MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 11:36:02 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5597955&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22237461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bryan AL, Brant HA, Jagoe CH, Romanek CS, Brisbin IL Abstract Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that is transferred trophically through aquatic and terrestrial food webs. To better understand the routes of Hg uptake in organisms that rely on both aquatic and terrestrial food resources, we analyzed feather and down samples from nestling wading birds of varying trophic positions in both inland and coastal colonies. We used stable nitrogen and carbon isotope analyses to evaluate trophic positions of individual species (δ(15)N) and differences in foraging habitat use (δ(13)C). Inland, aquatic species had higher trophic status than the single terrestrial species examined, and the expected positive relationship between δ(15)N and Hg content of feathers wa... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5597955 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5597955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5597954&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22237462%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, newly hatched fathead minnows were exposed for 12 days, and mature male and female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed for 21 days to environmentally realistic concentrations (nanograms per liter) of these two compounds singularly and in mixtures. At the end of the exposure, larvae were assessed for growth and predator-avoidance performance, and a subset of mature fish was assessed for plasma vitellogenin induction, expression of secondary sexual characteristics, relative size of liver and gonads, and histopathological changes to both organs. The remaining exposed mature fish were placed in breeding pairs of one male and one female minnow from the same treatment to assess their ability to defend a nest site and reproduce. Exposure to either antimicrobial com... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5597954 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5597954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5597956&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22234461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Teil MJ, Tlili K, Blanchard M, Chevreuil M, Alliot F, Labadie P Abstract Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and phthalates were investigated from July 2009 to April 2010 in three fish species from the Orge river, which flows in a densely populated area of Ile-de-France. In two Cyprinidae (roach and chub) and one Percidae (perch), muscle contents in increasing order ranged as follows: 12-18 ng g(-1) dw for PBDEs (Σtri-hepta), 120-170 ng g(-1) dw for PCBs (Σ7), and 2,250-5,125 ng g(-1) dw for phthalates (Σ7). No variation was observed between contaminant contents and lipid levels. No biomagnification was found according to the trophic level for PBDEs and PCBs, whereas for phthalates the highest contents were found in perch. Sea... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5597956 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5597956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5597998&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22231661%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows that D. bugensis and D. polymorpha may differ in their bioaccumulation potential of OC pesticides as well as their levels of DNA damage and hsp70. Therefore, more investigations are needed before quagga mussel can be used as alternative test organism for the zebra mussel. PMID: 22231661 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5597998 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5597998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577822&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22228138%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hanlon SM, Parris MJ Abstract Amphibians around the world are experiencing the greatest organismal decline in recent history. Xenobiotics, such as pesticides, and pathogenic biotic perturbations, including the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), have played major roles in amphibian decreases. We conducted laboratory culture studies to determine the effects of three pesticides {carbaryl, glyphosate, and thiophanate-methyl [TM; Topsin-M(R) (Cerexagri-Nisso LLC)]} on Bd zoospore production and zoosporangia growth. We applied Bd to pesticides mixed in an agar culture to simulate pathogen introduction to a system with pre-existing pesticides (Bd addition). Alternatively, pesticides were applied to pre-established Bd to simulate pesticide introduction after Bd establishm... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577822 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5577822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577823&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22223070%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bundschuh M, Appeltauer A, Dabrunz A, Schulz R Abstract Invertebrate communities of lentic habitats comprise, amongst others, the crustacean Asellus aquaticus (Isopoda) and the turbellarian Dendrocoelum lacteum (Tricladida). Because D. lacteum preferentially preys on A. aquaticus, contaminants introduced into the aquatic environment may affect this predator-prey interaction, finally influencing the performance of the predator. However, no studies investigating implications of organic pollutants on this food web subsystem currently exist. Hence, the present study assessed short-term implications of pesticides with different modes of action, namely, the triazole fungicide tebuconazole and the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin, during a 72 h trial. The experiments fo... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577823 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5577823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577824&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218707%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gevao B, Aba AA, Al-Ghadban AN, Uddin S Abstract The vertical distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was measured in a dated sediment core from the northwestern Arabian Gulf to reconstruct their depositional history. The downcore profile showed an increase in concentrations from depth to a subsurface maximum of approximately 1,500 pg g(-1) in approximately 1991, followed by an exponential decrease to the sediment-water interface. Current concentrations of ΣPCBs are similar to levels predating the episodic input of PCBs in sediments dated coincident with the 1991 Arabian Gulf war. The spike in ΣPCB concentrations during the war may be related to the destruction of PCB-laden transformers during the conflict. The 15-fold decrease in ΣPCB concentrations from the... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577824 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5577824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559287&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22203462%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, surface soil (0-20 cm) samples and different vegetable samples were collected from 27 representative vegetable farms located in Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Huizhou within the Pearl River Delta region, South China, and NP and nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP(1)EO) were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The results show that NP and NP(1)EO were detected in soil and vegetable samples. The concentrations of NP and NP(1)EO in soil samples ranged from nondetectable (ND) to 7.22 μg kg(-1) dry weight (dw) and from ND to 8.24 μg kg(-1) dw, respectively. The average concentrations of both NP and NP(1)EO in soil samples decreased in the following order: Dongguan > Huizhou > Shenzhen. The levels of NP and NP(1)EO in vegetable sa... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559287 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548143&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22193862%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lithner D, Halling M, Dave G Abstract Electronic waste has become one of the fastest growing waste problems in the world. It contains both toxic metals and toxic organics. The aim of this study was to (1) investigate to what extent toxicants can leach from different electronic products, components, and materials into water and (2) identify which group of toxicants (metals or hydrophobic organics) that is causing toxicity. Components from five discarded electronic products (cell phone, computer, phone modem, keyboard, and computer mouse) were leached in deionised water for 3 days at 23°C in concentrations of 25 g/l for metal components, 50 g/l for mixed-material components, and 100 g/l for plastic components. The water phase was tested for acute toxicity to Daphnia mag... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548143 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5548143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548142&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22193863%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Taylor HE, Antweiler RC, Roth DA, Alpers CN, Dileanis P Abstract The impact of trace elements from the Iron Mountain Superfund site on the Sacramento River and selected tributaries is examined. The concentration and distribution of many trace elements-including aluminum, arsenic, boron, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, cerium, cobalt, chromium, cesium, copper, dysprosium, erbium, europium, iron, gadolinium, holmium, potassium, lanthanum, lithium, lutetium, manganese, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel, lead, praseodymium, rubidium, rhenium, antimony, selenium, samarium, strontium, terbium, thallium, thulium, uranium, vanadium, tungsten, yttrium, ytterbium, zinc, and zirconium-were measured using a combination of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively c... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548142 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5548142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548141&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22193864%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Teraoka H, Tagami Y, Kudo M, Miura Y, Okamoto E, Matsumoto F, Koga K, Uebayashi A, Shimura R, Inoue M, Momose K, Masatomi H, Kitazawa T, Hiraga T, Subramanian A Abstract Red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) are native to eastern Hokkaido (island population), in contrast to the mainland, which migrates between the Amur River basin and eastern China-Korea peninsula. During the 1990s we found that Red-crowned cranes in Hokkaido were highly contaminated with mercury: however, the source was unknown. We investigated the time trend of mercury contamination in Red-crowned cranes. Total mercury levels in the livers and kidneys from cranes dead in the 2000s were lower than those dead in the 1990s. Feather is a major pathway of mercury excretion for many bird species and is used as ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548141 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5548141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548144&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22189708%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mieiro CL, Coelho JP, Pacheco M, Duarte AC, Pereira ME Abstract The aim of this research was to compare mercury (Hg) accumulation (total and organic) and tissue distribution in two marine fish species with contrasting feeding tactics. Thus, juvenile specimens of European sea bass and Golden grey mullet were surveyed in an estuary historically affected by Hg discharges. Total Hg was preferentially accumulated in intestine, muscle, and liver, whereas gills and brain presented the lowest Hg levels observed in both species. Significant differences between species were only verified for muscle, with D. labrax's levels being greater than L. aurata's. Muscle accounted for >87% of the Hg relative tissue burden, whereas liver did not exceed 11%. Organic Hg accumulation occurred... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548144 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5548144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531690&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22183874%26dopt%3DAbstract This study determined physical and chemical water-quality parameters at two oyster gardening sites in the Delaware Inland Bays and compared them with total aerobic bacteria and Vibrionaceae concentrations in Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). One site was located at the end of a man-made canal, whereas the other was located in an open bay. Measured water parameters included temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, pH, total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids. The highest Vibrionaceae levels, as determined by the colony overlay procedure for peptidases, were at the canal site in September (3.5 × 10(5) g(-1)) and at the bay site in August (1.9 × 10(5) g(-1)). Vibrionaceae levels were significantly greater during the duration of the stu... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531690 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5531690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531689&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22183875%26dopt%3DAbstract This study confirmed the necessity to monitor this zinc-contamination source in marine environments in relation to the usual oyster consumption by humans (especially in France). No implication for human health of this zinc-contamination source was demonstrated until now, and this was not the purpose of this study; however, zinc remains one of the most abundant nutritionally essential elements in the human body that may affect the human immune system at high-level uptake. PMID: 22183875 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531689 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5531689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5492740&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22143942%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marcogliese DJ, Pulkkinen K, Valtonen ET Abstract Wild-caught European perch (Perca fluviatilis) were exposed in the laboratory to untreated bleached pulp and paper mill effluent in two separate experiments. The first experiment was conducted at 7-8°C using effluent concentrations of 5 and 10%, and the second experiment was conducted at ambient river temperature of 4-20°C using an effluent concentration of 1%. Trichodinid ciliates were identified and enumerated at the end of the exposure using a mucus subsampling technique from gill and skin as well as a formalin immersion technique, which provided total counts on each fish. Four different trichodinid species were identified on the fish. Prevalence of infection, mean number, and mean density of Trichodina spp. decreased ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5492740 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5492740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5492739&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22143943%26dopt%3DAbstract Influence of Hydrological Parameters on Organohalogenated Micropollutant (Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polychlorinated Biphenyls) Behaviour in the Seine (France). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Dec 6; Authors: Tlili K, Labadie P, Alliot F, Bourges C, Desportes A, Chevreuil M Abstract The temporal dynamics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated in a heavily urbanized river (Seine River, Paris, France) from November 2009 to May 2010. Pollutant concentrations were in the range of 0.2 to 3.8 ng l(-1) (median 1.1) and 0.4 to 3.6 ng l(-1) (median 1.1) for ∑ tri-deca BDEs and ∑ 7PCBs, respectively. In addition, for both PBDEs and PCBs, the partitioning between the particulate and dissolved phases was invest... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5492739 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5492739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5492741&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138826%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vaschenko MA, Zhadan PM, Aminin DL, Almyashova TN Abstract Accumulation of lipofuscin-like pigments (LLPs) has been shown to be an appropriate index of both age and stress in some aquatic invertebrates. In the present study, LLP was quantified by measuring its autofluorescence intensity (ex 450 nm/em 512 nm) in nutritive phagocytes (NPs) of sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius inhabiting polluted and relatively clean areas of Japan Sea. To avoid variations in LLP content related to sea urchin reproductive condition, only developing gonads with acini occupied mostly by NPs were used for LLP quantification as well as semiquantitative histopathological analysis. LLP concentrations ranged from 0.0 to 4.57 ± 0.53% area fraction in female gonads and from 0.0 to 4.61 ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5492741 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5492741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5492742&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22127646%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Inoue Y, Hashizume N, Yakata N, Murakami H, Suzuki Y, Kikushima E, Otsuka M Abstract Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was exposed to perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)-perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (number of carbon atoms, C = 8, 11, 12, 14, 16, and 18) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-in bioconcentration tests to compare the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and physicochemical properties of each specific compound. Despite having the same number of carbon atoms (C = 8), the BCFs of perfulorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and PFOS differed by more than two orders of magnitude (PFOA BCF = < 5.1 to 9.4; PFOS BCF = 720 to 1300). The highest BCFs were obtained from perfluorododecanoic acid (BCF = 10,000 to 16,000) and perfluorotetradecanoic acid (BCF = 16,000 to 17,000). The l... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5492742 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5492742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5492743&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22116583%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Langner HW, Greene E, Domenech R, Staats MF Abstract We investigated links between mining-related contaminants in river sediment and their occurrence in nestling ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in the Clark Fork River Basin, Montana, USA. Blood and feather samples from 111 osprey chicks were collected during 4 years from nests along river sections with greatly different sediment concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg). No significant differences between river sections were found among Zn (3,150 ± 160 μg L(-1)) and Cd (<5 μg L(-1)) concentrations in blood. Cu, Pb, and As concentrations in blood were significantly increased in chicks from the most contaminated river sections (mean values of 298, 8.9, and 100 �... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5492743 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5492743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5492744&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22108952%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stahl T, Falk S, Failing K, Berger J, Georgii S, Brunn H Abstract Approximately 15,000 tons of wild boar meats (Sus scrofa) are consumed per year in Germany. Boar meat therefore plays a definite role in regard to human diet. Because they are omnivores and because of their high body fat quotient, wild boar may accumulate large concentrations of persistent organic compounds, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, and could thus possibly serve as bioindicators for persistent xenobiotics. In addition, consumption of wild boar meat and liver could lead to increased contaminant levels in humans. Between 2007 and 2009, we tested a total of 529 livers and 506 muscle tissue samples from wild boar for the presence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). PFO... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5492744 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5492744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438959&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22105469%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miller LM, Bartell SE, Schoenfuss HL Abstract In this combined field and laboratory study, we assessed whether populations of native walleye in the Upper Mississippi River experienced altered genetic diversity correlated with exposure to estrogenic endocrine-active compounds (EACs). We collected fin-clips for genetic analysis from almost 600 walleye (13 sites) and subsampled 377 of these fish (6 sites) for blood and reproductive organs. Finally, we caged male fathead minnows at 5 sampling sites to confirm the presence of estrogenic EACs. Our findings indicate that male walleye in four river segments produced measurable concentrations of plasma vitellogenin (an egg-yolk protein and, when expressed in male fish, a biomarker of acute estrogenic exposure), a finding consistent... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438959 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418636&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22076682%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gusso-Choueri PK, Choueri RB, Lombardi AT, Melão MG Abstract Life-history parameters of Ceriodaphnia cornuta (Cladocera: Daphniidae) fed on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Chlorophyceae) exposed to different copper concentrations were investigated. C. cornuta individuals were reared in four treatments: (a) reconstituted water and non-contaminated algae (RW); (b) reconstituted water and copper-contaminated algae with either 1.28 × 10(-13) (10(-7)Cu) or (c) 1.93 × 10(-13) g Cu cell(-1) (10(-6)Cu); and (d) natural water from a local reservoir and non-contaminated algae (NW). Copper content in C. cornuta individuals increased as diet-borne exposure increased (RW < 10(-7)Cu < NW < 10(-6)Cu), except for NW individuals, which exhibited higher copper body... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418636 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418637&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22068721%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Callan AC, Winters M, Barton C, Boyce M, Hinwood AL Abstract In 2007, it was shown that the shipping of lead (Pb) through Esperance Port in Western Australia resulted in contamination and increased Pb concentrations in children. A clean-up strategy was implemented; however, little attention was given to other metals. In consultation with the community, a cross-sectional exposure study was designed. Thirty-nine children aged 1 to 12 years provided samples of hair, urine, drinking water, residential soil and dust. Concentrations of nickel (Ni) and Pb were low in biological and environmental samples. Hair aluminium (Al) (lower than the detection limit [DL] to 251 μg/g) and copper (Cu) (7 to 415 μg/g), as well as urinary Al (<DL to 210 μg/L), manganese (Mn) (<DL t... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418637 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379115&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048524%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Overturf MD, Overturf CL, Baxter D, Hala DN, Constantine L, Venables B, Huggett DB Abstract Human pharmaceuticals are routinely being detected in the environment, and there is growing concern about whether these drugs could elicit effects on aquatic organisms. Regulatory paradigms have shifted accordingly, with a greater emphasis on chronic toxicity data compared with acute data. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 210 Early Life Stage Test has been proposed as a good measure of the potential for pharmaceuticals to elicit chronic toxicity. To begin building a data set regarding the early life-stage toxicity of pharmaceuticals to fish, fathead minnows (FHM) were exposed to amiodarone, carbamazepine, clozapine, dexamethasone, fenofibrate, ibuprofen, no... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379115 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379114&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22052328%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jin R, Park SU, Park JE, Kim JG Abstract To assess the level of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination and identify their sources, surface sediments were collected from selected locations along Nakdong River, Korea, and analyzed for 209 PCB congeners using high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectroscopy. PCB levels ranged from 0.124 to 79.2 ng/g dry weight (coplanar PCBs 0.295 to 5720 pg/g dry), which were similar to those of three other major rivers (Han, Geum, and Youngsan rivers) in Korea but slightly lower than those in neighboring countries. Regarding homologue composition, tetra-CBs were most abundant in most samples, but some samples with much higher PCBs concentrations had relatively lower proportions of tetra-CBs and higher proportions... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379114 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379117&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22042039%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Heinz GH, Hoffman DJ, Klimstra JD, Stebbins KR Abstract Methylmercury chloride and seleno-L: -methionine were injected separately or in combinations into the fertile eggs of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), chickens (Gallus gallus), and double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), and the incidence and types of teratogenic effects were recorded. For all three species, selenomethionine alone caused more deformities than did methylmercury alone. When mallard eggs were injected with the lowest dose of selenium (Se) alone (0.1 μg/g), 28 of 44 embryos and hatchlings were deformed, whereas when eggs were injected with the lowest dose of mercury (Hg) alone (0.2 μg/g), only 1 of 56 embryos or hatchlings was deformed. Mallard embryos seemed to be more sensitive to the terat... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379117 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379116&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22042040%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schummer ML, Petrie SA, Badzinski SS, Chen YW, Belzile N Abstract Common loons (Gavia immer) are piscivorous, high-trophic level feeders that bioaccumulate inorganic contaminants at concentrations that can negatively impact their health and reproduction. Concentrations of inorganic contaminants, especially mercury (Hg), in blood, organs, and muscle have been quantified in common loons on breeding grounds, but these data are limited for migrating loons. We investigated sex- and age-related hepatic concentrations of inorganic contaminants in common loons (n = 53) that died from botulism and were salvaged at a Great Lakes staging area (i.e., Long Point, Lake Erie) during November 2005. We also investigated if hepatic concentrations of inorganic contaminants influenced lipid... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379116 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379119&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22037819%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the presence of 24 fungicides at 18 sites during a 5-month period within a horticultural catchment in southeastern Australia. Seventeen of the 24 fungicides were detected in the waterways, with fungicides detected in 63% of spot water samples, 44% of surface sediment samples, and 44% of the passive sampler systems deployed. One third of the water samples contained residues of two or more fungicides. Myclobutanil, trifloxystrobin, pyrimethanil, difenoconazole, and metalaxyl were the fungicides most frequently detected, being present in 16-38% of the spot water samples. Iprodione, myclobutanil, pyrimethanil, cyproconazole, trifloxystrobin, and fenarimol were found at the highest concentrations in the water samples (>0.2 μg/l). Relatively high concentrations of my... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379119 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379118&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22037820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harwood AD, Bunch AR, Flickinger DL, You J, Lydy MJ Abstract Multiple factors can influence bioavailability, which can make predictions of toxicity in natural systems difficult. The current study examined the potential use of solid-phase microextraction fibers as a matrix-independent approach to predict the toxicity of permethrin to Daphnia magna across various water sources, including a laboratory reconstituted water, two natural waters, and a modified natural water. Water source strongly affected the toxicity of permethrin as well as the concentration-response relationships. Although permethrin concentrations in the water were predictive of toxicity to D. magna for individual water sources, there was no relationship between permethrin concentrations among water sources a... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379118 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379120&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22021042%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, whole-blood samples taken from 25 apparently healthy griffon vultures at various stages of maturity were examined to investigate whether the vultures are being excessively exposed to environmental contaminants that might deleteriously affect their reproduction. Five groups of environmental contaminants, comprising toxic elements, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and perfluorinated compounds, were monitored in dried blood spots. Results of the analyses showed low levels of exposure of griffon vultures to environmental contaminants compared with the sparse data available on griffon vultures and other diurnal raptors in other countries. PMID: 22021042 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379120 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379121&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22012303%26dopt%3DAbstract This study describes the concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic (As) and the basic histopathological changes in the internal organs of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio from five sites of the Amur River basin. Gibel carp from Sindinskaya Passage had the highest liver concentrations of zinc (Zn) (31.95 ± 13.443), copper (Cu) (12.52 ± 5.746), manganese (9.22 ± 8.121), and cadmium (0.37 ± 0.660 mg/kg wet weight [ww]) compared with fish captured from the Bol'shoi Ussuriiskii Island area and Kadi Lake; however, concentrations of nickel (0.22 ± 0.156 mg/kg ww) were not significantly different, and concentrations of lead (0.19 ± 0.121 mg/kg ww) were higher than those in fish from Kadi Lake. Mean concentrations of metals and As in muscles were lower than Russia's recomm... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379121 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325270&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22002783%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) on Sertoli-cell vimentin filaments and germ-cell apoptosis in testes of pubertal rats at different selenium (Se) status. Se deficiency was produced in 3-weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding them ≤0.05 Se mg/kg diet for 5 weeks, Se supplementation group was on 1 mg Se/kg diet, and DEHP was applied at 1000 mg/kg dose by gavage during the last 10 days of the feeding period. The diet with excess Se did not cause any appreciable alteration in vimentin staining and apoptosis of germ cells, but Se deficiency caused a mild decrease in the intensity of vimentin immunoreactivity and enhanced germ-cell apoptosis significantly (approximately 3-fold, p <0.0033). DEHP exposure caused disruption and collapse of ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325270 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325269&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22002784%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brasso RL, Abel S, Polito MJ Abstract Avian eggs have become one of the most common means of evaluating mercury contamination in aquatic and marine environments and can serve as reliable indicators of dietary mercury exposure. We investigated patterns of mercury deposition into the major components of penguin eggs (shell, membrane, albumen, and yolk) using the Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) as a model species. Eggs were collected from both wild and captive populations of Gentoo penguins to compare the allocation of mercury into individual egg components of birds feeding at disparate trophic positions as inferred by stable isotope analysis. Mercury concentrations in captive penguins were an order of magnitude higher than in wild birds, presumably because the former were ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325269 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325268&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22002785%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we tried to test whether lifestyle (free-ranging vs. farm animals) and reproductive age of Morelet's crocodiles in Campeche, Mexico, affect the bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Subsequently, we tested to see whether their concentration was related to steroid hormones (testosterone and estradiol-17β) levels once normal cyclic hormone variation and reproductive age had been taken into account. From the group of contaminants considered (analyzed as families), only frequency of hexachlorocyclohexanes (∑HCH) and ∑PCB permitted analyses. Whereas there was a greater concentration of ∑HCH bioaccumulated by free-ranging crocodiles, ∑PCB was found in equal quantities in free-ranging and farm animals. No difference was ob... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325268 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325267&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22002786%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mora MA, Sericano JL, Baxter C Abstract Swallows from two locations in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin and one reference site located 500 km away were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Of the OC pesticides, only p,p'-DDE was observed at levels of concern (carcass geometric mean range 642 to 8511 ng/g wet weight [ww]). DDE residues in carcass were significantly greater at El Paso than at other locations. PCBs were relatively low compared with locations in the northeastern United States and the Great Lakes. Geometric mean PBDE concentrations ranged from 18 to 258 ng/g ww (280 to 3395 ng/g lipid weight). PBDE congeners 47 and 99 comprised approximately 60% of total PBDEs. Concentratio... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325267 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325266&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22002787%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, effluent and sewage sludge samples collected from a WWTP were analysed for some selected PBDE congeners (BDE congeners 28, 47, 99 100 153 154 183, and 209) as well as BB-153 using a high-capillary gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. The sum of the eight PBDE congeners ranged from 369 to 4370, 19.2 to 2640, and 90.4 to 15,100 ng/l for raw water, secondary effluent, and final effluent, respectively. A similar result was observed for sewage sludge samples, which ranged between 13.1 and 652 ng/g dry weight (dw). The results obtained for BB-153 were generally lower compared with those found for most PBDE congeners. These ranged from ND to 18.4 ng/l and ND to 9.97 ng/g dw for effluents and sewage sludge, respectively. In both matrices, BDE 47 and 209... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325266 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325271&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21986782%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moriarty MM, Koch I, Reimer KJ Abstract Shrews (Sorex cinereus) collected at a historic mine in Nova Scotia, Canada, had approximately twice the arsenic body burden and 100 times greater daily intake of arsenic compared with shrews from a nearby uncontaminated background site. Shrews store arsenic as inorganic and simple methylated arsenicals. Much of the arsenic associated with their primary food source, i.e., small invertebrates, may be soil adsorbed to their exoskeletons. A physiologically based extraction test estimated that 47 ± 2% of invertebrate arsenic is bioaccessible in the shrew gastrointestinal tract. Overall, shrews appear to be efficient at processing and excreting inorganic arsenic. PMID: 21986782 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325271 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296134&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21972100%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hope BK Abstract In the Willamette River Basin (Oregon, USA), various residential, municipal, industrial, and agricultural activities produce physical, biological, and chemical stressors that may impinge on the basin's aquatic ecosystems. For >30 years, numerous water-quality and biological-condition data have been accumulated by often disparate monitoring programs. This diagnostic analysis explored whether these legacy data could be used to correlate the presence of chemical stressors with biological condition impacts with the understanding that association is not necessarily causation. Other natural or anthropogenic stressors that may also impact biological conditions were not considered in this study. Acute-toxicity indices were calculated separately for trace metal... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296134 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296135&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968539%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the masses of copper required to achieve control of Lyngbya wollei using the algaecide formulations Algimycin-PWF, Clearigate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate in laboratory toxicity experiments; (2) to relate the responses of L. wollei to the masses of copper adsorbed and absorbed (i.e., dose) as well as the concentrations of copper in the exposure water; and (3) to discern the relation between the mass of copper required to achieve control of a certain mass of L. wollei among different algaecide formulations. The critical burden of copper (i.e., threshold algaecide concentration that must be absorbed or adsorbed to achieve control) for L. wollei averaged 3.3 and 1.9 mg Cu/g algae for Algimycin-PWF and Clearigate, respectively, in experimen... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296135 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228290&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21915760%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garron C, Knopper LD, Ernst WR, Mineau P Abstract Chlorothalonil, a broad-spectrum nonsystemic foliar fungicide, is one of the most extensively used pesticide active ingredients on Prince Edward Island, Canada, for blight control on potatoes. In ambient air-sampling programs conducted in 1998 and 1999 and from 2002 to 2004, chlorothalonil was measured in 97% of air samples collected. It is known to produce severe eye and skin irritation, is cytogenic and is considered a possible human carcinogen by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Inhalation studies that quantify chlorothalonil subchronic effects (e.g., genotoxicity) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the possible genotoxic potential of... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228290 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218160&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21894559%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we monitored PAH exposure in outmigrant juvenile Chinook salmon from the Lower Columbia River to evaluate the risk that these contaminants might pose to the health and recovery of threatened and endangered salmonids. Juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were collected by beach seine from five sites in the Lower Columbia River from Bonneville Dam to the mouth of the estuary (Warrendale, the Willamette-Columbia Confluence, Columbia City, Beaver Army Terminal, and Point Adams) and from a site in the Lower Willamette near downtown Portland (Morrison Street Bridge). Sediment samples were also collected at the same sites. Concentrations of PAHs in sediment samples were relatively low at all sites with average total PAH concentrations <1000 ng/g dry weight (wt.). ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218160 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218162&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21892761%26dopt%3DAbstract This study established the levels, occurrence, and possible sources of bromate in local drinking water supplies. PMID: 21892761 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218162 Sun, 04 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218161&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21892762%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bassioni G, Abdulla F, Morsy Z, El-Faramawy N Abstract The distribution of natural nuclide gamma-ray activities and their respective annual effective dose rates, produced by potassium-40 ((40)K), uranium-238 ((238)U), thorium-232 ((232)Th), and radium-226 ((226)Ra), were determined for 14 oilfield scale samples from the Middle East. Accumulated radioactive materials concentrate in tubing and surface equipment, and workers at equipment-cleaning facilities and naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) disposal facilities are the population most at risk for exposure to NORM radiation. Gamma-spectra analysis indicated that photo-gamma lines represent the parents of 10 radioactive nuclides: (234)Th, plutonium-239, actinium-228, (226)Ra, lead-212 ((212)Pb), (214)Pb, thal... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218161 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5192426&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21877223%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vega-López A, Carrillo-Morales CI, Olivares-Rubio HF, Lilia Domínguez-López M, García-Latorre EA Abstract Halomethanes (HMs) are produced autochthonously in water bodies through the action of ultraviolet light in the presence of HM precursors, such as dissolved organic carbon and halogens. In mammals, toxic effects induced by HMs are diverse and include oxidative stress, which is also induced by divalent and polyvalent metals; however, in fish little information is available on HM metabolism and its possible consequences at the population level. In the present study, high CYP 2E1 and GST theta-like activities were found in viscera of the Toluca silverside Chirostoma riojai from Lake Zumpango (LZ; central Mexico). Formaldehyde, one of the HM metabolites, was correlated ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5192426 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5192426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5192425&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21877224%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Soucek DJ, Dickinson A Abstract Both point- and nonpoint-sources of pollution have contributed to increased inorganic nitrogen concentrations in freshwater ecosystems. Although numerous studies have investigated the toxic effects of ammonia on freshwater species, relatively little work has been performed to characterize the acute toxicity of the other two common inorganic nitrogen species: nitrate and nitrite. In particular, to our knowledge, no published data exist on the toxicity of nitrate and nitrite to North American freshwater bivalves (Mollusca) or stoneflies (Insecta, Plecoptera). We conducted acute (96-h) nitrate and nitrite toxicity tests with two stonefly species (Allocapnia vivipara and Amphinemura delosa), an amphipod (Hyalella azteca), two freshwater unionid ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5192425 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5192425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5174903&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21858736%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jemec A, Tišler T, Zgajnar-Gotvajn A Abstract In the present article, the efficiency of biological treatment of landfill leachates was evaluated by implementation of physicochemical characterisation and a complex toxicity assessment. An array of toxicity tests using bacterium Vibrio fischeri, alga Desmodesmus subspicatus, crustacean Daphnia magna, and embryo of fish Danio rerio, as well as unconventional methods using biochemical biomarkers (protein content, enzymes cholinesterase, and glutathione-S-transferase), were employed. Toxicity of leachates varied depending on the season of collection in relation to their different physicochemical characteristics. Uncommon effects of leachates on organisms, such as hormetic-like increases of algal growth and reproduction of daphn... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5174903 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5174903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5174902&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21858737%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Di Beneditto AP, Bittar VT, Camargo PB, Rezende CE, Kehrig HA Abstract The present study raised the hypothesis that the trophic status in a tropical coastal food web from southeastern Brazil can be measured by the relation between total mercury (THg) and nitrogen isotope (δ(15)N) in their components. The analysed species were grouped into six trophic positions: primary producer (phytoplankton), primary consumer (zooplankton), consumer 1 (omnivore shrimp), consumer 2 (pelagic carnivores represented by squid and fish species), consumer 3 (demersal carnivores represented by fish species) and consumer 4 (pelagic-demersal top carnivore represented by the fish Trichiurus lepturus). The values of THg, δ(15)N, and trophic level (TLv) increased significantly from primary producer... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5174902 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5174902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5140989&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21850511%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lange LE, Obendorf SK Abstract Dermal absorption of pesticides poses a danger for agricultural workers. Use of personal protection equipment (PPE) is required to provide protection; some of the current PPE involves impermeable barriers. In these barrier materials, the same mechanism that prevents the penetration of toxic chemicals also blocks the passage of water vapor and air from flowing through the material, making the garments uncomfortable. Fibers that degrade organophosphate pesticides, such as methyl parathion, were developed by incorporating metal oxides. These modified fibers can be incorporated into conventional fabric structures that allow water vapor to pass through, thereby maintaining comfort. Fibers with self-decontamination functionality were developed by i... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5140989 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5140989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5140990&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21822982%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martínez FD, Trejo-Acevedo A, Betanzos AF, Espinosa-Reyes G, Alegría-Torres JA, Maldonado IN Abstract The aim of this study was to assess levels of DDT and DDE in two environmental matrices (soil and dust) and to investigate the blood levels of these insecticides in exposed children living in a north Mexican state (Chihuahua) where DDT was sprayed several years ago during (1) health campaigns for the control of malaria and (2) agricultural activities. DDT and DDE were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In general, lower levels were found in household outdoor samples. The levels in outdoor samples ranged from 0.001 to 0.788 mg/kg for DDT and from 0.001 to 0.642 mg/kg for DDE. The levels in indoor samples ranged from 0.001 to 15.47 mg/kg for DDT and from ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5140990 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5140990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5140991&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21818617%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marques RC, Dórea JG, Leão RS, Dos Santos VG, Bueno L, Marques RC, Brandão KG, Palermo EF, Guimarães JR Abstract Human occupation of the Amazon region has recently increased, bringing deforestation for agriculture and open-cast mining, activities that cause environmental degradation and pollution. Families of new settlers in mining areas might have a diet less dependent on abundant fish and their children might also be impacted by exposures to mining environments. Therefore, there is compounded interest in assessing young children's nutritional status and neurobehavioral development with regard to family fish consumption. Anthropometric (z-scores, WHO standards) and neurologic [Gesell developmental scores (GDS)] development in 688 preschool children (1-59 months of ag... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5140991 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5140991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5097447&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21811884%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brinkman SF, Johnston WD National water-quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life are based on toxicity tests, often using organisms that are easy to culture in the laboratory. Species native to the Rocky Mountains are poorly represented in data sets used to derive national water-quality criteria. To provide additional data on the toxicity of zinc, several laboratory acute-toxicity tests were conducted with a diverse assortment of fish, benthic invertebrates, and an amphibian native to the Rocky Mountains. Tests with fish were conducted using three subspecies of cutthroat trout (Colorado River cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus, greenback cutthroat trout O. clarkii stomias, and Rio Grande cutthroat trout O. clarkii virginalis), mountain whitefish (Proso... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5097447 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5097447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5050009&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21769654%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tian D, Lin Z, Ding J, Yin D, Zhang Y Although environmental contaminants are usually encountered as nonequitoxic mixtures, most studies have investigated the toxicity of equitoxic mixtures. In the present study, a method for prediction of the toxicity of nonequitoxic mixtures was developed using the similarity parameter (λ). The joint effect of multiple contaminants at the median inhibition concentration in equitoxic ([Formula: see text]) and nonequitoxic ([Formula: see text]) binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures was investigated using Vibrio fischeri. The observed results indicate that the concentration ratios of individual chemicals in the mixtures influenced the joint effects, and that λ could be employed to evaluate the relation between [Formula: see text] and [Form... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5050009 Sat, 16 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5050009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5050010&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21766244%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hisamichi Y, Haraguchi K, Endo T Contamination levels of total mercury (T-Hg), p,p'-DDE, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in akami (leaner meat) and toro (fatty meat) samples from Pacific bluefin tuna cultured in the southern (four locations) and central (three locations) regions of Japan were analyzed. The contamination level of T-Hg in the akami and toro samples from the southern region tended to decrease with an increase in latitude, whereas those of p,p'-DDE and PCBs tended to increase. These spatial trends in contaminants were similar to those reported previously in wild tuna caught off the coast of Japan (Hisamichi et al., in Environ Sci Technol 44:5971-5978, 2010). However, the contamination level of T-Hg in akami and toro samples from one location in the central re... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5050010 Fri, 15 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5050010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5000746&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21720751%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nasiadek M, Swiatkowska E, Nowinska A, Krawczyk T, Wilczynski JR, Sapota A PMID: 21720751 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5000746 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5000746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5000747&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21713402%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fang T, Aronson KJ, Campbell LM Wild fish from Qiandao Hu, a reservoir in the Zhejiang Province in eastern China, have increased mercury (Hg) concentrations exceeding the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended guidelines. Due to the importance of freshwater biota in the local cuisine, dietary exposure to increased neurotoxic Hg is a concern in this region. An environmental hair-marker study was undertaken coincident with a cross-sectional epidemiologic study with 50 women age 17-46 years living in a Qiandao Hu fishing village. Diet, occupation, and other possible sources of Hg were recorded by way of questionnaires. Total mercury (THg) and selenium (Se) concentrations were measured in human hair samples and in important market fish species. Fish THg and Se concentratio... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5000747 Tue, 28 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5000747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5000748&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21710293%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nallani GC, Paulos PM, Venables BJ, Edziyie RE, Constantine LA, Huggett DB The environmental presence of the oral contraceptive norethindrone (NET) has been reported and shown to have reproductive effects in fish at environmentally realistic exposure levels. The current study examined bioconcentration potential of NET in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Fathead minnows were exposed to 50 μg/l NET for 28 days and allowed to depurate in clean water for 14 days. In a minimized 14-day test design, catfish were exposed to 100 μg/l NET for 7 days followed by 7-day depuration. In the fathead test, tissues (muscle, liver, and kidneys) were sampled during the uptake (days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28) and depuration (days 35 and 42) phases. ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5000748 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5000748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5000749&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21706354%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluated the condition factor, gonadosomatic, and hepatosomatic indexes, occurrence of plasmatic vitellogenin (Vg), and frequency of spermatogenic maturity stages in male Chilean flounders, Paralichthys adspersus, caught at three different coastal sites off the Bio-Bio region, central Chile, during 1 year. The Vg was detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate and Western blot analyses using an antibody against Chilean flounder Vg. The spermatogenic maturity stages were analyzed by histological gonadic diagnostic. The prevalence of plasmatic Vg induction in male fish differed significantly among sites. The flounders sampled from the Itata area were the most affected. Evaluations of biometric data, plasmatic Vg induction, and spermatogenic maturit... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5000749 Sat, 25 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5000749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5000750&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21706228%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nagel F, Kammann U, Wagner C, Hanel R In the light of the alarming decline of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) population, there is an urgent need to define ecological indicators for eel habitat quality. Due to an increasing shortage of glass eels available for local stock enhancement, the decision of whether restocking is a valuable management tool to increase high-quality silver eel escapement to the sea needs to be evaluated. Organic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are among the major threats to fish in their habitat. Therefore, the aim of the investigation presented here was to examine metabolites of PAHs in eel bile as one possible marker for habitat quality. In total, 170 yellow eels were collected in the rivers Rhine, Ems, Weser, El... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5000750 Fri, 24 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5000750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5000751&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21698443%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simonetti P, Botté SE, Fiori SM, Marcovecchio JE Copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in soft tissues of male and female burrowing crab Neohelice granulate, as well as their eggs, were measured in two different locations in the Bahía Blanca estuary, a moderately polluted ecosystem, from October 2008 to August 2009. Differences between sexes, sites, and seasonality were assessed. Furthermore, metal levels in eggs were compared with metal levels in female crabs. The results showed no significant differences for Cu and Cd between sexes (Student t test p > 0.25 for both sites) and sites (two-way analysis of variance: Cu p = 0.82 and Cd p = 0.29). Nevertheless, seasonality was found, with winter having significantly lower concentrations for both metals. The range... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5000751 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5000751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4954030&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21674223%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Choi M, Moon HB, Choi HG Concentrations of butyltin compounds (BTs) were determined in 47 species of seafood commonly consumed in Korea to investigate intakes of BTs from seafood consumption and the potential health risks to the Korean population. The concentrations of BTs (the sum of dibutyltin and tributyltin) in seafood ranged from less than the limit of detection to 96.3 ng/g wet weight, which are levels similar to those reported for other countries. The intake of BTs from seafood consumption by the general population was estimated to be 17.2 ng/kg body weight/day. Fish accounted for 50% of the total intakes of BT, and the next contributor was cephalopods (26%). The estimated intakes for males and females were 18.6 and 15.7 ng/ kg body weight/day, respectively. Among th... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4954030 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4954030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4954031&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21656048%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows that flow conditions, vegetation cover, and runoff-related pesticides jointly affect communities of benthic macroinvertebrates in stormwater wetlands. PMID: 21656048 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4954031 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4954031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905563&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21643965%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hrádková P, Pulkrabová J, Kalachová K, Hloušková V, Tomaniová M, Poustka J, Hajšlová J The occurrence of organohalogenated compounds including major persistent chlorinated pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT and its metabolites, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), represented by polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), together with currently widely discussed perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), mainly perfluorooctane sulfonic acid was monitored in several fish species collected from Czech rivers. Eleven sampling locations in highly industrialized areas were chosen. In addition, wild species of 14 farmed fish (grown in dedicated ponds) were also analysed. With respect to the contamination in different areas, chlorin... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905563 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905564&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21643816%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hued AC, Oberhofer S, de Los Ángeles Bistoni M Roundup is the most popular commercial glyphosate formulation applied in the cultivation of genetically modified glyphosate-resistant crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological lesions of the neotropical native fish, Jenynsia multidentata, in response to acute and subchronic exposure to Roundup and to determine if subchronic exposure to the herbicide causes changes in male sexual activity of individuals exposed to a sublethal concentration (0.5 mg/l) for 7 and 28 days. The estimated 96-h LC(50) was 19.02 mg/l for both male and female fish. Gill and liver histological lesions were evaluated through histopathological indices allowing quantification of the histological damages in fish exposed to different conce... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905564 Fri, 03 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905565&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21630100%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated bone status after decreased cadmium (Cd) exposure in male rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups. One group was injected subcutaneously with sodium chloride as control. The others were given CdCl(2) by subcutaneous injection at doses of 0.5 mg Cd/kg body weight (bw) for 2 months (Cd+2m) and for 3 months (Cd+3m). For the Cd+2m group, the rats were shifted to cessation of Cd injection for 1 month after 2 months' exposure. At month 3, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analyses were performed on the proximal tibia and lumbar spine, and urine was collected from all rats. Rats were then killed and blood collected for metabolic-marker measurement and Cd assay. Bone tissues were also collected for bone-mass assay, biomechanical test, ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905565 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905566&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21626016%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ding G, Wouterse M, Baerselman R, Peijnenburg WJ Recently, polyfluorinated and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected in most surface waters around the world. Because some PFCs are persistent and tend to accumulate in surface waters, their potential adverse effects to aquatic organisms have received increasing attention. Nevertheless, currently available toxicity information is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effects of seven PFCs on root elongation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and photosynthesis of green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). It was found that the toxicity profiles of both species tested were similar and had good relations with the fluorinated carbon-chain length of the PFCs investigated. One of the compounds tested, p... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905566 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4855805&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21604054%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Heinz GH, Hoffman DJ, Klimstra JD, Stebbins KR, Kondrad SL, Erwin CA We injected mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) eggs with methylmercury chloride at doses of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 μg mercury/g egg contents on a wet-weight basis. A case of hormesis seemed to occur because hatching success of eggs injected with 0.05 μg/g mercury (the lowest dose) was significantly greater (93.3%) than that of controls (72.6%), whereas hatching success decreased at progressively greater doses of mercury. Our finding of hormesis when a low dose of methylmercury was injected into eggs agrees with a similar observation in a study in which a group of female mallards was fed a low dietary concentration of methylmercury and hatching of their eggs was significantly better than ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4855805 Fri, 20 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4855805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4855806&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21597984%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xiao F, Simcik MF, Gulliver JS As a persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic organic pollutant, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been found ubiquitously in the environment, including in tap water. For the first time, we studied PFOS sorption from water to foods (nine commonly consumed vegetables, three meats, and cereals) at two temperatures to estimate the daily intake of PFOS attributable to cooking and food preparation. The values of the food water-distribution coefficient (K (F/W), l/kg) of PFOS ranged from 7 to 19 l/kg for most vegetables and from 19 to 38 l/kg for meats. Celery exhibited the highest affinity toward PFOS (K (F/W) = 39.8 ± 3.4 l/kg), whereas onions showed the lowest affinity toward PFOS (K (F/W) = 1.1 ± 0.4 l/kg). Adding table salt (sodium ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4855806 Thu, 19 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4855806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4855809&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21594672%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smith BA, Greenberg B, Stephenson GL The soil-contact exposure pathway can be the main driver of ecological risk assessments. There is currently no standard method to measure bioavailability of metals in soil to ecological receptors, yet the influence of metal bioavailability on toxicity has been known for decades and is a major factor influencing risk to ecological receptors. Bioavailability is to a large degree governed by varying soil characteristics within and among sites, yet ecological screening benchmarks are often derived on a total-concentration basis. We compared a calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) extraction, cyclodextrin extraction, simulated earthworm gut (SEG) test, earthworm kinetic bioaccumulation test, and metal residues in plant tissues with a battery of invertebrat... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4855809 Wed, 18 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4855809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4855808&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21594673%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, concentrations and accumulation features of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in adipose tissues of Korean women age 40-68 years. The highest concentrations were found for PCBs and DDTs, which were 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than the concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexanes, chlordanes, and PBDEs. The concentrations of PCBs and OCPs were lower than those reported for other countries. However, PBDE concentrations were greater than those reported for other countries, suggesting that ongoing exposure to PBDEs is a concern in Korea. The profiles of PBDEs were characterized by the predominance of BDE 209, followed by nona- and octa-BDEs, which are consistent with the consumption patte... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4855808 Wed, 18 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4855808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4855807&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21594674%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jin Y, Zhang X, Lu D, Fu Z Atrazine (ATZ), the most common herbicide, is a frequently observed contaminant in freshwater ecosystems. In the present study, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight-mass spectrometry, combined with histopathological analysis, were used to detect the hepatic damage in adult female zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to ATZ. More than 600 hepatic protein spots were detected in each gel with silver staining, and most of the proteins ranged from 20 to 70 kD and pH 4-9. Through comparison and analysis, 7 proteins were found to be upregulated >2-fold, whereas 6 protein spots were downregulated >2-fold after 10 and 1000 μg/l ATZ exposures for 14 days, which had caused histological ef... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4855807 Wed, 18 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4855807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4855810&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21573761%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we determined the concentrations of six THs: L: -thyroxine (T(4)), 3,3',5-triiodo-L: -thyronine (T(3)), 3,3',5'-triiodo-L: -thyronine (rT(3)), 3,5-diiodo-L: -thyronine, 3,3'-diiodo-L: -thyronine, and 3-iodo-L: -thyronine in the serum of rats administered perchlorate by isotope ((13)C(6)-T(4))-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method recoveries for THs spiked into a serum matrix were between 97.0% and 115%, with a coefficient of variation of 2.1% to 9.4%. Rats were placed on an iodide-deficient or iodide-sufficient diet for 2.5 months, and for the last 2 weeks of that period they were provided drinking water either without or with perchlorate (10 mg/kg body weight/day). No significant differences in serum concentrations of T(3) and T(4) were obse... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4855810 Sat, 14 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4855810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803703&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21553241%26dopt%3DAbstract This study exposed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) to waterborne 0.1 mg/l Cd for 11 days and investigated the Cd accumulation pattern, lipid oxidation, and response of antioxidant defences. At the end of the experiment, mean Cd concentrations in gills and liver, the organs most prone to metal accumulation, were 209.4 and 371.7 ng/g ww, respectively. Muscle did not show any Cd retention during the 11 days of exposure. In liver, the cytosolic fraction of the metal was chelated into the nontoxic form by metallothionein (MT), a specific Cd-inducible protein. Zn and Cu concentrations were not influenced by Cd exposure. Glutathione (GSH) concentrations and the antioxidant enzyme activities of GSH reductase and GSH peroxidase showed an overall decreasing trend. In addition, lipid and aqueo... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803703 Sat, 07 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803704&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21526414%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of lead (Pb) on regulatory proteins linked to mechanisms of animal adaptation to polluted environments (using in vivo and in vitro tests) and to validate the in vitro assay as a tool for environmental assessment. Specimens of the bivalve Corbicula fluminea were exposed to nominal concentrations of Pb 5 mg l(-1) for 96 h. Isolated gill cells were exposed to three concentrations (1, 10, and 100 μM) for 5 h. Metal toxicity was evaluated by cell viability (trypan blue exclusion). We also analyzed Na(+)/K(+) adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and carbonic anhydrase activity. Additionally, the multixenobiotic-resistance (MXR) phenotype was evaluated by the accumulation of rhodamine B (RB). Immunolabeling was used to quantify the expr... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803704 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803705&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21512804%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Christian Franson J, Lahner LL, Meteyer CU, Rattner BA To evaluate the potential toxicity of copper (Cu) in raptors that may consume Cu bullets, shotgun pellets containing Cu, or Cu fragments as they feed on wildlife carcasses, we studied the effects of metallic Cu exposure in a surrogate, the American kestrel (Falco sparverius). Sixteen kestrels were orally administered 5 mg Cu/g body mass in the form of Cu pellets (1.18-2.00 mm in diameter) nine times during 38 days and 10 controls were sham gavaged on the same schedule. With one exception, all birds retained the pellets for at least 1 h, but most (69%) regurgitated pellets during a 12-h monitoring period. Hepatic Cu concentrations were greater in kestrels administered Cu than in controls, but there was no difference in ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803705 Thu, 21 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803706&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21509605%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cattaneo R, Moraes BS, Loro VL, Pretto A, Menezes C, Sartori GM, Clasen B, de Avila LA, Marchesan E, Zanella R Field and laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate toxicological responses of Cyprinus carpio exposed to the commercial herbicide clomazone (500 mg l(-1)). Fish were exposed to 0.5 mg l(-1) of the formulated herbicide for 7, 30, and 90 days. Fish were exposed to clomazone in field conditions (7, 30, or 90 days trapped in submersed cages together with rice crops) and in laboratory conditions where the fish were placed in 45-l tanks with tap water only for 7 days. Fish exposed for 7, 30, or 90 days showed no alterations in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity under field conditions. Under laboratory conditions, decreased muscle AChE activity was observe... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803706 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803707&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21505867%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bradford DF, Kramer JL, Gerstenberger SL, Tallent-Halsell NG, Nash MS Amphibians in alpine wetlands of the Sierra Nevada mountains comprise key components of an aquatic-terrestrial food chain, and mercury contamination is a concern because concentrations in fish from this region exceed thresholds of risk to piscivorous wildlife. Total mercury concentrations were measured in whole tadpoles of the Sierra chorus frog, Pseudacris sierra, two times at 27 sites from high elevations (2786-3375 m) in the southern Sierra Nevada. Median mercury concentrations were 14 ng/g wet weight (154 ng/g dry weight), which were generally low in comparison to tadpoles of 15 other species/location combinations from studies that represented both highly contaminated and minimally contaminated sites.... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803707 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803710&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21503699%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to examine the effect of formation water from Urucu Reserve, Amazon, on whole-body uptake and internal distribution of newly accumulated Na(+) in juvenile tamoatá, Hoplosternum litoralle. Groups of fish were submitted to nine treatments for 3 h in 400-ml chambers: control (well water), 5% formation water, and well water with respective concentrations of 5% formation water of Ca(2+), Fe, Mn, Ba(2+), Fe + Ca(2+), Mn + Ca(2+), and Ba + Ca(2+) added. Specimens of tamoatá exposed to 5% formation water presented a very high Na(+) influx, probably due to the high Na(+) levels in this water. Waterborne Fe and Mn stimulated Na(+) influx, but Fe increased Na(+) efflux, causing Na(+) loss. Waterborne Mn, on the other hand, decreased Na(+) efflux, reducing Na(+... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803710 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803709&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21503700%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhao H, Cheng J, Cai J, Cheng Z, Cui Y, Gao G, Hu R, Gong X, Wang L, Hong F Cerium has been demonstrated to damage liver of mice, but very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the mouse liver apoptosis. In order to understand the liver injury induced by intragastric administration of cerium chloride (CeCl(3)) for 60 consecutive days, the hepatocyte ultrasrtucture, various oxidative stress parameters, and the stress-related gene expression levels were investigated for the mouse liver. The results demonstrated that CeCl(3) had an obvious accumulation in the mouse liver, leading to a classical laddering cleavage of DNA and hepatocyte apoptosis. CeCl(3) significantly promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and inhibited the stress-related gene exp... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803709 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803708&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21503701%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Castro IB, Arroyo MF, Costa PG, Fillmann G The first appraisal of butyltins (BT) contamination linked with imposex incidence in the Pacific coast of South America was performed in the current study. Imposex occurrence was analyzed in three muricid species (Thais biserialis, T. brevidentata, and T. kiosquiformis) distributed along 14 sites from the coastal areas of Ecuador. All studied muricids species showed imposex, which was observed in 11 out of 14 sites. The highest imposex levels were observed in T. kiosquiformis collected inside the Gulf of Guayaquil [relative penis length index (RPLI) 9.0-40.7], whereas RPLI values for T. biserialis and T. brevidentata ranged from 4.0 to 26.1 and 0.0 to 1.9, respectively. Additionally, BT compounds [tributyltin (TBT), dibutylin (DBT), a... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803708 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803711&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21479662%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frassinetti S, Pitzalis E, Mascherpa MC, Caltavuturo L, Morelli E The goal of this article is to verify the applicability of two different biological assays for studying a coastal area that is subject to anthropogenic inputs. Phytochelatins in the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii were used as a biomarker of metal bioavailability. The frequency of genetic damage in the sensitive D7 strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to estimate the mutagenic potential. Biological assays were carried out using sediment elutriates. Sediments were collected at three selected sites located in the Gulf of Follonica (Tuscany, Italy), during a 2-year sampling period: Cala Violina (reference site) and the mouths of the rivers Pecora and Cornia, named sites V, P and C, respecti... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803711 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803712&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21472454%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nevado JJ, Martín-Doimeadios RC, Bernardo FJ, Moreno MJ, Ropero MJ, de Marcos Serrano A An assessment of mercury (Hg) accumulation in fish from the Tagus River aquatic system (central Spain), which has been influenced by pollution from industrial and urban development, was performed. Total Hg (THg), inorganic Hg (IHg), and monomethylmercury (MMHg) were determined in muscle and liver of different fish species, including Cyprinus carpio, Ameiurus melas, and Chondrostoma miegii, sampled from three locations. Although concentrations of THg and Hg species showed wide variability among the fish species, they were also found to be considerably dependent on location and fish tissue. Relative contents of MMHg to THg in muscle varied from 60 to 88%, whereas those found in liver ranged ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803712 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803713&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21468719%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kalman J, Riba I, Delvalls A, Blasco J A short-term whole-sediment test using the polychaete Arenicola marina was conducted under laboratory conditions to assess the bioavailability of metals bound to sediments collected from 12 sites of the Gulf of Cádiz. To achieve this objective, the rate of increase of metal bioaccumulation and the induction of a typical biomarker, metallothioneinlike proteins (MTLPs) were determined. Results of the multivariate analysis showed associated metal-rich sediments, increased rate of Cu and Zn accumulations, but lower toxicity with an increased MTLP induction, whereas sedimentary Ni and Co concentrations were related to higher toxicity to lugworms, although it might be caused by other contaminants present in these sediments. The linear kinetic ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803713 Tue, 05 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803714&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21465245%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Glusczak L, Loro VL, Pretto A, Moraes BS, Raabe A, Duarte MF, da Fonseca MB, de Menezes CC, de Sousa Valladão DM In recent years, commercial glyphosate herbicide formulations have been widely used in agriculture to control aquatic weeds. These pesticides may result in disruption of ecological balance, causing damage to nontarget organisms including fish. Teleostean fish (Leporinus obtusidens) were exposed to commercial glyphosate herbicide formulation at 0 (control), 3, 6, 10 or 20 mg L(-1) for 96 h. The effects of herbicide on plasmatic metabolic parameters, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), catalase activity, protein carbonyl, and mucus layer parameters were studied. Plasmatic glucose and lactate levels increased but protein levels showed reduction after h... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803714 Mon, 04 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803715&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21461931%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Allinson M, Shiraishi F, Salzman SA, Allinson G This project involved the collection of final effluent samples from 39 wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) in Victoria, Australia, in late summer (late February to early March 2007). The 39 WWTPs included 15 lagoon-based plants and 24 with activated sludge-based processes. Samples were collected and subjected to measurement of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity of the dissolved phase using yeast-based recombinant receptor-reporter gene bioassays. More than 90% of the effluents examined in this study elicited RAR activity (<0.5-198 ng/l a-t-RA equivalents [EQ]). All of the effluents had AhR activity (16-279 ng/l βNF EQ). Notwithstanding the paucity of comparative data, on the whole, the... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803715 Sat, 02 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803716&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21452006%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dawson DA, Mooneyham T, Jeyaratnam J, Schultz TW, Pöch G Four ethyl α-halogenated acetates were tested in (1) sham and (2) nonsham combinations and (3) with a nonreactive nonpolar narcotic. Ethyl iodoacetate (EIAC), ethyl bromoacetate (EBAC), ethyl chloroacetate (ECAC), and ethyl fluoroacetate (EFAC), each considered to be an SN2-H-polar soft electrophile, were selected for testing based on their differences in electro(nucleo)philic reactivity and time-dependent toxicity (TDT). Agent reactivity was assessed using the model nucleophile glutathione, with EIAC and EBAC showing rapid reactivity, ECAC being less reactive, and EFAC lacking reactivity at ≤250 mM. The model nonpolar narcotic, 3-methyl-2-butanone (3M2B), was not reactive. Toxicity of the agents alone and in mixtu... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803716 Wed, 30 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803717&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21448743%26dopt%3DAbstract This article evaluates the relationship between aqueous mercury and fish tissue mercury across a contamination gradient in the South and South Fork Shenandoah rivers of Virginia. The relationship was found to be nonlinear, with BAFs decreasing as the level of contamination increased. This means that protective water column mercury concentration targets established from site-specific BAFs will be overestimated in contaminated areas and will not be sufficiently protective. To avoid this over-prediction in the South and South Fork Shenandoah rivers, an empirical nonlinear Michaelis-Menten model was used to establish a protective water-quality target. Among other models and variables, the Michaelis-Menten model, relating total mercury in the water column to methylmercury in fish tissue, achiev... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803717 Tue, 29 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4803717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803720&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21442248%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Macdonald DD, Ingersoll CG, Kemble NE, Smorong DE, Sinclair JA, Lindskoog R, Gaston G, Sanger D, Carr RS, Biedenbach J, Gouguet R, Kern J, Shortelle A, Field LJ, Meyer J The sediments in the Calcasieu Estuary are contaminated with a wide variety of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs), including heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, chlorinated benzenes, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. The sources of these COPCs include both point and non-point source discharges. As part of a baseline ecological risk assessment, the risks to benthic invertebrates posed by exposure to sediment-associated COPCs were assessed using five lines of evidence, including whole-sediment chemistry, pore-water chemistry, whole-sed... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803720 Sat, 26 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4803720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803719&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21442249%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Macdonald DD, Ingersoll CG, Smorong DE, Sinclair JA, Lindskoog R, Wang N, Severn C, Gouguet R, Meyer J, Field J Three sets of effects-based sediment-quality guidelines (SQGs) were evaluated to support the selection of sediment-quality benchmarks for assessing risks to benthic invertebrates in the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana. These SQGs included probable effect concentrations (PECs), effects range median values (ERMs), and logistic regression model (LRMs)-based T(50) values. The results of this investigation indicate that all three sets of SQGs tend to underestimate sediment toxicity in the Calcasieu Estuary (i.e., relative to the national data sets), as evaluated using the results of 10-day toxicity tests with the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, or Ampelisca abdita, and 28-day who... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803719 Sat, 26 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4803719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4803718&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21442250%26dopt%3DAbstract This article describes the environmental setting and site history, identifies the chemicals of potential concern, presents the exposure scenarios and conceptual model for the site, and summarizes the assessment and measurement endpoints that were used in the investigation. Two additional articles in this series describe the results of an evaluation of effects-based sediment-quality guidelines as well as an assessment of risks to benthic invertebrates associated with exposure to contaminated sediment. PMID: 21442250 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4803718 Sat, 26 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4803718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4637957&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21424219%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the effects of Ca(2+)-channel blockers [lanthanum (La) and verapamil (Ver)] on growth and content of Cd(2+) and Ca(2+) in coleoptile segments were also investigated. It was found that Cd at high concentrations (100 and 1000 μM) significantly inhibited endogenous growth of coleoptile segments and simultaneously measured proton extrusion. FC combined with Cd(2+) counteracted the toxic effect of Cd(2+) on endogenous growth and significantly decreased Cd(2+) content (not the case for Cd(2+) at the highest concentration) in coleoptile segments. Addition of Cd to the control medium caused depolarization of E (m), the extent of which was dependent on Cd concentration and time of treatment with Cd(2+). Hyperpolarization of E (m) induced by FC was suppressed in the presence of Cd(2... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4637957 Sat, 19 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4637957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4637956&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21424220%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frontera JL, Vatnick I, Chaulet A, Rodríguez EM Freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus have a high commercial value and are cultured in farms where they are potentially exposed to pesticides. Therefore, we examined the sublethal effects of a 50-day exposure to glyphosate acid and polyoxyethylenamine (POEA), both alone and in a 3:1 mixture, on the growth and energetic reserves in muscle, hepatopancreas and hemolymph of growing juvenile crayfish. Exposure to two different glyphosate and POEA mixtures caused lower somatic growth and decreased muscle protein levels. These effects, caused by both compounds interacting in the mixture, could also be synergistic because they were expressed even at the lowest concentration. The decrease in protein levels could be related to the gr... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4637956 Sat, 19 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4637956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4637955&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21424221%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Murakami M, Adachi N, Saha M, Morita C, Takada H Perfluorinated surfactants (PFSs) in Asian freshwater fish species were analyzed to investigate tissue distribution, temporal trends, extent of pollution, and level of PFS exposure through food intake. Freshwater fish species, namely carp, snakehead, and catfish, were collected in Japan, Vietnam, India, Malaysia, and Thailand, and 10 PFSs, including perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate, were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PFSs in carp in Tokyo were more concentrated in kidneys (Σ10 PFSs = 257 ± 95 ng/g wet weight [ww]) and livers (119 ± 36 ng/g ww) than in ovaries (43 ± 2 ng/g ww) and muscles (24 ± 17 ng/g ww). Concentrations of PFOS and its precursor, perfluo... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4637955 Sat, 19 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4637955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4637954&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21424222%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schummer ML, Petrie SA, Badzinski SS, Deming M, Chen YW, Belzile N Contaminant inputs to the lower Great Lakes (LGL) have decreased since the 1960s and 1970s, but elemental contaminants continue to enter the LGL watershed at levels that are potentially deleterious to migratory waterfowl. Mute swans (Cygnus olor) using the LGL primarily eat plants, are essentially nonmigratory, forage exclusively in aquatic systems, and have increased substantially in number in the last few decades. Therefore, mute swans are an ideal sentinel species for monitoring elemental contaminants available to herbivorous and omnivorous waterfowl that use the LGL. We investigated hepatic concentrations, seasonal dynamics, and correlations of elements in mute swans (n = 50) collected at Long Point, Lake... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4637954 Sat, 19 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4637954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4637953&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21424223%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Isanhart JP, Wu H, Pandher K, Macrae RK, Cox SB, Hooper MJ From September to November 2000, United States Fish and Wildlife Service biologists investigated incidents involving 221 bird deaths at 3 mine sites located in New Mexico and Arizona. These bird deaths primarily involved passerine and waterfowl species and were assumed to be linked to consumption of acid metalliferous water (AMW). Because all of the carcasses were found in or near pregnant leach solution ponds, tailings ponds, and associated lakes or storm water retention basins, an acute-toxicity study was undertaken using a synthetic AMW (SAMW) formulation based on the contaminant profile of a representative pond believed to be responsible for avian mortalities. An acute oral-toxicity trial was performed with a mixed... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4637953 Sat, 19 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4637953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4637952&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21424224%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Joshi D, Mittal D, Shrivastav S, Shukla S, Srivastav AK Mercury (Hg), widely used in industry, is a great environmental health problem for humans and animals. Despite several reports regarding Hg toxicity, there is scarcity of data on its toxic manifestations on Sprague Dawley rats under realistic exposure conditions. Experimental studies have shown that sulphur-containing antioxidants have beneficial effects against the detrimental properties of Hg. The present work was aimed to study the therapeutic potential of combined administration of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC; 2 mmol/kg ip), zinc (Zn; 2 mmol/kg po), and selenium (Se; 0.5 mg/kg po) against dimethylmercury (DMM; 1 mg/kg po)-intoxicated male rats for 12 weeks. Exposure to DMM caused significant alterations in cytochrome ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4637952 Sat, 19 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4637952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4578334&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21373924%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramos-Gómez J, Viguri JR, Luque A, Vale C, Laura Martín-Díaz M, Angel Delvalls T The sediment quality of Cádiz Bay, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (LPGC) Port, Santander Bay, Algeciras Bay, and Huelva Estuary (Spain) was evaluated by analysing a battery of biochemical biomarkers-activities of biotranformation enzymes ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase [EROD], dibenzylflourescein dealkylase [DBF], and glutathione S-transferase [GST]; activity of antioxidant enzyme glutathione reductase [GR]; and lipid peroxidation [LPO]-in the polychaete Arenicola marina after laboratory sediment exposure. Huelva Estuary polychaetes showed significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced LPO, GST, and EROD activities compared with control lugworms related to metals and presumably polychlorinated biphenyls. ERO... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4578334 Fri, 04 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4578334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4578337&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21360077%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kerr R, Holladay J, Holladay S, Tannenbaum L, Selcer B, Meldrum B, Williams S, Jarrett T, Gogal R Lead (Pb) is a worldwide environmental contaminant known to adversely affect multiple organ systems in both mammalian and avian species. In birds, a common route of exposure is via oral ingestion of lead particles. Data are currently lacking for the retention and clearance of Pb bullet fragments in gastrointestinal (GI) tract of birds while linking toxicity with blood Pb levels. In the present study, northern bobwhite quail fed a seed-based diet were orally gavaged with Pb bullet fragments (zero, one or five fragments/bird) and evaluated for rate of fragment clearance, and changes in peripheral blood, renal, immune, and gastrointestinal parameters. Based on radiographs, the majori... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4578337 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4578337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4578336&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21360078%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zheng J, Luo XJ, Yuan JG, He LY, Zhou YH, Luo Y, Chen SJ, Mai BX, Yang ZY Heavy metals were measured in hair from occupationally and nonoccupationally exposed populations in an e-waste recycling area and from residents from a control rural town. The levels of five heavy metals were in the following order of Zn > Pb, Cu > Cd > Ni, with the highest levels found in the occupationally exposed workers. The levels of Cd, Pb, and Cu were significantly higher in residents from the e-waste recycling area than in the control area. Elevated Cd, Pb, and Cu contents along with significant positive correlations between them in hair from the e-waste recycling area indicated that these metals were likely to have originated from the e-waste recycling activities. The similarity i... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4578336 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4578336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4578335&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21360079%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumari B, Ahsan J The present investigation has been conducted to study of the effect of acute exposure of sublethal doses of arsenic tri-oxide (As(2)O(3)) on blood glucose level in an Indian teleost, Clarias batrachus, during their post-breeding season (October to January). The effect was correlated with the sex and doses used with time. Acute exposure of As(2)O(3) of 5, 10 and 15 mg/l for six consecutive days (i.e., 144 h) has been conducted on both sexes of C. batrachus. During the present investigation, it was noticed that the females were more reactive to arsenic in producing hyperglycemia compared to their male counterparts. The difference between males and females to produce hyperglycemia on exposure to arsenic appears to be dose dependent, as lower doses of 5 and 10�... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4578335 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4578335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4578338&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21344266%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bernabò I, Sperone E, Tripepi S, Brunelli E Chlorpyrifos [O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphorothioate] is a widely used non-systemic organophosphorus insecticide frequently detected in surface waters around the world. The goal of this study is to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of this insecticide on Rana dalmatina tadpoles. To assess the sensitivity of this species, the LC50 value (i.e. the concentration at which 50% of tadpoles die) was determined after 96 h. Our results showed that 5.174 mg L(-1) chlorpyrifos caused 50% mortality in tadpoles at Gosner stage 25. Chronic toxicity tests were also conducted to evaluate the sublethal effects of chlorpyrifos; tadpoles were exposed to three ecologically relevant concentrations (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg L(-... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4578338 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4578338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4578340&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21340574%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leboulanger C, Bouvy M, Carré C, Cecchi P, Amalric L, Bouchez A, Pagano M, Sarazin G Natural plankton communities from a tropical freshwater reservoir (Combani Reservoir, Mayotte Island, Mozambique Channel) were exposed, in 20-l nutrient-enriched microcosms, to two nominal concentrations of three pesticides: the herbicides diuron (2.2 and 11 μg/l) and paraquat (10 and 40.5 μg/l) and the insecticide fenitrothion (10 and 100 μg/l), commonly used in the tropics for agriculture and disease vector control. Bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and zooplankton communities were monitored for 5 days after exposure, and the concentrations of toxicant and major nutrients were measured. Bacterioplankton growth was noticeable in all systems and was slightly affected by pesticide at any... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4578340 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4578340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4578339&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21340575%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schaefer AM, Stavros HC, Bossart GD, Fair PA, Goldstein JD, Reif JS We evaluated associations between total mercury (Hg) concentrations in blood and skin and endocrine, hepatic, renal, and hematological parameters in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Dolphins in Indian River Lagoon, FL had higher concentrations of Hg in blood (0.67 μg/l wet wt) and skin (7.24 μg/g dry wt) compared with those from Charleston Harbor, SC (0.15 μg/l wet wt, 1.68 μg/g dry wt). An inverse relationship was observed between blood and skin Hg concentrations and total thyroxine, triiodothyronine, absolute numbers of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and platelets. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), blood urea nitrogen, and gamma-glutamyl transferase increased with increasing concen... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4578339 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4578339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4578341&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21327641%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sobin C, Parisi N, Schaub T, Gutierrez M, Ortega AX Child low-level lead (Pb) exposure is an unresolved public health problem and an unaddressed child health disparity. Particularly in cases of low-level exposure, source removal can be impossible to accomplish, and the only practical strategy for reducing risk may be primary prevention. Genetic biomarkers of increased neurotoxic risk could help to identify small subgroups of children for early intervention. Previous studies have suggested that, by way of a distinct mechanism, δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase single nucleotide polymorphism 2 (ALAD(2)) and/or peptide transporter 2*2 haplotype (hPEPT2*2) increase Pb blood burden in children. Studies have not yet examined whether sex mediates the effects of genotype on blood Pb ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4578341 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4578341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4470585&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21308369%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Adokoh CK, Obodai EA, Essumang DK, Serfor-Armah Y, Nyarko BJ, Asabere-Ameyaw A An environmental pollution investigation was carried out to determine the concentrations of aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) (heavy metals) in the surface water and river water bed sediments of lagoons and estuaries along the coastal belt of Ghana. The study assessed the environmental pollution situation and evaluated their sources and distribution of these metals. The total concentrations of Al, As, Cd, and Hg were determined by the neutron activation analysis technique. Water and sediment samples were collected from the Benya, Fosu, and Narkwa lagoons in the Central Region and from the Pra estuary in the western part of Ghana. Some indices, such as contamination factor, ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4470585 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4470585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4470587&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21305274%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ortiz-Ordoñez E, Uría-Galicia E, Ruiz-Picos RA, Sánchez Duran AG, Hernández Trejo Y, Sedeño-Díaz JE, López-López E The use of herbicides for agricultural and aquatic weed control has increased worldwide. These substances are potentially toxic pollutants because they induce the production of reactive oxygen species for biological systems and exert oxidative stress in nontarget organisms living in the treated aquatic systems. Recent evidence suggests differences in the toxicity of glyphosate in the form of an active ingredient compared to the toxicity of glyphosate in combination with surfactants, such as those found in commercial formulations. In Mexico, one of the most widely used glyphosate-based herbicides is Yerbimat, which has agricultural as well as aquatic weed c... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4470587 Wed, 09 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4470587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4470586&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21305275%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, four harpacticoid copepod species (Nitocra spinipes, Tisbe tenuimana, Robertgurneya hopkinsi, and Halectinosoma sp.) were isolated from clean marine sediments, and procedures for laboratory culturing were developed. Halectinosoma sp. was abandoned due to handling difficulties. For the remaining species, the influence of food type and quantity on life-cycle progression was assessed. A mixed diet, comprising two species of algae (Tetraselmis sp. and Isochrysis sp.) and fish food (Sera Micron) was found to maintain healthy cultures and was fed during laboratory tests. Water-only exposure to dissolved copper (Cu) showed that the times (range) required to cause 50% lethality (LT(50)) were 24 (22-27) h at 50 μg Cu/l for T. tenuimana; 114 (100-131) and 36 (32-40) h for 200 and ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4470586 Wed, 09 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4470586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4470588&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21290120%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, there were two kinds of the aquaculture pond food chains: (1) omnivorous (fish feeds, zooplankton, grass carp [Ctenopharyngodon idellus], and bighead carp [Aristichthys nobilis]) and (2) predatory (zooplankton, mud carp [Cirrhina molitorella], and mandarin fish [Siniperca kneri]). Bighead carp and mandarin fish had the highest MeHg and THg concentrations, i.e., an order of magnitude higher than other species, in their respective food chains. More than 90% of the THg concentrations detected in bighead carp, mandarin fish, and mud carp were in the methylated form. In this study, %MeHg increased with TLs and MeHg concentrations, reflecting that MeHg is the dominant chemical species of Hg accumulated in higher concentrations in biota, especially biota associated with higher TLs ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4470588 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4470588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4470589&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21287161%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang L, Wang H, Li J, Chen D, Liu Z The combined effects of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on primary cultures of rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells were studied. These cells were either treated with Pb acetate (0.5 and 1 μM) alone, Cd acetate (2.5 and 5 μM) alone, or a combination of Pb and Cd acetate, and then joint cytotoxicity was evaluated. The results showed that the combination of these two metals decreased cell viability and increased the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells and lactate dehydrogenase release synergistically. Simultaneously, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and calcium levels and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular acidification, and inhibition of Na(+), K(+)-, and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities were show... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4470589 Wed, 02 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4470589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4470592&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21286697%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chojnacka K, Michalak I, Zielińska A, Górecki H The aim of the present article was to assess the effect of wearing silver jewelry on mineral composition of human scalp hair. To investigate the possible effect of gender, a group of females and males was distinguished. Subjects, who declared in the questionnaire wearing silver jewelry, constituted 55% of the whole population. It was found that individuals wearing jewelry had increased levels of Ag (~ 3 times), Ba (30%), Ca (33%), La (40%), Li (25%), and Zn (27%) in hair and lowered level of: Al (34%), K (79%), and Na (32.5%) in comparison with the group that did not wear jewelry. Those differences were statistically significant. Lower levels of K and Na in hair of subjects wearing jewelry was probably related with an antagoni... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4470592 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4470592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4470591&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21286698%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beyer WN, Krafft C, Klassen S, Green CE, Chaney RL The forest on Blue Mountain, near Lehigh Gap, has been injured by emissions from two historical zinc (Zn) smelters in Palmerton, PA, located at the northern base of the mountain. The uppermost mineral soil and lower litter from sites along a transect, just south of the ridgetop, contained from 64 to 4400 mg/kg Zn. We measured forest metrics at 15 sampling sites to ascertain how forest structure, species composition and regeneration are related to soil concentrations of Zn, the probable principal cause of the injury. Understanding how ecotoxicological injury is related to soil Zn concentrations helps us quantify the extent of injury to the ecosystem on Blue Mountain as well as to generalize to other sites. The sum of canopy cl... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4470591 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4470591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4470590&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21286699%26dopt%3DAbstract This study confirms that the use of artificial particles may be a suitable experimental model for understanding the possible interactions that may occur between contaminants and particulate matter. In addition, it was found that the most hydrophobic resin induced an increase in arsenic bioavailability, leading to the highest bioaccumulation to L. variegatus compared with animals that were exposed to water only. PMID: 21286699 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4470590 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4470590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4470593&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21279718%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bermudez GM, Pignata ML To evaluate the physiological response of Tillandsia capillaris Ruiz & Pav. f. capillaris, T. recurvata L., and T. tricholepis Baker to different air pollution sources, epiphyte samples were collected from a noncontaminated area in the province of Córdoba (Argentina) and transplanted to a control site as well as three areas categorized according to the presence of agricultural, urban, and industrial (metallurgical and metal-mechanical) emission sources. A foliar damage index (FDI) was calculated with the physiological parameters chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroperoxyconjugated dienes, sulfur (S) content, and dry weight-to-fresh weight ratio. In addition, electrical conductivity (E-cond), relative water content (RWC), dehyd... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4470593 Sun, 30 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4470593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4333436&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21221963%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mallin MA, McIver MR, Fulton M, Wirth E A study was performed in 2003 to 2004 to assess metal and organic contaminant concentrations at three areas in the lower Cape Fear River system, North Carolina, United States. Sites examined were Livingston Creek along the mainstem of the Cape Fear River near Riegelwood, Six Runs Creek in the Black River Basin, and Rockfish Creek in the Northeast Cape Fear River basin. The results of the investigation showed that levels of metals and organic pollutants in the sediments were lower than limits considered harmful to aquatic life. However, results of fish (adult bowfin) tissue analyses showed that concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), and now-banned polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and the pesticide diel... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4333436 Tue, 11 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4333436 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4333435&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21221964%26dopt%3DAbstract This study measured metal concentrations in sediment and fish obtained in the vicinity of two coal-combustion ash-lagoon outfalls on the East River (Nova Scotia) and Grand Lake (New Brunswick), Canada. Of the 34 metals analysed, this study demonstrated that sediment in the immediate vicinity of the ash lagoon discharge in New Brunswick had statistically significant greater concentrations of thallium, arsenic, and antimony than did the sediment obtained from background areas. Tissue arsenic concentrations were increased in fish obtained near the lagoon discharge in New Brunswick but not statistically greater than that of fish obtained from background areas. Neither sediment nor fish obtained near the ash-lagoon discharge in Nova Scotia had significantly greater concentrations of any of the ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4333435 Tue, 11 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4333435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4333433&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21222116%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lalonde BA, Ernst W, Julien G, Jackman P, Doe K, Schaefer R Comparative toxicity testing was performed on selected materials that may be used in aquatic construction projects. The tests were conducted on the following materials: (1) untreated wood species (hemlock [Tsuga ssp], Western red cedar (Thuja plicata), red oak [Quercus rubra], Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii], red pine [Pinus resinosa], and tamarack [Larix ssp]); (2) plastic wood; (3) Ecothermo wood hemlock stakes treated with preservatives (e.g., chromated copper arsenate [CCA], creosote, alkaline copper quaternary [ACQ], zinc naphthenate, copper naphthenate, and Lifetime Wood Treatment); (4) epoxy-coated steel; (5) hot-rolled steel; (6) zinc-coated steel; and (7) concrete. Those materials were used in acute letha... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4333433 Tue, 11 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4333433 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4333438&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21221961%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bacchetta C, Cazenave J, Parma MJ, Biancucci GF Median lethal concentration (LC(50)) and sublethal effects of the commercial endosulfan formulation Zebra Ciagro(®) on the fish Cichlasoma dimerus were studied. The 96-h LC(50) was estimated as 17.7 μg/L. In order to investigate sublethal effects, fish were exposed to 25% and 50% LC(1) (3.4 and 6.8 μg/L, respectively). Endosulfan (ED) significantly increased the hemoglobin concentration and white blood cell count after 96 h. Differential leukocytes count was also altered, due to an increase in the percentage of neutrophils in exposed fish. The hepatopancreatic tissue of fish under ED treatment showed a decrease in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and an increase in alkaline phosphatase. Lipid peroxida... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4333438 Sat, 08 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4333438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4333437&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21221962%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we measured concentrations BPA in indoor dust collected from two locations in the Eastern United States and evaluated the contribution of dust to total BPA exposures. BPA was found in 95% of the dust samples analyzed (n = 56) at concentrations ranging from <0.5 to 10,200 ng/g (mean 843; median 422). The median values for BPA intake by way of the ingestion of dust by adults and toddlers were calculated to be 0.35 and 5.63 ng/kg body weight/day. These estimated exposure doses of BPA through dust ingestion are of the same order of magnitude as the recently reported low concentrations that induced health effects in laboratory animal studies. The contribution of dust to total human BPA intake was estimated to be <1%, however, suggesting that dietary intake is the predom... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4333437 Sat, 08 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4333437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4333434&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21221965%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bulen BJ, Distel CA Although exposure to pesticides has been correlated with amphibian declines, the mechanism of their role remains enigmatic. Declines have been associated with sublethal exposure, but few outdoor studies have evaluated impacts of low pesticide concentrations. Understanding the effects of a range of pesticide concentrations on amphibians in outdoor mesocosms provides a framework for both direct and indirect effects of exposure. Indirect effects are challenging to glean from lab studies, which typically lack a food web. Our design tested direct and indirect effects of exposure to the insecticide carbaryl on the American toad (Bufo americanus) and the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) tadpole survival and growth. We evaluated the effects of five concentratio... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4333434 Sat, 08 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4333434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4333439&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21165613%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to assess oxidative stress and genotoxicity biomarkers in grey mullet Mugil cephalus from a site receiving discharges from industrial and harbor activities and a reference site in Saronikos Gulf, Greece. Cellular antioxidant defenses, i.e., antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, selenium [Se]-dependent glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase) and oxidative damage, i.e., lipid peroxidation (measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) were used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. The micronucleus test was used for evaluation of chromosome damage, and the frequency of cells with double nuclei was used as an indication of damage to cell divisions. Antioxidant enzyme activities were lower in fish from the polluted site compared with fish from the reference s... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4333439 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4333439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4250580&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21140142%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rovira J, Mari M, Schuhmacher M, Nadal M, Domingo JL From 2008 to 2009, we evaluated the environmental impact of a cement plant (Montcada i Reixac, Catalonia, Spain) that is located close to densely populated areas. The potential health risks for the population living in the neighborhood were also assessed. The levels of various heavy metals and the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were determined in soil, vegetation, and air samples collected at different directions and distances from the facility. Three 6-monthly consecutive campaigns were performed to establish temporal and seasonal trends. Multivariate statistical techniques, such as principal component analysis, were used. Human exposure to metals and PCDD/Fs, as well as the ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4250580 Wed, 08 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4250580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4250581&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21136249%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilson LR, Palmer PM, Belanger EE, Cayo MR, Durocher LA, Hwang SA, Fitzgerald EF Indoor air polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were measured in upstate New York as part of a nonoccupational exposure investigation. The adjacent study communities contain numerous sites of current and former PCB contamination, including two capacitor-manufacturing facilities. Indoor air PCB concentrations in the study area homes were not significantly different than in the comparison area homes. Total PCB concentrations in the study area homes ranged from 0.3 to 114.3 ng/m(3) (median 7.9). For the comparison area homes, concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 233.3 ng/m(3) (median 6.8). No correlations were found between PCB concentrations in indoor and outdoor air, with indoor concentrati... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4250581 Tue, 07 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4250581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4250583&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21127849%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu YJ, Fu XW, Yang H A new and efficient analytic methodology based on cloud point extraction (CPE) was developed for determination of pesticide residues of metsulfuron-methyl (MSM), chlorsulfuron (CS), and bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) in water, soil, and rice grain by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Multiple experimental conditions that affected CPE efficiency-including surfactant type and concentration, equilibration temperature and duration, ionic strength, and solution pH were identified. CPE conditions were optimized as follows: 1.5% Triton X-114 (w/v), 12% Na(2)SO(4) (w/v) solution (pH 2.0), and heat-assisted at 50°C for 15 min. The calibration curves for all analytes were linear, ranging from 0.05 to 4.0 mg L(-1), with the correlation coefficients >0.9... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4250583 Fri, 03 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4250583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4250582&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21127850%26dopt%3DAbstract This study determines the acute toxicity (LC(50)s and LC(10)s) of endosulfan sulfate to three inland Florida native fish species (mosquitofish [Gambusia affinis]; least killifish [Heterandria formosa]; and sailfin mollies [Poecilia latipinna]) as well as fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Ninety-six-h acute toxicity tests were conducted with each fish species under flow-through conditions. For all of the above-mentioned fish species, 96-h LC(50) estimates ranged from 2.1 to 3.5 μg/L endosulfan sulfate. The 96-h LC(10) estimates ranged from 0.8 to 2.1 μg/L endosulfan sulfate. Of all of the fish tested, the least killifish appeared to be the most sensitive to endosulfan sulfate exposure. The above-mentioned data were combined with previous acute toxicity data for endosulfan sulfate a... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4250582 Fri, 03 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4250582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4250584&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21120462%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ware LL, Petrie SA, Badzinski SS, Bailey RC One hypothesis for the decline of the North American greater (Aythya marila) and lesser (A. affinis) scaup population is that contaminant burdens acquired on wintering or staging areas impair reproduction or cause lethal or sublethal health effects. Recent studies have found increased selenium (Se) concentrations in scaup but have focused on the fall and spring staging periods. From January to March 2006 and December to March 2006 and 2007, we analyzed liver tissues collected from greater scaup wintering in western Lake Ontario for 16 trace elements. We also measured Se concentrations in greater scaup blood and Dreissenid mussel tissue. Se was the only trace element that occurred at increased concentrations (>10 μg/g liver dry w... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4250584 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4250584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4217638&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21110015%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Piazza YG, Pandolfi M, Lo Nostro FL Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can influence the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and possibly affect reproduction in vertebrates. We analyzed the effect of 30-day endosulfan (ES) exposure in sexually undifferentiated larvae of the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus. The number, area, mean cytoplasmic and nuclear diameter, and mean cytoplasmic optical density of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I, II, and III immunoreactive (ir-) neurons and β follicle-stimulating hormone (βFSH) ir-cells were measured. Animals exposed to the highest ES concentration (0.1 μg/l) showed a decrease in GnRH I nucleus/cytoplasm area ratio upon exposure. Nuclear area and mean nuclear diameter of βFSH ir-cells was higher in ES treated fish. βFSH nucleus/cyt... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4217638 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4217638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4217670&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21107831%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hillis DG, Fletcher J, Solomon KR, Sibley PK We applied a screening-level phytotoxicity assay to evaluate the effects of 10 antibiotics (at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10,000 μg/L) on germination and early plant growth using three plant species: lettuce (Lactuca sativa), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and carrot (Daucus carota). The range of phytotoxicity of the antibiotics was large, with EC(25)s ranging from 3.9 μg/L to >10,000 μg/L. Chlortetracycline, levofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole were the most phytotoxic antibiotics. D. carota was the most sensitive plant species, often by an order of magnitude or more, followed by L. sativa and then M. sativa. Plant germination was insensitive to the antibiotics, with no significant decreases up to the highest treatment con... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4217670 Wed, 24 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4217670 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4184888&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21082316%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the transformations of diclofenac (DCF), naproxen (NPX), and bisoprolol (BSP) were studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using inocula taken from activated and digested sludge processes, respectively. Whereas concentration decays were monitored by LC-tandem mass spectrometry, oxygen consumption and methane production were used for the evaluation of the performance of overall conditions. DCF was recalcitrant against both aerobic and anaerobic biotransformation. More than one third of the BSP disappeared under aerobic conditions, whereas only 14% was anaerobically biotransformed in 161 days. Under aerobic conditions, complete removal of NPX was evident within 14 days, but anaerobic transformation was also efficient. Formation of 6-O-desmethylnaproxen, a previously r... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4184888 Wed, 17 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4184888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4184887&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21082317%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this investigation was to assess the transfer of lead (Pb) along an experimental, four-level food chain: Tetraselmis suecica (phytoplankton) → Artemia franciscana (crustacean, brine shrimp) → Litopenaeus vannamei (crustacean, white shrimp) → Haemulon scudderi (fish, grunt). T. suecica was exposed to a sublethal dose of Pb in solution and then used as the base of a marine food chain. Significant differences in Pb concentrations were found between exposed organisms of the different trophic levels and the control. Particularly, Pb concentrations in fish of the simulated trophic chain were two-to three times higher in the exposed specimens than in the control. Levels of Pb in phytoplankton showed a substantial increase with respect to the solution (level I), with b... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4184887 Wed, 17 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4184887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165859&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21072629%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we determined concentrations of four cyclic siloxanes, namely, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D(4)), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D(5)), dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D(6)), and tetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane (D(7)) as well as 13 linear siloxanes (L(4) to L(16)), in sediments sampled from the Songhua River and in sewage sludge sampled from treatment plants that discharge wastewater into the Songhua River in northeastern China. Siloxanes were found in all of the sediment samples at total concentrations (sum of all cyclic and linear siloxanes) as high as 2050 ng/g dry weight (dw). The respective total concentration ranges for cyclic (D(4), D(5), D(6), and D(7)) and linear (L(4) to L(16)) siloxanes in sewage sludge were 602 to 2360 and 98 to 3310 ng/g dw. Cyclic siloxanes... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165859 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165858&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21072630%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Letts RE, Pereira TC, Bogo MR, Monserrat JM Bacteria communities living in mucus secretions of common carp Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) were exposed to the organic nanomaterial fullerene (C(60)) to evaluate its potential bactericidal effects. End points analyzed were viability, growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, and total antioxidant competence against peroxyl radicals. Viability was not affected (p > 0.05), whereas growth was arrested (p < 0.05) after 3 hours of exposure to the three concentration of C(60) assayed (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L). Levels of RO measured at different C(60) concentration showed that some colonies were reactive (significant dose-response relation, p < 0.05) to C(60), whereas others were not. The nonreactive colonies to C(60... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165858 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165861&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21069312%26dopt%3DAbstract This study illustrates the utility of a two-generation study design that may more fully reflect, and more accurately predict, population level effects of pesticide exposures to short-lived aquatic organisms. PMID: 21069312 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165861 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165860&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21069313%26dopt%3DAbstract This study has established that high overall removal of permethrin (approximately 90%) was achieved during wastewater treatment and that this was strongly dependent on the extent of biological degradation in secondary treatment, with more limited subsequent removal in tertiary treatment processes. Sources of permethrin in the catchment matched well with measured values in crude sewage and indicated that domestic use accounted for more than half of the load to the treatment works. However, removal may not be consistent enough to achieve the environmental quality standards now being derived in many countries even where tertiary treatment processes are applied. PMID: 21069313 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165860 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4152430&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21057782%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to assess the concentration of various toxic elements in three body fluids: blood, urine and sweat. Blood, urine, and sweat were collected from 20 individuals (10 healthy participants and 10 participants with various health problems) and analyzed for approximately 120 various compounds, including toxic elements. Toxic elements were found to differing degrees in each of blood, urine, and sweat. Serum levels for most metals and metalloids were comparable with those found in other studies in the scientific literature. Many toxic elements appeared to be preferentially excreted through sweat. Presumably stored in tissues, some toxic elements readily identified in the perspiration of some participants were not found in their serum. Induced sweating appears to be a potenti... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4152430 Sat, 06 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4152430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4152431&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21052987%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, toxicity thresholds for nine sediment-associated pesticides including abamectin, diazinon, dicofol, fenpropathrin, indoxacarb, methyl parathion, oxyfluorfen, propargite, and pyraclostrobin were established for two aquatic species, the midge Chironomus dilutus and the amphipod Hyalella azteca. For midges, the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of the pesticides ranged from 0.18 to 964 μg/g organic carbon (OC), with abamectin being the most toxic and propargite being the least toxic pesticide. A sublethal growth endpoint using average individual ash-free dry mass was also measured for the midges. The no-observable effect concentration values for growth ranged from 0.10 to 633 μg/g OC for the nine pesticides. For the amphipods, fenpropathrin was the most toxic, with an LC... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4152431 Fri, 05 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4152431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4139503&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21046371%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides further evidence that drinking-water sources have been contaminated by perchlorate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study on perchlorate assessment in drinking water and seawater in South Korea. PMID: 21046371 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4139503 Wed, 03 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4139503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4122893&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20978885%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents for the first time valuable results of lead (Pb) accumulation in zooplankton from a southwestern Atlantic temperate estuary, the Bahía Blanca estuary, one of the most important and industrialized coastal environments of Argentina. It considers Pb concentrations in zooplankton organisms as well as in the dissolved and particulate phases. These fractions were analyzed on account of their important role in the biogeochemical cycles of trace elements in estuarine environments. In addition, the major physicochemical variables, i.e., nutrients, and pigment concentrations, and zooplankton composition and abundance, were also considered to understand Pb levels in the above-mentioned fractions. Samplings were performed from March to December 2005 with a bimonthly frequency and ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4122893 Wed, 27 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4122893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4088238&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20957352%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the effects of cadmium (Cd) and phenanthrene on the activity and diversity of fungi associated with decomposing leaf litter in streams. Leaves of Alnus glutinosa were immersed for 10 days in an unpolluted low-order stream in northwest Portugal to allow microbial colonization. Leaves were then exposed in microcosms for 14 days to Cd (0.06-4.5 mg L(-1)) and phenanthrene (0.2 mg L(-1)) either alone or in mixture. A total of 19 aquatic hyphomycete species were found sporulating on leaves during the whole study. The dominant species was Articulospora tetracladia, followed by Alatospora pulchella, Clavatospora longibrachiata, and Tetrachaetum elegans. Exposure to Cd and phenanthrene decreased the contribution of A. tetracladia to the total conidial production, whereas it increa... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4088238 Mon, 18 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4088238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4088237&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20957353%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bartolotta SA, Pacskowski MG, Hick A, Carballo MA Drinking arsenic (As)-laden water for a long time affects a population's health and leads to chronic hydroarsenicism, which is associated with an increased incidence of different types of cancer. To determine the potential genotoxic risk associated with different degrees of environmental exposure to inorganic As by way of drinking water, micronuclei (MN) frequency in exfoliated buccal cells was evaluated in Argentina among rural populations of Santiago del Estero and urban populations of Buenos Aires. The exposed group in Santiago del Estero (La Firmeza and Santos Lugares localities) showed a significant increase in MN frequency in epithelial cells compared with controls (Monte Quemado and Urutau localities) (p = 0.0005). Wit... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4088237 Mon, 18 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4088237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4088239&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20953950%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mehler WT, Li H, Pang J, Sun B, Lydy MJ, You J Few studies have been conducted examining the distribution of different-sized particles in sediment and its potential impact on bioavailability of sediment-associated contaminants. In the current study, three sediments composed of different particle sizes, i.e., fine (0-180 μm), combined (0-500 μm), and coarse (180-500 μm), were used to evaluate the bioaccumulation potential and toxicokinetic rates of four hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) including two polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB-101 and PCB-118), a metabolite of an organochlorine insecticide (p,p'-DDE), and a polybrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47) to the benthic oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. Two chemical approaches, Tenax extraction and matrix-solid phase mi... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4088239 Sat, 16 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4088239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4088240&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20953782%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang L, Huang Y, Dong L, Shi S, Zhou L, Zhang T, Mi F, Zeng L, Shao D Air samples collected monthly on the roof of a building in Beijing were analyzed for the levels, seasonal patterns, and potential sources of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). A high-volume air sampler with polyurethane foam and quartz fiber filters was used to collect monthly samples from November 2005 to April 2009. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and DDT isomers were the most abundant organochlorinated pesticides in the Beijing atmosphere. Higher OCP concentrations were generally found in summer, except for HCB. Coal combustion, waste incineration, and fuel combustion were assumed to be the potential HCB emission sources. Significant input of either of these OCPs during our study period was considered very unlike... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4088240 Fri, 15 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4088240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4076666&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20949352%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kříbek B, Mihaljevič M, Sracek O, Knésl I, Ettler V, Nyambe I The extent of arsenic (As) and metal accumulation in fronds of the As hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata (Chinese brake fern) and in leaves of Cyperus involucratus, which grow on the surface of an old flotation tailings pond in the Zambian Copperbelt province, was studied. The tailings consist of two types of material with distinct chemical composition: (1) reddish-brown tailings rich in As, iron (Fe), and other metals, and (2) grey-green tailings with a lower content of As, Fe, and other metals, apart from manganese (Mn). P. vittata accumulates from 2350 to 5018 μg g(-1) As (total dry weight [dw]) in its fronds regardless of different total and plant-available As concentrations in both types of tailings. Concen... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4076666 Thu, 14 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4076666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4042223&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20922521%26dopt%3DAbstract This article presents the results of research to develop herring embryo and larval bioassay protocols. Factors evaluated during protocol development included temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), light intensity, photoperiod, larval feeding regimes, use of brine and artificial sea salts, gonad sources, collection methods, and egg quality. PMID: 20922521 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4042223 Mon, 04 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4042223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4026339&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20878520%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rowe CL, Heyes A, Hilton J Selenium (Se) and vanadium (V) are contaminants commonly found in aquatic systems affected by wastes derived from fossil fuels. To examine their effects on a widely distributed species of amphibian, we exposed gray tree frogs (Hyla versicolor) to Se (as SeO(2)) or V (as NaVO(3)) in their diet from the early larval period to metamorphosis. Concentrations of Se in Se-enriched food were 1.0 (Se control), 7.5 (Se low), and 32.7 (Se high) μg/g dw. Concentrations of V in V-enriched food were 3.0 (V control), 132.1 (V low), and 485.7 (V high) μg/g dw. Although we observed bioaccumulation of both metals throughout the larval period, no effects on growth, survival, metabolic rate, or lipid content were observed. Se concentrations in tissues did not vary... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4026339 Tue, 28 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4026339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4026340&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20878153%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jayatilaka NK, Angela Montesano M, Whitehead RD, Schloth SJ, Needham LL, Barr DB Acephate, methamidophos, o-methoate, and dimethoate are organophosphorus pesticides, and ethylenethiouria and propylenethiourea are two metabolites from the bisdithiocarbamate fungicide family. They are some of the most widely used pesticides and fungicides in agriculture both domestically and abroad. The existing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method for the measurement of these compounds in human urine was improved by using a 96-well plate format sample preparation; the use of HPLC-MS/MS was comparable with a concentration range of 0.125 to 50 ng/ml. Deuterium-labeled acephate, ethylenethiouria, and methamidophos were used as internal standards.... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4026340 Mon, 27 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4026340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4003551&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20865253%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goutner V, Becker PH, Liordos V, Tsachalidis EP Mercury (Hg) levels in white stork (Ciconia ciconia) feathers collected in the mid-1990s from five northeastern Mediterranean (Greece) areas varied, with mean ranges between 301 ng g(-1) dry weight (dw) (Pinios River) and 1911 ng g(-1) dw (Sperchios Delta). A significant increase of Hg levels in chick feathers with age (surrogated by bill size) was found in the Evros and Pinios River areas, a nonsignificant increase in the Amvrakikos Gulf and the Epirus Region, and a marginally significant decrease in the Sperchios Delta area. For combined data of 1993 and 1995, Hg concentrations did not differ significantly in relation to hatching order among broods but differed significantly in relation to brood size being higher in... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4003551 Thu, 23 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4003551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4003479&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20865254%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bond AL, Lavers JL Seabirds are convenient indicators of contamination of the marine environment because feathers can be sampled non-destructively, and a great deal is known about their ecology. Flesh-footed Shearwaters (Puffinus carneipes) are of conservation concern in Australia and New Zealand, partly because ingestion of marine debris may be reducing breeding success at their largest colony. Because marine plastics accumulate contaminants in the ocean environment, an assessment of metal and metalloid contaminants was initiated. We sampled feathers from Kauwahaia (n = 18) and Lady Alice Island, New Zealand (n = 30), Lord Howe Island (n = 24) and Western Australia (n = 33) during the 2008 austral summer, making this the most complete assessment of met... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4003479 Thu, 23 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4003479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3996507&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20862467%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Andral B, Galgani F, Tomasino C, Bouchoucha M, Blottiere C, Scarpato A, Benedicto J, Deudero S, Calvo M, Cento A, Benbrahim S, Boulahdid M, Sammari C The MYTILOS project aimed at drawing up a preliminary report on coastal chemical contamination at the scale of the Western Mediterranean (continental coasts of the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and Maghreb) based on a transplanted mussels methodology validated along the French coasts since 1996 by Ifremer and the Rhône Méditerranée & Corsica water board. MYTILOS is backed up by the INTERREG III B/MEDOC programme, the PNUE/PAM-MEDPOL and Rhône Méditerranée & Corsica water board. Three cruises (2004, 2005, 2006) have taken place to assess the first state of chemical contamination along the We... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3996507 Wed, 22 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3996507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3996511&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20859621%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Balabanova B, Stafilov T, Sajn R, Bačeva K The main aim of this article was to assess the atmospheric pollution with heavy metals due to copper mining Bučim near RadoviÅ¡, the Republic of Macedonia. The open pit and mine waste and flotation tailings are continually exposed to open air, which leads to winds carrying the fine particles into the atmosphere. Samples of attic dust were examined as historical archives of mine emissions, with the aim of elucidating the pathways of pollution. Dust was collected from the attics of 29 houses, built between 1920 and 1970. Nineteen elements (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn) were analyzed by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. The obtained values of the investi... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3996511 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3996511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3996510&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20859622%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zheng Q, Meng Q, Wei YY, Yang ZM Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous gaseous molecule in plants and animals. Recent studies have shown that it is one of the most essential cellular components regulating many aspects of plant growth and development. However, whether CO regulates the green algae adaptive response to heavy metal toxicity is unknown. The present study investigated the role of CO in regulating Cu-induced oxidative stress in eukaryotic algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Cells pretreated with 5 μM CO for 30 min and followed by exposure to 5 μM Cu(II) for 4 days showed attenuated toxicity. The CO-improved growth of algae was correlated with reduced lipid peroxidation and increased chlorophyll accumulation. The beneficial effect of CO was confirmed by... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3996510 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3996510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3996509&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20859623%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a microbial biofilm from volcanic rocks was characterized on the basis of its bacterial composition and ability to mobilize arsenic under circumneutral pH. Biofilm microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Strains were isolated from biofilms and identified by 16S rDNA sequences analysis. Arsenic oxidation and reduction capacity was assayed with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to gaseous formation performing the detection by atomic absortion in a quartz bucket (HPLC/HG/QAAS), and polymerase chain reaction was used to detect aox and ars genes. Bacterial communities associated with volcanic rocks were studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The SEM-EDS studies showed the presence of ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3996509 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3996509