MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Am J Physiol Endocri...' source. Sat, 20 Mar 2010 14:12:53 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3332059&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197503%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perez-Tilve D, González-Matías LC, Aulinger BA, Alvarez-Crespo M, Gil-Lozano M, Alvarez E, Andrade MA, Tschoep MH, D'Alessio D, Mallo F Exendin-4 (Ex-4), an agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1r), shares many of the actions of GLP-1 on pancreatic islets, the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract that mediate glucose homeostasis and food intake. Because Ex-4 has a much longer plasma half-life than GLP-1, it is an effective drug for reducing blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here we report that acute administration of Ex-4, in relatively high doses, either into the peripheral circulation or the CNS, paradoxically increased blood glucose levels in rats. This effect was independent of the insulinotrop... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3332059 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3332059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3332058&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197504%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Enhanced platelet aggregation and activation markers are found in the metabolic syndrome associated to low adiponectin concentrations. Novel evidence is provided demonstrating that adiponectin has anti-thrombotic properties, since it inhibits platelet aggregation and platelet activation. PMID: 20197504 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3332058 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3332058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3298840&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20173014%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ietta F, Bechi N, Romagnoli R, Bhattacharjee J, Realacci M, Di Vito M, Ferretti C, Paulesu L Successful pregnancy involves a series of events, most of them mediated by hormones and cytokines. Estrogens, besides being important for placental growth and embryo development, have a marked effect on the immune system exerting either pro- or anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous studies suggest that estrogens directly affect cellular function, including cytokine production. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in pregnancy, particularly during the earlier stages of placentation. Since reports on mice have shown that estrogens modulate MIF, herein we investigated the effect of estrogens on human placental MIF. By using an in vitro model... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3298840 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 20:26:06 +0100 3298840 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240220&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20124506%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, SHP activation in adipocytes strongly affects weight gain and diet-induced obesity. Developing synthetic compound to antagonize the effect of SHP may prove to be useful in treating obesity. PMID: 20124506 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240220 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3240220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240219&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20124507%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) plays an important role in adiponectin synthesis by producing NO and enhancing mitochondrial function in adipocytes. We examined the effects of eNOS knockdown on adiponectin synthesis in 3T3L1 adipocytes, and also examined plasma adiponectin levels and the mitochondria in adipose tissue of eNOS knockout (eNOS(-/-)) mice with and without chronic administration of a NO donor. In cultured 3T3L1 adipocytes, eNOS siRNA decreased rosiglitazone-induced adiponectin secretion, which was associated with decreases in mitochondrial proteins and biogenesis factors. Plasma adiponectin concentrations were reduced in adult eNOS(-/-) mice, compared to age-matched wild-type mice. Mitochondrial contents in adipose tissue wer... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240219 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3240219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240218&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20124508%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Insulin exerts cardioprotective effect against MI/R injury by blocking ONOO(-) formation. Increased physiological NO production (via eNOS phosphorylation) and superoxide anion reduction contribute to the antioxidative/antinitrative effect of insulin, which can be reversed by inhibiting PI3 Kinase. These results provide important novel information on the mechanisms of cardiovascular actions of insulin. PMID: 20124508 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240218 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3240218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3215145&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20103736%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Denti P, Bertoldo A, Vicini P, Cobelli C Population approaches, traditionally employed in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies, have shown value also in the context of glucose-insulin metabolism models, by providing more accurate individual parameters estimates and a compelling statistical framework for the analysis of between-subject variability (BSV). In this work, the advantages of population techniques are further explored by proposing integration of covariates in the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) glucose minimal model analysis. A previously published dataset of 204 healthy subjects, who underwent insulin-modified IVGTTs, was analyzed in NONMEM, and relevant demographic information about each subject were employed to explain part of BSV observed in paramete... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3215145 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3215145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3215144&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20103737%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ruderman NB, Xu XJ, Nelson LE, Cacicedo JM, Saha AK, Lan F, Ido Y AMPK activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the histone/protein deacetylase SIRT1 are fuel sensing molecules that have co-existed in cells throughout evolution. When a cell's energy state is diminished, AMPK activation restores energy balance by stimulating catabolic processes that generate ATP and downregulating anabolic processes that consume ATP, but are not acutely needed for survival. SIRT1 in turn is best known historically for producing genetic changes that mediate the increase in longevity caused by calorie restriction. Although the two molecules have been intensively studied for many years, only recently has it become apparent that they have similar effects on such diverse processes as cellular fuel metabo... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3215144 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3215144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3215143&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20103738%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: These data suggest that the insulin resistance and chronic HPA-axis hyperactivity in LBW rats can be reversed by treatment with an ESC, which down-regulates HPA-axis activity, lowers glucocorticoid exposure and restores insulin sensitivity in LBW rats. PMID: 20103738 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3215143 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3215143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3215142&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20103739%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Iskandar K, Cao Y, Hayashi Y, Nakata M, Takano E, Yada T, Zhang C, Ogawa W, Oki M, Chua S, Itoh H, Noda T, Kasuga M, Nakae J Both insulin and leptin signaling converge on phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K)/3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 (PDK1)/protein kinase B (PKB, also known Akt) in Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Forkhead box-containing protein O (FoxO) 1 is inactivated in a PI(3)K-dependent manner. However, the interrelationship between PI(3)K/PDK1/Akt and FoxO1 and the chronic effects of the overexpression of FoxO1 in POMC neurons on energy homeostasis has not been elucidated. To determine the extent to which PDK1 and FoxO1 signaling in POMC neurons was responsible for energy homeostasis, we generated POMC neuron-specific Pdk1 knockout mice (POM... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3215142 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3215142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3215141&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20103740%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sadeghi H, Taylor HS Expression of the GABA(A) pi receptor has been previously described in the human endometrium in both luminal epithelium and stroma. Its expression is increased during decidualization in rodents and in the implantation window of human endometrium. Here we localized GABA pi subunit receptor protein in human endometrium and identified regulators of gene expression and activation. GABA(A) pi was localized to the cell surface and expression increased during the window of embryo implantation in human endometrium. The well-differentiated human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line Ishikawa was treated with progesterone, transfected with pcDNA/HOXA10, HOXA10 siRNA or respective controls. GABA(A) pi receptor mRNA expression was evaluated by real time RT-PCR. Protein... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3215141 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3215141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3215140&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20103741%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brindley DN, Kok BP, Kienesberger PC, Lehner R, Dyck JR Brindley DN, Kok BPC, Kienesberger PC, Richard Lehner R, Dyck JRB. Excessive fatty acid (FA) uptake by cardiac myocytes is often associated with adverse changes in cardiac function. This is especially evident in diabetic individuals where increased intra-myocardial triacylglycerol (TG) resulting from the exposure to high levels of circulating FA has been proposed to be a major contributor to diabetic cardiomyopathy. At present, our knowledge of how the heart regulates FA storage in TG and the hydrolysis of this TG is limited. This review will concentrate on what is known about TG turnover within the heart and how this is likely to be regulated by extrapolating results from other tissues. We will also assess the evidence a... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3215140 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3215140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3215139&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20103742%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peiris HN, Ponnampalam AP, Osepchook CC, Mitchell MD, Green MP Maternal under-nutrition during gestation is known to be detrimental to fetal development, leading to a propensity for metabolic disorders later in the adult lives of the offspring. Identifying possible mediators and physiological processes involved in modulating nutrient transport within the placenta are essential in order to prevent and/or develop treatments for the effects of aberrant nutrition, nutrient transfer and detrimental changes to fetal development. A potential role for myostatin, as a mediator of nutrient uptake and transport from the mother to the fetus, was shown through the recent finding that myostatin acts within the human placenta to modulate glucose uptake and therefore homeostasis. The mRNA and... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3215139 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3215139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3215138&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20103743%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Osterlund KL, Handa RJ, Gonzales RJ Both protective and non-protective effects of androgens on the cardiovascular system have been reported. Our previous studies show that the potent androgen receptor (AR) agonist dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increases levels of the vascular inflammatory mediator cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in rodent cerebral arteries independent of any inflammatory stimulus. Little is known about the effects of androgens on inflammation in human vascular tissues. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that DHT alters COX-2 levels in both the absence and presence of induced inflammation in primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC). Furthermore, we tested the ancillary hypothesis that DHT's effects on COX-2 levels are AR-dependent. Cells were treated wi... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3215138 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3215138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3215137&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20103744%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hare K, Vilsbøll T, Holst JJ, Knop FK Hyperglucagonemia following oral glucose ingestion in patients with type 1 diabetes (and type 2 diabetes) has been claimed to result from impaired intra-islet insulin inhibition of glucagon. We looked at plasma glucagon responses to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and isoglycemic intravenous (iv) glucose infusion (IIGI), respectively, in patients with type 1 diabetes. Nine patients without residual beta cell function (age: 25+/-9 years; body mass index (BMI): 24+/-2 kg/m(2); fasting plasma glucose (FPG): 9.5+/-2.1 mM; HbA1c: 8.4+/-1.2% (mean+/-standard deviation)) and 8 healthy subjects (age: 28+/-5 years; BMI: 24+/-3 kg/m(2); FPG: 5.3+/-0.2 mM; HbA1c: 5.0+/-0.1%) were examined on two separate occasions: 4-hour 50 g-OGTT and IIGI. ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3215137 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3215137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3198242&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20086198%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined chronic norepinephrine suppression of insulin secretion in sheep fetuses with placental insufficiency-induced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was measured with a square-wave hyperglycemic clamp in the presence or absence of adrenergic receptor antagonists, phentolamine (alpha) and propranolol (beta). IUGR fetuses were hypoglycemic, hypoxemic, and had lower GSIS responsiveness (P</=0.05) compared to control fetuses. IUGR fetuses also had elevated plasma norepinephrine (3264+/-614 vs. 570+/-86 pg/mL; P</=0.05) and epinephrine (164+/-32 vs. 60+/-12 pg/mL; P</=0.05) concentrations. In control fetuses, adrenergic inhibition increased baseline plasma insulin concentrations (1.7 fold, P</=0.05), whereas dur... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3198242 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3198242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3198241&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20086199%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Janovska A, Hatzinikolas G, Mano M, Wittert GA A high saturated fat diet (HFD) induces obesity and insulin resistance (IR). IR has been linked to alterations and increased saturation in the phospholipid composition of skeletal muscles. We aimed to determine whether HFD feeding affects fatty acid (FA) membrane profile in a muscle fiber-type specific manner. We measured phospholipid FAs and expression of FA synthesis genes in oxidative soleus (SOL) and glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from rats fed either standard chow (SLD) or a HFD. The HFD increased fat mass, plasma insulin and leptin levels. Compared with EDL, SOL muscles preferentially accumulated C18 over C16 FAs and n-6 over n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) on either diet. With the HFD, SOL muscles contai... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3198241 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3198241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3198240&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20086200%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aoi W, Naito Y, Mizushima K, Takanami Y, Kawai Y, Ichikawa H, Yoshikawa T MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation that have been shown to be involved in growth, development, function, and stress responses of various organs. The purpose of this study was to identify the miRNA response to physical activity, which was related to functions such as nutrient metabolism, although the miRNAs involved are currently unknown. C57BL/6 mice were divided into exercise and control groups. The exercise group performed running exercise with a gradual increase of the load over 4 weeks. On the other hand, to examine the effect of muscle inactivity, the unilateral hind limb of other mice was fixed in a cast for 5 days. Microarray analysis for m... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3198240 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3198240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3198239&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20086201%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, rather large weight losses (more than 5-7%) were found to have beneficial effects on circulating inflammatory markers in these obese subjects. Aerobic exercise for 12weeks which increased VO2max was found to have no effects on circulating inflammatory markers in these obese patients. It is suggested that more intensive exercise may be necessary to affect systemic inflammation. PMID: 20086201 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3198239 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3198239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3174262&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20071559%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wada T, Hori S, Sugiyama M, Fujisawa E, Nakano T, Tsuneki H, Nagira K, Saito S, Sasaoka T Maternal insulin resistance is essential for efficient provision of glucose to the fetus. Although elevation of placental hormones is known to relate to the development of insulin resistance, the precise underlying mechanism of maternal insulin resistance is unknown. Therefore, we examined the molecular mechanisms of progesterone causing insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Progesterone at 10(-4) M, but not 10(-5) M reduced the amount of IRS1. As a result, insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1, the association of IRS1 with p85alpha, and subsequent phosphorylation of Akt-1,-2 was moderately decreased by 10(-4) M progesterone. Subsequently, insulin-induced translocation of Glut4 to th... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3174262 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3174262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3174261&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20071560%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sharoff CG, Hagobian TA, Malin SK, Chipkin SR, Yu H, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ, Braun B The results from the Diabetes Prevention Program highlight the effectiveness of metformin and regular physical activity in the prevention of Type 2 diabetes. The mechanism by which these treatments prevent diabetes is by improving insulin sensitivity. Metformin and exercise independently increase insulin sensitivity; however, the combined effects have not been studied. To assess the combined effects, we studied 2 groups of insulin resistant subjects matched for, weight, body fat, fitness and degree of insulin resistance. The 1st group (n=9) was studied before treatment (B), after 2-3 weeks of 2000 mg/day metformin (MET), and after metformin plus 40min of exercise at 65%VO(2peak) (MET+Ex). Th... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3174261 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3174261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3174260&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20071561%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Watt MJ, Spriet LL Fatty acids derived from the hydrolysis of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle triacylglycerol (TG) are an important energy substrate at rest and during physical activity. This review outlines the identification of the new TG lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase, the current understanding of how cellular TG lipases are regulated, and the implications for understanding the integrated control of TG lipolysis. Further, this review outlines recent advances that propose a 'revised' role for TG lipases in cellular function, metabolic homeostasis and disease prevention. PMID: 20071561 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3174260 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3174260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3174259&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20071562%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nyman LR, Ford E, Powers AC, Piston DW Pancreatic islets are highly vascularized and arranged so that regions containing beta-cells are distinct from those containing other cell types. While islet blood flow has been studied extensively, little is known about the dynamics of islet blood flow during hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. To investigate changes in islet blood flow as a function of blood glucose level, we clamped blood glucose sequentially at hyperglycemic (~300 mg/dl or 16.8 mM) and hypoglycemic (~50 mg/dl or 2.8 mM) levels while simultaneously imaging intra-islet blood flow in mouse models that express GFP in the beta-cells or yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) in the alpha-cells. Using line-scanning, confocal microscopy, in vivo blood flow was assayed after intravenous ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3174259 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3174259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3149734&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20051528%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated whether PDK1 could also participate in the events leading to mTOR/p70S6K activation in response to leucine in the heart. In wild-type hearts, both leucine and insulin increased p70S6K activity while, in contrast to insulin, leucine was unable to activate PKB/Akt. The changes in p70S6K activity induced by insulin and leucine correlated with changes in phosphorylation of Thr-389, the mTOR-phosphorylation site on p70S6K, and of Ser-2448 on mTOR, both related to mTOR activity. Leucine also triggered phosphorylation of the proline-rich Akt/PKB substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40), a new pivotal mTOR regulator. In PDK1 knockout hearts, leucine, similarly to insulin, failed to induce the phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K, leading to the absence of p70S6K activation. The lo... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3149734 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3149734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3149733&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20051529%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, orexin activation accounts for the myriad of changes induced by sleep deprivation, especially the hyperphagia induced under stress and a negative energy balance. PMID: 20051529 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3149733 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3149733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3149732&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20051530%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dhanvantari S not applicable. PMID: 20051530 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3149732 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3149732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101328&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20009038%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Klevay LM PMID: 20009038 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101328 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 18:58:05 +0100 3101328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101338&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20009023%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chepurny OG, Kelley GG, Dzhura I, Leech CA, Roe MW, Dzhura E, Li X, Schwede F, Genieser HG, Holz GG Potential insulin secretagogue properties of an acetoxymethyl ester of a cAMP analog (8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP-AM) that activates the guanine nucleotide exchange factors Epac1 and Epac2 were assessed using isolated human islets of Langerhans. RT-QPCR demonstrated that the predominant variant of Epac expressed in human islets was Epac2, although Epac1 was detectable. Under conditions of islet perifusion, 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP-AM (10 micromolar) potentiated first and second phase 10 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), while failing to influence insulin secretion measured in the presence of 3 mM glucose. The insulin secretagogue action of 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP-AM was associated ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101338 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101337&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20009024%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pascal SM, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Gilon P, Van Schaftingen E, Jonas JC Due to their high glucose permeability, insulin secreting pancreatic beta-cells likely undergo strong intracellular protein glycation at high glucose concentrations. They may, however, be partly protected from the glucotoxic alterations of their survival and function by fructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K), a ubiquitous enzyme that initiates deglycation of intracellular proteins. To test that hypothesis, we cultured pancreatic islets from Fn3k knockout (Fn3k(-/-)) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates for one to three weeks in the presence of 10 or 30 mmol/l glucose (G10-G30) and measured protein glycation, apoptosis, preproinsulin gene expression, and Ca(2+) and insulin secretory responses to acute glucose stimulat... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101337 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101336&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20009025%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pedersen MG, Toffolo GM, Cobelli C The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and meal tolerance test are common clinical tests of the glucose-insulin system. Several mathematical models have been suggested as means to extract information about beta-cell function from data from oral tolerance tests. Any such model needs necessarily to be fairly simple but should at the same time be linked to the underlying biology of the insulin secreting beta-cells. The scope of the present work is to present a way to make such a connection using a recent model describing intracellular mechanisms. We show how the three main components of oral minimal secretion models, derivative control, proportional control and delay, are related to subcellular events, thus providing mechanistic underpinning of ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101336 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101335&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20009026%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, ROS and NO are involved in regulating skeletal muscle glucose uptake during contraction via an AMPK-independent mechanism. PMID: 20009026 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101335 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101334&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20009027%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Catalano PN, Di Giorgio NP, Bonaventura MM, Bettler B, Libertun C, Lux-Lantos VA GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter, acts through GABA(A/C) and GABA(B) receptors (GABA(B)Rs); it is critical for gonadotropin regulation. We studied whether the lack of functional GABA(B)Rs in GABA(B1) knock-out mice (GABA(B1)KO) affected the gonadotropin axis physiology. Adult male and female GABA(B1)KO and wild-type (WT) mice were sacrificed to collect blood and tissue samples. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) content in whole hypothalami (HT), olfactory bulbs (OB) and frontoparietal cortices (CT) were determined (RIA). GnRH expression by real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was evaluated in preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH), medialbasal-posterior hypothalamus (MBH-PH), OB and CT. Pul... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101334 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101333&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20009028%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, dietary supplementation with RS4-type resistant starch attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity more effectively than RS2 in C57BL/6J mice, which may be attributable to lower postprandial GIP and increased fat catabolism in the liver. PMID: 20009028 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101333 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101332&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20009029%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zemkova H, Kucka M, Li S, Gonzalez-Iglesias AE, Tomic M, Stojilkovic SS Anterior pituitary cells express cation conducting P2X receptor channels (P2XRs), but their molecular identity, electrophysiological properties, cell-specific expression pattern, and physiological roles have been only partially characterized. Here, we show by quantitative RT-PCR that mRNA transcripts for the P2X(4) subunit are the most abundant in rat anterior pituitary tissue and confirm the P2X(4)R protein expression by western blot analysis. Single-cell patch clamp recordings show that extracellular ATP induced an inward depolarizing current in a majority of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-responsive pituitary cells, which resembled the current profile generated by recombinant P2X(4)R. The channels were a... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101332 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101331&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20009030%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Westergren R, Nilsson D, Heglind M, Arani Z, Grande M, Cederberg A, Ahren B, Enerback S Many members of the forkhead genes family of transcription factors have been implicated as important regulators of metabolism, in particular glucose homeostasis e.g. Foxo1, Foxa3 and Foxc2. The purpose of this study was to exploit the possibility that yet unknown members of this gene family play a role in regulating glucose tolerance in adipocytes. We identified Foxf2 in a screen for adipose expressed forkhead genes. In vivo over-expression of Foxf2 in an adipose tissue restricted fashion demonstrated that such mice display a significantly induced insulin secretion in response to an intravenous glucose load as compared with wild type littermates. In response to increased Foxf2 expression, I... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101331 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101330&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20009031%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thorens B, Mueckler MM None. PMID: 20009031 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101330 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101329&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20009032%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garg M, Thamotharan M, Pan G, Lee PW, Devaskar SU Prenatal nutrient restriction with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) alters basal and glucose stimulated insulin response and hepatic metabolic adaptation. The effect of early intervention with insulin sensitizing PPARgamma agonists was examined in the metabolically maladapted F1 pre-gestational IUGR offspring with a propensity towards pregnancy-induced gestational diabetes. The effect of rosiglitazone maleate (RG; 11 mumol/d from PN21 to PN60) versus placebo (PL) on metabolic adaptations in 2 m old F1 female rats subjected to prenatal (IUGR), postnatal (PNGR) or pre- and postnatal (IUGR+PNGR) nutrient restriction was investigated in comparison to control (CON). RG versus PL had no effect on body weight or plasma glucose c... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101329 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3052888&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19952342%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that CRFR2 in the VMH mediates some of the central effects of Ucn 3 and the ARH melanocortin system may be a downstream target of VMH CRFR2 neurons. PMID: 19952342 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3052888 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3052888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3052887&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19952343%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rajan S, Eames SC, Park SY, Labno C, Bell GI, Prince V, Philipson LH Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare form of insulin-requiring diabetes presenting within the first few weeks or months of life. Mutations in the insulin gene are the second most common cause of this form of diabetes. These mutations are located in critical regions of preproinsulin and are likely to prevent normal processing or folding of the preproinsulin/proinsulin molecule. To characterize these mutations, we transiently expressed proinsulin-GFP fusion proteins in MIN6 mouse insulinoma cells. Our study revealed three groups of mutant proteins: (A) mutations that result in retention of proinsulin in the ER and attenuation of secretion of co-transfected wild-type insulin: C43G, F48C and C96Y; (B) m... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3052887 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3052887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3052886&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19952344%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we examined the effect of SRD, after 8 months, on nuclear receptors, peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha), and liver X receptor-alpha (LXR-alpha), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), Delta6, and Delta5 desaturases mRNA and activity, hepatic enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, and fatty acid (FA) composition as well as the revertion produced by cod liver oil. SRD induced triglycerides increase in plasma and liver, increasing the anabolic FA synthase, malic enzyme and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, but not the pro-oxidative enzymes FA oxydase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase I, and correspondingly decreased PPAR-alpha and increased LXR-alpha expressions. Results suggest a contribution of both nuclear receptors interaction on these enzymatic acti... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3052886 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3052886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3052885&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19952345%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sage AT, Walter LA, Shi Y, Khan MI, Kaneto H, Capretta F, Werstuck G There is increasing evidence that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to the development atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of increased hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) flux on ER stress levels and the complications of ER stress associated with diabetes and atherosclerosis in hepatic cells. Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), the rate limiting enzyme of the HBP, was overexpressed in HepG2 cells using an adenoviral expression system. The ER stress response and downstream effects, including activation of lipid and inflammatory pathways, were determined using real-time PCR, immunoblot analysis, and cell staining techniq... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3052885 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3052885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3052884&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19952346%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Buerck L, Blutke A, Kautz S, Rathkolb B, Klaften M, Wagner S, Kemter E, Hrabé de Angelis M, Wolf E, Aigner B, W.e R, Herbach N Several mutant mouse models for human diseases such as diabetes mellitus have been generated in the large-scale Munich ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea) mouse mutagenesis project. The aim of this study was to identify the causal mutation of one of these strains and to characterize the resulting diabetic phenotype. Mutants exhibit a T to G transversion mutation at nt 629 in the glucokinase (Gck) gene, leading to an amino acid exchange from methionine to arginine at position 210. Adult Munich Gck(M210R) mutants demonstrated a significant reduction of hepatic glucokinase enzyme activity, but equal glucokinase mRNA and protein abundances. While homozygo... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3052884 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3052884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3052883&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19952347%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we determined the effects of binge ethanol exposure during puberty on two critical central regulators of stress and anxiety behavior: corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP). Our results showed that ethanol increased plasma CORT levels in both sexes, yet binge-treated animals had significantly lower CORT levels than animals exposed to a single dose suggesting that the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis habituated to the repeated stressful stimuli of ethanol. Binge ethanol exposure also significantly increased CRH and AVP gene expression in the PVN of males, but not females. Overall, our results demonstrate that binge ethanol exposure during puberty changes the central expression of stress related genes in a sex-specific manner, potentially... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3052883 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3052883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3052882&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19952348%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we have characterized the intracellular and plasma membrane (PM) traffic of two orthologs of GLUT4 in fish, trout (btGLUT4) and salmon (okGLUT4), that do not share the amino terminal FQQI targeting motif of mammalian GLUT4. btGLUT4 (FQHL), and okGLUT4 (FQQL) to a lesser extent, showed higher basal PM levels, faster traffic to the PM after biosynthesis and earlier acquisition of insulin responsiveness than rat GLUT4. Furthermore, btGLUT4 showed a similar profile of internalization than rat GLUT4. Expression of the dominant-interfering AS160-4P mutant caused a significant decrease in the insulin-induced PM levels of okGLUT4 and rat GLUT4 and, to a lesser extent of btGLUT4, suggesting that btGLUT4 has reduced retention into the IRC. Contrary to rat GLUT4 and okGLUT4, the presenc... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3052882 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3052882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3027367&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19933447%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stephens SM, Moley KH This essay looks at the historical significance of the APS Classic Paper: Allen E, Doisy EA. The induction of a sexually mature condition in immature females by injection of the ovarian follicular hormone. Am J Physiol 69: 577-588, 1924 (http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/69/3/577). PMID: 19933447 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3027367 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 13:30:27 +0100 3027367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3027366&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19934401%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zheng D, Ionut V, Mooradian V, Stefanovski D, Bergman RN The full impact of the liver, through both glucose production and uptake, on systemic glucose appearance can not be readily studied in a classical glucose clamp because hepatic glucose metabolism is regulated not only by portal insulin and glucose levels but also portal glucose delivery (the portal signal). In the present study, we modified the classical glucose clamp by giving exogenous glucose through portal vein, the "portal glucose infusion (PoG)-glucose clamp", to determine the net hepatic effect on postprandial systemic glucose supply along with the measurement of whole-body glucose disposal. By comparing systemic rate of glucose appearance (Ra) with portal glucose infusion (PoGinf), we quantified "net hepatic gluc... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3027366 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3027366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3027365&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19934402%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mul J, Yi CX, van den Berg SA, Ruiter M, Toonen P, van der Elst M, Voshol PJ, Ellenbroek B, Kalsbeek A, la Fleur SE, Cuppen E Postnatal development and puberty are times of strong physical maturation and require large quantities of energy. The hypothalamic neuropeptide Melanin-Concentrating Hormone (MCH) regulates nutrient intake and energy homeostasis, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here we use a novel rat knockout model in which the MCH-precursor Pmch has been inactivated to study the effects of loss of MCH on energy regulation in more detail. Pmch(-/-) rats are lean, hypophagic, osteoporotic, and although endocrine parameters were changed in pmch(-/-) rats, endocrine dynamics were normal, indicating an adaptation to new homeostatic levels rathe... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3027365 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3027365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3027364&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19934403%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Isken F, Klaus S, Petzke KJ, Loddenkemper C, Pfeiffer AF, Weickert MO Exposure to high vs low glycemic index (GI) diets increases fat mass and insulin resistance in obesity prone C57BL/6J mice. However, the longer-term effects and potentially involved mechanisms are largely unknown. We exposed four groups of male C57BL/6J mice (n = 10 per group) to long-term (20 weeks) or short-term (6 weeks) isoenergetic and macronutrient matched diets only differing in starch type and as such GI. Body composition, liver fat, molecular factors of lipid metabolism, and markers of insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility were investigated in all four groups of mice. Mice fed the high GI diet showed a rapid-onset (from week five) marked increase in body fat mass and liver fat, a gene expres... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3027364 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3027364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3027363&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19934404%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Burd NA, Dickinson JM, Lemoine JK, Carroll CC, Sullivan BE, Haus JM, Jemiolo B, Trappe SW, Hughes GM, Sanders CE, Trappe TA Non-selective blockade of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes in skeletal muscle eliminates the normal increase in muscle protein synthesis following resistance exercise. The current study tested the hypothesis that this COX-mediated increase in postexercise muscle protein synthesis is specifically regulated by the COX-2 isoform. Sixteen males (23+/-1y) were randomly assigned to one of two groups that received three doses of either a selective COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib; 200 mg/dose, 600 mg total) or a placebo in double-blind fashion during the 24h following a single bout of knee extensor resistance exercise. At rest and 24h postexercise skeletal muscle prot... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3027363 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3027363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3027362&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19934405%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Curtis AE, Cooke JH, Baxter JE, Parkinson JR, Bataveljic AS, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, Murphy KG The kisspeptins are neuropeptides which stimulate the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The smallest endogenous kisspeptin, kisspeptin-10 (KP-10), binds to the receptor KISS1R with a similar affinity to the full length peptide, kisspeptin-54 (KP-54), but is less effective in vivo, possibly due to increased enzymatic breakdown or clearance. The kisspeptin system may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of reproductive disorders and endocrine cancers. We have rationally modified the structure of KP-10 and tested the binding affinity of these analogues for the KISS1R. Those analogues which bound with relatively high affinity to KISS1R were tested for ability to stimulate ERK... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3027362 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3027362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3027361&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19934406%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Newton A n/a. PMID: 19934406 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3027361 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3027361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3027360&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19934407%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hall KD Complex interactions between carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism underlie the body's remarkable ability to adapt to a variety of diets. But any imbalances between the intake and utilization rates of these macronutrients will result in changes of body weight and composition. Here, I present the first computational model that simulates how diet perturbations result in adaptations of fuel selection and energy expenditure that predict body weight and composition changes in both obese and non-obese men and women. No model parameters were adjusted to fit these data other than the initial conditions for each subject group (e.g., initial body weight and body fat mass). The model provides the first realistic simulations of how diet perturbations result in adaptations of w... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3027360 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3027360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2970762&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19887594%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bruss MD, Khambatta CF, Ruby MA, Aggarwal I, Hellerstein MK Calorie restriction (CR) increases longevity and retards the development of many chronic diseases, but the underlying metabolic signals are poorly understood. Increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation and reduced FA synthesis have been hypothesized to be important metabolic adaptations to CR. At metabolic steady state, however, FA oxidation must match FA intake plus synthesis; moreover, FA intake is low, not high, during CR. It is therefore not clear how FA dynamics are altered during CR. Accordingly, we measured food intake patterns, whole-body fuel selection, endogenous FA synthesis and gene expression in mice on CR. Within two days of starting CR, a shift occurred to a diurnal, cyclic pattern of whole-body FA metabolism,... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2970762 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2970762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2970761&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19887595%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Costford SR, Bajpeyi S, Pasarica M, Albarado DC, Thomas SC, Xie H, Church T, Jubrias SA, Conley KE, Smith SR In mammals, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is responsible for the first and rate-limiting step in the conversion of nicotinamide to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)). NAD(+) is an obligate co-substrate for mammalian sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a deacetylase which activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), which in turn can activate mitochondrial biogenesis. Given that mitochondrial biogenesis is activated by exercise, we hypothesized that exercise would increase NAMPT expression, as a potential mechanism leading to increased mitochondrial content in muscle. A cross-sectional analysis of human subjects show... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2970761 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2970761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2970760&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19887596%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kovsan J, Bashan N, Greenberg A, Rudich A Autophagy is a major degradative pathway(s) by which intracellular components are delivered into the lysosomes. It is largely implicated in determining cell death and survival, because it eliminates un-necessary, damaged, and/or potentially harmful cellular products and organelles, and is an important source for nutrients and energy production under conditions of external nutrient deficiency. As such, autophagy has been suggested to contribute to the regulation of carbohydrate and protein metabolism during fasting. Recently, three papers implicated a role for autophagy in cellular lipid metabolism as well. This perspective article presents these novel findings in the context of prior studies on the role of autophagy and lysosomes in me... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2970760 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2970760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2970759&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19887597%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sajan MP, Bandyopadhyay G, Miura A, Standaert M, Nimal S, Longnus SL, Van Obberghen E, Hainault I, Foufelle F, Kahn CR, Braun U, Leitges M, Farese RV Activators of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), metformin and exercise activate atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and ERK, and stimulate glucose transport in muscle by uncertain mechanisms. Here, in cultured L6-myotubes: AICAR- and metformin-induced activation of AMPK was required for activation of aPKC and ERK; aPKC activation involved and required phosphoinositide kinase-dependent-1 (PDK1) phosphorylation of thr-410-PKC-zeta; aPKC thr-410 phosphorylation and activation also required MEK1-dependent ERK; and glucose transport effects of AICAR and metformin were ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2970759 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2970759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2970758&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19887598%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions. The total activity of NADH-oxidase in biopsy for lean group is significantly higher than corresponding activity for obese or T2DM cohort. The specific activity of NADH-oxidase (per mg cardiolipin) and NADH-oxidase/citrate synthase and NADH-oxidase/beta-HAD ratios are reduced by 2-3 folds in both T2DM and obesity. PMID: 19887598 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2970758 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2970758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2939724&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19861583%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we have investigated the role of PPARgamma in the regulation of VLDLR expression and function in vivo and in vitro. During the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, the levels of VLDLR protein and mRNA increased in parallel to the induction of PPARgamma expression, and reached a maximum in mature adipocyte. Treatment of differentiated adipocytes with PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone upregulated VLDLR expression in dose- and time-dependent manners. In contrast, specific inhibition of PPARgamma significantly downregulated the protein level of VLDLR. Induction of VLDLR is also demonstrated in vivo in adipose tissue of wild type (WT) mice treated with pioglitazone. In addition, pioglitazone increased plasma TG-rich lipoprotein clearance and increased epididymal fat mass in WT m... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2939724 Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2939724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2939723&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19861584%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dungan Lemko HM, Naderi R, Adjan V, Jennes L, Navarro VM, Clifton D, Steiner RA In female mammals, increased ovarian estradiol (E(2)) secretion triggers GnRH release from neurons in the basal forebrain, which drives LH secretion from the pituitary and subsequently induces ovulation; however, the neural circuits that activate this preovulatory GnRH/LH surge remain unidentified. Neurotensin is expressed in neurons of the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), a region thought to be critical for generating the preovulatory GnRH/LH surge. E(2) induces neurotensin (Nts) gene expression in this region, and blockade of neurotensin signaling reduces the LH surge in the rat. We postulated that neurotensin signaling plays a similar role in generating the E(2)-induced GnRH/LH surg... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2939723 Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2939723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2939722&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19861585%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Apelin is necessary for the maintenance of insulin sensitivity in vivo. Apelin's effects on glucose uptake and Akt phosphorylation are in part mediated by a Gi and AMPK-dependent pathway. PMID: 19861585 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2939722 Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2939722 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2939721&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19861586%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vis DJ, Westerhuis JA, Hoefsloot HC, Pijl H, Roelfsema F, van der Greef J, Smilde AK The detection of hormone secretion episodes is important for understanding normal and abnormal endocrine functioning, but pulse identification from hormones measured with short interval sampling is challenging. Furthermore, to obtain useable results, the model underlying hormone secretion and clearance must be augmented with restrictions based on biologically acceptable assumptions. Here, using the assumption that there are only a few time points at which a hormone is secreted, we used a modern penalized nonlinear least squares setup to select the number of secretion events. We did not assume a particular shape or frequency distribution for the secretion pulses. Our pulse identfication method,... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2939721 Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2939721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2939720&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19861587%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion our results provide evidence to support the hypothesis that calcineurin activation in skeletal muscle increases mitochondrial oxidative function and energy substrate storage, which contributes to enhanced endurance exercise performance. These adaptive changes occur as a consequence of a life-long expression of a constitutively active calcineurin and mimic the response to chronic endurance training. PMID: 19861587 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2939720 Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2939720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2939719&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19861588%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrates that aspects of growth are improved following introduction of infradian variation to GH treatment in a GH-deficient model. The data suggest that varying the pattern of GH doses administered to children may enhance growth performance without increasing the overall GH dose. PMID: 19861588 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2939719 Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2939719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2852209&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26db%3Dpubmed%26term%3D%28%28%28Am%2520J%2520Physiol%2520Endocrinol%2520Metab%29%2520AND%2520%25222009%252F09%252F26%252005.30%2522%255BMHDA%255D%253A%25222009%252F10%252F01%252017.56%2522%255BMHDA%255D%29%29%2520NOT%2520%28%28%2520%28%28%28%2522Am%2520J%2520Physiol%2520Endocrinol%2520Metab%2522%255BTIAB%255D%29%29%29%2520AND%2520%25220001%2522%255BEDAT%255D%253A%25222009%252F09%252F26%252005.30%2522%255BEDAT%255D%29%29 30 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These pubmed results were generated on 2009/10/01PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2852209 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 21:56:02 +0100 2852209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2825291&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19773577%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sorensen L, Gormsen L, Nielsen S Very-low-density-lipoproteins (VLDLs) are large, complex particles containing surface proteins (e.g. ApoB100) and core lipids (e.g. cholesterol and triglycerides). Whereas ApoB100 kinetics has been thoroughly studied, accurate measurement of VLDL-TG kinetics has proven difficult due to either complex mathematics or laborious procedures. The present study was therefore designed to measure VLDL-TG kinetics by dual isotope ex-vivo labeled VLDL-TG tracers and well established kinetics equations (bolus injection or the primed-continuous infusion). Ten healthy caucasian men (age 23+/-3 years (mean+/-SD), BMI 24.7+/-1.3kg/m(2)) were included in the study. VLDL-TG rate of appearance (Ra) was measured using a dual tracer technique ([9,10-(3)H]VLDL-TG an... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2825291 Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2825291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2825290&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19773578%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheng L, Han X, Shi Y Platelet activation factor (PAF) and lysophosphotidylcholine (LPC) are potent inflammatory lipids. Elevated levels of PAF and LPC are associated with the onset of diabetic retinopathy and neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such defects remain elusive. LPCAT1 is a newly reported lysophospholipid acyltransferase implicated in anti-inflammatory response by converting LPC to PC. Intriguingly, the LPCAT1 enzyme also catalyzes the synthesis of PAF from lyso-PAF using acetyl-CoA as a substrate. The present studies investigated regulatory roles of LPCAT1 in the synthesis of inflammatory lipids during the onset of diabetes. Our work shows LPCAT1 plays an important role in the inactivation of PAF by catalyzing the synthesis of alkyl-PC,... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2825290 Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2825290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2825289&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19773579%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sundaram P, Pang Z, Miao M, Yu L, Wing S The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays an important role in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins that occurs in muscle wasting. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of enzymes mediating conjugation of ubiquitin. However, little is known about the role of deubiquitinating enzymes. We previously showed that the USP19 deubiquitinating enzyme is induced in atrophying skeletal muscle (Combaret et al. Amer. J. Physiol. 2005; 288: E693-E700). To further explore the role of USP19, we used siRNA in L6 muscle cells. Lowering USP19 by 70-90% in myotubes resulted in a 20% decrease in the rate of proteolysis and an 18% decrease in the rate of protein synthesis with no net change in protein content. Despite the decrease in overall synthes... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2825289 Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2825289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738471&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19706782%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Suzuki J, Ueno M, Uno M, Hirose Y, Zenimaru Y, Takahashi S, Osuga JI, Ishibashi S, Takahashi M, Hirose M, Yamada M, Kraemer FB, Miyamori I Increased fatty acid (FA) flux and intracellular lipid accumulation (steatosis) give rise to cardiac lipotoxicity in both pathological and physiological conditions. Since hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) contributes to intracellular lipolysis in adipose tissue and heart, we investigated the impact of HSL-disruption on cardiac energy metabolism in response to fasting and refeeding. HSL-knockout (KO) mice and wildtype (Wt) littermates were fasted for 24 h followed by ~6 h of refeeding. Plasma FA concentration in Wt mice was elevated 2-fold with fasting, while KO mice lacked this elevation, resulting in 2-fold lower cardiac FA uptake compared to... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738471 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738470&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19706783%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Samson WK The 2009, Solomon Berson Award Lecture was delivered by Paul Davis, Director of the Ordway Research Institute in Albany, New York. In his invited review (5), which appears in this issue of the journal, Dr. Davis presents a compelling argument for the identity of the membrane thyroid hormone receptor, its signaling cascades and the physiologic importance of that hormone-receptor interaction. PMID: 19706783 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738470 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738469&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19706784%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Giorgino F N/A. Key words: adipose tissue, visceral, cytokines, stem cells. PMID: 19706784 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738469 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738468&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19706785%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Muniyappa R, Chen H, Muzumdar R, Einstein FH, Yan X, Yue LQ, Barzilai N, Quon MJ Assessing insulin resistance in rodent models gives insight into mechanisms that cause type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp, the reference standard for measuring insulin sensitivity in humans and animals, is labor intensive and technically demanding. A number of simple surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity/resistance have been developed and validated primarily for use in large human studies. These same surrogates are also frequently used in rodent studies. However, in general, these indexes have not been rigorously evaluated in animals. In a recent validation study in mice, we demonstrated that surrogates have a weaker correlation with glucos... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738468 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738467&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19706786%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu J, Stanislaus S, Chinookoswong N, Lau YY, Hager T, Patel J, Ge H, Weiszmann J, Lu SC, Graham M, Busby J, Hecht R, Li YS, Li Y, Lindberg RA, Véniant MM Recombinant FGF21 has anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-obesity effects in diabetic rodent and monkey models. Previous studies were confined to measuring steady state effects of FGF21 following subchronic or chronic administration. The current study focuses on the kinetics of biological actions of FGF21 following a single injection, and on the physiological and cellular mechanisms underlying FGF21 actions. We show that FGF21 resulted in rapid decline of blood glucose levels and immediate improvement of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in two animal models of insulin resistance (i.e., ob/ob and DI... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738467 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738466&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19706787%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shamhart PE, Luther DJ, Hodson BR, Koshy JC, Ohanyan V, Meszaros JG Diabetic patients are prone to developing myocardial fibrosis and suffer from decreased wound healing capabilities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether diabetes alters cardiac fibroblast activity in the myocardium in a 6 week streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic model. In vivo echocardiography indicated significant dilation of the left ventricle (LV) in the diabetic animals, while cardiac function was comparable to the normal group. We isolated cardiac fibroblasts from diabetic and control hearts and observed increased proliferation of the diabetic fibroblasts. Microarray analysis using mRNA collected from whole left ventricles revealed downregulation of known inhibitors of proliferation, p53 ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738466 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738465&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19706788%26dopt%3DAbstract DIFFERENTIAL EFFICACY OF SSTR1, 2 AND 5 AGONISTS IN THE INHIBITION OF C6 GLIOMA GROWTH IN NUDE MICE. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Aug 25; Authors: Barbieri F, Pattarozzi A, Gatti M, Aiello C, Quintero A, Lunardi G, Bajetto A, Ferrari A, Culler MD, Florio T Somatostatin receptors (SSTR1-5) mediate antiproliferative effects. In C6 rat glioma cells, somatostatin is cytostatic in vitro via phosphotyrosine phosphatase-dependent inhibition of ERK1/2 activity, mediated by SSTR1, 2 and 5. Here we analyzed the effects of SSTR activation on C6 glioma growth in vivo and the intracellular mechanisms involved, comparing somatostatin effects with selective agonists for SSTR1, 2 and 5 (BIM-23745, BIM-23120, BIM-23206) or receptor bi-selective compounds (SSTR1+2, BIM-23704 and SSTR2+5, ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738465 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738464&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19706789%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Panda D, Goltzman D, Juppner H, Karaplis A Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) is a member of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) family of peptide hormones that exerts its function by interacting with the PTH type 2 receptor (PTH2R). Presently, no known function has been attributed to this signaling pathway in the developing skeleton. We observed that TIP39 and PTH2R were present in the newborn mouse growth plate with the receptor localizing in the resting zone whereas ligand expression was restricted exclusively in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes. By eight weeks of life PTH2R, and to a lesser degree TIP39, immunoreactivity was present in articular chondrocytes. We sought therefore to investigate the role of TIP39/PTH2R signaling in chondrocytes by gener... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738464 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738463&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19706790%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mokhtari D, Barbu A, Mehmeti I, Vercamer C, Welsh N The transcription factor NF-kappaB is known to modulate rates of apoptosis and may therefore play a role in the increased beta-cell death that occurs in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present investigation was to study the expression of NF-kappaB subunits in human islet cells and whether over-expression of the NF-kappaB subunit c-Rel affects islet cell survival. We detected expression of p65, Rel-B, p50, p105, p52 and the ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) in human islet cells. Among these, only p65 and rpS3 were translocated from the cytosolic to the nuclear fraction in response to cytokines. Interestingly, rpS3 participated in p65 binding to the kappaB-element in gel shift analysis experiments. We observed cytoplasmic ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738463 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738462&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19706791%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion these results demonstrate the importance of TORC2 in modulating HGP in vivo, and highlight a novel, liver-specific siRNA approach for the potential treatment of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. Key words: TORC2, siRNA, Diabetes. PMID: 19706791 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738462 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2716629&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26db%3Dpubmed%26term%3D%28%28%28Am%2520J%2520Physiol%2520Endocrinol%2520Metab%29%2520AND%2520%25222009%252F08%252F14%252023.34%2522%255BMHDA%255D%253A%25222009%252F08%252F20%252011.46%2522%255BMHDA%255D%29%29%2520NOT%2520%28%28%2520%28%28%28%2522Am%2520J%2520Physiol%2520Endocrinol%2520Metab%2522%255BTIAB%255D%29%29%29%2520AND%2520%25220001%2522%255BEDAT%255D%253A%25222009%252F08%252F14%252023.34%2522%255BEDAT%255D%29%29 40 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These pubmed results were generated on 2009/08/20PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2716629 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 15:46:02 +0100 2716629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2692777&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26db%3Dpubmed%26term%3D%28%28%28Am%2520J%2520Physiol%2520Endocrinol%2520Metab%29%2520AND%2520%25222009%252F08%252F07%252013.46%2522%255BMHDA%255D%253A%25222009%252F08%252F13%252002.36%2522%255BMHDA%255D%29%29%2520NOT%2520%28%28%2520%28%28%28%2522Am%2520J%2520Physiol%2520Endocrinol%2520Metab%2522%255BTIAB%255D%29%29%29%2520AND%2520%25220001%2522%255BEDAT%255D%253A%25222009%252F08%252F07%252013.46%2522%255BEDAT%255D%29%29 30 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These pubmed results were generated on 2009/08/13PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2692777 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 06:36:01 +0100 2692777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2638253&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19625676%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ussher JR, Jaswal JS, Wagg CS, Armstrong HE, Lopaschuk DG, Keung W, Lopaschuk GD During metabolic stress, phosphorylation and activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) becomes a major regulator of cellular energy metabolism in heart and skeletal muscle. Despite this, the upstream regulation of AMPK in both heart and muscle is poorly understood. Recent work has implicated the atypical protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) as a regulator of AMPK in endothelial cells via phosphorylation of LKB1, an upstream AMPK kinase (AMPKK). Our goal was to determine the potential role PKCzeta plays in regulating AMPK in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Cultures of H9c2 myocytes (cardiac) and C(2)C(12) myotubes (skeletal muscle) were pretreated with a selective PKCzeta pseudosubstrate peptide ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2638253 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 19:50:10 +0100 2638253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2638252&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19625677%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hongo S, Watanabe T, Arita S, Kanome T, Kageyama H, Shioda S, Miyazaki A Leptin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone implicated in atherosclerosis and macrophage foam cell formation. The current study was conducted to examine the effect of leptin on cholesteryl ester accumulation in human monocytes/macrophages. Exogenously added leptin at 5 nM during differentiation of monocytes into macrophages for 7 days accelerated acetylated LDL (acetyl-LDL)-induced cholesteryl ester accumulation by 30-50%. Leptin did not affect endocytic uptake of acetyl-LDL; however, it increased ACAT activity 1.8-fold and ACAT-1 protein expression 1.9-fold. Among the four ACAT-1 mRNA transcripts, two shorter transcripts (2.8 and 3.6 kb) were upregulated approximately 1.7-fold upon leptin treatment. The ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2638252 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 19:50:07 +0100 2638252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2638251&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19625678%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19625678 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2638251 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 19:50:05 +0100 2638251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631057&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19622781%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miller R, D'Agostino D, Erlanson-Albertsson C, Lowe ME A pentapeptide released from procolipase, enterostatin, selectively attenuates dietary fat intake when administered peripherally or centrally. Enterostatin may act through the afferent vagus nerve and in the hypothalamus and amygdala, primarily in the central nucleus of the amygdala. To investigate the physiological role of endogenous enterostatin, we created an enterostatin-deficient, colipase-sufficient mouse (Ent(-/-)). Ent(-/-) mice are viable, normally active, and fertile. They exhibit normal growth on low-fat and high-fat diets. Furthermore, Ent(-/-) mice develop diet-induced obesity and have normal responses to a two-macronutrient choice diet and when switched from a high-fat diet to a low-fat diet. Ent(-/-) mice ha... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631057 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631056&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19622782%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Phillips SA, Kung J, Ciaraldi TP, Choe C, Christiansen L, Mudaliar SR, Henry RR Adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing factor secreted from adipose tissue, is decreased in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and increased in response to thiazolidinedione (TZD) therapy. Changes in its secretion and assembly into higher order forms affect insulin sensitivity. To determine the relative potency of TZDs on intra-adipocyte multimerization and secretion of adiponectin we assessed the impact of in vivo low- or high-dose rosiglitazone treatment alone or combined with metformin in subjects with T2D. T2D subjects received high-dose rosiglitazone (8 mg/day), high-dose metformin (2000 mg/day), or low-dose combination rosiglitazone/metformin therapy (4 mg+1000 mg/day) for 4 months. All subj... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631056 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631055&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19622783%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gustafson B, Gogg S, Hedjazifar S, Jenndahl L, Hammarstedt A, Smith U Obesity is mainly associated with adipose cell enlargement in adult man (hypertrophic obesity) while the formation of new fat cells (hyperplastic obesity) predominates in the prepubertal age. Adipose cell size, independent of BMI, is negatively correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity. We here review recent findings linking hypertrophic obesity with inflammation and a dysregulated adipose tissue including local cellular insulin resistance with reduced IRS-1 and GLUT-4 protein content. In addition, the number of preadipocytes in the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue capable of undergoing differentiation to adipose cells is reduced in hypertrophic obesity. This is likely to promote ectopic lipid accu... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631055 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631054&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19622784%26dopt%3DAbstract MAGNITUDE AND CONTROL OF MITOCHONDRIAL ADP SENSITIVITY. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jul 21; Authors: Jeneson JA, Schmitz JP, van den Broek NM, van Riel NA, Hilbers P, Nicolay K, Prompers JJ The transduction function for ADP stimulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis in skeletal muscle was reconstructed in vivo and in silico to investigate the magnitude and origin of mitochondrial sensitivity to cytoplasmic ADP concentration changes. Dynamic in vivo measurements of human leg muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) content during metabolic recovery from contractions were performed by (31)P NMR spectroscopy. The cytoplasmic ADP concentration ([ADP]) and rate of oxidative ATP synthesis (Jp) at each time point were calculated from creatine kinase equilibrium and the derivative of a mon... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631054 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631053&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19622785%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baird F, Bett K, Maclean C, Tee AR, Hundal HS, Taylor PM The System L transporter facilitates cellular import of large neutral amino acids (AAs) such as Leu, a potent activator of the intracellular TOR pathway which signals for cell growth. System L is an AA exchanger, proposed to accumulate certain AAs by coupling to dissipation of concentration gradient(s) of exchange substrates generated by secondary active AA transporters such as System A. We addressed the hypothesis that this type of coupling (termed tertiary active transport) acts as an indirect mechanism to extend the range of AA stimulating TOR to those transported by both Systems A and L (e.g. glutamine) through downstream enhancement of leucine accumulation. System A (SNAT2) overexpression enabled Xenopus oocytes to ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631053 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631052&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19622786%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nedachi T, Hatakeyama H, Kono T, Sato M, Kanzaki M Physical exercise triggers the release of several cytokines/chemokines from working skeletal muscles, but the underlying mechanism(s) by which skeletal muscles decipher and respond to highly complex contractile stimuli remains largely unknown. In an effort to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of the expressions of two contraction-inducible CXC chemokines, CXCL1/KC and CXCL5/LIX, in contracting skeletal muscle cells, we took advantage of our in vitro exercise model using highly developed contractile C2C12 myotubes which acquire properties similar to those of in vivo skeletal muscle via manipulation of Ca(2+) transients with electric pulse stimulation (EPS). Production of these CXC chemokines was immediately augmented by EPS... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631052 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631051&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19622787%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stadlbauer K, Brunmair B, Szöcs Z, Krebs M, Luger A, Fürnsinn C Two mechanisms have been proposed for the modulation of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism by amino acids. Whereas studies on humans and cultured cells suggested acute insulin desensitization via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream target p70S6 kinase (S6k), investigations using native specimens of rat muscle hinted at impairment of glucose oxidation by competition for mitochondrial oxidation. To better understand these seemingly contradictory findings, we explored the effects of high concentrations of mixed amino acids on fuel metabolism and S6k activity in freshly isolated specimens of rat skeletal muscle. In this setting, increasing concentrations of amino acids dose-dependently re... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631051 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631050&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19622788%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion. ERp46 may be an important component in the phenomenon of "glucose toxicity", involved in insulin production at the post-translational level. Key words: pancreatic beta cells, glucose toxicity, proteomics, ERp46, insulin. PMID: 19622788 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631050 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2612148&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26db%3Dpubmed%26term%3D%28%28%28Am%2520J%2520Physiol%2520Endocrinol%2520Metab%29%2520AND%2520%25222009%252F07%252F16%252010.18%2522%255BMHDA%255D%253A%25222009%252F07%252F18%252006.38%2522%255BMHDA%255D%29%29%2520NOT%2520%28%28%2520%28%28%28%2522Am%2520J%2520Physiol%2520Endocrinol%2520Metab%2522%255BTIAB%255D%29%29%29%2520AND%2520%25220001%2522%255BEDAT%255D%253A%25222009%252F07%252F16%252010.18%2522%255BEDAT%255D%29%29 30 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These pubmed results were generated on 2009/07/18PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2612148 Sat, 18 Jul 2009 10:38:02 +0100 2612148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2606401&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26db%3Dpubmed%26term%3D%28%28%28Am%2520J%2520Physiol%2520Endocrinol%2520Metab%29%2520AND%2520%25222009%252F07%252F10%252021.30%2522%255BMHDA%255D%253A%25222009%252F07%252F16%252010.18%2522%255BMHDA%255D%29%29%2520NOT%2520%28%28%2520%28%28%28%2522Am%2520J%2520Physiol%2520Endocrinol%2520Metab%2522%255BTIAB%255D%29%29%29%2520AND%2520%25220001%2522%255BEDAT%255D%253A%25222009%252F07%252F10%252021.30%2522%255BEDAT%255D%29%29 34 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These pubmed results were generated on 2009/07/16PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2606401 Thu, 16 Jul 2009 14:18:02 +0100 2606401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2533175&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26db%3Dpubmed%26term%3D%28%28%28Am%2520J%2520Physiol%2520Endocrinol%2520Metab%29%2520AND%2520%25222009%252F04%252F07%252017.31%2522%255BMHDA%255D%253A%25222009%252F06%252F27%252012.42%2522%255BMHDA%255D%29%29%2520NOT%2520%28%28%2520%28%28%28%2522Am%2520J%2520Physiol%2520Endocrinol%2520Metab%2522%255BTIAB%255D%29%29%29%2520AND%2520%25220001%2522%255BEDAT%255D%253A%25222009%252F04%252F07%252017.31%2522%255BEDAT%255D%29%29 143 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These pubmed results were generated on 2009/06/27PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2533175 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 16:42:02 +0100 2533175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2308644&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19336658%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Takeuchi K, Reue K Triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis and storage in tissues such as adipose tissue and liver have an important role in metabolic homeostasis. The molecular identification of genes encoding enzymes that catalyze steps in TAG biosynthesis from glycerol-3-phosphate has revealed an unexpected number of protein isoforms of the glycerol phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT), and lipin (phosphatidate phosphatase) families that appear to catalyze similar biochemical reactions. However, based on available data for a few members in which genetic deficiencies in mouse and/or human have been studied, we postulate that each GPAT, AGPAT, and lipin family member likely has a specialized role that may be uncovered through careful biochem... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2308644 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2308644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2308643&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19336659%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary lactoferrin supplementation have a beneficial effect on postmenopausal bone loss by modulating bone formation and resorption. Key words: Lactoferrin, Osteoblast, Osteoclast, bone. PMID: 19336659 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2308643 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2308643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2308642&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19336660%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we quantified macrophages immunohistochemically in vastus lateralis biopsies from 8 obese and 8 lean subjects. Our study demonstrates that macrophages infiltrate skeletal muscle in obesity and we developed an in vitro system to study this mechanistically. Myoblasts were isolated from vastus lateral biopsies and differentiated in culture. Co-culture of differentiated human myotubes with macrophages in the presence of palmitic acid, to mimic an obese environment, revealed that macrophages in the presence of palmitic acid synergistically augment cytokine and chemokine expression in myotubes, decrease IkappaBalpha protein expression, increase phosphorylated JNK, decrease phosphorylated AKT and increase markers of muscle atrophy. These results suggest that macrophages alter the i... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2308642 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2308642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2308641&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19336661%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gerard AC, Poncin S, Audinot JN, Denef JF, Colin I Vascular supply is an obvious requirement for all organs. In addition to oxygen and nutrients, blood flow also transports essential trace elements. Iodine, which is a key element in thyroid hormone synthesis, is one of them. An inverse relationship exists between the expansion of the thyroid microvasculature and the local availability of iodine. This microvascular trace element-dependent regulation is unique and contributes to keep steady the iodide delivery to the thyroid. Signals involved in this regulation, such as VEGF-A, originate from thyrocytes as early TSH-independent responses to iodide scarcity. The question raised in this paper is how thyrocytes, facing an acute drop in intracellular stores of iodine; generate angio... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2308641 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2308641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2308639&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19336662%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tie L, Li XJ, Wang X, Channon KM, Chen AF Refractory wound is a severe complication that leads to limb amputation in diabetes. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a key role in normal wound repair, but is uncoupled in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes due to reduced cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). We tested the hypothesis that overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH I), the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo BH4 synthesis, retards NOS uncoupling and accelerates wound healing in STZ mice. Blood glucose levels were significantly increased in both male endothelial-specific GTPCH I transgenic mice (Tg-GCH via a tie-2 promoter) and the wild-type (WT) littermates 5 days after STZ regimen. A full-thickness excisional wound was created on mouse dorsal ski... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2308639 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2308639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2277150&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19293331%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bauchart-Thevret C, Stoll B, Chacko SK, Burrin DG We recently showed that the developing gut is a significant site of methionine (Met) transmethylation to homocysteine and transsulfuration to cysteine (Cys). We hypothesized that sulfur amino acid (SAA) deficiency would preferentially reduce mucosal growth and antioxidant function in neonatal piglets. Neonatal pigs were enterally-fed a control diet or SAA-free diet for 7 d and then whole-body methionine and cysteine kinetics were measured using an intravenous infusion of [1-(13)C;methyl-(2)H3]-Met and (15)N-Cys. Body weight gain and plasma Met, Cys, homocysteine, taurine and total erythrocyte glutathione concentrations were markedly decreased (-46 to -85%) in SAA-free vs. control pigs. Whole-body Met and Cys fluxes were reduced... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2277150 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2277150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2277148&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19293332%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cannon JD, Seekallu S, Vandevoort CA, Chaffin CL During hormonally-induced ovarian follicle growth, granulosa cell proliferation increases and returns to baseline prior to the administration of an ovulatory stimulus. Several key genes appear to follow a similar pattern, including the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR), suggesting an association between cell cycle progression and gene expression. The expression of LHCGR mRNA in granulosa cells isolated from immature rats and treated in culture with FSH increased in a time-dependent manner, while administration of the cell cycle inhibitor mimosine completely suppressed expression. While forskolin was able to induce luteinization in cells treated with mimosine, hCG had no effect, indicating the functional loss of LHCGR. The eff... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2277148 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2277148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2277146&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19293333%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Allan CM, Lim P, Robson M, Spaliviero J, Handelsman DJ We have characterized the in vivo actions of human wildtype FSH receptor overexpressed in Sertoli cells of transgenic mice (TgFSHRwt) compared transgenic overexpression of the human activated mutant FSHR*D567G (TgFSHR*D567G). Testicular TgFSHRwt expression significantly elevated specific FSH binding (>2-fold, P < 0.01) relative to non-transgenic testes, similar to increased FSH binding in TgFSHR*D567G testes. Isolated TgFSHRwt Sertoli cells exhibited higher FSH-stimulated cAMP levels compared to non-Tg or TgFSHR*D567G cells, but did not display the elevated FSH-independent basal cAMP levels found in TgFSHR*D567G Sertoli cells. Furthermore, Sertoli cell overexpression of TgFSHR*D567G but not TgFSHRwt allowed promiscuo... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2277146 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2277146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2277144&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19293334%26dopt%3DAbstract In this report, we demonstrate that while adenoviral-mediated over-expression of ME1 greatly augments GSIS in rat insulinoma INS-1 832/13 cells, it does not restore MSSIS or significantly affect GSIS in mouse islets. The increase in GSIS following ME1 over-expression in INS-1 832/13 cells did not alter the ATP/ADP ratio, but was accompanied by increases in malate and citrate levels. Increased malate and citrate levels were also observed after providing INS-1 832/13 cells with the malate permeable analog dimethyl-malate (DMM). These data suggest that while ME1 over-expression augments anaplerosis and GSIS in INS-1 832/13 cells, it is not likely involved in MSSIS and GSIS in pancreatic islets. Key words: insulin secretion, pyruvate carboxylation, malic enzyme, dimethyl-malate. PMID: 1929... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2277144 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2277144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2277141&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19293335%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yoshikawa N, Nagasaki M, Sano M, Tokudome S, Ueno K, Shimizu N, Imoto S, Miyano S, Suematsu M, Fukuda K, Morimoto C, Tanaka H Recent studies have documented various roles of adrenal corticosteroid signaling in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. It is known that glucocorticoids and aldosterone are able to bind glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and these ligand-receptor interactions are redundant. It, therefore, has been impossible to delineate how these nuclear receptors couple with corticosteroid ligands and differentially regulate gene expression for operation of their distinct functions in the heart. Here, to particularly define the role of GR in cardiac muscle cells, we applied ligand-based approach involving GR-specific agonist cortivaz... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2277141 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2277141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2277139&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19293336%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the expression and secretion of renin are regulated under a complex series of hormonal and metabolic determinants in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Key words: Adipocytes, Secretion, TNFalpha, Forskolin. PMID: 19293336 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2277139 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2277139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2238690&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19258488%26dopt%3DAbstract DIABETES INDUCES AND CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS PREVENT CARDIAC EXPRESSION OF PRO-APOPTOTIC THIOREDOXIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Mar 3; Authors: Chen J, Cha-Molstad H, Szabo A, Shalev A Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a critical process in the pathogenesis of ischemic and diabetic cardiomyopathy, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has recently been shown to have deleterious effects in the cardiovascular system and we therefore investigated whether it may also play a role in diabetes-associated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In fact, TXNIP expression was increased in H9C2 cardiomyocytes incubated at high glucose and cardiac expression of TXNIP and cleaved caspase-3 were also elevated in vivo in streptozotocin- ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2238690 Tue, 03 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2238690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2238689&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19258489%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Feng M, Qin JF, Wang C, Ye Y, Wang S, Xie DP, Wang PS, Liu C The study was designed to investigate the effect of estradiol (E2) on the excitatory effect of oxytocin on colon motility. Female Wistar rats were used and some of them were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with E2. A plastic balloon made of condom was inserted into colon in order to monitor the change of colonic pressure in vivo. Longitudinal muscle strips of distal colon were prepared to monitored the spontaneous contraction of colon in vitro. Expression of oxytocin receptor (OTR) was investigated by Western blot analysis. Expression of OTR mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to locate OTR. In OVX rats, pretreatment of E2 (4-100 microg kg(-1), s.c.) dose dependently increased the excitatory e... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2238689 Tue, 03 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2238689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2238688&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19258490%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aims at elucidating which factors underlie the activation of AVP neurons in response to immune stimulation mimicked by an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in male Wistar rats. LPS treatment concomittanlty decreased diuresis and increased plasma AVP as well as AVP neuron activity in vivo, and these effects occurred as early as 30 min. Activation was sustained for more than six hours. Plasma osmolality did not change while blood pressure only transiently increased during the first hour post-LPS. PG-E2, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha mRNA expression raised 3 h after LPS, while IL-6 mRNA level increased 30 min post-LPS. In vivo electrophysiological recordings showed that brain IL-6 injection increased AVP neuron activity similarly to peripheral LPS treatment. In contras... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2238688 Tue, 03 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2238688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2238687&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19258491%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bilan PJ, Schertzer JD n/a. PMID: 19258491 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2238687 Tue, 03 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2238687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2238686&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19258492%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee DE, Kehlenbrink S, Lee H, Hawkins MA, Yudkin JS Obesity is associated with resistance of skeletal muscle to insulin-mediated glucose uptake, as well as resistance of different organs and tissues to other metabolic and vascular actions of insulin. In addition, the body is exquisitely sensitive to nutrient imbalance, with energy excess or a high fat diet rapidly increasing insulin resistance even before noticeable changes occur in fat mass. There is a growing acceptance of the fact that, as well as acting as a storage site for surplus energy, adipose tissue is an important source of signals relevant to, inter alia, energy homeostasis, fertility and bone turnover. It has also been widely recognised that obesity is a state of low-grade inflammation, with adipose tissue generat... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2238686 Tue, 03 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2238686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2221176&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26db%3DPubMed%26term%3D%2528%2528%2528Am%2BJ%2BPhysiol%2BEndocrinol%2BMetab%2529%2BAND%2B%25222009%252F02%252F20%2B11%252E04%2522%255BMHDA%255D%253A%25222009%252F02%252F28%2B10%252E51%2522%255BMHDA%255D%2529%2529%2BNOT%2B%2528%2528%2B%2528%2528Am%2BJ%2BPhysiol%2BEndocrinol%2BMetab%255BTIAB%255D%2529%2529%2BAND%2B%25220001%2522%255BEDAT%255D%253A%25222009%252F02%252F20%2B11%252E04%2522%255BEDAT%255D%2529%2529 29 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These PubMed results were generated on 2009/02/28PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2221176 Sat, 28 Feb 2009 15:51:47 +0100 2221176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2199050&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26db%3DPubMed%26term%3D%2528%2528%2528Am%2BJ%2BPhysiol%2BEndocrinol%2BMetab%2529%2BAND%2B%25222009%252F02%252F13%2B08%252E36%2522%255BMHDA%255D%253A%25222009%252F02%252F20%2B11%252E03%2522%255BMHDA%255D%2529%2529%2BNOT%2B%2528%2528%2B%2528%2528Am%2BJ%2BPhysiol%2BEndocrinol%2BMetab%255BTIAB%255D%2529%2529%2BAND%2B%25220001%2522%255BEDAT%255D%253A%25222009%252F02%252F13%2B08%252E36%2522%255BEDAT%255D%2529%2529 30 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These PubMed results were generated on 2009/02/20PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2199050 Fri, 20 Feb 2009 16:03:57 +0100 2199050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2181413&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26db%3DPubMed%26term%3D%2528%2528%2528Am%2BJ%2BPhysiol%2BEndocrinol%2BMetab%2529%2BAND%2B%25222009%252F02%252F06%2B01%252E34%2522%255BMHDA%255D%253A%25222009%252F02%252F13%2B08%252E35%2522%255BMHDA%255D%2529%2529%2BNOT%2B%2528%2528%2B%2528%2528Am%2BJ%2BPhysiol%2BEndocrinol%2BMetab%255BTIAB%255D%2529%2529%2BAND%2B%25220001%2522%255BEDAT%255D%253A%25222009%252F02%252F06%2B01%252E34%2522%255BEDAT%255D%2529%2529 36 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These PubMed results were generated on 2009/02/13PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2181413 Fri, 13 Feb 2009 13:35:30 +0100 2181413 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2146889&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19176349%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schmidt S, Joost HG, Schurmann A GLUT8 is a class III sugar transporter predominantly expressed in testis and brain. In contrast to the class I and class II transporters, hydrophobicity plots predict a short extracellular loop between transmembrane domain (TM) 1 and TM2 and a long extracellular loop between TM9 and TM10 that contains the only N-glycosylation site. In vitro translated GLUT8 migrates as a 35-kDa protein that is glycosylated in the presence of microsomal membranes. In heterologous expression systems, glucose transport activity (Km = 2 mM) was inhibited by fructose and galactose. The transporter carries an N-terminal endosomal/lysosomal targeting motif ([DE]XXXL[LI]). Accordingly, constitutive GLUT8 has been found to be associated with endosomes and lysosomes, but... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2146889 Tue, 27 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2146889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2146888&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19176350%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our data showed that myogenesis and the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway were down-regulated, whereas inflammatory IKK/NF-kappaB signaling pathways were up-regulated in fetal muscle of obese mothers. Key words: sheep, obesity, fetus, skeletal muscle. PMID: 19176350 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2146888 Tue, 27 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2146888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2146887&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19176351%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, endurance swimming enhanced intestinal calcium absorption, in part, by upregulating the calcium transporter genes. The present microarray study also provided relevant information for further investigations into the intestinal nutrient and electrolyte transport during non-impact exercise. Key words: gene ontology, microarray, non-impact exercise, real-time PCR, Ussing chamber. PMID: 19176351 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2146887 Tue, 27 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2146887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2146886&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19176352%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wong KE, Szeto FL, Zhang W, Ye H, Kong J, Zhang Z, Sun XJ, Li YC Recent studies have established that vitamin D plays multiple biological roles beyond calcium metabolism; however, whether vitamin D is involved in energy metabolism is unknown. To address this question, we characterized the metabolic phenotypes of vitamin D receptor (VDR)-null mutant mice. Under a normocalcemic condition, VDR-null mice displayed less body fat mass and lower plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels compared to wild-type (WT) mice; when placed on a high fat (HF) diet, VDR-null mice showed slower growth rate and accumulated less fat mass globally than WT mice, even though their food intake and intestinal lipid transport capacity were the same as WT mice. Consistent with the lower adipose mass, pl... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2146886 Tue, 27 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2146886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2146885&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19176353%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Do Carmo S, Fournier D, Mounier C, Rassart E Apolipoprotein D (apoD), a widely expressed lipocalin, has the capacity to transport small hydrophobic molecules. Although it has been proposed that apoD may have multiple tissue-specific, physiological ligands and functions, these have yet to be identified. To gain insight in some of its functions, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing human apoD (H-apoD) under the control of neuron-specific promoters. In Thy-1/ApoD and NSE/ApoD mice, expression of H-apoD was strong in the nervous system although weakly detected in peripheral organs such as the liver and blood cells. These mice displayed not entirely anticipated metabolic defects. Although they are not obese and have normal lipid concentration in circulation, Thy-1/ApoD and N... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2146885 Tue, 27 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2146885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2146884&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19176354%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim WS, Lee YS, Cha SH, Jeong HW, Choe SS, Lee MR, Oh GT, Park HS, Lee KU, Lane D, Kim JB AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in regulating whole body energy homeostasis. Recently, we and others have reported that berberine (BBR) exerts anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects in obese and diabetic rodent models through the activation of AMPK in peripheral tissues. Here we show that BBR improves lipid dysregulation and fatty liver in obese mice through central and peripheral actions. In obese db/db and ob/ob mice, BBR treatment reduced liver weight, and hepatic and plasma triglyceride and cholesterol contents. In liver and muscle of db/db mice, BBR promoted AMPK activity, fatty acid oxidation and changed expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. A... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2146884 Tue, 27 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2146884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2146883&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19176355%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brown M, Ning J, Ferreira JA, Bogener JL, Lubahn DB Estrogen (E2) is reported to regulate skeletal muscle mass and contractile function; whether E2 exerts its effects through estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) or beta (ERbeta) is unclear. We determined the effect of ERalpha or ERbeta elimination on muscle mass and contractile function in multiple muscles of the lower limb, muscles with different locomotor tasks and proportions of fiber types I and II: soleus (Sol), plantaris (Plan), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius (Gast), in mature female mice. To determine E2 elimination effects on muscle we also used Aromatase (Ar) knock-out (KO) and wild type (WT) mice. ERalpha and ArKO body weights were ~10 and 20% higher than WT. Although muscle mass tended to show a commensurate... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2146883 Tue, 27 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2146883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2146882&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19176356%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bentourkia M, Tremblay S, Pifferi F, Rousseau J, Lecomte R, Cunnane S Normally the brain's fuel is glucose but during fasting it increasingly relies on ketones (beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone) produced in liver mitochondria from fatty acid beta-oxidation. Although moderately raised blood ketones produced on a very high fat ketogenic diet have important clinical effects on the brain, including reducing seizures, ketone metabolism by the brain is still poorly understood. The aim of the present work was to assess brain uptake of carbon-11 labeled acetoacetate ((11)C-acetoacetate) by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the intact, living rat. In order to vary plasma ketones, we used three dietary conditions: control diet (high carbohydrate; low plasma ket... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2146882 Tue, 27 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2146882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2146881&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19176357%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aoki K, Matsui J, Kubota N, Nakajima H, Iwamoto K, Takamoto I, Tsuji Y, Ohno A, Mori S, Tokuyama K, Murakami K, Asano T, Aizawa S, Tobe K, Kadowaki T, Terauchi Y Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p85alpha-deficient mice exhibited hypoglycemia as a result of increased insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. Although PI3K is central to the metabolic actions of insulin, its mechanism of action in liver is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated hepatic insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in p85alpha-deficient and wild-type mice. In the livers of p85alpha-deficient mice, p50alpha played a compensatory role in insulin-stimulated PI3K activation by binding to IRS-1/2. In p85alpha-deficient mice, the ratio of p50alpha over p110 catalytic ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2146881 Tue, 27 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2146881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2146880&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19176358%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marette A n/a. PMID: 19176358 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2146880 Tue, 27 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2146880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2100375&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26db%3DPubMed%26term%3D%2528%2528%2528Am%2BJ%2BPhysiol%2BEndocrinol%2BMetab%2529%2BAND%2B%25222009%252F01%252F09%2B01%252E23%2522%255BMHDA%255D%253A%25222009%252F01%252F14%2B00%252E49%2522%255BMHDA%255D%2529%2529%2BNOT%2B%2528%2528%2B%2528%2528Am%2BJ%2BPhysiol%2BEndocrinol%2BMetab%255BTIAB%255D%2529%2529%2BAND%2B%25220001%2522%255BEDAT%255D%253A%25222009%252F01%252F09%2B01%252E23%2522%255BEDAT%255D%2529%2529 30 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These PubMed results were generated on 2009/01/14PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2100375 Wed, 14 Jan 2009 05:49:31 +0100 2100375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2089256&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19126783%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gross RW, Han X Neutral lipids fulfill multiple specialized roles in cellular function. These roles include energy storage and utilization, the synthesis of complex lipids in cellular membranes, lipid second messengers for cellular signaling and the modulation of membrane molecular dynamics. We have developed a novel mass spectrometric technology, now termed shotgun lipidomics, that can identify the types and amounts of thousands of lipids directly from extracts of biologic samples. Shotgun lipidomics is well-suited for the identification and measurement of the types and amounts of neutral lipid classes and individual molecular species through the use of multidimensional mass spectrometry. This review summarizes the basic principles underlying the use of shotgun lipidomics for... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2089256 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2089256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2089255&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19126784%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kizelsztein P, Govorko D, Komarnytsky S, Evans A, Wang Z, Cefalu WT, Raskin I The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE) is an essential signaling molecule that modulates molting response in insects and may function as a putative anabolic factor in vertebrate animals, although no mammalian 20HE receptor has been identified. Here we show that in H4IIE cell culture, 20HE treatment decreased expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), reduced glucose production, and induced Akt2 phosphorylation sensitive to the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3K) pathway specific inhibitor LY-294002. Daily oral administration of 20HE (10 mg/kg for 13 weeks) ameliorated obesity and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet and produced... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2089255 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2089255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2089254&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19126785%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined receptor resensitisation by first using HEK293T cells stably expressing human OTRs. Upon agonist activation, the receptors were almost completely sequestered inside intracellular compartments that were not labelled by lysosomal markers, thus indicating that the internalised receptors were not sorted to these degrading organelles. Binding and fluorescence assays showed that almost 85% of the receptors had returned to the cell surface after four hours, by which time cell responsiveness to the agonist was also completely restored, as shown by measuring phospholipase C (PLC) activation. Similar results were also obtained in the presence of cycloheximide, thus indicating that receptor recycling and not de novo receptor synthesis was responsible for the resensitisation. Notably, very... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2089254 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2089254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2089253&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19126786%26dopt%3DAbstract This study explores the role of estrogen in controlling EDHF-mediated vasodilation of resistance uterine arteries of the rat and also analyzes the contribution of endothelial cell Ca(2+) signaling to this process. A parallel study was also performed using mesenteric arteries to provide comparison with a non-reproductive vasculature. Mature female rats underwent ovariectomy, with one-half receiving 17ss-estradiol replacement (OVX+E) and the other half serving as estrogen-deficient controls (OVX). Uterine or mesenteric resistance arteries were harvested, cannulated, and pressurized. NO and prostacyclin production were inhibited with 200 microM LNNA and 10 microM indomethacin, respectively. ACh effectively dilated the arteries pre-constricted with phenylephrine, but failed to induce dilatatio... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2089253 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2089253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2089252&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19126787%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the greater sizes and larger proportion of binucleated cardiac myocytes in female fetal sheep suggests that myocyte maturation may occur earlier in females than in males. This may explain in part the male sex specific responsiveness of cardiac hypertrophy to IGF-I in late gestation. If IGF-I stimulated cardiomyocyte growth is accompanied by maturation of contractile function, IGF-I may be a potential therapeutic agent for maintaining cardiac output in preterm males. Key words: IGF-I, fetal, hypertrophy, sex, heart. PMID: 19126787 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2089252 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2089252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2072486&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19116371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shi Y, Cheng D Monoacyglycerol acyltransferases (MGATs) and diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) catalyze two consecutive steps of enzyme reactions in the synthesis of triacylglycerols (TAGs). The metabolic complexity of TAG synthesis is reflected by the presence of multiple isoforms of MGAT and DGAT enzymes that differ in catalytic properties, subcellular localization, tissue distribution, and physiological functions. MGAT and DGAT enzymes play fundamental roles in the metabolism of monoacylglycerol (MAG), diacylglycerol (DAG), and triacylglycerol (TAG) that involved in many aspects of physiological functions, such as intestinal fat absorption, lipoprotein assembly, adipose tissue formation, signal transduction, satiety, and lactation. The recent progress in the phenotypic... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2072486 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2072486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2072485&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19116372%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Turkish AR, Sturley SL The storage of fatty acids and fatty alcohols in the form of neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol (TAG), cholesteryl ester (CE) and wax ester (WE) serves to provide reservoirs for membrane formation and maintenance, lipoprotein trafficking, lipid detoxification, evaporation barriers and for fuel in times of stress or nutrient deprivation. This ancient process likely originated in actinomycetes and has persisted in eukaryotes, albeit by different molecular mechanisms. A surfeit of neutral lipids is strongly, perhaps causally, related to several human diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, understanding the metabolic pathways of neutral lipid synthesis and the roles of the enzymes in... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2072485 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2072485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2072484&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19116373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ali S, Drucker DJ Glucagon is secreted from the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets and regulates glucose homeostasis through modulation of hepatic glucose production. As elevated glucagon levels contribute to the pathophysiology of hyperglycemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes, reduction of glucagon receptor (Gcgr) activity represents a potential target for the treatment of T2DM. Herein we review current concepts of glucagon action in hepatic and extra-hepatic tissues and evaluate the therapeutic potential, mechanisms of action, and safety of reducing Gcgr signaling for the treatment of type 2 diabetes Key words: glucagon, insulin, liver, pancreas, diabetes. PMID: 19116373 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2072484 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2072484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2072483&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19116374%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lombardi A, de Lange P, Silvestri E, Busiello RA, Lanni A, Goglia F, Moreno M Triiodothyronine regulates energy metabolism and thermogenesis. Among triiodothyronine derivatives, 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) has been shown to exert marked effects on energy metabolism by acting mainly at the mitochondrial level. Here we investigated the capacity of T2 to affect both skeletal muscle mitochondrial substrate oxidation and thermogenesis within 1 hour after its injection into hypothyroid rats. Administration of T2 induced an increase in mitochondrial oxidation when palmitoyl-CoA (+104%), palmitoyl-carnitine (+80%), or succinate (+30%) was used as substrate, but it had no effect when pyruvate was used. T2 was able a) to activate the AMPK-ACC-Malonyl CoA metabolic signalling pathway kno... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2072483 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2072483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2072482&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19116375%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Posey K, Clegg DJ, Printz RL, Byun J, Morton GJ, Vivekanandan-Giri A, Pennathur S, Baskin DG, Heinecke JW, Woods SC, Schwartz MW, Niswender KD Weight gain induced by an energy-dense diet is hypothesized to arise in part from defects in the neuronal response to circulating adiposity negative feedback signals, such as insulin. Peripheral tissue insulin resistance involves cellular inflammatory responses thought to be invoked by excess lipid. We sought to determine if similar signaling pathways are activated in the brain of rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet, and whether these effects depend upon excess calorie intake. We compared plasma hormones and glucose tolerance, behavioral and neuronal responses to intracerebroventricular (icv) insulin, hypothalamic long- chain acyl-CoA content... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2072482 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2072482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2072481&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19116376%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Antkowiak PF, Tersey SA, Carter JD, Vandsburger MH, Nadler JL, Epstein FH, Mirmira RG The loss of beta cell function in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes leads to metabolic dysregulation and an inability to maintain normoglycemia. The noninvasive imaging of beta cell function in vivo would therefore provide a valuable diagnostic and research tool for quantifying progression to diabetes and response to therapeutic intervention. Because manganese (Mn) is a T1-shortening magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that enters cells such as pancreatic beta cells through voltage-gated calcium channels, we hypothesized that Mn-enhanced MRI of the pancreas following glucose infusion would allow for non-invasive detection of beta cell function in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we adminis... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2072481 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2072481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2064634&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19106246%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheng D Editorial Focus, no abstract. PMID: 19106246 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2064634 Tue, 23 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2064634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2064633&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19106247%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alsted TJ, Nybo L, Schweiger M, Fledelius C, Jacobsen P, Zimmermann R, Zechner R, Kiens B Mobilization of fatty acids from stored triacylglycerol (TG) in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle (intramyocellular triacylglycerol - IMTG) requires activity of lipases. Although exercise training increases the lipolytic capacity of skeletal muscle, the expression of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) is not changed. Recently, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) was identified as a TG specific lipase in various rodent tissues. To investigate whether human skeletal muscle ATGL protein is regulated by endurance exercise training, 10 healthy young men completed 8 weeks of supervised endurance exercise training. Western blotting analysis on lysates of skeletal muscle biopsy samples revealed that ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2064633 Tue, 23 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2064633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2064632&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19106248%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cao J, Shen W, Chang Z, Shi Y Acyl-CoA:lysocardiolipin acyltransferase-1 (ALCAT1) catalyzes acylation of lysocardiolipin back to cardiolipin, an important step involved in cardiolipin remodeling. The present study reports the catalytic properties of ALCAT1 in vitro and its regulation by thyroid hormone status in mouse liver and heart. The recombinant ALCAT1 expressed in Sf9 cells preferred basic pH conditions, and did not require divalent cations or the integrity of subcellular membrane for its enzymatic activity. The recombinant ALCAT1 was potently inhibited by ADP and ATP, but not by adenosine nucleotide analogues or other nucleotides such as UTP and GTP, suggesting that the ALCAT1 does not require ATP hydrolysis for its enzyme activity. In addition to cardiolipin, ALCAT1 al... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2064632 Tue, 23 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2064632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2064631&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19106249%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fujita Y, Wideman RD, Speck M, Asadi A, King DS, Webber TD, Haneda M, Kieffer TJ Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are released during meals from endocrine cells located in the gut mucosa and stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells in a glucose-dependent manner. Although the gut epithelium senses luminal sugars, the mechanism of sugar sensing and its downstream events coupled to the release of the incretin hormones are not clearly elucidated. Recently it was reported that sucralose, a sweetener that activates sweet receptors of taste buds, triggers incretin release from a murine enteroendocrine cell line in vitro. We confirmed that immunoreactivity of alpha-gustducin, a key G-coupled protein involved in taste ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2064631 Tue, 23 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2064631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2064630&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19106250%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Salgin B, Marcovecchio ML, Humphreys SM, Hill N, Chassin LJ, Lunn DJ, Hovorka R, Dunger DB Normal betabeta-cells adjust their function to compensate for any decrease in insulin sensitivity. Our aim was to explore whether a prolonged fast would allow a study the effects of changes in circulating free fatty acid (FFA) levels on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, and whether any potential effects could be reversed by the anti-lipolytic agent Acipimox. 14 (8 female, 6 male) healthy young adults (aged 22.8-26.9 years) without a family history of diabetes and a BMI of 22.6+/-3.2 kg/m(2) were studied on three occasions in random order. Growth hormone and FFA levels were regularly measured overnight (22:00-07:59), and subjects underwent an intravenous glucose tolerance test (I... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2064630 Tue, 23 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2064630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2010340&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19050175%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tan X, Zheng N Ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation has emerged as a major pathway regulating eukaryotic biology. By employing a variety of ubiquitin ligases to target specific cellular proteins, the ubiquitin-proteasome system controls physiological processes in a highly regulated fashion. Recent studies on a plant hormone auxin have unveiled a novel paradigm of signal transduction, in which ubiquitin ligases function as hormone receptors. Perceived by the F-box protein subunit of the SCF-TIR1 ubiquitin ligase, auxin directly promotes the recruitment of a family of transcriptional repressors for ubiquitination, thereby activating extensive transcriptional programs. Structural studies have revealed that auxin functions through a "molecular glue" mechanism to enhance protein... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2010340 Tue, 02 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2010340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2010339&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19050176%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Purnell JQ, Kahn SE, Samuels MH, Brandon D, Loriaux DL, Brunzell JD Controversy exists whether endogenous cortisol production is associated with visceral obesity and insulin resistance in humans. We therefore quantified cortisol production and clearance rates, abdominal fat depots, insulin sensitivity, and adipocyte gene expression in a cohort of 24 men. To test if found relationships are a consequence rather than a cause of obesity, 8 men from this larger group were studied before and after weight loss. Daily cortisol production rates (CPR), free hormone levels (FC), and metabolic clearance rates (MCR) were measured by stable isotope methodology and 24-hour sampling; intra-abdominal fat (IAF) and subcutaneous fat (SQF) by computed tomography; insulin sensitivity (SI) by frequ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2010339 Tue, 02 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2010339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2010338&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19050177%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fowler JD, Krueth SB, Bernlohr DA, Katz SA The renin angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in a variety of adipose tissue functions including tissue growth, differentiation, metabolism, and inflammation. While expression of all components necessary for a locally derived adipose tissue RAS have been demonstrated within adipose tissue, independence of local adipose RAS component concentrations from corresponding plasma RAS fluctuations has not been addressed. To analyze this, we varied in vivo rat plasma concentrations of two RAS components, renin and angiotensinogen (AGT), to determine the influence of their plasma concentrations on adipose and cardiac tissue levels in both perfused (plasma removed) and nonperfused samples. Variation of plasma RAS components was accompli... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2010338 Tue, 02 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2010338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1967754&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26db%3DPubMed%26term%3D%2528%2528%2528Am%2BJ%2BPhysiol%2BEndocrinol%2BMetab%2529%2BAND%2B%25222008%252F11%252F15%2B02%252E32%2522%255BMHDA%255D%253A%25222008%252F11%252F19%2B00%252E52%2522%255BMHDA%255D%2529%2529%2BNOT%2B%2528%2528%2B%2528%2528Am%2BJ%2BPhysiol%2BEndocrinol%2BMetab%255BTIAB%255D%2529%2529%2BAND%2B%25220001%2522%255BEDAT%255D%253A%25222008%252F11%252F15%2B02%252E32%2522%255BEDAT%255D%2529%2529 30 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These PubMed results were generated on 2008/11/19PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1967754 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 05:52:08 +0100 1967754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1937786&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18984851%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: Elevated VLDL-TG production without concomitant increased clearance via oxidation and adipose tissue redeposition contribute to hypertriglyceridemia in UBO women. Key words: VLDL-TG, Body composition, Obesity, Tracers, Fat biopsies. PMID: 18984851 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1937786 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1937786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1937785&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18984852%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we used a mouse genetic approach to validate in vivo the pivotal role of Klotho in the metabolic and skeletal derangements associated with FGF23 (R176Q) overexpression. To this end, we crossed mice heterozygous for the hypomorphic Klotho allele (Kl(+/-)) to F(Tg) mice and obtained F(Tg) transgenic mice homozygous for the Kl-hypomorphic allele (F(Tg)/Kl(-/-)). Mice were sacrificed on postnatal day 50 and serum and tissues were procured for analysis and comparison to F(Tg), WT, and Kl(-/-) controls. From 4 weeks onward, F(Tg)/Kl(-/-) mice were clearly distinguishable from F(Tg) mice and exhibited a striking phenotypic resemblance to the Kl(-/-) controls. Serum analysis for calcium, phosphorus, PTH, 1,25(OH)2D3, and ALP activity confirmed the biochemical similarity between the ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1937785 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1937785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1937784&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18984853%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boukhettala N, Leblond J, Claeyssens S, Faure M, Le Pessot F, Bôle-Feysot C, Hassan A, Mettraux C, Vuichoud J, Lavoinne A, Breuillé D, Déchelotte P, Coeffier M One of the main secondary toxic side effects of antimitotic agents used to treat cancer patients is intestinal mucositis. This one is characterized by compromised digestive and absorptive functions, barrier integrity and immune competence. In the same time, food intake is decreased and may induce intestinal damages per se. The aim of the study was to characterize which alterations are specific to methotrexate, independently of the anorexic effect of the drug. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received subcutaneously saline solution as control group or 2.5 mg/kg of methotrexate during three days (D0-D2). Methotrexa... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1937784 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1937784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1937783&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18984854%26dopt%3DAbstract This study compared the protein expression of the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle of diabetic prone rats and matched controls utilizing semi-quantitative liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and differential in gel 2-D gel electrophoresis. Differential expression of 341proteins in liver, 43 in heart and 9 (2D gel only) in skeletal muscle were detected. These data were assembled into the relevant metabolic pathways affected primarily in liver. Multiple covalent modifications were also apparent in 2-D gel analysis. Several new hypotheses were generated by these data including mechanism of net cytosolic protein oxidation, formaldehyde generation by the methionine cycle, and inhibition of carbon substrate oxidation via reduction in citrate synthase and short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase. ... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1937783 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1937783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1937782&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18984855%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, higher mRNA levels of enzymes synthesizing and inactivating androgens are found in differentiated adipocytes, consistent with higher androgen processing rates in these cells. Glucocorticoid-induced androgen inactivation may locally modulate the exposure of adipose cells to active androgens. Key words: aldo-keto reductases, short chain dehydrogenases, adipocyte differentiation, omental, visceral fat. PMID: 18984855 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1937782 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1937782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1900104&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18940935%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hodson L, McQuaid SE, Karpe F, Frayn KN, Fielding BA There has been much interest in the health effects of dietary fat but few studies have comprehensively compared the acute metabolic fate of specific fatty acids in vivo. We hypothesised that different classes of fatty acids would be variably partitioned in metabolic pathways and this would become evident over 24 h. We traced the fate of fatty acids using equal amounts of [U-(13)C]linoleate, [U-(13)C]oleate and [U-(13)C]palmitate given in a test breakfast meal in twelve healthy subjects. There was a tendency for differences in the concentrations of the tracers in plasma chylomicron-triacylglycerol (TG) (oleate > palmitate > linoleate). This pattern remained in plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and very low-density... Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1900104 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1900104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1900103&cid=s_33002_15_f&fid=33002&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18940936%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: These findings suggest oxytocin attenuates vascular oxidative stress and inflammation, two important pathophysiological processes in atherosclerosis. The fact that oxytocin receptors are found in monocytes and macrophages, and oxytocin decreases both superoxide production and release of a proinflammatory cytokine from these cells, suggests a potentially larger role for oxytocin in the attenuation of disease. Key words: oxytocin, macrophages, NADPH oxidase, interleukin-6, atherosclerosis. PMID: 18940936 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...) Am J Physiol Endocri... journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1900103 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1900103