MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'American Journal of Orthopsychiatry' source. Tue, 07 Feb 2012 09:35:40 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595182&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01133.x This study examined the moderating effect of adherence‐promoting strategies in a survey and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials of cognitive behavioral treatments, interpersonal therapy, and psycho‐education for children and adolescents with mental health problems (k = 33). Results indicated the type and intensity of adherence promoters’ moderated study effect sizes according to client characteristics (age, gender, diagnosis). Preliminary findings suggest that males had higher effect sizes when more intensive adherence‐promoting efforts were employed. Adherence‐promoting efforts were associated with lower effect sizes for youths who were diagnosed with externalizing disorders. Results of this study suggest directions for future research to clarify clinical guideline... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595182 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595181&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01129.x This study examines the degree to which caregiver social connectedness influences the effects of strain associated with caring for a child with severe emotional disturbance (SED) on caregiver well‐being. We propose a model describing the relationships among the variables of interest and investigate elements of this model. Caregiver strain and social connections were significantly associated with caregiver well‐being. Although, no significant interaction effects of caregiver strain and social connections were detected, study findings suggest that caregiver well‐being can affect child progress and adjustment. Implications for child‐ and family‐serving systems are considered. (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595181 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595180&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01126.x This study sought to assess empirically the impact that enrollment in MeckCARES has on graduation precursors; namely, grades, suspensions, and absences. This study found that, on average, enrollment in MeckCARES is not associated with positive changes in educational variables. Implications of these findings are discussed, as are future directions. For example, additional research is needed with more sensitive measurement and data collection procedures (i.e., access to graduation rates and Medicaid information) to adequately assess the impact of enrollment in MeckCARES on educational outcomes. (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595180 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595179&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01131.x This study employed latent growth curve (LGC) modeling to examine (a) the degree to which youth improved on indicators of adjustment over the course of the first year of enrollment in MeckCARES, and (b) the services or demographic variables associated with individual differences in the rate of change over time. Participant caregivers (N = 121) reported on 3 major indicators of youth adjustment at baseline, 6‐month follow‐up, and 12‐month follow‐up. Primary analyses indicated that there was a modest yet significant improvement in all 3 outcome measures over the first year of enrollment in MeckCARES. Additional analyses revealed that caregiver reports of receiving case management at any point in the first year were associated with improvement in behavioral and emotional strengths... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595179 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595178&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01143.x Although rights protection and best interest perspectives are frequently viewed as diametric opposites, mental health advocacy is an important strategy in pursuit of both civil rights and therapeutic goals for people with mental illness. Independent, client‐centered advocacy supports the attainment of consumer‐identified goals for recovery, equality, and social inclusion and mitigates the negative consequences of stigma and discrimination. Advocacy strives to return decision‐making authority to consumers and thus to empower them to play a more central role in their own care, treatment, rehabilitation, and life choices. (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595178 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595177&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01142.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595177 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595176&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01141.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595176 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595175&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01140.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595175 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595174&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01128.x This study used data from 2 national surveys to examine the extent to which residential treatment facilities consistently implement certain practices following incidents of seclusion or restraint. The study found that 76% of facilities reported having secluded or restrained youth in the previous year; 34% of these facilities reported that, following such incidents, they always debrief the youth, family, and staff; notify the attending physician; and record the incident in the treatment plan. Accredited facilities and those that conduct a trauma assessment upon admission were more than twice as likely as others to consistently implement these practices. States and providers should continue to monitor seclusion and restraint practices and identify opportunities for quality improvement. (Sour... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595174 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595173&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01134.x Restraint and seclusion (R&S) are high risk, emergency procedures that are used in response to perceived violent, dangerous situations. They have been employed for years in a variety of settings that serve children, such as psychiatric hospitals and residential treatment facilities, but are now being recognized as used in the public schools. The field of education has begun to examine these practices in response to national scrutiny and a Congressional investigation. The fields of mental health and child welfare were similarly scrutinized 10 years ago following national media attention and have advanced R&S practice through the adoption of a prevention framework and core strategies to prevent and reduce use. A review of the evolution of the national R&S movement, the adverse ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595173 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595172&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01132.x This study examines the distribution of the types of involvement in school violence (bullies, victims, bully‐victims, and students not involved in violence) among the general population of Israeli school students. The prevalence of these different types of involvement was also examined according to gender, age or school level (junior high vs. high school), and ethnicity (Jewish vs. Arab). Further, the study examines the relationships between type of involvement in school violence and students’ perceptions of teachers’ support, safety, and absence from school because of fear. Data were obtained from a nationally representative, stratified sample of 13,262 students in grades 7–11 who responded to a self‐report questionnaire on victimization by, and perpetration of, school violence ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595172 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595171&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01127.x Research on subjective well‐being indicates that it is associated with academic success and positive school functioning. Despite a wealth of empirical research demonstrating the benefits of interventions aimed at increasing middle and high school students’ well‐being, few educational institutions have adopted evidence‐based curricula that address this construct as a means of promoting future academic and social achievement. In addition, numerous studies have begun to identify several factors that contribute to well‐being and thus have helped children and adolescents to be successful in both academic and social domains. These critical factors include personal goal setting, structured mentoring or life coaching, increasing gratitude, problem solving, and interpersonal skills. The p... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595171 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595170&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01130.x The tripartite model of subjective well‐being (SWB) incorporates 3 components: frequent positive emotions, infrequent negative emotions, and an overall positive evaluation of life circumstances (Diener, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999). In light of the large amount of time that youth spend in school, this study investigated a tripartite model of school‐related SWB among adolescents, based on 3 measures of SWB appropriate for adolescents. The measures included a measure of school satisfaction (SS) and measures of positive and negative emotions experienced specifically during school hours. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to analyze the factorial validity of 3‐ and 4‐factor models of school‐related SWB in a sample of 921 adolescents. Results indicated that a 4‐factor mode... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595170 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595169&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01139.x This study investigates patterns in violence over 3 time points in early to midadolescence in 2 statewide representative samples of youth, one in Washington State, USA, and the other in Victoria, Australia. Comparable data collection methods in both states were used to cross‐nationally compare patterns of violence, risk factors, and responses to violence (school suspensions and arrests) in 2 policy contexts. Risk factors include early use of alcohol, binge drinking, involvement with antisocial peers, family conflict, poor family management, sensation seeking, and bully victimization. These are modeled as correlates of initial violence and predictors of change in violence over a 3‐year period, from ages 12–15, for participating youth. Results suggest that patterns and predictors of vi... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595169 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595168&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01138.x This article explored whether mental illness may be an explanatory factor in DMC. Data such as measures of violence risk and symptoms of mental illness were taken from intake interviews with 482 detained youth in Connecticut. Results indicated that racial minorities in detention have significantly lower violence risk than Caucasians but are disproportionately represented among detention populations relative to their proportions in the general population. In addition, DMC in these data was not explained by mental illness, seriousness of charges, violence risk, age, or gender. We suggest that mandated efforts to reduce DMC will need to address more than improving behavior or reducing symptoms of mental illness among detained minority youth. Instead, efforts should be focused on reducing the ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595168 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595167&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01136.x This study examines a sample of foster youth at the onset of the transition to adulthood and explores how social bonds are related to the risk of arrest during adulthood. Drawing from official arrest records, event history models are used to examine the time to arrest. Because individuals may be at risk for different types of crime, competing risk regression models are used to distinguish among arrests for drug‐related, nonviolent, or violent crimes. Between the ages of 17–18 and 24, 46% of former foster youth experience an arrest. Arrests were evenly distributed across drug, nonviolent, and violent crimes columns. Although findings fail to support the significance of social bonds to interpersonal domains, bonds to employment and education are associated with a lower risk for arrest. C... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595167 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595166&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01137.x Extensive research shows that parental monitoring is a critical factor in child adjustment. Using parent and adolescent reports, this study sought to examine predictors of parental monitoring among an understudied, high‐risk sample of runaway adolescents. Parent‐reported depressive symptoms, couple (romantic) relationship satisfaction, and adolescent‐reported bonding with parents were used as predictors of both child‐ and parent‐reported monitoring. Findings indicated that, among parents, the couple relationship was the primary predictor of monitoring, whereas among adolescents, the parent–child relationship was the primary predictor. Maternal depressive symptoms were unrelated to monitoring. These findings suggest the utility of considering monitoring as an interpersonal pheno... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595166 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595165&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01135.x Witnessing community violence has been linked with several adverse outcomes for adolescents, including emotional and behavioral problems. Among youth who have witnessed community violence, proximity to the victim of community violence is one factor that may determine, in part, the nature of adolescents’ responses to community violence exposure. The present study examines whether relationship proximity to the victim of community violence is associated with internalizing and externalizing behaviors among a sample of urban and predominantly African American adolescents (N = 501) who have witnessed community violence. In 10th grade, participants reported whether they had witnessed 10 community violence events during the past year, and, if so, whether the victim of the violence was a fami... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595165 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294895&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01125.x Low‐income, uninsured immigrants are burdened by poverty and a high prevalence of trauma exposure and thus are vulnerable to mental health problems. Disparities in access to mental health services highlight the importance of adapting evidence‐based interventions in primary care settings that serve this population. In 2005, the Montgomery Cares Behavioral Health Program began adapting and implementing a collaborative care model for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders in a network of primary care clinics that serve low‐income, uninsured residents of Montgomery County, Maryland, the majority of whom are immigrants. In its 6th year now, the program has generated much needed knowledge about the adaptation of this evidence‐based model. The current article describes the adap... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294895 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294894&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01124.x In this study, we explored 2 questions: (a) Consistent with the cultural match theory (CMT), did treatment adherence and outcome improve as discrepancies between the cultural features of an anxiety treatment and patient characteristics decreased, and (b) In agreement with the specific therapy ingredient model (STIM), did the psychotherapeutic outcomes of a Culturally Competent Relaxation Intervention (CCRI) designed to reduce anxiety more effectively reduce anxiety rather than depression symptoms? The CCRI includes allocentric (the tendency to define oneself in relationship to others) relaxation interventions, while traditional relaxation strategies employ idiocentric (the tendency to define oneself in isolation from others) relaxation interventions. The CCRI was assessed with 44 Latino/a ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294894 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294893&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01117.x This study sought to examine the moderating effect of ethnic identity exploration and ethnic identity commitment on the various types of discrimination and psychological distress within a sample of Latino adults (N = 397). The results revealed that ethnic identity exploration was associated with increased psychological distress within the context of discrimination in work, academic, and public settings. Ethnic identity commitment, on the other hand, served as a buffer between covert discrimination and mental health. These findings highlight the circumstances in which ethnic identity functioned as a protective and as a risk factor in the psychological distress of Latinos. The implications are discussed within a stress and coping framework and outline directions for future research. (Sou... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294893 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294892&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01123.x The objective is to explore the initial interpersonal interactions between Black patients and their non‐Black mental health providers and to better understand how patients come to describe the encounter as good (favorable) or poor (unfavorable). A framework inclusive of 5 specific elements is introduced that maps the patient’s conceptualization process about how judgments are made about the encounter. Owing to the naturalistic and exploratory nature of the study, a research hypothesis was not established. Instead, we observed how patients scanned the interaction with the provider, made assessments about their provider, and determined whether their experience was positive or negative. The implications of these findings will help to improve the interactions in mental health settings betw... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294892 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294891&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01116.x The present study examined the relationship between goal‐striving stress and well‐being in a survey of 399 college‐educated Black American men who were members of a Black fraternal organization. Regression analyses revealed that goal‐striving stress was associated with decreased psychological well‐being, controlling for demographics and various psychosocial factors. When asked to explain their failure to reach life goals, half of the men attributed setbacks to racial discrimination. The association of goal‐striving stress with diminished well‐being was stronger among those who did not attribute setbacks to race than among those who did. These findings suggest that even with material success, Black men face blocked opportunities that could be consequential to their well‐bein... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294891 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294890&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01122.x There is increasing evidence that experiencing discrimination may contribute to poor mental health among Black Americans. However, few studies have distinguished between discrimination attributed to race versus other forms of discrimination or have compared differences in their psychological implications. Using nationally representative data on 5,191 Black Americans in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL; 2001–2003), this study examined serious psychological distress (SPD) in relation to discrimination attributed to racial versus nonracial causes and also investigated whether racial group identification may be a buffer. We found that discrimination was associated with greater odds of SPD, regardless of attribution. Racial attributions were associated with higher odds of SPD compar... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294890 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294889&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01118.x In this study, we employed structural equation modeling to test the degree to which racism‐related stress, acculturative stress, and bicultural self‐efficacy were predictive of mental health in a predominantly community‐based sample of 367 Asian American adults. We also tested whether bicultural self‐efficacy moderated the relationship between acculturative stress and mental health. Finally, we examined whether generational status moderated the impact of racial and cultural predictors of mental health by testing our model across immigrant and U.S.‐born samples. Results indicated that our hypothesized structural model represented a good fit to the total sample data. While racism‐related stress, acculturative stress, and bicultural self‐efficacy were significant predictors of m... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294889 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294888&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01111.x In many ancient cultures, hospitality was a significant moral and religious practice in responding to the needs of strangers. Although largely trivialized in contemporary society, the practice of hospitality continues to create contexts that contribute to individual and communal flourishing and that resist several dehumanizing social trends. A recovery of the practice can help faith communities connect their moral and theological commitments to the needs of children, families, and neighborhoods. (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294888 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294887&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01113.x This article focuses on some connections between these 2 areas and examines the ways in which everyday settings such as neighborhoods and the schools that exist within them can foster support for human rights (especially the practice of participatory rights) among adolescents. Secondary analysis of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement Civic Education (CIVED) Study (data collected in 1999 from nationally representative samples of 14‐year‐olds in 28 countries) is presented. A cluster analysis of 12 attitudinal scales in 5 countries sharing the Western European tradition (Australia, England, Finland, Sweden, and the United States) is presented. A new conceptual model is also introduced, a modification of Super and Harkness’s Developmental Niche. Th... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294887 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294886&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01115.x Almost all of the available evidence suggests a sharp rise in anxiety, depression, and mental health issues among Western youth between the early 20th century and the early 1990s. Between the early 1990s and the present, more serious problems such as suicide and depression have receded in some data sets, whereas feeling overwhelmed and reporting psychosomatic complaints have continued to increase. Other indicators, such as anxiety, have remained at historically high levels but not continued to increase. This mixed pattern of results may be rooted in the increasing use of antidepressants and therapy and the improvement in some cultural indicators. However, the incidence of youth mental health problems remains unacceptably high. (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294886 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294885&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01112.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294885 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294884&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01121.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294884 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294883&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01120.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294883 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294882&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01114.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294882 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294881&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01119.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294881 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007785&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01110.x Although research on youth aging out of the child welfare system has increased, there has been limited focus on how their experiences vary. In particular, there is a need to examine patterns in the involvement of these youth in other systems, which indicate constellations of challenges facing these young people as they transition out of care and into adulthood. Using administrative data from a large birth cohort of individuals born between 1985 and 1994 whose families have been involved in the child welfare system, this article presents an analysis of the mental health, substance abuse, juvenile justice, and criminal justice system involvement of youth who have aged out of child welfare. Using a 2‐step cluster analysis, we identify 5 subgroups of youth. Two of these groups, accounting fo... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007785 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007784&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01109.x This study longitudinally modeled the changing probability of being charged with a crime from age 16 to 25, including being served in out‐of‐home treatment and aging into adulthood, while controlling for person‐level covariates such as gender, race, past criminal charges, and mental health diagnoses. Results indicated that out‐of‐home treatment was related to a decreased probability of being charged with a crime during treatment. However, the preventive effect was small; estimates indicated only one criminal charge avoided for every 4 years of out‐of‐home treatment. Out‐of‐home treatment had no relationship to posttreatment probability of charge. Other significant contributors to being charged included gender, a substance use diagnosis, and an offense record prior to age ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007784 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007783&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01108.x This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of behaviors used by homeless young people to survive on the streets. Survival behaviors include prostitution, selling blood or plasma, dealing drugs, stealing, and panhandling. One hundred ninety‐six homeless young adults from 4 metropolitan areas—Los Angeles, CA (n = 50); Austin, TX (n = 50); Denver, CO (n = 50); and St. Louis, MO (n = 46)—participated in individual, semistructured, face‐to‐face interviews. Researchers predicted that youth transience would be related to high rates of survival behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test a model predicting relationships between survival behaviors and transience, employment, substance use, and social support. Young adults who were transient, unemplo... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007783 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007782&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01107.x Research on the experiences of youth leaving foster care as they enter adulthood has identified their risk for homelessness and housing instability. Although this finding has been consistent, it has not received sufficient empirical or conceptual attention. In this article, we (a) review the recent findings on housing outcomes for former foster youth; (b) identify relevant theoretical frameworks to examine housing outcomes for these youth, with specific attention to the concept of housing career; (c) describe existing policy; and (d) propose further strategies for understanding and, therefore, influencing outcomes for this population. Based on this analysis, we conclude with implications for policy, practice, and further research to assist these young people. (Source: American Journal of O... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007782 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007781&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01106.x Youth who experience a greater number of caregiver transitions during childhood are at risk for developing a host of psychosocial problems. Although researchers have examined individual‐level factors that may moderate this association, no known studies have examined the impact of community‐level factors. The current study investigated whether community violence exposure (CVE) moderated the association between number of prior caregiver transitions and increases in levels of externalizing and internalizing problems for a sample of youth entering foster care. Participants included 156 youth (aged 9–11 at first assessment) removed from their homes because of maltreatment. Youth provided reports of caregiver transitions and CVE at baseline, and caregivers, teachers, and youth reported on ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007781 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007780&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01105.x This study examines court petitions constructed by 19 Israeli social workers in cases involving the placement of 37 maltreated children in alternative care. The petition is seen not as a systemic description of the child made by the social worker, but rather as a construction based on the social workers’ understandings and interpretations with the aim of shaping court decisions. As such, the article describes a number of meaning‐making strategies that social workers employ to construct petitions: (a) constructing the mother as “the problem,” (b) constructing the story as one of “no change in sight,” (c) constructing out‐of‐home care as the only solution, with no other alternatives, and (d) minimizing the narrator’s personal involvement in the case. Implications for child ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007780 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007779&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01104.x The present article used data from a community sample of primary caregivers of children between 4 and 7 years old to investigate the prevalence and correlates of emotional symptoms in young children transitioning to elementary school. Mothers (n = 3,483) and fathers (n = 1,019) living in metropolitan areas of eastern Australia participated in a telephone survey of parenting practices and child behavioral and emotional problems. Fifteen percent of mothers and 12% of fathers reported that their child showed clinically elevated levels of emotional symptoms. The most common parental responses to a child’s anxious or distressed behavior were to use physical contact, talk in a soothing voice, or encourage their child to be brave, while fewer than 10% of parents ignored their child’... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007779 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007778&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01103.x Peers have intervened to promote health since ancient times, yet few attempts have been made to describe theoretically their role and their interventions. After a brief overview of the history and variety of peer‐based health interventions, a 4‐part definition of peer interveners is presented here with a consideration of the dimensions of their involvement in health promotion. Then, a 2‐step process is proposed as a means of conceptualizing peer interventions to promote health. Step 1 involves establishing a theoretical framework for the intervention’s main focus (i.e., education, social support, social norms, self‐efficacy, and patient advocacy), and Step 2 involves identifying a theory that justifies the use of peers and might explain their impact. As examples, the following mi... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007778 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007777&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01102.x The transition to parenthood brings with it challenges to a couple’s relationship, which in turn are likely to negatively impact coparenting and overall family process. The focus of the current study was to examine the effects of the Bringing Baby Home psycho‐educational intervention at the first postintervention follow‐up for promoting positive coparenting and family process within the mother–father–baby family system. Expectant parents (N = 181) were recruited from the greater Seattle area to participate in a longitudinal random clinical trials study. Families were randomly assigned to a control, workshop, or workshop plus support group. Observational coding indexed both parent and baby contribution to family interaction during the Lausanne Triadic Play procedure. Principal... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007777 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007776&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01101.x Despite substantial research documenting the importance of father–child relations, little is known about fathers in families considered at risk for child abuse, and this lack of information makes adequate targeting of fathers in interventions challenging. This research aims to provide information that will aid interventions in targeting fathers and addressing father‐related family issues through: (a) providing descriptive information regarding fathers in families at risk for child abuse, and (b) examining aspects of family well‐being relative to father involvement. Analyses were conducted on mother‐report data in families eligible for the Healthy Families Arizona prevention program (N = 197). Results indicated that although only 15% of parents in the sample were married, 47% of... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007776 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007775&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01100.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007775 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007774&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01099.x This article reports the results of 2 studies examining altruism born of suffering (E. Staub & J. R. Vollhardt, 2008). More specifically, we examined inclusive altruism born of suffering, which is directed toward members of disadvantaged outgroups. Drawing on and integrating clinical and social psychological theories, we hypothesized that individuals who had suffered from adverse life events would be more likely to help the outgroups in need than those who had not suffered. This was demonstrated for helpers who had experienced various forms of suffering (interpersonal and group‐based harm, natural disasters) and for 2 distinct types of prosocial behavior and attitudes (long‐term volunteering and disaster aid) benefiting outgroups within society and from other countries. We also fou... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007774 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704411&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01098.x This study demonstrated a diversity of experiences of lesbian‐parent families, often seemingly in relation to family contextual factors (e.g., how children were conceived), and has potential implications for family researchers, practitioners, and, perhaps, all parents. (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704411 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704410&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01097.x This study is part of the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study, which was undertaken to assess the long‐term interrelationships between cumulative frequency of geographic relocation (CFGR) and the development of personality characteristics (i.e., Inadequacy, Rigidity, Social Inadequacy, Dominance, Self‐sufficiency, Self‐esteem, and Hostility). We found that participants who had more mobility experiences had lower consistency in their personality characteristics (the exception being Rigidity). Residential mobility from different life stages was positively associated with the continuity and change of Inadequacy and Dominance. In addition, young adults with higher Rigidity personality experienced fewer geographic moves during the transition from young adulthood to mid‐life. ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704410 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704409&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01096.x This study investigates how ambivalence over emotional expressiveness (AEE) relates to various aspects of intimate relationships, including perception of the relationship, marital satisfaction, and dyadic closeness. Whereas most commonly AEE has been treated as an individual attribute, we suggest looking at a combined measure of the AEE of both spouses as a dyadic attribute. We examine the contribution of each spouse’s level of AEE as well as joint couple AEE to explain variations in the marital relationship. Data were collected from both spouses of 226 Israeli couples. Findings indicated that the AEE of individuals was more predictive of lower relationship quality than neuroticism and that dyadic AEE explains relationship quality more than the AEE of individual partners. Implications fo... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704409 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704408&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01095.x This study examined the adult attachment styles, interpersonal distance from potential attachment figures and strangers, coping strategies, perceived social support, and stress‐related self‐variables among patients diagnosed with adjustment disorders (AJD). Seventy patients at an outpatient clinic and 61 matched controls completed a battery of standardized questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to evaluate the parameters of interest. Using attachment theory (J. Bowlby, 1988) and the dynamic stress‐vulnerability model of depressive disorder (G. W. Brown & T. O. Harris, 1989) as the analytical frameworks, the authors hypothesized that participants with AJD would: (a) display more insecure attachment styles, (b) be less tolerant of close interpers... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704408 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704407&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01094.x This study tested a mediation model in which 3 forms of coping mediate the relation of 3 agentic personality characteristics (i.e., traits associated with the belief that people can effectively exercise control over their lives) to lower levels of anxiety within 1 subgroup of young adults (i.e., college students). The agentic personality characteristics were (a) hardiness, (b) personal growth initiative, and (c) coping self‐efficacy. The forms of dispositional coping were (a) problem‐focused, (b) emotion‐focused, and (c) avoidant. Results suggest that agentic personality characteristics differentially relate to forms of coping and trait anxiety. In addition, coping appears to fully mediate the relations of the personality characteristics to anxiety. The results imply that agentic per... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704407 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704406&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01093.x In this study, the associations of relational health, psychological distress, and alexithymia were examined by surveying 197 female undergraduate psychology students. Support was found for the hypothesis that alexithymic symptoms mediate the direct effect of poor relational health on psychological distress. The importance of assessing relational health and tailoring counseling interventions for people with low relational health and alexithymic symptoms is discussed. (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704406 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704405&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01092.x This longitudinal study examined the influence of parenting behaviors, well‐being, and risk factors of low‐income adolescent mothers on the cognitive and language abilities of children from infancy to age 3. Participants consisted of 1,240 mother–child dyads enrolled in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. Data were collected using structured interviews with the mothers and from videotaped mother–child interactions during play activities when children were approximately 14 months old and again at 36 months of age. Positive parenting behaviors exhibited toward the 14‐month‐old children predicted gains in both cognitive and language abilities more so than did maternal well‐being, risk factors within the family setting, and demographic risk factors. Gains in... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704405 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704404&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01091.x Because very little is known about the coparenting relationships of drug‐abusing men, this comparative study was designed to examine the lifetime prevalence and recent frequency of intimate partner violence in the coparenting relationships of 106 fathers enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment. When compared with 118 community controls, the opioid‐dependent fathers reported greater prevalence of physical, sexual, and psychological aggression directed at the mother of their youngest biological child over the course of the relationship. They also reported more frequent physical, sexual, and psychological aggression directed at the mother during the previous year. Similarly, the opioid‐dependent fathers reported both greater prevalence of physical and sexual aggression directed at t... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704404 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704403&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01090.x This study aimed to identify factors that influenced retention in the National Institute on Drug Abuse–funded Women and Trauma Study, conducted within the Clinical Trials Network (CTN). Women (N = 346) were recruited from and received treatment in 6 CTN‐affiliated sites. Log‐linear and logistic models were used to explore factors associated with retention. The mean number of treatment sessions attended was 6.8 (SD = 3.9). Women with more education, higher attendance at 12‐step meetings, and strong therapeutic alliance between facilitator and participant had better retention rates. Significant site differences were found; the site with the highest retention rate provided child care and had the lowest average monthly intake. To retain women with histories of trauma and substanc... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704403 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704402&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01089.x Overall health status is associated with long‐term physical morbidity and mortality. Existing research on the correlates of mental health effects of rape suggests that rape victims are at higher risk for poor overall health status. Little is known, however, about how different rape tactics may relate to health status in rape victims. Our aim was to examine prevalence and correlates of self‐rated health in a community sample of women, with particular emphasis on lifetime rape history (distinguishing between rape tactics), psychopathology, and substance use outcomes. A nationally representative sample of 3,001 U.S. women (age range: 18–86 years) residing in households with a telephone participated in a structured telephone interview. Poor self‐rated health was endorsed by 11.4% of ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704402 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704401&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01088.x This study examines the risk of depression, suicidal ideation, and lower self‐esteem following an abortion versus a delivery, with and without adjusting for important correlates. Using the National Comorbidity Survey, we tested how first pregnancy outcome (abortion vs. delivery) related to subsequent major depression, suicidal ideation, and self‐esteem. Models controlling for risk factors, such as background and economic factors, prepregnancy violence experience, and prepregnancy mental health, as well as a model with all risk factors, were examined. When no risk factors were entered in the model, women who had abortions were more likely to have subsequent depression, OR = 1.53, 95% CI [1.05–2.22], and suicidal ideation, OR = 2.02, 95% CI [1.40–2.92], but they were not more... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704401 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704400&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01087.x Grounded in the concepts of intendedness and wantedness and research on children born to women denied abortion, this article focuses on the Prague Study, which followed the development and mental well‐being over 35 years of 220 children born between 1961 and 1963 in Prague, Czech Republic, to women twice denied abortion for the same unwanted pregnancy. Children were individually pair‐matched at age 9 with 220 children born from accepted pregnancies. Five follow‐up waves were conducted at ages 9, 14–16, 21–23, 28–31, and 32–35 years. A substudy was also conducted of married unwanted pregnancy and accepted pregnancy participants at ages 26–28 years. To control for potential confounding factors, the study included all siblings of all subjects in the last 2 waves. Differe... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704400 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704399&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01086.x Pregnancy rates among young women who are homeless are significantly higher than rates among housed young women in the United States (J. M. Greene & C. L. Ringwalt, 1998). Yet, little research has addressed mental health or risk and resilience among young mothers who are homeless. Based on a sample from the Midwest Longitudinal Study of Homeless Adolescents, this study explores pregnancy and motherhood in unaccompanied homeless young women over a period of 3 years. The data are supplemented by in‐depth interviews with a subset of young women. Results show that almost half (46.4%) of sexually active young women who are homeless (n = 222, Mage = 17.2) had been pregnant at baseline. Among those who stated they had children between Waves 2 and 13 (n = 90), only half reporte... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704399 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704398&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01085.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704398 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704397&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01084.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704397 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704396&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01083.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704396 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704395&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2011.01082.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704395 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330823&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01081.x Thirty‐two problem‐oriented interviews with caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorders were analyzed using content analysis. The 722 statements of caregivers about their experiences of subjective burden because of the illness of their family members were summarized in 49 global statements and correlated by factor analysis to 10 types of burden. In particular, patients’ noncompliance as well as the helplessness of the caregivers in interaction with the (changing) depressive and manic symptoms of the ill family members emerged as serious burdens on the caregivers. Whereas female caregivers suffered more from problems regarding quality of relationship with the patient, male caregivers experienced more constraints on their own autonomy, uncertainty concerning their judgment ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330823 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330822&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01080.x The present study investigated dynamic, longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and marital processes. Two hundred and ninety‐six couples reported on marital satisfaction, marital conflict, and depressive symptoms annually for 3 years. Observational measures of marital conflict were also collected. Results suggested that different domains of marital functioning related to husbands’ versus wives’ symptoms. For husbands, transactional relations between marital satisfaction and depressive symptoms were identified: High levels of depressive symptoms predicted subsequent decreases in marital satisfaction, and decreased marital satisfaction predicted subsequent elevations in depressive symptoms over time. For wives, high levels of marital conflict predicted subsequent eleva... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330822 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330821&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01079.x This study examined use of ministers for assistance with a serious personal problem within a nationally representative sample of African Americans (National Survey of American Life—2001–2003). Different perspectives on the use of ministers—social stratification, religious socialization, and problem‐oriented approach—were proposed and tested using logistic regression analyses with demographic, religious involvement, and problem type factors as predictors. Study findings supported religious socialization and problem‐oriented explanations indicating that persons who are heavily invested in religious pursuits and organizations (i.e., women, frequent attenders) are more likely than their counterparts to use ministerial assistance. Contrary to expectations from the social stratificat... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330821 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330820&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01078.x Rates of suicide are increasing among African American adolescents and pose a significant public health concern. One area that has received little attention is the relationship between various types of social support and suicide, and the extent to which support moderates the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidality. A total of 212 African American adolescents completed in‐school surveys on three types of social support: family support, peer support, and community connectedness. The survey also addressed depressive symptoms and suicidality, as measured by reasons for living, a cognitive measure of suicide risk. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to examine direct and moderating relationships between types of social support and suicidality. The results indi... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330820 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330819&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01077.x This article presents data from the College Health Intervention Projects on the frequency of depression and suicide ideation among 1,622 college students who accessed primary care services in 4 university clinics in the Midwest, Northwest, and Canada. Students completed the Beck Depression Inventory and other measures related to exercise patterns, alcohol use, sensation seeking, and violence. The frequency of depression was similar for men (25%) and women (26%). Thought of suicide was higher for men (13%) than women (10%). Tobacco use, emotional abuse, and unwanted sexual encounters were all associated with screening positive for depression. “Days of exercise per week” was inversely associated with screening positive for depression. Because the majority of students access campus‐base... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330819 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330818&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01076.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330818 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330817&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01075.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330817 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330816&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01074.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330816 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330815&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01073.x Attitudes toward police rarely are studied in investigations of race‐related stress among communities of color. African American undergraduates (66 women, 35 men) rated the frequency and stressfulness of 83 general, college‐related, race‐related, and police‐related events. Although respondents described police contacts as stressful, multivariate analyses of variance indicated that mean stress scores for nonpolice items were higher than for police items. Men reported significantly greater stressfulness of police contacts, and women reported slightly greater stressfulness of nonpolice situations. Further analyses confirmed significant differences in police contact stress scores as a function of the type of contacts (benign vs. malignant), gender of respondent (men greater than women)... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330815 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330814&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01072.x This study examines whether the relationship between violence exposure and school engagement is mediated by psychological problem behaviors and whether such relationships are gendered. Five hundred and sixty‐three high school African American adolescents (ages 13–19 years) completed questionnaires that assessed two types of violence exposure (community violence and marital conflict), psychological problem behaviors (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, anxiety, withdrawal, and aggressive behaviors), and school engagement (i.e., student–teacher connectedness and grade point average [GPA] obtained from school records). For male adolescents, psychological problem behaviors collectively mediated the relationship between community violence exposure and student–teacher connect... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330814 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330813&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01071.x Cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses to experiencing or witnessing violence were examined in a sample of 263 inner‐city youth (94% African American, 49% male, Mage = 12.06, SD = 1.61, 52% 5th graders, 48% 8th graders). The youth participated in Wave 1 of a larger, longitudinal study for which they completed the Social Competence Interview (SCI; Ewart, Jorgensen, Suchday, Chen, & Matthews, 2002), a process whereby the youth relive witnessing or experiencing a recent act of violence. The interview was audiotaped and coded for emotional responses, goals, and coping behaviors. Adolescents who had been victimized were angry; expressed concerns about being negatively evaluated by self and others; expressed revenge goals; and coped by using primary engagement, social suppo... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330813 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330812&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01070.x The purpose of this study was to determine whether exposure to violence (EV) in several contexts predicts aggressive behavior through social information processing (SIP) in adolescents. Six hundred and fifty adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 participated in a 3‐wave longitudinal study. The participants completed measures of proactive and reactive aggression at all waves, SIP measures at Time 1 and Time 2, and violence exposure at Time 1. It was expected that SIP would mediate the predictive relationship between EV and aggressive behavior. We found that total Time 1 EV predicted Time 3 reactive aggression. The influence of EV on proactive aggression was direct. Slight differences emerged, however, for victimization and witnessing violence. Witnessing was associated with reactive a... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330812 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330811&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01069.x Studies have established a link between contextual factors, such as neighborhood and community environments, and psychopathology. Although these factors have been shown to affect the expression of symptoms of depression and other disorders, little evidence exists of a link between contextual factors and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study tested the relationships among perceived neighborhood disorder (a measure of self‐reported perceptions of the physical environment), community cohesion (a measure of perceived social ties), and self‐reported PTSD symptoms while controlling for previous trauma exposure in a low‐income, urban, African American population. Regression analyses indicated that both neighborhood disorder and community cohesion are related to PTSD sympto... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330811 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330810&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01068.x Community resilience activities were assessed in workplace teams that became first responders for Hurricane Katrina survivors. Community resilience was assessed by a survey, focus groups, and key informant interviews. On the survey, 90 first responders ranked their team’s disaster response performance as high on community resilience activities. The same participants, interviewed in 11 focus groups and 3 key informant interviews, discussed how their teams engaged in community resilience activities to strengthen their ability to deliver services. Specifically, their resilient behaviors were characterized by: shared organizational identity, purpose, and values; mutual support and trust; role flexibility; active problem solving; self‐reflection; shared leadership; and skill building. The i... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330810 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330809&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01067.x This article argues that, because resilience occurs even when risk factors are plentiful, greater emphasis needs to be placed on the role social and physical ecologies play in positive developmental outcomes when individuals encounter significant amounts of stress. Four principles are presented as the basis for an ecological interpretation of the resilience construct: decentrality, complexity, atypicality, and cultural relativity. These 4 principles, and the research upon which they are based, inform a definition of resilience that emphasizes the environmental antecedents of positive growth. This framework can guide future theory development, research, and the design of interventions that promote well‐being among populations who experience environments that inhibit resilience‐promoting... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330809 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073779&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01066.x This article reviews what is known about the effects of the military deployment cycle on young children, including attachment patterns, intense emotions, and behavioral changes and suggests an ecological approach for supporting military families with infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. Specifically, home‐based family focused interventions seem to warrant the most serious consideration. (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073779 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073778&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01065.x This article documents the parent–child transmission of understanding and emotional reaction to the WOT in South Asian Muslim families in Montreal, Canada. For this qualitative study, the researchers interviewed 20 families. Results indicated that the families’ emotional reactions and communication about these events were interlinked with family patterns of identity assignation. The majority of parents avoided talking with their children about the WOT and felt that these issues should not be discussed at school. Most children shared their parents’ feelings of helplessness and familial patterns of identity assignation. Parents reporting a greater sense of agency displayed less avoidance, had a more complex vision of self and other, and favored the school’s role in helping children m... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073778 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073777&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01064.x The present study was designed to determine the current level and distribution of well‐being among Kuwaiti citizens who have lived either in the middle or in the shadows of war since Kuwait was invaded by Iraq in August 1990. A measure of Kuwaiti well‐being, the Kuwaiti Raha Scale, was developed and utilized as the primary indicator in the first National Household Survey (NHS) of well‐being in Kuwait. The findings presented are part of an international program of research focusing on national trauma and mental health for which the Kuwaiti NHS was developed. From a population of 935,922 (2004), 830 households were randomly drawn, from which 487 were approached and 416 successfully recruited and surveyed. In contrast to prevailing views in the literature, level of well‐being (Raha) w... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073777 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073776&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01063.x This study examined the rates of probable acute stress disorder (ASD), probable depression, increased tobacco use, and their associated risk factors in 9/11 World Trade Center disaster workers. Surveys were obtained from 90 disaster workers (e.g., medical personnel, police, firefighters, search and rescue) 2–3 weeks after 9/11. Nearly 15% of disaster workers had probable ASD and 26% had probable depression. Probable ASD and depression were highly related to functional impairment. The risk for ASD was increased for those with 9/11‐specific disaster exposures, more pre‐9/11 trauma exposures, and the peritraumatic dissociative symptom of altered sense of time. Disaster workers who were younger, non‐White, or who had increasing numbers of peritraumatic dissociative symptoms were more... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073776 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073775&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01062.x There are increasing numbers of refugees worldwide, with approximately 16 million refugees in 2007 and over 2.5 million refugees resettled in the United States since the start of its humanitarian program. Psychologists and other health professionals who deliver mental health services for individuals from refugee backgrounds need to have confidence that the therapeutic interventions they employ are appropriate and effective for the clients with whom they work. The current review briefly surveys refugee research, examines empirical evaluations of therapeutic interventions in resettlement contexts, and provides recommendations for best practices and future directions in resettlement countries. The resettlement interventions found to be most effective typically target culturally homogeneous cl... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073775 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073774&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01061.x This study examines the role of social identity (acculturation and gender) in moderating the association between discrimination and Somali adolescent refugees’ mental health. Participants were English‐speaking Somali adolescent refugees between the ages of 11 and 20 (N  (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073774 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073773&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01060.x This study sought to investigate the effect of several such resilience factors, coping style, social support, cognitive appraisals, and social comparisons on PTSD symptom severity. Furthermore, this study examined whether coping style moderated the relationship between resilience variables and PTSD symptoms. Seventy‐five torture survivors completed an intake interview and several self‐report measures upon entry into a treatment program for survivors of torture. Results indicated that emotion‐focused coping styles significantly moderated the relationship between cognitive appraisal and social comparison variables and PTSD, and usually increased the likelihood of developing severe symptoms. These results indicate that the salience of resilience variables may differ depending on the ind... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073773 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073772&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01059.x The psychology literature concerning Jewish children hidden during World War II appeared in 1991 and was predominantly American and Israeli. Nevertheless, few studies consider the specific and complex situation of the “hidden children.” The present study broaches this theme. The aim of this research is to show the consequences of the cumulate trauma in adults whose trauma occurred when they were children; it also aims to show how the subjects cope with the trauma. This research used a qualitative methodology. A series of semistructured interviews on personal and psychological history was conducted with 35 Jewish people (21 women, 14 men; mean age = 74.9 years; range = 65–82 years) living in France and who had been hidden between 1940 and 1944 during the Occupation in Fran... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073772 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073771&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01058.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073771 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073770&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01057.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073770 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073769&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01056.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073769 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073768&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01055.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073768 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073767&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01054.x This article includes methods for designing interventions, studies and clinical vignettes that illustrate the application of the LINC Model, and examples of communities that have overcome major stress. (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073767 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073766&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01053.x This study addresses potentially stressful events that accompany the process of immigration for children and their families. Acculturation stress, combined with service disparities, may contribute to a higher risk for psychopathology among immigrant children and youth, as compared to their parents. Culturally informed, evidence‐based treatment and preventive interventions that meet the mental health and cultural needs of immigrant children and families have the potential to minimize this higher risk of adverse mental health consequences. (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073766 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073765&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01052.x Approximately 1.5 million children experience homelessness in America each year. The current economic recession and staggering numbers of housing foreclosures have caused the numbers of homeless families to increase dramatically. The impact of homelessness on families and children is devastating. Without a place to call home, children are severely challenged by unpredictability, dislocation, and chaos. Homelessness and exposure to traumatic stresses place them at high risk for poor mental health outcomes. Despite the pressing needs of these children, federal policy during the last decade has focused primarily on chronically homeless adult individuals—to the exclusion of the families. In 2010, however, the U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness issued a comprehensive plan to eradicate h... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073765 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073765 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073764&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01051.x Over a 4‐year period, the authors worked in partnership with a large early care provider and a Head Start center to design and implement a systems‐wide preventive program with the aim of increasing staff’s capacity to deal with depression and related adversities in their encounters with families and children. The intervention consisted primarily of training sessions and mental health consultation. Staff interviews, focus groups, reports by consultants, observations by assessors, and documentation of staff use of sick time were used to assess program impact. Reports by staff showed that the intervention proved feasible to deliver and resulted in sustained parent, classroom, and teacher activities. Teachers were better able to deal with the challenges presented by parents and children.... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073764 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073763&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01050.x This study builds on the scant research involving siblings of children with severe emotional disturbances (SED) and examines: associations between adversity experiences and adjustment among 5‐ to 10‐year‐old siblings, and relations among family resources, community life, and sibling adjustment. Caregivers from 100 families completed standardized indicators of sibling adjustment and scales reflecting multiple contextual variables. Results document negative associations between stress exposure and sibling adjustment. Regression models also indicate positive associations between the caregiver–child relationship and broader family resources on sibling behavioral and emotional strengths, even after accounting for adversity experiences; adversity exposure was the prime correlate in regre... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073763 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073762&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01049.x This study used such a dual‐factor model to measure the mental health status of young adolescents. A total of 764 middle school students were classified into one of four distinct groups based on having high or low psychopathology and high or low SWB. Furthermore, group differences in student engagement, academic achievement, and environmental support for learning were investigated. Results demonstrated the existence of a traditionally neglected group of adolescents (low SWB and low psychopathology) who are nonetheless at risk for academic and behavior problems in school and who performed no better than the most troubled group of adolescents. Overall, both the presence of positive well‐being and the absence of symptoms were necessary for ensuring the most advantageous school performance... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073762 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073761&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01048.x Polls show that Americans of all races now believe that social class and national origin are more potent bases for discrimination than race. However, this assessment is rendered more complicated by (a) the high rate of exclusion of people on the basis of behavioral characteristics and (b) the strikingly disparate impact of such decisions on people of color. America’s high rates of (a) incarceration in the criminal and juvenile justice system, (b) visa denials, detention, and removal in the immigration system, and (c) suspensions and expulsions in the schools all have the effect of excluding many Latinos and African Americans from ordinary life in the community. Although norms of inclusion are adaptive for communities, such an approach is intrinsically difficult to achieve. Attention shou... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073761 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4073760&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01047.x This study included data from both caregivers and youth and incorporated a multisource analytic approach to simultaneously examine the association between youth witnessed violence and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Data from 875 caregivers and 812 youth were collected as part of the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). Findings showed that youth reported more witnessed violence than did their caregivers, and caregivers reported more externalizing and internalizing behavior problems than did youth. Further, the source of information had a significant impact on the association between witnessed violence and internalizing behaviors. These findings highlight the need to incorporate multiple sources and multi‐informant analytic techniques to eliminat... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4073760 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4073760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822737&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01046.x This study builds on previous research, which fails to simultaneously assess the influences of pre‐ and postadoptive factors, by examining the impact of adoptive family sense of coherence on adoptee’s psychosocial adjustment beyond the effects of preadoptive risks. Using a sample of adoptive families (n  (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822737 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822736&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01045.x This study examined factors that predict adolescent adoption, subsidized guardianship, and reunification. The caseworkers and foster parents of 203 randomly selected 12‐ to 13‐year‐olds placed in traditional or specialized foster care were interviewed. Permanency outcomes were prospectively tracked for 8 years. By the end of the study, over 40% of the adolescents were placed in permanent homes. As hypothesized, a strong relationship with a biological mother predicted successful reunification, and a high degree of integration into a foster home predicted adoption. Additionally, when compared with adoption, subsidized guardianship with foster parents occurred more frequently for youth with strong relationships with their biological mothers and weaker relationships with their foster f... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822736 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822735&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01044.x This study examined associations between (a) mother–child discrepancies in reports of maternal aggression, and (b) mother and child reports of child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Data collected from 99 mother–child dyads (with children 4–16 years of age) during the baseline phase of a randomized clinical trial testing a parenting intervention were used in this study. Measures included parent and child versions of the Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire and the Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children. Findings indicated that as children viewed their mothers as increasingly more aggressive than mothers viewed themselves, children reported more internalizing and externalizing symptoms but mothers only reported more child externalizing symptoms. Mother–child di... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822735 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822734&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01043.x The research literature on the emotional well‐being of grandparents raising grandchildren has identified an array of factors that predict psychological distress among this population of caregivers. However, little is known about whether grandparents’ alcohol and/or other drug (AOD) use among some grandparents may negatively affect their emotional well‐being. Moreover, a synthesis of the research literature on mental health and AOD misuse suggests a plausible link between psychological distress and AOD use may exist among some grandparents raising grandchildren. Using a probability sample of grandparents raising their grandchildren, multivariate analyses conducted in this study show that grandparents who misused a drug and used alcohol had lower levels of emotional well‐being compar... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822734 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822733&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01042.x The present study examined the impact of proximal (maternal depression, family structure) and distal (exposure to violence) risk factors on parenting characteristics (warmth, control), which were in turn hypothesized to affect child social‐emotional functioning. Using the Family and Child Experiences Study (FACES) 2000 cohort, findings revealed that study variables were significant predictors of child social‐emotional functioning. Despite limited significant pathways in the structural equation models, the cumulative effect of the variables resulted in models accounting for 21%–37% of the outcome. Multigroup analysis revealed that although the amount of variance explained varied, the model held across subgroups. Findings support theories such as the family stress model that suggest th... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822733 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822732&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01041.x This study evaluated the odds of agreement versus disagreement for internalizing and externalizing problems as a function of child age, gender, race, public‐aid status, symptom severity, and impairment among 900 children (3–19 years) in a large, urban, child psychiatry clinic. A mixed‐effects regression approach was used to evaluate the relationship between disagreement and visit attendance. Internalizing problem disagreement was more likely for children who were males, older, less symptomatic, and receiving Medicaid. Externalizing problem disagreement was more likely for children who were female, older, less impaired, and less symptomatic. Internalizing disagreement predicted significantly fewer visits; externalizing disagreement did not. Clinician–parent disagreement about the ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822732 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822731&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01040.x Little research has been conducted that comprehensively examines cyber bullying with a large and diverse sample. The present study examines the prevalence, impact, and differential experience of cyber bullying among a large and diverse sample of middle and high school students (N  (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822731 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822730&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01039.x Child welfare agencies serve as gate keepers for children’s mental health services (MHS). Yet, the impact of offered services on behavioral outcomes has not been well studied. Data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well‐Being (NSCAW) were examined to measure caregivers’ reported change in children’s emotional–behavioral problems. Over 600 children in three age groups were matched and problem levels compared across 3 years. Although behavioral problems for the total group improved across time, scores for children who received MHS slightly worsened. Children who received MHS scored 1.4–3.7 points worse than children who did not receive MHS. Additionally, young Black, Hispanic, and other racially identified children had more problems than young White children, reg... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822730 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822729&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01038.x The prevalence of childhood maltreatment and the magnitude of the association of maltreatment with internalizing mental health symptoms were examined in 398 incarcerated youth. The prevalence of abuse greatly exceeded general population rates. The proportion of variance in mental health symptoms accounted for by maltreatment was small but developmentally significant. Sexual abuse is a markedly stronger predictor of internalizing mental health problems in incarcerated youth than physical abuse. Consistent with a bio‐psychological model of trauma, dissociation at the time of sexual abuse was the strongest nondemographic predictor of mental health symptoms. Physical abuse was associated with more internalizing mental health problems for children from families with mental health problems and... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822729 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822728&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01037.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822728 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822727&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01036.x (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822727 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822726&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01035.x The purpose of this study was to examine the relative contributions of the working alliance in predicting a recovery orientation. An additional aim was to determine whether a measure of case management fairness contributed any additional proportion of explained variance in a recovery orientation beyond what is accounted for by the working alliance. The study blended structured interview and clinical judgment measures with survey research methods to obtain data about consumer relationships with their case managers, as well as their recovery attitudes. The sample consisted of (N  (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822726 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822725&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01034.x Lifetime potential and probable pathological gambling (PG) were assessed using the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) questionnaire. The prevalence between patients in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in Tel Aviv (Israel, gambling is illegal) and MMT patients in Las Vegas (NV, USA, gambling is legal) was compared. Urine toxicology and substance use was assessed as well. PG at MMT admission was higher in Tel Aviv (48/178, 27%) than in Las Vegas (19/113, 16.8%; p  (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822725 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822724&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01033.x Political campaigns to deny same‐sex couples the right to civil marriage have been demonstrated to increase minority stress and psychological distress in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals (S. S. Rostosky, E. D. B. Riggle, S. G. Horne, & A. D. Miller, 2009). To further explicate the psychological reactions of LGB individuals to marriage amendment campaigns, a content analysis was conducted of open‐ended responses from 300 participants in a national online survey that was conducted immediately following the November 2006 election. LGB individuals indicated that they felt indignant about discrimination; distressed by the negative rhetoric surrounding the campaigns; fearful and anxious about protecting their relationships and families; blaming of institutionalized religion, igno... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822724 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822723&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01032.x This study examined associations among stressful life events, avoidance coping, and unprotected anal sex (UAS) in a convenience sample of 297 men obtained through the Internet and who either reported having sex with men or self‐identified as gay or bisexual. Participants completed an Internet‐hosted self‐administered questionnaire that included measures of victimization experiences and other stressful life events, and avoidance coping. More than half of the sample reported engaging in UAS during the previous 6 months. Victimization predicted UAS regardless of partner type; victimization, HIV‐positive serostatus, and avoidance coping predicted UAS with nonprimary partners. The findings provide evidence that American gay and bisexual men may experience a variety of stressful life e... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822723 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822722&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1939-0025.2010.01031.x Relations between family type and psychological and parental distress and the moderating role of social support were studied for 90 Israeli lesbian mothers, single heterosexual mothers by choice and 2‐parent heterosexual mothers who completed measures of psychological distress, well‐being, parental distress, and direct and indirect social support. Findings indicated differences on psychological and parental outcome between mothers from the two heterosexual groups. Social support was higher for lesbian than single heterosexual mothers and was correlated with psychological and parental indices. Unique because of the distinctive demographics of Israeli society (especially in relation to Western Europe and North America), this study highlights ways in which social and individual processes ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822722 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3822722 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3208200&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F4%2F532 This study used data from 340 mother–child dyads to examine characteristics of children with co-occurring diagnoses of anxiety and externalizing disorders and compared them with children with a sole diagnosis or no diagnosis. Comparisons were made using 4 child-diagnostic groups: anxiety-only, externalizing-only, co-occurrence, and no-problem groups. Most mothers were characterized by low income and histories of psychiatric diagnoses during the child’s lifetime. Analyses using multinomial logistic regressions found the incidence of co-occurring childhood disorders to be significantly linked with maternal affective/anxiety disorders during the child’s lifetime. In exploring implications for developmental competence, we found the co-occurrence group to have the lowest level of adaptive... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3208200 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:56:08 +0100 3208200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3208199&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F4%2F522 Parents of 165 children adopted from Romania and 52 children adopted from within the United Kingdom rated the success of the adoptions when the children were 11 years old. As was the case at two earlier study waves, satisfaction was found to be extremely high. Both positive and negative assessments were generally stable between ages 6 and 11, although for the children who had more problems there was an increase in negative evaluation, albeit within an overall positive picture. Parents’ evaluations were somewhat more negative for this group of children; however, parents reported that having the child as part of their family was very rewarding. Negative evaluation was not directly related to age at placement, but appeared to be a reflection of the later-placed children’s higher rates of ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3208199 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:56:08 +0100 3208199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3208198&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F4%2F511 This study investigated relationships between self-reported ages of achieving minority sexual orientation development milestones (first awareness of same-gender attractions, disclosure of a minority sexual orientation to another person, and same-gender sexual contact), and childhood maltreatment and suicide attempt experiences in a sample of 2,001 women recruited from multiple-community sources. Younger age of minority sexual orientation development milestones was positively linked to self-reported recall of childhood maltreatment experiences, and to a childhood suicide attempt. After adjusting for differences in maltreatment, the odds of suicide attempt attributable to younger age of sexual orientation development milestones was reduced by 50 to 65%, suggesting that maltreatment may accou... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3208198 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:56:08 +0100 3208198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3208197&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F4%2F500 Using a social stress perspective, the authors studied the mental health effects of added burden related to socially disadvantaged status (being African American or Latino, female, young, and identifying as bisexual vs. gay or lesbian) in a community sample of 396 self-identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults. Mental health outcomes were social and psychological well-being contrasted with depressive symptoms. When mental health deficiencies by disadvantaged social status were detected, the authors examined whether LGB community connectedness and positive sexual identity valence played a mediating role, reducing the social status disparity in outcome. The authors found different patterns when looking at social versus psychological well-being and positive versus negative mental hea... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3208197 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:56:08 +0100 3208197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3208196&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F4%2F491 This study is the first, to our knowledge, to evaluate the relationship between mental health and social support in a large, random sample of college students. A Web-based survey was administered at a large, public university, with 1,378 students completing the measures in this analysis (response rate = 57%). The results support our hypothesis that students with characteristics differing from most other students, such as minority race or ethnicity, international status, and low socioeconomic status, are at greater risk of social isolation. In addition, the authors found that students with lower quality social support, as measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, were more likely to experience mental health problems, including a sixfold risk of depressive symptoms ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3208196 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:56:08 +0100 3208196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3208195&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F4%2F482 This study examined (a) whether retrospective reports of specific parent responses to sadness (i.e., reward, punishment, neglect, override, magnification) were related to deliberate self-harm (DSH) and (b) whether difficulties regulating emotions (i.e., difficulties monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotions) mediated those relations. One hundred eighteen college students completed measures of parental emotion socialization, emotion regulation difficulties, and DSH. Parental reward and override of sadness were directly related to lower DSH scores. Parental punishment and neglect of sadness were related to higher DSH scores, and these associations were mediated by difficulties evaluating emotions. In other words, parental punishment and neglect of sadness may place individuals at risk f... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3208195 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:56:08 +0100 3208195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3208194&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F4%2F469 This article reports on a formative evaluation within 2 states’ prevention systems of an Internet system designed to build capacity on a large scale, interactive Getting To Outcomes® (iGTO). In Tennessee, 30 coalitions were randomly assigned to receive either the iGTO system or nothing. In Missouri, 18 coalitions receiving iGTO were compared with 8 like coalitions who did not receive iGTO. The primary outcome was iGTO’s impact on the performance of the coalitions’ programs, assessed through interviews at baseline and after a year of iGTO implementation. Analyses suggest that iGTO-programs improved their performance of prevention practices over non-iGTO programs. Semi-structured interviews of iGTO users and state-level stakeholders showed that iGTO was adopted by most iGTO-assigned c... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3208194 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:56:08 +0100 3208194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3208193&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F4%2F461 This study examined rates and correlates of intimate partner and general aggression perpetration among 236 male combat veterans seeking services in a Veteran’s Affairs posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) clinic. Approximately 33% of those in an intimate relationship reported perpetrating partner physical aggression in the previous year, and 91% reported partner psychological aggression. Comparable rates were found for general aggression perpetration among partnered and nonpartnered veterans. PTSD symptoms as well as symptoms of depression were associated with aggression across subgroups and forms of aggression, and PTSD symptoms reflecting arousal and lack of control were generally the strongest predictor of aggression. Findings indicate a need for additional aggression screening and in... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3208193 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:56:08 +0100 3208193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3208192&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F4%2F452 This article discusses these limitations and their possible implications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3208192 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:56:08 +0100 3208192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3208191&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F4%2F441 The sociology of emotion is rapidly evolving and has implications for medical settings. Advancing medical technologies create new contexts for decision-making and emotional reaction that are framed by “feeling rules.” Feeling rules guide not only behavior, but also how one believes one should feel, thereby causing one to attempt to bring one’s authentic feelings into line with perceived feeling rules. Using qualitative data, the theoretical existence of feeling rules in pregnancy and prenatal testing is confirmed. Further examination extends this analysis: at times of technological development feeling rules are often discrepant, leaving patients with unscripted emotion work. Data from a study of women who interrupted anomalous pregnancies indicate that feeling rules are unclear when ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3208191 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:56:07 +0100 3208191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3208190&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F4%2F439 Presents an obituary for Jane Knitzer. Knitzer obtained her degrees from Wellesley College and Harvard University, and received a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Institute of Mental Health. This was followed by an assistant professorship in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies at the College of Human Ecology at Cornell University, and then a position as a senior policy specialist with the Children’s Defense Fund. During this time, she wrote several landmark documents in child policy that had a tremendous impact on the field of children’s mental health. She was the founding director of the Institute for Child and Youth Policy Studies as part of Statewide Youth Advocacy and also an adjunct professor at the Graduate School of Education and Human Development at ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3208190 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:56:07 +0100 3208190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3208189&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F4%2F437 Since 1930, the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry (AJO) has been the flagship journal of the American Orthopsychiatric Association and today continues to foster development of interdisciplinary theory and research designed to inform practice and policy advocacy. This transitional editorial expresses appreciation to contributors, highlights issues and activities of the journal, and passes the torch to the new editors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3208189 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:56:05 +0100 3208189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3676415&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-ort%2F%7E3%2FqOG1LYS1zlI%2F532 This study used data from 340 mother–child dyads to examine characteristics of children with co-occurring diagnoses of anxiety and externalizing disorders and compared them with children with a sole diagnosis or no diagnosis. Comparisons were made using 4 child-diagnostic groups: anxiety-only, externalizing-only, co-occurrence, and no-problem groups. Most mothers were characterized by low income and histories of psychiatric diagnoses during the child’s lifetime. Analyses using multinomial logistic regressions found the incidence of co-occurring childhood disorders to be significantly linked with maternal affective/anxiety disorders during the child’s lifetime. In exploring implications for developmental competence, we found the co-occurrence group to have the lowest level of adaptive... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3676415 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3676415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3676414&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-ort%2F%7E3%2FSPQPyhNjWWY%2F522 Parents of 165 children adopted from Romania and 52 children adopted from within the United Kingdom rated the success of the adoptions when the children were 11 years old. As was the case at two earlier study waves, satisfaction was found to be extremely high. Both positive and negative assessments were generally stable between ages 6 and 11, although for the children who had more problems there was an increase in negative evaluation, albeit within an overall positive picture. Parents’ evaluations were somewhat more negative for this group of children; however, parents reported that having the child as part of their family was very rewarding. Negative evaluation was not directly related to age at placement, but appeared to be a reflection of the later-placed children’s higher rates of ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3676414 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3676414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3676413&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-ort%2F%7E3%2FUEXk2sGFyBA%2F511 This study investigated relationships between self-reported ages of achieving minority sexual orientation development milestones (first awareness of same-gender attractions, disclosure of a minority sexual orientation to another person, and same-gender sexual contact), and childhood maltreatment and suicide attempt experiences in a sample of 2,001 women recruited from multiple-community sources. Younger age of minority sexual orientation development milestones was positively linked to self-reported recall of childhood maltreatment experiences, and to a childhood suicide attempt. After adjusting for differences in maltreatment, the odds of suicide attempt attributable to younger age of sexual orientation development milestones was reduced by 50 to 65%, suggesting that maltreatment may accou... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3676413 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3676413 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3676412&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-ort%2F%7E3%2FXhOqqPM6_UY%2F500 Using a social stress perspective, the authors studied the mental health effects of added burden related to socially disadvantaged status (being African American or Latino, female, young, and identifying as bisexual vs. gay or lesbian) in a community sample of 396 self-identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults. Mental health outcomes were social and psychological well-being contrasted with depressive symptoms. When mental health deficiencies by disadvantaged social status were detected, the authors examined whether LGB community connectedness and positive sexual identity valence played a mediating role, reducing the social status disparity in outcome. The authors found different patterns when looking at social versus psychological well-being and positive versus negative mental hea... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3676412 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3676412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3676411&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-ort%2F%7E3%2FzHSaoKi13qw%2F491 This study is the first, to our knowledge, to evaluate the relationship between mental health and social support in a large, random sample of college students. A Web-based survey was administered at a large, public university, with 1,378 students completing the measures in this analysis (response rate = 57%). The results support our hypothesis that students with characteristics differing from most other students, such as minority race or ethnicity, international status, and low socioeconomic status, are at greater risk of social isolation. In addition, the authors found that students with lower quality social support, as measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, were more likely to experience mental health problems, including a sixfold risk of depressive symptoms ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3676411 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3676411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3676410&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-ort%2F%7E3%2FD3GD1DK17os%2F482 This study examined (a) whether retrospective reports of specific parent responses to sadness (i.e., reward, punishment, neglect, override, magnification) were related to deliberate self-harm (DSH) and (b) whether difficulties regulating emotions (i.e., difficulties monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotions) mediated those relations. One hundred eighteen college students completed measures of parental emotion socialization, emotion regulation difficulties, and DSH. Parental reward and override of sadness were directly related to lower DSH scores. Parental punishment and neglect of sadness were related to higher DSH scores, and these associations were mediated by difficulties evaluating emotions. In other words, parental punishment and neglect of sadness may place individuals at risk f... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3676410 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3676410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3676409&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-ort%2F%7E3%2Fc8zyHaK4ZEQ%2F469 This article reports on a formative evaluation within 2 states’ prevention systems of an Internet system designed to build capacity on a large scale, interactive Getting To Outcomes® (iGTO). In Tennessee, 30 coalitions were randomly assigned to receive either the iGTO system or nothing. In Missouri, 18 coalitions receiving iGTO were compared with 8 like coalitions who did not receive iGTO. The primary outcome was iGTO’s impact on the performance of the coalitions’ programs, assessed through interviews at baseline and after a year of iGTO implementation. Analyses suggest that iGTO-programs improved their performance of prevention practices over non-iGTO programs. Semi-structured interviews of iGTO users and state-level stakeholders showed that iGTO was adopted by most iGTO-assigned c... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3676409 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3676409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3676408&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-ort%2F%7E3%2FP1b_ZCS5ybU%2F461 This study examined rates and correlates of intimate partner and general aggression perpetration among 236 male combat veterans seeking services in a Veteran’s Affairs posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) clinic. Approximately 33% of those in an intimate relationship reported perpetrating partner physical aggression in the previous year, and 91% reported partner psychological aggression. Comparable rates were found for general aggression perpetration among partnered and nonpartnered veterans. PTSD symptoms as well as symptoms of depression were associated with aggression across subgroups and forms of aggression, and PTSD symptoms reflecting arousal and lack of control were generally the strongest predictor of aggression. Findings indicate a need for additional aggression screening and in... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3676408 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3676408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3676407&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-ort%2F%7E3%2Fhsz2iJ_EzTk%2F452 This article discusses these limitations and their possible implications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3676407 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3676407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3676406&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-ort%2F%7E3%2FZN6u8_0vT5s%2F441 The sociology of emotion is rapidly evolving and has implications for medical settings. Advancing medical technologies create new contexts for decision-making and emotional reaction that are framed by “feeling rules.” Feeling rules guide not only behavior, but also how one believes one should feel, thereby causing one to attempt to bring one’s authentic feelings into line with perceived feeling rules. Using qualitative data, the theoretical existence of feeling rules in pregnancy and prenatal testing is confirmed. Further examination extends this analysis: at times of technological development feeling rules are often discrepant, leaving patients with unscripted emotion work. Data from a study of women who interrupted anomalous pregnancies indicate that feeling rules are unclear when ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3676406 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3676406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3676405&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-ort%2F%7E3%2FHzVMxfepDLk%2F439 Presents an obituary for Jane Knitzer. Knitzer obtained her degrees from Wellesley College and Harvard University, and received a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Institute of Mental Health. This was followed by an assistant professorship in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies at the College of Human Ecology at Cornell University, and then a position as a senior policy specialist with the Children’s Defense Fund. During this time, she wrote several landmark documents in child policy that had a tremendous impact on the field of children’s mental health. She was the founding director of the Institute for Child and Youth Policy Studies as part of Statewide Youth Advocacy and also an adjunct professor at the Graduate School of Education and Human Development at ... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3676405 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3676405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3676404&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-ort%2F%7E3%2FSfTxYH3QZaQ%2F437 Since 1930, the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry (AJO) has been the flagship journal of the American Orthopsychiatric Association and today continues to foster development of interdisciplinary theory and research designed to inform practice and policy advocacy. This transitional editorial expresses appreciation to contributors, highlights issues and activities of the journal, and passes the torch to the new editors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3676404 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3676404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915986&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F3%2F430 This study elucidates the role of pets in recovery processes among adults with serious mental illness. Data derive from interviews with 177 HMO members with serious mental illness (52.2% women, average age 48.8 years) in the Study of Transitions and Recovery Strategies (STARS). Interviews and questionnaires addressed factors affecting recovery processes and included questions about pet ownership. Data were analyzed using a modified grounded theory method to identify the roles pets play in the recovery process. Primary themes indicate pets assist individuals in recovery from serious mental illness by (a) providing empathy and “therapy”; (b) providing connections that can assist in redeveloping social avenues; (c) serving as “family” in the absence of or in addition to human family m... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915986 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:43:43 +0100 2915986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915985&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F3%2F421 Information obtained from 419 case files was used to investigate the associations between the foster child’s adjustment to the foster family and factors in the histories of the child and the parents, as well as factors in the relationship between foster children and their biological parents while they are placed in foster care. Problems in the foster child’s prior history, particularly attachment disorders and the experience of replacements, affect the extent of adjustment to the foster family. In-home visits by the child and the absence of parental permission to stay with the foster family are two factors related to the parent–child relationship that impeded adjustment. In general, parental problem factors did not affect adjustment. The fact that many foster children come from probl... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915985 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:43:43 +0100 2915985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915984&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F3%2F407 This study examines the links between students’ reports of sexual harassment victimization by peers and a number of individual and school contextual factors. It is based on a nationally representative sample of 16,604 students in Grades 7 through 11 in 327 schools across Israel who completed questionnaires during class. Hierarchical Linear Modeling was used to examine the links. Overall, approximately one in four students (25.6%) were victims of at least one unwanted and unwelcome act of harassment by peers (such as being touched or pinched in sexual manner) in the prior month. The most vulnerable groups were Israeli-Arab boys and students with negative perceptions of their school climate. The school correlates associated with higher levels of victimization were a higher share of student... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915984 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:43:43 +0100 2915984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915983&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F3%2F398 This study found that violent and nonviolent traumatic events were pervasive in the lives of these urban youth, and that they were as likely to report loss and injury of a close other through an accident as an act of violence. There were strong gender differences in the data. Unexpectedly, injury or loss of a close friend or family member from nonviolent events, but not from violent events, predicted PTSD, internalizing, and depression for boys. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for school-based universal interventions in communities where large numbers of children live with loss and trauma. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915983 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:43:43 +0100 2915983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915982&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F3%2F387 Previous research has demonstrated impact of psychosocial adversity on the mental health of children. This cross-sectional study examined specific influences of psychosocial adversity on internalizing versus externalizing symptoms, as explained by relative neighborhood disadvantage, sociocultural disadvantage, and exposure to interpersonal and non-interpersonal traumatic life events. Participants included 258 children aged 6 to 12 years from two Swedish elementary schools located in two socioeconomically distinct neighborhood settings. Information was obtained from their parents by means of questionnaires (a demographic form including information about parental occupation and country of origin, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Life Incidence of Traumatic Events checklis... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915982 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:43:43 +0100 2915982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915981&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F3%2F375 This study offers a new understanding of the experience of women gaining solid footing in their lives, the peace of knowing the abuse is over, and power to move in an upward trajectory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915981 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:43:43 +0100 2915981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915980&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F3%2F366 This article’s purpose is to (a) educate clinicians about the psychological complexities of homelessness with parents and their children and (b) highlight the benefits of using filial therapy as an evidence-based intervention with this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915980 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:43:43 +0100 2915980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915979&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F3%2F357 This article focuses on the stressors of parenting an adult child who experiences homelessness. Parents whose adult children become homeless may provide support to this child, but they may also subsequently experience stress and require social support themselves. Findings from this study support the hypothesis that parents who spend more time or money helping their homeless adult offspring experience higher levels of stress. Results also show higher levels of stress among parents who helped with activities of daily living and among parents who worked to prevent harm involving their adult homeless offspring. Among 37 respondents, a majority of whom were African American mothers parenting homeless sons, parents who engaged in activities to prevent harm and parents who experienced stress from... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915979 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:43:43 +0100 2915979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915978&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F3%2F348 This study examined the impact of conflict and social support on parenting behaviors in a sample of mothers who are homeless and were involved in a study of case management interventions of varying intensity. We found that women who reported high emotional and instrumental social support self-reported greater improvements in parenting consistency over time than those who reported lower levels of support. However, three-way interactions showed that conflict in support networks was a risk factor for harsh parenting practices among participants who reported lower levels of instrumental social support. Results suggest that social support may enhance homeless mothers’ ability to provide consistent parenting, but that these benefits may be undermined if conflict occurs in combination with limi... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915978 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:43:43 +0100 2915978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915977&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F3%2F336 Long-term homelessness is associated with other psychosocial risk factors (e.g., adult mental illness, substance abuse, and exposure to violence). All of these factors are associated with impairments in parenting effectiveness and child adjustment, but there are very limited data investigating parenting among families who are homeless and highly mobile. In particular, there is no literature examining the relationships among observed parenting, parental mental health, and child adjustment in a supportive housing sample. Data are reported from a multimethod study of 200 children in 127 families residing in supportive housing agencies in a large metro area. Observed parenting and parents’ mental health symptoms directly affected children’s adjustment. The influence of parenting self-effic... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915977 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:43:43 +0100 2915977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915976&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F3%2F326 The present study used data from 132 families that were homeless and a comparison group of 434 housed families in order to compare family functioning across the two groups. Family functioning was assessed by family support workers when the families sought help from one of seven family service agencies in Washington, DC. Multiple regression models showed that there were few differences between homeless and housed families; a difference that did emerge showed that homeless families fared better than housed families in terms of children’s developmental stimulation. However, when considering the compounding effects of additional family risk factors, adverse effects of homelessness were observed. As compared with housed families, homeless families with a history of parental mental illness had... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915976 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:43:42 +0100 2915976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915975&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F3%2F319 This paper reviews mounting evidence linking foster care and homelessness and considers new approaches for intervention. Although there is no causal evidence that family homelessness leads to foster care or vice versa, the association no longer originates solely from samples of homeless people, but also from samples of people with childhood histories of foster care. Many programs work with families, children or youth based on their current living situations and limits imposed by funders. This results in discontinued services when the living situations change. Given the strong and consistent associations between homelessness and foster care, a better approach is to design programs that work with transient families regardless of their living situation. Parenting is key. Whether the parents a... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915975 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:43:42 +0100 2915975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915974&cid=s_27119_172_f&fid=27119&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fort%2F79%2F3%2F305 Parent-adolescent violence (i.e., violence between parents and adolescents) is an important pathway to homelessness and predicts poor behavioral health outcomes among youth. However, few studies have examined links between parent violence and outcomes among youth who are homeless. Existing research has also tended to ignore adolescent violence toward parents, despite evidence that mutual violence is common. The current study examines prospective links of parent-adolescent violence to outcomes among youth who were homeless and demographically matched youth, through two complementary substudies: (a) an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of items measuring parent and adolescent violence combined in the same analysis; and (b) an examination of predictive relationships between the factors identi... American Journal of Orthopsychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915974 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:43:42 +0100 2915974