MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Ann Ist Super Sanita' source. Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:07:36 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5038844&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430329%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garaci E, Rasi G PMID: 21430329 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5038844 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 06:45:02 +0100 5038844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5038843&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430350%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Iardino R, Celano A PMID: 21430350 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5038843 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 06:45:02 +0100 5038843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633305&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430329%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garaci E, Rasi G PMID: 21430329 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633305 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633304&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430330%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garaci E, Popoli P PMID: 21430330 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633304 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633303&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430331%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Orloff JJ, Stanski D Pharmaceutical innovation is increasingly risky, costly and at times inefficient, which has led to a decline in industry productivity. Despite the increased investment in R&D by the industry, the number of new molecular entities achieving marketing authorization is not increasing. Novel approaches to clinical development and trial design could have a key role in overcoming some of these challenges by improving efficiency and reducing attrition rates. The effectiveness of clinical development can be improved by adopting a more integrated model that increases flexibility and maximizes the use of accumulated knowledge. Central to this model of drug development are novel tools, including modelling and simulation, Bayesian methodologies, and adaptive design... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633303 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633302&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430332%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grignolo A The Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative (CTTI) is a public-private partnership created in 2007 between the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Duke University for the purpose of identifying practices that will increase the quality and efficiency of clinical trials. The initiative was generated from the realization that the clinical trials system in the United States has been suffering as a result of increasingly longer study start-up times, slowing enrollment of patients into trials, increasing clinical trial costs, and declining investigator interest in participating in clinical trials. Although CTTI was created to address a crisis for US clinical research, it seeks to identify practice improvements that can be applied internationally, and is... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633302 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633301&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430333%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tomino C Since 2004 the European Directive 2001/20/EC concerning the implementation of good clinical practice in the conduct of clinical trials on medicinal products has become operative in Italy (Decreto legislativo 24 giugno 2003, n. 211). It is therefore the intention of the Ministry of Health to obtain through an intelligent application of the recent national decree clear indications on how to conduct and to monitor transparent and useful clinical trials and to best exploit the results emerging from clinical studies in our country, both and equally from "commercial" and "non commercial" clinical studies. Using data coming from the National Register on Clinical Trials, we have observed that the absolute number of clinical research has significantly increased raising 845 int... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633301 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633300&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430334%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Freddi G, Romàn-Pumar JL Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is not a old hat, a "cookbook" medicine perpetrated by arrogant to serve cost cutters to suppress clinical freedom, a mandatory, deterministic, totalitarian practice of medicine, a way to control cost and to ignore patient preferences, a limit to personal/ humanistic/individual medicine. EBM is a reference of excellence to guide clinical decisions, the integration of own expertise with others' expertise and patient preferences, a way to improve medical practice and limit the variability and errors created when there is not evidence to identify the gold standard and differentiate among alternatives available. But evidences need to be integrated with a new thinking based on Complexity Science. Health care systems operates a... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633300 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633299&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430335%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tonelli MR Evidence-based medicine has placed a general priority on knowledge gained from clinical research for clinical decision making. However, knowledge derived from empiric, population-based research, while valued for its ability to limit bias, is not directly applicable to the care of individual patients. The gap between clinical research and individual patient care centers on the fact that empiric research is not generally designed to answer questions of direct relevance to individual patients. Clinicians must utilize other forms of medical knowledge, including pathophysiologic rationale and clinical experience, in order to arrive at the best medical decision for a particular patient. In addition, clinicians must also elucidate and account for the goals and values of in... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633299 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633298&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430336%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumar D The practice of "evidence-based medicine" aims at the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the individualised patient care. The clinical genetics evolved from translational genetics research and contributes to the clinical care of patients and families through evidence-based health care in managing inherited disorders through accurate diagnosis, molecular pathology and assessing phenotypic correlations. Translational genetics and genomics research has led to the development of powerful tools for clinical diagnosis, assessing individual's genomic profile for disease prediction/prevention, high-throughput genome-wide screening for predisposition and/or protection to complex medical conditions, and discovery and ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633298 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633297&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430337%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perno CF The therapy of HIV infection has been dramatically improved over the years, and allowed the achievement of unexpected results. The availability of many drugs, and the knowledge of HIV related pathogenesis, helped in selecting highly effective antiviral therapies, yet today a major challenge stands, that is the selection of the best regimen(s) in clinical practice. In this frame, evidencebased medicine remains a cornerstone of modern medicine, but its structure needs to be adapted to the new challenges, made by an excess of information (not always fully reliable), by highly sophisticated statistical systems that may overlook the clinical practice despite their ability to define the statistical significance, and the limited number of independent controlled studies. The ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633297 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633296&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430338%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Palmisano L, Vella S Unprecedented efforts in the fields of biology, pharmacology and clinical care have contributed to progressively turn HIV infection from an inevitably fatal condition into a chronic manageable disease, at least in the countries where HIV infected people have full access to the potent antiretroviral drug combinations that allow a marked and sustained control of viral replication. However, since currently used treatments are unable to eradicate HIV from infected individuals, therapy must be lifelong, with the potential for short- and long-term, known and unknown, side effects, and high costs for health care systems. In addition, different patterns of unexpected systemic complications involving heart, bone, kidney and other organs are emerging. Although their... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633296 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633295&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430339%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stanzione P, Tropepi D Neurodegenerative diseases are disabling conditions continuously increasing due to aging of population. A disease modifying therapy that slows or stops disease progression is therefore a major unmet medical need. Unfortunately, research for effective treatments is hampered by lack of knowledge on the pathologic processes underpinning these diseases and of reliable biomarkers. Clinical trials are difficult, as they require large populations that need to be followed for very long periods to capture possible effects on disease progression. These difficulties produce frequent failures and waste of human and economic resources. Since research has to continue in this area, until comprehensive knowledge of basic pathologic processes is obtained, alternative stu... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633295 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633294&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430340%26dopt%3DAbstract We report possibly weaknesses in the management of clinical studies in these diseases, ranging from poor preclinical studies, difficulties in the recruitment of patients, delay in the onset of treatment because of lack in early disease-specific biomarkers, and suboptimal design of Phase II clinical trials. The adoption of innovative statistical approaches in early Phase II trials might improve the screening of drugs in rare neurodegenerative disorders, but this implicates efforts from clinical researchers, statisticians, and regulatory people to the development of new strategies that should maintain rigorous scientific integrity together with a more ethical approach to human experimentations. PMID: 21430340 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633294 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633293&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430341%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Giuliani A The feeling of the reaching of a crucial turning point is shared by the whole spectrum of sciences. The main features of this turning point are basically identical across different disciplines and can be interpreted as a re-location of the most relevant level of explanation (and consequently intervention for more applicative fields) from the microscopic to the so called mesoscopic level. Here, the character of the mesoscopic approach in drug development field will be briefly commented. PMID: 21430341 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633293 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633292&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430342%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maugeri-Saccà M, De Maria R With the advent of molecular targeted therapies and the development of high-throughput biotechnologies, it has become evident that progress in cancer research is largely due to the creation of multidisciplinary teams able to plan clinical trials supported by appropriate molecular hypotheses. These efforts have culminated in the identification and validation of biomarkers predictive of response, as well as in the generation of more accurate prognostic tools. The identification of cancer stem cells has provided further insights into mechanisms of cancer, and many studies have tried to translate this biological notion into prognostic and predictive information. In this regard, new agents targeting key stemness-related pathways have entered the clinica... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633292 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633291&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430343%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Belardelli F, Rizza P, Moretti F, Carella C, Galli MC, Migliaccio G Fostering translational research of advanced therapies has become a major priority of both scientific community and national governments. Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) are a new medicinal product category comprising gene therapy and cell-based medicinal products as well as tissue engineered medicinal products. ATMP development opens novel avenues for therapeutic approaches in numerous diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. However, there are important bottlenecks for their development due to the complexity of the regulatory framework, the high costs and the needs for good manufacturing practice (GMP) facilities and new end-points for clinical experimentation.... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633291 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633290&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430344%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Popoli P, Cometa MF, Fabi F, Meneguz A Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) can offer new, effective therapeutic options for the treatment of severe illnesses, including cancer, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Translation of advanced therapies to the clinic has been slow despite significant academic research from academia and foundations. The implementation of 2001/20 Directive in Italy established that the development of an ATMP should follow the GXP rules - good manufacturing practice (GMP) for production, good laboratory practice (GLP) for non clinical safety studies and good clinical practice (GCP) for clinical trials. The high costs of GCP application and the needs for GMP facilities are perceived as the most important bottlenecks for the development ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633290 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633289&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430345%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Taruscio D, Capozzoli F, Frank C According to the Regulation (EC) N. 141/2000 of the European Parliament and of the Council, rare diseases are life-threatening or chronically debilitating conditions, affecting no more than 5 in 10 000 persons in the European Community. It is estimated that between 6000 to 8000 distinct rare diseases affect up to 6% of the total EU population. Therefore, these conditions can be considered rare if taken individually but they affect a significant proportion of the European population when considered as a single group. Several initiatives have been undertaken at international, European and national level to tackle public health as well as research issues related to the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and surveillance of these diseases. The develo... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633289 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633288&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430346%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Remuzzi G, Schieppati A Patients with rare diseases are awaiting an answer to their needs. Traditionally, however, research on rare diseases has been limited by the idea that it was too difficult to do and too little rewarding in terms of return of profit. This attitude has actually changed during the last decade, because it was realized that research on rare diseases may help finding solutions valid also for common conditions. Indeed, while we all invoke translational research as the way to adapt results of laboratory studies into therapeutic interventions for patients, rare diseases often need the opposite path: we observe rare patients in the clinical practice, then we find out that they have a genetic defect, and finally we reproduce the defect in an animal model to extend... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633288 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633287&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430347%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nisticò G On the basis of the author's experience as member of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and in order to facilitate the access of new orphan drugs to the patients, some suggestions were given. Among these the following should be taken into account by the regulatory bodies: 1) conditional approval or approval under exceptional circumstances should be granted more frequently; 2) the opinion of international societies for rare diseases should be taken into greater account by the EMA Committees; 3) the guidelines requirements should be interpreted more flexibly; 4) in comparison to the fulfilment of primary and secondary endpoints, the improvement of the quality of life should justify the approval of a new orp... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633287 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633286&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430348%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cassese M, Zuber V Women use more medicines than men because they fall ill more often and suffer more from chronic diseases, but also because women pay more attention to their health and have more consciousness and care about themselves. Although medicines can have different effects on women and men, women still represent a small percentage in the first phases of trials (22%) which are essential to verify drugs dosage, side effects, and safety. Even though women are more present in trials, studies results are not presented with a gender approach. This situation is due to educational, social, ethical and economical factors. The scientific research must increase feminine presence in clinical trials in order to be equal and correct, and all the key stakeholder should be involved ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633286 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633285&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430349%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dompé S The last 60 years have been characterised by an increase in life expectancy and an improvement in the quality of patients' lives. Such advances, to a significant extent, can be attributed - up to 40% of the total - to the results of pharmaceutical research. However, many treatment needs remain unsatisfied: tumoral pathologies, AIDS, neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric pathologies and rare diseases are only a few of the challenges facing research in its attempt to make new and effective therapies available. The knowledge necessary before a new medicinal product can be made available is becoming increasingly complex, in line with the rising costs of clinical development. In such a scenario success is the result of the commitment made by large groups, aided by the in... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633285 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633284&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21430350%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Iardino R, Celano A PMID: 21430350 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633284 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 22:00:03 +0100 4633284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3416668&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20348613%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rezza G PMID: 20348613 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3416668 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 10:40:03 +0100 3416668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3416667&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20348614%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fanales-Belasio E, Raimondo M, Suligoi B, Buttò S Studies on HIV virology and pathogenesis address the complex mechanisms that result in the HIV infection of the cell and destruction of the immune system. These studies are focused on both the structure and the replication characteristics of HIV and on the interaction of the virus with the host. Continuous updating of knowledge on structure, variability and replication of HIV, as well as the characteristics of the host immune response, are essential to refine virological and immunological mechanisms associated with the viral infection and allow us to identify key molecules in the virus life cycle that can be important for the design of new diagnostic assays and specific antiviral drugs and vaccines. In this article we revi... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3416667 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 10:40:03 +0100 3416667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3416666&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20348615%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Suligoi B, Raimondo M, Fanales-Belasio E, Buttò S In Europe, the incidence of new diagnoses of HIV infection in 2008 was 86.7 cases per one million population, and most cases were attributable to sexual transmission. In Italy, in 2007, the incidence was 60.0 cases per one million population (in the areas in which surveillance exists), and 73.7% of the cases were attributable to sexual transmission. At present, there are an estimated 170 000-180 000 persons living with HIV/AIDS in Italy, some of whom are unaware of being infected. Based on available epidemiological data and taking into consideration the level of risk of exposure to HIV, we describe several proposals for promoting access to HIV testing in diverse population groups and contexts, including some innovative app... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3416666 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 10:40:03 +0100 3416666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3416665&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20348616%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buttò S, Suligoi B, Fanales-Belasio E, Raimondo M Laboratory diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is fundamental for detecting and monitoring infection. Many diagnostic tools are available that are based on both detection of HIV-specific antibodies and virus antigen, or nucleic acid. As technology evolves, HIV testing assays are being improved providing better sensitivity and specificity. In this short review, we summarize the common and new methodologies that are being used in laboratories, from the HIV antibody-based assays to the new tests for the detection of HIV nucleic acids. PMID: 20348616 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3416665 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 10:40:03 +0100 3416665 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3416664&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20348617%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buttò S, Raimondo M, Fanales-Belasio E, Suligoi B HIV/AIDS surveillance data indicate that, in 2008, approximately one-fourth of all HIV infections in adults remain undiagnosed in Italy and that close to 60% of AIDS diagnosed individuals discovered their seropositivity at the diagnosis of AIDS. Late diagnosis of HIV infection is associated with increased mortality and morbidity and increased cost to healthcare services. From a public health perspective, knowledge of HIV status is associated with a reduction in risk behaviour. Thus, a routine screening for HIV infection is important for both a better prognostic outcome, and control of HIV spreading in the population. In Italy there are not shared guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis. In this paper, we suggest two algori... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3416664 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 10:40:03 +0100 3416664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3416663&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20348618%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Luzi AM, De Mei B, Colucci A, Gallo P In the present work, we outline basic health counselling skills, specifically, those for performing pre-test and post-test counselling for HIV infection. The ultimate goal is to propose that counselling be performed in facilities that carry out screening for anti-HIV antibodies, following standardised (and thus replicable) criteria, with consistent focus on the quality of the relationship between the healthcare professional and the individual undergoing testing and on the individual's specific needs. PMID: 20348618 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3416663 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 10:40:03 +0100 3416663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3416662&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20348619%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: D'Amato S, Pompa MG Italy has adhered to international declarations regarding the prevention, care, and treatment of HIV/AIDS and has adopted the fundamental interventions for surveillance and control; access to testing is defined by Law 135 of 5 June 1990. At the time, the Ministry of Health issued decrees to define national epidemiological surveillance systems for new HIV infections. The decree provides indications on the data to be collected, data flow, the modes of data transmission respecting security measures and some recommendations regarding access to HIV testing. It is thus necessary to develop national recommendations on appropriate methods for considering the diverse phases of access to testing in relation to the level of awareness of the minor, the outcome and divu... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3416662 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 10:40:03 +0100 3416662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3416661&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20348620%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Camoni L, Regine V, Salfa MC, Nicoletti G, Canuzzi P, Magliocchetti N, Rezza G, Suligoi B We estimated the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infections among injecting and noninjecting drug users treated within public drug-treatment centres in Italy to determine the correlates of infection. In the sample of 1330 drug users, the prevalence of HIV was 14.4% among drug injectors and 1.6% among non-injectors; the prevalence of HBV was 70.4% among injecting drug users and 22.8% among non-injectors and of HCV was 83.2% among injecting drug users and 22.0% among non-injectors. Old age, unemployment, and intravenous drug use were significantly correlated with each of the infections, as well as a longer history of injecting drug use. The results indicate that these infections continue to ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3416661 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 10:40:03 +0100 3416661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3416660&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20348621%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bozzuto G, Ruggieri P, Molinari A Cell migration and invasion are crucial steps in many physiological events. However, they are also implicated in the physiopathology of many diseases, such as cancer. To spread through the tissues, tumor cells use mechanisms that involve several molecular actors: adhesion receptor families, receptor tyrosine kinases, cytoskeleton proteins, adapter and signalling proteins interplay in a complex scenario. The balance of cellular signals for proliferation and survival responses also regulates migratory behaviours of tumor cells. To complicate the scene of crime drug resistance players can interfere thus worsening this delicate situation. The complete understanding of this molecular jungle is an impossible mission: some molecular aspects are revie... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3416660 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 10:40:03 +0100 3416660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3416659&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20348622%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carere C, Costantini D, Sorace A, Santucci D, Alleva E Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is a widespread phenomenon in nature. Although the mechanisms of action of EDCs are actively studied, the consequences of endocrine disruption (ED) at the population level and the adaptations evolved to cope with chronic EDC exposure have been overlooked. Birds probably represent the animal taxon most successfully adapted to synanthropic life. Hence, birds share with humans a similar pattern of exposure to xenobiotics. In this article, we review case studies on patterns of behaviour that deviate from the expectation in bird species exposed to EDCs. We provide behavioural and ecological parameters to be used as endpoints of ED; methodological requirements and caveats based o... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3416659 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 10:40:03 +0100 3416659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3416658&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20348623%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rubbiani M, Fornarelli L, Bascherini S, Binetti R Legislative Decree March 2003, n. 65 brought about implementation of Directive 1999/45/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council dated 31 May 1999 and Directive 2001/60/EC of the Commission dated 7 August 2001 concerning laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations come into force. Directive 1999/45/EC brought about a series of modifications representing the new regulatory framework for dangerous preparations. The above-mentioned Decree supplies the criteria for the evaluation of hazardous preparations, regardless of their intended use, and completes previously undertaken steps, in strict connection with the analogo... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3416658 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 10:40:03 +0100 3416658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3416657&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20348624%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baragli P, Pacchini S, Gatta D, Ducci M, Sighieri C Four untrained standardbred horses performed a standardized exercise test on the treadmill and an automated blood collection system programmed to obtain blood samples every 15 s was used for blood collection in order to evaluate the kinetics of adrenaline and noradrenaline. The highest average values obtained for adrenaline and noradrenaline were 15.0 +/- 3.0 and 15.8 +/- 2.8 nmol/l respectively, with exponential accumulation of adrenaline (r = 0.977) and noradrenaline (r = 0.976) during the test. Analysis of the correlation between noradrenaline and adrenaline for each phase of the test shows that correlation coefficient decreases as the intensity of exercise increases (from r = 0.909 to r = 0.788). This suggests that during... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3416657 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 10:40:03 +0100 3416657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562594&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567971%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garaci E PMID: 19567971 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562594 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:16:03 +0100 2562594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562593&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567972%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lora A This paper intends to evaluate the mental health system in Italy thirty years after the psychiatric reform, using epidemiological evidence on the prevalence of mental disorders and the features of primary care and community mental health services (data from five Regions). The network of community mental health facilities appears to be complete as concerns Residential Facilities and Community Mental Health Centres, and less complete as concerns General Hospital Psychiatric Units. Substantial variation exists between Regions and between disorders, the treatment gap being smaller for schizophrenic than for mood disorders. High quality information is essential to improve mental health care; therefore, it should be systematically collected and extensively used to prime over ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562593 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:16:03 +0100 2562593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562592&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567973%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bettoni M, Benigni B This work reconstructs the atmosphere that developed in the city of Arezzo with the approval and application of Italian Law 180. A detailed description of the events, which saw this mediumsized community involved in what was to become an example for mental health policy, helps to illustrate the values underlying Italian Law 180. This endeavour was at once a scientific, cultural and political project making Italian Law 180 an undeniable part of Italian national heritage. PMID: 19567973 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562592 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:16:03 +0100 2562592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562591&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567974%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ferrannini L Over the last few years, psychiatry has had to deal more in depth with the mutation of social frames and of problems expressed by the community, which has changed itself, in particular at a cultural level. The historical attitude of psychiatry, which is to combine a scientific approach with recognizing the rights of all individuals involved in the healing system, can be very helpful in keeping services in touch with the new needs of society and places the neurosciences in a peculiar position. PMID: 19567974 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562591 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:16:03 +0100 2562591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562590&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567975%26dopt%3DAbstract The Italian Law "180" thirty years after: from the unmet needs of sick people and families the duty of a critical reflection. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2009;45(1):27-32 Authors: Bersani G The law that in 1978 reformed the psychiatric assistance in Italy, the well known "Law 180", represented an historical moment not only respect to the new modalities of the assistance to mentally ill people but also for the cultural and social approach to psychiatric illness. The closure of psychiatric hospitals and the beginning of the process of destigmatization of mental illness were its most relevant and historically significant elements. Despite of this, thirty years after the law and considering modes and results of its utilization, some critical remarks can be made, aiming at a further evolu... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562590 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:16:03 +0100 2562590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562589&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567976%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nardocci F Child and adolescent neuropsychiatry services' development is described from early deinstitutionalization, through to rehabilitation, intervention and social inclusion of children with disability. The issues that have changed the services in order to meet the growing mental health problem, and the protection of mental well-being trough developmental years, are then dealt with in detail. Finally we draw a picture of the organization of child and adolescent neuropsychiatry services in Italy and in the different regional contexts. PMID: 19567976 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562589 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:16:03 +0100 2562589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562588&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567977%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Muggia E This paper, after an introduction on the origin, development and principal aims of the National Union of Associations for Mental Health (UNASAM), briefly describes what happened in the last 30 years in the field of mental health in Italy. This period covers roughly the lifespan of the Italian Law 180, from the beginnings, the closure of psychiatric hospitals, to the difficulties of present days. The second part of the paper is a summary of a study commissioned to UNASAM by Istituto Superiore di Sanità and conducted in collaboration with the Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" of Milan. This research was aimed at evaluating the quality of mental health services in four Italian Regions. Members of patients' families participated with enthusiasm, filli... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562588 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:16:03 +0100 2562588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562587&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567978%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Amaddeo F, Burti L, Ruggeri M, Tansella M The South-Verona community psychiatric service (CPS) was implemented in 1978, according to Law 180, by the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Verona. Since then this CPS provides prompt, comprehensive and coherent answers to patients' needs, psychological and social, as well as practical, while trying to decrease and control symptoms. Special emphasis is given to integrating different interventions, such as medication, rehabilitation, family support, and social work. The South-Verona experience was from the beginning associated with a long-term research project of monitoring and evaluating the new system of care. The research team has grown and expanded over the years and presently includes the following research units: a) e... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562587 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:16:03 +0100 2562587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562586&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567979%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Di Fiandra T The most recent developments of strategies and policies in the mental health field in Europe are related to the World Health Organization (WHO) Declaration and Action Plan on Mental Health signed by all the Ministers of Health of all Member States in the European Region (2005). The Action Plan proposes ways and means of developing comprehensive mental health policies, listing 12 areas in which challenges are indicated and detailed actions are required. Afterwards the Green Paper on Mental Health has been launched by the European Commission for the definition of an European strategy. The more precise European Pact for Mental Health and Well-being has been presented in 2008. Many other international bodies (OECD, Council of Europe, etc.) have actively worked to stre... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562586 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:16:03 +0100 2562586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562585&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567980%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bignami G In the mid-eighties, the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) made a significant contribution to the foundation of the WHO Center for Research and Training in Mental Health in Italy, with the Institute director Francesco Pocchiari as first president. In the nineties, an extensive and successful project of research in mental health (Progetto Nazionale Salute Mentale, PNSM) was directed by ISS after financing with public health funds (DL.vo 1992/402, art. 12). The ISS unit conducted research on rehabilition facilities (census and evaluation of the characteristics of a large random sample; Progetto Residenze, PROGRES). ISS continued to participate in subsequent projects in the same field, conducted by Regions with adequately qualified Mental Health Services; a signif... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562585 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:16:03 +0100 2562585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562584&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567981%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frazzoli C, Petrini C, Mantovani A Development is defined sustainable when it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Pivoting on social, environmental and economic aspects of food chain sustainability, this paper presents the concept of sustainable food safety based on the prevention of risks and burden of poor health for generations to come. Under this respect, the assessment of long-term, transgenerational risks is still hampered by serious scientific uncertainties. Critical issues to the development of a sustainable food safety framework may include: endocrine disrupters as emerging contaminants that specifically target developing organisms; toxicological risks assessment in Countries at the turning poi... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562584 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:16:03 +0100 2562584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562583&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567982%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marsili D "Environmental health" and "multidimensional development process" are two concepts that have been used and discussed since the last two decades within different conceptual frameworks. The present paper presents and discusses an interpretation concerning the interconnection between these two concepts in line with the integrated approach to health of environmental epidemiology and the multidimensional development approach of socio-economic analyses. The paper aims at investigating the environmental health and the condition of environmental health deprivation affecting populations in developing countries, and proposes to consider them as central issues for integrated environmental epidemiological and socio-economic investigations. The relevance and impact of this interd... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562583 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:16:03 +0100 2562583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562582&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567983%26dopt%3DAbstract We report an investigation of an outbreak in the town of Botevgrad, Western Bulgaria. Overall, 220 cases were identified between May 1 and June 9, 2004. Of the cases, 168 were from Botevgrad; the others were from neighbouring towns. This has been the largest outbreak in Bulgaria in the last 20 years. Q fever outbreaks in urban areas are not common. Flocks of sheep and goats were the most likely source of infection, as suggested by the observation that flocks grazed in, or had travelled on, the roads and the gardens of the town, and for the prevalence of anti-C. burnetii antibodies among animals in the area. This large outbreak highlights how zoonoses such as Q fever may represent a public-health threat also for urban populations. PMID: 19567983 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ann Ist Su... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562582 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:16:03 +0100 2562582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562581&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567984%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we review the most relevant environmental studies addressing the VOCs contamination level in dental settings. We analyze the methodological problems this kind of study must face and we report preliminary results of an indoor air investigation, carried out at dental hospital in Italy, the "Ospedale odontoiatrico George Eastman" of Rome, in which general lines for the analysis of dental settings in environmental terms are sketched. The aim of this work is to identify the kind of problems a typical enclosed (non-industrial) environment indoor air investigation has to cope with by means of the analysis of a case study. PMID: 19567984 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562581 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:16:03 +0100 2562581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438724&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469368%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Binetti R, Marcello I, Di Benedetto C PMID: 18469368 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438724 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438723&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469369%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Terracini B Lorenzo Tomatis and Benedetto Terracini have shared study and research experiences since 1948. This paper describes various phases of Tomatis scientific adventure leading to outstanding results (in particular as Director of the International Agency for Research on Cancer) despite the various difficulties met and the tendency to ignore scientific findings which in fact were adequate to implement preventive measures addressed to environmental carcinogenic hazards. PMID: 18469369 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438723 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438722&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469370%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zapponi GA, Marcello I, Carere A This paper is dedicated to Lorenzo Tomatis, former director of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), promoter of prevention principles with a precautionary approach, supported by an important scientific foundation. He has recommended an appropriate consideration of both "false negatives" and "false positives" errors in the evaluation of epidemiological and experimental data on toxicological and carcinogenic risk. The current rules for IARC Monographs preparation include both a full transparency of the data used and of the possible conflicts of interest of the experts involved. Tomatis has also underlined that "Dismissing animal carcinogenicity findings would lead to human cases as the only means of demonstrating carcinogenicit... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438722 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438722 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438721&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Binetti R, Costamagna FM, Marcello I The number of new chemicals synthesized and marketed increases exponentially. The database CAS REGISTRY at present contains more than 33 million organic and inorganic substances. However, the little information regarding the potential hazard associated with a large amount of chemicals is an old known problem in the European Union and also in the United States. This critical problem may find a solution in the collaboration of the different involved countries and in a planned task setting at international level. Both in the United States (e.g., the "Gore Initiative") and in European Union (the REACH policy) a big effort has been dedicated to this solution, within standardized procedures and an appropriate collaboration. PMID: 18469371 [Pu... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438721 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438720&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469372%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Binetti R, Costamagna FM, Ceccarelli F, D'angiolini A, Fabri A, Riva G, Satalia S, Marcello I The INSC (Inventario Nazionale delle Sostanze Chimiche), a factual data bank, produced by Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), consists of an electronic tool on chemical information developed for routinary and emergency purposes. Historical background, current status and future perspectives of INSC are discussed. The structure and the feature of INSC are briefly examined. Aspects of information retrieval and the criteria for inclusion of data and priority selection are also considered. PMID: 18469372 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438720 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438719&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Di Prospero Fanghella P, Izzo P, Morassi E The database contains information about the substances marketed in the European Union at present. About 8000 out of 100 000 substances on the market are listed in Annex I (Directive 67/548/EC), the published list of substances with a harmonised classification and labelling. For each entry the database gives the following details: name, CAS number, EC number, classification, labelling,specific concentration limits, reference to the last amended EU and national law. There is also a section where the legislative frame is reported together with the EU Directives and the corresponding national implementation decrees. In addition to searching a substance by name/part of the name or identifying numbers the query can be done by symbols, R and... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438719 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438718&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469374%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Binetti R, Ceccarelli F, Costamagna FM, D'Angiolini A, Fabri A, Ferri M, Riva G, Roazzi P, Trucchi D, Marcello I The Data Bank on Carcinogens (Banca Dati Cancerogeni, BDC) is a factual data bank, available on the Istituto Superiore di Sanità website, aimed at supporting the risk management decision making of central and local administrators. It can also represent a valuable tool for industry. The available information on carcinogenicity evaluations/classifications produced by European Union and by other institutions (IARC, USEPA, NTP, CCTN) is presented in a concise form accompanied by bibliographic references enabling the users to consult the original sources and, in some cases, to be directly connected to the relevant website. The classifications carried out by each org... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438718 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438717&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469375%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gilardi L, Falcone U, Santoro S, Coffano E MATline is a tool that can be used to predict which industrial processes can be expected to involve the use of a substance that is considered carcinogenic as documented in the literature. The database includes agents carrying risk phrases R45, R49 and R40 according to the method of classificationadopted by the EU and/or agents in categories 1, 2A and 2B as classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Each agent is associated with a list of industrial processes coded according to the tariff headings used by the National Institute of Insurance against Occupational Injuries and Diseases (Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, INAIL). The main sources of information are the IARC Mo... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438717 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438716&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469376%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Benigni R, Bossa C, Richard AM, Yang C Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity databases are crucial resources for toxicologists and regulators involved in chemicals risk assessment. Until recently, existing public toxicity databases have been constructed primarily as "look-up-tables" of existing data, and most often did not contain chemical structures. Concepts and technologies originated from the structure-activity relationships science have provided powerful tools to create new types of databases, where the effective linkage of chemical toxicity with chemical structure can facilitate and greatly enhance data gathering and hypothesis generation, by permitting: a) exploration across both chemical and biological domains; and b) structure-searchability through the data. This paper rev... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438716 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438715&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469377%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baldi F, Mantovani A Diet is a significant source of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC); health risks cannot be excluded, in particular long-term effects in vulnerable Groups such as children. However, food safety assessment must also consider the effects of natural food components modulating the endocrine system. The scientific evidence on the complex interactions between EDC and food components is still limited. The new EDC-Diet Interactions Database (EDID) within the ISS EDC area (www.iss.it/inte/) aims to stimulate further research in the field of food toxicology: a database on international literature's studies, either on experimental systems and on animal population and humans, easy to consult and periodically updated. Examples of studies contained in EDID ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438715 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438714&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469378%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brunetto B, Binetti R, Ceccarelli F, Costamagna FM, D'Angiolini A, Fabri A, Ferri M, Marcello I, Riva G, Roazzi P, Trucchi D, Tinghino R The Istituto Superiore Sanità has developed a data bank on sensitizing substances (Banca Dati Sensibilizzanti, BDS), available on website (www.iss.it/bdse/), sharing complete, controlled and updated information coming from different sources, such as scientific publications, international agencies and governmental or non governmental organizations. It is worthwhile that the main objective of the BDS is not the classification of sensitizing or potentially sensitizing agents within specific risk classes, but it is essentially to provide concise and non confidential information related to this endpoint. At present, the BDS includes: all the ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438714 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438713&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469379%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Musmeci L, Bellino M, Binetti R, Ceccarelli F, Costamagna FM, D'angiolini A, Fabri A, Falleni F, Ferri M, Piccardi A, Roazzi P, Trucchi D, Marcello I Polyphenols have been demonstrated to have clear antioxidant activities in vitro. However, in complex biological systems, they exhibit additional properties which are yet poorly understood. Apoptosis is a genetically controlled and evolutionarily conserved form of cell death of critical importance for the normal embryonic development and for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the adult organism. The malfunction of the death machinery may play a primary role in various pathologic processes, leading to proliferative or degenerative diseases. Polyphenols can directly interact with specific steps and/or proteins regulating the ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438713 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438712&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469380%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Uricchio VF The Toxicological database of soil and derived products is a project firstly proposed by the Regional Environmental Authority of Apulia. Such a project aims to provide comprehensive and updated information on the regional environmental characteristics, on the pollution state of the regional soil, on the main pollutants and on the reclaim techniques to be used in case of both non-point (agricultural activities) and point (industrial activities) sources of pollution. The project's focus is on the soil pollution because of the fundamental role played by the soil in supporting the biological cycle. Furthermore, the reasons for the project are related both to the reduction of human health risks due to toxic substances ingestion (these substances are present in some ring... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438712 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438711&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469381%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pavarin RM This paper reports the results of the mortality rate in a retrospective cohort of cocaine addicts enrolled in treatment programs at the SerTs (Drug Addiction Services) of Bologna's metropolitan area from 1989 to December 31, 2004 including 347 subjects, 89% males and 11% females, with an average age of 30.4 years at the time of enrolment (females 29.1 and males 30.6). 15.3% of the subjects had been at least once in jail, 29.4% were also using cannabis, 22.2% alcohol, 25% had a high school degree, 16% were married and 60% were employed. During the follow-up period, 7 deaths have been observed, all in the male population: one caused by AIDS, one by drug overdose, three by vascular diseases, two by injuries and poisonings. The mortality rate was 4.98 per 1000 person-ye... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438711 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1438710&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18469382%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fazzo L, Belli S, Minichilli F, Mitis F, Santoro M, Martina L, Pizzuti R, Comba P, Martuzzi M, Bianchi F Osteoporosis is characterized by a loss of bone mass; the bones become less dense, fragile and prone to fracturing. It is regulated by endocrine-environmental factors with the genetic component accounting for 70% of an individual's variation in bone mass density (BMD). Pathological conditions such as celiac disease (CD) exacerbate the process of bone loss and the presence of osteoporosis in celiac subjects may be the only sign of undiagnosed CD. The interleukins IL-1alpha and IL-1beta are stimulators of bone resorption; the relatives of celiac patients shown the increased IL-1beta supporting the genetic susceptibility. In women osteoporosis is indirectly associated with ear... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1438710 Tue, 13 May 2008 23:21:41 +0100 1438710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=956939&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17938449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hietanen M, Sibakov V Disturbances in hospital devices caused by cellular telephone signals were investigated. The interference sources were GSM900, GSM1800, and TETRA380 phones. The number of medical appliances tested was 23. Most measurements were taken in a semi-anechoic laboratory. To simulate the worst situation, the phones were adjusted to emit at their maximum power levels. No interference was observed if the distance from GSM1800 phone was over 5 cm. Corresponding safety distance for GSM900 phone was 70 cm, and for TETRA phones over 3 m. Hence, the use of GSM1800 type mobile phones can be considered safe, whereas GSM 900 and TETRA phones may cause considerable interference in hospital devices, which can result in life-endangering situations. PMID: 17938449 [PubMed ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=956939 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 13:35:16 +0100 956939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=956938&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17938450%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hanada E Most problems with the electromagnetic environment of medical institutions have been related to radiated electromagnetic fields and have been constructed from reports about electromagnetic interference (EMI) with electronic medical equipment by the radio waves emitted from mobile telephone handsets. However, radiated electromagnetic fields are just one of the elements. For example, little attention has been placed on problems with the electric power source. Apparatus for clinical treatment and diagnosis that use electric power sources have come into wide use in hospitals. Hospitals must pay careful attention to all elements of the electromagnetic environment. Herein, I will show examples of measurements and measuring methods for radiated electromagnetic fields, static... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=956938 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 13:35:16 +0100 956938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=956937&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17938451%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bit-Babik G, Morrissey JJ, Faraone A, Balzano Q The diffusion of wireless technology has caused concerns about interference in the hospital environment. Most hospitals have banned the use of cell phones on their premises although wireless technology can help in delivering time critical help to patients. We discuss some factors of radio frequency (RF) near field interference. These phenomena do not lend themselves easily to theoretical evaluation. It is possible to avert medical equipment interference by performing ad hoc tests. The method requires measurements of electromagnetic fields and the observation of interference events with increasing distance between equipment and RF transmitters. The results are applicable only to the specific testing environment. The ad hoc propose... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=956937 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 13:35:16 +0100 956937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=956936&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17938452%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Calcagnini G, Censi F, Triventi M, Mattei E, Bartolini P Electromagnetic interference with life-sustaining medical care devices has been reported by various groups. Previous studies have demonstrated that volumetric and syringe pumps are susceptible to false alarm buzzing and blocking, when exposed to various electromagnetic sources. The risk of electromagnetic interference depends on several factors such as the phone-emitted power, distance and carrier frequency, phone model and antenna type. The main recommendations and the relevant harmonized standard are also reported and discussed. >From the data available in literature emerges that, for distances lower than 1 m there is a non negligible risk of electromagnetic interferences, although significant differences exists in ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=956936 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 13:35:16 +0100 956936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=956935&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17938453%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study a methodological approach for measuring temperature and local absorption rate (SAR) on thin metallic structures, such as pacemaker (PM) leads, is provided. First preliminary experiments were performed to evaluate the error in temperature and SAR measurements made by fluoroptic(R) temperature probes when the temperature probe is in different contact configuration with the PM lead tip. Our results show how the position of temperature probes affects the temperature and SAR value measured at the lead tip. The transversal contact between the thermal sensor and the lead tip is the configuration which leads to the highest values for temperature and SAR. In the second part of this paper we describe two physical models of a human trunk and an experimental set-up to investigate the inf... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=956935 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 13:35:16 +0100 956935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=956934&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17938454%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tognola G, Parazzini M, Sibella F, Paglialonga A, Ravazzani P This paper reviews the most common sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) with cochlear implants (CI). Particular attention will be given to the description of the mechanisms of electromagnetic interaction with CI; main disturbances caused to CI; relevant scientific investigations; and existing requirements and tests for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) immunity applicable to CI. PMID: 17938454 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=956934 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 13:35:16 +0100 956934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=956933&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17938455%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Della Chiara G, Mariani Primiani V, Moglie F The present contribute describes the investigation about the implantable pacemaker (PM) immunity against high level magnetic interfering fields at 50 Hz that a pacemaker wearer could find in his working environment. To this purpose, a test bench has been set up based on a Helmholtz coil for producing extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields and a heart simulator rightly fed by electric signals that simulate atrium and ventricle signals. A widely diffused PM has been tested, under different operation modes and configurations, for both continuous interfering waves (CW) and variously pulsed interfering waves (PW). Pertaining the obtained results, high levels of CW field, only in unipolar mode, produce a behaviour called 'asynchron... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=956933 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 13:35:16 +0100 956933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=956932&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17938456%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we analyzed the problem of electromagnetic interference (EMI) between mobile telephones and cardiac pacemakers (PM), by looking at the mechanisms by which the radiated radio frequency (RF) GSM signal may affect the pacemaker function. From a literature review on this topic, we noticed that older pacemakers had a higher rate of being affected by mobile phones when compared to newer ones. This is probably due to the fact that new generation of PM are more protected against electromagnetic field, being equipped with RF feedthrough filters incorporated to the internal PM circuitry. In some experiments conducted by our group, we found that modulated RF signals are somehow demodulated by the PM internal non-linear circuit elements, if no feedthrough assembly is incorporated inside ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=956932 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 13:35:16 +0100 956932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=956931&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17938457%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vecchia P Biological and health effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been investigated for many years. Exposure standards have been developed internationally, that provide adequate protection against all known adverse effects of exposure to EMF. The guidelines developed by the International Commission on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) are widely recognized and have formed the basis for national regulations in several countries. The two-level structure, with basic restrictions and reference levels, allows the standards to be adapted to virtually any exposure condition, including complex situations at workplaces. However, concerns for hypothesized, but unproven, long-term effects of chronic exposure to low-level EMF have created a demand for precautionary mea... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=956931 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 13:35:16 +0100 956931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=956930&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17938458%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Calcagnini G, Censi F, Bartolini P In this paper, the international standards and the European Regulation on medical devices are discussed, with particular attention to the collateral standards and the particular standards concerning the electromagnetic compatibility and immunity of medical devices. In addition, recommended guidelines to be used by health care organizations to assess the immunity of medical devices to radiated electromagnetic fields from portable radio frequency transmitters are indicated and discussed. As far as electromagnetic immunity of active implantable devices are concerned, the difference between United States and European Union (EU) regulatory frameworks is presented (standard ANSI/AAMI PC69:2000 for US and EN45502-1 framework in EU). Finally, some co... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=956930 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 13:35:16 +0100 956930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=956929&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17938459%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Venettoni S, Grigioni W, Grossi P, Gianelli Castiglione A, Nanni Costa A Limited access to scarce resources, such as organs for transplantation, has increasingly prompted the use of elderly donors, with a consequent growth of possible risk factors linked to their particular features. Acceptable organ quality must therefore be guaranteed, without exposing recipients to unacceptable risks. For this reason, a set of guidelines for assessing donor suitability has been drawn up. This document standardizes the operative steps in the donor evaluation process and provides precise instructions for center staff. A pool of experts is available round the clock to offer advice on doubtful clinical cases. Such measures have allowed more effective use of available donors for transplantation.... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=956929 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 13:35:16 +0100 956929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=956928&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17938460%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Settimi L, Davanzo F, Carbone P, Sesana F, Locatelli C, Farina ML, Maiozzi P, Roazzi P, Maccari F, Macchi L, Fanuzzi A Between 1 February and 31 March 2006, the Poison Control Centers (PPC) active in Lombardy collaborated with an integrated surveillance system carried out in Piedmont during the Olympic Games 2006. The collaborating PPC notified to the system 697 human cases of exposure occurred in Piedmont during the observation period. Among these cases, 70% were exposed accidentally, 40% were 6 years old or younger, and 45% reported at least a clinical effect. The agents more frequently reported were: cleaning substances (household) (110 cases), fumes/gases/vapors (63 cases, comprising 38 cases accidentally exposed to carbon monoxide), and sedative/hypnotics/antipsychotics (... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=956928 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 13:35:16 +0100 956928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=956927&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17938461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cecchi G, Munafò M, Baiocco F, Andreani P, Mancini L This paper describes the application of the Index of Potential Non-point Pollution (PNPI) to the territory of the Viterbo Province (Central Italy). PNPI is a GIS tool that allows managers to assess the pressure on surface aquatic ecosystems deriving from diffuse sources of pollution. The index aims to assemble the available environmental datasets and specialists' expertise to set up a user-friendly and informative tool that can support decision-making processes and foster a multi-disciplinary approach. The index calculation is described and results are reported in order to give an overview of PNPI possible applications. PMID: 17938461 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=956927 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 13:35:16 +0100 956927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=867036&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536161%26dopt%3DAbstract Smokable ("ice", "crystal meth") and non smokable amphetamine-type stimulants: clinical pharmacological and epidemiological issues, with special reference to the UK. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2007;43(1):110-5 Authors: Schifano F, Corkery JM, Cuffolo G "Ice", "crystal meth", is the smokable form of methamphetamine hydrochloride. This paper will comment on the pharmacological, epidemiological, clinical and social issues related to smoking the drug as opposed to either its injection or ingestion. Furthermore, some data related to amphetamines/methamphetamines consumption, request for treatment, seizures, related offences and deaths in the UK (1990-2002) will be offered here. Peak rates, for most indicators, were reached at the end of the '90s, to fall down in the following years. The ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=867036 Thu, 13 Sep 2007 01:43:23 +0100 867036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=746537&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17634660%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gori T, Dragoni S, Di Stolfo G, Forconi S The vascular endothelium has been recognized to have a central importance in maintaining vascular homeostasis and in preventing cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of its function are extremely complex, and are principally determined by physical forces imposed on the endothelium by the flowing blood. In the present paper, we describe the interactions between the rheological properties of blood and the vascular endothelium. The role of shear stress, viscosity, cell-cell interactions, as well as the molecular mechanisms that are important for the transduction of these signals are discussed both in physiology and in pathology, with a particular attention to the role of reactive oxygen species. In the final con... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=746537 Sat, 21 Jul 2007 00:27:42 +0100 746537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=746536&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17634661%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mazzucato M, Santomaso A, Canu P, M Ruggeri Z, De Marco L Fluid-dynamic conditions that are compatible with tensile stress on the bonds between platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha and immobilized Von Willebrand factor A1 domain (VWF-A1) led to Ca++ release from intracellular stores (type alpha/beta peaks), which preceded stationary platelet adhesion. Raised levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibited these [Ca++]i oscillations and prevented stable adhesion. Once adhesion was established through the integrin alphaIIbbeta3, new [Ca++]i oscillations (type gamma) of greater amplitude and duration, and involving a transmembrane ion flux, developed in association with the recruitment of additional platelets into aggregates. We have defined ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=746536 Sat, 21 Jul 2007 00:27:42 +0100 746536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=746535&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17634662%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caimi G, Valenti A, Lo Presti R Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young adults is considered by some authors as an autonomous disease, characterized by peculiar risk factor pattern, clinical course and prognosis. We studied, in a group of 96 patients aged < 46 years with recent AMI, the haemorheological parameters (whole-blood, plasma and serum viscosity, haematocrit, whole-blood filterability and erythrocyte deformability), and the influence of risk factors and coronary lesion extent on them. We re-examined 41 of the AMI patients after 3 and 12 months. At the initial stage, AMI subjects showed a hyperviscosity syndrome, not influenced by the number of risk factors and only slightly more evident in patients with more extensive coronary damage. In the AMI patients re-exam... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=746535 Sat, 21 Jul 2007 00:27:42 +0100 746535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=746534&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17634663%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mannini L, Cecchi E, Fatini C, Marcucci R, Alessandriello Liotta A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Abbate R, Gensini GF Hyperviscosity, due to alterations of blood cells and plasma components, can induce microvascular damage. Nitric oxide (NO) is released by endothelium and plays a crucial role in flow-mediated vasodilation. An impaired availability of NO, due to polymorphisms of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), may influence erythrocyte deformability thus increasing blood viscosity. We investigated haemorheological variables in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL), retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and systemic sclerosis (SSc), as possible models of microvascular damage, and their relationship with eNOS gene T-786C, G894T and 4a/4b polymorphisms. Whole blood visco... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=746534 Sat, 21 Jul 2007 00:27:42 +0100 746534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=746533&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17634664%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Cindio B, Gabriele D, Catapano G, Fata P, Hackel R, Bonofiglio R The blood is a viscoelastic material often studied as a Newtonian or non-linear liquid. Some pathologies and extracorporeal blood treatment processes may affect both the liquid and solid blood component. An adequate rheological technique, able to detect these alterations, may provide clinicians with an important diagnostic aid. Creep tests consisting in the application of a constant stress are very promising because they may roughly separate the liquid-like (i.e., at long response times) from the solid-like (i.e., at short response times) component of the blood rheological behaviour. In this paper, some preliminary results obtained in creep tests on healthy and uremic individuals are reported showing the poten... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=746533 Sat, 21 Jul 2007 00:27:42 +0100 746533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=746532&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17634665%26dopt%3DAbstract This study has confirmed the rheologic impairment of SC blood. The TD patients showed a minor heterogeneneity of rheologic behaviour in comparison with NTD patients, because of the normalizing effect of transfusion. The analysis of viscoelastic properties might be an additional useful tool for monitoring transfusional and pharmacological treatments. PMID: 17634665 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=746532 Sat, 21 Jul 2007 00:27:42 +0100 746532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=746531&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17634666%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ballestri M, Ferrari F, Magistroni R, Mariano M, Ceccherelli GB, Milanti G, De Palma M, Albertazzi A Therapeutic plasma exchange is an extra-corporeal technique able to remove from blood macromolecules and/or replace deficient plasma factors. It is the treatment of choice in hyperviscosity syndrome, due to the presence of quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal plasma proteins such as paraproteins. In spite of a general consensus on the indications to therapeutic plasma exchange in hyperviscosity syndrome, data or guide lines about the criteria to plan the treatment are still lacking. We studied the rheological effect of plasma exchange in 20 patients with plasma hyperviscosity aiming to give data useful for a rational planning of the treatment. Moreover, we verified the clin... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=746531 Sat, 21 Jul 2007 00:27:42 +0100 746531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=746530&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17634667%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reverberi R, Govoni M, Verenini M The irradiation of blood components with X or gamma rays is necessary to prevent the graft-versus-host disease, but it also provokes untoward effects. In particular, red cells are damaged and have a decreased in vivo recovery, an increased in vitro haemolysis, and a leakage of potassium in the supernatant. The results of the clinical studies show that the loss of viability progressively increases with the storage after irradiation. On the other hand, the storage before irradiation is inconsequential. The mechanism through which irradiation causes the loss of viability is unknown, but a critical examination of the literature and our results indicate that the erythrocyte deformability is the only parameter related to viability to show sufficient... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=746530 Sat, 21 Jul 2007 00:27:42 +0100 746530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=746529&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17634668%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tomaiuolo G, Preziosi V, Simeone M, Guido S, Ciancia R, Martinelli V, Rinaldi C, Rotoli B The deformability of red blood cells flowing in microvessels is essential to maintain optimal blood circulation and to allow gas transfer between blood and tissues. Here, we report on an experimental methodology to investigate the deformability of RBCs flowing in microcapillaries having diameter close to the average cell size. The microcapillaries are placed in a rectangular flow cell, where a suspension of RBCs, properly diluted in albumin-additioned ACD, is fed through a syringe under the action of a liquid head in the physiological range. Video microscopy images of the flowing RBCs are acquired at high magnification and later processed by an automated image analysis macro. It was found... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=746529 Sat, 21 Jul 2007 00:27:42 +0100 746529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=648393&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536148%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mordini E, Petrini C This paper discusses the social and ethical aspects of biometrics, using mainly a historical approach. A description is provided as regards the origins and development of the word. Reference is made to the various ways in which it has been interpreted, sometimes very different one from another, and finally to the meaning currently attached to it. The most relevant ethical and social implications are highlighted by giving a brief overview of the contents of the main institutional documents produced both on an international and domestic level in the various countries. The analyses contained in these reports also bring to the fore the main challenges which society shall have to deal with, in the near future and on a long-term basis, as a consequence of the ex... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=648393 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 20:14:38 +0100 648393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=648392&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536149%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marx GT The new social surveillance can be defined as scrutiny through the use of technical means to extract or create personal or group data, whether from individuals or contexts. Examples include: video cameras; computer matching, profiling and data mining; work, computer and electronic location monitoring; biometrics; DNA analysis; drug tests; brain scans for lie detection; various forms of imaging to reveal what is behind walls and enclosures. There are two problems with the new surveillance technologies. One is that they don't work and the other is that they work too well. If the first, they fail to prevent disasters, bring miscarriages of justice, and waste resources. If the second, they can further inequality and invidious social categorization; they chill liberty. Thes... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=648392 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 20:14:38 +0100 648392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=648391&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536150%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lodge J This paper examines an area of EU policy where the application of information and communication tecnology (ICT) poses acutely difficult problems for policymakers: freedom, security and justice. It focuses on the absence of an ethical debate about the adoption of ICT-based instruments in this area. It highlights the implausibility of simply adopting codes of ethical practice from the health sector to close the public trust deficit. It argues that health and justice professionals need to cooperate in order to create a code of ethical e-governance fit for an e-governance age. PMID: 17536150 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=648391 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 20:14:38 +0100 648391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=648390&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536151%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Redpath J This paper will focus on the impact of the rapid expansion in the use of biometric systems in migration management on the rights of individuals; it seeks to highlight legal issues for consideration in implementing such systems, taking as the starting point that the security interests of the state and the rights of the individual are not, and should not be, mutually exclusive. The first part of this paper briefly describes the type of biometric applications available, how biometric systems function, and those used in migration management. The second part examines the potential offered by biometrics for greater security in migration management, and focuses on developments in the use of biometrics as a result of September 11. The third part discusses the impact of the u... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=648390 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 20:14:38 +0100 648390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=648389&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536152%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johnson P, Williams R The recent loss of confidence in textual and verbal methods for validating the identity claims of individual subjects has resulted in growing interest in the use of biometric technologies to establish corporeal uniqueness. Once established, this foundational certainty allows changing biographies and shifting category memberships to be anchored to unchanging bodily surfaces, forms or features. One significant source for this growth has been the "securitization" agendas of nation states that attempt the greater control and monitoring of population movement across geographical borders. Among the wide variety of available biometric schemes, DNA profiling is regarded as a key method for discerning and recording embodied individuality. This paper discusses the ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=648389 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 20:14:38 +0100 648389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=648388&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536153%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van der Ploeg I "Genetics" is a term covering a wide set of theories, practices, and technologies, only some of which overlap with the practices and technologies of biometrics. In this paper some current technological developments relating to biometric applications of genetics will be highlighted. Next, the author will elaborate the notion of the informatization of the body, by means of a brief philosophical detour on the dualisms of language and reality, words and things. In the subsequent sections she will then draw out some of the questions relevant to the purposes of Biometrics Identification Technology Ethics (BITE), and discuss the ethical problems associated with the informatization of the body. There are, however some problems and limitations to the currently dominant ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=648388 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 20:14:38 +0100 648388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=648387&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536154%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mordini E, Ottolini C Identity is important when it is weak. This apparent paradox is the core of the current debate on identity. Traditionally, verification of identity has been based upon authentication of attributed and biographical characteristics. After small scale societies and large scale, industrial societies, globalization represents the third period of personal identification. The human body lies at the heart of all strategies for identity management. The tension between human body and personal identity is critical in the health care sector. The health care sector is second only to the financial sector in term of the number of biometric users. Many hospitals and healthcare organizations are in progress to deploy biometric security architecture. Secure identification ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=648387 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 20:14:38 +0100 648387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=648386&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536155%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gutwirth S The overall aim of the democratic constitutional state is to protect a social order in which the individual liberty of the citizen is a major concern. As a consequence the democratic constitutional state should guarantee simultaneously and paradoxically a high level of individual freedom and an order in which such freedom is made possible and guaranteed. Biometrics provide a strong and expressive example both of the necessity to address the issue of opacity and transparency and the complexity of the process. Indeed, the large scale use of biometrics does not only question the position of the individual in society, but it also alters the architecture or nature of this society as such. PMID: 17536155 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanit... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=648386 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 20:14:38 +0100 648386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=648385&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536156%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pisani G, Marino F, Cristiano K, Bisso GM, Mele C, Luciani F, Wirz M, Gentili G, Group NC We organised a collaborative study to calibrate three new ISS reference preparations (ISS: Istituto Superiore di Sanità), one for HCV RNA, one for HIV RNA and one for HBV DNA, to be used for nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAT) in blood testing. Serial dilution of the ISS reference preparations and the respective international standards were tested in different days by each participating laboratory using two commercial NAT assays. Data were collected by the ISS for statistical analysis. Based on the mean potency of the HCV RNA and HIV RNA preparations, calculated from the results provided by the 12 participating laboratories, a definitive concentrations of 5700 IU/mL and 4000 IU/m... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=648385 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 20:14:38 +0100 648385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=648384&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536157%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buongiorno AM, Morelli S, Sagratella E, Sensi M, Maroccia E, Caiola S, Vasta M To verify whether a diabetes family history might be a risk factor for the development, in adult age, of metabolic disorders, leptin, anthropometric and endocrine parameters were analysed in 95 babies with grandparents affected by type 2 diabetes (DF) and in 95 matched babies without diabetes family history (NDF). A sexual dimorphism for leptin was present in the NDF group (males: 6.7+/-4.1 ng/ml; females: 12.3+/-6.5; p < 0.0001) but not in the DF group (males: 9.0+/-5.5; females: 10.8+/-6.4), due to the significant increase in DF male leptin level, compared to that of NDF males (p < 0.05). In DF males only, leptin was positively correlated with body length, PI, C-peptide, IGF-1 and IGF1BP3.Th... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=648384 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 20:14:38 +0100 648384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=648383&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536158%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Longo B, Pantosti A, Luzzi I, Placanica P, Gallo Agapito Tarasi S, Di Sora F, Monaco M, Dionisi AM, Volpe I, Montella F, Cassone A, Rezza G We investigated an outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a hospital in Rome, Italy. The outbreak involved 14 patients whose isolates were most frequently recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage. All isolates were multidrug-resistant and showed diminished susceptibility or resistance to carbapenems. A. baumannii strains with a similar antibiotic susceptibility pattern were isolated from the environment. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified a single clone from both the patients' and environmental isolates. Because of the lack of a single source of infection, the eradication of the epidemic required a br... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=648383 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 20:14:38 +0100 648383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=648382&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536159%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sangiorgi G, Melzi G, Agostoni P, Cola C, Clementi F, Romitelli P, Virmani R, Colombo A The implantation of coronary stents is a relevant part of interventional procedures for percutaneous revascularization. The wide acceptance of coronary stenting was based on the results of two highly significant trials which have shown the superiority of stenting over balloon angioplasty in terms of reduction of angiographic restenosis and need for repeated intervention in focal lesions and large coronary arteries. Since then, the growing use of stent market was impressive. A rapidly increasing number of different stent type with different material and designs has been introduced in the market both for bare metal stent and drug eluting stent. This review will summarize the different compone... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=648382 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 20:14:38 +0100 648382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=648381&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536160%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tura A, Santini P, Longo D, Quareni L We developed a telemedicine instrument for home monitoring of subjects with respiratory diseases. The instrument directly measures blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate, but the most relevant aspect is that it also acts as digital recorder of parameters coming from several external instruments (spirometer, capnometer, NIBP device, etc.). It also connects to all pulmonary ventilators. The instrument main board includes five slots, which are used to insert the measuring boards (saturation and ventilation boards) and the interface boards (connecting the external instruments). Depending on patient's needs, only the proper measuring/interface boards are mounted, thus allowing maximum flexibility and cost saving. The instrument has several I/O ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=648381 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 20:14:38 +0100 648381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=648380&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17536161%26dopt%3DAbstract Smokable ("ice"; "crystal meth") and non smokable amphetamine-type stimulants; clinical pharmacological and epidemiological issues, with special reference to the UK. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2007;43(1):110-115 Authors: Schifano F, Corkery JM, Cuffolo G "Ice", "crystal meth", is the smokable form of methamphetamine hydrochloride. This paper will comment on the pharmacological, epidemiological, clinical and social issues related to smoking the drug as opposed to either its injection or ingestion. Furthermore, some data related to amphetamines/methamphetamines consumption, request for treatment, seizures, related offences and deaths in the UK (1990-2002) will be offered here. Peak rates, for most indicators, were reached at the end of the '90s, to fall down in the following years. Th... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=648380 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 20:14:38 +0100 648380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=327282&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124349%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Binetti R, Longo M, Scimonelli L, Costamagna F In the year 2000 an archive of dangerous preparations was created at the National Health Institute (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), following a principle included in the Directive 88/379/EEC on dangerous preparations, subsequently modified by the Directive 1999/45/EC, concerning the creation of a data bank on dangerous preparations in each European country. The information stored in the archive is useful for purposes of health consumer's and workers protection and prevention, and particularly in case of acute poisonings. The archive is fully informatised, therefore the companies can send the information using the web and the authorized Poison Centres can find the information on the archive using the web. In each Member State diffe... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=327282 Thu, 21 Dec 2006 08:34:02 +0100 327282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=327281&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124350%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mucci N, Alessi M, Binetti R, Magliocchi MG Information relative to about 400 000 cases of human intoxications, registered by nine Italian Poison Centres between 1991 and 1998 is presented. Data have been collected and elaborated in the framework of an European project on improving the prevention and treatment of acute human poisoning (90/C 329/EEC Resolution). Sex, age group, etiological agent, place and circumstances of poisoning and risk estimation are the parameters analyzed for the characterization of this phenomenon. The following conclusions can be summarized from the overall picture. There is a slight prevalence of males over females (50.0% against 45.7%); 1-4 year age group presents the highest risk (37.0%), followed by 20-49 group (25.8%); drugs and household product... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=327281 Thu, 21 Dec 2006 08:34:02 +0100 327281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=327280&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124351%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Della Puppa T, Manfrè S, Grezzi M Poisons centres throughout Italy and Europe vary considerably in terms of their institutions and organisation. The European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT) has laid down the activities that a poisons centre must carry out, specifying minimum and maximum standards required. These directions allow an evaluation of the service provided. In 2002 Milan Poisons Centre began a project aiming to introduce concepts and methodology proper of the quality systems within poisons centres' institutional activity. Concluded, the project resulted in the centre's certification and the documentation of its procedures: this may now contribute to help define the status and activity of poisons centres in Italy. PMID: 17124351... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=327280 Thu, 21 Dec 2006 08:34:02 +0100 327280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=327279&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124352%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Signore L, D'Urbano M, Russo A Data collection at Emergency Departments (ED), especially with regard to toxicological aspects, is usually incomplete; they further deteriorate following the recent diffusion of data processing and retrieval systems, possibly different from region to region. The present paper deals with the setting of a computer program, specific for toxicological patients, easy to access from the general data collection system. PMID: 17124352 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=327279 Thu, 21 Dec 2006 08:34:02 +0100 327279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=327278&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124353%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Botti P, Cipriani F, Dannaoui B, Bravi S, Missanelli A, Epintox G The analysis of 2402 prospective records of subjects consecutively attending eleven Emergency Rooms located in Northern, Central and Southern Italy, during the November 2002-May 2003 period, because of acute intoxication and poisoning (AI), shows that 10 admissions per 1000 are due to AI, accounting at national level for over 240,000 yearly admissions. Six AI of ten are caused by alcohol, alone or in combination with drugs and other poisonings, 2 by drugs and 2 by other types of AI. AI are more frequent among males (65%) and 20-40 ages. AI due to alcohol and drugs are more typical of young males, living in Central and Northern Italy, while those due to medicines are proportionally more represented among females ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=327278 Thu, 21 Dec 2006 08:34:02 +0100 327278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=327277&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124354%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Locatelli C, Petrolini V, Lonati D, Butera R, Bove A, Mela L, Manzo L The availability of antidotes in Italian hospitals has been evaluated through the answers to a specific questionnaire sent to all Italian Emergency Departments, Intensive Care Units, 118 emergency response system, and Poison Centres. Five Poison Centres and, approximately, the 30% of the Emergency Departments and Intensive Care Units of all Italian emergency hospitals answered to the questionnaire. The results point out an insufficient availability of antidotes in the Italian emergency hospitals, with an almost total absence of those necessary for the treatment of less frequent and less known poisonings (e.g. digoxin, industrial agents), also when the antidote is a lifesaving drug. To improve the antidotes a... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=327277 Thu, 21 Dec 2006 08:34:02 +0100 327277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=327276&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124355%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barelli A, Biondi I, Tafani C, Pellegrini A, Soave M, Gaspari R, Annetta MG Italian Poison Centers answer to approximately 100,000 calls per year. Potentially, this activity is a huge source of data for toxicovigilance and for syndromic surveillance. During the last decade, surveillance systems for early detection of outbreaks have drawn the attention of public health institutions due to the threat of terrorism and high-profile disease outbreaks. Poisoning surveillance needs the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of harmonised data about poisonings from all Poison Centers for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality and to improve health. The entity-relationship model for a Poison Center relational database is extre... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=327276 Thu, 21 Dec 2006 08:34:02 +0100 327276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=327275&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124356%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marchi A, Chiossi M, Renier S, Baratta A, Botarelli P, Cardoni G, Crichiutti G, Cuomo B, Da Dalt L, Di Marco M, Donegà S, Lubrano R, Peisino MG, Pescarmona M, Vietti Ramus M, Signore L, Turbacci M, Turrisi A, Francesco A, Valenti M, Vitale A, Zannino L, Knezevitch M, Valent F Acute toxic exposures in childhood are quite a frequent event in Paediatric Emergency Medicine. Despite that, there are few papers about clinical toxicology in children, at least in Italy. This paper is the first that takes into account both epidemiological aspects and clinical features of acute poisoning in children on a national basis. Collected data show the increased use of activated charcoal as a treatment and the use of the short stay observation unit as an appropriate answer to the real clinical s... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=327275 Thu, 21 Dec 2006 08:34:02 +0100 327275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=327274&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124357%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morosini P, Falasca P, De Stefani R, Mengolini B, Cadonna R, Mirabella F, Palumbo G A programme of personal relationships improvement is under way in the town of Trento in Northern Italy. It was decided to carry out a survey to describe the frequency and quality of interpersonal links as a baseline. A questionnaire to assess frequency and quality of interpersonal relationships has been validated (QRI) and a first description of its distribution in a representative sample of Trento population has been achieved. The questionnaire has some interesting original features, in particular it investigates the relationships with relatives in the same ways as with others, gives special attention to neighbours and asks separate judgements about the quality of relationships with different ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=327274 Thu, 21 Dec 2006 08:34:02 +0100 327274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=327273&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124358%26dopt%3DAbstract This article gives an overview of the most recent data on the subject and describe the additional functions that polyphenols can have in biological systems, focusing on their effects on glutathione and its related enzymes. Evidence is provided of a tight connection between exogenous and endogenous antioxidants that appear to act in a coordinated fashion. Experimental data indicate that polyphenols may offer an indirect protection by activating endogenous defense systems. It is reasonable to hypothesize that this is achieved, at least in part, through antioxidant responsive elements (ARE) present in the promoter regions of many of the genes inducible by oxidative and chemical stress. The latest studies strongly suggest that dietary polyphenols can stimulate antioxidant enzyme transcription ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=327273 Thu, 21 Dec 2006 08:34:02 +0100 327273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=327272&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124359%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gainotti S, Petrini C, Spedicato MR The paper discusses opinions on medical errors from the scientific literature and from a survey on 173 medical doctors working in a large hospital (> 500 beds) in Rome (Italy). The study is meant to explore doctors' opinions on professional and/or system responsibility in front of errors. In our hypothesis doctors are more favourable to attribute responsibility to individual carers rather than to institutions, and they are interested in solutions involving relational and communicational enhancements more than in technological or systemic innovations for risk management. The focus of the questionnaire is on errors' frequency, their principal causes and possible remedies, and their emotional impact. The main findings of the survey are prese... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=327272 Thu, 21 Dec 2006 08:34:02 +0100 327272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=327271&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124360%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents the results of man's exposure to formaldehyde, carried out in indoor and outdoor environments in the city of Ferrara. The processes were obtained on average concentration measurements carried out for one month by indoor, outdoor and personal samplings. Concentration values obtained by personal samplings (PE) were compared to both outdoor and indoor values, the latter including domestic and working environments. The results showed that there was a significant difference between formaldeyde concentrations outdoor and PE (p = 0,03 < alpha = 0,05), while a significant difference was not found between indoor and PE. Indoor values (values as average of 38 samples) were 19,5 microg/m3, outdoor ones were 6,9 microg/m3 and PE 19,9 microg/m3. The average indoor value in domest... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=327271 Thu, 21 Dec 2006 08:34:02 +0100 327271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=289473&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124349%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Binetti R, Longo M, Scimonelli L, Costamagna F In the year 2000 an archive of dangerous preparations was created at the National Health Institute (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), following a principle included in the Directive 88/379/EEC on dangerous preparations, subsequently modified by the Directive 1999/45/EC, concerning the creation of a data bank on dangerous preparations in each European country. The information stored in the archive is useful for purposes of health consumer's and workers protection and prevention, and particularly in case of acute poisonings. The archive is fully informatised, therefore the companies can send the information using the web and the authorized Poison Centres can find the information on the archive using the web. In each Member State diffe... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=289473 Sun, 26 Nov 2006 03:46:01 +0100 289473 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=289472&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124350%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mucci N, Alessi M, Binetti R, Magliocchi MG Information relative to about 400 000 cases of human intoxications, registered by nine Italian Poison Centres between 1991 and 1998 is presented. Data have been collected and elaborated in the framework of an European project on improving the prevention and treatment of acute human poisoning (90/C 329/EEC Resolution). Sex, age group, etiological agent, place and circumstances of poisoning and risk estimation are the parameters analyzed for the characterization of this phenomenon. The following conclusions can be summarized from the overall picture. There is a slight prevalence of males over females (50.0% against 45.7%); 1-4 year age group presents the highest risk (37.0%), followed by 20-49 group (25.8%); drugs and household product... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=289472 Sun, 26 Nov 2006 03:46:01 +0100 289472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=289471&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124351%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Della Puppa T, Manfrè S, Grezzi M Poisons centres throughout Italy and Europe vary considerably in terms of their institutions and organisation. The European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT) has laid down the activities that a poisons centre must carry out, specifying minimum and maximum standards required. These directions allow an evaluation of the service provided. In 2002 Milan Poisons Centre began a project aiming to introduce concepts and methodology proper of the quality systems within poisons centres' institutional activity. Concluded, the project resulted in the centre's certification and the documentation of its procedures: this may now contribute to help define the status and activity of poisons centres in Italy. PMID: 17124351... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=289471 Sun, 26 Nov 2006 03:46:01 +0100 289471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=289470&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124352%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Signore L, D'Urbano M, Russo A Data collection at Emergency Departments (ED), especially with regard to toxicological aspects, is usually incomplete; they further deteriorate following the recent diffusion of data processing and retrieval systems, possibly different from region to region. The present paper deals with the setting of a computer program, specific for toxicological patients, easy to access from the general data collection system. PMID: 17124352 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=289470 Sun, 26 Nov 2006 03:46:01 +0100 289470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=289469&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124353%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Botti P, Cipriani F, Dannaoui B, Bravi S, Missanelli A, Epintox G The analysis of 2402 prospective records of subjects consecutively attending eleven Emergency Rooms located in Northern, Central and Southern Italy, during the November 2002-May 2003 period, because of acute intoxication and poisoning (AI), shows that 10 admissions per 1000 are due to AI, accounting at national level for over 240 000 yearly admissions. Six AI of ten are caused by alcohol, alone or in combination with drugs and other poisonings, 2 by drugs and 2 by other types of AI. AI are more frequent among males (65%) and 20-40 ages. AI due to alcohol and drugs are more typical of young males, living in Central and Northern Italy, while those due to medicines are proportionally more represented among females ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=289469 Sun, 26 Nov 2006 03:46:01 +0100 289469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=289468&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124354%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Locatelli C, Petrolini V, Lonati D, Butera R, Bove A, Mela L, Manzo L The availability of antidotes in Italian hospitals has been evaluated through the answers to a specific questionnaire sent to all Italian Emergency Departments, Intensive Care Units, 118 emergency response system, and Poison Centres. Five Poison Centres and, approximately, the 30% of the Emergency Departments and Intensive Care Units of all Italian emergency hospitals answered to the questionnaire. The results point out an insufficient availability of antidotes in the Italian emergency hospitals, with an almost total absence of those necessary for the treatment of less frequent and less known poisonings (e.g. digoxin, industrial agents), also when the antidote is a lifesaving drug. To improve the antidotes a... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=289468 Sun, 26 Nov 2006 03:46:01 +0100 289468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=289467&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124355%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barelli A, Biondi I, Tafani C, Pellegrini A, Soave M, Gaspari R, Annetta MG Italian Poison Centers answer to approximately 100 000 calls per year. Potentially, this activity is a huge source of data for toxicovigilance and for syndromic surveillance. During the last decade, surveillance systems for early detection of outbreaks have drawn the attention of public health institutions due to the threat of terrorism and high-profile disease outbreaks. Poisoning surveillance needs the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of harmonised data about poisonings from all Poison Centers for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality and to improve health. The entity-relationship model for a Poison Center relational database is extre... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=289467 Sun, 26 Nov 2006 03:46:01 +0100 289467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=289466&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124356%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marchi A, Chiossi M, Renier S, Baratta A, Botarelli P, Cardoni G, Crichiutti G, Cuomo B, Da Dalt L, Di Marco M, Donegà S, Lubrano R, Peisino MG, Pescarmona M, Vietti Ramus M, Signore L, Turbacci M, Turrisi A, Francesco A, Valenti M, Vitale A, Zannino L, Knezevitch M, Valent F Acute toxic exposures in childhood are quite a frequent event in Paediatric Emergency Medicine. Despite that, there are few papers about clinical toxicology in children, at least in Italy. This paper is the first that takes into account both epidemiological aspects and clinical features of acute poisoning in children on a national basis. Collected data show the increased use of activated charcoal as a treatment and the use of the short stay observation unit as an appropriate answer to the real clinical s... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=289466 Sun, 26 Nov 2006 03:46:01 +0100 289466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=289465&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124357%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morosini P, Falasca P, De Stefani R, Mengolini B, Cadonna R, Mirabella F, Palumbo G A programme of personal relationships improvement is under way in the town of Trento in Northern Italy. It was decided to carry out a survey to describe the frequency and quality of interpersonal links as a baseline. A questionnaire to assess frequency and quality of interpersonal relationships has been validated (QRI) and a first description of its distribution in a representative sample of Trento population has been achieved. The questionnaire has some interesting original features, in particular it investigates the relationships with relatives in the same ways as with others, gives special attention to neighbours and asks separate judgements about the quality of relationships with different ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=289465 Sun, 26 Nov 2006 03:46:01 +0100 289465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=289464&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124358%26dopt%3DAbstract This article gives an overview of the most recent data on the subject and describe the additional functions that polyphenols can have in biological systems, focusing on their effects on glutathione and its related enzymes. Evidence is provided of a tight connection between exogenous and endogenous antioxidants that appear to act in a coordinated fashion. Experimental data indicate that polyphenols may offer an indirect protection by activating endogenous defense systems. It is reasonable to hypothesize that this is achieved, at least in part, through antioxidant responsive elements (ARE) present in the promoter regions of many of the genes inducible by oxidative and chemical stress. The latest studies strongly suggest that dietary polyphenols can stimulate antioxidant enzyme transcription ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=289464 Sun, 26 Nov 2006 03:46:01 +0100 289464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=289463&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124359%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gainotti S, Petrini C, Spedicato MR The paper discusses opinions on medical errors from the scientific literature and from a survey on 173 medical doctors working in a large hospital (> 500 beds) in Rome (Italy). The study is meant to explore doctors' opinions on professional and/or system responsibility in front of errors. In our hypothesis doctors are more favourable to attribute responsibility to individual carers rather than to institutions, and they are interested in solutions involving relational and communicational enhancements more than in technological or systemic innovations for risk management. The focus of the questionnaire is on errors' frequency, their principal causes and possible remedies, and their emotional impact. The main findings of the survey are prese... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=289463 Sun, 26 Nov 2006 03:46:01 +0100 289463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=289462&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124360%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents the results of man's exposure to formaldehyde, carried out in indoor and outdoor environments in the city of Ferrara. The processes were obtained on average concentration measurements carried out for one month by indoor, outdoor and personal samplings. Concentration values obtained by personal samplings (PE) were compared to both outdoor and indoor values, the latter including domestic and working environments. The results showed that there was a significant difference between formaldeyde concentrations outdoor and PE (p = 0,03 < alpha = 0,05), while a significant difference was not found between indoor and PE. Indoor values (values as average of 38 samples) were 19,5 microg/m3, outdoor ones were 6,9 microg/m3 and PE 19,9 microg/m3. The average indoor value in domest... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=289462 Sun, 26 Nov 2006 03:46:01 +0100 289462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=289461&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17124361%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Santarsiero A, Settimo G, Dell'andrea E The purpose of this study, undertaken at a cremator representing an example of current equipment and cremation practices in use in Italy, is to assess the possible mercury emitted during cremation and substantiate the current data available. This paper reports some preliminary results concerning mercury and total particulate matter emissions during three cremation processes. The obtained results gave a mercury concentration ranging from 0.005 to 0.300 mg/m3 and a mercury emission factor ranging from 0.036 to 2.140 g/corpse cremated. The total particulate matter concentration range was 1.0 to 2.4 mg/m3. PMID: 17124361 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=289461 Sun, 26 Nov 2006 03:46:01 +0100 289461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=286838&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033141%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Madeddu G, Calia GM, Lovigu C, Mannazzu M, Maida I, Babudieri S, Rezza G, Mura MS Combined antiretroviral therapy has reduced both AIDS mortality and morbidity. An unknown proportion of patients is identified early and starts therapy before developing AIDS, thus escaping epidemiological surveillance. For this reason it is important to monitor the trend of new diagnoses of HIV infection. From the comparison of patients living in the Province of Sassari with new diagnoses of HIV infection or AIDS in the period 1997-2003 some differences emerge. Males are the most affected, but the difference tends to decrease among new HIV cases. Sexual contact is the most common route of transmission among new HIV diagnoses, whereas the parenteral route prevails among AIDS cases. An increase in... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=286838 Fri, 24 Nov 2006 08:33:02 +0100 286838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=286837&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033142%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Menegon M, Sannella AR, Severini C, Paglia MG, Matteelli A, Caramello P, Severini F, Taramelli D, Majori G The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum drug-resistance, especially chloroquine resistance, represents one of the main obstacles to the control of malaria. Several studies have shown that in P. falciparum the mechanism of chloroquine resistance is linked to specific point mutations in the pfcrt gene of the parasite. In the present study we have analyzed 120 Italian imported malaria cases to evaluate the prevalence of 76T and 220S mutantions in the pfcrt gene. Moreover, the correlation between the presence of pfcrt point mutations and in vitro chloroquine resistance has been evaluated on 25 plasmodial isolates. The results showed a high prevalence of the pfcrt point mutatio... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=286837 Fri, 24 Nov 2006 08:33:02 +0100 286837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=286836&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033143%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pulciani S, Di Lonardo A, Fagnani C, D'Ippolito C, Bomprezzi R, Stazi MA The completion of the Human Genome Project, and the innovations introduced in biotechnology are changing how to study twins. Here, we summarize some molecular studies performed on populations of discordant monozygotic twins (MZ) applying microarrays. Microarrays are an orderly arrangement of high numbers of probes (DNA, RNA or proteins), immobilized onto a matrix. The microarray approach allows a global analysis of gene expression, and therefore might point out the molecular mechanisms of MZ twins' discordance, such as epigenetic mechanisms. The application of microarray to twin studies will help better define, through bioinformatics, the role of genes and environment in the development of human diseases,... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=286836 Fri, 24 Nov 2006 08:33:02 +0100 286836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=286835&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033145%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rea M, Braccini L, Laviola G, Ferri R During the year 2003, the National Register of the Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been implemented in Italy. It was commissioned by the Ministry of Health to the Istituto Superiore di Sanità, which is its leading technical and scientific body, with the aim to set up a sound database gathering detailed information on the prescription of Ritalin at the national level. The latter represents the most diffused elective drug treatment for such an early-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome. To this aim, the more prevalent theories on the pathogenesis of ADHD and the debate on therapy are reviewed and discussed. This paper is aimed at emphasizing that this kind of systematic data gathering of such a Register has not to be meant an... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=286835 Fri, 24 Nov 2006 08:33:02 +0100 286835 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233881&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16801726%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fiorentino D, Coriale G, Spagnolo PA, Prastaro A, Attilia ML, Mancinelli R, Ceccanti M In Italy, little is known about the problems related to alcohol drinking during pregnancy. In this paper, the Italian literature about this subject is briefly reviewed. This first Italian experience of a field study, aimed to the assessment of the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in an area in the Rome province (Lazio region) is reported. This in-field study was performed in the school years 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 in cooperation with American researchers, most from University of New Mexico (Albuquerque), and Italian researchers from University "la Sapienza" of Rome. First grade children (n(o) = 1,086) of primary school were contacted to ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233881 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233880&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16801728%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aggazzotti G, Righi E, Patorno E, Fantuzzi G, Fabiani L, Giuliani AR, Grappasonni I, Petrelli F, Ricciardi W, La Torre G, Sciacca S, Angelillo I, Bianco A, Nobile C, Gregorio P, Lupi S, Perlangeli V, Bonazzi C, Laviola F, Triassi M, Iorfida E, Montegrosso S, Rivosecchi P, Serra MC, Adorisio E, Gramiccia A, Mura I, Castiglia P, Romano G, Poli A, Tardivo S Emergency departments records from 33 hospitals were reviewed to disclose work-related injuries occurred in teen-subjects living in 14 Italian cities. During January-June 2000, 317 work-related injuries were reported. Male subjects, 17 year old, working in the industrial field, resulted the most affected, probably due to the fact that among young workers this sex and age class is the most represented one. Cluster analysis iden... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233880 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233879&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16801730%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fagnani C, Brescianini S, Medda E, Stazi MA The most important statistical methods currently used for the analysis of twin data are described. The main objective of these methods is to estimate the contribution of the genetic and environmental factors to the variability of normal or pathological human traits, by means of the information obtained from monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. In this context, the concept of heritability becomes relevant. Not only the simple comparison between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, based on measures such as the concordance and the correlation, but also new and more complex approaches are presented, with a special emphasis on the structural equation models, and a synthetic view on the DF-analysis and the correlated frailty models. Some exa... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233879 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233878&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16801731%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we present a case report showing that NGF can induce recovery of a chronic cutaneous ulcer that failed to respond to all available therapies, including autologous skin transplantation. The result showed that topical application of NGF for 3 consecutive months induced skin ulcer healing and reduced the local inflammation. This finding supports and extents previous studies suggesting the cutaneous healing action and the potential therapeutic role of NGF. PMID: 16801731 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233878 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233877&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033130%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tomatis L Experimental chemical carcinogenesis, which included long-term tests in experimental animals,had a dominating role in cancer research between the 1920s and the late 1960s. Two events marked a certain decline of confidence in the ability of experimental results to predict human risks: the incapacity of developing methods to identify agents acting on the different steps of the carcinogenesis process, and the incapacity to reproduce experimentally the strong evidence of carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke provided by epidemiological studies. It was at that time that epidemiologists and biostatisticians developed criteria for assessing the causation of chronic-degenerative diseases relying primarily on epidemiological evidence. In 1969 the International Agency for Research ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233877 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233876&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033131%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Benigni R, Bossa C Chemical carcinogenicity has been the target of numerous attempts to create predictive models alternative to the animal ones, ranging from short-term biological assays (e.g. mutagenicity tests) to theoretical models. Among the theoretical models, the application of the science of structure-activity relationships (SAR) has earned special prominence. The qualitative approach to SAR has lead to the identification of a large number of reactive chemical substructures that are both mutagenic and carcinogenic. More sophisticated developments are the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, that link the physical chemical or structural properties of the molecules to the toxicological endpoints. Both approaches provide strong support to the process... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233876 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233875&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033132%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crebelli R The EU Scientific Committees have considered in the past the use of matematical models for human cancer risk estimation not adequately supported by the available scientific knowledge. Therefore, the advice given to risk managers was to reduce the exposure as far as possible, following the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle. However, ALARA does not allow to set priorities for risk management, as it does not take into consideration carcinogenic potency and level of human exposure. For this reason the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has identified as a priority task the development of a transparent, scientically justifiable and harmonized approach for risk assessment of genotoxic carcinogens. This approach, proposed at the end of 2005, is based on ... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233875 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233875 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233874&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033133%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Binetti R, Costamagna FM, Marcello I In this paper carcinogenicity classification and evaluations case of formaldehyde made by national and international agencies and organizations (such as European Union, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization) both in occupational (such as American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health and Occupational Health and Safety Administration) and non occupational environment (such as United States Environmental Protection Agency) are proposed. The differences in the database and consequently in the conclusion are described in a short historical review since formaldehyde was considered for the first time as regard as health effects. PMID: 17033133 [Pub... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233874 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233873&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033134%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carere A In 2002, public health concerns were raised by Swedish studies showing that relatively high levels of acrylamide were formed during the frying, roasting, or baking of a variety of foods, including potatoes, cereal products and coffee at temperatures above 120 degrees C. Acrylamide possesses a range of hazardous properties, the key effects being carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. Acrylamide is clearly carcinogenic in studies in animals, in which it causes increased tumour incidence at a variety of sites. Although the mechanisms for tumour induction in experimental animals have not yet fully elucidated, the in vivo genotoxicity at gene and chromosome level in somatic and germ cells in rodents cannot be discounted from contributing to... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233873 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233872&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033135%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pasetto R, Bosco MG, Palange S, Comba P, De Santis M, Di Fabio M, Forastiere F, Magrelli F, Castellani G, Perucci CA, Rovetta S, Pirastu R The study objective is to describe cause specific mortality of employees in a plant engaged in production, recovery and refining of catalytic converters located in Rome. Previous epidemiological studies conducted in similar plants are not available. A total of 828 workers (642 males and 186 females) were followed up between 1956 and 31-12-2003. Cause specific standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and 90% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using regional rates for comparison. Among males hired between 1956 and 1993, followed up until 31/12/2003, mortality for all causes (SMR 0,8; 90% CI 0,7-1,0; 85 observed) and all neoplasms (SMR 0,6; 90%... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233872 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233871&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033136%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dogliotti E In 1974 vinyl chloride (VC), a gas used in the plastics industry, was shown to be a human carcinogen, inducing a very rare type of tumor, angiosarcoma of the liver. The same type of tumor was induced in rodents exposed to VC thus providing an excellent model for mechanistic studies. Here, we review the numerous studies on the mechanism of action of VC with particular emphasis on the DNA products induced by this strong alkylating agent. In particular, the genotoxicity, repair mechanisms, in vivo formation and tumor mutation spectra by etheno-adducts will be analysed and possible approaches for future research suggested. PMID: 17033136 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233871 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233870&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033137%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grilli S Tamoxifen (TAM) has been used since early '70s as antitumor agent in the adjuvant therapy of breast carcinoma. The aim was (and is) to reduce the incidence of contralateral breast cancer in primary breast cancer bearing patients. Its efficacy was about 30% when estrogen and progesterone receptors were present in the malignant breast tumor and its use in antitumor therapy is, at the present time, rather correct. Viceversa, the employment of TAM in chemoprevention of breast tumor in healthy and/or at-risk women by more than a decade has been contrasting by many scientists and supporting by others. Indeed, TAM produces not only beneficial effects but also detrimental effects (mainly induction of endometrial cancer). According to the Author of this manuscript, TAM would n... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233870 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233869&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033138%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Terracini B A search has been made through Pubmed-Medline in order to quantify the production of epidemiological studies on the consequences of asbestos in different countries. Worldwide, very little epidemiological knowledge on the consequences of occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos has been gathered in countries known to be the major producers and/or consumers of asbestos. The only exception is Canada, which ranks third among asbestos producers and exports most of its production. A handful of papers carried out in Brazil are briefly commented in order to highlight the difficulties that epidemiological investigations face in developing countries. PMID: 17033138 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita) Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233869 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233868&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033139%26dopt%3DAbstract This study has been addressed to the non neoplastic effects observed in experimental animals exposed to the ELF magnetic fields exposure, giving particular attention to the large and comprehensive data of the two-year NTP (National Toxicology Program) studies. The statistical analysis of non neoplastic incidences, whenever not presented by the study authors, has been carried out in the present study. Only the effects coherently emerging for both the animal genders have been considered; gender specific effects have obviously been separately analysed. The trend analysis has been carried out over the 4 exposure levels (0, 2, 200 muT, and 1000 muT -microTesla) and on the first 3 ones. For 28 dose-response relationships, non neoplastic effects significantly emerged (6 for hyperplasia, 4 for cys... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233868 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233867&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033140%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Verdina A Carcinogenesis is a complex and multistep process starting from initiation to tumor progression. Damage to DNA, induced by the covalent binding of chemical carcinogens on critical DNA segments, reflects exposure and is directly related to tumor formation. For this reason it's very important detect and quantify DNA-adducts by using highly sensitive methods. During the last 30 years sophisticated methods have been developed, in particular immunoassays that have a widespread application in monitoring animal models and human tissues for evidence of carcinogen exposure. In this paper we describe the work done in our laboratory, from the production of antibodies specific for two different carcinogens, 2-Acetylaminofluorene and Benzo[a]pyrene, to their application in chemic... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233867 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233866&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033141%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Madeddu G, Calia GM, Lovigu C, Mannazzu M, Maida I, Babudieri S, Rezza G, Mura MS Combined antiretroviral therapy has reduced both AIDS mortality and morbidity. An unknown proportion of patients is identified early and starts therapy before developing AIDS, thus escaping epidemiological surveillance. For this reason it is important to monitor the trend of new diagnoses of HIV infection. From the comparison of patients living in the Province of Sassari with new diagnoses of HIV infection or AIDS in the period 1997-2003 some differences emerge. Males are the most affected, but the difference tends to decrease among new HIV cases. Sexual contact is the most common route of transmission among new HIV diagnoses, whereas the parenteral route prevails among AIDS cases. An increase in... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233866 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233865&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033142%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Menegon M, Sannella AR, Severini C, Paglia MG, Matteelli A, Caramello P, Severini F, Taramelli D, Majori G The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum drug-resistance, especially chloroquine resistance, represents one of the main obstacles to the control of malaria. Several studies have shown that in P. falciparum the mechanism of chloroquine resistance is linked to specific point mutations in the pfcrt gene of the parasite. In the present study we have analyzed 120 Italian imported malaria cases to evaluate the prevalence of 76T and 220S mutantions in the pfcrt gene. Moreover, the correlation between the presence of pfcrt point mutations and in vitro chloroquine resistance has been evaluated on 25 plasmodial isolates. The results showed a high prevalence of the pfcrt point mutatio... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233865 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233864&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033143%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pulciani S, Di Lonardo A, Fagnani C, D'Ippolito C, Bomprezzi R, Stazi MA The completion of the Human Genome Project, and the innovations introduced in biotechnology are changing how to study twins. Here, we summarize some molecular studies performed on populations of discordant monozygotic twins (MZ) applying microarrays. Microarrays are an orderly arrangement of high numbers of probes (DNA, RNA or proteins), immobilized onto a matrix. The microarray approach allows a global analysis of gene expression, and therefore might point out the molecular mechanisms of MZ twins' discordance, such as epigenetic mechanisms. The application of microarray to twin studies will help better define, through bioinformatics, the role of genes and environment in the development of human diseases,... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233864 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=233863&cid=s_29929_61_f&fid=29929&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17033144%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Passantino A The Protocol on the protection and welfare of animals annexed to the Amsterdam Treaty (1997) establishing the European Community requires that in formulating and implementing agriculture and transport policies, the Community and the Member States shall pay full regard to the welfare requirements of animals. In the field of animal welfare, transport has been, and still is today, cause of much controversy. Council Directive 91/628/EEC, amended by Directive 95/29/EC, constitutes the current Community legislative framework. In the light of experience gained under Directive 91/628/EEC at harmonising Community legislation on the transport of animals, and the difficulties encountered due to the diverse transposition of that Directive at national level, it was more approp... Ann Ist Super Sanita journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=233863 Fri, 13 Oct 2006 23:43:02 +0100 233863