MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'American Journal of Preventive Medicine' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 07:35:46 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614787&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711009299%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614787 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:52 +0100 5614787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614786&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711009287%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614786 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:52 +0100 5614786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614785&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711009275%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614785 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:52 +0100 5614785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614784&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008476%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In 1998, when one of us (BKR) presented the concept for Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Centers (TTURCs) to the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Board of Scientific Advisors (BSA) for approval, they questioned whether transdisciplinary was a word. We provided the Oxford English Dictionary definition as proof. Fast-forward to 2008 when one of us (DBA), who was on the BSA and principal investigator for a TTURC, built on the NCI experience to make transdisciplinary systems science the centerpiece of the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research's strategic plan for NIH institutes and centers. Recently, a Google search identified 809,000 hits for transdisciplinary research. Across NIH and beyond, globally, transdisciplinary is now part of research parlance and increasingly em... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614784 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:52 +0100 5614784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614783&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008439%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Observational audits commonly are used in public health research to collect data on built environment characteristics that affect health-related behaviors and outcomes, including physical activity and weight status. However, implementing in-person field audits can be expensive if observations are needed over large or geographically dispersed areas or at multiple points in time. A reliable and more efficient method for observational audits could facilitate extendibility (i.e., expanded geographic and temporal scope) and lead to more standardized assessment that strengthens the ability to compare results across different regions and studies. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the degree of agreement between field audits and audits derived from interpretation of three types of o... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614783 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:52 +0100 5614783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614782&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008531%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Enhanced reporting of relevant and pragmatic information in behavioral investigations of childhood obesity interventions is needed to improve the ability to evaluate the applicability of results to practice implementation. Such evidence would improve translation of research to practice, provide additional explanation for variability in intervention outcomes, and provide insights into successful adaptations of interventions to local conditions. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614782 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:52 +0100 5614782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614781&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008373%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Activity levels in ASPs are well below recommendations. Substantial effort is needed to identify strategies ASPs can employ to ensure children are sufficiently active. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614781 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:51 +0100 5614781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614780&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008427%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Compliance with dietary guidelines means incorporating multiple foods and nutrients into everyday diets, to be consumed in smaller or larger amounts. Feasibility studies can help determine whether one nutrient guideline comes into conflict with another. For one half of the U.S. population, the 2010 dietary guidelines for sodium were set at 1500 mg/d. Purpose: To test the compatibility of the 1500 mg/day sodium goal with nutrient-adequate diets. Methods: Analyses, conducted in 2010, used U.S. federal nutrient composition and dietary intake databases to create modeled food patterns for six gender–age groups using linear programming techniques. The food patterns were designed to meet nutritional standards for 27 nutrients as the mean sodium content was progressively reduced... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614780 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:51 +0100 5614780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614779&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008385%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: A combination of patient, patient-physician relationship, and visit contextual factors are associated with preventive service delivery. Additional studies are warranted to understand the complex interplay of factors that support and compromise preventive service delivery. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614779 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:51 +0100 5614779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614778&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008488%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The lag in productivity among the transdisciplinary center grants was offset by their overall higher publication rates and average number of coauthors per publication, relative to investigator-initiated grants, over the 10-year comparison period. The findings suggest that transdisciplinary center grants create benefits for both scientific productivity and collaboration. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614778 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:51 +0100 5614778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614777&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS074937971100852X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Establishments dedicated to hookah tobacco smoking recently have proliferated and helped introduce hookah use to U.S. communities. Purpose: To conduct a comprehensive, qualitative assessment of websites promoting these establishments. Methods: In June 2009, a systematic search process was initiated to access the universe of websites representing major hookah tobacco smoking establishments. In 2009–2010, codebook development followed an iterative paradigm involving three researchers and resulted in a final codebook consisting of 36 codes within eight categories. After two independent coders had nearly perfect agreement (Cohen's κ = 0.93) on double-coding the data in the first 20% of sites, the coders divided the remaining sites and coded them independently. A thematic ap... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614777 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:51 +0100 5614777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614776&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008610%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Understanding who is most likely to report alcohol-impaired driving is important in developing interventions to prevent this behavior. Interventions that are known to be effective, such as sobriety checkpoints and installing ignition interlocks on the vehicles of people convicted of alcohol-impaired driving, should be widely implemented. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614776 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:51 +0100 5614776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614775&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008312%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study evaluated the impact of a prompt across different building types, and on stair climbing versus descent over several months. Methods: In 2008–2009, stair and elevator trips were observed and analyzed at three buildings in New York City before and after the posting of a prompt stating “Burn Calories, Not Electricity” (total observations=18,462). Sites included a three-story health clinic (observations=4987); an eight-story academic building (observations=5151); and a ten-story affordable housing site (observations=8324). Stair and elevator trips up and down were recorded separately at the health clinic to isolate the impact on climbing and descent. Follow-up was conducted at the health clinic and affordable housing site to assess long-term impact. Results: Increased stai... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614775 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:51 +0100 5614775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614774&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS074937971100849X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: This correlational study has measurement and design limitations. Longitudinal studies that can assess links between environmental, dependent, and intervening food purchase and consumption variables are needed. Reporting a full range of studies, methods, and results is important as a premature focus on correlations may lead policy astray. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614774 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:51 +0100 5614774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614773&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008324%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: In the context of an epidemic of childhood and adolescent obesity in urban Vietnam, the decline in active commuting over the 5 years of this study highlights the need for development of urban physical environments favorable for active commuting and education campaigns to promote active commuting in adolescents. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614773 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:51 +0100 5614773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5614772&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008622%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Cybercycling older adults achieved better cognitive function than traditional exercisers, for the same effort, suggesting that simultaneous cognitive and physical exercise has greater potential for preventing cognitive decline. Trial registration: This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01167400. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5614772 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:05:51 +0100 5614772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518976&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008695%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518976 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:31 +0100 5518976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518975&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008683%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518975 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:31 +0100 5518975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518974&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008671%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518974 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:31 +0100 5518974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518973&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007409%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Consumers make hundreds of food-purchasing decisions each week. Front-of-package (FOP) nutrition rating systems are a potentially useful and cost-savings approach to help consumers make sense of the plethora of symbols, colors, and information they confront every day in grocery stores. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518973 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:31 +0100 5518973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518972&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007367%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Several studies convincingly suggest that obesity rates and all-cause related mortality are increasing. Dietary and lifestyle interventions such as weight loss and physical activity are effective to prevent obesity. In an elegant manuscript, Kraak et al. have evaluated the efforts made by the food industry to encourage a healthier food supply to American children and adolescents and thus prevent obesity. One of the criteria pointed out and evaluated by the authors was the development of the front-of-package (FOP) labeling for consumers to identify healthy products. Recently, Brownell and Koplan addressed important aspects of the FOP nutrition labeling models, the lack of a science-based system for the food industry, and their implications to combat obesity in the U.S., suggesting several n... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518972 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518971&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008300%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Kerr J, Duncan S, Schipperjin J. Using global positioning systems in health research: a practical approach to data collection and processing. Am J Prev Med 2011;41(5):532–40. There was an error in the spelling of Dr. Schipperijn's name on the cover and title page of this article. The correct reference is: (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518971 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518968&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711008051%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In the current issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Drs. Goode, Reeves, and Eakin provide a strong review of the rapidly growing literature on telephone-based intervention strategies for the modification of dietary and physical activity behavior. As noted by the authors, telephone-based interventions have demonstrated consistent success at producing changes in diet and physical activity, as evidenced primarily by efficacy studies where the interventions were evaluated under conditions controlled by the investigators. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518968 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518967&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007379%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes …Upon this gifted age, in its dark hour, Falls from the sky a meteoric shower Of facts … they live unquestioned, uncombined. Wisdom enough to leech us of our ill Is daily spun; but there exists no loom To weave it into fabric. —Edna St. Vincent Millay (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518967 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518966&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007355%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Editor's Note (November 4, 2011): Since this paper was accepted for publication, a U.S. District Court judge (on September 14, 2011) granted a preliminary injunction blocking the Florida law that the authors discuss, saying it violates Constitutional free speech protections. The state has said it would appeal the ruling. Since the Florida law passed, six other states—Alabama, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oklahoma and West Virginia—introduced similar bills that would bar physicians from asking about guns in the home. However, all of those bills died when those states' legislative sessions ended, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics spokesman. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518966 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518965&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007707%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article describes the authors' process of developing a taxonomy based on (1) reviews of academic literature, ethics codes, government regulations, and cases of wrongdoing; (2) consultation with experts in health law and healthcare ethics; and (3) application of the taxonomy to published cases of wrongdoing in medical research and practice. The resulting taxonomy includes 14 categories of wrongdoing in medical practice and 15 categories of wrongdoing in medical research. This taxonomy may be useful to oversight bodies, researchers who seek to understand and reduce the prevalence of wrongdoing in medicine, and librarians who index literature on wrongdoing. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518965 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518964&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007422%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Given the strength of evidence for telephone-delivered physical activity and dietary change interventions, greater emphasis on dissemination studies is warranted. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518964 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518963&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007343%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Although the proportion of state health department epidemiologists intending to retire or change careers during the next 5 years is lower than the estimate for the total state public health workforce, important recruitment and retention barriers for the employees exist. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518963 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518962&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007410%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Receipt of a reminder was positively associated with seasonal influenza vaccination. However, more than 40% of children assigned to receive a reminder were determined to have an invalid or undeliverable address, emphasizing the need for increased quality of IIS contact information. Trial registration: This study is registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01431183. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518962 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518961&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007276%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Despite the importance of family history as a risk factor for CRC and T2DM, its use in screening recommendations is inconsistent among guidelines from major organizations; however, differences do not appear large enough to prevent achieving consensus among the guidelines for each disease. More standardized recommendations for use of family history in CRC and T2DM screening guidelines could enhance their utility for prevention. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518961 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518960&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007380%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Blunt use is relatively common among male African Americans aged 19–30 years and is frequently associated with concomitant cigarette use. Tobacco control efforts in this male African-American population should also address blunt usage. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518960 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518959&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007306%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The ordinance appears to have positively influenced marketing of healthful menu items and toys as well as toy distribution practices at ordinance-affected restaurants, but did not affect the number of healthful food items offered. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518959 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518958&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007288%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The findings are consistent with the notion that program adherence may be enhanced if age similarity is maximized. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518958 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518957&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007331%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Vaccines to prevent certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) and associated cancers are recommended for routine use among young women. Nationally representative reports of vaccine uptake have not explored the relationship between HPV vaccine initiation and various sexual behaviors. Purpose: Explore sexual behavior and demographic correlates of HPV vaccine initiation from a nationally representative survey of adolescent and young adult women. Methods: In 2007–2008, a total of 1243 girls/women aged 15–24 years responded to questions about receiving HPV vaccine in the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). In 2010, demographic and sexual behavior correlates were evaluated in bivariate and multivariate analyses by age. Results: HPV vaccine initiation was higher amon... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518957 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518956&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007392%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level above 4 ng/mL has historically been recognized as an appropriate threshold to recommend biopsy; however the risk of high-grade disease observed among men with lower PSA levels in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial has led to calls to change the criteria for biopsy referral. Purpose: To aid providers when discussing aggressiveness of biopsy by cataloging available community biopsy patterns and determine whether lower PSA thresholds are being used to recommend biopsy. Methods: Laboratory and biopsy records were reviewed among 59,764 men in a large Washington State health plan between 1998 and 2007. Follow-up in the 12-month period after a test was categorized as biopsy, urology visit without biopsy, additional PSA testing with no uro... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518956 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518955&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS074937971100729X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The awareness of these tobacco products in this sample varied. Groups with a higher prevalence of smoking and tobacco use (e.g., men, people with low levels of education) may be a target audience for marketing and promotions. As availability of products change, continued surveillance is warranted in the U.S. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518955 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518954&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007719%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Fax referral programs quickly and economically can link smokers' visiting primary care clinics to state-based telephone quitlines. Yet, it is unclear how to optimize use of this strategy. Purpose: To evaluate the potential of enhanced academic detailing in clinics (i.e., on-site training, technical assistance, and performance feedback) to boost utilization of a fax referral program called Fax to Quit. Design: Participants were randomized to one of two intervention conditions. Setting/participants: Participants were drawn from 49 primary care clinics in southeastern Wisconsin. The sample size was based on a power analysis in which the control intervention condition was estimated to generate 0.5 referrals/clinic/month and the experimental condition 2.0 referrals/clinic/mon... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518954 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518953&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007434%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Research consistently demonstrates that physical activity declines with age. However, such declines do not occur linearly. The transition into early adulthood is one period in which disproportionate declines in physical activity have been evident, but much of our understanding of such declines among young adults has been based on either cross-sectional data or prospective studies that focus exclusively on college/university students. Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to use multilevel modeling to discern patterns of physical activity based on gender and educational trajectory among a nationally representative cohort of Canadian adolescents (N=640; ages at baseline, 12–15 years). Examinations of smoking and binge drinking also were conducted as a basis for compa... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518953 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518952&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS074937971100732X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Sedentary behavior is associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk. Purpose: To determine the associations between sedentary behavior and measures of adiposity-associated inflammation. Methods: Between 2002 and 2005, a total of 1543 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants completed detailed health history questionnaires, underwent physical measurements, and had blood assayed for adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF-α) and resistin. Analyses included linear regression completed in 2010. The mean age was 64.3 years and nearly 50% were female. Forty-one percent were non-Hispanic white, 24% Hispanic-American, 20% African-American, and 14% Chinese-American. Results: In linear regression analyses and with adjustment for age, gender, ethnici... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518952 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5518951&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007318%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Total self-reported weekday sitting time was associated with biomarkers linked to chronic low-grade inflammation and poor metabolic health in women, but not men, independent of physical activity. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5518951 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100 5518951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426390&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007823%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426390 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:42 +0100 5426390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426389&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007811%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426389 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:42 +0100 5426389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426388&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS074937971100780X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426388 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:42 +0100 5426388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426387&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007938%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426387 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:42 +0100 5426387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426386&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711007926%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426386 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:42 +0100 5426386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426385&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006027%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The following books were submitted to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine for review. Because these books may be of interest to our readers, a short synopsis is provided for each. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426385 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:42 +0100 5426385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426384&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006775%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Studies by Mills and colleagues and Cheng and colleagues in this issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine have added to the empirical foundation for secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) reduction through public policies and rules in private homes. Each study employed population-based samples to address questions concerning the beneficial and unintended effects of policies and social processes on home bans, suggesting external validity. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426384 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:42 +0100 5426384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426383&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006787%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In a 2008 edited volume titled Contested Boundaries of American Public Health, authors from numerous backgrounds deliberated over what the core focus of American public health should be after a century of shifting priorities from funding institutions, changes in health knowledge from fundamental biological discovery, and alterations in public and political mood. In a sense, Lee and Thacker in this issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine go through a similar exercise as they relate the conclusions of an expert working group convened to consider the role of public health surveillance in the context of an ever-proliferating technologic capacity for generating (and integrating) alternative data streams for “knowing about health.” (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicin... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426383 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:42 +0100 5426383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426382&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005940%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes It is well accepted that air pollution has a deleterious impact on personal and public health. Because control and reduction of air pollution are subject to federal regulation, physicians, as advocates for patients, must help educate the Congress on its critical role in preventing the health effects of air pollution. This is particularly important given that Congress is currently debating whether to dismantle existing laws that protect the air we breathe, especially the Clean Air Act [CAA], a cornerstone of environmental health law. First passed in 1963, the CAA authorizes the federal government to reduce airborne contaminants, smog, and air pollution in general. Responsibility for the CAA was given to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) after its establishment in 1970. Since it... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426382 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:41 +0100 5426382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426381&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006052%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: To date, there has been no study correlating the American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM) in-service exam (ISE) with the American Board of Preventive Medicine (ABPM) certification exam.Purpose: To validate the ACPM ISE as a predictor of success on the ABPM certification exam.Methods: ISE and ABPM certification exam scores were standardized by year using z-scores. The correlation between practicum year ISE scores and certification exam scores for military preventive medicine residencies in the National Capital and Washington State areas (core component only) was analyzed. A multivariable linear regression model included adjustments for age, gender, Master of Public Health grade point average (GPA), prior specialty board certification, and board deferral ≥1 year after gra... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426381 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:41 +0100 5426381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426380&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS074937971100674X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The past decade has brought substantial changes in how data related to a community's health are collected, stored, and used to inform decisions about health interventions. Despite these changes, the purpose of public health surveillance has remained constant for more than a century. Public health surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data with the a priori purpose of preventing or controlling disease or injury, or of identifying unusual events of public health importance, followed by the dissemination and use of information for public health action. Surveillance is an important and necessary contributor to knowledge of a community's health. The public health system is responsible for ensuring that public health surveill... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426380 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:41 +0100 5426380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426379&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006271%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Child maltreatment is associated with substantial medical costs in childhood and adulthood, but estimates vary widely because of differences in research designs, types of cost data, and study quality. Econometric estimates of the annual medical costs in adulthood range from zero to about $800. Per-episode estimates of child costs, based on mean comparisons, range from $0 to >$24,000. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426379 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:41 +0100 5426379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426378&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005976%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Vaccination coverage among adults aged 25–64 years with asthma was only 25.5% and varied widely by state and demographic characteristics. National and state-specific 2009 H1N1 vaccination coverage data for adults with asthma are useful for evaluating the vaccination campaign and for planning and implementing strategies for increasing vaccination coverage in possible future pandemics. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426378 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:41 +0100 5426378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426377&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005988%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Elementary schools are one potential venue for sun protection interventions that reduce childhood sun exposure.Purpose: To assess Year-2 results from a cluster randomized trial promoting hat use at schools.Design: Block randomization was used to assign intervention/control status to participating schools. Data were collected from 2006 to 2008 and analyzed in 2007–2010.Setting/participants: Of the 24 schools in the School District of Hillsborough County, Florida enrolled, 4th-graders were targeted in the first year and followed through their 5th-grade year.Intervention: Classroom sessions were conducted to improve sun protection knowledge, foster more positive attitudes about hat use, and change the subjective norm of wearing hats when at school.Main outcome measures: Year-2 o... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426377 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:41 +0100 5426377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426376&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006118%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Web-based interventions for weight control could promote more-widespread dissemination of weight-loss opportunities; however, they remain limited in effectiveness. Incorporating weight-control practices used by individuals with long-term weight-loss success (“positive deviants”) may improve the efficacy of web-based weight control interventions.Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of AchieveTogether, a web-based weight-loss intervention for adults based on user-generated weight-loss strategies from successful weight losers.Design: In 2009–2010, participants were randomized to either a 12-week web-based intervention, AchieveTogether, or a wait-list control condition.Setting/participants: 100 overweight or obese adults participated in the study.Intervention: AchieveTogether wa... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426376 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:41 +0100 5426376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426375&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS074937971100609X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Delivery of CPS can increase in small primary care practices that implement an EHR that includes comprehensive quality-improvement support. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426375 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:41 +0100 5426375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426374&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006064%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Daily physical activity for ≥60 minutes and limited computer use are associated with sufficient sleep among adolescents. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426374 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:41 +0100 5426374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426373&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006076%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Most women received blood pressure screening, but many did not receive cholesterol screening. Universal healthcare access may improve screening prevalence. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426373 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:41 +0100 5426373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426372&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006040%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: The meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) was recommended for those aged 11–18 years in 2005. Initial supply issues led to an emphasis on immunizing older adolescents. When supply improved in 2007, routine immunization was recommended for those aged 11–12 years.Purpose: Among a U.S. sample of pediatricians and family medicine physicians, describe (1) recommendation and administration practices for MCV4; (2) preferences regarding MCV4 administration; and (3) attitudes and characteristics associated with recommendation for those aged >12 years.Methods: A mail and Internet survey in a nationally representative sample of physicians was conducted between December 2009 and March 2010. Analysis was conducted between March 2010 and October 2010, including a multivariable analysis ... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426372 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:41 +0100 5426372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426371&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006039%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Serologic evidence for respiratory infections was common among the 2004–2007 OEF-deployed military, sometimes at a higher rate than the general U.S. population. Awareness of this risk and implementation of preventive measures should be emphasized by leadership prior to and during deployment. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426371 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:41 +0100 5426371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426370&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006544%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Strong clean indoor air laws are associated with large increases in voluntary smokefree-home policies both in the homes with and without smokers. These results support the hypothesis of norm spreading of clean indoor air laws. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426370 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:41 +0100 5426370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426369&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006763%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: As of 2006/2007, only half of U.S. households with both children and smokers had complete home smoking bans. Home bans were less common among smoking families with older children, in African-American households, and in Hispanic or non-Hispanic white households in states with high smoking prevalence. Interventions are needed to promote smokefree homes among these groups. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426369 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:41 +0100 5426369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426368&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006106%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Substantial policy and practice changes must occur if the recently released Healthy People 2020 targets are to be met. School-, community-, and state-level policies and programs may be effective tools to prevent injuries and victimizations. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426368 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 00:39:40 +0100 5426368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341471&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006921%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341471 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341470&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS074937971100691X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341470 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341469&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711006908%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341469 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341468&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005629%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The current obesity epidemic in the U.S. has led to decreased life expectancy, increased morbidity, loss of job productivity, and increased healthcare costs—with no end in sight. Although there is mounting evidence of efficacious strategies to promote regular physical activity, healthful eating, and sustained weight loss, surprisingly little is known about the generalizability and potential for widespread implementation of these through clinical or community organizations. Still there are examples of successful programs, such as the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) MOVE! weight management program for veterans, which was implemented in 153 VHA hospitals and 956 VHA outpatient clinics and, within 2 years, enrolled more than 100,000 patients. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medi... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341468 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341467&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005617%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In an invaluable update using a standard cost-of-illness approach, Bouchery et al. estimated the financial impact of excessive alcohol consumption in the U.S. for 2006, the most recent year for which data were available. The results ($223.5 billion or $746 per capita that year) are staggering and exceed the costs of the other leading preventable causes of death in the U.S., including cigarette smoking and physical inactivity. This is partly because excessive alcohol consumption involves many second-hand or external costs (i.e., costs that are incurred by those other than the consumers, sellers, or producers of alcohol) and because many alcohol-related outcomes begin at relatively young ages, which results in large future productivity losses and prolonged or recurrent expenditures related t... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341467 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341466&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005162%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Today, 34% of Americans have a BMI above 30. The dramatic rise in obesity has generated considerable concern because of the increased risk that excess weight poses for chronic diseases. The economic burden is substantial, with medical spending estimated to be 42% higher for someone who is obese and obesity-related healthcare costs estimated at $147 billion annually. Although smoking is the leading preventable cause of U.S. mortality, obesity causes greater morbidity, and some speculate that deaths due to poor diet and inactivity may exceed those from smoking. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341466 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341465&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005186%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The use of GPS devices in health research is increasingly popular. There are currently no best-practice guidelines for collecting, processing, and analyzing GPS data. The standardization of data collection and processing procedures will improve data quality, allow more-meaningful comparisons across studies and populations, and advance this field more rapidly. This paper aims to take researchers, who are considering using GPS devices in their research, through device-selection criteria, device settings, participant data collection, data cleaning, data processing, and integration of data into GIS. Recommendations are outlined for each stage of data collection and analysis and indicates challenges that should be considered. This paper highlights the benefits of collecting GPS data o... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341465 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341464&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005411%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Complex and dynamic societal factors continue to challenge the capacity of the social and behavioral sciences in preventive medicine and public health to overcome the most seemingly intractable health problems. This paper proposes a fundamental shift from a research approach that presumes to identify (from highly controlled trials) universally applicable interventions expected to be implemented “with fidelity” by practitioners, to an applied social and behavioral science approach similar to that of engineering. Such a shift would build on and complement the recent recommendations of the NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research and require reformulation of the research–practice dichotomy. It would also require disciplines now engaged in preventive medicine and pu... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341464 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341463&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005381%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: On a per capita basis, the economic impact of excessive alcohol consumption in the U.S. is approximately $746 per person, most of which is attributable to binge drinking. Evidence-based strategies for reducing excessive drinking should be widely implemented. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341463 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341462&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005460%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Context: The GPS represents an innovative way to objectively assess the spatial locations of physical activity behavior. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the capability of GPS to collect high-quality data on the location of activities in research on the relationship between physical activity and the environment.Evidence acquisition: Published and unpublished articles identified from seven electronic databases, reference lists, bibliographies, and websites up to March 2010 were systematically searched for, appraised, and analyzed in summer 2010. Included studies used GPS to measure the spatial locations of physical activity and some form of environmental analysis related to the GPS data. The capability of GPS was expressed in terms of data quality, which in turn was define... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341462 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341461&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005174%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined the physical activity and travel behaviors of individuals before and after they relocated to Atlantic Station, a mixed-use redevelopment community in metropolitan Atlanta.Methods: A survey study was conducted to compare the behaviors, experiences, and attitudes of Atlantic Station residents before and after moving to a mixed-use neighborhood. Data were collected in 2008 and 2009 and analyzed in 2010. Key dependent variables were self-reported physical activity and travel behaviors including walking for recreation and transport, automobile use, and use of public transportation.Results: Study participants included 101 adult residents of Atlantic Station, most of whom were female, young, and well educated. There were significant increases in walking for recreation or fitne... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341461 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341460&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005423%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: A population-based outreach offering free tobacco treatment to smokers in a health center was a feasible, cost-effective way to increase the reach of treatment (primarily NRT) and to increase short-term quit rates.Trial registration: This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01321944. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341460 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341459&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005150%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Men with disabilities are at a heightened risk for lifetime and current sexual violence victimization. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341459 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341458&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005204%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Although China is the most coveted cigarette market worldwide, few studies have examined the longitudinal effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on health.Purpose: To examine the relationship between exposure to ETS and respiratory health in Chinese schoolchildren.Methods: The study subjects included 1718 children, who were never-smokers, aged 10.05±0.86 years and asthma-free at baseline. The children performed spirometric tests in 2006 and 18 months later. Parents reported the children's respiratory symptoms and illnesses, ETS exposure, and other related information by self-administered survey at both assessment points. The data were analyzed in 2010.Results: Significant exposure–response relationships were found between ETS exposure and coughing at night (p for trend... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341458 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341457&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005198%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force advocates use of a 5A's framework (assess, advise, agree, assist, and arrange) for preventive health recommendations.Purpose: To describe 5A content of patient–physician colorectal cancer (CRC) screening discussions and physician-recommended screening modality and to test if these vary by whether patient previously received screening recommendation.Methods: Direct observation of periodic health examinations in 2007–2009 among average-risk primary care patients aged 50–80 years due for screening. Qualitative content analyses conducted 2008–2010 used to code office visit audio-recordings for 5A and other discussion content.Results: Among study-eligible visits (N=415), 59% contained assistance (i.e., help scheduling colonoscopy or de... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341457 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341456&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005459%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Findings indicate that perceived proximity to shops/stores and access to recreation facilities are important correlates of physical activity for women, irrespective of region or sprawl. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341456 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341455&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS074937971100537X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: This study suggests that for most services, obese individuals received as much if not more preventive health care as normal-weight individuals. Although these findings are reassuring, the evidence for disparities for cervical and breast cancer screening in obese women demonstrates that efforts to ensure more equitable service delivery are still needed. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341455 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341454&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005472%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The use of a standard curriculum delivered with a group care-delivery format is an essential feature of successful VHA facility MOVE! Weight Management Programs, but alone does not guarantee success. Program development and policy will be used to ensure dissemination of the best practices identified in this evaluation. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341454 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 16:00:32 +0100 5341454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279452&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005526%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279452 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279451&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005514%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279451 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279450&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005538%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279450 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279449&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004880%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Bansal-Travers et al. examined the impact of cigarette pack design and pictorial health warnings used by governments to communicate directly to consumers. In its comprehensive policy, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), which came into force in 2005, specifically called for the implementation of health warnings on tobacco packaging covering at least 30% (ideally 50% or more) of the display areas that may include pictures or pictograms. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279449 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279448&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004594%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Mode of measurement greatly influenced the consistency of associations between environmental attributes and youth physical activity. For both children and adolescents, the most consistent associations involved objectively measured environmental attributes and reported physical activity. The most supported correlates for children were walkability, traffic speed/volume, access/proximity to recreation facilities, land-use mix, and residential density. The most supported correlates for adolescents were land-use mix and residential density. These findings support several recommendations for policy and environmental change from such groups as the IOM and National Physical Activity Plan. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279448 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279447&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS074937971100451X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Including the temporal dimension in an analysis of healthy food access generates a more complex picture of urban food-desert locations. The implications are that spatiotemporal factors should be used to inform appropriate interventions for creating an equitable food environment. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279447 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279446&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004508%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: A restaurant menu-labeling regulation increased parents' nutrition information awareness but did not decrease calories purchased for either children or parents. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279446 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279445&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004491%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined effects of race/ethnicity, poverty, and year on completion of the three-dose HPV vaccine series among those who initiated vaccination.Methods: Data from the 2008–2009 National Immunization Survey-Teen for girls aged 13–17 years who received at least one dose of HPV vaccine (n=7606) were analyzed in 2010–2011 using logistic regression to adjust for covariates including measures of access to care.Results: During this 2-year period, 55% of adolescent girls who initiated vaccination completed the three-dose series. Completion was significantly higher in 2009 (60%) compared to 2008 (48%; p$75,000 (AOR=0.76, 95% CI=0.63, 0.92). There was no significant interaction between race/ethnicity and year (p=0.92). Although poverty was associated with lower completion rates in 20... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279445 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279444&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004636%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Individual telephone counseling for nonresponders to a national program for breast cancer screening was well accepted by participants and effective.Trial registration: This study is registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12611000645954. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279444 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279443&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004612%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Associations differed by age and definition of place, suggesting that the benefits of environmental intervention may not be uniform across the childhood age range. The study demonstrated the utility of using electronic patient information for large-scale, population-based epidemiologic research, a research area of growing interest and investment in the U.S. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279443 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279442&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS074937971100448X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Liability concerns are prevalent among this group of school administrators, particularly if they had been involved in prior litigation, and even if they indicated they were aware of laws that provide liability protection where use occurs after hours. Reducing these concerns will be important if schools are to become locations for recreational programs that promote physical activity outside of regular school hours. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279442 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279441&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004661%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: State and districts in Census divisions with the highest youth obesity prevalence are taking steps to restrict competitive foods in schools, but many have not targeted other policy domains as aggressively. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279441 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279440&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004600%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study used an ecologic model to evaluate the significance of neighborhood, home, and parental supports for physical activity on moderate-to-vigorous (MV) physical activity in underserved adolescents.Design: The study was a secondary data analysis of a randomized controlled school-based trial “Active by Choice Today” (ACT) for increasing physical activity in underserved sixth-graders. Schools were matched on school size, percentage minorities, percentage entitled to free or reduced-price lunch, and urban or rural setting prior to randomization. This study used a randomly selected sample of parents (n=280) from the intervention and control schools whose adolescent was enrolled in the larger trial.Setting/participants: A total of 679 6th-grade students (mean age=11.4 years, 70% Afric... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279440 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279439&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004478%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Family child care homes (FCCHs) provide child care to 1.9 million children in the U.S., but many do not meet established child care standards for healthy eating and physical activity.Purpose: To determine the effects of a community-based train-the-trainer intervention on FCCHs policies and practices related to healthy eating and physical activity.Design: Quasi-experimental design with replication in three independent cohorts of FCCHs.Setting/participants: Registered FCCHs from 15 counties across Kansas participated in the Healthy Kansas Kids (HKK) program. Resource and referral agencies (RRAs) in each county recruited and enrolled between five and 15 child care providers in their service delivery area to participate in the program. The number of registered FCCHs participating i... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279439 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279438&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004648%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Older adults have high obesity rates and respond well to evidence-based weight-loss programs, such as the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Lifestyle intervention. The goal of this study was to determine whether a translation of the DPP Lifestyle program delivered by lay health educators and conducted in senior centers is effective in promoting weight loss among older adults.Design: An RCT with older adults nested within senior centers. Senior centers identified lay health educators to receive training and deliver the intervention program at the senior center. Senior centers were randomized to DPP Lifestyle program or an attention control intervention (cognitive training).Setting/participants: Senior centers (N=15) located throughout Arkansas. Participants (N=228) were obese (B... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279438 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279437&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004582%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: There are cumulative benefits of physical activity across adulthood on physical performance in midlife. Increased activity should be promoted early in adulthood to ensure the maintenance of physical performance in later life. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279437 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279436&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS074937971100465X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Comprehensive lifestyle interventions are effective in preventing diabetes and restoring glucose regulation; however, the key stimulus for change has not been identified and effects in older individuals are not established. The aim of the study was to investigate the independent and combined effects of dietary weight loss and exercise on insulin sensitivity and restoration of normal fasting glucose in middle-aged and older women.Design: Four-arm RCT, conducted between 2005 and 2009 and data analyzed in 2010.Setting/participants: 439 inactive, overweight/obese postmenopausal women.Interventions: Women were assigned to: dietary weight loss (n=118); exercise (n=117); exercise+diet (n=117); or control (n=87). The diet intervention was a group-based reduced-calorie program with a 10... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279436 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279436 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279435&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004624%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Smoking menthol cigarettes is associated with decreased cessation at the population level, and this association is more pronounced among black and Puerto Rican smokers. These findings support the recent calls to ban menthol flavoring in cigarettes. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279435 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152656&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005010%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152656 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:40 +0100 5152656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152655&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711005009%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152655 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:40 +0100 5152655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152654&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004995%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152654 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:39 +0100 5152654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152653&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004077%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Katz et al. object to the use of the term “black box” in reference to the Overall Nutritional Quality Index (ONQI), a nutrient profiling tool. By definition, a black box approach is one in which the algorithm behind a tool is not fully disclosed. The source that Katz et al. refer to for additional details on the ONQI, a patent-pending algorithm, states that “due to the proprietary nature of the ONQI algorithm, some excerpts and details are omitted.” (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152653 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:39 +0100 5152653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152652&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004089%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We respectfully offer several comments in response to the study by Chiuve et al. and the accompanying editorials. First, we are gratified to see that scores generated by the ONQI algorithm, used in the NuValtm system (www.nuval.com), correlate significantly with health outcomes, including all-cause mortality. To our knowledge, this is the first time a nutritional profiling scoring system used to stratify individual foods on the basis of overall nutritional quality has met this standard. We note that the ONQI correlated with health outcomes despite (1) the study being limited to real-world diets, rather than diets designed to represent extremes of a range, with variation in the dependent variables bounded by limited variation in the independent variable; and (2) the ONQI scores being assig... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152652 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:39 +0100 5152652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152651&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004284%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes If the true measure of society's progress is the attention devoted to the condition of its children, the nation may need a better compass to right its course. Six years ago, the IOM's Committee on Food Marketing to Children and Youth found, in effect, when it comes to health as arguably the key component of the human condition, 21st-century American culture has not measured up well in tending to its children's futures. Where do we stand today? (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152651 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:39 +0100 5152651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152650&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004272%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In the review paper in this issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (the Task Force) looks at two different strategies by which servers of alcoholic beverages might be motivated to implement responsible beverage service (RBS) practices on their premises. Whether via the deterrent effect of exposure to large liability costs or more direct penalties of the law, these mechanisms are meant to achieve a reduction in intoxication and related harm through the intervention of a server who is expected to monitor the drinker's consumption and refuse service when and if the patron reaches a point of obvious intoxication. The other major strategy to achieve the same end, not covered in this review but in an earlier Task Force review, is the... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152650 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:39 +0100 5152650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152649&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003874%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Candy Lightner, responding to the senseless death of her daughter caused by a repeat drunk driving offender, organized Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) in 1980 to bring attention to the tragedies associated with alcohol-related motor-vehicle crashes. Her one-person crusade touched a nerve across the country and prompted a national grassroots movement that resulted in a sea change in social norms, public perceptions, and public policy regarding the problem. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152649 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:39 +0100 5152649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152648&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003862%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Prevention experts agree that strengthening and enforcing alcohol sales and service regulations is an effective strategy for reducing alcohol-related harms. Despite this, few states have taken comprehensive liquor-control measures as a means of injury prevention. The scientists behind the papers published in this issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine should be commended for reviewing recent study results to revitalize the discussion concerning the effectiveness of both dram shop liability and enhanced overservice law enforcement on excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. This commentary seeks to document the experience of enhanced overservice enforcement and policy reform efforts in the state of New Mexico, and to provide guidance for states contemplating similar ef... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152648 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:38 +0100 5152648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152647&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003503%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The Task Force on Community Preventive Services recommends the use of dram shop liability laws, on the basis of strong evidence of effectiveness in preventing and reducing alcohol-related harms. The Task Force found insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of overservice law enforcement initiatives as a means to reduce excessive alcohol consumption and related harms, because too few studies were identified and findings were inconsistent. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152647 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:38 +0100 5152647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152646&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711004247%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: According to Community Guide rules of evidence, the number and consistency of findings indicate strong evidence of the effectiveness of dram shop laws in reducing alcohol-related harms. It will be important to assess the possible effects of legal modifications to dram shop proceedings, such as the imposition of statutes of limitation, increased evidentiary requirements, and caps on recoverable amounts. According to Community Guide rules of evidence, evidence is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of enhanced enforcement of overservice laws for preventing excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152646 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:38 +0100 5152646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152645&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003898%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Diverse industry stakeholders have several untapped opportunities to advance progress by promoting IMC to support a healthful diet; substantially strengthening self-regulatory programs; supporting truthful and non-misleading product labeling and health claims; engaging in partnerships; and funding independent evaluations of collective efforts. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152645 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:38 +0100 5152645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152644&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003424%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Few physicians are aware of recommendations for postvaccination observation for syncope and even fewer adhere to them. Strategies to improve this should be developed and tested. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152644 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:37 +0100 5152644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152642&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003758%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Multifaceted promotion can increase adoption of stronger policies for reducing sun exposure of students by public school districts. Future research should explore how policies are implemented by schools. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152642 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:37 +0100 5152642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152641&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003886%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Internet-based alcohol misuse prevention programs are now used by many universities. One popular 2- to 3-hour online course known as AlcoholEdu for College is typically required for all incoming freshmen and thus constitutes a campus-level strategy to reduce student alcohol misuse.Purpose: Multi-campus study to evaluate the effectiveness of an Internet-based alcohol misuse prevention course.Design: RCT with 30 universities: 21 entered the study in Fall 2007, nine in Fall 2008. Fifteen were randomly assigned to receive the online course and the other 15 were assigned to the control condition. The course was implemented by intervention schools during the late summer and/or fall semester. Cross-sectional surveys of freshmen were conducted at each university, beginning prior to the... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152641 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:36 +0100 5152641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152640&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003436%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined trends in the number of cigarettes smoked per day among U.S. high school students during 1991–2009.Methods: Nationally representative data from the 1991–2009 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) were analyzed in 2010. The YRBS is a biennial, school-based survey representative of 9th- through 12th-grade students in the U.S. Each survey year, students completed anonymous, self-administered questionnaires that included identically worded questions about cigarette use. The number of cigarettes smoked per day on smoking days was categorized as light smoking ( (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152640 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:36 +0100 5152640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152639&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003527%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Brand appearances for most food industry companies, except for Coca-Cola, are relatively rare during prime-time programming with large youth audiences. Coca-Cola has pledged to refrain from advertising to children, yet the average child views almost four Coke appearances on prime-time TV every week. This analysis reveals a substantial, potential loophole in current food industry self-regulatory pledges to advertise only better-for-you foods to children. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152639 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:36 +0100 5152639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152638&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003400%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Higher levels of executive function and use of self-regulatory strategies at the start of an exercise program enhance beliefs in exercise capabilities, which in turn leads to greater adherence.Trial registration number: This study is registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00438347). (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152638 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:35 +0100 5152638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152637&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003412%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: A telephone-based intervention can help maintain exercise, prevent regression in motivational readiness for exercise, and improve physical functioning in this patient population.Trial registration number: This study is registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00230724). (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152637 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:33 +0100 5152637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152636&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003266%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Area-level SES is independently associated with myocardial infarction (MI) prognosis, yet the mechanisms for this association remain speculative.Purpose: Using a population-based cohort of MI patients, this study examined whether neighborhood SES predicts long-term trajectory of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), an established prognostic factor.Methods: Patients aged ≤65 years (n=1410) admitted to hospital in central Israel with first MI in 1992–1993, were followed up through 2005. LTPA was reported on five successive occasions: at baseline, 3–6 months, 1–2 years, 5 years, and 10–13 years post-MI. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) with ordinal outcome variable (LTPA classified as regular, irregular, or none) were used to determine the independent predictive... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152636 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:33 +0100 5152636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152634&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003278%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined associations among individual, park, and neighborhood environmental characteristics and children's and adolescent's park-based physical activity.Methods: Data were collected in 2007 on 2712 children in 20 randomly selected parks in Durham NC. The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) provided measures of physical activity. Hierarchic regression analysis assessed associations among individual, park, and neighborhood environmental characteristics and children's park-based physical activity. Data were analyzed in 2010.Results: Of the 2712 children observed, 34.2% and 13.2% were engaged in walking or vigorous physical activity. Environmental features of parks were associated with activity levels whereas neighborhood characteristics were not. Physi... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152634 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:32 +0100 5152634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152633&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003461%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The results of this analysis demonstrate that the use of regional climate and atmospheric chemistry models make possible the projection of local climate change health effects for specific age groups and specific disease outcomes, such as emergency department visits for asthma. Efforts should be made to improve on this type of modeling to inform local and wider-scale climate change mitigation and adaptation policy. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152633 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:32 +0100 5152633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152632&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003254%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The high prevalence of active travel in Germany shows that daily walking and cycling can help a large proportion of the population to meet recommended physical activity levels. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152632 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:28:32 +0100 5152632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046028&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003989%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046028 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:16 +0100 5046028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046027&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003965%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046027 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:16 +0100 5046027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046026&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003977%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046026 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:16 +0100 5046026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046025&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003473%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Ibrahim JK, Anderson ED, Burris SC, Wagenaar AC. State laws restricting driver use of mobile communications devices: distracted-driving provisions, 1992–2010. Am J Prev Med 2011;40(6):659–65. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046025 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:16 +0100 5046025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046023&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003230%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The evidence that intimate partner violence (IPV) affects physical heath on many different dimensions continues to mount. The study by Bhargava et al. in this issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, which offers a predictive model to help identify IPV in healthcare settings, clearly adds to this body of work. They found that almost half (28 of 58) of the diagnoses and telephone complaints that they examined were significantly more common in women with a history of recent IPV than in their matched controls. This creates a challenge in developing a predictive model for the purpose of selectively inquiring about IPV in a healthcare setting. A decision needs to be made about the relative importance of false positives and false negatives. If we agree that identifying IPV in health... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046023 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:16 +0100 5046023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046022&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS074937971100300X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Median sitting time varied widely across countries. Assessing sitting time is an important new area for preventive medicine, in addition to assessing physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Population surveys that monitor lifestyle behaviors should add measures of sitting time to physical activity surveillance. Moreover, the use of objective measures to capture the spectrum of sedentary (sitting) and physical activity behaviors is encouraged, particularly in low- and middle-income countries commencing new surveillance activities. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046022 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:16 +0100 5046022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046021&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003138%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Sedentary time (too much sitting) increasingly is being recognized as a distinct health risk behavior. This paper reviews the reliability and validity of self-reported and device-based sedentary time measures and provides recommendations for their use in population-based studies. The focus is on instruments that have been used in free-living, population-based research in adults. Data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey are utilized to compare the descriptive epidemiology of sedentary time that arises from the use of different sedentary time measures. A key recommendation from this review is that, wherever possible, population-based monitoring of sedentary time should incorporate both self-reported measures (to capture important domain- and behavi... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046021 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:16 +0100 5046021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046020&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003126%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: There is a growing body of evidence that sedentary behavior may be a distinct risk factor, independent of physical activity, for multiple adverse health outcomes in adults. Prospective studies using device-based measures are required to provide a clearer understanding of the impact of sedentary time on health outcomes. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046020 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:16 +0100 5046020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046019&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711002984%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: A growing body of evidence supports the development of public health recommendations to limit the time spent in screen-based behaviors. More research is needed to examine the prospective and experimental evidence of associations between overall sedentary time and health, determinants of sedentary behaviors other than screen-based behaviors, and interventions to reduce overall sedentary time or even alternative sedentary behaviors, such as transport- or education-related sitting time. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046019 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:15 +0100 5046019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046018&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711003229%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Research is now required on factors influencing adults' sedentary behaviors, and effective approaches to behavioral-change intervention must be identified. The strategies for influencing sedentary behavior will need to be informed by evidence on the most important modifiable behavioral determinants. However, much of the available evidence relevant to understanding the determinants of sedentary behaviors is from cross-sectional studies, which are limited in that they identify only behavioral “correlates.” As is the case for physical activity, a behavior- and context-specific approach is needed to understand the multiple determinants operating in the different settings within which these behaviors are most prevalent. To this end, an ecologic model of sedentary behaviors is desc... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046018 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:15 +0100 5046018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046017&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711002996%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The association drawn mainly from cross-sectional studies is that sedentary behavior, usually assessed as screen time and predominantly TV viewing, is associated with unhealthy dietary behaviors in children, adolescents, and adults. Interventions need to be developed that target reductions in sedentary time to test whether diet also changes. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046017 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:15 +0100 5046017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046016&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711002662%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Sedentary time (too much sitting, as distinct from lack of exercise) is a prevalent risk to health among older adults.Purpose: Examine the feasibility of an intervention to reduce and break up sedentary time in older adults.Design: A pre-experimental (pre–post) study.Setting/participants: A total of 59 participants aged ≥60 years from Brisbane, Australia. Data were collected between May and December 2009 and analyzed in 2010.Intervention: One face-to-face goal-setting consultation and one individually tailored mailing providing feedback on accelerometer-derived sedentary time, grounded in social cognitive theory and behavioral choice theory.Main outcome measures: Program reach and retention; changes in accelerometer-derived sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity ... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046016 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:15 +0100 5046016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046015&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711002650%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The savings in productivity loss from strategies to reduce CRC incidence and mortality are substantial, providing evidence that CRC prevention and control strategies are likely to be cost-saving. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046015 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:14 +0100 5046015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046014&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711002972%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Smoking in movies is prevalent. However, use of content analysis to describe trends in smoking in movies has provided mixed results and has not tapped what adolescents actually perceive.Purpose: To assess the prospective trends in the prevalence of smoking in movies as perceived by teenagers and identify predictors associated with these trends.Methods: Using data from the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort Study collected during 2000–2006 when participants were aged between 12 and 18 years (N=4735), latent variable growth models were employed to describe the longitudinal trends in the perceived prevalence of smoking in movies using a four-level scale (never to most of the time) measured every 6 months, and examined associations between these trends and demographic, smoking... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046014 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:14 +0100 5046014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046013&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711002960%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Successful weight loss and weight-loss maintenance may require two different sets of practices. Designing interventions with this premise may inform the design of more effective weight-loss maintenance interventions. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046013 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:13 +0100 5046013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046012&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711002649%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined the effects of qi-gong on diabetes control and identified the predictors and mediators of these effects.Design: RCT.Setting/participants: The study included forty-one participants (16 men and 25 women; aged 41–71 years) with elevated blood glucose levels.Interventions: Participants were randomized to qi-gong intervention or a usual medical care control group. Physical and hematologic measures were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks.Main outcome measures: The outcomes were indicators of diabetes control (HbA1c, insulin resistance, fasting blood glucose and insulin, and 2-hour blood glucose and insulin) and potential mediators of these (body weight, waist circumference, and leg strength). Data were collected in 2006 and analyzed in 2007 to 2009.Results: Linear regr... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046012 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:13 +0100 5046012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046011&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711002637%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: There have been sharp increases in driving children to school since 1969 and corresponding decreases in walking to school. This increase is particularly evident in the number of vehicle trips generated by parents dropping children at school and teens driving themselves. The NHTS survey provides a unique opportunity to monitor these trends in the future. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046011 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:13 +0100 5046011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046010&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711002625%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Background: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and other chronic diseases that are increasingly prevalent in the U.S. and worldwide. Time at work represents a major portion of the day for employed people.Purpose: To determine how employment status (full-time, part-time, or not employed) and job type (active or sedentary) are related to daily physical activity levels in American adults.Methods: Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were collected in 2003–2004 and analyzed in 2010. Physical activity was measured using Actigraph uniaxial accelerometers, and participants aged 20–60 years with ≥4 days of monitoring were included (N=1826). Accelerometer variables included mean counts/minu... American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046010 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:12 +0100 5046010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046009&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711002613%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Diagnosed IPV was associated with a clinical profile based on both telephone call data and clinical diagnoses. The simple predictive model can prompt focused clinical inquiry and improve diagnosis of IPV in any clinical setting. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046009 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:12 +0100 5046009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046008&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711002601%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: No major safety problems following H1N1 or seasonal influenza vaccines were detected in the 2009–2010 season in weekly sequential analyses. Seasonality likely contributed to the Bell's palsy signal following MIV. Prospective safety monitoring followed by rigorous signal refinement is critical to inform decision-making by regulatory and public health agencies. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046008 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:58:12 +0100 5046008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4943126&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711002868%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4943126 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 03:05:18 +0100 4943126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4943125&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711002856%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4943125 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 03:05:17 +0100 4943125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4943124&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711002844%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4943124 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 03:05:17 +0100 4943124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4943123&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0749379711001991%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Drs. Guinhouya, Hubert, and Zitouni raise an important question for the field of accelerometry in their letter: Which is the best cut point to estimate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using the ActiGraph accelerometer in youth? (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4943123 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 03:05:17 +0100 4943123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4943122&cid=s_34506_46_f&fid=34506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajpmonline.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS074937971100198X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Physical activity is recognized as a key health component. Thus, it is currently recommended that youth engage in a minimum of 60 minutes/day of an activity that is of moderate intensity or, ideally, a moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). In order to quantify accurately the physical activity level of youth, and for a fair examination of the relationships between physical activity and health outcomes, devices such as the MTI Actigraph accelerometer are used increasingly among this population. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine) American Journal of Preventive Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4943122 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 03:05:17 +0100 4943122