MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Applied Psychology' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 02:31:34 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5612370&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00481.x The effectiveness of meditation as a tool to recover from stress has already been widely established. However, less is known about the potential psychological mediating and moderating mechanisms affecting its effectiveness. The present study aimed to advance insight in this respect by examining the mediating role of the recovery experiences “relaxation”, “mastery”, and “detachment”, and by studying the moderating role of intrinsic motivation. To this purpose, after completion of a stress‐inducing speech preparation task, 100 participants were randomly assigned to either a 15‐minute guided imagery meditation exercise or to a 15‐minute radio interview on meditation. Subjectively experienced stress and serenity were included as measures of (recovery from) stress. These measu... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5612370 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5612370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5612369&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00482.x The study investigated whether mastery motivational strategies could enhance the effectiveness of life skills interventions for HIV education through sport. A quasi field experimental study was conducted in Tanzania with at‐risk children (n= 564) randomly grouped into two intervention groups and one control group. The intervention groups received AIDS education using trained peer coaches in football, with one group using mastery strategies. Children in the intervention groups all reported significantly greater HIV knowledge, and positive attitudes and safe‐sex behavioural intentions. The mastery motivational strategies reliably enhanced risk reduction for some of the variables. Canonical correlation analysis revealed meaningful relationships of mastery strategies with the variables. Th... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5612369 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5612369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5612368&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00483.x This study uses a multi‐level approach to examine the moderating influence of two aspects of the ethical context on the relationship between ethical leadership and follower helping and courtesy. Using multi‐source data from a field sample of leaders and followers and controlling for transformational leadership, we found that shared perceptions of moral awareness and empathic concern of the work group moderated the relationship between ethical leadership and follower helping and courtesy. Relationships between individual and group‐level perceptions of ethical leadership and these two follower behaviors were positive when moral awareness was low, whereas these relationships weakened when moral awareness was higher. The relationship between individual and group perceptions of ethical le... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5612368 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5612368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5497152&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00480.x Although top‐down selection is the gold standard for making personnel decisions, several administrative assumptions must be met for it to be effective. We discuss three of these assumptions and test two of them: (1) top applicants will accept an offer, and (2) the time organisations give applicants to consider an offer will not influence the availability of next‐tier applicants. We also examine the effectiveness of top‐down selection by comparing it to an administratively simpler procedure, random selection above a threshold. Using archival admissions data from three university graduate psychology programs, we found that top applicants were less likely to accept an offer; however, waiting time did not influence applicant availability. In comparing the quality of applicants actually s... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5497152 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 20:05:58 +0100 5497152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5479167&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00466.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5479167 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 19:42:51 +0100 5479167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5443873&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00475.x This study aims to compare intervention strategies in their efficiency in changing behaviour and to analyse which behavioural factors are differentially affected. The following factors were analysed in this study: intention, subjective norm, behavioural control, beliefs, habits, frequency of talking, knowledge and tension. The promotion strategies used in this intervention study were promoters, a pass‐on task, prompts, public commitment and disseminating knowledge with inducing tension. Inhabitants of high‐density areas near Harare, Zimbabwe, were interviewed at different points in time. High SODIS consumption was achieved when the promoter intervention was followed by a memory‐aiding technique such as prompts or public commitment. Consequently, this combined‐intervention strategy ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5443873 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5443873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5443872&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00476.x Across three studies, we investigated the moderating role of trait anger in the relationship between workplace stressors and counterproductive work behaviors (CWB). In Study 1, all the variables were measured using self‐reports. In Study 2, workplace stressors were measured using co‐worker reports, trait anger was measured using significant other reports, and CWB was measured using self‐reports. In Study 3, we measured workplace stressors at Time 1, trait anger at Time 2 (6 months later), and objective indicators of CWB at Time 3 (12 months after Time 2). Convergent results were obtained across the three studies, with positive associations between workplace stressors and CWB, trait anger and CWB, and with trait anger moderating the relationship between stressors and CWB. (Source: App... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5443872 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5443872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5443871&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00477.x This article proposes that when the initial request is exceptional or odd, then even if it is easy and is fulfilled by nearly everyone it will still enhance people's inclination to fulfill the subsequent, much more complicated request. This assumption was verified in three experiments. (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5443871 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5443871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5443870&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00478.x The present research compared a distributive fairness model of EU transfer payments (Hartner, Rechberger, Kirchler, & Wenzel, 2011) between three countries: Austria, the Czech Republic, and the UK. The model postulates an interplay between EU‐tax compliance, distributive fairness, outcome favorability as well as national and European identification. Results across countries showed that EU‐tax compliance was positively related to distributive justice, which was in turn related to outcome favorability and identification. National identifiers perceived EU membership as unfavorable in financial and socio‐political terms, and thus considered the transfer payments as less fair. Dual identifiers perceived the socio‐political outcomes as more favorable, and thus evaluated the transfer ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5443870 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5443870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5326358&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00473.x This study examines how importance of the conflict issue moderates the association between task and relationship conflict. In addition, the hypothesis was tested that the interaction between task conflict and issue importance on relationship conflict is mediated by task conflict emotionality. A sample of 50 teams provided data for this study. Results confirmed the buffering effect of conflict issue importance. When teams fight about important task issues, no association between task conflict and relationship conflict was found. This effect could be partially attributed to the decrease in negative emotions present in teams during important task conflicts. The implications of this study are described and directions for future research are indicated. (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5326358 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5326358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5443869&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00479.x Drawing on recent theoretical developments in cognitive and social psychology, self‐control demands were introduced as a new source of stress at work. Affective organisational commitment was expected to operate as a buffer in the relation between self‐control demands and indicators of job strain. Data provided by 260 nurses in homes for elderly people revealed both significant relationships of self‐control demands and commitment to a broad spectrum of strain indicators that included not only self‐report measures (burnout, psychosomatic complaints, intentions of quitting), but also a measure of absenteeism. Self‐control demands were positively related to all indicators of job strain, whereas the associations were negative for affective commitment. In addition, the results provided... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5443869 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5443869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5326357&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00474.x We examined the nature of how range is experienced in an EV and whether variables from other adaptation contexts, notably stress, have explanatory power for inter‐individual differences in what we term comfortable range. Forty EVs were leased to a sample of users for a 6‐month field study. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of range experiences were performed, including regression analyses to examine the role of stress‐buffering personality traits and coping skills in comfortable range. Users appraised range as a resource to which they could successfully adapt and that satisfied most of their daily mobility needs. However, indicators were found that suggested suboptimal range utilisation. Stress‐buffering personality traits (control beliefs, ambiguity tolerance) and coping skill... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5326357 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5326357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5213093&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00470.x We investigate factors that skilled immigrants can improve in order to have better job search outcomes, in particular to avoid underemployment. We test an unfolding model which considers barriers faced by skilled immigrants during their job search (language and cultural barriers, and the lack of social support in the receiving country), job search constructs and job search outcomes (including underemployment). We collected data through an online questionnaire and obtained 357 usable responses from skilled immigrants in Canada. The hypotheses were tested with partial least squares (PLS). Language fluency and cultural knowledge were positively related to both job search clarity and job search self‐efficacy. Social support was only related to job search self‐efficacy. Job search clarity w... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5213093 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 09:44:17 +0100 5213093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5213094&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00469.x A two‐study investigation was designed to examine the role of job type (i.e. fit of political skill to work context) as a contextual moderator of the political skill–job performance relationship. Specifically, it was hypothesised that political skill operates most effectively in enterprising job contexts, and thus is most predictive of job performance in such contexts, but political skill would demonstrate no relationship with job performance in job contexts that did not emphasise interpersonal interaction and effectiveness. In Study 1, enterprising job demands interacted with political skill to affect job performance. That is, political skill positively and significantly predicted job performance in enterprising job contexts, as hypothesised. Study 2 selected one specific job context ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5213094 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5213094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5165299&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00467.x The study investigated perceived religious discrimination and three facets of Muslim identity (psychological, behavioural, and visible) as predictors of psychological well‐being (life satisfaction and psychological symptoms) of 153 Muslim women in New Zealand. The results indicated that although visibility (wearing hijab) was associated with greater perceived discrimination, it predicted positive psychological outcomes. Analysis further revealed that the psychological (pride, belongingness, and centrality) and behavioural (engaging in Islamic practices) facets of Muslim identity moderated the relationship between perceived religious discrimination and well‐being. A strong psychological affiliation with Islam exacerbated the negative relationship between perceived religious discriminati... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5165299 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 20:44:46 +0100 5165299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149741&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00472.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149741 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 21:33:58 +0100 5149741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149740&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00471.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149740 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 21:33:54 +0100 5149740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149739&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00468.x Integrating distinctiveness theory and contact theory, we develop a conceptual model proposing that prior intercultural contact has mediated effects on international leadership potential via cultural intelligence—but that these effects are stronger for majorities. Results of two samples of working adults, using both self‐report (n= 441, Study 1) and matched employee‐observer (n= 181, Study 2) data provide strong support for the model. Cultural intelligence mediates the effects of prior intercultural contact on international leadership potential. Further, moderated mediation analyses demonstrate that cultural intelligence mediates the relationship between prior intercultural contact and international leadership potential for majorities, but not for minorities. The current study offers... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149739 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 21:33:47 +0100 5149739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013178&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00462.x Destructive criticism is negative feedback that is inconsiderate in style and content, which exists at the intersection of performance feedback and interpersonal mistreatment. The current research integrates these literatures with an investigation of the effects of destructive versus constructive criticism from a co‐worker on recipients' relational appraisals, emotions, and task outcomes. Drawing from theorising about cognitive appraisals after personal affronts, we first propose that those who experience destructive criticism are more likely than those who experience constructive criticism to (a) perceive that the feedback‐giver intended to harm them, (b) blame the feedback‐giver, (c) distrust the feedback‐giver, and (d) feel anger. Second, with regard to task‐related outcomes, ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013178 Sat, 09 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5054603&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00464.x An analysis of individual and organisational determinants of energy‐related behaviors in office buildings and the interplay between the two is presented. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with office workers from four organisations in two Dutch provinces. The results indicate that, overall, work efficiency and productivity was prioritised over energy conservation. In general, self‐efficacy was the most salient individual determinant, and social norm the least discussed determinant of current office energy‐related behaviors. Nevertheless, both self‐efficacy and social norm elements were encountered in employees' proposed strategies to achieve future office energy‐saving. Formal and informal aspects of the organisational context were found to equally affect individual dete... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5054603 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5054603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013177&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00463.x Internal attribution for bad events, along with stable and global attributions, has been regarded as a component of pessimism, a precursor of negative work outcomes. Most evidence in support of this conceptualisation has come from research conducted in individualist cultures. We questioned if internal attribution has the same pessimistic implication in a collectivist culture. Findings from two studies conducted on Chinese employees supported our expectations that the stability and globality dimensions (but not the internality dimension) would predict disengagement responses (such as quitting and being neglectful at work) and lack of engagement responses (such as voicing suggestions and being loyal to the organisation). A reconceptualisation of pessimism in the workplace is therefore necess... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013177 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4972298&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00461.x In this paper we briefly review the construct of personal values, and we examine whether achievement values may be incrementally related to performance beyond personality. We also consider the motivational processes that may mediate the relationships between characteristics of the individual (personality and values) and performance. In an academic setting, achievement values were related to course performance even after controlling for the relevant personality factors of Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Extraversion. Further, motivational processes of goal content and goal striving mediated the relationships between individual characteristics (personality and values) and performance. (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4972298 Tue, 28 Jun 2011 03:04:42 +0100 4972298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4941055&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00460.x This study examines the concept of engagement in samples of volunteers from different non‐profit organisations. Study 1 analyzes the psychometric properties of the abbreviated version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) (Schaufeli, Bakker, & Salanova, 2006a). Two factorial structures are examined: one‐dimensional and three‐dimensional structures. Based on the Three‐Stage Model of Volunteers' Duration of Service (Chacón, Vecina, & Dávila, 2007), Study 2 investigates the relationship between engagement, volunteer satisfaction, and intention to remain in a sample of new volunteers and the relationship between engagement, organisational commitment, and intention to remain in a sample of veteran volunteers. Moderated mediation analysis is provided using duration of ser... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4941055 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 00:24:38 +0100 4941055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4941058&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00457.x This experiment examined how perceptions of advantage and disadvantage determine performance in a competitive context. We distinguished between internal and external efficacy, and manipulated external efficacy by inducing perceptions of advantaged or disadvantaged starting positions in a competition, keeping the actual positions equal. The treatment increased the performance of the advantaged party and decreased the performance of the disadvantaged party. In addition, measured external and internal efficacy had qualitatively different effects on performance. The results are explained by the idea that losses loom larger than gains. (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4941058 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4941058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4941057&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00458.x Several studies in the organisational citizenship behavior (OCB) literature have focused on the main effects of employee dispositions and job attitudes. The current study builds upon previous findings by examining whether core self‐evaluations (CSE) moderate the relationship between job attitudes and OCBs. Consistent with our hypotheses and with the notion that CSE contributes to one's general level of initiative and self‐confidence, data collected from 200 New Zealand workers found that the job attitude–OCB relationship was stronger for workers who were high in CSE than for workers who were low in CSE. (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4941057 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4941057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4941056&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00459.x Results from predominantly US‐based research have shown that personality can partly explain job satisfaction. As the issue of globalisation grows in importance for organisations, I researched in this study whether meta‐analytic findings on the relationships between job satisfaction and the Big Five personality traits extraversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism would hold in a tight and collectivistic Asian society. Additionally, I expected that in a tight and collectivistic society the personality trait agreeableness would have a strong positive relationship with job satisfaction. Study participants were 354 employees from organisations in Singapore. Results confirmed that extraversion, conscientiousness, non‐neuroticism (emotional stability), and also agreeableness were related... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4941056 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4941056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4907168&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00455.x We propose that problem‐solving demand (PSD) is an important job attribute for employees' creative performance. Applying job design theory, we examined the relationship between PSD and employee creativity. The theorised model was tested with data obtained from a sample of 270 employees and their supervisors from three Chinese organisations. Regression results revealed that PSD was positively related to creativity, and this relationship was mediated by creative self‐efficacy. Additionally, intrinsic motivation moderated the relationship between PSD and creative self‐efficacy such that the relationship was stronger for individuals with high rather than low intrinsic motivation. We discuss our findings, implications for practice, and future research. (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4907168 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 17:16:10 +0100 4907168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4907174&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00449.x In order to explain the diverging well‐being outcomes of workaholism, this study aimed to examine the motivational orientations that may fuel the two main components of workaholism (i.e. working excessively and working compulsively). Drawings on Self‐Determination Theory, both autonomous and controlled motivation were suggested to drive excessive work, which therefore was expected to relate positively to both well‐being (i.e. vigor) and ill‐health (i.e. exhaustion). Compulsive work, in contrast, was hypothesised to originate exclusively out of controlled motivation and therefore to only associate positively with ill‐being. Structural equation modeling in a heterogeneous sample of Belgian white‐collar workers (N= 370) confirmed that autonomous motivation associated positively wi... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4907174 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4907174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4907173&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00450.x This study investigated whether vocational identity achievement mediates the relation between basic personality dispositions (i.e. core self‐evaluations) and career and well‐being outcomes in terms of job and life satisfaction. Two studies with Swiss adolescents were conducted. Study 1 (N= 310) investigated students in eighth grade, prior to making the transition to vocational education and training (VET); it showed that vocational identity related positively to life satisfaction but that this relationship disappeared once core self‐evaluations were controlled. Study 2 (N= 150) investigated students in their second year of VET; it showed that job satisfaction was unrelated to identity and self‐evaluations. However, identity fully mediated the relation between self‐evaluations and... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4907173 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4907173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4907172&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00451.x Although a considerable amount of theoretical and empirical attention has been devoted to understanding individuals' responses to goal–performance discrepancies (GPDs), little attention has been devoted to examining how teams respond to GPDs. The present research sought to examine how teams responded to negative GPDs. We predicted that failing to reach higher goals would be perceived as less negative than failing to reach lower goals, and we examined the moderating influence of setting higher versus lower goals on how teams responded to performance that fell short of those goals. We also examined the role that efficacy beliefs that were formed early in those teams played in further explaining these effects. Results from 94 teams who all failed to reach self‐set goals revealed that team... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4907172 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4907172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4907171&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00452.x We report on two studies in which we measured army cadets' tendencies to engage in two types of self‐enhancement: communal self‐enhancement (a moralistic bias in self‐presentation) and agentic self‐enhancement (an egotistic bias in self‐presentation). These self‐presentation styles were then related to their selection and performance as military leaders. In Study 1, scores on self‐enhancement questionnaires were used to predict selection decisions for 206 applicants to an army officer training program. We found that applicants who were higher in either communal or agentic self‐enhancement were more likely to be accepted for leadership training. In Study 2, we evaluated peer and superior ratings of 94 military cadets' leadership, reflecting leadership emergence and leadershi... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4907171 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4907171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4907170&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00454.x Previous research has distinguished between two types of working hard: workaholism, a “bad” type of working hard, and work engagement, a “good” type of working hard. However, the motivations underlying workaholism and work engagement have not been examined extensively. Building on Deci and Ryan's Self‐Determination Theory, the present study examined the motivational correlates of workaholism, work engagement, and burnout (a possible consequence of working hard), using data from Chinese health care professionals (544 nurses and 216 physicians), and controlling for job demands and resources. As expected, structural equation modeling revealed that high levels of workaholism were associated with high levels of introjected regulation and identified regulation; that high levels of work... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4907170 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4907170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4907169&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00453.x The present study explored the availability of flexible work arrangements (FWA) and their relationship with manager outcomes of job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and work‐to‐family conflict (WFC) across country clusters. We used individualism and collectivism to explain differences in FWA availability across Latin American, Anglo, and Asian clusters. Managers from the Anglo cluster were more likely to report working in organisations that offer FWA compared to managers from other clusters. For Anglo managers, flextime was the only FWA that had significant favorable relationships with the outcome variables. For Latin Americans, part‐time work negatively related with turnover intentions and strain‐based WFC. For Asians, flextime was unrelated to time‐based WFC, and telecommutin... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4907169 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4907169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4835483&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00456.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4835483 Thu, 19 May 2011 15:35:11 +0100 4835483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4673170&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00442.x The present study tested with 142 families a structural model of the interplay of perceived dyadic and collective forms of efficacy within the interdependent family system, and how these different forms of efficacy are structurally related to quality of family functioning and satisfaction with family life. Dyadic parent–child efficacy, dyadic spousal efficacy, and filial efficacy were linked to family satisfaction through the mediating impact of collective family efficacy. A high sense of collective family efficacy was accompanied by open family communication and candid disclosure by adolescents of their activities outside the home. Collective family efficacy contributed to parents' and adolescents' satisfaction with their family life both directly and through its impact on quality of fa... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4673170 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4673170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633581&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00448.x International statistics indicate that occupational, or work‐related driving, crashes are the most common cause of workplace injury, death, and absence from work. The majority of research examining unsafe driver behavior in the workplace has relied on general road safety questionnaires. However, past research has failed to consider the organisational context in the use of these questionnaires, and thus, there is ambiguity in the dimensions constituting occupational driving. Using a theoretical model developed by Hockey (1993, 1997), this article proposes and validates a new scale of occupational driver behavior. This scale incorporates four dimensions of driver behavior that are influenced by demanding workplace conditions: speeding, rule violation, inattention, and driving while tired. ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633581 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 23:47:46 +0100 4633581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633582&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00447.x This research examined the nomological network of cognitive and affective regulation with two scales developed to operationalise these constructs within complex performance domains. Data demonstrated that cognitive and affective regulation were differentially related to self‐regulatory, affective, and achievement variables at the inter‐ and intra‐individual levels. Psychometric properties of each scale were supported via confirmatory factor analyses and multilevel modeling. Study 1 established support for internal consistency, unidimensionality, and construct validity; Study 2 cross‐validated the scales in a different performance context; and Study 3 demonstrated utility for capturing intra‐individual changes in self‐regulation and predicting performance. This research highligh... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633582 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4633582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4618529&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00439.x Journalists and media assistants in many places are murdered, imprisoned, censored, threatened, and similarly harrassed. Here I document that, and explain why, there are three climato‐economic niches of press repression versus press freedom as part of broader syndromes of national culture. A 175‐nation coding of documents by scientific analysts, survey responses from top executives in 123 countries, and participative observations by journalists in 155 countries led to basically the same findings. Cultures of press repression, survival values, and collectivism are most prevalent in poor countries with demanding cold or hot climates. Cultures of press freedom, self‐expression values, and individualism are most prevalent in rich countries with demanding cold or hot climates. Intermediat... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4618529 Tue, 22 Mar 2011 21:41:53 +0100 4618529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4556657&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00446.x In this study, we not only suggest that good LMX increases job satisfaction, but that job satisfaction can also enhance high‐quality supervisor–employee relationships. A full cross‐lagged panel analysis was used to test reciprocal relationships between LMX and job satisfaction. Employees (N= 279) of a large information technology company filled out questionnaires at two times, with a time lag of 3 months. In line with our predictions, findings revealed a positive relationship between LMX and job satisfaction both at Time 1 and Time 2. Moreover, LMX at Time 1 predicted the increase of job satisfaction at Time 2, and job satisfaction at Time 1 predicted the increase of LMX at Time 2. The results demonstrate the need to consider reciprocal relationships between job satisfaction and LMX ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4556657 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 17:20:03 +0100 4556657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4556661&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00438.x Through nature conservation practices, farmers can strongly enhance nature quality and biodiversity in rural areas. In this paper, the social psychological underpinnings of farmers' nature conservation practices are investigated using the Theory of Planned Behavior, to which the concepts of self‐identity and personal norms were added. A distinction is made between nature conservation practices done on a non‐subsidised basis and nature conservation practices for which farmers receive some form of remuneration from the Dutch government. Eighty‐five arable farmers participated in our survey. Results show that our model explains more variance in the intention to perform non‐subsidised than subsidised nature conservation practices. Also, the concepts of self‐identity and personal norm... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4556661 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4556661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4556660&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00440.x Recovery from work stress is crucial in avoiding stress‐related ill‐health. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate whether processes that prolong the mental exposure to work stressors, such as inability to withdraw from work (IW), the core construct in overcommitment, predicts fatigue and poor next‐day recovery 6 months later over what is predicted by job control and job demands. Self‐ratings in questionnaires were completed by 160 women working in dental care at two time points, 6 months apart. Job demands, job control, and IW were used to predict fatigue and poor next‐day recovery, respectively. Multiple regression analyses show that having children living at home, high job demands, and high IW were associated with fatigue 6 months later. Job demands and IW, but ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4556660 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4556660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4556659&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00441.x Drawing from past research suggesting that high prior commitment leads to stronger reactions to unfairness in the workplace (Brockner, Tyler, & Cooper‐Schneider, 1992), we predicted that those forming relational as opposed to transactional psychological contracts would exhibit stronger detrimental effects of felt violation on job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and job performance. We also predicted a combined effect of personality and violation on these outcomes. Self‐ and supervisor‐reported data (N= 331 dyads) collected from a variety of organisations supported our predictions. In general, relational contract terms were associated with stronger violation–outcome relationships, and transactional contract terms were associated with weaker relationships. Similarly, four of t... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4556659 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4556659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4556658&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00445.x In this study, we hypothesised that Extraversion would moderate the relationship between Honesty‐Humility and workplace deviance. In particular, we posited that the relation between Honesty‐Humility and workplace deviance would be stronger among employees who are high on Extraversion than among those low on Extraversion. The hypothesis was tested using three different samples across Australia, Canada, and the Netherlands. It was found in two of the three samples that high levels of Extraversion did indeed amplify the relationship between (low) Honesty‐Humility and workplace deviance. Results suggest a potentially important role for multiplicative effects of personality variables on workplace criteria. (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4556658 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4556658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4556662&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00444.x The present paper scrutinises the work environment hypothesis of bullying by examining relationships between psychosocial factors at work and bullying within departments on a group level of analysis, as compared to the many studies executed on an individual level of analysis. Relationships between quantitative demands, job control, role demands, leadership behaviour and social climate, and observed bullying were studied in a convenience sample consisting of 276 departments with a total of 4,064 respondents. Between‐group bivariate correlations showed relatively strong relationships (r > .52) between the predictors social climate, leadership behaviour, and role demands, respectively, and observed bullying in the department. A two‐factor higher‐level model was formulated for the ind... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4556662 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4556662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4546702&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2011.00443.x Political skill is a social effectiveness construct with a demonstrated capacity to predict job performance. However, because performance prediction research in this area to date has made exclusive use of self‐reports of political skill, and due to frequent distrust of self‐ratings of constructs in important personnel decisions, there is a need to investigate how multiple alternative sources of political skill and job performance measures relate, thus raising both theoretical and methodological issues. In three studies, employing a triadic data collection methodology, and utilising both cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs, this research tested the hypotheses that employee political skill, measured from the perspective of employees' assessor A, will positively predict job perform... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4546702 Fri, 04 Mar 2011 21:10:25 +0100 4546702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4034222&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00433.x Sleep has been considered crucial for recovery, but little is known about the specific associations between the work–family interface and sleep quality. Based on COR theory, the goal of this study is to examine the moderating role of sleep quality on the relationship between work–home interaction (i.e. negative work–home interaction, negative home–work interaction, positive work–home interaction, and positive home–work interaction) and psychological strain. A total of 273 ambulance workers from Spain participated in the study. Multiple regression analyses revealed that sleep quality moderated the relationship between negative and positive home–work interaction and psychological strain. Findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications. (Source: A... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4034222 Wed, 06 Oct 2010 18:18:55 +0100 4034222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4034221&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00434.x The résumé is the most commonly used selection tool for organisations. Past studies have demonstrated that recruiter hiring recommendations can be predicted based on the content of applicant résumés. However, the mechanisms underlying the links between résumé contents and hiring recommendations remain unclear. The present study extends previous research by examining the mediating roles of recruiters' multi‐faceted fit perceptions in a field setting. Data were collected from 216 organisational recruiters who participated in campus recruitment at seven universities in Taiwan. The results showed that applicant work experience and educational background increased recruiter hiring recommendations through recruiter perceived person–job (P–J) fit. In addition, applicant work experienc... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4034221 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4034221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4016146&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00429.x A longitudinal test of the Job Demands‐Resources (JD‐R) model of work stress and engagement (Bakker & Demerouti, 2007 (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4016146 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 18:18:44 +0100 4016146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3814930&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00424.x Job resources have a protective role in minimising job strain and associated adverse outcomes. Although autonomy and support are recognised as valuable resources across nearly all occupations, relatively few occupation-specific resources have been identified within the literature. We studied global (general) emotional resources and an occupation-specific emotional resource (camaraderie) as potential buffers against the deleterious effects of emotional demands on emergency responders. A random sample of 547 volunteer fire-fighters completed an anonymous survey. Through path analysis we identified significant main and interaction effects of emotional demands and resources on psychological strain and burnout. Camaraderie, the specific resource, had the most consistent protective effects again... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3814930 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3814930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3814937&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00435.x Taking Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory as our starting point, we tested how efficacy beliefs (self-efficacy and perceived collective efficacy) reciprocally influence activity engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption) indirectly through their impact on positive affect (enthusiasm, satisfaction, and comfort) over time. We conducted two longitudinal studies using independent samples. Study 1 is a two-wave longitudinal field study that examines gain cycles regarding the dynamic relationships among self-efficacy, positive affect, and work engagement in 274 secondary school teachers. Study 2 is a three-wave longitudinal laboratory study about gain spirals in the dynamic relationships among collective efficacy beliefs, positive affect, and task engagement in 100 university students working... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3814937 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3814937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3814936&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00436.x The current research investigated whether employees' self-construals moderated the effects of supplementary fit and complementary fit on their work-related outcomes (i.e. affective commitment and citizenship behavior). An organisational sample of 317 Chinese employees provided evidence that the relations between supplementary fit and these two work-related outcomes were stronger among employees with a higher interdependent self-construal. Conversely, the relations between complementary fit and work-related outcomes were stronger among employees with a higher independent self-construal. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3814936 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3814936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3814935&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00426.x The research examined perceptions of Chinese immigrants held by New Zealanders of European and Maori descent. The study (N = 318) adopted an intergroup perspective to test a predictive model of attitudes toward immigrants. It was based on a nation-wide survey with prospective respondents randomly selected from the New Zealand Electoral rolls. Findings revealed that Maori differed from their European counterparts in predictable ways, reporting more relative deprivation and greater perceived threat, and holding more negative outgroup attitudes. Less contact and greater perceived threat predicted more negative attitudes toward immigrants; in addition, when intergroup boundaries were permeable, the link between perceived threat and negative attitudes was stronger in Maori than New Zealand Euro... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3814935 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3814935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3814934&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00427.x The current study investigated the moderating roles of age and trust in the relation of procedural justice with turnover. It was expected that the relation between procedural justice and turnover was weaker for older workers and those with high prior trust in their leader. Older workers are better at regulating their emotions, and focus more on positive aspects of their relationships with others, and therefore react less intensely to unfair treatment. Moreover, people with high trust are more likely to attribute unfair treatment to circumstances instead of deliberate intention than people with low trust. Finally, we expected a three-way interaction between age, trust, and procedural justice in relation to turnover, where older workers with high trust would have less strong reactions than y... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3814934 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3814934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3814933&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00428.x The purpose of this paper is to study the convergent validity of the four most widely used burnout measures in a sample of Chinese nurses (N= 717). First, Structural Equation Modeling was used to investigate the factor structure of scores produced by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), the Burnout Measure (BM), the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM), and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Next, several competing models were tested to investigate the convergent validity of these four burnout instruments. The final results suggest that burnout is best conceived of as a multidimensional construct consisting of exhaustion and withdrawal, which are two related but conceptually distinct aspects. In addition, positively phrased items should be dropped from burnout measu... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3814933 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3814933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3814932&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00431.x This paper contends that satisfaction with management above immediate supervision is a key component of overall job satisfaction. We demonstrate that early job satisfaction researchers regarded this construct as very important, and that practitioners continue to regard the construct as very important. Yet, the visibility of this construct in current academic research is hampered by the absence of a comprehensive and theoretically based measure of the construct. In the present paper, we define the construct and formulate a nomological network for it. We subsequently describe the development of the Satisfaction with Upper and Middle Management (SUMM) scale, and we assess the validity of its scores via four independent samples. Results support our contention that satisfaction with management ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3814932 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3814932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3814931&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00432.x This study examined the impact of personal values on intended self-presentation during job interviews among German, Ghanaian, Norwegian, and Turkish students (total N= 1,474). We also sought to explain cultural differences in self-presentation among these groups. The Cultural Impression Management Scale for applicants (CIM-A) and the Portrait Values Questionnaire were administered. A multigroup MIMIC model with invariant measurement and structural weights was supported, in which achievement, security, and benevolence values predicted a latent impression management factor. Intended impression management scores were significantly higher in the Ghanaian and Turkish samples than in the Norwegian and German samples. Values (achievement and security) accounted for 19.6 per cent of the cross-cult... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3814931 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3814931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3883730&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00424.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3883730 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3883730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3852296&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00425.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3852296 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3852296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3852295&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00422.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3852295 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3852295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3852294&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00428.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3852294 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3852294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3852293&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00435.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3852293 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3852293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3852292&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00432.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3852292 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3852292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3852291&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00436.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3852291 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3852291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3762561&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00425.x We examined needed-at-entry ratings of knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) provided by job experts (N= 285) during a job analysis for a customer service manager position. To serve as an external referent, a group of industrial and organisational psychologists (N= 31) rated the perceived trainability of each KSAO. Analyses revealed only limited support for the validity of inferences drawn from job experts' needed-at-entry ratings. Consistent with our hypotheses, less validity evidence was found for ratings of the more person-oriented and abstract "AO" attributes than for the more job-oriented and concrete "KS" attributes. In general, job experts tended to rate attributes as needed-at-entry that psychologists thought could be developed on the job. We also found th... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3762561 Fri, 16 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3762561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3762564&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00421.x This paper tests the moderating effect of transformational supervisory leadership on the relationship between organisational and group climates, using safety climate in risky operations as an exemplar. Results indicated that under low or poor organisational climate, indicative of limited organisational commitment to employee safety, transformational leaders promoted a higher group climate as compared to the organisational climate. Similarly, under a weak organisational climate, indicative of limited consensus among company employees regarding the priority of safety, transformational leaders promoted a stronger group climate, reflecting greater consensus among group members. This pattern suggests that supervisory leaders can act as gatekeepers, with transformational leaders offering better ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3762564 Thu, 15 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3762564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3762563&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00422.x The present study reports the results of a validation of a German version of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES) and its relationships with career success. Data were collected in three occupational samples to address various aspects of validation. Our results confirm the proposed one-factor structure of the scale as well as convergent, discriminant, criterion, and predictive validity. Furthermore, the German CSES shows incremental validity over the individual core traits (neuroticism, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control), the Big Five, and positive and negative affect. Thus, the German version of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale is a reliable, valid, and economic measure for both research and practical applications. Furthermore, hypothesised relationships of core self-evalua... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3762563 Thu, 15 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3762563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3762562&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00423.x Research investigating predictors of stress perceptions in organisational settings has been extensive. Value incongruence between employees and the organisation as well as organisational justice (distributive, procedural, informational, and interpersonal) are thought to be significant predictors of organisational outcomes. The current study investigated value incongruence and organisational justice as predictors of perceived stress in a sample of 362 organisational employees in Beirut, Lebanon. Results indicated that incongruence on value types of benevolence, power, and self-direction are weakly predictive of perceived stress, while perceptions of interpersonal and distributive injustice are strongly predictive of perceived stress in the Lebanese organisational context. Implications of th... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3762562 Thu, 15 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3762562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3949135&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00430.x Much is known about the general correlates of job insecurity but less about whether the strength of these correlations differs between countries. In order to fill this gap in the literature, the current study explored the correlates of job insecurity as a function of the cultural value of uncertainty avoidance. Specifically, using two samples from countries with very different uncertainty avoidance orientations (Switzerland and the US), we tested whether the relationships of job insecurity with job satisfaction, organisational commitment, and turnover intention are stronger in the Swiss sample. As expected, Swiss respondents scored higher in uncertainty avoidance than their US counterparts. Contrary to expectations, however, the results showed that the relationships between job insecurity ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3949135 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3949135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860489&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00437.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860489 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3860489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3852298&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00407.x Although transformational leadership (TL) is considered a kind of positive leadership, which can elevate followers in the long term, the mechanism of how TL influences employee well‐being remains a relatively untouched area. Based on survey data collected from 745 employees from the People's Republic of China (Beijing, n (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3852298 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3852298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3852290&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00427.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3852290 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3852290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3431590&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00420.x The major purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of workplace sexual harassment in the Turkish context. In Study 1, 53 working women were interviewed to identify culture-relevant behaviors that are considered to be sexual harassment. In Study 2, the factor structure of perceptions was explored. In addition, the way in which these perceptions are related to personal variables (i.e. gender role attitudes, self-esteem, and negative affectivity) was investigated. Participants were 353 women currently employed at various organisations. Five factors were identified: sexist hostility, insinuation of interest, sexual hostility, physical sexual offense, and sexual bribery and coercion. Each factor was regressed on the personal variables. After controlling for relevant demographic and orga... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3431590 Thu, 01 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3431590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3431591&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2010.00419.x The study's objective was to test adolescents' self-regulation based upon Cervone, Shadel, Smith, and Fiori's (2006) knowledge and appraisal personality architecture model. Self-regulation was defined as the relationships between knowledge structures (enduring mental representations of the world) and appraisal processes (dynamic meanings constructed to evaluate various events). In our study, the knowledge variables were authoritarianism and locus of control while appraisal variables were categorized as personal orientation (coping, communication, self-esteem) and relational orientation (perspective taking, empathy, prosocial behavior tendency). The purpose of the study was to identify the relationships between these variables and compare gender differences for each indicator. The participa... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3431591 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3431591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3852297&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00412.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3852297 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3852297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933235&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00412.x Previous studies have documented inconsistent results in terms of the relationship between knowledge workers' perceived training investment and their turnover intentions. In order to clarify the inconsistencies, the present study extends previous research by exploring the moderating roles of perceived demand[ndash]ability (D[ndash]A) job fit and person[ndash]organisation (P[ndash]O) fit. Data were collected from 303 research and development (R&D) engineers from 30 high-technology firms in Taiwan. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses. The results show that perceived D[ndash]A fit, P[ndash]O fit, and perceived training investment interact jointly to predict knowledge workers' turnover intentions. Specifically, while the main effect of perceived training inve... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933235 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2933235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2690354&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00411.x We tested a model in which perceived workload and autonomy were hypothesised to mediate the effects of work hours and caseload on physician burnout. The study was based on data provided by 890 specialists representing six medical specialties. We used structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. Controlling for the effects of gender, seniority, and the specialists' academic affiliation, we found that the study data fit the hypothesised model[mdash]reflecting these hypotheses[mdash]quite well. As expected, workload predicted higher levels of global burnout and physical fatigue, while autonomy predicted lower levels of global burnout. Work hours and caseload predicted global burnout only indirectly, via their effects on either perceived workload or autonomy. These findings suggest tha... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2690354 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2690354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2690355&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00410.x Military technicians (N= 202) of the Telecommunication Maintenance Unit (TMU), as well as military staff (N= 185) in the Italian Air Force (IAF), were administered a questionnaire measuring self- and collective efficacy, perceptions of context (colleagues, direct superior, and top management), organisational commitment, and job satisfaction. Structural equation models support the hypothesised relationship among variables. Self-efficacy and perceptions of context were related to collective efficacy which in turn was related to organisational commitment and job satisfaction. Collective efficacy was explained by self-efficacy and by perceptions of context. In addition, organisational commitment was explained by collective efficacy, more so than job satisfaction. Perceptions of colleagues, dir... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2690355 Mon, 10 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2690355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608655&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00406.x We investigated the effect of interview format and employment equity program strength on perceptions of fairness. We used job seekers and vignettes to test the hypotheses. The participants reported lukewarm support for employment equity programs. The use of a situational interview in the selection process of an organisation that had adopted an employment equity program contributed to higher perceptions of fairness vis-à-vis the use of an unstructured interview. The results also showed that the inclusion of a situational interview in the selection process mitigated negative reactions to the selection decision when a strong employment equity program was in place as well as when a female visible minority was hired. Nous avons étudié l'impact du type d'entretien et de la pertinence d'un pro... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608655 Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2608655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2495186&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00409.x In a longitudinal study, the authors examined the role of students' rate of progress, or velocity, in goal-striving over one semester of a college-level Introductory Psychology course. At both mid-course and near end-of-course time periods, results demonstrated that velocity uniquely contributed to the prediction of students' performance satisfaction, mental focus, and goal revision, above and beyond the influence of performance-goal discrepancies and ability. Specifically, velocity demonstrated main effects on performance satisfaction and mental focus. Velocity significantly interacted with goal importance in the prediction of goal revision. The authors call for increased attention to the role of velocity in self-regulation. Dans une étude longitudinale, les auteurs examinent le rôle du... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2495186 Wed, 24 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2495186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2495188&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00408.x A series of three experiments, based on the method of Functional Measurement, has explored the importance assigned by professional basketball players to relevant dispositions of defense and offense players, as determinants of unsportsmanlike fouls. The 106 participants were leading male players in the premier basketball league in Israel. Experiment 1 was based on a 16 (24)-cell model. In an individual meeting, each participant estimated the likelihood that a defense player would commit an unsportsmanlike foul on an offense player. In each of the 16 to-be-judged incidents, specific information on a specific combination of aggressiveness and susceptibility to victimisation of two imaginary protagonists in an offense[ndash]defense on-the-court incident was given to the participant. Experiment... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2495188 Sun, 21 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2495188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2495187&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00404.x Drawing on Sociometer Theory, the current study examined whether the tendency to focus on and worry about social rejection at the workplace can predict stress and burnout. Data were collected at two time points from 231 hotel employees. Prospective-longitudinal design, structural equation modeling analyses revealed that participants' hypersensitivity to social rejection at the workplace predicted an increase in stress and in burnout across the 1 month of participation. Furthermore, the findings revealed that hypersensitivity to social rejection fully mediated the link between attachment anxiety and future stress and that hypersensitivity to social rejection and stress fully mediated the link between attachment anxiety and future burnout. Approximately 64 per cent of the variance in future ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2495187 Sun, 21 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2495187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482362&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00407.x Although transformational leadership (TL) is considered a kind of positive leadership, which can elevate followers in the long term, the mechanism of how TL influences employee well-being remains a relatively untouched area. Based on survey data collected from 745 employees from the People's Republic of China (Beijing, n= 297; Hong Kong, n= 448), results revealed that employees' trust in the leader and self-efficacy partially mediated the influence of TL on job satisfaction, and fully mediated the influence of TL on perceived work stress and stress symptoms. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed. Bien que le leadership transformationnnel (TL) soit considéré comme une sorte de leadership positif qui peut faire progresser les suiveurs sur le long terme, le ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482362 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482363&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00405.x Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that justice and organisational citizenship behaviors (OCB), as well as the relationship between them, are not culture free. However, most studies have been carried out in parts of Asia and Northern Europe, and especially in the USA, shedding little understanding on the dynamics of justice and OCB in less-studied contexts. We show how four dimensions of organisational justice predict four dimensions of OCB in an under-studied context[mdash]Portugal, a feminine, collectivistic, high power distance and low performance-oriented culture[mdash]a profile that is antipodal to that of US culture. A sample of 269 employees reported their justice perceptions, their OCBs being described by supervisors. The findings suggest that: (a) employees are more sensi... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482363 Thu, 11 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2425825&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00390.x This study addressed the question to what extent planned work may actually be completed on a daily basis. The completion of daily work goals was studied in a sample of 878 tasks identified by 29 R&D engineers with the help of a daily diary. Multilevel analysis was used to analyse the joint effect of task attributes, perceived job characteristics, and personality attributes on the completion of planned work goals. At the level of task attributes, we found that priority, urgency, and lower importance were related to task completion, and at the individual level, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and time management training. Task completion was not related to task attractiveness, workload, job autonomy, planning, or perceived control of time. On connaît relativement peu de choses sur l... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2425825 Wed, 20 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2425825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2410205&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00394.x Two studies are reported examining academic procrastination and motivation in 1,145 university students from Canada and Singapore. In Study 1, relationships between procrastination and motivation variables were found to be similar across contexts, with self-efficacy for self-regulated learning most strongly associated with procrastination in both contexts. In Study 2, patterns of procrastinating behavior and the negative impact of procrastination were examined and compared in Canadian and Singaporean undergraduates. Participants in both contexts reported writing to be the academic task most prone to procrastination. More Singaporeans than Canadians were classified as negative procrastinators (i.e. rated procrastination as a negative influence on academic functioning). In both contexts, neg... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2410205 Fri, 15 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2410205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2410208&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00391.x Changes in the contemporary labour market have resulted in an increasing demand for flexibility in the work context. The present research examines the associations between unemployed individuals' work values and their attitudes towards job flexibility. Consistent with Expectancy-Value Theory, results showed that the general concept of employment value was positively related to all measured types of flexibility, that is, training flexibility, pay flexibility, the flexibility to accept an undemanding job, and the flexibility to accept a job for which one is over-qualified. In line with Self-Determination Theory, holding an intrinsic work value orientation related positively to training and pay flexibility, whereas extrinsic work value orientation was negatively related to these two types of ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2410208 Wed, 13 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2410208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2410207&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00392.x Social cynicism, a negative view about people and social institutions, was found to show a negative correlation with job satisfaction across societies. A preliminary study in Hong Kong showed that social cynicism and job satisfaction correlated negatively across individuals as well. To confirm the causal effect of social cynicism on job satisfaction, a longitudinal study in Shanghai, China, with three waves of surveys, was conducted. Results showed that social cynicism correlated negatively with job satisfaction measured concurrently, and was predictive of job satisfaction measured subsequently. Consistent with the buffering hypothesis, perceived well-being was a significant moderator in that the negative relationship between social cynicism and job satisfaction was significant only when p... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2410207 Wed, 13 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2410207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2410206&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00393.x A longitudinal field study conducted in a military setting examined the effects of exchange ideology, pre-entry Perceived Organisational Support, and their interaction, on initial and long-term committed behavior. The effect of exchange ideology was compared to that of a solidly validated biodata score which was assessed with a structured interview. The sample consisted of 1,276 conscripts to military service. Results showed that exchange ideology had effects on both initial and long-term committed behavior; these effects were stronger than those of pre-entry Perceived Organisational Support, and comparable to those of the biodata structured interview. Une recherche de terrain longitudinale conduite dans un contexte militaire a porté sur les effets de l'idéologie de l'échange, du soutie... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2410206 Wed, 13 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2410206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2401305&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00403.x Is the effort exerted to earn taxable income considered in compliance decisions? And if so, is hard-earned income or easy money more likely to be concealed from authorities? While economic theory postulates that prior costs should not affect present decisions, psychological research shows that prior investments of money, time, or effort do matter. Findings from previous studies on the impact of effort on abstract decision tasks suggest two contradictory predictions for the context of tax compliance decisions: Either taxable income earned by high effort is subjectively of higher value, and therefore more likely to be evaded, or investments of effort cause a shift of the reference point through the establishment of an aspiration level, resulting in honest declaration of income. Two experimen... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2401305 Sun, 10 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2401305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2401313&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00395.x (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2401313 Fri, 08 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2401313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2401312&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00396.x We presented economically untrained and trained participants with questions of the form: "If variable A increases, how will this affect variable B?" for all the combinations of 19 key economic indicators. Economically untrained participants were willing to commit themselves on most questions, despite their medium to low self-report of understanding the concepts involved. Analysis of the pattern of responses reveals the use of a simple shortcut, the good-begets-good heuristic, which yields a sense of competence in the absence of understanding of the causal mechanism involved. Le fonctionnement du système économique est complexe et technique, et le public est constamment confrontéà des informations se référant à une causalitééconomique. Il est important que le public les assimile, q... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2401312 Fri, 08 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2401312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2401311&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00397.x In order to learn more about lay thinking on perceived consequences of poverty, a qualitative study was conducted using a combination of focus group interviews and in-depth interviews (n = 61). The transcribed focus group and in-depth interviews were then analysed. The results showed that lay people construct cognitive schemes about the consequences of poverty that are comparable to attributions about poverty. Accordingly, it is concluded that theorising on consequential attributions is a missing link in previous research on lay thinking about poverty. En présentant les attributions de conséquence comme un maillon manquant dans l'étude de la pensée de sens commun sur la pauvreté et dans le but d'en apprendre plus sur cette pensée et, plus particulièrement sur la façon dont le sens ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2401311 Fri, 08 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2401311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2401310&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00398.x The social representations of three social groups (students, people in the workforce, and retirees) are investigated. Comparison of the three samples allows one to describe how social representations of retirement differ according to age and employment status. It can be noted that both students and adults who are still working share some core elements in their representation of retirement, which is mainly perceived as a well-deserved time to rest. However, the central nucleus of those people who have recently retired excludes this idea of needing some time to rest and centers more around having less stress, and more freedom; the end of work might mean undesired inactivity. Les représentations sociales de la retraite de trois groupes sociaux (étudiants, individus issus de la population ac... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2401310 Fri, 08 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2401310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2401309&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00399.x In the Swedish Premium Pension Scheme (PPS) all citizens in paid employment allocate part of their public pension savings to mutual funds. In so doing they tend to distribute their choices maximally across different stock fund categories. It is hypothesised that this reflects the naïve application of a variety-inducing diversification heuristic. The results of two experiments simulating choices of fund categories in the PPS support this hypothesis by showing that participating undergraduates chose stock funds investing in overlapping and non-overlapping markets or industries in a way demonstrating failure to take into account covariation among fund returns. Administrators of the PPS and similar defined-contribution pension plans should provide participants with comprehensive advice on how... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2401309 Fri, 08 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2401309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2401308&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00400.x Financial behavior involves costs and benefits. How strongly costs and benefits are perceived as being related to each other is hypothesised to influence affect, cognition, and behavior. Thus, the subject of cost[ndash]benefit associations is relevant in several domains of applied psychology. Illustrated by examples from applied areas like consumption, work, and citizenship, the current paper underlines the importance of cost[ndash]benefit associations by presenting theoretical approaches to their analysis and discussing major antecedents and consequences. Le comportement financier implique des coûts et des bénéfices. Nous testons la façon dont la perception des liens entre coûts et bénéfices influence l'affect, la cognition et les comportements. L'analyse des liens coûts-bénéfic... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2401308 Fri, 08 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2401308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2401307&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00401.x Two experiments provided empirical support for the scarcity bias, that is, when the subjective value of a good increases due to the mere fact that it is scarce. We define scarcity as the presence of limited resources and competition on the demand side (i.e. not enough for two people). In Experiment 1, 180 students were divided into two conditions. The same good was abundant in one condition but scarce in the other one. The scarcity condition involved a partner (competitor) to create scarcity, while the abundant condition did not. Results showed that more participants chose a good when it was scarce than when it was abundant, for two out of four sets of items (ballpoints, snacks, pencils, and key rings). Experiment 2 employed 171 participants and a WTA (willingness to accept) elicitation pr... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2401307 Fri, 08 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2401307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2401306&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00402.x According to the definition of entrepreneurship and everyday observation, entrepreneurs are perceived as more risk prone than other people. However, laboratory studies do not provide conclusive support for this claim. In our study, three groups of students served as subjects. One group of students did not express any intention of starting up their own business in the near future. The second group consisted of students who had participated in a special course designed for future entrepreneurs. The third group consisted of students or alumni who became entrepreneurs before graduating. In accordance with Knight's claim, we found that actual entrepreneurs revealed the highest, and students who did not express an intention of starting their own business the lowest, level of self-confidence of a... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2401306 Fri, 08 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2401306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2361995&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00389.x This study aims to identify the policy manipulable social aspects of schools that can be instrumental in increasing students' sense of school belonging in a sample of 799 middle school students attending public schools in Istanbul, Turkey. The conceptual model posits that students' satisfaction with both the social relationships in the school and the school environment has consequences for their sense of school belonging. The results of the structural equation model analysis revealed a plausible model. Satisfaction with social relationships emerged as a stronger predictor of sense of school belonging than satisfaction with the school environment. Further comparisons of the same conceptual model for schools with low and high socioeconomic conditions yielded different associations among the ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2361995 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2361995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2361998&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00377.x Ongoing public discussion about the consequences of membership in new religious movements (NRMs) and the lack of studies concerning the relationship between the fit of the person with his or her NRM and well-being together call for a theoretically based investigation of the phenomenon. Hence, this German study on new members of three NRMs applied person[ndash]environment fit theory to investigate whether the fit between persons' needs for autonomy and relatedness, on the one hand, and the commensurate supplies of the groups, on the other, are related to well-being and mental health. The regression model following Edwards (1994) predicted satisfaction with religious affiliation, mental health, and depression, but not life satisfaction and anxiety. Results indicate that, for autonomy and rel... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2361998 Thu, 23 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2361998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2361997&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00388.x The overall purpose of the study was to investigate prospective actor and partner effects (cf. Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, 2006) of interpersonal efficacy beliefs in relation to relationship commitment, satisfaction, and effort within coach[ndash]athlete dyads. Fifty youth tennis players (mean age = 15.52 years, SD= 1.45) and their coaches (mean age = 40.17 years, SD= 13.71) provided data related to their self-efficacy, other-efficacy, and relation-inferred self-efficacy (RISE) beliefs mid-way through the competitive season. Three months later, participants provided data regarding personal effort, as well as relationship commitment and satisfaction. Actor[ndash]partner interdependence model analyses revealed positive actor effects for self-efficacy in relation to effort, and for other-efficacy i... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2361997 Thu, 23 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2361997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2361996&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2009.00378.x This study used 1,314 participants from Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Singapore, and Thailand. An initial exploratory factor analysis revealed that original structures were not confirmed; however, a subsequent EFA and CFA showed that a 38-item, five-factor structure model was confirmed. The revised WCCL-R in the Asian sample was also found to have good reliability and sound construct and concurrent validity. The 38-item structure of the WCCL-R has considerable potential in future occupational stress-related research in Asian countries. La croissance de l'emploi dans l'industrie a été l'un des aspects les plus dynamiques de l'expansion en Asie, mais l'évolution actuelle des environnements de travail industriels a accru le stress des salariés. Malgré les recherches qui ont souligné que les val... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2361996 Thu, 23 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2361996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2123943&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00376.x This study examines if organisation size and the degree to which the organisational hierarchy is male moderate the relationships between social factors (career and psychosocial functions of mentor support, and internal and external networks) and women's advancement in management. In all, 848 women in the Australian banking sector were surveyed. Results from moderator regression analyses found that, although male hierarchy does not moderate these relationships, the size of the organisation does. Specifically, career functions of mentor support and internal networks explain women's advancement more in small than in large banks. Recommendations for facilitating women's advancement in management are discussed. Dans cette recherche, on s'est demandé si la taille de l'organisation et le degré ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2123943 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2123943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2037532&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00375.x This study evaluated the cross-national validity of cognitive appraisal theories (e.g. Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) of stress by examining differences in the interaction of job autonomy and generalised self-efficacy in the prediction of psychological and physical strains among US and Chinese employees. As posited by cognitive appraisal theories, high self-efficacy served as a buffer against low job autonomy in the prediction of psychological and physical strains among US employees. However, the buffering effect of self-efficacy was unclear among Chinese employees. For Chinese employees with high self-efficacy, job autonomy was negatively related to job strains, but for Chinese employees with low self-efficacy, job autonomy was positively related to job strains. The results highlight the import... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2037532 Tue, 16 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2037532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2037533&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00374.x A model proposed and empirically tested by Aquino, Griffeth, Allen, and Hom (1997) using employees of a hospital in the northeastern United States was replicated in samples of Korean factory workers from two divisions of a large organisation. Results in both samples suggested that the relationships among model variables and relationships with withdrawal cognitions replicated quite closely. Results also suggested that the way people are treated in an organisation by their supervisors exerts a powerful effect on their turnover-related responses. Most importantly, the results of this study in combination with the earlier results from Aquino et al. (1997) highlight the impact of employee expectations of future job advancement on turnover-related responses. Employees who perceive that their pre... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2037533 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2037533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1835868&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00373.x This study revealed that perceived susceptibility to sport-related injury is dependent on several distinct variables. Thus, to be effective, injury preventive actions aimed at runners' behaviour modification need to take into account that runners' perceived susceptibility to sport has multiple predictors. L'adoption par les individus de comportements de prévention de la blessure en sport est liée à leur vulnérabilité perçue à celle-ci (Williams-Avery & MacKinnon, 1996). Cependant, aucune étude ne s'est intéressée aux déterminants de cette dimension dans le contexte sportif. L'objectif de cette étude était d'identifier les relations entre les expériences passées avec une ou plusieurs blessures, le névrosisme, et la passion pour l'activité et la vulnérabilité perçue à la... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1835868 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1835868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1835874&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00369.x This study explores the impact of relative size on the intra- and intergroup attitudes of groups who either share a language or have a different language. For that purpose, we examined international attitudes, comparing a small nation, Switzerland, and two larger nations, Germany and France. We found support for the assumption that large neighbouring nations pose a threat to the smaller nation's identity, especially when they are linguistically similar. Consequently, in line with Tajfel's Social Identity Theory (1978), the smaller nation's inhabitants evaluate those of the larger nation less positively, liking them less and perceiving them to be more arrogant than vice versa. By investigating the special case of the French-speaking and the German-speaking Swiss as linguistic groups within ... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1835874 Mon, 29 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1835874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1835873&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00367.x The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent to which Desire for Control (DFC) interacts with experimental manipulations of demand and control, and the consequences of these interactions on task satisfaction and perceived goal attainment (i.e. task performance and task mastery). It was expected that the proposed stress-buffering effects of control would be evident only for individuals high in DFC. Moreover, it was anticipated that control may have a stress-exacerbating effect for those low in DFC. These hypotheses were tested on a sample of 137 first year psychology students who participated in an in-basket activity under low and high conditions of demand and control. Results revealed that the proposed stress-buffering effect of control was found only for those high in DFC an... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1835873 Mon, 29 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1835873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1835872&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00368.x The success of multiculturalism as an ideology to deal with cultural differences depends upon the level of support for multiculturalism by majority members. It has been argued that support for multiculturalism in the Netherlands has substantially changed in response to various national and international events, such as the terrorist attacks on New York (2001), Madrid (2004), and London (2005), and the assassinations of popular politician Fortuyn (2002) and controversial movie director Van Gogh (2004). We compared survey data on Dutch majority attitudes in 1999 (n= 333), 2001 (n= 1,266), 2004 (n= 246), 2005 (n= 170), 2006 (n= 306), and 2007 (n= 464). Contrary to popular belief, we found little evidence for enduring attitude changes over the nine-year period. Implications for studies of mult... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1835872 Mon, 29 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1835872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1835871&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00370.x This study replicates the five-factor structure of pay satisfaction in a Spanish-speaking sample of production workers in a maquiladora plant in Mexico. Nous avons examiné la satisfaction relative au salaire en utilisant un questionnaire en langue espagnole sur un échantillon de 236 travailleurs d'une industrie maquiladora au Mexique. Une analyse factorielle confirmatoire a indiqué qu'une solution à cinq facteurs semble être le meilleur ajustement comparé aux alternatives possibles. Ainsi, les cols bleus mexicains sont capables de distinguer cing facettes de satisfaction relative au salaire: le niveau de salaire, son augmentation, sa gestion/son administration et les primes. Cette étude reproduit la structure en cinq facteurs de la satisfaction relative au salaire sur un échantillo... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1835871 Mon, 29 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1835871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1835870&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00372.x This study assessed the effects of the ongoing violence on the mental health of Palestinian and Israeli youths. Parallel instruments were developed and adapted, as part of a collaborative project, in order to assess, in each society: (1) differential rates of exposure to the conflict, (2) the association between exposure and the severity of posttraumatic symptoms (PTS), and (3) the inter-relationships among PTS, functional impairment, somatic complaints, and coping strategies. Participants were 1,016 Israeli and 1,235 Palestinian adolescents. A self-report questionnaire assessed exposure. PTS was measured using the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index, functional impairment and somatic complaints were measured with the DISC, and coping strategies were assessed with Brief Cope. In both societies, great... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1835870 Mon, 29 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1835870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1835869&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00371.x We report findings regarding job analysis, dimensions, exercises, additional diagnostic methods, use of technology, assessor characteristics, contents and methods of assessor training, observational systems, information provided to participants, evaluation of participants' reactions, data integration, characteristics of feedback, and features after the AC. Finally, we compare our results with prior findings to identify trends over time and point out features of ACs that could be improved. (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1835869 Mon, 29 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1835869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1698831&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00366.x Women over the age of 40 were trained in verbal self guidance, a methodology for training people to identify dysfunctional self-statements and translate them into positive self-talk. Subsequently, they (n= 27) had significantly higher self-efficacy with regard to re-employment than their counterparts who had been randomly assigned to a control group (n= 28). In addition, they persisted in job search behavior significantly more so than those in the control group. Job search self-efficacy completely mediated the effect of the training program on job search behavior. Consequently, they were more likely to find a job in their area of interest within 6 months and 1 year of training than were those women in the control group. Des femmes de plus de 40 ans d'une société musulmane, ont été form... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1698831 Wed, 13 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1698831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1698832&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00365.x Recent empirical and theoretical work has advanced our understanding of charismatic leadership in organisations. Despite this progress, only a few studies have tested the hypothesis that charismatic leadership might be related to objective, organisationally relevant indicators. In order to address this research gap, the present study tested whether charismatic leadership was related to followers' absenteeism, their training and development activities, as well as branch-level profit. Charismatic leadership was defined according to Conger and Kanungo's (1998) theory. It could be demonstrated that facets of charismatic leadership were negatively related to followers' absenteeism, but positively related to their training and development activity. Moreover, charismatic leadership showed a posit... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1698832 Tue, 12 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1698832 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1629616&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00335.x This study investigated the interplay between conscious and automatic self-regulatory variables and adolescents' physical activity. It was hypothesised that intention, planning, and lack of awareness would predict adolescents' behaviour. One hundred and fifty-five individuals (aged 13 to 17 years) completed questionnaires in two waves (with a time gap of 10 days). The results of cross-lagged panel analysis suggested that both past behaviour and planning predicted physical activity at follow-up, whereas physical activity predicted intention. Although lack of awareness, a facet of automatic processes, was negatively related to physical activity, the nested model comparison analysis indicated that the relation between lack of awareness and physical activity might be negligible. Among the self... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1629616 Thu, 17 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1629616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1612588&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00363.x The role of cultural values in perceptions of selection tools is a concern of multinational corporations seeking to standardise staffing practices. Data from 1,199 individuals across 21 countries were gathered to examine the role of cultural values (independent and interdependent self-construals, achievement and ascription orientations) in perceptions of eight selection tools. Tool perceptions were mostly similar across individuals holding different cultural values, suggesting that multinational corporations may be able to construct tools with wide acceptability across cultures. (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1612588 Sun, 13 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1612588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1612592&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00336.x These studies examine employees' emotional reactions to performance feedback from their supervisors as well as subsequent effects on attitudes and (intentions to show) affect-driven work behaviors (counterproductive behavior, turnover, citizenship, and affective commitment). A pre-study (N= 72) illustrates that employees regularly receive performance feedback from supervisors and that this feedback elicits different positive and negative emotions. Next, a scenario experiment (Study 1) comparing the effects of positive/negative feedback given in public/private was conducted, with a student sample (N= 240) and a sample of working adults (N= 107). In both samples, feedback has an impact on emotions and subsequently on work attitudes and behavioral intentions. The results from the scenario exp... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1612592 Sat, 28 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1612592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1612591&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00334.x Lay third parties sometimes react to an interpersonal dispute by taking sides. In this paper, we investigate the interaction effects of lay third parties' moral and expedient orientations on the relationship between perceived legitimacy (or expected negative sanctions) and their intention of side-taking with a legitimacy party (or a sanction party). Seventy-nine Chinese and 77 Dutch employees were presented with a scenario describing a conflict dilemma between one party who has more legitimacy claims but less negative sanctions and the other party who has less legitimacy claims but more negative sanctions. The results showed that moral orientation by itself has a reinforcing effect on the positive link between perceived legitimacy and siding with a legitimacy party. In addition, in both co... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1612591 Sat, 28 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1612591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1612590&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00350.x In multinational surveys, mixed-mode administration modes (e.g. combining Internet and paper-and-pencil administration) are increasingly used. To date, no studies have investigated whether measurement equivalence exists between Internet data collection and data collection using the conventional paper-and-pencil method in organisational surveys which include a large number of countries. This paper examined the measurement equivalence of a truly global organisational survey across Internet and paper-and-pencil survey administrations. Data from an organisational survey in 16 countries (N = 52,461) across the globe were used to assess the measurement equivalence of an organisational climate measure within each country in which the survey was administered. The empirical data provided strong ind... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1612590 Sat, 28 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1612590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1612589&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1464-0597.2008.00349.x Two studies investigated the interactive effects of trainees' dispositional implicit theory of ability (entity versus incremental) and the use of a promotion versus prevention orientation during the cognitive modeling component of training in the use of a problem-solving technique. The dependent variables were trainees' self-reported behavioral intentions (Study 1) and performance (Study 2), which was assessed by two independent judges following the training program and in a 1-month follow-up in the use of the problem-solving technique. As predicted, entity theorists were more responsive to the social cues contained in the promotion and prevention orientations during the cognitive modeling of the problem-solving technique. As a result, a promotion orientation produced stronger behavioral i... Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1612589 Sat, 28 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1612589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515019&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00350.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. In multinational surveys, mixed-mode administration modes (e.g. combining Internet and paper-and-pencil administration) are increasingly used. To date, no studies have investigated whether measurement equivalence exists between Internet data collection ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515019 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 18:05:49 +0100 1515019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515020&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00349.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Two studies investigated the interactive effects of trainees’ dispositional implicit theory of ability (entity versus incremental) and the use of a promotion versus prevention orientation during the cognitive modeling component of training in the use of ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515020 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 13:50:29 +0100 1515020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515021&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00336.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. These studies examine employees’ emotional reactions to performance feedback from their supervisors as well as subsequent effects on attitudes and (intentions to show) affect-driven work behaviors (counterproductive behavior, turnover, citizenship, and ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515021 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 13:50:23 +0100 1515021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515022&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00334.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Lay third parties sometimes react to an interpersonal dispute by taking sides. In this paper, we investigate the interaction effects of lay third parties’ moral and expedient orientations on the relationship between perceived legitimacy (or expected ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515022 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 13:48:58 +0100 1515022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515023&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00361.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue s1, Page 1-2, July 2008. (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515023 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 11:11:11 +0100 1515023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515025&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00352.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue s1, Page 19-36, July 2008. What makes life most worth living? The simplest summary of findings from the new field of positive psychology is that other people matter. It is within groups that we live, work, love, and play, and groups should therefore be a primary focus of ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515025 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 11:11:08 +0100 1515025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515028&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00355.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue s1, Page 71-89, July 2008. The current study is among the first to address the question of efficacy of a couple-oriented prevention program in the context of the workplace. As many spillover and cross-over effects between the workplace and couples’ private lives are known, such a ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515028 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 11:11:05 +0100 1515028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515031&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00358.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue s1, Page 127-151, July 2008. Focusing on the teaching profession, this study examines the association between school-specific demands and resources, on the one hand, and engagement and exhaustion, on the other. Individual-level data obtained from 1,939 secondary teachers as well as ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515031 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 11:11:04 +0100 1515031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515034&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00364.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue s1, Page 194-207, July 2008. Health behavior change is seen as a self-regulatory process that consists of a motivation phase of goal setting and a volition phase of goal pursuit. Previous studies suggest that the intention–behavior association is mediated by planning. However, ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515034 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 11:11:02 +0100 1515034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515029&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00356.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue s1, Page 90-111, July 2008. Social affiliation appears to be a central human need. Taking a developmental perspective, we discuss whether and how the desire to belong (approach motivation) and the fear of being rejected (avoidance motivation) might be of central importance for ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515029 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 11:10:59 +0100 1515029 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515030&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00357.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR This study reports on the relationship between family structure and optimal adolescent functioning, as indexed by a sense of ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515030 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 11:10:58 +0100 1515030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515027&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00354.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR This article challenges traditional views of the proper subject matter of clinical psychology, the nature of psychological adjustment and maladjustment, and the roles and functions of clinical psychologists. Toward this end, the article discusses ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515027 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 11:10:58 +0100 1515027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515026&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00353.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue s1, Page 37-53, July 2008. The decisions of business leaders and government officials are currently guided by economic and social indicators. It is proposed that accounts of well-being be collected on an ongoing basis to complement the existing indicators. Accounts of subjective ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515026 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 11:10:51 +0100 1515026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515032&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00359.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue s1, Page 152-171, July 2008. Teacher self-efficacy is studied as a personal resource factor that may protect from the experience of job strain and, thus, make the escalation of burnout less likely. The article examines the relationships between self-efficacy, job stress, and burnout,... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515032 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 11:10:50 +0100 1515032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515024&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00351.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue s1, Page 3-18, July 2008. I propose a new field: positive health. Positive health describes a state beyond the mere absence of disease and is definable and measurable. Positive health can be operationalised by a combination of excellent status on biological, subjective, and ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515024 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 11:10:48 +0100 1515024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515033&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00360.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue s1, Page 172-193, July 2008. Psychological theories of weight regulation are based on homeostatic feedback assumptions. They mostly attribute the cause of overweight and obesity to lowered sensitivity to internal hunger and satiety cues. Based on the assumption that human food ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515033 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 11:10:25 +0100 1515033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1510734&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00363.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. The role of cultural values in perceptions of selection tools is a concern of multinational corporations seeking to standardise staffing practices. Data from 1,199 individuals across 21 countries were gathered to examine the role of cultural values (... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1510734 Thu, 12 Jun 2008 18:06:26 +0100 1510734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1493220&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00329.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue 3, Page 373-396, July 2008. The present study examined political partisanship stability in the context of transitional and consolidated democracies. We hypothesised that (a) in both democratic systems, personality differences as well as socialisation patterns and socioeconomic ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1493220 Wed, 04 Jun 2008 10:11:21 +0100 1493220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1493221&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00362.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue 3, Page 417-440, July 2008. The aim of this study is to identify dimensions of on-the-job learning styles that can create an awareness among employees and offer them opportunities for the improvement of their on-the-job learning. In order to be able to select relevant dimensions, ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1493221 Wed, 04 Jun 2008 10:11:18 +0100 1493221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1493226&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00337.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue 3, Page 524-540, July 2008. The question "Is psychology applied enough?" can be regarded in two ways. In the first place, it could refer to the distinction "pure versus applied science", and the reproach that modern scientific experimental psychology has little to offer to the ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1493226 Wed, 04 Jun 2008 10:11:17 +0100 1493226 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1493222&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00328.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR This study examined the relationship between job satisfaction and task and contextual performance. Specifically, it assessed this relationship for overall as well as facets of job satisfaction. Four hundred and forty-four employees in a manufacturing ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1493222 Wed, 04 Jun 2008 10:10:47 +0100 1493222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1493225&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00333.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue 3, Page 510-523, July 2008. The purpose of this study was to validate the Japanese version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-J). Employees from three independent samples completed the questionnaire (total N = 2,334). Confirmatory factor analyses using the multiple-... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1493225 Wed, 04 Jun 2008 10:10:46 +0100 1493225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1493224&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00332.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue 3, Page 488-509, July 2008. The current study's aims are twofold: first, we investigate the relationship between employability and both work-related (engagement) and general (life satisfaction) well-being. Second, we study how employability may be relevant in times of high job ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1493224 Wed, 04 Jun 2008 10:10:44 +0100 1493224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1493223&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00331.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR This study examined the nature and size of differences in family relationships in five cultural groups in the Netherlands (Dutch mainstreamers, and Turkish, Moroccan, Surinamese, and Antillean immigrants). In order to get a better insight into the ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1493223 Wed, 04 Jun 2008 10:10:44 +0100 1493223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1476354&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2008.00330.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. The present study examines the consequences of abusive supervision in an educational setting. The study contrasts the cross-domain stress-buffering hypothesis with the within-domain stress exacerbation hypothesis in examining the moderating role of ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1476354 Thu, 29 May 2008 18:06:27 +0100 1476354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1292895&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2007.00319.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue 2, Page 335-359, April 2008. Although studies show that regulatory focus influences decision making and risk taking, theories of risky decision making typically conflate different regulatory orientations and the related distinctions between the positive and negative risks associated ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1292895 Tue, 11 Mar 2008 02:02:48 +0100 1292895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1292894&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2007.00311.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue 2, Page 313-334, April 2008. In the last decade, researchers have started to investigate the psychological processes that are involved in employees’ experiences of organisational change. The present study examined how characteristics of the daily work context related to employees’ ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1292894 Tue, 11 Mar 2008 02:01:42 +0100 1292894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1285277&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2007.00323.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether migrant adolescents tend to adopt the host culture's view of parental control or whether they are inclined to reaffirm their heritage culture with regard to the meaning assigned to parental ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1285277 Fri, 07 Mar 2008 19:09:41 +0100 1285277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1196261&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2007.00318.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR This study related three personality taxonomies—positive affectivity and negative affectivity (PA and NA), the five-factor model (the "Big Five"), and core self-evaluations—to job satisfaction in an integrative test. In a longitudinal design with multi-... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1196261 Sat, 02 Feb 2008 19:35:33 +0100 1196261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1189351&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2007.00325.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue 1, Page 1-29, January 2008. Health-compromising behaviors such as physical inactivity and poor dietary habits are difficult to change. Most social-cognitive theories assume that an individual's intention to change is the best direct predictor of actual change. But people often do ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1189351 Thu, 31 Jan 2008 04:18:14 +0100 1189351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1189352&cid=s_27180_36_f&fid=27180&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1464-0597.2007.00320.x%3Fai%3D10o%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Applied Psychology, Volume 57, Issue 1, Page 30-41, January 2008. The merits of modelling action readiness as a series of stages is discussed, focusing on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) which postulates a motivational stage (for non-intenders) and a volitional stage (for intenders). The HAPA helpfully ... (Source: Applied Psychology) Applied Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1189352 Thu, 31 Jan 2008 04:18:02 +0100 1189352