MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Appetite' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 22:31:35 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628655&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22266170%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schneider KL, Panza E, Appelhans BM, Whited MC, Oleski JL, Pagoto SL Abstract We assessed the validity of the emotional eating scale (EES) by examining whether the EES predicted food intake following two negative mood inductions. Participants underwent mood inductions for anxiety, anger and neutral mood, then received snack foods in a sham palatability test. EES anxiety, but not anger, predicted intake. Participants high on EES anxiety consumed more snacks during the anxiety mood induction, whereas participants low on EES anxiety consumed less snacks. Results suggest that EES anxiety is a predictor of anxiety-driven eating and may be used to assess emotional eating when direct observation of intake is not possible. PMID: 22266170 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (So... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628655 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628654&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22266171%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was conducted to examine whether disliked foods can act as contaminants to liked foods during infancy. Participants (aged 18-25months, N=18) were offered a liked food that was touching a disliked food, on the same plate. Their response to this liked food was compared to the infants' response to a control condition; a liked food touching a second liked food. The data show that children were less likely to eat a liked food touching a disliked food, than a like-like control. Of the 18 infants tested, eight children either wanted the disliked food completely removed from the plate, or would not consume the liked food at all (N=2) once it was 'contaminated' by the disliked food. This study was the first to test the anecdotal reports that disliked foods can act as contaminants during ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628654 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628653&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22269792%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hendy HM, Williams KE Abstract The present study examined relationships between mothers' feeding practices and their child demographics such as gender, age, weight status, and family income. This cross-section analysis was conducted using data from 2259 children between 3 and 10years of age who were sampled for the development of the Parent Mealtime Action Scale. No child gender differences were found in mothers' feeding practices. Older children received more Fat Reduction and Many Food Choices, but less Positive Persuasion, Use of Rewards, Insistence on Eating, and Special Meals, with differences in these feeding practices being most notable from before to after school age. Overweight children received less Insistence on Eating and more Fat Reduction than underweight or ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628653 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628658&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265752%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to determine the relationship between child feeding practices, food habits, and anthropometric indicators with cognitive performance of preschoolers aged 4-6years in Peninsular Malaysia (n=1933). Parents were interviewed on socio-demographic background, nutrition knowledge, child feeding practices and food habits. Height and weight of the preschoolers were measured; BMI-for-age, weight-for-age and height-for-age were determined. Cognitive performance was assessed using Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices. The mean monthly household income was RM3610 and 59.6% of parents attained secondary education. Thirty-three percent of parents had good knowledge on nutrition, 39% satisfactory and 28% poor. For child feeding practices, perceived responsibility had the highest mean scor... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628658 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628657&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265753%26dopt%3DAbstract This study explored the efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention for problematic eating behavior. A non-clinical sample of 26 women with disordered eating behavior was randomly assigned to an 8-week MBCT-based eating intervention or a waiting list control group. Data were collected at baseline and after 8weeks. Compared to controls, participants in the mindfulness intervention showed significantly greater decreases in food cravings, dichotomous thinking, body image concern, emotional eating and external eating. These findings suggest that mindfulness practice can be an effective way to reduce factors that are associated with problematic eating behaviour. PMID: 22265753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628657 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628656&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265754%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang WC, Worsley A, Hunter W Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine middle to older aged Australians' healthy eating, eating out, and physical activity behaviours and to investigate their relationships with likely antecedents such as demographics, personal values, health background, and attention to weight and health habits. A mail survey was conducted among a random sample of men and women aged between 38 and 79years; 1105 usable questionnaires were obtained. Structural equation modelling was used to examine relationships between the variables. The results showed that there were distinct relationships between predictive variables and behavioural and BMI outcomes for men and women. For example, healthy eating, eating out behaviours were positively associated with... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628656 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609444&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22248707%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brands B, Egan B, Györei E, López-Robles JC, Gage H, Campoy C, Decsi T, Koletzko B, Raats MM Abstract Nutrition is one of the many factors that influence a child's cognitive development and performance. Understanding the relationship between nutrition and mental performance in children is important in terms of their attainment and productivity both in school and later life. Since parents are seen as nutritional gatekeepers for their children's diets, their views and beliefs are of crucial importance. The present study aims to qualitatively examine parents' perceptions of the relationship between diet and mental performance of children. The study was conducted with a total of 124 parents in four European countries using a semi-structured interview schedule. Parents speak ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609444 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609442&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22248709%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Byrne S, Barry D, Petry NM Abstract Pre-treatment diet and exercise self-efficacies can predict weight loss success. Changes in diet self-efficacy across treatment appear to be even stronger predictors than baseline levels, but research on changes in exercise self-efficacy is lacking. Using data from a pilot study evaluating tangible reinforcement for weight loss (N=30), we examined the impact of changes in diet and exercise self-efficacy on outcomes. Multiple regression analyses indicated that treatment attendance and changes in exercise self-efficacy during treatment were the strongest predictors of weight loss. Developing weight loss programs that foster the development of exercise self-efficacy may enhance participants' success. PMID: 22248709 [PubMed - as supplied... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609442 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609440&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22251461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hartmann AS, Rief W, Hilbert A Abstract To compare laboratory food intake, negative mood and trait impulsivity and their association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and loss of control (LOC) eating in youth (middle childhood to early adolescence). Ninety 10-14year old youths with symptoms of ADHD, symptoms of LOC eating, and control participants took part in a laboratory snack food meal after having rated trait impulsivity. Negative mood was self-reported pre and post snack food meal, while representativeness of eating behavior and liking of the food was assessed post laboratory snack food meal. The ADHD group consumed more snack food than the other groups. Food intake was not influenced by negative mood or trait impulsivity. All groups exhibited a dec... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609440 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609443&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22248708%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Drossard C, Fröhling B, Bolzenius K, Dietrich H, Kunz C, Kersting M Abstract There is evidence that a diet rich in plant foods is protective against cardiovascular disease and cancer, partly attributable to secondary plant metabolites such as anthocyanins, a colourful group of flavonoids. As at present children and adolescents do not consume the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables, one possible way of increasing intake, and particularly intake of anthocyanins, may be an anthocyanin-rich juice, since fruit juice is popular with young Germans. We produced eight different fruit products (six juices, two smoothies), and conducted hedonic tests with participants from the DONALD Study. Paired comparisons showed that most subjects preferred apple to apple-bilberry juice... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609443 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609441&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22248710%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roberto CA, Shivaram M, Martinez O, Boles C, Harris JL, Brownell KD Abstract Numerous front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labeling systems exist, but it is unclear if such labels influence behavior. A single-summary label called Smart Choices (SC) appeared briefly on products in the United States in 2009. The current study aimed to evaluate (1) the influence the SC symbol has on the serving and consumption of cereal; and (2) the impact of providing calorie and serving size information on a FOP label. Two hundred and sixteen adults were randomized to a high-sugar breakfast cereal that had either (1) no label; (2) the SC symbol; or (3) a modified SC symbol with serving size information. Participants rated perceptions of healthfulness, taste, and purchase intent, estimated calor... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609441 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609447&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245723%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miquelon P, Knäuper B, Vallerand RJ Abstract It was recently proposed that one cognitive strategy people might employ to find a balance between fulfilling their immediate desires and adhering to their long-term goals is to activate compensatory beliefs (CBs). CBs are convictions that the negative effects of a behavior can be compensated for by the positive effects of another behavior (e.g., "I can eat this piece of cake now because I will go to the gym tonight".). The purpose of the present research was to examine the motivational determinants and consequences of CBs in weight-loss dieting. It was proposed that autonomous motivation would lessen the activation of CBs. It was further proposed that activating CBs would decrease goal adherence, which, itself, would facilitat... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609447 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609446&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245724%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ibrügger S, Kristensen M, Mikkelsen MS, Astrup A Abstract We conducted two single-blinded randomized crossover acute studies with 24 and 20 subjects, respectively, to compare (I) Control vs. Flax drink; and (II) Flax drink vs. Flax tablets. The subjects were exposed to one of the treatments after an overnight fast, and rated appetite sensation for 120min using visual analog scales (VAS). Hereafter they consumed an ad libitum early lunch to assess energy intake. The treatments were iso-caloric and iso-volumeric: Control: 300mL drink; Flax drink: Control drink with addition flax fiber extract (2.5g of soluble fibers); and Flax tablet: Control drink with flax fiber tablets (2.5g of soluble fibers). Flax drink increased sensation of satiety and fullness compared to Control an... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609446 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609445&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245725%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Genschow O, Reutner L, Wänke M Abstract Based on evidence that the color red elicits avoidance motivation across contexts (Mehta & Zhu, 2009), two studies investigated the effect of the color red on snack food and soft drink consumption. In line with our hypothesis, participants drank less from a red labeled cup than from a blue labeled cup (Study 1), and ate less snack food from a red plate than from a blue or white plate (Study 2). The results suggest that red functions as a subtle stop signal that works outside of focused awareness and thereby reduces incidental food and drink intake. PMID: 22245725 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609445 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609453&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245130%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Törnwall O, Silventoinen K, Keskitalo-Vuokko K, Perola M, Kaprio J, Tuorila H Abstract Genetic contribution to individual differences in sour taste perception and preference was investigated in a cohort of young adult Finnish twins (n=328, 21-25years) including 46 complete monozygotic and 92 dizygotic twin pairs and 52 twin individuals without their co-twin. Responses to sour taste were recorded as pleasantness and intensity ratings of orange juice with added citric acid (4.2g/L) relative to untainted orange juice (sensory traits). Pleasantness and use-frequency of 21 food items varying in sourness were rated in a questionnaire. Three food categories emerged in factor analysis: sour berries and fruits, less-sour berries and fruits, and sour dairy products (questionnaire t... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609453 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609452&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245131%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Soussignan R, Schaal B, Boulanger V, Gaillet M, Jiang T Abstract Whether food liking may be a risk factor of overconsumption and overweight/obesity remains a controversial issue. So far, most studies used subjective reports to assess consummatory behavior, approaches that might overlook subtle or implicit hedonic changes to sensory properties of foods. Therefore, we used a cue-exposure approach by recording different measures of hedonic processes (orofacial reactivity, self-rated pleasantness, food preference) in 6-11years old overweight (n=20) and normal-weight (n=20) children. Children were exposed to the smell and sight of high and low-energy density food stimuli and to non-food stimuli during pre- and post-prandial states. Their facial and verbal responses were videota... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609452 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609451&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245132%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jones CJ, Bryant-Waugh R Abstract Child feeding problems are often associated with parental factors which may influence and maintain difficulties. This paper reports the development, pilot and preliminary evaluation of a group intervention for mothers of children with feeding problems. Themes for the group were derived from a survey of parents and professionals. Three pilot interventions were conducted in order to make an assessment of the feasibility, acceptability and potential for achieving change in levels of maternal mood, parenting stress and concerns related to feeding. While single case analysis revealed little change in standardised measures of mood and parenting stress, participants valued the social and emotional support offered by the group and reported improve... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609451 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609450&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245133%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined whether increasing eating enjoyment and cooking enjoyment might give opportunities to decrease picky eating. Parents (n=305), mainly mothers with children between 6 and 12years of age (53.8% boys; 46.2% girls), completed a questionnaire on pressure and restriction, eating enjoyment, and picky eating, and cooking enjoyment. Path analyses were performed to examine the mediating role of eating enjoyment. The final model provided a good fit to the data and explained 33% variance in picky eating. A strong inverse association between eating enjoyment and picky eating was found (β=-.44). Significant direct effects were found between cooking enjoyment and picky eating (β=-.16) and restriction and picky eating (β=.18). Eating enjoyment partly mediated the association between ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609450 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609449&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245134%26dopt%3DAbstract We report a study designed to investigate the influence of the weight of the container on expected satiety prior to tasting the food within and on the perceived density of the food and any feelings of fullness expected to follow consumption (expected satiation). The results demonstrate that the contents of a heavier container are expected to be more satiating than when exactly the same contents are presented in a visually-identical, but physically lighter, container (even before the food has been tasted). In addition, we were able to validate a "weight-density" illusion, since the weight of the container was shown to influence the perceived density of the sample. Put simply, the heavier the container, the denser the food sample was perceived to be. PMID: 22245134 [PubMed - as supplied ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609449 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609448&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245135%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rigal N, Chabanet C, Issanchou S, Monnery-Patris S Abstract The main objectives of the present study were to validate measures of young children's eating difficulties and maternal feeding practices in a French sample, as well as to assess the links between these practices and children's eating difficulties. Mothers (n=502) of French children aged 20-36months completed four questionnaires that were validated using a Structural Equation Modelling approach. Links between children and maternal components were investigated using a PLS regression. The Children's Eating Difficulties Questionnaire yielded a four-dimension solution: Neophobia, Pickiness, Low Appetite and Low Enjoyment in food. The Feeding Style Questionnaire assessed three dimensions: Authoritarian, Authoritative a... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609448 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5583731&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227066%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee J, Cho HS, Kim DY, Cho JY, Chung JS, Lee HK, Seong NH, Kim WK Abstract Menopause is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise and soy isoflavone diets have been suggested to reduce the risk of CVD in postmenopausal women. We investigated the effects of exercise, or combined exercise and soy isoflavone diet, on plasma lipid profiles, paraoxonase (PON), nitric oxide (NO) and apoptosis in the aorta of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: OVX with general diet (OVX-GD), OVX with isoflavone diet (OVX-ISO), OVX-GD with exercise training (OVX-ET) and OVX-ISO with exercise training (OVX-ISO+ET). The experimental rats undertook treadmill training (30min/day, 4days/week) and/or were supp... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5583731 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5583731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5583730&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227067%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lubans DR, Plotnikoff RC, Morgan PJ, Dewar D, Costigan S, Collins CE Abstract Much of the research on the determinants of dietary behavior has been guided by Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), yet few studies have tested the utility of its proposed structural paths. The aim of this paper was to test the capacity of SCT to explain dietary behaviors in a sample of 357 adolescent girls (13.2±0.5years) from 12 secondary schools located in low-income communities in New South Wales, Australia. Participants completed validated SCT scales assessing nutrition-related self-efficacy, intention, behavioral strategies, family support, situation, outcome expectations, and outcome expectancies. Participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, from which, the percen... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5583730 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5583730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5583733&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222562%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pettigrew S, Roberts M, Chapman K, Quester P, Miller C Abstract The ability of food advertising to trigger food consumption and influence social norms relating to food consumption has resulted in increasing attention being given to the prevalence and nature of food advertising. The present study investigated the use of negative themes in food advertisements aired on Australian television to determine the prevalence of depictions of violence/aggression, mocking, nagging, boredom, loneliness, food craving, mood enhancement, and the emotional use of food across 61days of programming time. The results suggest that advertisers are using negative themes to capture attention and invoke an emotional response in the target audience. Sixteen percent (14,611) of the 93,284 food adver... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5583733 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5583733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5583732&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222563%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Day CJ, McHale S, Francis J Abstract Dietary fat is a fundamental contributor to the selection of food largely due to its pleasant orosensory characteristics. Consequently high fat foods are often over eaten leading to weight gain and in severe cases, obesity. This paper presents two studies investigating preference for fat. Study 1 is a large-scale questionnaire study which produced both UK normative data for the Fat Preference Questionnaire© and the first normative data for males. The results suggest that the Fat Preference Questionnaire© is a reliable and valid measure of fat preference in a UK population, although some changes to the measure are recommended. Female data was found to closely mirror the existing US data. Sex differences were established in scores of pr... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5583732 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5583732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570779&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22210347%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sharf M, Sela R, Zentner G, Shoob H, Shai I, Stein-Zamir C Abstract Nutritional labelling of packaged foods, mandated by law, includes details of the food content and composition - information that can affect individual and public lifestyle decisions and health status. We studied the comprehension of food labels among 120 young adults (mean age 24.1years) attending an international travel immunization clinic. Each participant was presented with 10 food packages of common local products and was interviewed regarding the label's content. Most subjects (77.5%) reported that they took note of the food labels; women, the more educated and those engaging regularly in physical exercise were more inclined to do so. Out of a possible 10 points the overall median comprehension score... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570779 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570778&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22210348%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hingle M, Beltran A, O'Connor T, Thompson D, Baranowski J, Baranowski T Abstract The aim of this study was to explore factors underlying parents' motivations to use vegetable parenting practices (VPP) using the Model of Goal Directed Vegetable Parenting Practices (MGDVPP) (an adaptation of the Model of Goal Directed Behavior) as the theoretical basis for qualitative interviews. In-depth interviews with parents of 3-5-year-old children were conducted over the telephone by trained interviewers following a script. MGDVPP constructs provided the theoretical framework guiding script development. Audio-recordings were transcribed and analyzed, with themes coded independently by two interviewers. Fifteen participants completed the study. Interviews elicited information about poss... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570778 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5555958&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200410%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schulz S, Laessle RG Abstract Aim of the study was to compare the microstructural eating behavior of obese patients with and without binge eating disorder (BED) after stress induction in laboratory. Seventy-one female subjects were investigated (mean BMI 36.9). Thirty-five fulfilled criteria for BED. A 2×2 factorial design with repeated measurement (stress vs. no stress) on the second factor was applied. Stress was induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and chocolate pudding served as laboratory food. Variables of eating behavior were measured by a universal eating monitor (UEM). Only in participants with BED stress was associated with an increase in the initial eating rate and a diminished deceleration of eating at the end of the meal. Generally, BED subjects ate... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5555958 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5555958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5555957&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200411%26dopt%3DAbstract This article studies the inhibition of food-seeking behavior, and how contextual cues can control it. Rats that had free food in the home cage nevertheless learned to lever press for sucrose or high-fat pellets in a distinctive context (a Skinner box). Lever pressing was then inhibited by extinction, in which lever presses no longer produced food. After extinction, inhibited responding was "renewed" when the rats were switched to a different context: in the new context, the rats lever-pressed again, and worked more for food when food was made available. These effects were observed when conditioning, extinction and testing occurred in contexts A, B, and A (respectively) or in A, A, and B. Thus, mere removal from the context in which food-seeking was inhibited initiated a return to food-seek... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5555957 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5555957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5555956&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200412%26dopt%3DAbstract Dietary resilience as described by older community-dwelling adults from the NuAge study "If there is a will -there is a way!" Appetite. 2011 Dec 16; Authors: Vesnaver E, Keller HH, Payette H, Shatenstein B Abstract Many older adults experience age-related changes that can have negative consequences for food intake. Some older adults continue to eat well despite these challenges showing dietary resilience. We aimed to describe the strategies used by older adults to overcome dietary obstacles and to explore the key themes of dietary resilience. The sample was drawn from the five-year Québec Longitudinal Study "NuAge". It included 30 participants (80% female) aged 73-87years; 10 with decreased diet quality and 20 with steady or increased diet quality; all had faced key barrie... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5555956 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5555956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5555955&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200413%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chu YL, Yaw Addo O, Perry CD, Sudo N, Reicks M Abstract Time spent in meal preparation may be indicative of the healthfulness of meals and therefore with weight status. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between amount of time spent preparing meals and meal food group and nutrient content by meal occasion (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) among 1036 midlife women. Participants completed a 1-day food record and eating occasion questionnaires for each meal occasion. ANCOVA was used to identify possible associations. Approximately half of the participants reported spending <5min preparing breakfast and lunch, and <20min preparing dinner. Less time spent preparing breakfast was associated with lower energy and fat intakes (p<0.0001), while less time... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5555955 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5555955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5555959&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22198318%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Torres-Moreno M, Tarrega A, Torrescasana E, Blanch C Abstract The aim of the present work was to study how the information on product labels influences consumer expectations and their acceptance and purchase intention of dark chocolate. Six samples of dark chocolate, varying in brand (premium and store brand) and in type of product (regular dark chocolate, single cocoa origin dark chocolate and high percentage of cocoa dark chocolate), were evaluated by 109 consumers who scored their liking and purchase intention under three conditions: blind (only tasting the products), expected (observing product label information) and informed (tasting the products together with provision of the label information). In the expected condition, consumer liking was mainly affected by the br... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5555959 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5555959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542148&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22185787%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Uggioni PL, Salay E Abstract Validated and reliable instruments for measuring consumer attitudes regarding food quality certifications are lacking, but the measurement of consumer attitude could be an important tool for understanding consumer behavior. Thus the objective of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring consumer attitudes regarding private food safety certifications for commercial restaurants. To this end, the following steps were carried out: development of the interview items; complete pilot testing; item analyses (influence of social desirability and total-item correlation); reliability test (internal consistency and test-retest); and validity assessment (content and discriminative validity and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis). The s... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542148 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5542148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542149&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22182829%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brunner TA Abstract Dyads composed of unacquainted females (n=82) watched a cartoon while consuming salty aperitif snacks. The Affective Communication Test was used to measure nonverbal expressiveness. Computing intraclass correlation coefficients, the extent to which participants within dyads matched each other's food intake was analyzed. Food intake matched highly for dyads with two expressive individuals and moderately for dyads with one expressive participant. For dyads with two unexpressive participants, there was no evidence for matching behavior. Highly expressive people seem to be able to synchronize with others and thereby allow for close matching. This is the first study to show an influence of personality on matching consumption behavior. PMID: 22182829 [Pub... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542149 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5542149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542152&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178007%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cruwys T, Platow MJ, Angullia SA, Chang JM, Diler SE, Kirchner JL, Lentfer CE, Lim YJ, Quarisa A, Tor VW, Wadley AL Abstract The present study demonstrates the utility of a social identity analysis of social influence in predicting eating behavior. In a laboratory experiment, female undergraduate students observed a confederate who appeared to have eaten a large or small amount of popcorn. The confederate was presented as either a fellow in-group member of a salient identity (same university) or an out-group member (another tertiary institution). Results supported the hypothesis that modeling of eating behavior only occurs for psychologically salient in-group members; there was no modeling of out-group members' eating. These data also provide clear evidence of a psychologi... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542152 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5542152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542151&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178008%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rudenga KJ, Small DM Abstract Controversy exists over whether exposure to artificial sweeteners degrades the predictive relationship between sweet taste and its post-ingestive consequences. Here we tested whether brain response to caloric sucrose is influenced by individual differences in self-reported artificial sweetener use. Twenty-six subjects participated in fMRI scanning while consuming sucrose solutions. A negative correlation between artificial sweetener use and amygdala response to sucrose ingestion was observed. This finding supports the hypothesis that artificial sweetener use may be associated with brain changes that could influence eating behavior. PMID: 22178008 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542151 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5542151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542150&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178649%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pigeyre M, Duhamel A, Poulain JP, Rousseaux J, Barbe P, Jeanneau S, Tibère L, Romon M Abstract Although the prevalence of obesity is higher in low socioeconomic position (SEP), the relationship between SEP and body mass index (BMI) differs according to gender. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between BMI and SEP according to gender and explore the weight-related behaviors. In a cross-sectional survey, 1646 French adults were weighed and answered a questionnaire about eating behavior (DEBQ), SEP markers, ideal weight perception, physical activity and smoking. Our study showed that BMI was inversely correlated with SEP score in women only, independently of other BMI-associated factors (age, restrained eating, smoking status, TV viewing and physi... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542150 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5542150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520383&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22172455%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Timko CA, Juarascio A, Chowansky A Abstract The current study was designed to test potential caloric and macronutrient counter-regulation or compensation amongst 76 participants who participated in a milkshake preload experiment. Participants completed food diaries for 2days before and 2days after participating in the pre-load experiment. It was hypothesized that dieters and restrained eaters might respond to the pre-load by compensating or counter-regulating food consumption during the rest of the day following the experiment, and on the 2days post-experiment. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in caloric or macronutrient consumption between the experimental and control groups on the days after the experiment. There were also no interaction betwe... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520383 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520385&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22166676%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kishinevsky FI, Cox JE, Murdaugh DL, Stoeckel LE, Cook EW, Weller RE Abstract Obesity can be accompanied by abnormalities in executive function and related neural circuitry. A useful task for studying executive function is delay discounting (DD), in which an individual chooses between sooner and delayed, but greater, amounts of money or other commodities. We previously found that obese compared to normal-weight women made more immediate choices on a monetary DD task, or had greater delay discounting. In the present study, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of obese women during performance of a DD of money task. Confirming the results of previous studies, we found that more difficult compared to easy DD trials resulted in activation in putative execu... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520385 Sun, 04 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520384&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22166677%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Groesz L, McCoy S, Carl J, Saslow L, Stewart J, Adler N, Laraia B, Epel E Abstract Non-human animal studies demonstrate relationships between stress and selective intake of palatable food. In humans, exposure to laboratory stressors and self-reported stress are associated with greater food intake. Large studies have yet to examine chronic stress exposure and eating behavior. The current study assessed the relationship between stress (perceived and chronic), drive to eat, and reported food frequency intake (nutritious food vs. palatable non-nutritious food) in women ranging from normal weight to obese (N=457). Greater reported stress, both exposure and perception, was associated with indices of greater drive to eat-including feelings of disinhibited eating, binge eating, hu... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520384 Sun, 04 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520380&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22172456%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether children's changes in salivary habituation to food vary based on weight status and/or allocating attention to a task. Children (31 non-overweight and 26 obese, ages 9-12year) were presented with nine trials of a food stimulus and either listened to an audiobook (attention-demanding) or white noise (no-attention control). The salivary pattern differed significantly by weight status but not by condition or a condition by weight status interaction. This is the first study of salivary habituation in obese children; findings dovetail with an emerging set of evidence that obese individuals display distinctive biological responses to food. PMID: 22172456 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520380 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501226&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142508%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jokisch E, Coletta A, Raynor HA Abstract Acute energy and macronutrient intake following an Exercise and Control protocol was compared to determine if active, normal-weight males regulate acute energy intake better, demonstrating more acute accurate energy compensation capabilities, than inactive, normal-weight males after exercise. Males (21.2±1.9years) of normal percent body fat (10.0-18.0%) and body mass index (23.4±1.7kg/m(2)), exercising ⩾150min/week (Active: n=10) or ⩽60min/week (Inactive: n=10), completed two protocols, counterbalanced across participants. The exercise protocol (Exercise) was 45-min on a cycle ergometer and the Control protocol consisted of 45-min of reading. Sixty minutes after protocols, an ad libitum meal was provided. Energy and macronutri... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501226 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501226 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501225&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142509%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lohse B, Bailey RL, Krall JS, Wall DE, Mitchell DC Abstract Women participants of two federally administered nutrition education programs (n=149, 56% white, 64% food secure, 86% 18-50years of age,) completed telephone interviews that included three 24-hour dietary recalls and the Satter Eating Competence Inventory. Eating competence is delineated by an Inventory score⩾32. Competent eaters had significantly greater intakes of fiber, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, most B-vitamins, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium and a higher Healthy Eating Index. Two dietary patterns defined as Prudent and Western were observed. The Prudent pattern was correlated with eating competence and characterized by more healthful foods such as fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products. The W... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501225 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501224&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142510%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meule A, Vögele C, Kübler A Abstract Cognitive bias to food-cues and cardiac autonomic dysregulation have both been related to disordered eating behavior in previous research. The present study investigated two possible measures of self-regulatory ability in restrained eaters: resistance to distractor interference and vagal-cardiac control. Young women (N=47) performed a flanker task involving high caloric food-cues or neutral pictures. Vagal-cardiac activity was calculated from baseline heart rate recordings at rest. Restrained eaters did not differ from unrestrained eaters in resistance to distractor interference. However, restrained eaters showed shorter reaction times to high-calorie food-cues as compared to neutral pictures than unrestrained eaters. This attentional... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501224 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501229&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138114%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether exposure to cues of attractive food reduces effortful behavior toward healthy foods for restrained eaters. After manipulating food pre-exposure, we recorded handgrip force while presenting participants with pictures of healthy food objects. Because participants were led to expect that they could obtain each object (not specified beforehand) by squeezing the handgrip as forcefully as possible while the object was displayed on the screen, the recorded handgrip force constitutes a measure of spontaneous effortful behavior. Results show that restrained eaters, but not unrestrained eaters, displayed less forceful action toward healthy food objects (i.e., lower exertion of force) when pre-exposed to tempting food cues. No effects were found on palatability perceptions of the ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501229 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501229 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501228&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138115%26dopt%3DAbstract This study proposes that snacking behaviour may be either reflective and deliberate or impulsive, thus following a dual-process account. We hypothesised that chronic individual differences in food related self-control would moderate the relationships between reflective and impulsive processes. The reflective route was represented by an attitude toward unhealthy snacking, while the impulsive route was represented by the tendency to buy snack on impulse. A web survey was conducted with 207 students and employees at a Norwegian university, and a moderated hierarchical regression analysis using structural equation modelling was used to estimate the theoretical model. The findings showed that both attitudes towards unhealthy snacking and impulsive snack buying tendency were positively related t... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501228 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501227&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138702%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Verbeken S, Braet C, Lammertyn J, Goossens L, Moens E Abstract Previous research assumes that there are two seemingly opposing hypotheses for the relation between reward sensitivity (RS) and bodyweight: hyper-responsiveness model and Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS), leading to the proposition of a feed forward process of weight gain. High RS may contribute to overeating and weight-gain among normal weight individuals. Over time the excessive food-intake may evolve in a down-regulation of dopamine (RDS), resulting in overeating as a form of self-medication and the progression to obesity. This process was evidenced in adults showing a curvi-linear relationship between self-reported RS and BMI. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between self-repo... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501227 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501230&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22133361%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boyland EJ, Harrold JA, Kirkham TC, Halford JC Abstract The aim of this study was to quantify the nature and extent of use of persuasive marketing techniques in television advertisements (adverts) to promote foods to children. Popular UK commercial television channels broadcasting children's/family viewing were recorded for 2days (6am-10pm) every month in 2008 and recordings were screened for adverts. Eighteen thousand eight hundred and eighty eight adverts were for food and these were coded for peak/non-peak children's viewing time and representation of core (healthy)/non-core (unhealthy)/miscellaneous foods. The analysis assessed use of persuasive appeals, premium offers, promotional characters (brand equity and licensed characters), celebrity endorsers and website promo... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501230 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501230 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501232&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22127269%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Toma L, Stott AW, Revoredo-Giha C, Kupiec-Teahan B Abstract This paper analyses the impact of a priori identified determinants on stated willingness to change usual place of shopping in order to be able to buy more animal welfare friendly food products of consumers in nine European Union countries. We used Eurobarometer data and structural equation models with observed and latent variables. The results show that the ranking of determinants' impact on stated willingness to change usual place of shopping in order to be able to buy more animal welfare friendly food products is similar in the majority of models. Access to information on animal welfare issues was found to be the strongest determinant. This is followed by perceived responsibility of consumers as regards producti... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501232 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501231&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22127270%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scholey A, Downey LA, Ciorciari J, Pipingas A, Nolidin K, Finn M, Wines M, Catchlove S, Terrens A, Barlow E, Gordon L, Stough C Abstract Green tea is reported to have wide ranging beneficial health outcomes across epidemiological studies, which have been attributed to its flavonoid content. We investigated whether the flavonoid epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) modulates brain activity and self-reported mood in a double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study. Participants completed baseline assessments of cognitive and cardiovascular functioning, mood and a resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) before and then 120min following administration of 300mg EGCG or matched placebo. EGCG administration was associated with a significant overall increase in alpha, beta and theta... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501231 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501238&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22119478%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hughes SO, Cross MB, Hennessy E, Tovar A, Economos CD, Power TG Abstract Researchers use the Caregiver's Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ) to categorize parent feeding into authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and uninvolved styles. The CFSQ assesses self-reported feeding and classifies parents using median splits which are used in a substantial body of parenting literature and allow for direct comparison across studies on dimensions of demandingness and responsiveness. No national norms currently exist for the CFSQ. This paper establishes and recommends cutoff points most relevant for low-income, minority US samples that researchers and clinicians can use to assign parents to feeding styles. Median scores for five studies are examined and the average across these st... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501238 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501237&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22119479%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Szakály Z, Szente V, Kövér G, Polereczki Z, Szigeti O Abstract The main objective of this survey is to reveal the relationship between lifestyle, health behavior, and the consumption of functional foods on the basis of Grunert's food-related lifestyle model. In order to achieve this objective, a nationwide representative questionnaire-based survey was launched with 1000 participants in Hungary. The results indicate that a Hungarian consumer makes rational decisions, he or she seeks bargains, and he wants to know whether or not he gets good value for his money. Further on, various lifestyle segments are defined by the authors: the rational, uninvolved, conservative, careless, and adventurous consumer segments. Among these, consumers with a rational approach provide the p... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501237 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501236&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22119480%26dopt%3DAbstract This study showed that a short-term intake of dark chocolate might improve the lipoprotein profile in healthy humans, more so in women than in men, and this might exert a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. PMID: 22119480 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501236 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501235&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22120062%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Anzman-Frasca S, Savage JS, Marini ME, Fisher JO, Birch LL Abstract Most young children do not meet current dietary recommendations, consuming too many energy-dense foods and too few nutrient-dense foods like vegetables. We compared two approaches to increasing children's liking of vegetables by having them repeatedly taste small portions vegetables that were initially not liked, presented either alone (repeated exposure; RE) or with a liked dip (associative conditioning; AC). We first conducted a between-subjects experiment, where classrooms at a childcare center were each assigned a vegetable that most children did not like, and individual children were assigned to either the RE or AC condition. A second experiment was conducted to test whether the same results would be ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501235 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501234&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22123609%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hendy HM Abstract College students (n=44) completed seven-day records of foods and moods. Nutritionist™ software measured daily nutrition scores including calories, carbohydrates, saturated fat, and sodium. Hierarchical stepwise multiple regression (controlling for gender, restrained eating) revealed that nutrition scores were more consistently associated with negative moods than positive moods, and with moods across a two-day span rather than a one-day span as typically studied in past research. The more calories, saturated fat, and sodium consumed by the students, the more negative mood they reported 2days later. Results suggest that foods come first in the temporal sequence of food-mood relationships. PMID: 22123609 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: App... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501234 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501233&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22123610%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gray G, Miles C, Wilson N, Jenks R, Cox M, Johnson AJ Abstract Uncertainty exists with respect to the extent to which chewing gum may attenuate stress-induced rises in cortisol secretion (Johnson, Jenks, Miles, Albert, & Cox, 2011; Scholey et al., 2009; Smith, 2010). The present study used the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST: Kirschbaum, Pirke, & Hellhammer, 1993), a task known to elevate cortisol secretion (Kudielka, Schommer, Hellhammer, & Kirschbaum, 2004), in order to examine the moderating physiological and subjective effects of chewing gum on social stress. Forty participants completed the TSST either with or without chewing gum. As expected, completion of the TSST elevated both cortisol and subjective stress levels, whilst impairing mood. Although gum mod... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501233 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5501233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448386&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100487%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bryan J, Tuckey M, Einöther SJ, Garczarek U, Garrick A, De Bruin EA Abstract The aim of this research was to examine relationships between tea, coffee and other beverage consumption and associates of work performance and mood among individuals in relatively stressful and cognitively demanding work-place settings. Using a naturalistic, cross-sectional study design, 95 professional and academic staff logged their beverage intake and completed self-reports of associates of work performance (fatigue/exhaustion, mindfulness, work engagement), subjective work performance, mood, work-related strain and recovery four times daily during ten working days. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling in keeping with the hierarchical structure of the data. Tea consumption was associ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448386 Sat, 12 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5448386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448384&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22108669%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) isolated or combined with aerobic exercise influenced the desire to eat, hunger, and satiety in overweight subjects. Nine volunteers underwent anodal or sham tDCS (2mA; 20min) over DLPFC and isocaloric exercise bouts (70%VO(2)R; ∼200kcal). The appetite sensations were evaluated by visual analogue scales at four moments: I - Baseline; II - After tDCS; III - Post-Exercise and IV - 30-min Post-Exercise. The tDCS on left DLPFC decreased the desire to eat at baseline (tDCS -26% vs. -14% Sham). The tDCS associated with exercise had greater suppressing effect in desire to eat compared to either tDCS or exercise alone (tDCS -39% vs. -27% Sham). Moreover, the tDCS associated wi... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448384 Sat, 12 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5448384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448385&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100660%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arguin H, Gagnon-Sweeney M, Pigeon E, Tremblay A Abstract The aim of this study was to verify if the addition of satiating nutrients and a satiating context effect could influence appetite sensations, spontaneous energy intake and food appreciation under conditions of standardized energy density of a meal. Eighteen non-obese men were submitted to a control, a satiating, and a context effect condition composed of a standardized breakfast and an ad libitum test lunch (macaroni entrée plus chocolate cake). The satiating macaroni contained more proteins, unsaturated fats, fibres and calcium than the control macaroni despite similar energy density, appearance and palatability. In the context effect condition, participants believed they were eating "a highly satiating macaroni"... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448385 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5448385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448389&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100186%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cardel M, Willig AL, Dulin-Keita A, Casazza K, Mark Beasley T, Fernández JR Abstract Parental feeding practices have been associated with children's weight status, but results have been inconsistent across populations. Research is needed to elucidate the relationship between parental feeding practices and adiposity in diverse populations. The present study tested if: (1) parental feeding practices differed by race/ethnicity, (2) parental pressure to eat and parental restriction were associated with adiposity levels, and (3) to investigate the relationship between parental feeding practices and/or child adiposity with socioeconomic status (SES). Structural equations modeling was conducted to test the model in 267 children aged 7-12years self-identified as African American ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448389 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5448389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448388&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100187%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the effect of brief exercise on ad libitum consumption during breaks in a computerised task. Seventy-eight regular chocolate eaters, age: 24.90±8.15years, BMI: 23.56±3.78kg/m(2) abstained for 2days. They were randomly assigned to one of four conditions, in a 2×2 factorial design, involving either a 15min brisk walk or quiet rest, and then computerised Stroop tasks with low or high demanding conditions, in three 180s blocks with a 90s interval. Throughout, a pre-weighed bowl of chocolates was available for ad libitum eating. A two-way ANOVA revealed no interaction effect of exercise and stress on total chocolate consumption, or main effect of stress, but a main effect of exercise [F(1, 74)=7.12, p<.01]. Mean (SD) chocolate consumption was less (t(73.5)=2.69, 95... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448388 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5448388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448383&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22116054%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussions were transcribed, coded, and analyzed with ATLAS.ti to identify common and disparate themes among participants. Results indicated that adults and teens perceived the type of food products, availability of foods, and price to influence the girls' choices. The girls spoke about products that were highly convenient and tasty as being particularly attractive. The adults reported that advertisements and insufficient nutrition education were also influencers. The teens discussed that the places in which food products were available influenced their choices. Results suggest that the marketing of highly available, convenient food at low prices sell products to teen girls. Future work is needed to better understand the consumer's perspective on the food and beverage marketing strategies... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448383 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5448383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448387&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100188%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hall AC, Fairclough AC, Mahadevan K, Paxman JR Abstract It is well recognised that the consumption of seaweed isolates (such as alginate) successfully reduce energy intake and modulate glycaemic and cholesterolaemic responses. However, to date, the effect of adding whole seaweed to bread has not been widely investigated. Hence, this study aims to investigate the acceptability of Ascophyllum nodosum enriched bread as part of a meal, and measure its effect on energy intake and nutrient absorption in overweight, healthy males to see if it has a similar impact. Results from the acceptability study, (79 untrained sensory panellists) indicated that it is acceptable to incorporate seaweed (A. nodosum) into a staple food such as bread at concentrations of up to 4% per 400g wholeme... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448387 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5448387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5430157&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22094182%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines the association between parental and child fruit consumption in the context of general parenting, parental education and ethnic background. A cross-sectional study was performed among 1762 parent-child dyads. Mean age of the children was 8years. One parent completed a questionnaire to measure their own and their child's fruit consumption, parenting style, education level and ethnicity. In mediation and moderation analyses, child fruit consumption was regressed on parental fruit consumption, parenting style, parental education and ethnicity. Participating children consumed on average 7.5 pieces of fruit per week. Fourteen percent met the recommended Dutch norm of two pieces of fruit per day. Parental and child fruit consumption were positively associated. The association... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5430157 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5430157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5430160&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079178%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McConnon A, Raats M, Astrup A, Bajzová M, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Lindroos AK, Martinez A, Larson TM, Papadaki A, Pfeiffer A, van Baak MA, Shepherd R Abstract Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), this study investigates weight control in overweight and obese participants (27kg/m(2)⩽BMI<45kg/m(2)) taking part in a dietary intervention trial targeted at weight loss maintenance (n=932). Respondents completed TPB measures investigating "weight gain prevention" at three time points. Correlation and regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between TPB variables and weight regain. The TPB explained up to 27% variance in expectation, 14% in intention and 20% in desire scores. No relationship was established between intention, expectation or desire... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5430160 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5430160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5430158&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22086153%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective was to compare the capacity of the two methods to discriminate appetite ratings between interventions. Both methods were applied within a previously published trial in which 16 healthy adults received standardised meals followed by three different ileal infusions in a balanced crossover design. At regular intervals volunteers indicated how many units of individually pictured food portions (for 10 different items) they would like to eat, and also scored six VAS. Methods were compared over different timeframes and assessed for their sensitivity to intervention effects. Pictures were more sensitive than VAS in differentiating intervention effects; however, further refinement and validation would be needed for pictures to become a standardised and accepted alternative to VAS for ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5430158 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5430158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5430159&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079892%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Forestell CA, Spaeth AM, Kane SA Abstract Previous research has suggested that vegetarianism may serve as a mask for restrained eating. The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors of vegetarians (n=55), pesco-vegetarians (n=28), semi-vegetarians (n=29), and flexitarians (n=37), to omnivores (n=91), who do not restrict animal products from their diets. A convenience sample of college-age females completed questionnaires about their eating habits, food choice motivations, and personality characteristics. Results indicated that while vegetarians and pesco-vegetarians were more open to new experiences and less food neophobic, they were not more restrained than omnivores. Rather semi-vegetarians; those who restricted only red meat from th... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5430159 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5430159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5430162&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22063094%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dimitropoulos A, Tkach J, Ho A, Kennedy J Abstract The goal of this research is to identify the neural response to rewarding food cues before and after eating in overweight/obese (OB) and normal-weight (NW) adults. Based on the previous literature, we expected greater differential activation to food cues vs. objects for OB compared to NW participants both prior to eating and after consumption of a typical lunch. Twenty-two overweight/obese (11 male) and 16 normal-weight (6 male) individuals participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging task examining neural response to visual cues of high- and low-calorie foods before and after eating. The OB group demonstrated increased neural response to high- and low-calorie foods after eating in comparison to the NW participa... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5430162 Sun, 30 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5430162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5430161&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22063905%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pratt IS, Croager EJ, Rosenberg M Abstract Portion size has increased considerably over the past few decades and one influencing factor is dishware size. Using mathematical models we investigated how dish size affects the potential energy available in a meal. Two types of plate filling - flat and conical - were modelled for a range of plate sizes and energy densities, then compared to recommended daily energy requirements from Australian guidelines. Bowl filling was also modelled. Results indicate that a small increase in dishware size can lead to a substantial increase in energy available to be consumed, particularly if food is energy dense. This reinforces the need to consider dishware size when developing strategies to prevent over-consumption. PMID: 22063905 [PubMe... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5430161 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5430161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385040&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22056488%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prichard I, Hodder K, Hutchinson A, Wilson C Abstract The present study examined the resemblance between daughters' and mothers' intake of energy-dense food (EDF) and vegetables as perceived by daughters and the potential moderating influence of relationship closeness. One-hundred and twelve female first-year psychology students (aged 17-25years) completed an online measure incorporating questions on demographic information, food frequency, eating style, and mother-daughter closeness. The EDF and vegetable consumption of daughters and their perception of their mothers' consumption were significantly related. Daughters who ate more EDF perceived that their mothers consumed more EDF and vegetables overall and had lower levels of restrained eating. Both mothers' consumption o... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385040 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385039&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22056489%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined whether family characteristics such as parenting practices at meals and family involvement predict a more favourable change in children's lifestyle-related health behaviours during an 18-month follow-up. 745 children in school grades 4 and 5 (response rate 65%) filled in a baseline questionnaire in the autumn of 2006. A follow-up was conducted in the spring of 2008 (91%). Several health behaviours had changed in a non-favourable direction. Baseline parenting practices at meals and family involvement predicted some of the changes in the lifestyle-related health behaviours in 2008. Parenting practices at meals predicted a smaller increase in TV, DVD viewing time, and a smaller decrease in fruit intake. Amongst family involvement determinants, less time alone at home after... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385039 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385038&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22057001%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Havermans RC Abstract Food reward is thought to comprise food 'liking' and 'wanting'. The distinction between 'liking' and 'wanting' is generally assumed to give a more detailed view on the regulation of appetite and to provide a better handle on determining what exactly is wrong in case of unhealthy dietary habits (e.g., binge eating). In response to Finlayson and Dalton (2011), I argue however, that after operationally defining 'liking' and 'wanting', one forgot to validate these measures. Such validation requires carefully formulating when and how 'liking' and 'wanting' are uncoupled. In the absence of a priori predictions concerning when and how 'liking' and 'wanting' should dissociate, interpreting any dissociation between supposed measures for 'liking' and 'wanting' ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385038 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385037&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22057002%26dopt%3DAbstract Current progress in the assessment of 'liking' vs. 'wanting' food in human appetite. Response to RC Havermans ["You Say it's Liking, I Say it's Wanting...". On the difficulty of disentangling food reward in man. Appetite 57 (2011) 286-294]. Appetite. 2011 Oct 25; Authors: Finlayson G, Dalton M Abstract Studies that make use of separate measures to capture 'liking' and 'wanting' components of food reward signal a paradigm shift in research on hedonic (over)eating in man. In a recent review, Havermans (2011) highlighted some key methodological and theoretical challenges faced by those working on this issue. Unfortunately, this selective reading of the recent literature in the field presents a skewed picture; but it should not dampen the building momentum. On the other hand th... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385037 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385042&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036836%26dopt%3DAbstract This article examines retailer branding of consumer price promotions. It discusses the mechanics of price promotions, consumers' reactions to them and the benefits that accrue to those that use them. It describes how large food retailers can now deploy branded price promotion systems that are fundamentally different to 'traditional' price promotions in both their mechanics and their effects on consumer decision processes. The article describes a field experiment that compared the performance of a food retailer's branded price promotion system with that of a generic (manufacturer) price promotion. The research involved three experiments that covered two food categories (sliced bread and margarine) and two levels of discount (10% and 20%). The results indicate that food retailers are able to... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385042 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385044&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22027271%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ono M, Kennedy E, Reeves S, Cronin L Abstract An adequate diet is essential for the optimal performance of professional football (soccer) players. Existing studies have shown that players fail to consume such a diet, without interrogating the reasons for this. The aim of this study was to explore the difficulties professional football players experience in consuming a diet for optimal performance. It utilized a mixed method approach, combining nutritional intake assessment with qualitative interviews, to ascertain both what was consumed and the wider cultural factors that affect consumption. The study found a high variability in individual intake which ranged widely from 2648 to 4606kcal/day. In addition, the intake of carbohydrate was significantly lower than that recomme... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385044 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385043&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22027272%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we examined the associations between on the one hand the life style factors: Sports, Alcohol, Nutrition, Overweight and Smoking (SANOS), the eating styles of dietary restraint, external- and emotional eating and on the other hand overweight, energy at work and perceived general health. Using a web-based life style questionnaire, responses were obtained from 3272 employees (1254 women and 2018 men) in a large banking corporation. These data were subjected to principal component factor analysis. In both sexes, the SANOS life style factors loaded on a factor that stood for good general health and energy at work, and that, in women, additionally comprised high dietary restraint. Overweight, in contrast, loaded in both sexes on a factor that comprised: restrained eating, emotional... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385043 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385043 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385045&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22024051%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Laessle R, Geiermann L Abstract The universal eating monitor (UEM) of Kissileff for laboratory measurement of food intake was modified and used with a newly developed special software to compute cumulative intake data. To explore the measurement precision of the UEM an investigation of test-retest-reliability of food intake parameters was conducted. The intake characteristics of 125 males and females were measured repeatedly in the laboratory with a measurement interval of 1week. Pudding of preferred flavour served as test meal. Test-retest-reliability of intake characteristics ranged from .49 (change of eating rate) to .89 (initial eating rate). All test-retest correlations were highly significant. Sex, BMI and eating habits according to TFEQ-factors had no significant ef... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385045 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385041&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22037008%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the two current studies was to test whether it is possible to predict distress-induced eating with a self-report emotional eating scale by using extreme scorers. In study 1 (n=45) we used a between-subjects design and emotional eating was assessed after food intake during a negative or a neutral mood (induced by a movie). In study 2 (n=47) we used a within-subjects design and emotional eating was assessed well before food intake, which occurred after a control or stress task (Trier Social Stress Task). The main outcome measure was actual food intake. In both studies self-reported emotional eating significantly moderated the relation between distress and food intake. As expected, low emotional eaters ate less during the sad movie or after stress than during the neutral movi... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385041 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385049&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22019449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chand A, Eyles H, Ni Mhurchu C Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the availability of healthier options and nutrition information at major New Zealand fast food chains. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken at 24 fast food stores (two from each of 12 major chains) using on-site visits, telephone calls, and website searches. Of available products, only 234/1126 (21%) were healthier options. Healthier options were generally cheaper and lower in energy, total fat, saturated fat, sugar, and sodium per serve than their regular counterparts. Regular options were commonly high in sugar or sodium per serve (mean sugar content of beverages=56g (11 teaspoons) and sodium content of burgers and pasta=1095mg and 1172mg, respectively). Nutrition information was available at ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385049 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385048&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22019543%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Souza JT, Matsubara LS, Menani JV, Matsubara BB, Johnson AK, De Gobbi JI Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome that involves changes in behavioral, neural and endocrine regulatory systems. Dietary salt restriction along with pharmacotherapy is considered essential component in the effective management of symptomatic HF patients. However, it is well recognized that HF patients typically have great difficulty in restricting sodium intake. We hypothesized that under HF altered activity in systems that normally function to regulate body fluid and cardiovascular homeostasis could result in an increased preference for the taste of salt. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the perceived palatability (defined as salt preference) of food with different co... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385048 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385047&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22019544%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Giesen JC, Havermans RC, Nederkoorn C, Jansen A Abstract The present study investigated the effect of taxing high-energy dense products and subsidizing low-energy dense products on changes in calorie consumption. More specifically, we hypothesized that 'more impulsive' individuals were less influenced by such pricing strategies compared to 'less impulsive' individuals. Contrary to our hypothesis, results showed that 'more impulsive' individuals adjusted their calorie consumption with regard to price changes whereas 'less impulsive' participants were less influenced by price changes. Furthermore, taxing high-energy dense products was more successful in reducing calorie consumption than subsidizing low-energy dense products. PMID: 22019544 [PubMed - as supplied by publis... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385047 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385046&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22019545%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Durkin K, Rae K, Stritzke WG Abstract Many women experience ambivalent orientations towards chocolate, both craving for it and having concerns about eating it. The present study investigated the effect of viewing thin and overweight images of models in chocolate advertisements on ambivalent attitudes. Participants were 84 females, aged 17-63, allocated to a thin model condition, an overweight model condition, or a control group. As predicted, following exposure to their respective images, participants in the thin condition had increased avoidance, approach and guilt scores, while participants in the overweight condition had decreased approach and guilt scores, with no change in avoidance. Control participants demonstrated ambivalence, but no changes over time. The findings... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385046 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334615&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22005181%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lietti CV, Murray MM, Hudry J, le Coutre J, Toepel U Abstract The repeated presentation of simple objects as well as biologically salient objects can cause the adaptation of behavioral and neural responses during the visual categorization of these objects. Mechanisms of response adaptation during repeated food viewing are of particular interest for better understanding food intake beyond energetic needs. Here, we measured visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and conducted neural source estimations to initial and repeated presentations of high-energy and low-energy foods as well as non-food images. The results of our study show that the behavioral and neural responses to food and food-related objects are not uniformly affected by repetition. While the repetition of images displa... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334615 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334613&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22005183%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined whether patients diagnosed with restrictive eating disorders ('restricting AN-like patients'; N=88) indeed show stronger attentional avoidance of visual food stimuli than healthy controls (N=76). Attentional engagement and disengagement were assessed by means of a pictorial exogenous cueing task, and (food and neutral) pictures were presented for 300, 500, or 1000ms. In the 500ms condition, both restricting AN-like patients and healthy controls demonstrated attentional avoidance of high-fat food as indexed by a negative cue-validity effect and impaired attentional engagement with high-fat food, whereas no evidence was found for facilitated disengagement from high-fat food. Within the group of restricting AN-like patients, patients with relatively severe eating pathology... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334613 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334612&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22005184%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to determine whether dietary restraint, dietary disinhibition or hunger moderate the effect of RRV(food) on the weight status and energy intake in 273 adults of various body mass index (BMI) levels. Hierarchical regression was used to assess the independent effects of RRV(food) on BMI and energy intake, controlling for age, sex, income, education, minority status, and RRV(reading). Results showed that greater RRV(food), but not RRV(reading), was associated with greater BMI and energy intake. Dietary disinhibition and dietary restraint moderated the relationship between RRV(food) and BMI, with dietary disinhibition being a stronger moderator of this relationship (r(2)=0.20) than dietary restraint (r(2)=0.095). In addition, dietary disinhibition moderated the effect o... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334612 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334611&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22008705%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roe LS, Meengs JS, Rolls BJ Abstract In a previous study, consuming a fixed amount of low-energy-dense salad as a first course reduced meal energy intake. We investigated whether this effect depended on serving salad before rather than with the main course, or on compulsory rather than ad libitum consumption. On five occasions, 46 women consumed ad libitum a main course of pasta, accompanied four times by low-energy-dense salad (300g; 100kcal [418kJ]). At two meals the salad was served 20min before the pasta (once compulsory; once ad libitum), and at two meals the salad was served with the pasta (once compulsory; once ad libitum). Results showed that adding a fixed amount of salad to the meal reduced energy intake by 11% (57±19kcal [238±79kJ]). Ad libitum salad consumpti... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334611 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334616&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001749%26dopt%3DAbstract Weight is controlled by eating patterns, not by foods or drugs Reply to comments on "Satiety. No way to slim" Appetite. 2011 Oct 7; Authors: Booth DA, Nouwen A Abstract The five papers in this special section of Appetite seem to agree that augmentation of satiety at an unspecified delay by use of a medication or food product in an indeterminate context provides no assurance that the substance contributes to reduction of obesity. Rather, satiety that slims is a specific pattern of eating that reduces the rate of energy intake while that pattern persists. These scientific principles have major implications for research that could provide the evidence needed to regulate claims to deliver weight-controlling satiety or to reduce discomfort allied with hunger arising from attempt... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334616 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334614&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22005182%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: Health professionals can feel comfortable using any of the three approaches. However, the T/y approach is a more graduated serving size approach, may be more consistently age appropriate for young children, and may be implemented more easily by adults. PMID: 22005182 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334614 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334618&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001747%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wellard L, Glasson C, Chapman K Abstract The impact of children's fast food meals on their daily nutritional requirements has not been assessed in Australia. Analysis of the nutritional composition of children's meals from six fast food chains was conducted. The energy, saturated fat, sugar and sodium content of all children's meals from the chains were assessed against the fast food industry-defined nutrient criteria for healthy meals and children's recommended daily nutritional requirements, as defined by the Nutrient Reference Values and the Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents in Australia. Overall children's fast food meals are high in saturated fat, sugar and sodium. Only 16% and 22% of meals met the industry's nutrient criteria for children aged 4-8 and 9... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334618 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334621&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001023%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scully M, Wakefield M, Niven P, Chapman K, Crawford D, Pratt IS, Baur LA, Flood V, Morley B, Abstract The present study examined associations between food marketing exposure and adolescents' food choices and reported consumption of energy-dense and nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods. A cross-sectional survey of 12,188 Australian secondary students aged 12-17years was conducted, using a web-based self-report questionnaire. Measures included students' level of exposure to commercial television and non-broadcast types of food marketing, whether they had tried a new product or requested a product they had seen advertised, and their reported consumption of fast food, sugary drinks and sweet and salty snacks. Results indicated greater exposure to commercial television, print/transport/... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334621 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334617&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001748%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lo YT, Chang YH, Lee MS, Wahlqvist ML Abstract Food quality is a measure of food security in vulnerable groups. The elderly are often nutritionally vulnerable, but how much of this is reflected in food quality and determined by financial status is unclear. We determined whether expenditure on dietary quality challenges food security in the aged. We used the representative Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan during 1999-2000 (n=1783), and evaluated dietary quality by a Dietary Diversity Score (DDS, range: 0-6) based on a 24-h dietary recall. Monthly mean national food prices were used to estimate food expenditure. In general, it was found to cost more to achieve a greater DDS. The food expenditure of subjects whose DDS=6 was 2.20 times greater than the DDS ⩽3 gr... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334617 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334620&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001024%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to compare the efficacy of separate implementation intention instructions with a combined implementation intention instruction on separate indices of fruit and vegetable intake, and investigate the written content of implementation intentions for behavioural strategies focusing on the 'target' action of consumption or the 'preparatory' actions that enable consumption. Participants (N=580) were randomised to one of three conditions (control; separate implementation intentions; combined implementation intention). The findings were: (a) the combined instruction was successful in increasing fruit intake but not vegetable intake, whereas the separate instructions generated a significant increase in both fruit intake and vegetable intake, and (b) 'target' strategies appear more ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334620 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334619&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001025%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ruby MB Abstract Vegetarianism, the practice of abstaining from eating meat, has a recorded history dating back to ancient Greece. Despite this, it is only in recent years that researchers have begun conducting empirical investigations of the practices and beliefs associated with vegetarianism. The present article reviews the extant literature, exploring variants of and motivations for vegetarianism, differences in attitudes, values and worldviews between omnivores and vegetarians, as well as the pronounced gender differences in meat consumption and vegetarianism. Furthermore, the review highlights the extremely limited cultural scope of the present data, and calls for a broader investigation across non-Western cultures. PMID: 22001025 [PubMed - as supplied by publishe... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334619 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334637&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983048%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents data from a representative survey of Dutch consumers on their practices related to meat, meat substitution and meat reduction. The practices reflected a cultural gradient of meat substitution options running from other products of animal origin and conventional meat free meals to real vegetarian meals. To investigate feasible substitution options, a variety of meals without meat were presented using photos, which were rated by the participants in terms of attractiveness and chances that they would prepare a similar meal at home. The results demonstrated the influence of meal formats, product familiarity, cooking skills, preferences for plant-based foods and motivational orientations towards food. In particular, a lack of familiarity and skill hampered the preparation of... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334637 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334635&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983050%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Farah NM, Brunstrom JM, Gill JM Abstract Measuring food intake using standard buffet meals can be complicated by sensory and external cues which can alter energy intake. The present study was designed to examine the effects of acute exercise on non-metabolic factors related to appetite and food intake using a computer-based assessment. Twenty-seven men and women participated in two sessions in random order: 60-min walking on the treadmill (exercise trial; EX) or seated rest (control trial; CON). Subjective hunger and fullness, food liking, food utility, and ideal portion size were assessed before and immediately after exercise or rest, and hourly for 2h. The findings showed that an acute bout of moderate intensity exercise had an anorexigenic effect; characterised by dimin... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334635 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334635 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334633&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983052%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the concept appears to attract relevant target groups, although for a given price a smaller fraction of low educated individuals compared to high educated individuals would be willing to buy CTA. PMID: 21983052 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334633 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334626&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21986186%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ludy MJ, Mattes RD Abstract Some individuals savor spicy foods, while others avoid them. Reasons underlying this range of hedonic responses are unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the basis for individual differences in preference for spicy foods. Regular spicy food users (n=13) and non-users (n=12) were characterized for selected sensory, physiological, personality, and cultural attributes. Individual differences between users and non-users were primarily related to sensory and cultural attributes (i.e., a higher proportion of users reported consuming spicy foods since childhood and users rated spicy foods as more palatable and were better able to discriminate this burn than non-users). Users and non-users exhibited comparable responsiveness to noxious press... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334626 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334625&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21986187%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Milošević J, Zeželj I, Gorton M, Barjolle D Abstract Substantial empirical evidence exists regarding the importance of different factors underlying food choice in Western Europe. However, research results on eating habits and food choice in the Western Balkan Countries (WBCs) remain scarce. A Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ), an instrument that measures the reported importance of nine factors underlying food choice, was administered to a representative sample of 3085 adult respondents in six WBCs. The most important factors reported are sensory appeal, purchase convenience, and health and natural content; the least important are ethical concern and familiarity. The ranking of food choice motives across WBCs was strikingly similar. Factor analysis revealed eight factors c... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334625 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334640&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983045%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bryant EJ, Caudwell P, Hopkins ME, King NA, Blundell JE Abstract Eating behaviour traits, namely Disinhibition and Restraint, have the potential to exert an effect on food intake and energy balance. The effectiveness of exercise as a method of weight management could be influenced by these traits. Fifty eight overweight and obese participants completed 12-weeks of supervised exercise. Each participant was prescribed supervised exercise based on an expenditure of 500kcal/session, 5d/week for 12-weeks. Following 12-weeks of exercise there was a significant reduction in mean body weight (-3.26±3.63kg), fat mass (FM: -3.26±2.64kg), BMI (-1.16±1.17kg/m(2)) and waist circumference (WC: -5.0±3.23cm). Regression analyses revealed a higher baseline Disinhibition score was assoc... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334640 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334639&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983046%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johnson AW Abstract The current studies examined the influence of a high fat diet on sucrose acceptance in diet induced obese (DIO) mice. C57BL/6J mice were placed on either a 45kcal% fat diet (group DIO), or a control 10% kcal fat diet (group control) for 12weeks followed by sucrose consumption tests and dietary manipulations. After 12weeks exposure, body weights of DIO mice significantly exceeded those of the control mice. During subsequent sucrose consumption tests, DIO mice showed suppression in the total number of licks relative to controls. In a second experiment, consumption tests with water and a variety of sucrose concentrations revealed a hypophagic phenotype in naïve DIO mice. Licking microstructure analyses were conducted on the licking behavior of all mice, w... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334639 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334638&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983047%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rangel C, Dukeshire S, Macdonald L Abstract The modern food system has radically modified the social-anthropological framework that informs food choices. To explore factors that influence food choices within this modified framework, eight focus groups consisting of women 15-45years old were conducted in Nova Scotia (Canada). Using a grounded theory approach, two main themes emerged centered around (1) perceptions of a changing culinary order that emphasizes individual dietary responsibility and decision making and (2) the confusion/anxiety experienced as participants try to assimilate the information generated by today's modern food system. Participants inextricably linked food and health to the point where it was the central organizing determinant guiding their food selec... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334638 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334636&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983049%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined how deprivation of chocolate affects state-level chocolate cravings, mood, and chocolate consumption in high and low trait-level chocolate-cravers. After identifying high and low chocolate cravers (N=58), half of the participants were instructed not to eat any chocolate for 2weeks. This created four experimental groups: deprived high-cravers (n=14), deprived low-cravers (n=14), non-deprived high-cravers (n=15), and non-deprived low-cravers (n=15). Following 2-week deprivation, state-level food cravings, mood, and chocolate intake were measured in a laboratory setting and compared across groups. Analyses revealed that anxiety increased over time for high-cravers (both deprived and non-deprived); state-level chocolate- and food-craving increased over time for both deprive... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334636 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334634&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983051%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meule A, Lutz A, Vögele C, Kübler A Abstract Food cravings have been strongly associated with triggering food consumption. However, definitions and measurements of food cravings are heterogeneous. Therefore, Cepeda-Benito and colleagues (2000) have suggested the Food Cravings Questionnaires (FCQs) to measure food cravings as a multidimensional construct at trait- and state-level. In the current study, we validated a German version of the FCQs in an online study (N=616). The factor structure of the state and trait versions could partially be replicated, but yielded fewer than the originally proposed factors. Internal consistencies of both versions were very good (Cronbach's α>.90), whereas retest reliability of the state version was expectedly lower than that of the t... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334634 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334632&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983053%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Atalayer D, Rowland NE Abstract Ad libitum feeding patterns in mice show substantial differences between laboratories, in addition to large individual and time-of-day differences. In the present study, we examine how mice work for food when access to food is temporally restricted and so they are forced to take discrete meals. In a first experiment, separate groups of ICR:CD1 mice were given access to food for 4, 8 or 16 opportunities or meals per day, with the duration of access at each opportunity adjusted reciprocally so that the total time of availability was 160min per day in all three conditions. During the periods of availability, mice were able to earn food pellets by nose poke responses, according to an incrementing series of fixed unit prices (FUP: 2, 5, 10, 25) w... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334632 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334631&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983054%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: age, BMI, physical activity and non-smoking were associated with an increasing consumption of low-fat foods. The fact that low-fat foods consumers had a higher intake of carbohydrates and proteins question the efficacy of these items in energy reducing programs. PMID: 21983054 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334631 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334630&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21986182%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to identify factors associated with taste acuity in healthy older European adults aged 55-87years, employing a factorial independent design to recruit older adults from centres in France, Italy and United Kingdom. Adults aged 70-87years (N=387) were recruited in Rome (Italy) (n=108) and Grenoble (France) (n=91) and aged 55-70years in Northern Ireland (United Kingdom) (n=93) and Clermont-Ferrand (C-F) (France) (n=95). A signal detection theory (SDT) approach was used for detection threshold assessment of the four basic tastes (salt; sweet; bitter; and, sour). Trial data were converted to R-indices. Diet was assessed by means of four day food diaries. Dietary data were converted using WISP and then reduced, using a principal components analysis, to four components: Component... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334630 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334629&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21986183%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Holsten JE, Deatrick JA, Kumanyika S, Pinto-Martin J, Compher CW Abstract This qualitative descriptive study explored children's food choices in the home with particular attention to environmental influences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11- to 14-year-old children (n=47) from one middle school. A data-driven content analysis using selected principles of grounded theory was performed. Children's food choices in the home emerged as a process that involved three interacting components, the child, the parent, and the food, embedded within the context of time. Children's structured activities throughout the day, week, and year provided an overall context for food choices. Parents affected children's food choices through their presence in the home, time pressu... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334629 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334628&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21986184%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the effects of drink composition on voluntary intake, hydration status, selected physiological responses and affective states during simulated gymnasium-based exercise. In a randomised counterbalanced design, 12 physically active adults performed three 20-min intervals of cardiovascular exercise at 75% heart rate maximum, one 20-min period of resistance exercise and 20min of recovery with ad libitum access to water (W), a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) or with no access to fluids (NF). Fluid intake was greater with CES than W (1706±157 vs. 1171±152mL; P<0.01) and more adequate hydration was achieved in CES trials (NF vs. W vs. CES: -1668±73 vs. -700±99 vs. -273±78g; P<0.01). Plasma glucose concentrations were highest with CES (CES vs. NF vs. W: 4... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334628 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334627&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21986185%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Worsley A, Wang WC, Hunter W Abstract The study was to examine the eating habits of baby boomers and to investigate the relationship of these and other lifestyle habits on their reported body mass indices (BMI). A questionnaire was administered by mail to a random sample of people aged 40years and above, drawn from the Electoral Rolls in Victoria, Australia. Part of the questionnaire contained questions about the respondents' eating habits, smoking status and alcohol use, as well as self reported heights and weights and demographic characteristics. Eight hundred and forty-four people (out of 1470) returned usable questionnaires. Statistically significant differences were found between the eating habits of men and women. Generally, more women snacked on high energy dense fo... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334627 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334624&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21986188%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Farrow C, Blissett J Abstract Previous research suggests that many eating behaviours are stable in children but that obesigenic eating behaviours tend to increase with age. This research explores the stability (consistency in individual levels over time) and continuity (consistency in group levels over time) of child eating behaviours and parental feeding practices in children between 2 and 5 years of age. Thirty one participants completed measures of child eating behaviours, parental feeding practices and child weight at 2 and 5 years of age. Child eating behaviours and parental feeding practices remained stable between 2 and 5 years of age. There was also good continuity in measures of parental restriction and monitoring of food intake, as well as in mean levels of child... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334624 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334623&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21986189%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Taib MN, Shariff ZM, Wesnes KA, Saad HA, Sariman S Abstract Changes in blood glucose are hypothesized to influence cognitive performance and these changes can be affected by certain nutrients. This double-blind 4-period cross-over study evaluated the effects of a slow-release modified sucrose (isomaltulose) in combination with a high concentration of lactose on cognitive performance of 5-6 year old children. Thirty children received a standard growing upmilk (Std GUM), reformulated growing up milk (Reform GUM), standard growing up milk with lactose-isomaltulose (Iso GUM), and a standard glucose drink (Glucose). The CDR System, a computerised cognitive assessment system, was used to assess various measures of attention and memory of the children at baseline (T=0), 60 (T=1),... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334623 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334622&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21986190%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, a higher salt intensity lead to lower ad libitum intake of soup similar in palatability (LS vs. HS). In addition, salt intensity in soup does not predict sweet vs. savory food choice. PMID: 21986190 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334622 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5286357&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21959200%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van der Horst K, Siegrist M Abstract It is unknown whether people use vitamin and mineral supplements (VMS) to compensate for unhealthy diets, or people whom already have a healthy diet use VMS. Therefore, this study aimed to examine correlates of VMS use and whether VMS users can be categorised into specific clusters based on dietary lifestyle variables. The data used came from the Swiss Food Panel questionnaire for 2010. The sample consisted of 6189 respondents, mean age was 54 years and 47.6% were males. Data was analysed with logistic regression analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The results revealed that for VMS use, gender, age, education, chronic illness, health consciousness, benefits of fortification, convenience food and sugar-sweetened beverage consumpt... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5286357 Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5286357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5236115&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21907742%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Davis C, Curtis C, Levitan RD, Carter JC, Kaplan AS, Kennedy JL Abstract There is growing evidence of 'food addiction' (FA) in sugar- and fat-bingeing animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the legitimacy of this disorder in the human condition. It was also our intention to extend the validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) - the first tool developed to identify individuals with addictive tendencies towards food. Using a sample of obese adults (aged 25-45 years), and a case-control methodology, we focused our assessments on three domains relevant to the characterization of conventional substance-dependence disorders: clinical co-morbidities, psychological risk factors, and abnormal motivation for the addictive substance. Results were strongly supp... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5236115 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5236115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5236113&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21907744%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Medina-Pradas C, Navarro JB, López SR, Grau A, Obiols JE Abstract Prevailing models of the association between expressed emotion (EE) and relapse conceptualize EE as a form of stress for patients. In eating disorders (ED), there is no research addressed to evaluate the degree to which patients feel stress due to their relatives' EE. It has been neither investigated how the EE and the subsequent stress relate to disordered behaviours and attitudes neither. Using a sample of 77 inpatients with ED, this study aimed to: (1) evaluate patients' reported level of stress as it relates to their caregivers' EE, particularly as associated with carer's criticism, emotional overinvolvement and warmth; (2) examine the associations of stress with the patients' perceptions (self-reported... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5236113 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5236113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5236112&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911018%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wada M, Kida I, Iguchi Y, Hoshi Y Abstract Using near-infrared spectroscopy, we examined whether chewing gum improves performance in a short-term memory task - immediate recall of random eight-digit numbers - by assessing cerebral hemodynamic response in the prefrontal cortex. The oxyhemoglobin concentration during and after chewing gum were higher than that before chewing; further, the concentration increased during the task, and this increase reduced with chewing. Chewing did not improve task performance. Therefore, chewing gum affects the resultant cerebral hemodynamic response, although the differences were not statistically significant. However, these resultant responses are not related to the performance in short-term memory tasks. PMID: 21911018 [PubMed - as sup... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5236112 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5236112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5236111&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21920395%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jallinoja P, Tuorila H, Ojajärvi A, Bingham C, Uutela A, Absetz P Abstract The study explores young men's (n=290) attitudes towards food and eating before and during military service and their associations with eating of sweet and fatty foods. Before service eating of sweet foods was associated negatively with health interest and positively with craving for sweet foods and pleasure, and eating of fatty foods negatively with health interest. At six months of service, craving, using food as a reward and pleasure increased, whereas health interest remained stable. At six months, eating of sweet foods was negatively associated with health interest and positively with craving. Mentally and physically hard conditions and easy access to indulgence items, affect the food related ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5236111 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5236111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5236114&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21907743%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Keogh J, Atkinson F, Eisenhauer B, Inamdar A, Brand-Miller J Abstract The effect of bread consumption on overall food intake is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to measure postprandial food intake after a set breakfast containing three different breads. Ten males and 10 females aged 20.1-44.8 years, BMI 18.4-24.8kg/m(2), consumed two slices of White Bread, Bürgen(®) Wholemeal and Seeds Bread or Lupin Bread (all 1300kJ) with 10g margarine and 30g strawberry jam. Fullness and hunger responses and were measured before and during the test breakfasts. Glucose and insulin responses (incremental area under each two-hour curve (iAUC)) were calculated. Food intake was measured and energy and nutrient intake determined at a buffet meal two hours later. Subjects consume... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5236114 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5236114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199193&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896295%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Powell FC, Farrow CV, Meyer C Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of a broad range of maternal feeding practices in predicting parental reports of food avoidance eating behaviours in young children, after controlling for child temperament, and maternal dietary restraint which have previously been associated with feeding problems. One hundred and four mothers of children aged between 3 and 6 years completed self report measures of their child's eating behaviour and temperament, maternal dietary restraint and child feeding practices. Maternal reports of food avoidance eating behaviours were associated with an emotional child temperament, high levels of maternal feeding control, using food for behaviour regulation and low encouragement of a balanced... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199193 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5199193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199191&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896297%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Taylor A, Wilson C, Slater A, Mohr P Abstract The present study aimed to investigate associations of both parent-reported and child-perceived parenting styles and parent-reported parenting practices with child weight and weight-related behaviours. Participants were 175 children (56% female) aged between 7 and 11, and their primary caregivers (91% female), recruited through South Australian primary schools. Children completed measures of parenting style, attitude toward fruit, vegetables, and non-core food, and attraction to physical activity. Parents completed measures of parenting style and domain-specific parenting practices (feeding and activity-related practices) and reported on child dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. Objective height and weig... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199191 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5199191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199190&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896298%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stifter CA, Anzman-Frasca S, Birch LL, Voegtline K Abstract The aim of the present study was to explore the parent feeding practice of using food to soothe infant/toddler distress and its relationship to child weight status. Seventy eight families with infants and toddlers (43 males) ranging in age from 3 to 34 months (M=14 mos, SD=9 mos) completed a survey which included questions on their use of food to soothe, questionnaires on parent feeding practices, parenting self-efficacy, child temperament and child's weight and length at the time of their last well-baby visit. Results revealed the use of food to soothe to be a valid construct. In addition, mothers who used food to soothe rated themselves lower in parenting self-efficacy and their children higher in temperamental ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199190 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5199190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199194&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896294%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tobler C, Visschers VH, Siegrist M Abstract Food consumption is associated with various environmental impacts, and consumers' food choices therefore represent important environmental decisions. In a large-scale survey, we examined consumers' beliefs about ecological food consumption and their willingness to adopt such behaviors. Additionally, we investigated in more detail how different motives and food-related attitudes influenced consumers' willingness to reduce meat consumption and to buy seasonal fruits and vegetables. We found consumers believed avoiding excessive packaging had the strongest impact on the environment, whereas they rated purchasing organic food and reducing meat consumption as least environmentally beneficial. Similarly, respondents appeared to be most... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199194 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5199194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199192&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896296%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Finlayson G, Arlotti A, Dalton M, King N, Blundell J Abstract The present study used a measure of trait binge eating (Binge Eating Scale; BES) to examine its association with behavioural markers of appetite and food reward. Non-obese female participants consumed a preload before freely selecting and consuming from a test meal. Subjective hunger and hedonic measures of explicit liking and implicit wanting for food were obtained. Food selection and intake of the test meal were measured. Findings were compared according to individual differences in trait binge eating. BES scores correlated with BMI, food intake and selection of high fat sweet foods in the test meal. Comparison of BES scores revealed that higher scores were associated with weaker suppression of hunger after th... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199192 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5199192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199195&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884741%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carnell S, Cooke L, Cheng R, Robbins A, Wardle J Abstract Parental feeding behaviours are considered major influences on children's eating behaviour. However, many questionnaire studies of feeding neglect subtle distinctions between specific feeding strategies and practices in favour of eliciting general feeding goals, and do not take account of the context provided by parents' motivations. These factors may be critical to understanding child outcomes and engaging parents in child obesity prevention. The present study obtained interview and diary data on specific feeding behaviours and underlying motivations from 22 mothers of predominantly healthy weight 3-5y olds in the UK. Parents described a wide range of efforts to promote or restrict intake that were largely motivate... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199195 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5199195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181628&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21875630%26dopt%3DAbstract This study has shown differences in the distribution of stages of change for the fruits and vegetable intake among the patients with atherosclerotic disease. The different predictive factors for the stage of changes for fruits and vegetables suggest that approaches of nutritional orientation of the individuals must be distinct for each eating behavior. PMID: 21875630 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181628 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181629&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21871509%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hogenkamp PS, Stafleu A, Mars M, Brunstrom JM, de Graaf C Abstract Consumers' expectations about the satiating capacity of a food may differ markedly across a broad range of food products, but also between foods within one product category. Our objective is to investigate the role of sensory attributes and means of consumption in the expected satiation of dairy products. In three independent experiments we measured the expected satiation of (1) commercially available yogurts and custards (29 adults, age: 26±5y, BMI: 22.9±2.4kg/m(2)); (2) lemon- and meringue-flavored custards with different textures (30 adults, age: 23±4y, BMI: 22.1±2.1kg/m(2)); and (3) chocolate milk and chocolate custard consumed with either a straw or a spoon (30 adults, age: 20±2.2y, BMI: 21.5±2.2... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181629 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5166871&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21864600%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shimizu M, Wansink B Abstract While watching 30-min television (TV) programs that contained either food-related content or non-food-related content, participants were asked to eat two types of candy by explicitly being told that we were interested in how the TV program influenced their taste and therefore they needed to consume some of those candies. The results indicated that there was no overall difference in candy intake based on the TV content; however, the association was moderated by their restrained eating status. Restrained eaters ate more calories while watching a food-related TV program whereas unrestrained eaters were not influenced by the content of the TV program. PMID: 21864600 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5166871 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5166871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5166858&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21864601%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bove CF, Sobal J Abstract This investigation uncovered processes underlying the dynamics of body weight and body image among individuals involved in nascent heterosexual marital relationships in Upstate New York. In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews conducted with 34 informants, 20 women and 14 men, just prior to marriage and again one year later were used to explore continuity and change in cognitive, affective, and behavioral factors relating to body weight and body image at the time of marriage, an important transition in the life course. Three major conceptual themes operated in the process of developing and enacting informants' body weight relationships with their partner: weight relevance, weight comparisons, and weight talk. Weight relevance encompassed ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5166858 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5166858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5166902&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21855585%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zellner DA, Siemers E, Teran V, Conroy R, Lankford M, Agrafiotis A, Ambrose L, Locher P Abstract Two studies investigated the effect that the arrangement of food on a plate has on liking for the flavor of the food. Food presented in a neatly arranged presentation is liked more than the same food presented in a messy manner. A third study found that subjects expected to like the food in the neat presentations more than in the messy ones and would be willing to pay more for them. They also indicated that the food in the neat presentations came from a higher quality restaurant and that more care was taken with its preparation than the food in the messy presentations. Only the animal-based food was judged as being more contaminated when presented in a messy rather than a neat ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5166902 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5166902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5166901&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21855586%26dopt%3DAbstract This report: (1) demonstrates that products used to prepare thickened oil-in-water emulsions have significant effects on rat ingestive behavior, and (2) confirms the ability of baclofen to reduce consumption of fatty foods, while simultaneously stimulating intake of chow. PMID: 21855586 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5166901 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5166901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5166874&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21856346%26dopt%3DAbstract This study identifies the factors associated with eating OH in Vietnamese adolescents. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional cluster survey of 502 adolescents in rural and urban areas in Vietnam. Factors associated with eating OH were recorded with a Likert scale and analysed using factor analysis. Data on eating OH was collected using a frequency questionnaire and a 1-day 24h recall. A first pattern "Convenience" incorporated preparation time, price, variety, taste, proximity and social aspects as items associated with eating OH. A second pattern "Nutritional and food safety concerned" reflects concerns with regard to hygiene, fat and salt content of the food prepared OH. Adolescents characterised by the convenience pattern were more likely (OR=1.51, P<0.001) to eat OH more frequen... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5166874 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5166874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5166885&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21855587%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, healthy volunteers ingested 3g of the beta-conglycinin hydrolysate (BconB) and/or a soy protein hydrolysate (HN) contained in a beverage or in a jelly. Appetite profiles (hunger, fullness and prospective consumption) and palatability of test jellies were recorded. Fullness was rated higher, and hunger was rated lower after BconB ingestion as compared to HN ingestion. These results demonstrate that 3g of BconB is effective to enhance fullness and reduce hunger sensations in healthy humans. PMID: 21855587 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5166885 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5166885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5146119&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21843567%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nakajima S Abstract Voluntary running establishes aversion to the paired taste in rats. A proposed mechanism underlying this taste aversion learning is energy expenditure caused by the running. The energy expenditure hypothesis predicts that running-based taste aversion should be alleviated by a calorie supply since this would compensate for the energy expended by running. Accordingly, running-based taste aversion would be less readily established to a caloric substance (20% sucrose solution) than to a noncaloric substance (0.2% sodium saccharin solution). Because the sucrose and saccharin aversions were equivalent in Experiment 1, the validity of the energy expenditure hypothesis was questioned. Experiments 2 and 3 also pose a problem for this hypothesis, as post-session ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5146119 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5146119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5146118&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21843568%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lally P, Bartle N, Wardle J Abstract We hypothesized that adolescents misperceive social norms for food consumption, and aimed to test this, and examine associations between perceived norms and dietary behaviours. School pupils (n=264) in the UK, aged 16-19 years, completed a questionnaire about their own attitudes to, and intake of, fruits and vegetables, unhealthy snacks and sugar-sweetened drinks, and their perceptions of their peers' attitudes to (injunctive norms), and intake of (descriptive norms), the same foods. Misperceptions were calculated from differences between perceived norms and median self-reports of peer groups. Respondents overestimated their peers' intake of snacks by 1.8 portions a week, and sugar-sweetened drinks by 5.2 portions, and overestimated how... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5146118 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5146118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5124682&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21824502%26dopt%3DAbstract We report a study designed to investigate consumers' crossmodal associations between the color of packaging and flavor varieties in crisps (potato chips). This product category was chosen because of the long-established but conflicting color-flavor conventions that exist for the salt and vinegar and cheese and onion flavor varieties in the UK. The use of both implicit and explicit measures of this crossmodal association revealed that consumers responded more slowly, and made more errors, when they had to pair the color and flavor that they implicitly thought of as being "incongruent" with the same response key. Furthermore, clustering consumers by the brand that they normally purchased revealed that the main reason why this pattern of results was observed could be their differing acquainta... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5124682 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5124682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5124681&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21824503%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meule A, Westenhöfer J, Kübler A Both food cravings and rigid dietary control strategies have been implicated in low dieting success while flexible control often is associated with successful weight loss. An online survey was conducted (N=616) to test the mediational role of food cravings between dietary control strategies and self-perceived dieting success. Food cravings fully mediated the inverse relationship between rigid control and dieting success. Contrarily, flexible control predicted dieting success independently of food cravings, which were negatively associated with dieting success. Differential mechanisms underlie the relationship between rigid and flexible control of eating behavior and dieting success. PMID: 21824503 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Sour... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5124681 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5124681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5124680&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21824504%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dawkins L, Shahzad FZ, Ahmed SS, Edmonds CJ We explored whether caffeine, and expectation of having consumed caffeine, affects attention, reward responsivity and mood using double-blinded methodology. 88 participants were randomly allocated to 'drink-type' (caffeinated/decaffeinated coffee) and 'expectancy' (told caffeinated/told decaffeinated coffee) manipulations. Both caffeine and expectation of having consumed caffeine improved attention and psychomotor speed. Expectation enhanced self-reported vigour and reward responsivity. Self-reported depression increased at post-drink for all participants, but less in those receiving or expecting caffeine. These results suggest caffeine expectation can affect mood and performance but do not support a synergistic effect. PMID: 218... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5124680 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5124680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5124683&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21816186%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Riet JV, Sijtsema SJ, Dagevos H, De Bruijn GJ There is ample evidence to suggest that a significant part of daily eating behaviours consists of habits. In line with this, the concept of habit is increasingly incorporated into studies investigating the behavioural and psychosocial determinants of food choice, yielding evidence that habit is one of the most powerful predictors of eating behaviour. Research shows that habitual behaviour is fundamentally different from non-habitual behaviour: when behaviour is habitual, people require little information to make decisions, intentions are poor predictors of behaviour, and behaviour is triggered by situational cues. These insights have vast implications for research in the food domain that are only just beginning to be addressed. Als... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5124683 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5124683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5124687&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21801770%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vereijken CM, Weenen H, Hetherington MM Infant feeding is a challenging and intricate process. Food intake is shaped by prior experience of flavours derived from the maternal diet in utero and via human milk, by ongoing experience of foods eaten during the first years of life including the variety, types and frequency of foods offered. The ways in which parents interact with their children including the way foods are presented, the emotional context they cultivate and the feeding practices they use can influence their children's eating habits, either positively or negatively. There is a mismatch between what government guidelines advise parents in relation to the "when, what and how" to feed children including during the weaning period and what parents actually do. Acquisition... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5124687 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5124687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5124686&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21801771%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to evaluate this phenomenon as a function of the nature of the stimulus (odors evoking edible and non-edible items, and the food odors evoking fatty and non-fat foods) and to compare the effectiveness of two reward evaluations (measures of pleasantness and appetence) to reveal alliesthesia. The results showed that both fatty and non-fat food odors were judged as less pleasant and less appetent when the subjects were satiated than when they were hungry, whereas no such difference was observed for non-food odors. There was a greater decrease in appetence than there was in pleasantness. Moreover, the decrease in appetence was greater for fatty than for non-fat food odors, whereas the decrease in pleasantness was similar for both fatty and non-fat food odors. Our study allows ... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5124686 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5124686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5124685&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21801772%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Olsen A, van Belle C, Meyermann K, Keller KL We investigated effects of manipulating fat content of familiar foods at two test-meals in 74, 4-6-year-old children. Liking, energy intake, and weight-based food intake were assessed for a meal consisting of macaroni and cheese, pudding, chocolate milk and regular milk in high-fat and low-fat versions. Liking ratings and consumption by weight did not differ between versions, but energy intake was 59% greater with the high-fat version. We conclude that manipulating fat content had little effect on liking and weight-based food intake, but markedly influenced overall energy intake, and thus might provide a means of lowering children's energy consumption. PMID: 21801772 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5124685 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5124685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5124684&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21801773%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kozak AT, Fought A Low distress tolerance is an inability to withstand negative emotions. The connection between low distress tolerance and addiction to cigarettes, alcohol, and illegal drugs has been established. The purpose of the current study was to extend this work to overeating, which is an important symptom of food addiction. We investigated whether low distress tolerance was related to overeating as measured by the emotional and external eating scales of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and the disinhibition scale of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. Participants were 225 college students with a median age of 19; 32% were overweight or obese. Linear regression models adjusting for sex and BMI demonstrated significant inverse associations among distress tole... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5124684 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5124684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5075187&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21784114%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hetherington MM, Cecil J, Jackson DM, Schwartz C Following a workshop on infant feeding held at the Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen on March 17, 2010 experts were invited to exchanges ideas and to review evidence on both pre and post natal dietary environments in shaping children's eating habits. A central theme during the workshop was the idea of "sensitive periods" during infancy for learning about foods and a particular focus was developed around acceptance and intake of fruits and vegetables. Presentations covered the guidelines provided by various governments on how to feed infants during weaning; the importance of the in utero experience; the impact of varying the sensory experience at weaning; the effect of parenting styles and practices... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5075187 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5075187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5075188&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21777634%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jensen MG, Kristensen M, Astrup A This randomized, controlled, 2-week intervention study in 24 obese subjects tested the effect on body weight loss and gastrointestinal tolerance of consuming low viscous alginate fibre-based preloads of 3% concentration (500ml volume) three times a day as an adjuvant to a calorie-restricted diet. The pilot study showed that intake of the alginate preloads was moderately acceptable to the majority of subjects but did not produce additional body weight loss beyond calorie restriction (-1.42±0.38kg) (n=12) compared to control group (-1.56±0.21kg) (n=8). These results do not support that alginate supplementation enhance the weight loss effects of a hypo-caloric diet, but a sufficiently powered long-term study is needed to explore whether alginat... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5075188 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5075188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5075189&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21771621%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we hypothesized that growth in infancy, a critical window for metabolic programming, would be predicted by measures of infant surgency/extraversion, assessed using the Rothbart Infant Behaviour Questionnaire (revised version). Anthropometry was measured at birth and at 3, 6 and 12 months, and weight gains expressed as increases in standardized scores, allowing for adjustment for gender and age, including gestational age. We used conditional weight (CW), a residual of current weight regressed on prior weights, to represent deviations from expected weight gains, from 0 to 3, 3 to 6 and 6 to 12 months. Controlling for significant sociodemographic correlations, multiple regression analyses showed significant prediction of CWs at 3 months but not of CWs at 6 or 12 months by surge... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5075189 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5075189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5075190&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21763740%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chan JC, Sobal J Prior research suggests that frequent family meals are associated with lower body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents. The primary focus of this study was examining associations of reported frequency of family meals with reported BMI for multiple members of family units that included adults and adolescents. A secondary focus was examining settings for family meals and body weight (home and away from home). A cross-sectional survey recruited 327 individuals in 103 family units visiting one U.S. University. Results revealed that for individuals, frequency of family meals at home was inversely related with BMI, while frequency of family meals away from home was directly related with BMI. Family role analyses showed that frequency of family meals eaten... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5075190 Wed, 06 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5075190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027757&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21745511%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the effect of the blockade of the MnR α(1)-adrenergic receptors of free feeding rats as an attempt to elucidate the functional role of these receptors in the control of feeding behavior. In addition, an α(2)-receptor antagonist was also administered in the MnR in order to strengthen the previous suggestion that α(2)-adrenergic receptors participate in the control of feeding behavior, probably decreasing the facilitatory influence on MnR serotonergic neurons. The α(1)-adrenergic antagonist prazosin (PRA, 40nmol) or vehicle was injected into the MnR 15min before treatment with phenylephrine (PHE, 0.2nmol). The α(2)-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine (YOH, 40nmol) was administered 15min before clonidine (CLO, 20nmol) or vehicle in free-feeding rats. After the injecti... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027757 Fri, 01 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027756&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21745512%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cooke LJ, Chambers LC, Añez EV, Wardle J Using rewards in child feeding is commonplace and viewed as effective by parents, although some express concern about using 'bribery'. Psychological and economic theorists emphasize the beneficial effects of rewards in enhancing performance, although, there is evidence that the offer of rewards undermines intrinsic motivation and decreases enjoyment of the rewarded task. In the food domain, results have been mixed, but this may be explained, at least partly in terms of the measured outcome (liking vs intake) and the initial level of motivation towards the target foods (liked vs disliked). Where intake is the outcome, rewards have had broadly positive effects, but when it is liking, rewards can have negative effects if the target food i... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027756 Fri, 01 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027758&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21740941%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined mothers' and fathers' perceptions of their two children's temperaments as well as reports of the feeding practices and attitudes they use with each child. Fifty-five mothers and fathers completed questionnaires including the Carey Temperament Scales and the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Results from correlation analyses showed that 6 of the 9 father reports of temperament between two siblings were positively related, whereas 1 of the 9 mother reports were positively related. Mothers' and fathers' perceptions of temperament were positively correlated for a single child. Some patterns were found between parental reports of sibling temperament and child feeding practices and attitudes, suggesting that temperament plays a role in how parents feed their children. PMID: 2174... Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027758 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027759&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21736907%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brooks KR, Lusk JL In January 2008, the United States Food and Drug Administration concluded "meat and milk from cattle, swine, and goat clones or their offspring are as safe to eat as food we eat from those species now" (U.S. FDA, 2010). However, cloning remains a very controversial topic. A web-based survey administered by Knowledge Networks was used to determine U.S. consumers' awareness of and attitudes toward meat and milk from cloned cattle. Findings reveal consumers do not differentiate much between products from cloned animals and products from non-cloned animals. Overall consumers are concerned that animal cloning is an unnatural process and that it will lead to human cloning. PMID: 21736907 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027759 Tue, 28 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027763&cid=s_34514_28_f&fid=34514&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21718732%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrated some benefit of chewing gum which could be of utility to those seeking an aid to appetite control. PMID: 21718732 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Appetite) Appetite journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027763 Sun, 26 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027763