American Journal of Human Biology via MedWorm.com MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'American Journal of Human Biology' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 14:31:54 +0100 Microbial exposures in infancy predict levels of the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin‐4 in filipino young adults http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5664065&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22244 Conclusions:This study builds on a growing body of literature demonstrating that early ecological conditions have long‐term effects on human biology by providing evidence that multiple proxies of microbial exposures in infancy are associated with adult IL‐4. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5664065 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5664065 Extreme behavioral lateralization and the remodeling of the distal humerus http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5664064&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22240 Conclusions: It could be stated that extreme handedness has an influence on the asymmetry of epicondyle of the humerus; nevertheless, this effect is more significant in the extreme right handed. This is likely to result from the necessity for left‐handed people to adapt themselves to the conditions of a dominantly “right‐handed” world. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5664064 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5664064 Physical activity, cardio‐respiratory fitness, and metabolic traits in rural mexican tarahumara http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5664063&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22239 Conclusions: This study suggests high levels of overweight and hypertension in the Tarahumara, and points to fitness and physical activity as potential intervention targets although findings should be confirmed in larger samples. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5664063 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5664063 37th Annual Meeting: Human Biology Association http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643735&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22230 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643735 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5643735 The caloric restriction paradigm: Implications for healthy human aging http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643734&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22243 AbstractUnderlying the importance of research on the biology of aging is the fact that many nations face the demographic reality of a rapidly aging populace and the looming healthcare challenges that it brings. This reality is a result of aging itself being the most significant risk factor for a range of the most prevalent diseases, including many cancers, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Accordingly, interventions are sorely needed that would be able to delay or prevent diseases and disorders associated with the aging process and thereby increase the period of time that aging individuals are in good health (the health‐span). Caloric restriction (CR) has emerged as a model of major interest as it is widely agreed that CR is the most potent environmental intervention that delays the ... American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643734 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5643734 Book review: Disease maps: Epidemics on the ground http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643733&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22225 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643733 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5643733 Book review: Work Meets Life: Exploring the Integrative Study of Work in Living Systems http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643732&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22226 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643732 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5643732 Book review: Plasticity, Robustness, Development and Evolution http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643731&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22227 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643731 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5643731 Book review: The Evolution of Anisogamy: A Fundamental Phenomenon Underlying Sexual Selection http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643730&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22228 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643730 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5643730 Pubertal muscle mass and diabetes markers in chinese adolescents http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635285&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22210 Conclusions: Environmentally driven muscle mass acquisition at puberty could influence diabetes. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635285 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5635285 Adenylate kinase genetic polymorphism and spontaneous abortion http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635284&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22211 Conclusions:Our findings suggest a reduced reproductive efficiency of women carrying the Ak12‐1 phenotype: this observation could have practical importance in predicting the probability of reproductive success in couples with RSA and in the practice of in vitro fertilization. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635284 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5635284 The relationship between breast size and anthropometric characteristics http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635283&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22212 Conclusion:Smaller and larger breasted women demonstrate differences in anthropometry, with body mass and BMI demonstrating strong relationships to breast mass. Measures of BMI and suprasternal notch to nipple distance enable predictions of breast mass and suggest that weight‐related parameters are not appropriate exclusion criteria for mammaplasty. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635283 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5635283 Sex ratios in the arctic—do man‐made chemicals matter? http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635282&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22214 Conclusions:The absence of deviation of the secondary sex ratio in any of the Arctic jurisdictions indicates that the contaminants that are present are not disrupting endocrine systems to the extent that sex ratios are being affected. Am. J. Hum. Biol. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635282 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5635282 Sampling strategies in a linguistic isolate: Results from mtDNA analysis http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635281&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22215 Conclusions:Results showed that different sampling strategies can lead to contrasting results. As sampling through grandparents criterion is influenced by recent gene flow, we hypothesize that the difference observed with the two sampling strategies is due to the merging of Carloforte with Sardinian populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635281 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5635281 Effect of ADA1 mother–fetus and wife–husband phenotypic differences on the ratio birth weight/placental weight in fertile women and on reproductive success in couples with RSA http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635280&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22217 Conclusions:Differences between mother and fetus in ADA1 phenotype may influence the ratio BW/PW in healthy women and reproductive success in RSA women. Am. J. Hum. Biol. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635280 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5635280 A possible link between the pubertal growth of girls and prostate cancer in their sons http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635279&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22222 Conclusions:These findings are consistent with a conceptual framework for the origins of hormonally dependent cancers that invokes exposure of embryonic tissue to maternal sex hormones followed by resetting of the fetal hypothalamic‐gonadotropin axis in late gestation. We hypothesize that compensatory prepubertal growth among girls is associated with hormonal cancers in the next generation. Am. J. Hum. Biol. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635279 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5635279 Human biology eats: Contemporary research and future directions http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635278&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22232 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635278 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5635278 Divergent body mass index trajectories between aboriginal and non‐aboriginal canadians 1994–2009—an exploration of age, period, and cohort effects http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624606&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22216 Conclusions:Cohort effects may be responsible for the divergent BMI trajectories between Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal Canadians born in the 1960s and 1970s. Aboriginal Canadians, particularly of more recent‐born cohorts, experienced faster increases in BMI from 1994 to 2009 than non‐Aboriginal Canadians, suggesting that prevalence of obesity will continue to rise in this population without intervention. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624606 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624606 Does inadequate sleep play a role in vulnerability to obesity? http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624605&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22219 The objective of this review is to present the evidence that inadequate sleep may be a novel risk factor associated with increased vulnerability to obesity and associated cardiometabolic disease. Experimental studies have found that short‐term sleep restriction is associated with impaired glucose metabolism, dysregulation of appetite, and increased blood pressure. Observational studies have observed cross‐sectional associations between short sleep duration (generally <6 h per night) and increased body mass index or obesity, prevalent diabetes, and prevalent hypertension. Some studies also reported an association between self‐reported long sleep duration (generally >8 h per night) and cardiometabolic disease. A few prospective studies have found a significant increased risk of w... American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624605 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624605 The dual origin of tati‐speakers from dagestan as written in the genealogy of uniparental variants http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624604&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22220 Conclusions:The independent demographic histories of the two samples, with mutually reversed profiles at paternally and maternally transmitted genetic systems, suggest that geographic proximity and linguistic assimilation of Tati‐speakers from Dagestan do not reflect a common ancestry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624604 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624604 Body mass index versus dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry‐derived indexes: Predictors of cardiovascular and diabetic disease risk factors http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624603&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22221 Conclusions:In police officers, DEXA indexes are better predictors of cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. However, populations with different distributions of fitness, diet, and health conditions may demonstrate differentfeatures. In contrast to BMI, DEXA‐derived measurements suggest avenues to explore metabolic processes, which relate to an index's underlying association with risk and may suggest more effective intervention strategies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624603 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624603 Newborn's condition at birth does not depend on maternal sexual strategy—evidence against the “hunting for good genes” hypothesis http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624602&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22224 Conclusions:The results of our study do not support the “Hunting for Good Genes” hypothesis for the first born child. In the contemporary western society of the study, women do not seem to derive genetic benefits expressed as child condition at birth from short‐term relationships. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624602 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624602 Paleolithic diets as a model for prevention and treatment of western disease http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5616913&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22218 Discussion:Available evidence lends weak support in favor and little against the notion that lean meat, fish, vegetables, tubers, and fruit can be effective in the prevention and treatment of common Western diseases. There are no obvious risks with avoiding dairy products, margarine, oils, refined sugar, and cereal grains, which provide 70% or more of the dietary intake in northern European populations. If stroke, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer are preventable by dietary changes, an ancestral‐like diet may provide an appropriate template. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5616913 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5616913 “Theory of food” as a neurocognitive adaptation http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5616912&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22209 AbstractHuman adult cognition emerges over the course of development via the interaction of multiple critical neurocognitive networks. These networks evolved in response to various selection pressures, many of which were modified or intensified by the intellectual, technological, and sociocultural environments that arose in connection with the evolution of genus Homo. Networks related to language and theory of mind clearly play an important role in adult cognition. Given the critical importance of food to both basic survival and cultural interaction, a “theory of food” (analogous to theory of mind) may represent another complex network essential for normal cognition. I propose that theory of food evolved as an internal, cognitive representation of our diets in our minds. Like other com... American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5616912 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5616912 Body image concerns and reduced breastfeeding duration in primiparous overweight and obese women http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5664062&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22238 Conclusions:Women with high prepregnant BMI have reduced lactation duration that is mediated by lack of comfort/confidence with one's body. Further research into the interplay between body image, weight status, and breastfeeding outcomes may point to behavioral targets amenable to intervention and modification that may in turn improve breastfeeding outcomes for overweight/obese women and their infants. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5664062 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5664062 Human biology association archives at the smithsonian institution national anthropological archives http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5656285&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22242 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5656285 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5656285 Book review: The Major Transitions in Evolution Revisited http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643729&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22229 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643729 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5643729 The human obesity epidemic, the mismatch paradigm, and our modern “captive” environment http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635277&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22236 AbstractIn the distant past obesity in humans was rare and likely caused by metabolic dysregulation due to genetic or disease‐related pathology. External factors precluded the ability of most people to overeat or under exert. Socio‐cultural obesity came about due to the rareness of obesity and its difficulty to achieve. What is rare becomes valuable and what is difficult to achieve becomes a badge of prestige. The modern human obesity epidemic would appear to represent a third class of obesity: environmental obesity. Much like the captive environments which humans construct for the captive/companion animals in our care, the modern human environment has greatly decreased the challenges of life that would restrict food intake and enforce exertion. And like us, our captive/companion anima... American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635277 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5635277 How culture shapes the body: Cultural consonance and body mass in urban brazil http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624601&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22207 Conclusions:As individuals, in their own beliefs and behaviors, more closely approximate shared cultural models in socially salient domains, body composition also more closely approximates the cultural prototype of the body. Am. J. Hum. Biol. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624601 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624601 What's NOT to eat—food adulteration in the context of human biology http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5616911&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22202 AbstractFood has nutritional and non‐nutritional components. The latter are not well‐studied despite the fact that food adulteration has been common. Food adulteration may have reached its peak in cities of Western Europe and the US in the 18th and 19th centuries when foods were often purposely contaminated with additives to increase bulk, attractiveness, disguise spoilage, and increase profit. Effective regulation of food began in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Nevertheless, today food recalls for bacterial contamination are common, while pesticides and compounds from manufacturing are detected in many foods. Foods with strong reputations for healthiness, such as salmon, may have sizable contaminant contents. The contaminant content of many foods varies by origin and season. Nearly... American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5616911 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5616911 Inaccuracy of self‐reported low sodium diet http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5592841&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22213 Conclusions:These findings suggest that many individuals who report a low salt diet actually excrete ≥100 meq/day. Na intake is also frequently underestimated because many 24‐h urine collections are incomplete. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5592841 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5592841 Prenatal programming of adult mineral metabolism: Relevance to blood pressure, dietary prevention strategies, and cardiovascular disease http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5465074&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22206 Conclusions:The findings suggest that the individual variation in mineral metabolism can be predicted by 2D:4D, indicating that prenatal sex steroid action may be involved in the epigenetic programming of specific metabolic conditions which are highly relevant to adult health and disease. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5465074 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5465074 Tracking and risk of abdominal obesity in the adolescence period in children aged 7–15. The cracow longitudinal growth study http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5465076&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22204 Conclusion: The risk of abdominal obesity was indicated already at 7 in boys and girls. Continuation of the abdominal fat distribution confirmed in about 60% acknowledges that the type of fat distribution seems to be determined as early as in the 7‐year‐olds. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5465076 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5465076 Evaluation of qualitative methods for phenotyping brachymesophalangia‐V from radiographs of children http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5465075&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22205 This study highlights the complexity of phenotypic assessment of BMP‐V and by extension other brachydactylies. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5465075 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5465075 Maternal cortisol disproportionately impacts fetal growth in male offspring: Evidence from the philippines http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453975&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21226 Conclusions:Being born small predicted higher evening cortisol in adulthood among these young mothers. Lower maternal BW and elevated evening cortisol independently predicted giving birth to lower BW offspring, with effects greatest and only significant among males. We speculate that sex differences in sensitivity to maternal stress hormones could help explain the stronger relationships between BW and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors reported among the males in this and other populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453975 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453975 Birth weight, postnatal weight gain, and adult body composition in five low and middle income countries http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453974&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21227 Conclusions:BW and weight trajectories up to 24 months tend to be more strongly associated with adult fat‐free mass than with fat mass, while weight trajectories in mid‐childhood predict both fat mass and fat‐free mass. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453974 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453974 Hour of birth and birth assistance: From a primate to a medicalized pattern? http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453973&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21228 Conclusions:The predominant nocturnal pattern of birth seems to have disappeared in a Spanish highly medicalized population. However, the hallmark of primate nocturnal deliveries is evident when multiple births, malpresentation, Caesarean sections, and vaginal interventions are excluded. Possible consequences of diurnal birth include reduced infant–mother bonding, breast feeding, and later life reductions to health. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453973 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453973 Validation of a new multiplex assay against individual immunoassays for the quantification of reproductive, stress, and energetic metabolism biomarkers in urine specimens http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453972&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21229 Conclusions:  The Quansys multiplex female hormone array is a valid alternative method to individual immunoassays for the quantification of stress, reproductive and energetic hormones and metabolites in human urine samples and can be used to examine the dynamic interactions between these hormones. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453972 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453972 Familial concordance for height and its components: Analyses from the breakthrough generations study http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453971&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21230 Conclusions:We have shown, for the first time, that leg:trunk length ratio and arm length aggregate within families. Concordance seemed to be stronger for tall than short heights. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453971 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453971 Are cardiorespiratory fitness and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity independently associated to overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity in elderly? http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453970&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21231 Conclusion:In conclusion, higher CRF is associated with lower risk for abdominal obesity in elderly. Independently MVPA predicts OR for obesity, abdominal obesity, and the cluster of both conditions. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453970 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453970 Worldwide distribution of allelic variation at the progesterone receptor locus and the incidence of female reproductive cancers http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453969&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21233 Conclusions:Our data expand the information on genetic variation at the PR locus in non‐western populations and support an argument for more work on the genetic epidemiology of cancer among nonwestern populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453969 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453969 Book reviews http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453968&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21234 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453968 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453968 Book review http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453967&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21235 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453967 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453967 Book reviews http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453966&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21236 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453966 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453966 Book review http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453965&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21237 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453965 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453965 Book reviews http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453964&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21238 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453964 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453964 Household food insecurity and caregiver distress: Equal threats to child nutritional status? http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453963&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22200 Conclusions:This study suggests that household food insecurity, maternal distress, and household SES are independent contributors to children's undernutrition. Our results are consistent with others but are not generally consistent with the hypothesis that maternal distress is a primary pathway through which food insecurity impacts on child nutritional wellbeing. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453963 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453963 Cow milk consumption, insulin‐like growth factor‐I, and human biology: A life history approach http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453962&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22201 Conclusions:Routine milk consumption is an evolutionarily novel dietary behavior that has the potential to alter human life history parameters, especially vis‐à‐vis linear growth, which in turn may have negative long‐term biological consequences. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453962 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453962 Associations between transition‐specific stress experience, nocturnal decline in ambulatory blood pressure, and C‐reactive protein levels among transgender men http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453961&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22203 Conclusion:Measures of stress that captured individuals' experiences of gender liminality were associated with diminished nocturnal decline in amBP and increased levels of CRP. There are significant differences between men grouped into different stages of the transition process. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453961 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5453961 Proceedings of the human biology association 36th annual meeting, Hilton Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5465073&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.22208 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5465073 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5465073 Child size and household characteristics in rural Timor‐Leste http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453960&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21232 Conclusions:Short stature inflates BMI and harvest season measures may have captured short‐term increases in children's energy balance. Social networks may increase child well‐being by moving children toward resource richer households. Social and cultural factors influence resource allocations among children and their health in rural Timor‐Leste. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453960 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5453960 Book review: A Cybernetic View of Biological Growth: The Maia Hypothesis http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5268475&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21221 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5268475 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5268475 Book review: Obesity: Cultural and Biocultural Perspectives http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5268474&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21222 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5268474 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5268474 Book review: Uses and Abuses of Plant‐Derived Smoke: Its Ethnobotany as Hallucinogen, Perfume, Incense and Medicine http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5268473&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21223 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5268473 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5268473 Human neoteny revisited: The case of synaptic plasticity http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5268472&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21225 AbstractThe process of learning requires morphological changes in the neuronal connections and the formation of new synapses. Due to the importance of memory and learning in our species, it has been suggested that the synaptic plasticity in a number of association areas is higher in the human brain than in other primates. Cortical neurons in mammals are characterized by higher metabolism, activity, and synaptic plasticity during development and the juvenile stage than in the adult. In Homo sapiens, brain development is retarded compared with other primates, especially in some association areas. These areas are characterized by the presence of neurons, which remain structurally immature throughout their lifespans and show an increase in the expression of the genes, which deal with metabolis... American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5268472 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5268472 Postnatal ontogeny of tibia and femur form in two human populations: A multivariate morphometric analysis http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5268471&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21217 Conclusions:The prenatal origin of population differences in the crural index indicates a genetic determination of these differences whereas limb length and relative epiphyseal width likely are both genetically and environmentally determined. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5268471 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5268471 Book review: Reproduction and Adaptation: Topics in Human Reproductive Ecology http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5268470&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21220 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5268470 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5268470 The stability of immunoglobulin a in human milk and saliva stored on filter paper at ambient temperature http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5268478&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21218 Conclusions:This IgA assay is a cost‐effective alternative to commercial secretory IgA kits. Human milk and saliva can be stored on filter paper for up to 8 weeks. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5268478 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5268478 Geometric morphometrics of male facial shape in relation to physical strength and perceived attractiveness, dominance, and masculinity http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5268477&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21219 Conclusions:Male physical strength was more strongly associated with changes in face shape that relate to perceived masculinity and dominance than to attractiveness. Our study adds to the growing evidence that attractiveness and dominance/masculinity may reflect different aspects of male mate quality. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5268477 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5268477 Alu polymorphisms in the Waorani tribe from the Ecuadorian Amazon reflect the effects of isolation and genetic drift http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5268476&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21216 Conclusions:The prolonged isolation of the Waorani community, in conjunction with a historically low effective population size and high inbreeding levels, have resulted in the drastic reduction of their genetic diversity, because of the effects of severe genetic drift. Recurrent population bottlenecks most likely determined by certain deep‐rooted sociocultural practices of the Waorani (characterized by violence, internal quarrels, and revenge killings until recent times) are likely responsible for this pattern of diversity. The findings of this study illustrate how sociocultural factors can shape the gene pool of human populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5268476 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5268476 The total cost of father desertion http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233270&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21207 Conclusions: Returns to paternal investment in terms of increased child survival are not substantial compared to those received by successfully practicing a serial mating strategy. This suggests that factors other than the ability to enhance child survival, such as female choice, are important to the evolutionary history and continued adaptive functioning of men's unique reproductive strategies. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233270 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5233270 Restriction mapping of βS locus among tunisian sickle‐cell patients http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281306&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21224 Conclusion: The very high frequency of the Benin haplotype in our study suggests that the βS mutation present in Tunisia may have originated from the Benin region and was brought to Tunisia along the slave trade routes. However, another atypical haplotype observed a new emergence in our population and could be considered as specific to Tunisian chromosome βS. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281306 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281306 Genetic and environmental influences on growth from late childhood to adulthood: A longitudinal study of two Finnish twin cohorts http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5268469&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21208 Conclusions: The genetic contribution to height is strong during adolescence. The high genetic correlations detected across the ages encourage further efforts to identify genes affecting growth. Common and unique environmental factors affecting height during adolescence are also important, and further studies are necessary to identify their nature and test whether they interact with genetic factors. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5268469 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5268469 How useful is BMI in predicting adiposity indicators in a sample of Maya children and women with high levels of stunting? http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5246107&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21215 Conclusions:The relationship between BMI and adiposity indicators is not changed by stunting status or body proportions in this short population of urban Maya children and women. BMI can be used as an indicator of adiposity for these children but not the women. It is recommended that BMI is used in conjunction with other estimates of body composition. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5246107 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5246107 How well does social variation mirror secular change in prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in a country in transition? http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233269&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21209 Conclusions: For a majority of the examined cardiovascular risk factors, social population groups defined from cross‐sectional data adequately mirror secular change. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233269 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5233269 Intergenerational influences on diabetes in a developing population: The Guangzhou biobank cohort study http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5155481&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21206 Conclusion:Offspring of literate mothers had lower risk for impaired glucose tolerance than offspring of illiterate mothers. Being raised by literate mothers may increase the likelihood of children with higher SEP and lower long‐term disease risk, or better maternal conditions over generations may be associated with lower fasting glucose. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5155481 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 07:14:58 +0100 5155481 Hair lead levels to evaluate the subclinical impact of lead on growth in Sardinian children (Italy) http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5155482&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21203 Conclusions:Our results support the use of hair lead levels as a biomarker to assess the impact of subclinical lead on the physical growth of children, especially when the study area presents medium and/or high levels of lead pollution. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5155482 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5155482 Book review http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085171&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21210 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085171 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5085171 Behavioral and perceived stressor effects on urinary catecholamine excretion in adult samoans http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5061408&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21198 Conclusions:Individual‐level perceptions and behaviors related to traditional socioeconomic obligations are a significant correlate of increased overnight catecholamine excretion rates. Higher excretion rates may be attributed to psychosocial stress arousal associated with a discordance between personal desires for upward social mobility, and family and community‐based socioeconomic obligations. Changes in patterns of individual‐level psychosocial stress arousal may contribute to cardiovascular disease risk in modernizing Samoans. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5061408 Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5061408 Body fat is differentially related to body mass index in U.S.‐born African‐American and East African immigrant girls http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5061407&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21201 Conclusions:Our findings indicate that at a given BMI East African immigrants may have greater adiposity than African‐American girls. If corroborated in larger samples, our data suggest that the cardiometabolic risks attendant to elevated adiposity may affect East African girls at a lower BMI than in African‐American girls. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5061407 Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5061407 Why does starvation make bones fat? http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5061406&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21202 AbstractBody fat, or adipose tissue, is a crucial energetic buffer against starvation in humans and other mammals, and reserves of white adipose tissue (WAT) rise and fall in parallel with food intake. Much less is known about the function of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), which are fat cells found in bone marrow. BMAT mass actually increases during starvation, even as other fat depots are being mobilized for energy. This review considers several possible reasons for this poorly understood phenomenon. Is BMAT a passive filler that occupies spaces left by dying bone cells, a pathological consequence of suppressed bone formation, or potentially an adaptation for surviving starvation? These possibilities are evaluated in terms of the effects of starvation on the body, particularly the ske... American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5061406 Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5061406 Circumpolar adaptation, social change, and the development of autoimmune thyroid disorders among the Yakut (Sakha) of Siberia http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5006226&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21200 Conclusions:Although preliminary, these findings document higher than expected TPOAb levels among Yakut women and suggest possible consequences of increased thyroid activity associated with circumpolar adaptation and social change. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5006226 Mon, 04 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5006226 Book review http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085167&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21214 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085167 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5085167 Adiposity and blood pressure in 7‐ to 11‐year‐old children: Comparison of British Pakistani and white British children, and of British Pakistani children of migrant and British‐born mothers http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5061405&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21204 Conclusions:This study confirms previous findings of larger SFTs and higher blood pressure in British children of Pakistani origin than in children of white European origin. Further work with larger sample sizes is needed to investigate differences between generations. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5061405 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5061405 Measurement of testosterone in infant fecal samples http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048189&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21205 Conclusions:Fecal assessment is supported as a novel, non‐invasive tool for studying testosterone during early human development. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048189 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048189 Validity and reliability of perinatal biomarkers of adiposity after storage as dried blood spots on paper http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5006225&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21199 Conclusions:Ease of sample collection and storage makes DBSS an optimal method for use in studies involving neonates and young children, as well as studies conducted in areas where freezer storage is not available. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5006225 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5006225 Marked limb bilateral asymmetry in an agricultural endogamous population of North India http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4974563&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21196 Conclusions:Marked directional asymmetry exists in 13 measurements out of a total 18 taken for the study. This significant right‐sided asymmetry may be attributed to the fact that individuals have normal tendency to favor the right side for power activities involving upper limbs, i.e., throwing for distance, sports activities, and in this investigation, working with agricultural tools like Khurpa, Datti, Kassi (Indian agricultural tools) for long durations. More frequent use of the preferred side results in heavier or stronger muscles of that side and consequently heavier and stronger bones. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4974563 Tue, 28 Jun 2011 17:53:04 +0100 4974563 Vitamin A dynamics in breastmilk and liver stores: A life history perspective http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4951243&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21195 Conclusions:Our observations are consistent with life history tradeoffs and negate the assumption that maternal hepatic and milk vitamin A decline together. Rather, maternal liver vitamin A has a dynamic relationship with milk vitamin A, particularly depending on postpartum time and maternal parity. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4951243 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 17:02:45 +0100 4951243 Correlates of physical activity and inactivity in urban Mexican youth http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4944148&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21197 Conclusions:Potential correlates of physical activity and inactivity considered in this analysis were limited and accounted for relatively little of the variance in physical activity. The role of perceived sport/activity of the parents, especially among younger boys and girls, is particularly of interest and merits more detailed study. Nevertheless, many other variables also need to be considered. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4944148 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 07:15:46 +0100 4944148 Does sitting height ratio affect estimates of obesity prevalence among Canadian Inuit? results from the 2007–2008 Inuit health survey http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4932023&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21194 Conclusions:We find no consistent relationship between SHR and BMI and suggest the unique anthropometric and metabolic profile observed in Inuit arise from factors not yet delineated. More complex anthropometric and imaging studies in Inuit are needed. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4932023 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 20:14:53 +0100 4932023 Transient cultural influences on infant mortality: Fire‐horse daughters in Japan http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4932026&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21174 Conclusions:The discovery of a predictable, acute increase in female infant mortality during the Fire‐Horse year supports the relevance of parental investment theory to developed countries. Results should encourage further research on the health sequelae of abrupt, population‐level shifts in culture. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4932026 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4932026 Nutritional vulnerability in Mbyá‐Guaraní adolescents and adults from Misiones, Argentina http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4932025&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21175 Conclusions:Extreme poverty, together with changes in life habits and diet composition, resulted in decrease of body size and changes in body proportions and composition. Although these changes could be considered as an adaptive response to the chronic exposure of these populations to adverse environmental conditions, they would favor the co‐occurrence of malnutrition and overweight in a single scenario, and consequently increase the risk of infectious and nontransmissible diseases. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4932025 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4932025 A meta‐analysis of fat intake, reproduction, and breast cancer risk: An evolutionary perspective http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4932024&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21176 Conclusions:These results support the idea that possible elevations in serum estrogen levels by an adult exposure to a high‐fat diet would increase breast cancer risk. Furthermore, menopausal status was observed to affect women's risk of breast cancer. Higher risks of breast cancer were found in post‐menopausal women consuming diets high in total fat and polyunsaturated fats. Conversely, dietary fat appears to have preventative effects in pre‐menopausal women. This study takes a transformative approach combining epidemiological, biomedical, and evolutionary theory to evaluate how biocultural variations in risk factors (i.e., diet and reproduction) affect the evolution of breast cancers. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4932024 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4932024 Book review http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4882648&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21179 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4882648 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4882648 Iris texture traits show associations with iris color and genomic ancestry http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4882647&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21183 Conclusions:The relationship between BGA and iris texture illustrates a genetic contribution to this population‐level variation. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4882647 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4882647 Testosterone and romance: The association of testosterone with relationship commitment and satisfaction in heterosexual men and women http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4882646&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21188 Conclusions:The association of increasing relationship commitment with reduced T levels in men confirms and extends prior research linking T with mating effort. Together with previous research, this study suggests that T does not vary with relationship commitment or quality in monogamous, heterosexual women. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4882646 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4882646 Perinatal winter conditions affect later reproductive performance in romanian women: Intra and intergenerational effects http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4882645&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21184 Conclusions:Conflicting results exist between Romania and Austria/New Zealand, and may be most easily explained by women's different exposure to winter conditions in these countries. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4882645 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4882645 Hand‐washing, subclinical infections, and growth: A longitudinal evaluation of an intervention in Nepali slums http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4882644&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21189 Conclusions:Reducing exposure to pathogens is an important global health priority. This study confirms the importance of hand‐washing campaigns for reducing childhood morbidity. Yet our data suggest that promoting hand‐washing is necessary but not sufficient to address chronic, subclinical infections. From a human biology standpoint, tackling the root causes of childhood infections is needed to address growth faltering in the context of highly contaminated slum environments. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4882644 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4882644 Sex Differences in birth size and intergenerational effects of intrauterine exposure to Ramadan in Saudi Arabia http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4882643&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21193 Conclusion:Our findings are consistent with other evidence that boys are more ready than girls to trade off visceral development in utero to protect somatic and brain growth. They also support the hypothesis that boys are more responsive to their mother's current diet than girls, who respond more to their mother's life time nutrition and metabolism. They provide the first evidence that changes in the life style of pregnant women during Ramadan affect more than one generation. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4882643 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4882643 Genetics of head circumference in infancy: A longitudinal study of Japanese twins http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4882642&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21190 Conclusions:HC and its growth are strongly genetically regulated. Largely, the same genetic factors affect the variation of HC at different ages, and new genetic variation emerged during the first year of life. Knowledge on the genetic component in the variation of HC may help to design tools for defining abnormal growth of HC in population‐based screenings for related disorders. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4882642 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4882642 Growing into obesity: Patterns of height growth in those who become normal weight, overweight, or obese as young adults http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4882641&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21191 Conclusion:Childhood and adolescent height growth patterns differ between those who become young adults who are normal weight and those who become overweight or obese. Since differences in fatness explain only a small amount of these height growth patterns, research is needed to identify other determinants. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4882641 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4882641 Variability of the BCHE gene in Amerindians from Paraná, Brazil http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788063&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21168 Conclusions:Despite the geographical coexistence throughout their dispersion, each of these two Amerindian groups retains a high degree of genetic identity, probably maintained by cultural and social isolation. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788063 Wed, 04 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788063 Book review http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788062&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21180 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788062 Wed, 04 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788062 Is low digit ratio linked with late menarche? Evidence from the BBC internet study http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788059&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21186 Conclusions:In support of the findings of Matchock, right 2D:4D was found to be negatively related to AAM. In addition, right 2D:4D was positively related to RPD. In a sample of 19 countries, mean right 2D:4D was negatively correlated with mean national AAM. These findings suggest that women with high prenatal testosterone and low prenatal estrogen tend to show late menarche and slow pubertal development. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788059 Wed, 04 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788059 Distribution of Y‐chromosome q lineages in native americans http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788066&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21173 Conclusion: The number of basal Y chromosome lineages in North America is apparently higher than in South America due probably to a bottleneck during the South American colonization and/or more recent Circum‐Arctic gene flow. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788066 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788066 Unexpected changes in maternal breast size during pregnancy in relation to infant sex: An evolutionary interpretation http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788065&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21177 Conclusion: The observed difference is surprising in the light of studies reporting that mothers of male infants produced milk that had greater energy content. However, breast size alone does not determine the quality and quantity of produced milk. It is suggested that the larger difference in breast size for mothers of female infants results from a trade‐off between direct energy allocations to the growing fetus and to breast enlargement. Perhaps, as in other primates maintaining sexually attractive attributes during pregnancy, early breast enlargement in women is a primary sexual stimulus. The ultimate function of early breast enlargement may function to ensure greater involvement from partners, which is especially important to mothers expecting daughters, who might be in poorer nutrit... American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788065 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788065 Book Review http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788064&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21178 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788064 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788064 Cortisol and testosterone in Filipino young adult men: Evidence for co‐regulation of both hormones by fatherhood and relationship status http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4891461&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21187 Conclusions:CORT and T are positively related upon waking and before bed and are more likely to be co‐elevated in mating‐oriented men and co‐downregulated in parenting‐oriented men. Our findings support the interpretation that CORT and T serve complementary roles in facilitating men's mating effort. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4891461 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4891461 Frozen chicken for wild fish: Nutritional transition in the Brazilian Amazon region determined by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in fingernails http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4882640&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21192 Conclusion:Increasing urbanization in the Brazilian Amazon is associated with a significant change in food habits with processed and industrialized products playing an increasingly important role in the diet and contributing to the nutrition transition in the region. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. . (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4882640 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4882640 Cortical bone mass and geometry: Age, sex, and intraskeletal variation in nineteenth‐century Euro‐Canadians http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4847185&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21185 Conclusions:Age change in bone strength is systemically controlled and homeostatic, but change in bone mass may vary with limb‐specific mechanical environment, particularly in females. However, the distribution of within‐individual divergence between femur and metacarpal values suggests that idiosyncratic factors, rather than age, have the strongest influence on intraskeletal divergence. Attempts to reconstruct skeletal ageing in past populations may benefit from an approach that models whole‐bone integrity, rather than bone mass alone, and that represents age‐related variation in both weight‐bearing and nonweight‐bearing sites. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4847185 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4847185 Spousal violence and paternal disinvestment among Tsimane' forager‐horticulturalists http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788058&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21149 Conclusions:Wife abuse is linked to the importance of paternal investment in human families, and is a means by which men control women's responses to a dual reproductive strategy of familial investment and pursuit of extramarital sexual relationships. This framework is more general than traditional sociological and evolutionary perspectives emphasizing patriarchy and men's sexual jealousy, respectively. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788058 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788058 Caregiving, gender, and nutritional status in Nyanza Province, Kenya: Grandmothers gain, grandfathers lose http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4758119&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21172 Conclusions:The beneficial impact on grandmothers might indicate a coping strategy. These results indicated that researchers should shift away from comparing caregivers to noncaregivers and instead look at the multiple factors which may make some families resilient and others at risk. Human biologists can contribute to this literature by examining the ecological and cultural contexts under which caregiving represents a burden with physiological repercussions. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4758119 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 03:22:38 +0100 4758119 Nutrition in transition: Dietary patterns of rural Amazonian women during a period of economic change http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4758123&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21147 Conclusions:The dietary changes observed are only in partial agreement with predictions of the nutrition transition literature. The relationship between the economic and diet changes was shaped by the local context which should be considered when implementing CCT programs, like the Bolsa Família. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4758123 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4758123 Modeling the effects of weaning age on length of female reproductive period: Implications for the evolution of human life history http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4758122&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21157 Conclusions:Natural selection will favor mutations or strategies that can decrease weaning age without incurring fitness costs. In the presence of younger weaning ages, selection favors a shorter female reproductive period. To the extent that allocare can decrease weaning age without decreasing fitness, its ubiquity in human societies and near absence in other primate societies may explain why women have a shorter reproductive period. Furthermore, allocare may have provided human ancestors with an avenue to decreased weaning age—and, ultimately, a shorter female reproductive period—that was unavailable to their hominoid contemporaries. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4758122 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4758122 Physical activity in an indigenous Ecuadorian forager‐horticulturalist population as measured using accelerometry http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4758121&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21163 Conclusions:Shuar activity levels are relatively low compared to other non‐Western populations. Despite increasing market integration, pregnant and lactating females seem to be adopting a strategy noted in other subsistence populations where male participation in subsistence activities increases to compensate for their partners' elevated reproductive costs. Despite certain limitations, use of accelerometry in human biology research shows promise. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4758121 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4758121 Lowland origin women raised at high altitude are not protected against lower uteroplacental O2 delivery during pregnancy or reduced birth weight http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4758120&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21167 Conclusion.Lifelong compared with newcomer high‐altitude residents have lower uteroplacental O2 delivery and similar infant birth weights, suggesting that developmental factors are likely not responsible for the protective effect of highland ancestry. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4758120 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4758120 Tanning predicts bone mass but not structure in adolescent females living in Hawaii http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4713966&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21158 Conclusions:The difference between facultative and non‐facultative skin pigmentation for a* is a significant predictor BMC, but not bone structure. Our findings are limited by an inability to control for long term UVA and UVB exposure and lack of a measure of serum 25(OH)D status. Further research is needed to examine these questions, particularly in populations who live at high latitudes where a winter season limits vitamin D3 synthesis. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4713966 Fri, 15 Apr 2011 06:28:01 +0100 4713966 How boys grow determines how long they live http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4651934&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21165 Conclusions:Rapid growth in childhood height usually predicts a longer life. But tallness among men may be a misleading indicator of wellbeing and longer life expectancy in populations where compensatory growth is widespread. African Americans may be an example. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4651934 Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4651934 Book review http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4651933&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21169 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4651933 Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4651933 Bioimpedance analysis: Should it be used in morbid obesity? http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4651930&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21143 Conclusions:BIA limitations were mostly relevant for males, not females. Despite such discrepancies, good associations with anthropometry were demonstrated for both genders. Correlations with liver enzymes, and indices of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism could be demonstrated. BIA deserves more investigations concerning liver steatosis and ongoing inflammation, and it could contribute as well, synergistically with anthropometry, to monitor weight loss, body fat shifts, and metabolic risk. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4651930 Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4651930 Logistics of using the Actiheart physical activity monitors in urban Mexico among 7‐ to 9‐year‐old children http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4651929&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21150 AbstractLogistics of using new measurement devices are important to understand when developing protocols. This paper discusses the logistics of using Actiheart physical activity monitors on children in an urban, tropical environment in a developing country. Actiheart monitoring of 36 children aged 7–9 years old was undertaken for 7 days in the city of Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. The Actiheart proved fragile for children and difficult to mend in the field. The excessive sweating due to the tropical climate caused poor adherence of the electrode pads, requiring a pad change midway through and extra pads to be provided. Also extra time was needed to be allotted for increased instructions to participants and their mothers and for individual calibration. When collecting objectively measured ph... American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4651929 Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4651929 Sex differences in Hadza eating frequency by food type http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4641532&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21139 Conclusions:At least in the case of the Hadza, we see pronounced sex differences in the in‐camp diet. Hadza men are eating a higher quality diet than are women, but women are able to eat far more frequently, and spend less time foraging than men. It is not yet clear whether a regular caloric intake of lower quality foods would be more beneficial for maintaining fecundity than a more variable diet consisting of higher quality foods. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4641532 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4641532 The co‐occurrence of obesity, elevated blood pressure, and acanthosis nigricans among American Indian school children: Identifying individual heritage and environment‐level correlates http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4641531&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21140 Conclusion:PIH appeared to be an important correlate of overweight and obesity, except when adjusted for the co‐occurrence of high blood pressure and AN. Overall, the prevalence and co‐occurrence of various risk factors in this population was high. Obesity prevention initiatives targeting families and communities are needed, as well as access to screening and treatment services. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4641531 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4641531 Physical activity patterns in French youth—From childhood to adolescence—Monitored with high‐frequency accelerometry http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4641530&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21142 Conclusions:Moderate to very high PA decreased from childhood to adolescence. Changes in PA patterns were associated with an increase of LPA and a concomitant decrease of MPA, while changes were more pronounced during free days than during school days. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4641530 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4641530 Right hand digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with oral cancer http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4641529&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21144 Conclusions:According to the results, males with the higher digit ratio seem to be more prone to undergo malignization of lesions in the oral cavity. Similar deleterious habits for the three groups allows us to infer that digit ratio could add to the research of etiological factors and be a putative marker for the screening of patients' susceptibility to develop oral squamous cell carcinoma. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4641529 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4641529 Behavioral changes associated with economic development in the South Pacific: Health transition in Vanuatu http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4559273&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21146 Conclusions: Economic development in Vanuatu is accompanied by nutrition transition and increased sedentary recreation, although physical activity levels remain high. Differences in substance use patterns between rural islands with and without tourism indicate a need for more research in rural areas. These findings might inform research in other communities in the early stages of health transition. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4559273 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4559273 β‐globin gene cluster haplotypes in sickle cell patients from Panamá http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4559272&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21148 Conclusion: The results show the presence of common βS haplotypes in Panama; the prevalence of African origin, and the similarity in the Panamanian and Colombian distribution of haplotypes. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4559272 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4559272 Reproduction, aging, and body shape by three‐dimensional photonic scanning in Thai men and women http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4559271&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21151 Conclusions: Life history strategy in body shape is apparent in both sexes, with aging associated with a shift of tissue away from the lower limb to the upper body. Such strategy may reflect age‐changes in the relative costs and benefits of different regional tissue masses. Changes in fat distribution related to aging and reproduction may contribute to the life‐course development of cardiovascular risk. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4559271 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4559271 Harris lines revisited: Prevalence, comorbidities, and possible etiologies http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4559270&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21155 Conclusions: We suggest a reconsideration of HLs as more of a result of normal growth and growth spurts, rather than a pure outcome of nutritional or pathologic stress. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4559270 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4559270 The effects of time and intensity of exercise on novel and established markers of CVD in adolescent youth http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4675866&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21166 Conclusions:These findings demonstrate that brief, intense exercise is a time efficient means for improving CVD risk factors in adolescents. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4675866 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4675866 Gender differences in oral health in South Asia: Metadata imply multifactorial biological and cultural causes http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4651928&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21164 Conclusions:The gender gap in oral health exists in South Asia and results from genetic, hormonal, and cultural influences. Three cultural factors contribute to this gender gap South Asia: (a) the relative value of sons and daughters, (b) frequent fasting among Hindu women, and (c) the belief that dietary restrictions result in easier childbirth. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4651928 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4651928 Puberty, body fat, and breast density in girls of several ethnic groups http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4641528&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21145 Conclusions:Female adolescent breast density was negatively associated with body fatness and positively associated with menarche. Am.J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4641528 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4641528 Hyperostosis frontalis interna: What does it tell us about our health? http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4559269&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21156 Conclusions: HFI prevalence has increased during the last century, especially among young individuals, possibly indicating a profound change in human fertility patterns, together with the introduction of various hormonal treatments) and new dietary habits. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4559269 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4559269 X‐chromosomal genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium patterns in Amerindians and non‐Amerindian populations http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4432632&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21110 Conclusions: In accordance to previous work done with other populations, human isolates, such as Amerindian tribes, seem to be an optimal choice for the implementation of association studies due to the wide extent of LD which can be found in their gene pool. On the other hand, the low proportion of loci in LD found in both admixed populations studied here could be explained by events related to their history and similarities between the allele frequencies in the parental stocks. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4432632 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4432632 Abstracts http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4432631&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21153 AbstractAbstracts are listed alphabetically by first author's last name. Each is preceded by the session [P: Poster (Wed, 8:30 a.m.–12:00 p.m.), Pearl Memorial Lecture (Wed, 5:00–6:00 p.m.), Plenary (Wed, 1:00–4:45 p.m.), A: Podium (Thurs, 8:30–10:00 a.m.), B: Podium (Thurs, 10:15–11:45 a.m.), C: Podium (Thurs, 1:45–3:15 p.m.), and D: Podium (Thurs, 3:30–4:45 p.m.] and the slot within that session (starting time for podium; board number for poster). Posters are displayed in Salon D and all other presentations are held in Marquette V/VI). (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4432631 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4432631 Author/Session index http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4432630&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21154 AbstractAbstracts are listed alphabetically by first author's last name. Each is preceded by the session [P: Poster (Wed, 8:30 A.M.–12:00 P.M.), Pearl Memorial Lecture (Wed, 5:00–6:00 P.M.), Plenary (Wed, 1:00–4:45 P.M.), A: Podium (Thurs, 8:30–10:00 A.M.), B:Podium (Thurs, 10:15–11:45 A.M.), C:Podium (Thurs, 1:45–3:15 P.M.), and D:Podium (Thurs, 3:30–4:45 P.M.] and the slot within that session (starting time for podium; board number for poster). Posters are displayed in Salon D and all other presentations are held in Marquette V/VI. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4432630 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4432630 Book review http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4432629&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21159 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4432629 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4432629 Proceedings of the Human Biology Association 35th Annual Meeting, Hotel Albuquerque, Albuquerque NM Minutes of the Annual Business Meeting http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330224&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21141 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330224 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330224 36th Annual Meeting: Human Biology Association http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4436335&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21152 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4436335 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4436335 Book review http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4432626&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21162 (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4432626 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4432626 Substantial variation in qPCR measured mean blood telomere lengths in young men from eleven European countries http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330223&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21126 Conclusions: These findings suggest considerable population variation in BTL in Europe that is not obviously a result of broad measures of population structure or infection/economic exposure measured in early life or in adulthood. Studying telomere dynamics in a wider variety of populations, and with greater attention to lifecycle dynamics, will be important to help elucidate the causes and possible consequences of human population variation in telomere length. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330223 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330223 Evaluation of specific metabolic rates of major organs and tissues: Comparison between men and women http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4280636&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21137 ConclusionsElia's proposed adult Ki values are valid in both nonelderly nonobese men and women. Further studies are needed to explore the potential influences of age and obesity on Ki values in humans. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4280636 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 02:04:32 +0100 4280636 Mitochondrial polymorphisms associated with differential longevity do not impact lifetime‐reproductive success http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4280640&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21112 ConclusionsAlthough LAPS significantly affect longevity, such differential longevity does not result in differential lifetime reproductive success. From an evolutionary perspective, these longevity‐associated polymorphisms do not affect the carriers' Darwinian fitness. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4280640 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4280640 Elevated pulmonary artery pressure among Amhara highlanders in Ethiopia http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4280639&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21130 ConclusionsThe Amhara at 3700 m had elevated pulmonary artery pressure, but without the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance characteristic of the classic model of the response to long‐term hypoxia by the pulmonary vasculature. The elevated pressure among Amhara may be a consequence of high pulmonary blood flow regardless of altitude and represent a newly identified pattern of response. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4280639 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4280639 Fetal growth restriction and 18‐year growth and nutritional status: Aboriginal birth cohort 1987–2007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4280638&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21133 AbstractThe main objective of the work is to compare the growth and nutritional status of Australian Aboriginal term infants born with (n = 81) and without fetal growth restriction (n = 260). A prospective birth cohort study of 341 Aboriginal babies from the Top End of the Northern Territory of Australia was recruited at birth (1987–1990) and re‐examined at a mean age of 18.3 years (2006–2008) for outcome measures of growth and nutrition status. Those with growth restriction at birth were 3 cm shorter (P = 0.0026) and 9 kg lighter (P = 0.0001) with head circumferences 0.95 cm smaller (P = 0.0008) than those without growth restriction. The proportions of growth restricted participants with body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 were significantly greater (P = 0.028), and those with BMI > 2... American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4280638 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4280638 Altered growth patterns of a mountain Ok population of Papua New Guinea over 25 years of change http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4280637&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21134 ConclusionsRecent socioeconomic changes appear to contribute to increased weight, BMI, and stature at younger ages in the Mt Ok at Telefomin. In contrast, unchanging adult stature may reflect a delay in the impact of socioeconomic changes, or genetic influences that modulate responsiveness to other growth regulators. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4280637 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4280637 Associations of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations with birth outcome in term Indian mothers and their neonates http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4264103&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21129 AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the maternal and cord long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) concentrations and their associations with birth outcome in term deliveries. Pregnant women (n = 253) delivering at term were divided into two groups based on their babies' birth weights (1) normal birth weight (NBW), that is, ≥2.5 kg (n = 190) and (2) low‐birth weight (LBW), that is, <2.5 kg (n = 63). Each group is further divided into two groups according to the baby's sex, that is, male NBW (M‐NBW), female NBW (F‐NBW), male LBW (M‐LBW), and female LBW (F‐LBW) groups. Maternal plasma docosahexaenoic acid and erythrocyte arachidonic acid (AA) levels were lower (P < 0.05 for both), while cord plasma docosahexaenoic acid and erythrocyte AA levels were hig... American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4264103 Sat, 18 Dec 2010 14:11:04 +0100 4264103 Secular trends in height and weight for healthy Han children aged 0–7 years in China, 1975–2005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4264107&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21105 Conclusions: The rapid positive secular trends will still continue with the rapid socio‐economic development in China. Urban‐rural height difference will further narrow. Currently no sufficient evidence indicates that growth difference in inter‐city has reduced. Weight increases rapidly for urban children, which does not match with height. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4264107 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4264107 The serum leptin level and body mass index in Melanesian and Micronesian Solomon Islanders: Focus on genetic factors and urbanization http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4264106&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21124 Conclusions: These observations suggest that the increase in obesity in the Micronesians had a genetic component while that in Melanesians might have been related with the urbanization. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4264106 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4264106 An evolutionary review of human telomere biology: The thrifty telomere hypothesis and notes on potential adaptive paternal effects http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4264105&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21127 AbstractTelomeres, repetitive DNA sequences found at the ends of linear chromosomes, play a role in regulating cellular proliferation, and shorten with increasing age in proliferating human tissues. The rate of age‐related shortening of telomeres is highest early in life and decreases with age. Shortened telomeres are thought to limit the proliferation of cells and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although natural selection is widely assumed to operate against long telomeres because they entail increased cancer risk, the evidence for this is mixed. Instead, here it is proposed that telomere length is primarily limited by energetic constraints. Cell proliferation is energetically expensive, so shorter telomeres should lead to a thrifty phenotype. Shorter telomeres ar... American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4264105 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4264105 Positive antibody response to vaccination in adolescence predicts lower C‐reactive protein concentration in young adulthood in the philippines http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4264104&cid=s_33746_62_f&fid=33746&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajhb.21128 Conclusions: This study provides evidence for a prospective, within‐individual link between more effective antibody‐mediated immune defenses and lower levels of inflammation. In the context of prior research in this population, these results suggest that early environments are important determinants of multiple aspects of an individual's immuno‐phenotype. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology) American Journal of Human Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4264104 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4264104