MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'American Journal of Reproductive Immunology' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 06:42:44 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5646577&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2012.01105.x ConclusionsPeripheral blood NK cell activity is significantly higher in women with RIF than in fertile controls. Future trials of immune therapy in women undergoing IVF should target those with high NK activity. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5646577 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 11:09:23 +0100 5646577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5596653&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2012.01104.x ConclusionIncreased levels of TNFα and decreased levels of receptors in miscarriage villous tissue confirm an excessive placental inflammation in miscarriage patients. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5596653 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 11:09:30 +0100 5596653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5580460&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01099.x ConclusionInduction of COX‐2 expression and activity and the consequent increased levels of prostaglandins are common inflammatory pathways in human cervicovaginal epithelial cells and tissues in response to diverse TLR ligands and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. These findings are relevant to the understanding of genital mucosal inflammation, its potential treatment, and its possible relationship with increased tissue susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5580460 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 11:09:30 +0100 5580460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5580461&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01103.x ConclusionThe COV434 human granulosa cell line expresses TLRs and constitutively secretes IL‐8 but only mounts an inflammatory response to PAMPs at the transcriptional level. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5580461 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5580461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5580464&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01097.x ConclusionAcupuncture could improve the poor receptive state of endometrium by promoting LIF and IL‐12 secretion to improve blastocyst implantation. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5580464 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5580464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5580463&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01101.x ConclusionLXA4 may inhibit the progression of endometriosis possibly by anti‐inflammation and anti‐angiogenesis. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5580463 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5580463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5580462&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01102.x ConclusionSerum sTREM‐1 could represent a prognostic marker for female fecundity, probably indicating impaired inflammatory reaction of immune system. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5580462 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5580462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5571715&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01100.x ConclusionsGonadotropin surge leads to transient CCL11/CCR3 axis upregulation in the ovarian theca‐interstitial layer, suggesting that it is involved in periovulatory physiological processes by affecting follicular vessels. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5571715 Sun, 08 Jan 2012 11:09:27 +0100 5571715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5571716&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01098.x ConclusionThis deceased expression of Atp6v0a2 in the various immune cell populations of the spleen and blood suggests that the maternal environment is not supportive to fetus and leads to poor pregnancy outcome in the abortion‐prone mating model. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5571716 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5571716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504092&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01095.x Conclusion  We have developed an in vitro model of uterine implantation. The manipulation of this system allows for dual color monitoring of the cells over time. Additionally, specific compounds can be added to the culture media to test how this may affect implantation and invasion. This model is a helpful tool in understanding the complexity of human implantation. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504092 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 23:42:13 +0100 5504092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5486150&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01093.x Conclusions  Neutrophils were the predominant leukocytes and were associated with VC and inversely with BV. CD4+ T lymphocytes were associated with both VC and BV. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5486150 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5486150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5468194&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01096.x Conclusions  We observed that animals lacking HO‐1 produced significantly less oocytes after hormonal stimulation than wild type animals and this was mirrored by the number of corpora lutea in the ovary. Furthermore, ovulated oocytes from Hmox1−/− animals were poorly fertilized compared with those from wild‐type animals. In conclusion, we demonstrate here that HO‐1 plays a pivotal role in the process of oocyte ovulation as well as fertilization, bringing to light a new and unsuspected role for HO‐1. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5468194 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5468194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5456540&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01094.x Conclusion  Our preliminary results suggest that vaginal progesterone might prevent spontaneous preterm labor through a mechanism involving anti‐inflammatory effects on UCFs, particularly suppression of IL‐6 production. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5456540 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 23:42:04 +0100 5456540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5440034&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01092.x Conclusion We concluded that both homozygous and heterozygous mutations of MTHFR C677T were related with RPL in Caucasian women. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5440034 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 23:42:19 +0100 5440034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5406333&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01088.x Conclusion  The findings of this study strongly suggest an increase in systemic T‐lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity in pregnant women with chronic chorioamnionitis as a manifestation of maternal antifetal rejection. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5406333 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 00:55:44 +0100 5406333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5399765&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01078.x (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5399765 Sat, 12 Nov 2011 23:43:19 +0100 5399765 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5399764&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01091.x (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5399764 Sat, 12 Nov 2011 23:43:01 +0100 5399764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5399759&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01090.x Conclusions  Women with GDM have significantly lower adiponectin levels in the third trimester, regardless of BMI. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5399759 Sat, 12 Nov 2011 23:42:12 +0100 5399759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5399760&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01089.x Conclusion  Our data suggest that SCFAs, especially when combined with specific TLR ligands, contribute to a pro‐inflammatory milieu in the lower genital tract and help further our understanding of how BV affects susceptibility to microbial infections. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5399760 Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5399760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5399761&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01086.x Conclusion  The results suggest that preeclampsia sera may increase the protein production of sEng and mRNA expression of Eng from JEG‐3 cells like trophoblast without hypoxia and that in addition to hypoxia, preeclampsia sera may play a role of high level of serum sEng in preeclampsia patients. Decreased HO‐1 activity may relate to increased sEng release. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5399761 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5399761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5358531&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01082.x Conclusion  Paternal lymphocyte immunization does not affect the results of SRY fragment investigation in the plasma of women submitted to paternal lymphocyte immunization therapy. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5358531 Sun, 30 Oct 2011 22:42:10 +0100 5358531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5399763&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01085.x Conclusions  We concluded that in two‐way compatible pregnancies, the maternal immune system fails to reject the fetal membranes, and the fetal immune system does not mount an immune response against maternal MHC class I antigens that could influence the immune‐mediated rejection of the fetal membranes by the maternal immune system. The lack of immune‐mediated rejection of the fetal membranes by the maternal immune system increases the risk of occurrence of RP. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5399763 Sun, 30 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5399763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5399762&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01087.x Conclusion  Melatonin at 200 mg/kg/day has an immunosuppresent effect and produce prolongation of graft survival. However, the associated reduction in healthy follicles suggests that melatonin in doses of higher than 20 mg/kg/day has no preventative ischemic action. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5399762 Sun, 30 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5399762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5346518&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01084.x Conclusion  Maternal serum IL‐6 levels were significantly elevated in subjects with PPROM with infectious morbidity as compared to those without infectious morbidity in the present study. There was a significant rise in maternal serum IL‐6 levels with increased duration of rupture of membranes and with evidence of histological chorioamnionitis and funisitis in the placenta. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5346518 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 22:47:59 +0100 5346518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5346520&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01080.x Conclusions  The upregulation of VEGFC secretion mainly depends on CYR61 binding with integrin αvβ3 on the surface of dNK cells. PI3K/AKT, rather than the ERK/MAPK signal, is involved in the regulation. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5346520 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5346520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5346519&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01083.x Citation Mason KL, Aronoff DM. Postpartum group A Streptococcus sepsis and maternal immunology. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is an historically important agent of puerperal infections and sepsis. The inception of hand‐washing and improved hospital hygiene drastically reduced the incidence of puerperal sepsis, but recently the incidence and severity of postpartum GAS infections has been rising for uncertain reasons. Several epidemiological, host, and microbial factors contribute to the risk for GAS infection and mortality in postpartum women. These include the mode of delivery (vaginal versus cesarean section), the location where labor and delivery occurred, exposure to GAS carriers, the altered immune status associated with pregnancy, the genetic background of the ... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5346519 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5346519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334707&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01081.x Conclusion  The findings indicate associations in preterm delivery between negative emotions and both maternal and neonate immune activity. Future studies should investigate whether such associations are part of the etiology of preterm delivery. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334707 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 22:42:09 +0100 5334707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334708&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01077.x Conclusion  Polymorphisms of dioxin receptor complex components and detoxification‐related genes jointly confer susceptibility to advanced‐stage endometriosis in the Taiwanese Han population. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334708 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334709&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01079.x Conclusions  Microparticles from preeclamptic patients activate endothelial cells in the presence of monocytes. Whether all MP have the same effect on monocytes and endothelial cells or only a specific subgroup is the focus of future research. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334709 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5323420&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01076.x Conclusion  Of the six SNPs related to immune function in this study, a functional variant in the 3′UTR of the CRP gene was shown to be associated with severe PE in an American Indian population. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5323420 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 22:42:12 +0100 5323420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5323421&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01075.x Conclusion  VEGF‐C production by trophoblasts is regulated by soluble factors secreted by dNK through p38 and JAK‐STAT1 pathways. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5323421 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5323421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313590&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01073.x Conclusion  Decreased kisspeptin expression in trophoblasts is associated with RPL and kisspeptin may engage the regulation of decidual NK cell infiltration. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313590 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 22:42:09 +0100 5313590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313591&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01072.x Conclusion  Normal pregnancy is accompanied by endothelial and platelet cell activation. Endothelial cell activation has been shown in PE but not in isolated FGR. In PE, aPL may contribute to endothelial and possibly to leukocyte cell activation. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313591 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313592&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01074.x Conclusion Human AF activin‐A and inhibin‐A are involved in biological processes linked to intra‐amniotic infection/inflammation‐induced preterm birth. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313592 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5284662&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01071.x Conclusion  Our study suggests that APOE may not be associated with spontaneous abortions in Caucasians. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5284662 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5284662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5259763&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01070.x Conclusion  We describe the use of near‐infrared nanoparticle probes for in vivo imaging of metastatic ovarian cancer models. Visualization of multiple sites around the animals was enhanced with the use of the Carestream Multimodal Animal Rotation System. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5259763 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 22:42:08 +0100 5259763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5259764&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01066.x Conclusion  Positive maternal HLA PRA before 16 weeks of gestation and the temporal evolution of maternal HLA PRA are associated with the presence of chronic chorioamnionitis at the time of delivery. Maternal IgG HLA PRA has the potential to be a monitoring tool of anti‐fetal rejection. Furthermore, the findings herein indicate that subsets of fetuses are exposed to alloimmune HLA antibodies for months, especially in cases with chronic chorioamnionitis. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5259764 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5259764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5249926&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01069.x Citation Soleymaninejadian E, Pramanik K, Samadian E. Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells: cytokines and factors. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are defined as undifferentiated cells that are capable of self renewal and differentiation into several cell types such as chondrocyte, adipocyte, osteocyte, myocyte, hepatocyte, and neuron‐like cells. MSC can be isolated from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, placenta, periosteum, trabecular bone, synovium, skeletal muscle, and deciduous teeth. Immunomodulatory of MSCs is one of the important issues nowadays, because this aspect can be clinically applied for graft‐versus‐host and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we tried to discuss in detail about cytokines and factors such as me... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5249926 Sun, 25 Sep 2011 06:45:07 +0100 5249926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5236371&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01065.x Conclusion  TheTreg/Th17 imbalance exists in the pregnant mice infected with T. gondii, which is associated with the expression of related cytokine and key transcription factors. This result suggests that the embryo loss caused by this parasite may be associated with a reduced ratio of Treg to Th17 cell number. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5236371 Wed, 21 Sep 2011 15:30:48 +0100 5236371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5224007&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01068.x Conclusion  We demonstrate that each ovarian cancer cell subpopulation can induce a unique phenotype of macrophages and T cells, both associated with tumor‐supportive function. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5224007 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 06:32:19 +0100 5224007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207250&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01062.x (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207250 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 16:28:00 +0100 5207250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207249&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01067.x Conclusions VEGF genes −2578CA+AA/−634CC and −1154GA+AA/−634CC in the fetus are possible risk factors for spontaneous abortion. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207249 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 16:27:15 +0100 5207249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5175232&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01061.x (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5175232 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 12:07:36 +0100 5175232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5175233&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01060.x Conclusion  Resistance to apoptosis may be induced in DC by the EC. This suggests that EC may participate in the inhibition of IFN‐γ‐dependent apoptosis and, therefore, play important role for DC survival in a cytokine‐enriched placental environment. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5175233 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5175233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5160546&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01064.x Conclusions Chlamydia trachomatis stimulates innate immune cells by activation of TLR2/TLR 4. Overall data indicate that recognition by TLR4 helps in initiation of immune response while recognition by TLR2 leads to secretion of inflammatory cytokines while iNOS‐induced nitric oxide production helps in clearing Chlamydia. These results are first to provide initial insights into how innate immune response operates in human cervical monocytes upon chlamydial infection. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5160546 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 12:07:48 +0100 5160546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5160547&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01063.x ConclusionHGF secretion is uniquely regulated in the uterus, but not in ecto‐ and endo‐cervix, by estradiol. Moreover, potential viral pathogens further induce HGF. These findings have potential applications in understanding both hormonal regulation of normal tissue as well as the role of HGF in tumorogenesis, endometriosis, and human immunodeficiency virus infection. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5160547 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5160547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5119405&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01056.x Conclusion  We demonstrate that trophoblast cells have an active role on the recruitment and differentiation of iTregs, therefore, contributing to the process of immune regulation at the placental–maternal interface. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5119405 Fri, 12 Aug 2011 13:54:03 +0100 5119405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5119406&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01057.x Conclusion  Increased Th1 cytokine levels during early pregnancy might contribute to an increased risk of islet autoimmunity, type 1 diabetes, or both in the offspring. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5119406 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5119406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5095943&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01059.x Conclusion  The results showed that IL‐6 may be an early low‐grade chronic inflammatory marker among PCOS patients with IRS‐2 polymorphism in Taiwanese population. This pharmacologic study in IRS‐2 polymorphism may provide more information for preventing long‐term complications in PCOS. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5095943 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5095943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052046&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01058.x Conclusion  ACA‐positive patients had significantly decreased IVF rate, pregnancy rate and implantation rate and high risk of abortion. Therefore, ACA positivity predicts poor outcome of IVF‐ET, and pre‐treatment to lower ACA level may be clinically beneficial for patients receiving IVF‐ET. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052046 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 13:52:56 +0100 5052046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5029668&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01054.x ConclusionsStimulation with G. vaginalis induced a tissue‐specific secretion profile of 1L‐1β, IL‐6, and HBD 1‐3 in the chorioamniotic membranes. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5029668 Sat, 16 Jul 2011 13:52:57 +0100 5029668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5019703&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01055.x Conclusion  DIF protects ECs from ouabain‐induced barrier injury, providing evidence of beneficial effects of DIF on EC function and supporting that Na+/K+ATPase might be a therapeutic target to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5019703 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 13:52:42 +0100 5019703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5019706&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01041.x Conclusion  Higher cervical IEL numbers are associated with spontaneous regression of CIN. Accumulation of cervical integrin αEβ7+ IEL may be necessary for local adaptive effector functions. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5019706 Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5019706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5019705&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01051.x Conclusions  Chronic endometritis is a common gynecological pathological condition and more often asymptomatic than ever expected. There was no menstrual cycle‐dependent fluctuation in its occurrence. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5019705 Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5019705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5019704&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01052.x Citation: Ghazeeri G, Abdullah L, Abbas O. Immunological differences in women compared with men: overview and contributing factors. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011Gender differences in the innate and adaptive immune systems have long been observed in humans. These immunological differences in immune function manifest as diverse susceptibilities to different types of infections and varied risks of developing autoimmune disorders and maybe even, cancers. Several factors contribute to the development of this immunological dimorphism including sex hormones, genetic makeup, environmental causes, and more recently microchimerism. Although the aim behind this sexual immune dimorphism is still unclear, it is tempting to believe that the higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases in women somehow serve... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5019704 Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5019704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009212&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01053.x (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009212 Sat, 09 Jul 2011 13:53:13 +0100 5009212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4953880&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01030.x Conclusion  These data provide an experimental basis for the development of effective contraceptive vaccine based on new epididymal target. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4953880 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 13:53:31 +0100 4953880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4946024&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01032.x Conclusion  Selective AF stimulation of LPS‐mediated MCP‐1 and IL‐10 release may be a mechanism to promote antibody production and the influx of phagocytic cells to engulf pathogens while downregulating the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4946024 Mon, 20 Jun 2011 13:53:43 +0100 4946024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4946027&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01028.x Conclusions  β2GP1‐dependent IL12 release from CD1d‐bearing trophoblast in the presence of aPL may link the antiphospholipid syndrome to pregnancy loss via an inflammatory mechanism. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4946027 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4946027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4946026&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01029.x Conclusion  We demonstrated decidual cells with haematopoietic progenitor cell phenotype in human decidua. Increased levels of NK progenitors in the decidua of women with early spontaneous abortion suggest a dysregulation of this pathway that may contribute to pregnancy failure. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4946026 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4946026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4946025&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01031.x Conclusion  Anti‐PT antibodies appear to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, irrespectively of aPL. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4946025 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4946025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4935707&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00999.x (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4935707 Sat, 18 Jun 2011 13:53:05 +0100 4935707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4935706&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01026.x (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4935706 Sat, 18 Jun 2011 13:53:04 +0100 4935706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877272&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01024.x Conclusion  It would seem that the alteration in the Treg cell subpopulation could be a key factor in determining the status of the tumour microenvironment. Most likely, it could provide information about whether the proper level of anti‐cancer immune response could be restored. The possibility of restoring the immune response may directly correspond to the degree of radicalism of the surgical intervention. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877272 Mon, 30 May 2011 13:52:34 +0100 4877272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877278&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01017.x Conclusion  Syndecan‐1 is up‐regulated in BeWo cells during differentiation and its silencing inhibits syncytialization and thus could be a useful biomarker for syncytiotrophoblast formation. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877278 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4877278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877277&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01018.x Conclusion  In subfertile women with preconception Th1:Th2 and/or % CD56+ cell elevation, IVF success rates are low without IVIG therapy but significantly improve with IVIG therapy. In patients with normal Th1:Th2 and normal CD56+ cell levels, IVF success rates were not further improved with IVIG therapy. IVIG may be a useful treatment option for patients with previous IVF failure and preconception Th1:Th2 and/or NK elevation. Preconception immune testing may be a critical tool for determining which patients will benefit from IVIG therapy. Prospective controlled studies (preferably double‐blind, stratified, and randomized) are needed for confirmation. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877277 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4877277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877276&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01020.x Conclusions  The significant correlation observed between serum effects and clinical profile suggests a putative involvement of tTG‐specific antibodies in gynecological and/or obstetric disorders during active CD. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877276 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4877276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877275&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01019.x Conclusion  Our results highlight the inflammatory origin of PE and reinforce the possible role of hCG in the complex aetiology of its pathogenesis. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877275 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4877275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877274&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01021.x Conclusions  Antithyroid autoantibodies, particularly TG‐Ab, are associated with RM and could be an expression of a more general maternal immune system abnormality leading to RM. ATA could have a role in RM irrespective of thyroid hormone status. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877274 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4877274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877273&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01023.x Conclusion  Discriminating protein patterns were elucidated and may serve as a foundation from which to understand the biologic mechanisms underlying these pregnancy complications. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877273 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4877273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4872820&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01022.x Conclusion  In Korean women, the common UTS‐II 143 G/A polymorphism is unlikely to have an association with the risk of preeclampsia. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4872820 Sat, 28 May 2011 13:54:22 +0100 4872820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4872826&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01009.x Conclusion  The TC haplotype allele of TGFB1−509C/T and 868T/C polymorphisms may be associated with early‐stage endometriosis in Korean women. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4872826 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4872826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4872825&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01008.x Conclusions  Mice with passive immunization of aPE (or anti‐LDC27) and aFXII (or anti‐IPP30) produced a slight increase in fetal resorption, but markedly induced thrombosis and hemorrhage in the placenta associated with lower platelet counts and increased placental apoptosis. In addition, fewer mitotic cells, less trophoblast giant cell invasion, and more shrunken cells in the deciduas were seen. Our study supports the pathogenic role of aPE and aFXII in pregnancy complications and also suggests a beneficial role of LDC27 and IPP30 antigens on pregnancy failures. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4872825 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4872825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4872824&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01010.x Conclusions  The use of FTY720 along with Ag administration may represent a useful therapeutic strategy to selectively expand Ag‐specific Foxp3+ Tregs to intervene autoimmune and infectious diseases. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4872824 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4872824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4872823&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01011.x Conclusion  The MIF‐173G/C polymorphism is associated with PCOS in Chinese Han women and may contribute to the phenotypic expression of PCOS. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4872823 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4872823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4872822&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01015.x Conclusion  Abundant expression of GNLY in the decidual immunocompetent cells and the capacity of decidual CD56+ cells to spontaneously secrete high quantities of GNLY point to important protective and immunomodulatory role that this molecule could play at the maternal–fetal interface. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4872822 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4872822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4872821&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01016.x Conclusions  Elevated serum uric acid levels are correlated with higher O2− and TNF‐α production by monocytes in women with PE. This may contribute to the enhanced oxidative and inflammatory state characteristic of this disorder. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4872821 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4872821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4789942&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01007.x Conclusion  This study demonstrates that aPL perturb the secretion of trophoblast angiogenic factors. LMWH does not reverse this effect but exacerbates sFlt‐1 secretion, a potent anti‐angiogenic factor. These findings may help to explain why women with antiphospholipid syndrome, who are treated with heparin to prevent early pregnancy loss, remain at increased risk of developing late obstetrical complications, such as pre‐eclampsia. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4789942 Fri, 06 May 2011 13:52:35 +0100 4789942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4789943&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01006.x Conclusion  Hofbauer cells were isolated from term placenta with high yield and purity using protocols in which CTs and FIBs were also obtained. This methodology will foster future studies that examine the role of HBCs in regulating villus function. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4789943 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4789943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4725085&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00994.x Conclusion  Preconception TNF‐α inhibitor does not appear to increase the birth defect rate in women undergoing IVF. A larger, clinical trial with blinded delivery assessment is needed to confirm these safety conclusions. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4725085 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 13:53:07 +0100 4725085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4725089&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01002.x Citation Talwar GP, Gupta JC, Shankar NV. Immunological approaches against human chorionic gonadotropin for control of fertility and therapy of advanced‐stage cancers expressing hCG/subunits. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011The year 2011 marks the 84th year of the discovery of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by Ascheim and Zondek. Originally considered and employed as a reliable diagnostic index for pregnancy, the multiple roles of hCG as an initiator and sustainer of pregnancy are now recognized. Besides pregnancy, the expression of hCG or its subunits is observed in a number of cancers of diverse type, in particular at advanced stage. Cancers expressing hCG/subunits have poor prognosis and adverse survival. Thus, immunological approaches against hCG have applications for control of fertilit... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4725089 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4725089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4725088&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01003.x Citation Kirkpatrick JF, Lyda RO, Frank KM. Contraceptive vaccines for wildlife: a review. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011Wildlife, free‐ranging and captive, poses and causes serious population problems not unlike those encountered with human overpopulation. Traditional lethal control programs, however, are not always legal, wise, safe, or publicly acceptable; thus, alternative approaches are necessary. Immunocontraception of free‐ranging wildlife has reached the management level, with success across a large variety of species. Thus far, the immunocontraceptive research and management applications emphasis have been centered on porcine zona pellucida and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone vaccines. Contraceptive success has been achieved in more than 85 different wildlife species, at the level ... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4725088 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4725088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4725087&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01004.x Citation Gupta SK, Srinivasan VA, Suman P, Rajan S, Nagendrakumar SB, Gupta N, Shrestha A, Joshi P, Panda AK. Contraceptive vaccines based on the zona pellucida glycoproteins for dogs and other wildlife population management. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011Zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins, by virtue of their critical role in fertilization, have been proposed as candidate antigens for the development of contraceptive vaccines. In this review, the potential of a ZP‐based contraceptive vaccine for the management of wildlife population, with special reference to street dogs, is discussed. Immunization of various animal species, including female dogs, with native porcine ZP led to inhibition of fertility, which was associated with the ovarian dysfunction. Immunization of female dogs with Escherichi... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4725087 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4725087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4725086&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01005.x Citation Levy JK. Contraceptive vaccines for the humane control of community cat populations. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011Free‐roaming unowned stray and feral cats exist throughout the world, creating concerns regarding their welfare as well as their impact on the environment and on public health. Millions of healthy cats are culled each year in an attempt to control their numbers. Surgical sterilization followed by return to the environment is an effective non‐lethal population control method but is limited in scope because of expense and logistical impediments. Immunocontraception has the potential to be a more practical and cost‐effective method of control. This is a review of current research in immunocontraception in domestic cats. Functional characteristics of an ideal immunocontra... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4725086 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4725086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4697723&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00998.x Conclusions  Five percent‐ O2 incubation more accurately represents in vivo pO2 conditions at the maternal–fetal interface. Routine culture of placental explants in room air produces a superphysiologic oxygen tension that tended to increase the production of anti‐inflammatory and decrease the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In addition, low pO2 may reduce responsiveness of the placenta to the anti‐inflammatory actions of IL‐10. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4697723 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 13:52:54 +0100 4697723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4697726&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01000.x Citation Naz RK. Antisperm contraceptive vaccines: where we are and where we are going? Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 00: 00–00This is a review of current status and future perspectives on the development of antisperm contraceptive vaccines (CV) and immunocontraceptives. The development of antisperm CV is an exciting proposition. There is a strong rationale and recent data indicating that this proposition can translate into reality. The search for novel sperm‐specific antigens/genes, that can be used for CV, continues using various recent developing technologies. Various approaches of proteomics, genomics, reproductive biology, mucosal immunity and vaccinology and several novel technologies such as gene knockout technology, phage display technology, antibody engineering, differential displ... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4697726 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4697726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4697725&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00997.x Conclusion  The upregualtion of costimulatory signals on T cells might form an abnormal immune microenvironment, a shift to Th1 responses, at maternal–fetal interface, which leads to human miscarriage. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4697725 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4697725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4697724&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.01001.x This article reviews several factors involved in the establishment of pregnancy, focusing on those that are essential for successful implantation. Factors that are both essential and pregnancy‐specific can provide potential targets for contraception. Using database search, 76 factors (cytokines/chemokines/growth factors/others) were identified that are involved in various steps of the establishment of pregnancy. Among these factors, three, namely chorionic gonadotropin (CG), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and pre‐implantation factor (PIF), are found to be unique and exciting molecules. Human CG is a well‐known pregnancy‐specific protein that has undergone phase I and phase II clinical trials, in women, as a contraceptive vaccine with encouraging results. LIF and PIF are pregnanc... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4697724 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4697724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4643578&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00990.x Discussion  Menopause is characterized by increased levels of IL‐2, which has critical immune‐modulatory effects. These changes may be related to the overall hormonal change process observed during menopause. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4643578 Tue, 29 Mar 2011 13:52:38 +0100 4643578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4601143&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00996.x Conclusions  Our findings indicate that MTHFR 1298A>C polymorphism may be an independent risk factor for SA with fetal chromosomal aneuploidy. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4601143 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 14:52:31 +0100 4601143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4601145&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00991.x Conclusion  Systemic and local inflammatory markers including proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines may predict pregnancy outcome in women with emergency cerclage for dilated cervix with protruding membranes. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4601145 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4601145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4601144&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00995.x Conclusion  Although trophoblast‐derived exosomes have been demonstrated to induce IL‐1β, this is the first demonstration of IL‐1β induction by exosome‐associated fibronectin. Based on this pro‐inflammatory role of exosome‐associated fibronectin, it may represent an important general immunoregulatory mechanism. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4601144 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4601144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4561178&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00989.x Conclusion  STAT3 and SOCS3 are involved in regulation of NK cell cytotoxicity and IL‐10 expression. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4561178 Wed, 09 Mar 2011 14:52:28 +0100 4561178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4561180&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00986.x Conclusion  Peptidoglycan‐induced TS cell necrosis and the subsequent release of HMGB1 and MIP‐1β may regulate an infection‐induced inflammatory response at the maternal–fetal interface and thus may play a role in the pathogenesis of infection‐associated pregnancy complications. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4561180 Wed, 09 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4561180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4561179&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00988.x Conclusion  Production of sFas and sFasL may play a crucial role in progression of CHM and may serve both as prognostic tool and therapeutic target in improving the clinical outcome. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4561179 Wed, 09 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4561179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4473336&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00992.x Conclusions  From these data, we propose that CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T regulatory cells may serve as a superior pregnancy marker for assessing miscarriage risk in newly pregnant women. Larger follow‐up studies are needed for confirmation. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4473336 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 14:52:48 +0100 4473336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4455909&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00987.x Conclusion  The prevalence of IL‐17‐producing CD4, CD8 and NK cells is elevated in pre‐eclampsia, indicating that both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system are involved in the development of the exaggerated maternal systemic inflammation observed in this pregnancy‐specific disorder. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4455909 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 14:52:28 +0100 4455909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4455910&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00985.x Conclusion  TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 expression in maternal neutrophils is decreased in preeclampsia. Given the many immunological changes in preeclampsia, this may represent an adaptation to the increased inflammatory signals present in preeclampsia. Further study is needed to clarify the role of the TLR in preeclampsia. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4455910 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4455910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442508&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00970.x Citation Wira CR, Patel MV, Ghosh M, Mukura L, Fahey JV. Innate immunity in the human female reproductive tract: endocrine regulation of endogenous antimicrobial protection against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65: 196–211Mucosal surfaces of the female reproductive tract (FRT) contain a spectrum of antimicrobials that provide the first line of defense against viruses, bacteria, and fungi that enter the lower FRT. Once thought to be a sterile compartment, the upper FRT is periodically exposed to pathogens throughout the menstrual cycle. More recently, secretions from the upper FRT have been shown to contribute to downstream protection in the lower FRT. In this review, we examine the antimicrobials in FRT secretions made by immune cells and epithe... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442508 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 14:52:52 +0100 4442508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442507&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00977.x (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442507 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 14:52:51 +0100 4442507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442506&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00969.x (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442506 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 14:52:51 +0100 4442506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442505&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00976.x (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442505 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 14:52:50 +0100 4442505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442504&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00993.x (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442504 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 14:52:50 +0100 4442504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4415178&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00984.x Conclusion  Lycopene decreased sRAGE in seminal, but not in blood plasma. This may be because of selective local uptake of lycopene in the male reproductive tract, namely in prostate. Decreased sRAGE may be caused by lycopene suppression of oxidative stressors and explain in part the putative improvement in fertility reported after lycopene treatment. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4415178 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 13:40:43 +0100 4415178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4415182&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00972.x Conclusion  Pregnancy loss seems to be related to endothelial cell activation and/or consumption. A relationship between aPLA and cMP could not be demonstrated. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4415182 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4415182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4415181&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00979.x Conclusion  Macrophage cytokine expression can be modulated by trophoblast co‐culture, but it remains unclear how Mamu‐AG is involved. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4415181 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4415181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4415180&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00982.x Citation 
Jin L‐P, Fan D‐X, Li D‐J. Regulation of costimulatory signal in maternal‐fetal immune tolerance. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011A pregnancy is associated with modifications in the immune status of the mother, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Several observations have indicated that CD28/CTLA‐4 and B7‐1/B7‐2 are involved in the maternal–fetal immune regulation. This review aims to recapitulate our current knowledge concerning the role of CD28/CTLA‐4 and B7‐1/B7‐2 in maternal–fetal immune regulation. Several studies suggest that up‐regulation of B7‐2 and/or CD28 and/or down‐regulation of CTLA‐4 are correlated with the occurrence of pregnancy loss. Therefore, an accurate expression of costimulatory molecules at the maternal–fetal interface m... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4415180 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4415180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4415179&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00983.x Conclusion  Our results indicate that CD160+ lymphocytes could be able to play a role in the maintenance of healthy pregnancy. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4415179 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4415179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394332&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00978.x Conclusion  Women with SLE show increased secretions of activin A, IL‐17, IL‐6, IL‐10, and TNF‐α during gestation, with a different trend for the various cytokines. These data suggest that patients with SLE have a hyper‐reactive immune system, probably receiving a placental contribution. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394332 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 15:14:34 +0100 4394332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362014&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2011.00981.x Conclusion  The results suggest that anti‐CA II antibodies and impairment in oxidant‐antioxidant balance may be involved in multifactorial etiology of pre‐eclampsia. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362014 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 13:40:47 +0100 4362014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362017&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00971.x Conclusion  These data describe a role for adiponectin in enhancing pro‐inflammatory signals in in vitro syncytialized trophoblasts. Additionally, this represents the first time the CD24/Siglec10 pathway has been implicated in a trophoblast response to a pro‐inflammatory mediator. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362017 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4362017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362016&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00973.x Conclusion  Double IUI improves fecundity in AEA+ patients. E‐associated infertility is better diagnosed by the AEA assay than by surgery. Double IUI should be attempted prior to assisted reproductive technologies in AEA+ patients with normal fallopian tubes. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362016 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4362016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362015&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00980.x Conclusion  IL‐23 contents of semen are different in the normal and abnormal group and have positive correlations between IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α, respectively. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362015 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4362015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362026&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00959.x Conclusion  Cytokines produced by Th lymphocytes are important in orchestrating the immune response during conception, and Th‐cell dysregulation could be a reason for infertility. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362026 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4362026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362025&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00958.x Conclusions  Ethanol increases the number of total and degranulated mast cells in the prostate and epididymis, as well as associated with increasing MMC, and therefore, it could be leading to inflammation in these organs. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362025 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4362025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362024&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00960.x Conclusion  These findings demonstrate that uric acid activates the inflammasome in the trophoblast, leading to IL‐1β production. This may provide a novel mechanism for the induction of inflammation at the maternal–fetal interface leading to placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcome, including preeclampsia. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362024 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4362024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362023&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00961.x Conclusion  The presence of anti‐thyroid antibodies in ovarian follicles, as demonstrated for the first time in this study, may play a critical role in female infertility related to thyroid autoimmunity. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362023 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4362023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362022&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00963.x Conclusion  Independent replication to verify results would augment power. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362022 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4362022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362021&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00964.x Conclusion  Expression of COX‐2, a potent inflammation‐related enzyme, as well as increased secretion of PGE2, an important local mediator of mucosal immunoinflammatory responses, by human vaginal epithelial cells exposed to vaginal microbicide and contraceptive candidates may be used as a biomarker of undesirable compound properties. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362021 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4362021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362020&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00968.x Conclusion  These findings indicate that delivery of TAA in NP enables DC to efficiently activate anti‐tumor CD8+ T cells. PLGA NP encapsulation of tumor‐derived lysate protein antigens is an encouraging new preparative methodology for DC‐based vaccination meriting clinical testing. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362020 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4362020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362019&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00974.x Conclusion  The data highlight the importance of thrombophilia screening in patients with RPL. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362019 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4362019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362018&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00975.x Conclusion Inflammation provoked by HMGB1 is likely to be involved in the proinflammatory process in preeclamptic placenta. Further studies are needed to elucidate the precise role of HMGB1 in preeclampsia. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362018 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4362018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4331837&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00967.x Citation Merbah M, Introini A, Fitzgerald W, Grivel J‐C, Lisco A, Vanpouille C, Margolis L. Cervico‐vaginal tissue ex vivo as a model to study early events in HIV‐1 infection. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011Vaginal intercourse remains the most prevalent route of infection of women. In spite of many efforts, the detailed mechanisms of HIV‐1 transmission in the female lower genital tract remain largely unknown. With all the obvious restrictions on studying these mechanisms in humans, their understanding depends on the development of adequate experimental models. Isolated cell cultures do not faithfully reproduce important aspects of cell–cell interactions in living tissues and tissue responses to pathogens. Explants and other types of ex vivo tissue models serve as a bridge between cell c... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4331837 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 14:13:25 +0100 4331837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4331849&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00946.x Conclusion  The degree of preconception TNF/IL‐10 elevation may correlate with an increased risk of IVF failure. Elevated TNF‐α/IL‐10 ratios can be corrected with therapy. It may be possible to improve IVF success rates by modulating high cytokine levels. Although our pilot database is small, the trends in the data are consistent and compelling. Larger studies are needed for confirmation. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4331849 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4331849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4331848&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00953.x Conclusion  CSF2 blocks apoptosis in bovine embryos through actions associated with regulation of genes controlling apoptosis. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4331848 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4331848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4331847&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00955.x Conclusion  Human endometrial stromal cells may be involved in the regulation of uNK‐cell functions through influencing proliferation and cytolytic activity. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4331847 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4331847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4331846&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00956.x Conclusion  Anti‐laminin‐111 autoantibodies may have major pathogenic roles on early reproductive failure including endometriosis‐associated infertility. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4331846 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4331846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4331845&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00945.x Citation Mian MF, Ashkar AA. Induction of innate immune responses in the female genital tract: friend or foe of HIV‐1 infection?
Am J Reprod Immunol 2011Heterosexual transmission of HIV‐1 and HSV‐2 across the genital tract epithelial tissue is one of the primary routes for dissemination of these viral infections. Mucosal innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. A vast majority of mucosal HIV‐1 exposures do not result in productive infections which may indicate that the innate mucosal immune system is highly protective. It has been shown that Toll‐like receptors (TLR)‐induced innate antiviral immunity in the genital mucosa lead to induction of type I and III interferon and prevention of HSV‐2 infection. The innate antiviral function of type I ... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4331845 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4331845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4331844&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00947.x This article reviews important clinical characteristics to consider when conducting studies of the human female genital tract in regard to mucosal immunity and HIV disease. Important topics to consider include the method and source of sample collection, the individual patient characteristics, and in the case of recruitment of HIV‐infected women, HIV disease characteristics. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4331844 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4331844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4331843&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00948.x Citation Shacklett BL, Greenblatt RM. Immune responses to HIV in the female reproductive tract, immunologic parallels with the gastrointestinal tract, and research implications. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011The female reproductive tract is a major site of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue and susceptibility to HIV infection, yet the tissue site(s) of infection and the impact of HIV infection on this important mucosal tissue remain poorly understood. CD4+ T cells and other cell types expressing the major coreceptors for HIV, CCR5, and CXCR4 are abundant in both the lower reproductive tract (endocervix and vagina) and the upper tract (endocervix and uterus) and are highly susceptible to infection. Antiviral defenses in the female reproductive tract are mediated by a variety of soluble factors a... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4331843 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4331843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4331842&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00954.x Conclusion  The focus on mucosal immunity in HIV of this conference highlights recent remarkable advances in our understanding of the early events in HIV pathogenesis at the mucosal surface. This review identifies areas for further research. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4331842 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4331842 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4331841&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00949.x Citation Fahey JV, Bodwell JE, Hickey DK, Ghosh M, Muia MN, Wira CR. New approaches to making the microenvironment of the female reproductive tract hostile to HIV. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011AbstractThe studies presented in this review explore three distinct areas with potential for inhibiting HIV infection in women. Based on emerging information from the physiology, endocrinology and immunology of the female reproductive tract (FRT), we propose unique ‘works in progress’ for protecting women from HIV. Various aspects of FRT immunity are suppressed by estradiol during the menstrual cycle, making women more susceptible to HIV infection. By engineering commensal Lactobacillus to secrete the anti‐HIV molecule Elafin as estradiol levels increase, women could be protected from HIV infection.... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4331841 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4331841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4331840&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00962.x Citation Kaul R, Cohen CR, Chege D, Yi TJ, Tharao W, McKinnon LR, Remis R, Anzala O, Kimani J. Biological factors that may contribute to regional and racial disparities in HIV prevalence. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011Despite tremendous regional and subregional disparities in HIV prevalence around the world, epidemiology consistently demonstrates that black communities have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic. There are many reasons for this, and a narrow focus on socio‐behavioural causes may be seen as laying blame on affected communities or individuals. HIV sexual transmission is very inefficient, and a number of biological factors are critical in determining whether an unprotected sexual exposure to HIV results in productive infection. This review will focus on ways in which bi... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4331840 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4331840 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4331839&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00965.x This study illustrated that GECs are dynamically active cells that mount rapid host responses to HIV‐1, independent of viral replication. Cytokine responses of GECs could play a critical role in HIV transmission and replication. Further understanding of GEC responses to HIV‐1 and their regulation could be critical to understanding HIV‐1 transmission dynamics during heterosexual transmission. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4331839 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4331839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4331838&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00966.x Conclusion  These results indicate that the frequency of SIV‐specific CD8+ T cells in the female genital mucosa is enriched compared with peripheral blood and provide initial information regarding the signals that direct recruitment of T cells to the female reproductive tract. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4331838 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4331838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4327147&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00942.x Citation 
Mayer KH, Venkatesh KK. Interactions of HIV, other sexually transmitted diseases, and genital tract inflammation facilitating local pathogen transmission and acquisition. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011Despite several decades of clinical trials assessing the impact of etiological treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) to decrease HIV acquisition and transmission, almost all of these trials have not proven to be efficacious. Increasing evidence suggests that specific STD treatment alone may not be sufficient to alter the genital tract inflammatory milieu that is created by STDs. This paper examines the associations between STDs and HIV susceptibility and infectiousness, and considers the role of chronic and refractory inflammation to create an environment that potentiates HI... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4327147 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 10:10:44 +0100 4327147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4327149&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00940.x Conclusion  The frequency of intra‐amniotic infection, especially M. hominis, in PL women who delivered with 7 days, is high and correlates with high IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels, but not IL‐8. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4327149 Sun, 09 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4327149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4327148&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00941.x Citation 
Anderson D, Politch JA, Pudney J. HIV infection and immune defense of the penis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011Recent evidence that circumcision decreases HIV infection in heterosexual men by 50–60% has focused research on the foreskin as a target of HIV infection. In this review article, we discuss potential mechanisms underlying the circumcision effect and re‐examine the assumption that the foreskin is the principle penile HIV infection site. HIV target cells are present in the foreskin epithelium, but are also found in the epithelia of the penile shaft, glans/corona, meatus and urethral introitus. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can affect any of these sites and increase susceptibility to HIV acquisition by eroding the protective epithelial layer and by attracting and a... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4327148 Sun, 09 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4327148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4295102&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00938.x Citation 
Jespers V, Francis SC, van de Wijgert J, Crucitti T. Methodological issues in sampling the local immune system of the female genital tract in the context of HIV prevention trials. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010The spread of HIV continues unabated in the most vulnerable populations of the world. HIV prevention methods, such as a vaginal microbicide, a mucosal vaccine, pre‐exposure prophylaxis or a vaccine, are urgently needed in the fight against new infections. We must make a commitment to supporting innovative research and product design, so that one or more of these products provide a halt to the spread of HIV. Above all, these products should be proven to be safe and not negatively disturb the local immune system in a way that facilitates or enhances heterosexual transmission of... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4295102 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 22:08:24 +0100 4295102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4295104&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00936.x Conclusion  This is the first time that induction of apoptosis has been reported in C. trachomatis‐infected cells when treated with a combination of innate immune activators and wedelolactone. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4295104 Mon, 27 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4295104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4295103&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00937.x Conclusion  The increase in Spag11 and defensin mRNA in response to LPS administration demonstrates their importance in protecting the male reproductive tract during infection. Results of this study help to understand male reproductive tract innate immune defense mechanisms and to design novel peptide antibiotics to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4295103 Mon, 27 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4295103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4253063&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00944.x Citation 
Bronson R. Biology of the male reproductive tract: Its cellular and morphological considerations. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010 Bronson R. Biology of the male reproductive tract: its cellular and morphological considerations. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 00: 00–00For many years, the focus of attention in the study of semen has been on spermatozoa, its major cellular component, given their importance in the process of reproduction, and the role of the seminal fluid as their transport medium. More recently, evidence has accumulated of the complexity of seminal fluid, its components that perturb the female reproductive tract in ways promoting both survival of spermatozoa there‐in and facilitating the implantation of embryos within the endometrium, hence initiating pregnancy. These sam... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4253063 Mon, 13 Dec 2010 18:09:25 +0100 4253063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4253064&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00932.x Citation 
Herold BC, Mesquita PM, Madan RP, Keller MJ. Female genital tract secretions and semen impact the development of microbicides for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010Pharmacologic strategies for the prevention of HIV include vaccines, post‐exposure prophylaxis with antiretroviral therapy, and topical microbicides. Vaginal microbicides have the potential to augment innate defenses in the genital tract but may also disrupt endogenous protection and increase HIV acquisition risk, as observed in clinical trials of nonoxynol‐9. The initially disappointing results of microbicide clinical trials stimulated the development of more sensitive and comprehensive pre‐clinical safety studies, which incl... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4253064 Sun, 12 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4253064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4245978&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00957.x (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4245978 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 13:48:52 +0100 4245978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4242170&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00943.x Citation 
Mirmonsef P, Gilbert D, Zariffard MR, Hamaker BR, Kaur A, Landay AL, Spear GT. The effects of commensal bacteria on innate immune responses in the female genital tract. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010The innate and adaptive immune systems are important mechanisms for resistance to pathogens in the female lower genital tract. Lactobacilli at this site help maintain a healthy vagina by producing several factors including lactic acid. Indeed, bacterial vaginosis, a condition in which the genital microbiota is altered, is strongly associated with increased rates of a number of infections including HIV. However, the precise factors that contribute to increased rates of microbial and viral infections in bacterial vaginosis remain to be elucidated. We have studied the effects of bacterial mi... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4242170 Thu, 09 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4242170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4238379&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00929.x Citation Sunderland N, Hennessy A, Makris A. Animal models of pre‐eclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010The cardinal features of human pre‐eclampsia, hypertension and proteinuria, are mimicked in animal models. Increasingly, the accuracy of inducing ‘pure’ systemic endothelial dysfunction is regarded as critical in differentiating mechanisms of pre‐eclampsia from other conditions which induce hypertension (e.g. glomerulonephritis, renal denervation or manipulation of the renin‐angiotensin system). A recent study in baboons has identified the timing of induction of maternal endothelial damage after acute uteroplacental ischaemia (UPI). The endothelial changes in the glomerulus are indicative of a direct endothelial toxin and mimic the lesions seen in human pre‐eclampsia; the exte... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4238379 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4238379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4219632&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00939.x Citation Shen R, Richter HE, Smith PD. Early HIV‐1 target cells in human vaginal and ectocervical mucosa. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010After translocation through the pleuristratified epithelium of the lower female genital tract, HIV‐1 encounters potential target mononuclear cells in the lamina propria of the vagina and ectocervix. Here we show that each major type of genital mononuclear cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and lymphocytes, are susceptible to HIV‐1 in vitro. Among suspensions of vaginal and ectocervical mononuclear cells, DCs were the first cells to take up virus, containing GFP‐tagged virions as early as 15 min after exposure. At 2 hr after exposure, DCs still contained the largest proportion of HIV‐1+ cells compared to lamina propria macrophages a... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4219632 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4219632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4208224&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00933.x Citation Ganor Y, Bomsel M. HIV‐1 transmission in the male genital tract. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010HIV‐1 is mainly a sexually transmitted infection, and epithelial surfaces covering genital mucosa are the primary site of HIV‐1 transmission. Although male circumcision was reported to reduce male acquisition of HIV‐1 by 60%, the initial mechanisms of HIV‐1 transmission in the male genitals remain elusive. We established two novel models of the adult human foreskin epithelium that allowed for polarized infection via the mucosal pole with either HIV‐1‐infected cells that are present in all secretions vectorizing HIV‐1 or cell‐free HIV‐1. Efficient HIV‐1 transmission occurs following 1 hr of polarized exposure of the inner, but not outer, foreskin to mononuclear cells hig... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4208224 Sun, 28 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4208224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4208223&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00934.x Citation Dinh MH, Fahrbach KM, Hope TJ. The role of the foreskin in male circumcision: an evidence‐based review. 
Am J Reprod Immunol 2010HIV sexual transmission via the male genital tract remains poorly defined. Male circumcision was shown to reduce female‐to‐male transmission in Africa, providing a clue that the foreskin plays a role in the route of transmission. Scientific data in four categories relating to how the foreskin might affect HIV transmission is summarized: (i) surface area, (ii) microbiologic environment, (iii) HIV‐1‐susceptible cells, and (iv) tissue structure. The relative contribution of each of these areas is yet unknown, and further studies will be crucial in understanding how male circumcision affects HIV transmission in men. (Source: American Journal of R... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4208223 Sun, 28 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4208223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4183738&cid=s_33161_3_f&fid=33161&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1600-0897.2010.00931.x Citation Doncel GF, Joseph T, Thurman AR. Role of semen in HIV‐1 transmission: inhibitor or facilitator? Am J Reprod Immunol 2010Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) accounts for 60‐90% of new infections, especially in developing countries. During male‐to‐female transmission, the virus is typically deposited in the vagina as cell‐free and cell‐associated virions carried by semen. But semen is more than just a carrier for HIV‐1. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies supports both inhibitory and enhancing effects. Intrinsic antiviral activity mediated by cationic antimicrobial peptides, cytotoxicity, and blockage of HIV–dendritic cell interactions are seminal plasma properties that inhibit HIV‐1 infection. On the contrary, neutralization... American Journal of Reproductive Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4183738 Sat, 20 Nov 2010 01:13:54 +0100 4183738