protein synthesis is disproportionate to the decline in muscle mass that occurs with age prompting to hypothesize that muscle protein degradation also declines with age. A decline in mitochondrial capacity to synthesize ATP is likely a limiting factor of both synthesis and degradation, which are ATP dependent processes. In support of the above... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433735 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5433735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433736&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22085884%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Klencklen G, Després O, Dufour A Abstract In order to cope with normal cognitive aging we must understand the patterns and neurofunctional underpinnings of cognitive and behavioral changes throughout adulthood. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of age-related behavioral differences and changes in brain structure throughout the spatial domain. Although spatial cognition is critically important to everyday life, few studies have examined the relationship between this cognitive function and neural changes in the aged brain. Thus, spatial cognition is considered a key area in which the cognitive neuroscience of aging may expand in the near future. The first section of this review examines the methodologies and studies used to assess differences... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433736 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5323326&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21986581%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moskalev AA, Smit-McBride Z, Shaposhnikov MV, Plyusnina EN, Zhavoronkov A, Budovsky A, Tacutu R, Fraifeld VE Abstract The Gadd45 proteins have been intensively studied, in view of their important role in key cellular processes. Indeed, the Gadd45 proteins stand at the crossroad of the cell fates by controlling the balance between cell (DNA) repair, eliminating (apoptosis) or preventing the expansion of potentially dangerous cells (cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence), and maintaining the stem cell pool. However, the biogerontological aspects have not thus far received sufficient attention. Here we analyzed the pathways and modes of action by which Gadd45s are involved in aging, longevity and age-related diseases. Because of their pleiotropic action, a decreased inducibi... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5323326 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5323326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5323327&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983429%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Spector A, Orrell M, Schepers A, Shanahan N Abstract Knowledge of dementia measures are key to identifying areas of misinformation and establishing knowledge levels, thus guiding educational programmes and interventions. A three-step literature search was undertaken to identify measures of knowledge in dementia. An evaluation framework was employed articulating quality indicators for the psychometric properties of measures, based on their development and use within research studies. Five measures were identified: the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Test (ADKT, Dieckmann et al., 1988); the University of Alabama Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Test for Health Professionals (UAB-ADKT, Barrett et al., 1997); the Dementia Quiz (DQ, Gilleard and Groom, 1994); the Knowledge of Aging ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5323327 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5323327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5256183&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21939784%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rezzani R, Stacchiotti A, Rodella LF Abstract To maintain health in the elderly is a crucial objective for modern medicine that involves both basic and clinical researches. Autophagy is a fundamental auto-cannibalizing process that preserves cellular homeostasis and, if altered, either by excess or defect, greatly changes cell fate and can result in incapacitating human diseases. Efficient autophagy may prolong lifespan, but unfortunately this process becomes less efficient with age. The present review is focused on the close relationship between autophagy and age-related disorders in different tissues/organs and in transgenic animal models. In particular, it comments on the up to date literature on mechanisms responsible for age-related impairment of autophagy. Moreover, ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5256183 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5256183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5147034&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21856452%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Despite the limited number of recommendations for which agreement was found, guidelines did agree on careful antipsychotic use for BPSD. Adverse events might outweigh the supporting evidence of efficacy, weakening the recommendation. More pivotal trials on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions, as well as guidelines specifically focusing on BPSD, are needed. PMID: 21856452 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5147034 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5147034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086706&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21802530%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Languille S, Blanc S, Blin O, Canale CI, Dal-Pan A, Devau G, Dhenain M, Dorieux O, Epelbaum J, Gomez D, Hardy I, Henry PY, Irving EA, Marchal J, Mestre-Francés N, Perret M, Picq JL, Pifferi F, Rahman A, Schenker EI, Terrien J, Théry M, Verdier JM, Aujard F The use of non-human primate models is required to understand the ageing process and evaluate new therapies against age-associated pathologies. The present article summarizes all the contributions of the grey mouse lemur Microcebus murinus, a small nocturnal prosimian primate, to the understanding of the mechanisms of ageing. Results from studies of both healthy and pathological ageing research on the grey mouse lemur demonstrated that this animal is a unique model to study age-dependent changes in endocrine systems, biolo... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086706 Mon, 18 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5086706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086709&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21763787%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Neill D In this review Alzheimer's disease is seen as a maladaptive interaction between human brain evolution and senescence. It is predicted to occur in everyone although does not necessarily lead to dementia. The pathological process is initiated in relation to a senescence mediated functional down-regulation in the posteromedial cortex (Initiation Phase). This leads to a loss of glutamatergic excitatory input to layer II entorhinal cortex neurons. A human specific maladaptive neuroplastic response is initiated in these neurons leading to neuronal dysfunction, NFT formation and death. This leads to further loss of glutamatergic excitatory input and propagation of the maladaptive response along excitatory pathways linking evolutionary progressed vulnerable neurons (Propagatio... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086709 Thu, 07 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5086709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086708&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21763788%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frank J, Chin XW, Schrader C, Eckert GP, Rimbach G Tocotrienols (T(3)) belong to the family of vitamin E compounds (α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocopherols and -tocotrienols) and have unique biological properties that make them potential neuroprotective dietary factors. In addition to their antioxidant activity, T(3) at micromolar concentrations exert cholesterol-lowering activities in cells, animal models and some, but not all, human studies by means of inhibition of the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. At lower concentrations (∼10nmol/L), T(3) modulate signalling pathways involved in neuronal cell death in cell culture experiments. Targets of T(3) include prenyl transferases, non-receptor tyrosine kina... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086708 Wed, 06 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5086708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086707&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21763789%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Panza F, Frisardi V, Seripa D, D'Onofrio G, Santamato A, Masullo C, Logroscino G, Solfrizzi V, Pilotto A Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia, previously denominated as behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, are often more distressing, impairing, and costly than cognitive symptoms, representing a major health burden for older adults. These symptoms are common features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and are one of the major risk factors for institutionalization. There is a high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disturbances in patients with AD, including depression, anxiety, apathy, psychosis, aggression, and agitation. At present, the role of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes in the development of NPS or neuropsychiatric syndromes/endophenotypes in AD patien... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086707 Wed, 06 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5086707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5037333&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21745600%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The number of elderly patients placed on waiting lists has increased dramatically and will further grow. Interdisciplinary collaboration and distinct patient selection is recommended in most of the studies. However, data concerning quality of life and related parameters in elderly transplant recipients are rare. PMID: 21745600 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5037333 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5037333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5037334&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21736956%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu KH, Han ZC, Mo XM, Zhou B There is a growing interest in the clinical application of stem cells as a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of myocardial infarction and prevention of subsequent heart failure. Transplanted stem cells improve cardiac functions through multiple mechanisms, which include but are not limited to promoting angiogenesis, replacing dead cardiomyocytes, modulating cardiac remodeling. Most of the results obtained so far are exciting and very promising, spawning an increasing number of clinical trials recently. However, many problems still remain to be resolved such as the best delivery method for transplantation of cells to the injured myocardium and the issue of how to optimize the delivery of targeted cells is of exceptional clinical relevance. In... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5037334 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5037334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4993444&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21689787%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu FJ, Wen T, Liu L Cellular senescence is a program activated in normal cells in response to various types of stresses and is manifested by permanent arrest of cell cycle. Cellular senescence is closely related to tumor suppression, and may contribute to the ageing of organisms. The complex senescence cell phenotype has many different mechanisms. Recent studies have provided important insights regarding the role played by miRNAs during cellular senescence as a novel molecular mechanism. In this article, we will review the latest advances in the identification and validation of senescence-regulatory miRNAs and the possible mechanisms. PMID: 21689787 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4993444 Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4993444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4944566&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21651995%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hipkiss AR Research carried out up to 3 decades ago by Gracy and co-workers revealed that the activity of the glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), which converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), gradually declines whilst carrying out its catalytic function, primarily due to deamidation of certain asparagine residues. It is suggested here that excessive or continuous glycolysis increases TPI deamidation and thereby lower TPI activity and cause accumulation of its substrate, DHAP, which in turn decomposes into methylglyoxal (MG), a well-recognised reactive bicarbonyl whose actions in cells and tissues, as well as at the whole organism level, mimic much age-relate dysfunction. The proposal helps to explain why suppression of gly... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4944566 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4944566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4894162&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21624506%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaliman P, Párrizas M, Lalanza JF, Camins A, Escorihuela RM, Pallàs M Aging is a gradual process during which molecular and cellular processes deteriorate progressively, often leading to such pathological conditions as vascular and metabolic disorders and cognitive decline. Although the mechanisms of aging are not yet fully understood, inflammation, oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, functional alterations in specific neuronal circuits and a restricted degree of apoptosis are involved. Physical exercise improves the efficiency of the capillary system and increases the oxygen supply to the brain, thus enhancing metabolic activity and oxygen intake in neurons, and increases neurotrophin levels and resistance to stress. Regular exercise and an active lifestyle during ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4894162 Thu, 19 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4894162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4894160&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21628005%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate whether Internet mediated lifestyle interventions can successfully change lifestyle in people aged 50 and older. A PubMed search was conducted resulting in twelve articles, based on ten studies. The studies focused on physical activity, weight loss, nutrition, and diabetes. Nine studies used feasible interventions, with an average small to moderate effect size. The most important result is that there are multiple studies reporting positive lifestyle changes in an older population. On average, complex interventions, whether they present tailored or generic information, and online or offline comparison, are more effective than interventions with only one component. Internet mediated interventions hold great potential in implementing effe... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4894160 Thu, 19 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4894160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4849077&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21570493%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baert V, Gorus E, Mets T, Geerts C, Bautmans I Worldwide, people engage insufficiently in physical activity, particularly subjects aged 80 years and over. For optimal life-style campaigns, knowledge of motivators and barriers for physical activity is mandatory. Given their specific needs, it is conceivable that these would be different for the oldest old compared to younger subjects. Pubmed, Web of Science and Psychinfo were systematically screened for articles reporting motivators and barriers for physical activity. Papers were excluded if data regarding elderly aged >79 years were absent. Forty-four relevant articles were included, involving a total of 28,583 subjects. Sixty one motivators and 59 barriers for physical activity in the elderly were identified, including tho... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4849077 Wed, 04 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4849077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4628408&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21414422%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bousquet M, Calon F, Cicchetti F Current epidemiological, preclinical and clinical data suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may constitute an alternative therapeutic strategy for several disorders of the central nervous system, including Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor symptoms but which also includes several other pathological features such as autonomic system failures, mood disorders, and cognitive deficits. Current pharmacological options for the disease are limited to symptom management and their long-term use leads to important side effects. In this review, we discuss the evidence for the effects of n-3 PUFAs in PD both from an epidemiological perspective as well as in light of data gat... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4628408 Mon, 14 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4628408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4628409&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21406255%26dopt%3DAbstract THE ROLE OF BETA-AMYLOID PEPTIDE IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. Ageing Res Rev. 2011 Mar 12; Authors: Maltsev AV, Bystryak S, Galzitskaya OV Studies of neurodegenerative disorders (NDD) are drawing more attention of researchers worldwide due to the high incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathophysiology of such disorders is, in part, characterized by the transition of a wild-type peptide from its native conformation into a very stable pathological isoform. Subsequently, these abnormal proteins form aggregates of amyloid fibrils that continuously increase in size. Changes in the metabolic processes of neurons (e.g. oxidative stress, hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, and resulting secondary changes in the cell metabolism) ultimately lead to cell death. We hypothesi... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4628409 Sat, 12 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4628409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4628411&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21402176%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marengoni A, Angleman S, Melis R, Mangialasche F, Karp A, Garmen A, Meinow B, Fratiglioni L A literature search was carried out to summarize the existing scientific evidence concerning occurrence, causes, and consequences of multimorbidity (the coexistence of multiple chronic diseases) in the elderly as well as models and quality of care of persons with multimorbidity. According to pre-established inclusion criteria, and using different search strategies, 41 articles were included (four of these were methodological papers only). Prevalence of multimorbidity in older persons ranges from 55 to 98%. In cross-sectional studies, older age, female gender, and low socioeconomic status are factors associated with multimorbidity, confirmed by longitudinal studies as well. Major consequ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4628411 Fri, 11 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4628411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4628410&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21402177%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Biagi E, Candela M, Franceschi C, Brigidi P PMID: 21402177 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4628410 Fri, 11 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4628410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512647&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21315185%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vallejo AN Census reports of many countries indicate continuing trends for the graying of their populations. For the United States alone, persons aged ≥65 years are projected to comprise over 20% of the population by the year 2050. In view of the special medical needs of elders, scientific investigation into the biological aspects of ageing is key towards the improvement of geriatric care for the coming decades. This special issue of Ageing Research Reviews focuses on advances in research on the immunology of human ageing. Herein are nine articles about the age-related alterations in both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, and about continuing hurdles in vaccinology. These articles point to a common theme that the immunological milieu in old age is substantia... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512647 Fri, 18 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512646&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21315186%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jiang J, Fisher EM, Murasko DM Influenza is one of the most common infectious diseases afflicting humans, particularly the elderly. The murine model has been widely employed for investigation of immunity to influenza virus infection. In this paper, we review the recent advances in understanding the diminished CD8 T cell immune response to influenza virus infection in aged mice. Possible mechanisms of impaired CD8 T cell responses with aging are addressed, including: (1) the role of dendritic cells (DCs); (2) the effect of age-associated changes in the T cell repertoire; and (3) the interactions with CD4 T cells, including T regulatory (Treg) cells and CD4 T helper cells. The aged murine model of the CD8 T cell response to influenza virus is helping to elucidate the mechanisms ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512646 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4455061&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21292041%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pinto T, Lanctôt KL, Herrmann N Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) include agitation, aberrant motor behavior, anxiety, elation, irritability, depression, apathy, disinhibition, delusions, hallucinations, and sleep or appetite impairment. These symptoms have adverse consequences for patients and caregivers, such as greater impairment in activities of daily living, worsening quality of life and earlier institutionalization. While the etiology of BPSD has not been clearly delineated, studies assessing the benefits of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on BPSD suggest that some of the neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia such as agitation, apathy and psychosis may represent a specific central cholinergic deficiency syndrome. Biochemical and neuroimaging studi... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4455061 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4455061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4455060&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21292042%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vaiserman AM Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a key molecular mechanism linking environmental factors with the genome with consequences for health status throughout the life course. According to the modern view, epigenetic changes are far more likely than genetic changes to be directed, and many of these changes are manifestly adaptive. Recent experimental studies clearly indicate that environmental fluctuations can induce specific and predictable epigenetic-related molecular changes, and support the possibility of adaptive epigenetic phenomenon. The epigenetic adaptation processes implying alterations of gene expression to buffer the organism against environmental changes support adaptability to the expected life-course conditions. It appears likely that adaptive e... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4455060 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4455060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4455062&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21272671%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Truscott RJ, Truscott RJ A number of tissues and organs in the human body contain abundant proteins that are long-lived. This includes the heart, lung, brain, bone and connective tissues. It is proposed that the accumulation of modifications to such long-lived proteins over a period of decades alters the properties of the organs and tissues in which they reside. Such insidious processes may affect human health, fitness and ultimately may limit our lifespan. The human lens, which contains proteins that do not turnover, is used to illustrate the impact of these gradual deleterious modifications. On the basis of data derived from the lens, it is postulated that the intrinsic instability of certain amino acid residues, which leads to truncation, racemisation and deamidation, is pr... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4455062 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4455062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4455064&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21262391%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: He JY, Jiang LS, Dai LY With the rapid aging of the world population, the issue of skeletal health is becoming more prominent and urgent. The bone remodeling mechanism has sparked great interest among bone research societies. At the same time, increasing clinical and experimental evidence has driven attention towards the pivotal role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in bone remodeling. Bone remodeling is thought to be partially controlled by the hypothalamus, a process which is mediated by the adrenergic nerves and neurotransmitters. Currently, new knowledge about the role of the SNS in the development and pathophysiology of osteoporosis is being generated. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence that proves the involvement of the SNS in bone metabolism and ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4455064 Sat, 22 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4455064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4455063&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21262392%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Correia SC, Santos RX, Perry G, Zhu X, Moreira PI, Smith MA Severe abnormalities in brain glucose/energy metabolism and insulin signaling have been documented to take a pivotal role in early sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) pathology. Indeed, the "insulin-resistant brain state" has been hypothesized to form the core of the neurodegenerative events that occur in sAD. In this vein, intracerebroventricular administration of subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin (STZ) in rats can induce an insulin-resistant brain state, which is proposed as a suitable experimental model of sAD. This review highlights the involvement of disturbed brain insulin metabolism in sAD etiopathogenesis. Furthermore, current knowledge demonstrates that central STZ administration produces brain pathology... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4455063 Sat, 22 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4455063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4298868&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21185406%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bulati M, Buffa S, Candore G, Caruso C, Dunn-Walters DK, Pellicanò M, Wu YC, Romano GC Immunosenescence contributes to the decreased ability of the elderly to control infectious diseases, which is also reflected in their generally poor response to new antigens and vaccination. It is known that the T cell branch of the immune system is impaired in the elderly mainly due to expansion of memory/effector cells that renders the immune system less able to respond to new antigens. B lymphocytes are also impaired in the elderly in terms of their response to new antigens. In this paper we review recent work on B cell immunosenescence focusing our attention on memory B cells and a subset of memory B cells (namely IgG(+)IgD(-)CD27(-)) that we have demonstrated is increased in healthy el... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4298868 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4298868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4266586&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21145432%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Though correlated with age, the etiology of elevated inflammatory markers remains incompletely defined. Inflammation, especially IL-6 may be a common cause of multiple age-related diseases or a final common pathway by which disease leads to disability and adverse outcomes in older adults. Future research targeting inflammation should examine these pathways. PMID: 21145432 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4266586 Tue, 07 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4266586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4243649&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21130902%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions This diagnostic review demonstrates an increase of prevalence of PE with age and a strong decrease of specificity and efficiency for CDRs of VTE in older patients. Moreover, due to referral bias the decrease in specificity in the elderly may even be underestimated. Although the safety of CDRs for VTE is high, adapting these rules for elderly is much needed to make them more efficient for aged patients. PMID: 21130902 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4243649 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4243649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4243650&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21130185%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li H, Li J, Li N, Li B, Wang P, Zhou T Cognitive training for persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has become a hot topic. However to date it remains controversial whether persons with MCI can really benefit from cognitive intervention. We aim to further investigate this by using meta-analysis of seventeen clinical studies of cognitive intervention for MCI. The results demonstrate that after training, patients with MCI improve significantly both in overall cognition and overall self-ratings. Specifically, persons with MCI obtain moderate benefits in language, self-rated anxiety and functional ability, and receive mild benefits in episodic memory, semantic memory, executive functioning/working memory, visuo-spatial ability, attention/processing speed, MMSE, self-rated m... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4243650 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4243650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4211843&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21109027%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Meyer T, Rietzschel ER, De Buyzere ML, Van Criekinge W, Bekaert S Epidemiologic and other evidence clearly indicates that peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length, a systemic marker for biological aging, can be useful as a cardiovascular aging biomarker. Although telomere biology might yield new insights into the underlying molecular biology of vascular aging and even radically improve current cardiovascular risk stratification, the specific nature of the association between telomere length and cardiovascular disease still remains to be elucidated. Here, we review several candidate hypotheses and critically review supporting and contesting scientific evidence for the underlying theories. For each hypothesis, we discuss the potential implications. We conclude that the most... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4211843 Mon, 22 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4211843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4180564&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21074638%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shaw AC, Panda A, Joshi SR, Qian F, Allore HG, Montgomery RR Studies addressing immunosenescence in the immune system have expanded to focus on the innate as well as the adaptive responses. In particular, aging results in alterations in the function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the first described pattern recognition receptor family of the innate immune system. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the consequences of aging on TLR function in human cohorts and add to existing findings performed in animal models. In general, these studies show that human TLR function is impaired in the context of aging, and in addition there is evidence for inappropriate persistence of TLR activation in specific systems. These findings are consistent with an overarching theme of age-associat... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4180564 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4180564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4144249&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21055484%26dopt%3DAbstract This article will discuss the impact of influenza in older adults, immunologic targets for improved efficacy of the vaccines, and alternative correlates of clinical protection against influenza that are needed for more effective translation of novel vaccination strategies to improved protection against influenza in older adults. PMID: 21055484 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4144249 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4144249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4120985&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20435168%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen LK PMID: 20435168 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4120985 Sun, 31 Oct 2010 14:41:23 +0100 4120985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4120984&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20974294%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Both HIV and aging contribute to immune dysfunction, morbidity and mortality. However, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is beneficial for older patients, and treatment of older patients should not be discouraged. PMID: 20974294 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4120984 Fri, 22 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4120984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4106603&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20969980%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carrillo AE, Flouris AD Caloric restriction (CR) causes a reduction in body temperature (T(b)) which is suggested to contribute to changes that increase lifespan. Moreover, low T(b) has been shown to improve health and longevity independent of CR. In this review we examine the connections between CR, T(b) and mechanisms that influence longevity and ageing. Recent findings regarding the overlapping mechanisms of CR and T(b) that benefit longevity are discussed, including changes in body composition, hormone regulation, and gene expression, as well as reductions in low-level inflammation and reactive oxygen species-induced molecular damage. This information is summarized in a model describing how CR and low T(b), both synergistically and independently, increase lifespan. Moreove... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4106603 Mon, 18 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4106603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4074956&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20946972%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sikora E, Arendt T, Bennett M, Narita M Cellular senescence as the state of permanent inhibition of cell proliferation is a tumour-suppressive mechanism. However, due to the associated secretory phenotype senescence can also contribute to cancer and possibly other age-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. There are two major mechanisms of cellular senescence; replicative senescence depends on telomere erosion or dysfunction whilst stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) is telomere-independent and also includes oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). The senescence phenotype is characterised by altered cellular morphology, increased activity for senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-GAL), increased formation of senescence-a... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4074956 Sun, 10 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4074956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4074957&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20943206%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kawabuchi M, Tan H, Wang S Studies of the influence of age on regeneration and reinnervation in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) are reviewed, with a particular focus on aged and denervated skeletal muscles. The morphological and functional features of incomplete regeneration and reinnervation are compared between adult and aged animals. In addition, some possible mechanisms of the age-related defects will be discussed. Increased fragmentation or damage in individual components of the NMJ (terminal Schwann cells (TSCs), axon terminals and acetylcholine receptor sites occurs during muscle reinnervation following PNS injury in the aged animals. The capacity to produce ultraterminal sprouting or multiple innervation secondary to PNS injury is m... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4074957 Sat, 09 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4074957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4057883&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20933612%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Larbi A, Pawelec G, Wong SC, Goldeck D, Tai JJ, Fulop T Decreased immune responsiveness associated with aging is generally termed "immunosenescence". Several theories have been proposed to explain age-related declines in immune responses. Here, we will focus on and describe potential defects in T cell signal transduction from the membrane to the nucleus, leading to changes in the type, intensity and duration of the response as a major factor contributing to immunosenescence. We will first detail T cell signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR), CD28 and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and then discuss the observed age-related alterations to these signaling pathways. The role of membrane rafts in T cell signaling and T cell aging will be described. These factors will be considered in t... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4057883 Tue, 05 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4057883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4057882&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20933613%26dopt%3DAbstract METALLOTHIONEIN AND THE BIOLOGY OF AGING. Ageing Res Rev. 2010 Oct 6; Authors: Swindell WR Metallothionein (MT) is a low molecular weight protein with anti-apoptotic properties that has been demonstrated to scavenge free radicals in vitro. MT has not been extensively investigated within the context of aging biology. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to discuss findings on MT that are relevant to basic aging mechanisms and to draw attention to the possible role of MT in pro-longevity interventions. MT is one of just a handful of proteins that, when overexpressed, has been demonstrated to increase mouse lifespan. MT also protects against development of obesity in mice provided a high fat diet as well as diet-induced oxidative stress damage. Abundance of MT is responsive t... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4057882 Tue, 05 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4057882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4057884&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20932941%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vallejo AN, Mueller RG, Jr DL, Way A, Dvergsten JA, Griffin P, Newman AB As the repertoire of αβT cell receptors (TCR) contracts with advancing age, there is an associated age-dependent accumulation of oligoclonal T cells expressing of a variety of receptors (NKR), normally expressed on natural killer (NK) cells. Evidences for differential regulation of expression of particular NKRs between T cells and NK cells suggest that NKR expression on T cells is physiologically programmed rather than a random event of the aging process. Experimental studies show NKRs on aged αβT cells may function either as independent receptors, and/or as costimulatory receptors to the TCR. Considering the reported deficits of conventional αβTCR-driven activation and also functional deficits of c... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4057884 Sun, 03 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4057884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4037694&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20920611%26dopt%3DAbstract This study focused on the evaluation of gender-specific Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors. In AD, female gender appears to be an important risk factor associated with the aberrant production of beta amyloid (βA) peptides. Although decreased levels in plasma DHA concentration are associated with cognitive decline in healthy elderly and Alzheimer's patients, pre-treatment with DHA significantly reduced the survival of cortical neurons incubated with beta amyloid (βA). Hence, in the presence of an increasing amount of βA, paradoxically women - who have higher plasma levels of DHA - are more likely to develop AD. Aspirin (ASA) converts cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 into a form that generates new neuroprotective docosanoids from DHA; therefore, ASA might positively resolve the paradoxical effect... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4037694 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4037694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4037695&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20888439%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lang PO, Govind S, Mitchell WA, Siegrist CA, Aspinall R Vaccination policies in most high-income countries attempt to reduce the adverse impact of influenza targeting people aged at least 60 years. However, while it is widely believed that the current immunization strategy saves many lives, influenza infection still remains a severe burden in aged individuals leading to a wide debate on the exact magnitude of the benefit of vaccination in this population. The first aim of the present review is to examine how effective current influenza-vaccine strategies are in aged adults, by analysing which are the most important factors modulating the interpretation of study results in this population. Furthermore, consideration will be given to how immune factors influence the measurement ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4037695 Tue, 28 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4037695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4037696&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20887815%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu Y, Zhi M, Li X The relations of an offspring to its parents are complex, and the ways in which a parent may influence the characteristics of its offspring are many. This review focuses on the relations of parental age to intelligence, health outcomes, longevity and other characteristics of offspring. Many researchers have demonstrated that children of older parents tend to be more intelligent than do children of younger parents, although there are also some negative findings. Either teenage or advanced parental age is associated with risk of birth and health outcomes in offspring. Parental age at birth displays a negative association with offspring longevity. Parental age can also influence dominant characters, sex ratio, personality and development process of the offsprin... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4037696 Mon, 27 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4037696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4024278&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20868776%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ziv E, Hu D The insulin/IGF-1 pathway has been shown to affect lifespan and rate of aging in a variety of animals including worms, flies and mice. Genetic variation in this pathway may also affect human longevity. We review the evidence for the effect of this pathway on longevity with a focus on the genetic studies in humans to date. One gene, FOXO3A, a transcriptional factor homologous to daf-16, has been repeatedly associated with increased lifespan in several studies in different ethnic populations. PMID: 20868776 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4024278 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4024278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3987572&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20850567%26dopt%3DAbstract This article gives a clear overview of the content of these frailty instruments and describes their clinimetric properties. Frailty instruments, however, are often developed as prognostic instruments and have also been validated as such. The clinimetric properties of these instruments as evaluative outcome measures are unclear. PMID: 20850567 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3987572 Tue, 14 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3987572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3987573&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20849981%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, caring for elderly diabetic patients poses unique challenges. Little is known about diabetes care of elderly people with frailty, disabilities, or multiple comorbidities. The interrelationship between frailty and DM deserves further investigation. Practice guidelines for care-home residents with DM are needed to ensure quality of care. PMID: 20849981 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3987573 Mon, 13 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3987573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3960675&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20816876%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee HC, Chang CM, Chi CW Mitochondria are intracellular organelles responsible for generating ATP through respiration and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), producing reactive oxygen species, and initiating and executing apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed to be an important hallmark of aging and cancer. Because mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is important in maintaining functionally competent organelles, accumulation of mtDNA mutations can affect energy production, oxidative stress, and cell survival, which may contribute to aging and/or carcinogenesis. This review outlines a variety of somatic mtDNA mutations identified in aging tissues and human cancers, as well as recent advances in understanding the causal role of mtDNA mutations in the aging process and can... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3960675 Mon, 30 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3960675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3960676&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20813206%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Song Y, Wang J Studies of senile dementia (SD) on the Chinese mainland, done over the decades, have furthered the understanding of its epidemiology, basic and clinical medical aspects, and effects on health economics, to name a few areas. There are 6-7 million Chinese people with SD, with an incidence of 5-7% of people over 65 years of age. In this group, Alzheimer's accounts for 50-60% of SD. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has been investigated, and known risk factors include beta-amyloid, formaldehyde, acetyl cholinesterase, inflammation, neuronal dysfunction and death. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an independent risk factor of SD. Comprehensive treatment can improve clinical efficacy, and quality of life can be improved by appropriate and reasonable care and ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3960676 Sun, 29 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3960676 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3908505&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20732460%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hung CW, Chen YC, Hsieh WL, Chiou SH, Kao CL Ageing, which all creatures must encounter, is a challenge to every living organism. In the human body, it is estimated that cell division and metabolism occurs exuberantly until about 25 years of age. Beyond this age, subsidiary products of metabolism and cell damage accumulate, and the phenotypes of ageing appear, causing disease formation. Among these age-related diseases, neurodegenerative diseases have drawn a lot of attention due to their irreversibility, lack of effective treatment, and accompanied social and economical burdens. In seeking to ameliorate ageing and age-related diseases, the search for anti-ageing drugs has been of much interest. Numerous studies have shown that the plant polyphenol, resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydr... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3908505 Thu, 19 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3908505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3908506&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20728581%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frasca D, Diaz A, Romero M, Landin AM, Blomberg BB Both humoral and cellular immune responses are impaired in aged individuals, leading to decreased vaccine responses. Although T cell defects occur, defects in B cells play a significant role in age-related humoral immune changes. The ability to undergo class switch recombination (CSR), the enzyme for CSR, AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase) and the transcription factor E47 are all decreased in aged stimulated B cells. We here present an overview of age-related changes in human B cell markers and functions, and also discuss some controversies in the field of B cell aging. PMID: 20728581 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3908506 Wed, 18 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3908506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3908508&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20727987%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brunner S, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Weinberger B, Grubeck-Loebenstein B Immunosenescence comprises a set of dynamic changes occurring to both, the innate as well as the adaptive immune system that accompany human aging and result in complex manifestations of still poorly defined deficiencies in the elderly population. One of the most prominent alterations during aging is the continuous involution of the thymus gland which is almost complete by the age of 50. Consequently, the output of naïve T cells is greatly diminished in elderly individuals which puts pressure on homeostatic forces to maintain a steady T cell pool for most of adulthood. In a great proportion of the human population, this fragile balance is challenged by persistent viral infections, especially Cytomegalov... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3908508 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3908508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3908507&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20727988%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Si YL, Zhao YL, Hao HJ, Fu XB, Han WD Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multi-potent adult stem cells harboring multi-lineage differentiation potential and immunosuppressive properties that make MSCs an ideal candidate cell type for immunomodulation and regenerative medicine. Currently, MSC-related researches and clinical trials have evoked exciting promise in a variety of disorders and tissue regeneration. However, it must be recognized that several critical potential problems have also emerged from current clinical trials, for example: (1) the indefinite association between the phenotypic characteristics and the biological functions of MSCs; (2) the lack of clinical data to support the long-term safety of MSCs; (3) the need for further clarification of multiple mechanisms of... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3908507 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3908507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3881287&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20708717%26dopt%3DAbstract This article aims to review the data of various case/control association studies that examine the difference in genetic polymorphisms between long-lived people and younger subjects across different human populations. There are more than 100 candidate genes potentially involved in human longevity; this article particularly focuses on genes of the insulin/IGF-1 pathway, FOXO3A, FOXO1A, lipoprotein metabolism (e.g., APOE and PON1), and cell-cycle regulators (e.g., TP53 and P21). Since the confirmed genetic components for human longevity are few to date, further precise assessment of the genetic contributions is required. Gaining a better understanding of the contribution of genetics to human longevity may assist in the design of improved treatment methods for age-related diseases, delay the a... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3881287 Tue, 10 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3881287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3881286&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20708718%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen LH, Chiou GY, Chen YW, Li HY, Chiou SH miRNAs are a group of noncoding small RNA that are capable of modulating the expression of hundreds of genes via a near-perfect or partial complementary to target mRNA. The ability to regulate multiple targets simultaneously makes miRNA a crucial regulator in many physiological conditions, especially in the aging network and process. The tremendous capability of miRNA supports its ability in regulating ageing, which is a complex process involving multiple interconnected signaling pathways. Even though the relationship between miRNA and ageing is not fully understood, studies have provided evidence showing that miRNAs participate in regulating cell cycle progression, proliferation, stemness gene expression, and stress-induced response... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3881286 Tue, 10 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3881286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3881285&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20709627%26dopt%3DAbstract This article first reviews genetic strategies for human aging research and considers the advantages and disadvantages of each. We then discuss the issue of phenotypic definition for genetic studies of aging, including longevity/life span, as well as disease-free survival and other endophenotypes. Finally, we argue that extensions of this area of research, including incorporation of genexenvironment interactions, multivariate phenotypes, integration of functional genomic annotations, and exploitation of orthology - many of which are already initiated and ongoing - are critical to advancing this field. PMID: 20709627 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3881285 Mon, 09 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3881285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3818211&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20673815%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lin MH, Chou MY, Liang CK, Peng LN, Chen LK Taiwan is one of the fastest aging countries in the world. As such, the government has developed various strategies to promote an age-friendly health-care system. Health services are supported by National Health Insurance (NHI), which insures over 97% of citizens and over 99% of health-care institutes. The current health-care system has difficulties in caring for older patients with multiple comorbidities, complex care needs, functional impairments, and post-acute care needs. Taipei, an international metropolis with a well-preserved tradition of filial piety in Chinese societies, has developed various strategies to overcome the aforementioned barriers to an age-friendly health-care system. These include an emphasis on general medical... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3818211 Mon, 26 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3818211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3802786&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20667512%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen Z, Yu J, Song Y, Chui D Following the global trend of population aging, China became an aging society at the end of the 20(th) century. The ever-growing medical demands of the elderly, the lag in medical insurance policy, and the late development of geriatric services make the present situation of public health in China worrying. To meet these challenges, the Beijing municipal government has actively adjusted its development strategies and has been building up a medical service and healthcare system suitable for the elderly. The core of the system is a three-level management of geriatric diseases: prevention and treatment for chronic diseases, functional rehabilitation, long-term care, and family attendance at rural and urban community health service centers (stations); p... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3802786 Sat, 24 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3802786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3802785&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20667513%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen YF, Wu CY, Kao CH, Tsai TF Aging, which affects all organ systems, is one of the most complex phenotypes. Recent discoveries in long-lived mutant mice have revealed molecular mechanisms of longevity in mammals which may contribute to our understanding of why humans age. These mutations include naturally-occurring spontaneous mutations, and those of mice genetically modified by modern genomic technologies. It is generally believed that the most fundamental mechanisms of aging are evolutionarily conserved across species. The following types of longevity mechanisms have been intensively studied: suppression of the somatotropic (growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1) axis, decreased metabolism and increased resistance of oxidative stress, reduced insulin secretion and i... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3802785 Sat, 24 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3802785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3802784&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20667514%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jintang W, Zheng C, Yuetao S Falls are a common and serious problem for aged people, causing an enormous amount of morbidity, mortality and burden to both the immediate family and society in terms of healthcare utilization and costs. In the Chinese mainland, epidemiological data indicates a predilection for single falls, with women more at risk than men. A variety of risk factors such as weakness, unsteady gait, mental confusion and use of certain medications are associated with falls in the elderly. Addressing these risk factors can be expected to reduce rates of falling. Targeted fall risk assessments are the most effective preventive procedures, and include a plethora of assessment instruments that have been developed and designed for different purposes over the decades. St... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3802784 Sat, 24 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3802784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3758370&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20619360%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Agrawal A, Gupta S Aging is a paradox of reduced immunity and chronic inflammation. Dendritic cells are central orchestrators of the immune response with a key role in the generation of immunity and maintenance of tolerance. The functions of DCs are compromised with age. There is no major effect on the numbers and phenotype of DC subsets in aged subjects; nevertheless, their capacity to phagocytose antigens and migrate is impaired with age. There is aberrant cytokine secretion by various DC subsets with CDCs secreting increased basal level of pro-inflammatory cytokines but the response on stimulation to foreign antigens is decreased. In contrast, the response to self antigens is increased suggesting erosion of peripheral self tolerance. PDC subset also secretes reduced IFN-alp... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3758370 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3758370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3730806&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20601194%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tranah G There is substantial evidence that mitochondria are involved in the aging process. Mitochondrial function requires the coordinated expression of hundreds of nuclear genes and a few dozen mitochondrial genes, many of which have been associated with either extended or shortened life span. Impaired mitochondrial function resulting from mtDNA and nuclear DNA variation is likely to contribute to an imbalance in cellular energy homeostasis, increased vulnerability to oxidative stress, and an increased rate of cellular senescence and aging. The complex genetic architecture of mitochondria suggests that there may be an equally complex set of gene interactions (epistases) involving genetic variation in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Results from Drosophila suggest that... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3730806 Thu, 24 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3730806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3730805&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20601195%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun X, Fu X, Han W, Zhao Y, Liu H Since a technique was reported for generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), various groups worldwide have reprogrammed human and mouse somatic cells into iPSCs using a range of techniques and pluripotency genes. Progress in iPSC research has opened up a novel avenue in autologous regenerative medicine, whereby patient-specific pluripotent cells could potentially be derived from adult somatic cells. However, several limitations currently prohibit their use in clinical settings, including the viral DNA delivery system and the exogenous overexpression of pluripotency genes. New strategies are therefore needed to ensure the safe and efficient production of iPSCs, and to guide their differentiation into the desired lineages required to re... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3730805 Sat, 19 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3730805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3730804&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20601196%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seripa D, Pilotto A, Panza F, Matera MG, Pilotto A The genetics of cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a very active area of multidisciplinary research, overlapping the interest of medicine, biology and pharmacology, being the CYP enzyme system responsible for the metabolism of more than 80% of the commercially available drugs. Variations in CYP encoding genes are responsible for inter-individual differences in CYP production or function, with severe clinical consequences as therapeutic failures (TFs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs), being ADRs worldwide primary causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly people. In fact, the prevalence of both TFs and ADRs strongly increased in the presence of multiple pharmacological treatments, a common status in subjects aging 65 years and over. T... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3730804 Sat, 19 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3730804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3672306&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20553969%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis shows distinct patterns of age-related decrease of handgrip strength in the general population. Handgrip strength is strongly associated with the presence and duration of an inflammatory state as rheumatoid arthritis. The putative link between age-related inflammation and sarcopenia mandates further study as it represents a potential target for intervention to maintain functional independence in old age. PMID: 20553969 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3672306 Tue, 25 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3672306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3672305&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20553970%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hung CH, Ho YS, Chang RC Perturbed neuronal calcium homeostasis is a prominent feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondria accumulate calcium ions (Ca(2+)) for cellular bioenergetic metabolism and suppression of mitochondrial motility within the cell. Excessive Ca(2+) uptake into mitochondria often leads to mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and induction of apoptosis. Ca(2+) is an interesting second messenger which can initiate both cellular life and death pathways in mitochondria. This review critically discusses the potential of manipulating mitochondrial Ca(2+) concentrations as a novel therapeutic opportunity for treating AD. This review also highlights the neuroprotective role of a number of currently available agents that modulate different mitochondrial Ca(2... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3672305 Tue, 25 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3672305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3672304&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20553971%26dopt%3DAbstract This article proposes that behavioural advancement during mammalian evolution had been in part mediated through extension of total developmental time. Such time extensions would have resulted in increased numbers of neuronal precursor cells, hence larger brains and a disproportionate increase in the neocortex. Larger neocortical areas enabled new connections to be formed during development and hence expansion of existing behavioural circuits. To have been positively selected such behavioural advances would have required enough postdevelopmental time to enable the behaviour to be fully manifest. It is therefore proposed that the success of mammalian evolution depended on initiating a genetic control of total postdevelopmental time. This could have been mediated through the redeployment of g... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3672304 Tue, 25 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3672304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3596240&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20493280%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cerqueira FM, Kowaltowski AJ Undernutrition without malnutrition is an intervention that enhances laboratory animal life span, widely studied to uncover factors limiting longevity. In a search of the literature over a course of four years, we found that most protocols currently adopted as caloric restriction do not meet micronutrient standards set by the National Research Council for laboratory rats and mice. We provide evidence that the most commonly adopted caloric restriction protocol, a 40% restriction of the AIN-93 diet without vitamin or mineral supplementation, leads to malnutrition in both mice and rats. Furthermore, we and others find that every other day feeding, another dietary intervention often referred to as caloric restriction, does not limit the total amount of... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3596240 Mon, 17 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3596240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3578181&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20478411%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stegemann S, Ecker F, Maio M, Kraahs P, Wohlfart R, Breitkreuz J, Zimmer A, Bar-Shalom D, Hettrich P, Broegmann B Demographic evolution will considerably increase the number of people aged 65 years and beyond in the coming decades. The elderly not only represent the most heterogeneous population, they are a major user group for prescribed medicines, a predominance that will continue to further increase. Medicines and medication management are much more complex and challenging in the elderly and can only be addressed through a multidisciplinary approach. There is strong evidence that the elderly are able to properly manage their medication; however, their medications require different features than the standard medications used by adults. The elderly are exposed to several chro... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3578181 Thu, 13 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3578181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3578184&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20471500%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this systematic review is to have a retrospection of the efficacy of cell therapy and explore whether the study design or characteristics of subjects may have influenced the effects of cell therapy on recovery of left ventricular function after AMI. Trials were identified in ClinicalTrial, mRCT, Conchrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed databases, reviews, and reference lists of relevant papers. The weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated for net changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by using random-effect models. Meta-regression analyses were performed to explore the influence of study characteristics. Ten randomized controlled trials (12 comparisons) with a total of 814 participants were included. In an overall pooled estimate, compared with the control ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3578184 Tue, 11 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3578184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3553180&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20452463%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kahn A The Longevity Consortium is a multi-investigator, multi-institutional research group focused on identifying the genetic variants that regulate human lifespan and healthy aging. The text that follows is an introduction to a series of seven articles prepared by Consortium investigators that represent a profile of planned and ongoing research and up-to-date reviews of topics of major interest to biogerontologists and others scientists and clinicians interested in ageing research. PMID: 20452463 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3553180 Wed, 05 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3553180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3545284&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20444434%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frisardi V, Solfrizzi V, Seripa D, Capurso C, Santamato A, Sancarlo D, Vendemiale G, Pilotto A, Panza F A growing body of epidemiological evidence suggested that metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Mets components (impaired glucose tolerance, abdominal or central obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol) may be important in the development of age-related cognitive decline (ARCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These suggestions proposed in these patients the presence of a "metabolic-cognitive syndrome", i.e. a MetS plus cognitive impairment of degenerative or vascular origin. This could represent a pathophysiological model in which to study in depth the mechanisms linking MetS and... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3545284 Sat, 01 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3545284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3538605&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20438881%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buford TW, Anton SD, Judge AR, Marzetti E, Wohlgemuth SE, Carter CS, Leeuwenburgh C, Pahor M, Manini TM Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, is a significant public health concern that continues to grow in relevance as the population ages. Certain conditions have the strong potential to coincide with sarcopenia to accelerate the progression of muscle atrophy in older adults. Among these conditions are co-morbid diseases common to older individuals such as cancer, kidney disease, diabetes, and peripheral artery disease. Furthermore, behaviors such as poor nutrition and physical inactivity are well-known to contribute to sarcopenia development. However, we argue that these behaviors are not inherent to the development of sarcopenia but rather accelerate its ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3538605 Thu, 29 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3538605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3530325&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20435168%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen LK PMID: 20435168 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3530325 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3530325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3512253&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20416402%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Salminen A, Kaarniranta K An ability to mount a stress resistance under pressure is a major host defence mechanism and has been a fundamental force during evolution. However, the adaptation capacity clearly declines during aging and this loss of stress resistance accelerates the aging process exposing the organism to degenerative diseases. The effect of stress on organisms seems to be a dose-dependent response, i.e. mild stress induces a stress tolerance and extends the lifespan whereas excessive stress accentuates the aging process. This paradox is known as hormesis in aging research. It is essential to distinguish the intensity of cellular stress and thus mount an appropriate host defence. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains three branches of stress transducers, i.e. IRE... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3512253 Mon, 19 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3512253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3472426&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20385253%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Evans DS, Kapahi P, Hsueh WC, Kockel L The TOR (target of rapamycin) signal transduction network monitors intra- and extracellular conditions that favor cell growth. Research during the last decade has revealed a modular structure of the TOR signaling network. Each signaling module senses a particular set of signals from the cellular milieu and exerts regulatory control towards TOR activity. The TOR pathway responds to growth factor signals, nutrient availability, and cellular stresses like hypoxia and energy stress. The signaling modules and their molecular components constituting the TOR network are remarkably conserved in both sequence and function across species. In yeast, roundworms, flies, and mice, the TOR pathway has been shown to regulate lifespan. Correspondingly, ge... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3472426 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3472426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3472425&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20385254%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: RE is effective for improving strength among older adults, particularly with higher intensity training. Findings therefore suggest that RE may be considered a viable strategy to prevent generalized muscular weakness associated with ageing. PMID: 20385254 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3472425 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3472425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3472424&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20385255%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de la Torre JC The vascular hypothesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), first proposed by us in 1993, provides substantial evidence that suggests vascular risk factors (VRF) play a critical role in the development of cognitive decline and AD during aging. Cardiovascular and carotid artery disease, two major risk factors to AD, can conspire or independlently induce chronic brain hypoperfusion (CBH) decades before any symptoms of cognitive impairment are expressed. The pathologic construct linking CBH to cognitive impairment and AD remains unclear but evidence shows that it may provide an opportunity to intervene in the prevention or delay of dementia onset. A preliminary randomized clinical study in cognitively healthy middle-age individuals to undergo screening using carotid Doppler... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3472424 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3472424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3447080&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20362696%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li M, Chen M, Han W, Fu X Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be derived from diverse different somatic cells and share many of the characteristics of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Because iPSCs avoid many of the ethical concerns associated with the use of embryonic or fetal material, iPSCs have great potential in cell-based regenerative medicine. However, several hurdles will need to be surmounted before their potential can be realized in therapeutic applications. For example, the use of viral vectors, some of which are oncogenes raises the risk of tumor formation in patients, the differentiation of iPSCs into required functional cells in vivo remains to be established, the obtaining of pure populations of target cells from iPSCs is still difficult. Of these, some are s... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3447080 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3447080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3447077&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20362697%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caliebe A, Kleindorp R, Blanché H, Christiansen L, Puca AA, Rea IM, Slagboom E, Flachsbart F, Christensen K, Rimbach G, Schreiber S, Nebel A Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has been suggested as a plausible candidate gene for human longevity due to its modulation of cardiovascular disease risk, by preventing oxidation of atherogenic low density lipoprotein. The role of the PON1 192 Q/R polymorphism has been analyzed for association with survival at old age in several populations, albeit with controversial results. To reconcile the conflicting evidence, we performed a large association study with two samples of 2357 Germans and 1025 French, respectively. We combined our results with those from seven previous studies in the largest and most comprehensive meta-analysis on PON1 192 Q/R ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3447077 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3447077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3447081&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20362078%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu JP, Chen SM, Cong YS, Nicholls C, Zhou SF, Tao ZZ, Li H Telomeres, the ends of chromosomes, undergo frequent remodeling events that are important in cell development, proliferation and differentiation, and neoplastic immortalization. It is not known how the cellular environment influences telomere remodeling, stability, and lengthening or shortening. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex that maintains and lengthens telomeres in the majority of cancers. Recent studies indicate that a number of factors, including hormones, cytokines, ligands of nuclear receptor, vitamins and herbal extracts have significantly influence telomerase activity and, in some instances, the remodeling of telomeres. This review summarizes the advances in understanding of the positive and negativ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3447081 Mon, 29 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3447081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359947&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20223299%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crentsil V Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by muscle weakness, sarcopenia, and fatigue, and is associated with several adverse health outcomes, including disability. Design of therapeutic interventions for geriatric frailty has been challenging and may be because of inadequate understanding of its biological underpinnings. Carnitine is important for energy production in skeletal muscles and there seems to be a negative correlation between advancing age and muscle carnitine levels. Carnitine deficiency may therefore result in geriatric frailty. Age-associated carnitine deficiency from a variety of etiologies, including organic cation transporter (OCTN2) mutation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT) deficiency, may potentially explain the relationship betwee... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359947 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3359947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3327760&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188215%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Balietti M, Casoli T, Di Stefano G, Giorgetti B, Aicardi G, Fattoretti P Ketogenic diets (KDs), successfully used in the therapy of paediatric epilepsy for nearly a century, have recently shown beneficial effects also in cancer, obesity, diabetes, GLUT 1 deficiencies, hypoxia-ischemia, traumatic brain injuries, and neurodegeneration. The latter achievement designates aged individuals as optimal recipients, but concerns derive from possible age-dependent differences in KDs effectiveness. Indeed, the main factors influencing ketone bodies utilization by the brain (blood levels, transport mechanisms, catabolic enzymes) undergo developmental changes, although several reports indicate that KDs maintain some efficacy during adulthood and even advanced aging. Encouraging results obta... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3327760 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3327760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3327759&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188216%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Enns LC, Ladiges W Protein kinase A (PKA) is a multi-unit protein kinase that mediates signal transduction of G-protein-coupled receptors through its activation by adenyl cyclase (AC)-mediated cAMP. The vital importance of PKA signaling to cellular function is reflected in the widespread expression of PKA subunit genes. As one of its many functions, PKA plays a key role in the regulation of metabolism and triglyceride storage. The PKA pathway has become of great interest to the study of aging, since mutations that cause a reduction in PKA signaling have been shown to extend lifespan in yeast, and to both delay the incidence and severity of age-related disease, and to promote leanness and longevity, in mice. There is increasing interest in the potential for the inhibition or re... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3327759 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3327759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3299797&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20170753%26dopt%3DAbstract We present data showing that transcriptional knockdown of RNA interference restores lifespan losses in the context of RNA editing defects, further suggesting that interaction between these two systems influences lifespan. Finally, we discuss the implications of RNA surveillance for sarcopenia and muscle maintenance, as frailty is a universal feature of aging. We end with a discussion of RNA surveillance as a robust regulatory system that can change in response to environmental stressors and represents a novel axis in aging science. PMID: 20170753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3299797 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3299797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276438&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20152936%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koga H, Kaushik S, Cuervo AM All cells count on precise mechanisms that regulate protein homeostasis to maintain a stable and functional proteome. A progressive deterioration in the ability of cells to preserve the stability of their proteome occurs with age and contributes to the functional loss characteristic of old organisms. Molecular chaperones and the proteolytic systems are responsible for this cellular quality control by assuring continuous renewal of intracellular proteins. When protein damage occurs, such as during cellular stress, the coordinated action of these cellular surveillance systems allows detection and repair of the damaged structures or, in many instances, leads to the complete elimination of the altered proteins from inside cells. Dysfunction of the qual... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276438 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3223753&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20109582%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Etgen T, Bickel H, Förstl H Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a heterogeneous condition with cognitive changes between normal aging and dementia. Some forms of MCI are regarded as potential preclinical forms of dementia. The control of treatable somatic risk factors is of great relevance in patients with MCI, particularly as there is insufficient evidence for the efficacy of interventions targeting neurodegenerative processes, as used in manifest dementia. The etiology of MCI is varied including cerebrovascular risk factors and is also associated with metabolic and endocrine factors: Chronic kidney disease is a newly identified and independent risk factor for MCI. Testosterone substitution is useful if a low testosterone level is present but general screening for testost... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3223753 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3223753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3223752&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20109583%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miller RA, Williams JB, Kiklevich JV, Austad S, Harper JM Most prior work on the biological basis of aging has focused on describing differences between young and old individuals but provided only limited insight into the mechanisms controlling the rate of aging. Natural selection has produced a goldmine of experimental material, in the form of species of differing aging rate, whose longevity can vary by 10-fold or more within mammalian orders, but these resources remain largely unexplored at the cellular level. In this review article we focus on one approach to comparative biogerontology: the strategy of evaluating the properties of cultured cells from organisms of varying lifespan and aging rate. In addition, we discuss problems associated with the analysis and interpretatio... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3223752 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3223752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3223754&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20105461%26dopt%3DAbstract This article argues that whether DR will increase longevity is dependent on life-history strategies. Long-lived species are not expected to live much longer under DR, contrarily to short-lived ones. However, species able to cover long distances are not expected to live longer under DR, even if they are short-lived. Human beings are long-lived and can also cover long distances: thus, DR would probably not increase their lifespan. One may wonder whether DR mimetics would have some effects in human beings if DR does not increase longevity in this species. PMID: 20105461 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3223754 Sun, 24 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3223754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072291&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19969105%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mattson MP The most commonly studied laboratory rodents possess a specialized form of fat called brown adipose tissue (BAT) that generates heat to help maintain body temperature in cold environments. In humans, BAT is abundant during embryonic and early postnatal development, but is absent or present in relatively small amounts in adults where it is located in paracervical and supraclavicular regions. BAT cells can 'burn' fatty acid energy substrates to generate heat because they possess large numbers of mitochondria in which oxidative phosphorylation is uncoupled from ATP production as a result of a transmembrane proton leak mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Studies of rodents in which BAT levels are either increased or decreased have revealed a role for BAT in protect... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072291 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3036254&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19941976%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garcia GG, Miller RA It has been postulated that the cytoskeleton controls many aspects of T cell function, including activation, proliferation and apoptosis. Recent advances in our understanding of F-actin polymerization and the Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) family of cytoskeleton signal proteins have provided new insights into immunological synapse formation during T cell activation. During aging there is a significant decline of T cell function largely attributable to declines in activation of CD4 T cells and defects in the formation of the immunological synapse. Here we discuss recent progress in the understanding of how aging alters F-actin and ERM proteins in mouse CD4 T cells, and the implications of these changes for the T cell activation process. PMID: 19941976 [PubM... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3036254 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3036254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030872&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19932197%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu M, Fannin J, Rice KM, Wang B, Blough ER Aging is becoming a critical heath care issue and a burgeoning economic burden on society. Mechanotransduction is the ability of the cell to sense, process, and respond to mechanical stimuli and is an important regulator of physiologic function that has been found to play a role in regulating gene expression, protein synthesis, cell differentiation, tissue growth, and most recently, the pathophysiology of disease. Here we will review some of the recent findings of this field and attempt, where possible, to present changes in mechanotransduction that are associated with the aging process in several selected physiological systems, including musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, neuronal, respiratory systems and skin. PMID: 19932197 [PubM... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030872 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2982162&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19903538%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Salminen A, Kaarniranta K Molecular studies in model organisms have identified potent longevity genes which can delay the aging process and extend the lifespan. Longevity factors promote stress resistance and cellular survival. It seems that the aging process itself is not genetically programmed but a random process involving the loss of molecular fidelity and subsequent accumulation of waste products. This age-related increase in cellular entropy is compatible with the disposable soma theory of aging. A large array of host defence systems has been linked to the NF-kappaB system which is an ancient signaling pathway specialized to host defence, e.g. functioning in immune system. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the NF-kappaB system is activated during aging. Oxidative stres... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2982162 Sat, 07 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2982162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2982164&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19900590%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Popa-Wagner A, Buga AM, Kokaia Z Old age is associated with an enhanced susceptibility to stroke and poor recovery from brain injury, but the cellular processes underlying these phenomena are only partly understood. Therefore, studying the basic mechanisms underlying structural and functional recovery after brain injury in aged subjects is of considerable clinical interest. Behavioral and cytological analyses of rodents that have undergone experimental injury show that: (a) behaviorally, aged rodents are more severely impaired by ischemia than are young animals, and older rodents also show diminished functional recovery; (b) compared to young animals, aged animals develop a larger infarct area, as well as a necrotic zone characterized by a higher rate of cellular degeneration ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2982164 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2982164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2982163&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19900591%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Magalhães JP, Finch CE, Janssens G Recent technological advances that allow faster and cheaper DNA sequencing are now driving biological and medical research. In this review, we provide an overview of state-of-the-art next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms and their applications, including in genome sequencing and resequencing, transcriptional profiling (RNA-Seq) and high-throughput survey of DNA-protein interactions (ChIP-Seq) and of the epigenome. Particularly, we focus on how new methods made possible by NGS can help unravel the biological and genetic mechanisms of aging, longevity and age-related diseases. In the same way, however, NGS platforms open discovery not available before, they also give rise to new challenges, in particular in processing, analyzing and i... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2982163 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2982163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2975854&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19897057%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Starodubtseva MN Mechanical properties are fundamental properties of the cells and tissues of living organisms. The mechanical properties of a single cell as a biocomposite are determined by the interdependent combination of cellular components mechanical properties. Quantitative estimate of the cell mechanical properties depends on a cell state, method of measurement, and used theoretical model. Predominant tendency for the majority of cells with ageing is an increase of cell stiffness and a decrease of cell ability to undergo reversible large deformations. The mechanical signal transduction in old cells becomes less effective than that in young cells, and with ageing, the cells lose the ability of the rapid functional rearrangements of cellular skeleton. The article reviews ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2975854 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2975854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2975855&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19896561%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kamrava M, Gius D, Casagrande G, Kohn E The insulin/insulin growth factor (IGF) pathway is a critical mediator of longevity and aging. Efforts to extend longevity by altering the insulin/IGF pathway may have varying effects on other physiological processes. Reduced insulin/IGF levels may decrease the incidence of certain cancers as well as the risk of developing metastatic disease. However, it may also increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease as well as cardiovascular related mortality. Pursuing the right insulin/IGF pathway targets will require striking a balance between inhibiting cancer cell development and progression and avoiding damage to tissues under normal insulin/IGF mediated control. This review will discuss the roles of the insulin/IGF pathway in agin... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2975855 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2975855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2947631&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19874918%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tiihonen K, Ouwehand AC, Rautonen N Earlier studies have indicated a decrease in anaerobes and bifidobacteria and a concomitant increase in enterobacteria in the intestinal microbiota with ageing. However, new data obtained with molecular techniques suggests decreased stability and increased diversity of the gut microbiota with advancing age. Further, no simple marker change in microbiota composition can be identified. Except for the reduced immune function, ageing itself may have relatively little effect on overall gastrointestinal function. Concomitant changes in nutrition, increased incidence of disease and corresponding use of medication with advancing age modify the composition of the microbial community of the gastrointestinal tract. This minireview will focus on the rec... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2947631 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2947631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2934550&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19853062%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Spindler SR Caloric restriction (CR), reduced protein, methionine, or tryptophan diets; and reduced insulin and/or IGFI intracellular signaling can extend mean and/or maximum lifespan and delay deleterious age-related physiological changes in animals. Mice and flies can shift readily between the control and CR physiological states, even at older ages. Many health benefits are induced by even brief periods of CR in flies, rodents, monkeys, and humans. In humans and nonhuman primates, CR produces most of the physiologic, hematologic, hormonal, and biochemical changes it produces in other animals. In primates, CR provides protection from type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases, immunological decline, malignancy, hepatotoxicity, liver fibrosis and failure, s... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2934550 Tue, 20 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2934550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2900931&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19833233%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tang XN, Yenari MA Hypothermia is a well established cytoprotectant, with remarkable and consistent effects demonstrated across multiple laboratories. At the clinical level, it has recently been shown to improve neurological outcome following cardiac arrest and neonatal hypoxia ischemia. It is increasingly being embraced by the medical community, and could be considered an effective neuroprotectant. Conditions such as brain injury, hepatic encephalopathy and cardiopulmonary bypass seem to benefit from this intervention. It's role in direct myocardial protection is also being explored. A review of the literature has demonstrated that in order to appreciate the maximum benefits of hypothermia, cooling needs to begin soon after the insult, and maintained for relatively long perio... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2900931 Sun, 11 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2900931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2900927&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19833234%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ho YS, So KF, Chang RC Aging is a universal biological process that leads to progressive and deleterious changes in organisms. From ancient time, mankind has already interested in preventing and keeping ourselves young. Anti-aging study is certainly not a new research area. Nowadays, the meaning of anti-aging has been changed from simply prolonging lifespan to increasing health span, which emphasizes more on the quality of life. This is the concept of healthy aging and prevention of pathological aging, which is associated with diseases. Keeping our brain functions as in young age is an important task for neuroscientists to prevent aging-associated neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's diseases (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The causes of these diseases are not fully ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2900927 Sun, 11 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2900927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2748494&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19716529%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saini A, Faulkner S, Al-Shanti N, Stewart C The aim of the present review is to summarise, evaluate and critique the different mechanisms involved in anabolic growth of skeletal muscle and the catabolic processes involved in cancer cachexia and sarcopenia of ageing. This is highly relevant, since they represent targets for future promising clinical investigations. Sarcopenia is an inevitable process associated with a gradual reduction in muscle mass and strength, associated with a reduction in motor unit number and atrophy of muscle fibres, especially the fast type IIa fibres. The loss of muscle mass with ageing is clinically important because it leads to diminished functional ability and associated complications. Cachexia is widely recognised as severe and rapid wasting accom... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2748494 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 10:00:08 +0100 2748494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2748493&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19716530%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Calvanese V, Lara E, Kahn A, Fraga MF The role of epigenetics in aging and age-related diseases is a key issue in molecular physiology and medicine because certain epigenetic factors are thought to mediate, at least in part, the relationship between the genome and the environment. An active role for epigenetics in aging must meet two prior conditions: there must be specific epigenetic changes during aging and they must be functionally associated with the aged phenotype. Assuming that specific epigenetic modifications can have a direct functional outcome in aging, it is also essential to establish whether they depend on genetic, environmental or stochastic factors, and if they can be transmitted from one generation to the next. Here we discuss current knowledge about these matt... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2748493 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 10:00:06 +0100 2748493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2734772&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19698803%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Manini TM The study of energy expenditure (EE) has deep roots in understanding aging and lifespan in all species. In humans, total EE decreases substantially in advanced age resulting from parallel changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and activity EE. For RMR, this reduction appears to be due to a reduction in organ mass and specific metabolic rates of individual tissues. However, these anatomical changes explain very little regarding the decline in activity EE, which is governed by both genetic and environmental sources. The biological control centers for activity EE are closely coupled with body mass fluctuations and seem to originate in the brain. Several candidate neuromodulators may be involved in the age-related reduction of activity EE that include: orexin, agouti-re... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2734772 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2734772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2712464&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19683075%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carosio S, Berardinelli MG, Aucello M, Musarò A Skeletal muscle regeneration is a coordinate process in which several factors are sequentially activated to maintain and preserve muscle structure and function. The major role in the growth, remodeling and regeneration is played by satellite cells, a quiescent population of myogenic cells that reside between the basal lamina and plasmalemma and are rapidly activated in response to appropriate stimuli. However, in several muscle conditions, including aging, the capacity of skeletal muscle to sustain an efficient regenerative pathway is severely compromised. Nevertheless, if skeletal muscle possesses a stem cell compartment it is not clear why the muscle fails to regenerate under pathological conditions. Either the resident mu... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2712464 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2712464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696354&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19664726%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ogra PL PMID: 19664726 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696354 Mon, 03 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2696354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2662808&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19643206%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Munshi-South J, Wilkinson GS Bats and birds live substantially longer on average than non-flying mammals of similar body size. The combination of small body size, high metabolic rates, and long lifespan in bats and birds would not seem to support oxidative theories of ageing that view senescence as the gradual accumulation of damage from metabolic byproducts. However, large-scale comparative analyses and laboratory studies on a few emerging model species have identified multiple mechanisms for resisting oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and cellular structures in both bats and birds. Here we review these recent findings, and suggest areas in which additional progress on ageing mechanisms can be made using bats and birds as novel systems. New techniques for determining the ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2662808 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2662808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2662807&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19643207%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Solfrizzi V, Frisardi V, Capurso C, D'Introno A, Colacicco AM, Vendemiale G, Capurso A, Panza F Drugs currently used in the treatment of cognitive impairment and dementia have a very limited therapeutic value, suggesting the necessity to potentially individualize new strategies able to prevent and to slow down the progression of predementia and dementia syndromes. An increasing body of epidemiological evidence suggested that elevated saturated fatty acids (SFA) could have negative effects on age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Furthermore, a clear reduction of risk for cognitive decline has been found in population samples with elevated fish consumption, high intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUF... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2662807 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2662807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2650371&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19631766%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tabarean I, Morrison B, Marcondes MC, Bartfai T, Conti B Temperature is an important modulator of longevity and aging in both poikilotherms and homeotherm animals. In homeotherms, temperature homeostasis is regulated primarily in the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus. This region receives and integrates peripheral, central and environmental signals and maintains a nearly constant core body temperature (T(core)) by regulating the autonomic and hormonal control of heat production and heat dissipation. Temperature sensitive neurons found in the POA are considered key elements of the neuronal circuitry modulating these effects. Nutrient homeostasis is also a hypothalamically regulated modulator of aging as well as one of the signals that can influence T(core) in homeotherms.... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2650371 Tue, 21 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2650371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2626796&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19619671%26dopt%3DAbstract ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AND AGING: AN UPDATE. Ageing Res Rev. 2009 Jul 17; Authors: Herrera MD, Mingorance C, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Sotomayor MA Aging is an important risk factor for the development of many cardiovascular diseases as atherosclerosis and hypertension with a common underlying circumstance: the progressive decline of endothelial function. Vascular endothelial dysfunction occurs during the human aging process and is accompanied by deterioration in the balance between vasodilator and vasoconstriction substances produced by the endothelium. This imbalance is mainly characterized by a progressive reduction of the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and an increase in the production of cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived vasoconstrictor factors. Both circumstances... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2626796 Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2626796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2626795&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19619672%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weinert D In the present paper, an attempt is made to summarize current knowledge concerning the daily body temperature rhythm and its age-dependent alterations. Homeostatic and circadian control mechanisms are considered. Special attention is paid to the circadian system, as the mechanisms of autonomic control are the topic of another contribution to this special issue. Also, the interactions of the core body temperature rhythm with other circadian functions are discussed in detail as they constitute an essential part of the internal temporal order of living systems and thus guarantee their optimal functioning. In the second part of the paper, age-dependent changes in the circadian body temperature rhythm and their putative causes, considering circadian and homeostatic compon... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2626795 Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2626795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2626798&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19615470%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abete P, Cacciatore F, Testa G, Della-Morte D, Galizia G, de Santis D, Calabrese C, Cioppa A, Ferrara N, Rengo F Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries for people older than 65 years of age. The reasons are still unclear. A reduction of endogenous mechanisms against ischemic insults has been proposed to explain this phenomenon. Cardiac ischemic preconditioning represents the most powerful endogenous protective mechanism against ischemia. Brief episodes of ischemia are able to protect the heart against a following more prolonged ischemic period. This protective mechanism seems to be reduced with aging both in experimental and clinical studies. Alterations of mediators release and/or intracellular pathways may be responsible for age-rel... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2626798 Mon, 13 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2626798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2591952&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19589398%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arjamaa O, Nikinmaa M, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly throughout the world. AMD is attributed to a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. It is characterized by degeneration involving the retinal photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and Bruch's membrane, as well as alterations in choroidal capillaries. Aging and age-associated degenerative diseases, such as AMD, are intimately associated with decreased levels of tissue oxygenation and hypoxia that may induce accumulation of detrimental RPE -associated deposits, inflammation and neovascularization processes in retina. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is the master regulator for hypoxia-induced cellular ada... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2591952 Sun, 05 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2591952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543505&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19427410%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rajawat YS, Hilioti Z, Bossis I The lysosomal network is the major intracellular proteolytic system accounting for more than 98% of long-lived bulk protein degradation and recycling particularly in tissues such as liver and muscles. Lysosomes are the final destination of intracellular damaged structures, identified and sequestered by the processes of macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). In the process of macroautophagy, long-lived proteins and other macromolecular aggregates and damaged intracellular organelles are first engulfed by autophagosomes. Autophagosomes themselves have limited degrading capacity and rely on fusion with lysosomes. Unlike macroautophagy, CMA does not require intermediate vesicle formation and the cytosolic proteins recognized by this ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543505 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:37:28 +0100 2543505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543504&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19427411%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Puzianowska-Kuznicka M, Kuznicki J Increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration occurs by Ca(2+) influx through the plasma membrane and by Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores. The ER is the most important Ca(2+) store. Its stress, characterized by the impairment of Ca(2+) homeostasis and by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, can be induced by different factors. In turn, it induces defense mechanisms such as unfolded protein response, and when it is severe and prolonged, activation of the apoptotic pathway. Damage to the ER, impairment of its function, and a decreased level of its Ca(2+)-handling proteins might all play a role in physiological ageing by handicapping the ER stress response. Thus, healthy ageing is accompanied by subtle alterations of Ca(2+) homeostas... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543504 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:37:26 +0100 2543504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543503&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19439199%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sinclair DA, Oberdoerffer P Of all the proposed causes of ageing, DNA damage remains a leading, though still debated theory. Unlike most other types of age-related cellular damage, which can hypothetically be reversed, mutations in DNA are permanent. Such errors result in the accumulation of changes to RNA and protein sequences with age, and are tightly linked to cellular senescence and overall organ dysfunction. Over the past few years, an additional, more global role has emerged for the contribution of DNA damage and genomic instability to the ageing process. We, and others have found that DNA damage and the concomitant repair process can induce genome-wide epigenetic changes, which may promote a variety of age-related transcriptional and functional changes. Here, we discuss... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543503 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:37:24 +0100 2543503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543500&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19491039%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu F, Yao PJ Thanks to new evidence we are now a step closer to understanding how neurons produce amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta)-the chief culprit of Alzheimer's disease. As importance of clathrin-mediated endocytosis to normal neurons has become clearer, so has its role in pathology of neurological disorders. Here we update recent evidence that endocytosis plays a central role in the production of Abeta in neurons. PMID: 19491039 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543500 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:37:18 +0100 2543500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543499&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19491040%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Naidoo N The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle which co-ordinates protein folding, lipid biosynthesis, calcium storage and release. Perturbations that disrupt ER homeostasis lead to the misfolding of proteins, ER stress and up-regulation of a signaling pathway called the ER stress response or the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is characterized by the induction of chaperones, degradation of misfolded proteins and attenuation of protein translation. Age-related declines and activity in key molecular chaperones and folding enzymes compromise proper protein folding and the adaptive response of the UPR. This review will highlight age-related changes in the protein folding machinery and in the UPR. PMID: 19491040 [PubMed - in process] (Source: A... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543499 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:37:16 +0100 2543499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543498&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19491041%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Finley LW, Haigis MC Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that integrate environmental signals to regulate energy production, apoptosis and Ca(2+) homeostasis. Not surprisingly, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with aging and the pathologies observed in age-related diseases. The vast majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome, and so communication between the nucleus and mitochondria is essential for maintenance of appropriate mitochondrial function. Several proteins have emerged as major regulators of mitochondrial gene expression, capable of increasing transcription of mitochondrial genes in response to the physiological demands of the cell. In this review, we will focus on PGC-1alpha, SIRT1, AMPK and mTOR and discuss how these proteins regula... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543498 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:37:14 +0100 2543498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543497&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19491042%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maier AB, Westendorp RG Replicative ageing of fibroblasts in vitro has often been used as a model for organismal ageing. The general assumption that the ageing process is mirrored by cellular senescence in vitro is based on lower replicative capacity of human fibroblasts from patients with accelerated ageing syndromes, patients with age related diseases such as diabetes mellitus, and donors of higher chronological age, but these inverse relations have not been reported unequivocally. Therefore, we have performed a formal review on the replicative capacity of fibroblasts from patients suffering from accelerated ageing syndromes, age related diseases and donor age. Some 13 studies including 79 patients with accelerated ageing syndromes showed replicative capacity of fibroblasts ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543497 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:37:12 +0100 2543497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543496&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19491043%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fu X, Sun X In the past few years, the plasticity of adult cells in several post-natal tissues has attracted special attention in regenerative medicine. Skin is the largest organ in the body. Adult skin consists of epidermis, dermis and appendages such as hair and glands that are linked to the epidermis but project deep into the dermal layer. Stem cell biology of skin has been a focus of increasing interest in current life science. Committed stem cells with a limited differentiation potential for regeneration and repair of epidermis have been known for decades. Recent studies further found that adult skin tissues contain cell populations with pluripotent characteristics. Multipotent stem cells from skin with and without hair follicles, both in epidermal and dermal tissues, can... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543496 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:37:10 +0100 2543496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543495&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19496238%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seripa D, Panza F, Franceschi M, D'Onofrio G, Solfrizzi V, Dallapiccola B, Pilotto A The genetic epidemiology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) remains a very active area of research,making it one of the most prolifically published areas in medicine and biology. Numerous putative candidate genes have been proposed. However, with the exception of apolipoprotein E (APOE), the only confirmed genetic risk factor for SAD, all the other data appear to be not consistent. Nevertheless, the genetic risk for SAD attributable to the APOE gene in the general population is 20-0%, providing a strong evidence for the existence of additional genetic risk factors. The first part of the present article was dedicated to non-APOE genetics of SAD, reviewing chromosomes-by-chromosomes the avail... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543495 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:37:08 +0100 2543495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543494&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19524071%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Singh SP, Häder DP, Sinha RP Cyanobacteria are primitive photosynthetic oxygen-evolving prokaryotes that appeared on the Earth when there was no ozone layer to protect them from damaging ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR has both direct and indirect effects on the cyanobacteria due to absorption by biomolecules and UVR-induced oxidative stress, respectively. However, these organisms have developed several lines of mitigation strategies/defense mechanisms such as avoidance, scavenging, screening, repair and programmed cell death to counteract the damaging effects of UVR. This review presents an update on the effects of UVR on cyanobacteria and the defense mechanisms employed by these prokaryotes to withstand UVR stress. In addition, recent developments in the field of molec... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543494 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543493&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19524072%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: We concluded here that in old age, the associations of depression with some chronic diseases were definite; among these chronic diseases, stroke, loss of hearing, loss of vision, cardiac disease and chronic lung disease were risk factors for increased depression, but it should be further investigated whether arthritis, hypertension and diabetes were risk factors for increased depression or not. PMID: 19524072 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ageing Research Reviews) Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543493 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543502&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19464390%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Snijders T, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJ It has been well-established that the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, or sarcopenia, impairs skeletal muscle function and reduces functional performance at a more advanced age. Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC), as precursors of new myonuclei, have been suggested to be involved in the development of sarcopenia. In accordance with the type II muscle fiber atrophy observed in the elderly, recent studies report a concomitant fiber type specific reduction in SC content. Resistance type exercise interventions have proven effective to augment skeletal muscle mass and improve muscle function in the elderly. In accordance, recent work shows that resistance type exercise training can augment type II muscle fiber size and reverse the ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543502 Wed, 20 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543501&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19464391%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mazin AL DNA cytosine methylation can affect genetic and epigenetic processes, works as a part of the genome-defense system and has mutagenic activity; however, the biological functions of this enzymatic modification are not well understood. This review will put forward the hypothesis that the host-defense role of DNA methylation in silencing and mutational destroying of retroviruses and other intragenomic parasites was extended during evolution to most host genes that have to be inactivated in differentiated somatic cells, where it acquired a new function in age-related self-destruction of the genome. The proposed model considers DNA methylation as the generator of 5mC>T transitions that induce most of the multiple classes of spontaneous mutations at CpG and CpNpG methylat... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543501 Wed, 20 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543506&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19389489%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun L, Bai Y, Du G Due to ageing populations and improvements in survival, increasing numbers of patients suffering from ischemic cardiovascular disease are not amenable to revascularization. Hence, interests are currently focused on "therapeutic angiogenesis", which is the clinical use of growth factors to enhance or promote the development of collateral blood vessels in ischemic tissue. Several growth factors (or genes encoding these growth factors) are now available for therapeutic vascular growth in normal and ischemic tissues. However, the successes of angiogenic therapy observed in pre-clinical studies have not been realized in clinical trials. Most animal studies demonstrating the physiologic effectiveness of angiogenic therapies have been performed in normal young anim... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543506 Mon, 20 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543508&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19376275%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mangialasche F, Polidori MC, Monastero R, Ercolani S, Camarda C, Cecchetti R, Mecocci P Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly. Products of oxidative and nitrosative stress (OS and NS, respectively) accumulate with aging, which is the main risk factor for AD. This provides the basis for the involvement of OS and NS in AD pathogenesis. OS and NS occur in biological systems due to the dysregulation of the redox balance, caused by a deficiency of antioxidants and/or the overproduction of free radicals. Free radical attack against lipids, proteins, sugars and nucleic acids leads to the formation of bioproducts whose detection in fluids and tissues represents the currently available method for assessing oxidative/nitrosative damage. Post-mortem ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543508 Thu, 16 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543507&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19376276%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lescai F, Marchegiani F, Franceschi C Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is one of the most studied genes regarding cardiovascular risk, oxidative stress and inflammation. Several lines of evidence suggests that PON1 promotes an atheroprotective effect. Patients carrying PON1 codon 192 QQ genotype display a higher risk of cardiovascular events, the major cause of mortality in the elderly: it can be predicted that gene variants increasing the risk of mortality will be under-represented in long-living individuals. We first reported that PON1 R allele (R+) carriers are significantly more represented in Italian centenarians; subsequently this topic has been addressed by many other groups, and here we report a meta-analysis on 11 studies in different populations selected by a review of the liter... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543507 Thu, 16 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2255667&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19274852%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hooshmand S, Arjmandi BH Osteoporosis is a debilitating disorder that affects both female and male, albeit to a greater extent in women than men. As the demographic shift to a more aged population continues, a growing number of men and women will be afflicted with osteoporosis and a search for potential non-pharmacological alternative therapies for osteoporosis is of prime interest. Aside from existing drug therapies, certain lifestyle and nutritional factors are known to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Among nutritional factors, recent observations suggest that dried plum, or prunes (Prunus domestica L.) is the most effective fruit in both preventing and reversing bone loss. Animal studies and a 3-month clinical trial conducted in our laboratories have shown that dried plum ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2255667 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 17:30:58 +0100 2255667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2255666&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19274853%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaarniranta K, Salminen A, Eskelinen EL, Kopitz J Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the major diagnosis for severe and irreversible central loss of vision in elderly people in the developed countries. The loss of vision involves primarily a progressive degeneration and cell death of postmitotic retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE), which secondarily evokes adverse effects on photoreceptor cells. The RPE cells are exposed to chronic oxidative stress from three sources: their high levels of oxygen consumption, their exposure to the high levels of lipid peroxidation derived from the photoreceptor outer segments and their exposure to constant light stimuli. Cells increase the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in order to normalize their growth conditions in respon... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2255666 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 17:30:32 +0100 2255666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2255664&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19274854%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rajah MN, Bastianetto S, Bromley-Brits K, Cools R, D'Esposito M, Grady CL, Poirier J, Quirion R, Raz N, Rogaeva E, Song W, Pruessner J The Douglas Mental Health University Institute, in collaboration with the McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, organized a 2-day symposium entitled "Biological Changes Associated with Healthy Versus Pathological Aging" that was held in 13 and 14 December 2007 on the Douglas campus. The symposium involved presentations on current trends in aging and dementia research across several sub-disciplines: genetics, neurochemistry, structural and functional neuroimaging and clinical treatment and rehabilitation. The goal of this symposium was to provide a forum for knowledge-transfer between scientists and clinicians with different specializations in ord... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2255664 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 17:30:11 +0100 2255664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2131203&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19162241%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Min LJ, Mogi M, Iwai M, Horiuchi M Angiotensin (Ang) II, the major effector of the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), has multiple functions in regulating cardiovascular hemodynamics and structure. Recent evidence strongly supports that Ang II promotes the onset and progression of vascular senescence, which is associated with vascular functional and structural changes, contributing to age-related vascular diseases. The vast majority of the cardiovascular actions of Ang II, including vascular senescence, are mediated by the Ang II type-1 (AT(1)) receptor. Similar to its growth-promoting process, the signaling mechanisms of AT(1) receptor-mediated vascular senescence-promoting effects involve activation of small G-protein Ras such as Ki-ras2A, mitogen-activated protei... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2131203 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2131203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2073672&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19114129%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mimeault M, Batra SK Recent advancements in tissue-resident adult stem/progenitor cell research have revealed that enhanced telomere attrition, oxidative stress, ultraviolet radiation exposure and oncogenic events leading to severe DNA damages and genomic instability may occur in these immature and regenerative cells during chronological aging. Particularly, the alterations in key signaling components controlling their self-renewal capacity and an up-regulation of tumor suppressor gene products such as p16(INK4A), p19(ARF), ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, p53 and/or the forkhead box O (FOXOs) family of transcription factors may result in their dysfunctions, growth arrest and senescence or apoptotic death during the aging process. These molecular events may culminat... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2073672 Tue, 09 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2073672 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2065128&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19103308%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu P, Zhou B, Gu D, Zhang L, Han Z Atherosclerosis, an inflammatory process that selectively affects arteries, is highly prevalent in human. Thrombo-occlusive complications of atherosclerosis, including stroke and myocardial infarction, are becoming major causes of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. Atherosclerosis develops in response to local endothelial injuries. Endothelial dysfunction and cell loss are prominent features in atherosclerosis. Restoring the endothelial lining to normal is critical for slowing or reversing the progression of atherosclerosis. Increasing data suggest that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a significant role in reendothelialization of the injured blood vessels. This review focuses on the effects of EPC mobilization and ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2065128 Wed, 03 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2065128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2026684&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19063999%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kennelly SP, Lawlor BA, Kenny RA Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are important causes of cognitive decline in the elderly. As a result of the aging population, the incidence of dementia is expected to increase substantially over the coming decades. Many studies have identified that vascular risk factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of both AD and VaD. Longitudinal studies have suggested that high blood pressure in midlife is associated with a higher incidence of both AD and VaD in later life. The association appears weaker for hypertension in later life. Some studies also suggest that hypotension; especially low diastolic blood pressure in late-life is also associated with an increased risk of AD. Long-standing hypertension may lead to severe atheros... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2026684 Fri, 21 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2026684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1980426&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19022406%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang Y, Sun Z Klotho is a new anti-aging gene. Genetic mutation of klotho causes multiple premature aging-like phenotypes and strikingly shortens lifespan. Overexpression of the klotho gene in mice suppresses aging and extends lifespan which may involve the mechanism of suppression of insulin signaling and oxidant stress. Klotho functions as a cofactor/coreceptor regulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 signaling. Klotho acts as a glucuronidase and activates ion channel TRPV5. Klotho protects against endothelial dysfunction and regulates the production of nitric oxide. Klotho also influences intracellular signaling pathways including p53/p21, cAMP, protein kinase C (PKC) and Wnt signaling pathways. The discovery of klotho has a great impact on aging research. The purpose o... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1980426 Fri, 31 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1980426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1980427&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19022405%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang GQ, Zhang W An increasing body of research and evidence indicates that resting heart rate (HR) is inversely related to the lifespan among homeothermic mammals and within individual species. In numerous human studies with patients stratified by resting HR, increased HR is universally associated with greater risk of death. The correlation between HR and maximum lifespan seems to be due to both basal metabolic rate and cardiovascular-related mortality risk. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors are already postulated to determine how the biological clock works, through regulating and modulating the processes such as protein oxidation, free radical production, inflammation and telomere shortening. Given the remarkable correlation between HR and lifespan, resting HR should be ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1980427 Thu, 30 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1980427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1894703&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18930842%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Di Bona D, Vasto S, Capurso C, Christiansen L, Deiana L, Franceschi C, Hurme M, Mocchegiani E, Rea M, Lio D, Candore G, Caruso C Several studies have assessed changes in frequency of -174 interleukin (IL)-6 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with age. If IL-6 tracks with disability and age-related diseases, then there should be reduction, in the oldest old, of the frequency of homozgyous GG subjects, who produce higher IL-6 levels. However, discordant results have been obtained. To explore the relationship between this polymorphism and longevity, we analyzed individual data on long-living subjects and controls from eight case-control studies conducted in Europeans, using meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in the IL-6 genotype between the oldest old and contro... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1894703 Sat, 27 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1894703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1797915&cid=s_34430_50_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18789403%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Luo F, Zhou XL, Li JJ, Hui RT Aortic dissection is an age-dependent life-threatening cardiovascular disease with high mortality rates. Recent research has shown that inflammation plays an important role in aortic dissection. Inflammatory cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, not only increase the expression of proteases and cell adhesion molecules but also release reactive oxygen species. These cells also contribute to apoptosis of smooth muscle cells in the aortic artery, and finally lead to medial degradation. This process has been considered to be the principal mechanism for aortic dissection. Furthermore, changes in systemic inflammatory biomarkers are associated with acute-phase reactions and complications in aortic dissection. These biomarkers are also used to pred... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1797915 Fri, 22 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1797915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1759725&cid=s_34430_176_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18762281%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prisby RD, Lafage-Proust MH, Malaval L, Belli A, Vico L Previous investigations reported enhanced osseous parameters subsequent to administration of whole body vibration (WBV). While the efficacy of WBV continues to be explored, scientific inquiries should consider several key factors. Bone remodeling patterns differ according to age and hormonal status. Therefore, WBV protocols should be designed specifically for the subject population investigated. Further, administration of WBV to individuals at greatest risk for osteoporosis may elicit secondary physiological benefits (e.g., improved balance and mobility). Secondly, there is a paucity of data in the literature regarding the physiological modulation of WBV on other organ systems and tissues. Vibration-induced modulation of ... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1759725 Tue, 12 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1759725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1708787&cid=s_34430_176_f&fid=34430&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18703168%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sowell RA, Owen JB, Allan Butterfield D The risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) increases with age. AD and PD are the two most common neurodegenerative diseases that currently affect millions of persons within the United States population. While many clues about the mechanisms of these disorders have been uncovered, to date, the molecular mechanisms associated with the cause of these diseases are not completely understood. Furthermore, there are no available cures or preventive treatments for either disorder. Animal models of AD and PD, though not perfect, offer a means to gain knowledge of the basic biochemistry associated with these disorders and with drug efficacy. The field of proteomics which focuses... Ageing Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1708787 Fri, 18 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1708787