MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology' source. Sat, 20 Mar 2010 15:52:33 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3352011&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20217060%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rial D, Beiras R, Vázquez JA, Murado MA The application of embryo-larval bioassay with the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis at 48 hours, and with neonates of the mysid Siriella armata at 96 hours, was used to evaluate the acute toxicities of the following preparations: (1) the shoreline cleaning agent CytoSol; (2) the water-accommodated fraction of CytoSol plus a light crude oil; and (3) the runoff from a pilot-scale treatment with CytoSol of a rocky coastal substrate impregnated with residues from the Prestige oil spill (which occurred on November 19, 2002). The mussel was the most sensitive organism to CytoSol and runoff effects (EC(50) = 8.0 muL/L and 64.3 mL/L, respectively), and the mysid was the least sensitive to the ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3352011 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3352011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3352010&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20217061%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oliveira M, Ahmad I, Maria VL, Pacheco M, Santos MA The present work aimed to investigate golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) liver protection versus damage responses at a polluted coastal lagoon, Ria de Aveiro (Portugal), as a tool to evaluate the human impacts on environmental health at five critical sites in Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) in comparison to a reference site (Torreira; TOR). Protection was evaluated by measuring non-enzymatic [total glutathione (GSHt) and non-protein thiols (NPT)] and enzymatic [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR)] antioxidant defenses. Damage was assessed as DNA integrity loss and lipid peroxidation (LPO). No significant differences were found between sites in terms of non-enzym... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3352010 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3352010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3352009&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20217062%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pereira AA, van Hattum B, de Boer J, van Bodegom PM, Rezende CE, Salomons W Trace elements (Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As) and stable isotope ratios (delta(13)C and delta(15)N) were analyzed in sediments, invertebrates, and fishes from a tropical coastal lagoon influenced by iron ore mining and processing activities to assess the differences in trace element accumulation patterns among species and to investigate relations with trophic levels of the organisms involved. Overall significant negative relations between trophic level (given by (15)N) and trace element concentrations in gastropods and crustaceans showed differences in internal controls of trace element accumulation among the species of different trophic positions, leading to trace element dilution. G... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3352009 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3352009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3352013&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20213194%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dixit V, Tewari J, Obendorf SK Antifungal properties were introduced in nonwoven regenerated cellulose (RC) nanofibrous membrane using Quillaja saponin. To generate cellulose membranes, deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous membranes was performed using 0.05 M NaOH and ethanol for membranes both loaded and unloaded with Quillaja saponin. Chemical and physical properties of nonwoven CA and RC nanofibrous membrane were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile properties. Our results showed that saponin doping did not affect the morphology of the resulting fibers and that the membrane structure was maintained during deacetylation.... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3352013 Sat, 06 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3352013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3352012&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20213195%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the tolerance of four native tree species, four native grass species, and lettuce to copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) was investigated in a root-elongation study using Petri dishes. The results of these studies show a diverse range of responses to Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb amongst the tested plant species. Toxicity among metals decreased in the following order: Cd ~ Cu > Pb > Zn. Metal concentrations resulting in a 50% reduction in growth (EC(50)) varied considerably, ranging from (muM) 30 (Dichanthium sericeum) to >2000 (Acacia spp.) for Cu; from 260 (Lactuca sativa) to 2000 (Acacia spp.) for Zn; from 27 (L. sativa) to 940 (Acacia holosericea) for Cd; and from 180 (L. sativa) to >1000 (Acacia spp.) for Pb. Sensitive native plant species identified in... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3352012 Sat, 06 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3352012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3339873&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20204343%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu J, Luo XJ, Yu LH, He MJ, Chen SJ, Mai BX Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and their derivatives, hydroxylated (OH) and methoxylated (MeO) PBDEs and methylsulfonylated (MeSO(2)) PCBs, were measured in sera of eight bird species collected from an e-waste recycling region in South China. Concentrations of summation operatorPCBs, ranging from 38 to 1700 ng/g lipid weight (lw), were one to two orders of magnitude higher than concentrations of summation operatorPBDEs (0.64-580 ng/g lw). The significantly positive relationship between PCB and PBDE concentrations suggested a similar pathway of exposure to these compounds. Compared with muscle in birds, serum might prefer to accumulate and/or retain less brominated/chlorinated congeners. 3-O... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3339873 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3339873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3339872&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20204344%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilson LK, Harris ML, Trudeau S, Ikonomou MG, Elliott JE The surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) is a little-studied species of North American sea duck. Estimates suggest it has experienced a precipitous decline in breeding numbers over the latter half of the past century. To investigate the potential role of contaminant uptake and toxicity in the population decline, this study undertook to measure blood chemistry, porphyrin concentrations, EROD, and organic contaminants in mature surf scoters wintering in the Strait of Georgia, BC, Canada. Hepatic organochlorine pesticide, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, polychlorinated dibenzofuran, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), polybrominated diphenyl ether, and nonylphenol concentrations were relatively low; for example, SigmaTEQs (t... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3339872 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3339872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3307762&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20174789%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Soudek P, Katrušáková A, Sedláček L, Petrová S, Kočí V, Maršík P, Griga M, Vaněk T The effect of toxic metals on seed germination was studied in 23 cultivars of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Toxicity of cadmium, cobalt, copper, zinc, nickel, lead, chromium, and arsenic at five different concentrations (0.01-1 mM) was tested by standard ecotoxicity test. Root length was measured after 72 h of incubation. Elongation inhibition, EC(50) value, slope, and NOEC values were calculated. Results were evaluated by principal component analysis, a multidimensional statistical method. The results showed that heavy-metal toxicity decreased in the following order: As(3+) >/= As(5+) > Cu(2+) > Cd(2+) > Co(2+) > Cr(6+)... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3307762 Sat, 20 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3307762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284270&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20162260%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, water samples (n = 300) collected from 15 locations in 13 provinces and municipalities were analyzed for the presence of perchlorate. In addition, other inorganic anions that commonly occur in water-iodide, bromide, and nitrate-and the disinfection byproducts, bromate, chlorate, and chlorite were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography interfaced with tandem mass spectrometry. Perchlorate was detected in 86% of the samples analyzed, at concentrations ranging from <0.02 to 54.4 mug l(-1) (mean +/- SD 2.20 +/- 6.39 mug l(-1); median 0.62 mug l(-1)). Mean concentrations of perchlorate in tap water, groundwater, surface waters, and bottled water were 2.46, 3.04, 2.82, and 0.22 mug l(-1), respectively. Significant positive correlations were found between the conce... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284270 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284269&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20162261%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Escobedo-Fregoso C, Mendez-Rodriguez LC, Monsalvo-Spencer P, Llera-Herrera RA, Zenteno-Savin T, Acosta-Vargas B The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of metallothionein (MT) concentrations in tissues of the clam Megapitaria squalida as biomarkers of environmental cadmium (Cd) pollution from phosphorite enrichments in the marine environment, which resulted from mining activities in La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Cd and MT were quantified in gills, digestive gland, and kidney of clams exposed to 0.2 or 0.5 mg Cd l(-1) for 10, 20, or 30 days. In addition, clams from four strategically selected natural sites of La Paz Bay were collected for analysis. In tissues of bioassayed and untreated clams, the gradient of Cd concentrations was digestive gland >> gills... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284269 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284268&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20162262%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nakayama SM, Ikenaka Y, Muzandu K, Choongo K, Oroszlany B, Teraoka H, Mizuno N, Ishizuka M We measured the level of heavy metal accumulation in lake sediments, herbivorous (Oreochromis niloticus) and carnivorous (Serranochromis thumbergi) fish, and crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) from Lake Itezhi-tezhi (ITT) and Lake Kariba. We used atomic absorption spectrophotometry to quantify the levels of seven heavy metals (Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni). The sediment and the herbivorous fish O. niloticus accumulated a very high concentration of Cu in Lake ITT, most likely due to the discharge of Cu waste from a mining area 450 km upstream. The aquatic species we sampled in Lake Kariba had higher concentrations of Cr, Ni, and Pb relative to those in Lake ITT. This is most likely due t... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284268 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284267&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20162263%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated trace metals in water, sediment, and various organs of the mature eel Anguilla marmorata in the Ba River, Vietnam. The metal concentrations in water and sediment did not exceed the Vietnam water criteria and sediment background concentration, except for Mn and Pb in sediment. The results of metal analysis in eel specimens indicated that the liver and kidney were the dominant organs for almost all trace metals, whereas muscle tended to accumulate high levels of Hg and approximately 87.4-100% of Hg was methylmercury. A strong positive correlation between mercury levels in muscle and age were found, but there was no correlation between mercury and body size. Interestingly, a high concentration of Zn was found in the gonad and liver; this indicated that high levels of Z... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284267 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284266&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20162264%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, pesticide residues were found in soil and water samples in the farming areas of Benguet. PMID: 20162264 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284266 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284265&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20162265%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to assess organic contamination in one of these small coastal rivers (Lez River) and associated coastal sediments. Levels of alkylphenols (APs), polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in sediments of the Lez River and two coastal lagoons impacted by wastewater discharges. In parallel, sediment surrounding a recently built submarine outfall that discharges treated wastewater, from an area encompassing some 450,000 inhabitants, into the sea was monitored a year after the beginning of emission via the outfall. Finally, these sediments were characterized by screening estrogenic, PAH-like and dioxin-like activities using in vitro bioassays. Both chemical analyses and bioassays revealed that wastewater inputs were a sour... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284265 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284264&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20162266%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: García-Muñoz E, Guerrero F, Parra G Intraspecific and interspecific variations have been observed across many taxa with respect to resistance to natural environmental stressors. It has already been well documented that amphibians are sensitive to habitat degradation and are regarded as bioindicators of aquatic and agricultural ecosystems. In southern Spain, different toxic substances, including copper sulphate, which is used to control Cycloconium oleaginum (Fungi, Ascomycota, Venturiaceae) during spring and autumn, are used in intensive olive tree agriculture. In this context, many wetlands are affected by a diffuse pollution process. Thus, toxicological studies using different species living in wetlands surrounded by agricultural activity are needed to understand t... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284264 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284263&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20162267%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marsh KE, Paterson G, Foran CM, Bennett ER Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a valuable model organism in reproductive and developmental toxicity testing. The purpose of this experiment is to assess the response of medaka to aquatic estrogen exposure over the course of 1 year. Each week, three pairs of adult male medaka were exposed separately for 4 days (100% static renewal daily) to 17beta-estradiol at a nominal level of 25 mug/l, with a fourth pair of fish exposed separately to an ethanol control. Vitellogenin (VTG) induction was observed each week, with hepatic and plasma VTG levels significantly higher (P < 0.001) than reported for ethanol control specimens. A significant (P < 0.001) increasing trend was observed for plasma VTG results over the duration of the st... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284263 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284263 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3267585&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20148244%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rajkovic V, Matavulj M, Johansson O The effects of single and combined treatments of the endocrine-disrupting compound atrazine and the power-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) were investigated on cutaneous mast cells in juvenile/peripubertal male Wistar rats. Animals were divided into six groups: (1) 4 h/day exposure to EMFs (50 Hz), (2) 20 mg/kg of body weight (bw) of atrazine, (3) 200 mg/kg bw of atrazine, (4) EMFs with 20 mg/kg bw of atrazine, (5) EMFs with 200 mg/kg bw of atrazine, and (6) control. Both the atrazine and the combined treatments, but not the single EMF exposure, increased the number of degranulated mast cells. Statistically significant differences were demonstrated between the control and both of the combined treatments (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3267585 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3267585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3267584&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20148245%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lemos MF, van Gestel CA, Soares AM Studies of the effects of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) on invertebrates are still largely underrepresented. This work aims to fill this gap by assessing the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and vinclozolin (Vz) on the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber (common rough woodlouse). Male adult and sexually undifferentiated juvenile woodlice were exposed to the toxicants. Effects on molting regime and growth were investigated independently for males and female woodlice after sexual differentiation. Both chemicals elicited developmental toxicity to P. scaber by causing overall decreased growth. Nevertheless, BPA induced molting, whereas Vz delayed it. Although the LC(50) values for juvenile and adult survival were fairly similar, juvenile wood... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3267584 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3267584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3260040&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20143053%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bartolomé L, Navarro P, Raposo JC, Arana G, Zuloaga O, Etxebarria N, Soto M From February 2004 to April 2006, the concentrations of more than 10 metals in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were measured in 10 stations from Galicia to the Basque Country in 8 different times of sampling. The mean highest concentrations are found for Zn [226.8 mug/g, dry weight (d.w.)] followed by Mn, As, Cu, and Co (between 10 and 25 mug/g d.w.). Lower mean concentrations are found for Se, Cr, Pb, V, and Ni (between 2 and 8 mug/g d.w.) and the lowest are for Cd, Sn, Hg, and Sb (between 0.05 and 1 mug/g d.w.). Among the statistical treatments used, the factor analysis showed a clustering of the mussels according to the geographical location. In addition, the temporal trend of the metal con... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3260040 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3260040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248755&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20135309%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bazar MA, Quinn MJ, Mozzachio K, Bleiler JA, Archer CR, Phillips CT, Johnson MS The use of lead in military and civilian small arms projectiles is widely acknowledged to have resulted in high soil lead concentrations at many small arms ranges. These ranges are often adjacent to wildlife habitat or have become habitat when no longer used. To assess the potential toxicity of lead to terrestrial amphibians in contaminated areas, we exposed 100 red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) to either a control soil or one of four soil treatments amended with lead acetate for 28 days. Analytical mean soil concentrations were 14 (control), 553, 1700, 4700, and 9167 mg Pb/kg soil dry weight. An additional 60 salamanders were also exposed for 28 days to one of six field-collected soil sa... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248755 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244300&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20130850%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Allinson M, Shiraishi F, Salzman SA, Allinson G The project was conducted between May 2006 and September 2007, and involved the collection of effluent samples from 45 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The 45 WWTPs included 16 lagoon-based plants and 29 with activated sludge-based processes. Permission was obtained from all the relevant water authorities to collect samples of final effluent at point of discharge to the environment, whether that was to a creek, a river, the ocean, or the land. Samples were collected on two occasions, namely, in August 2006 (winter) and late February-early March 2007 (summer), and subjected to a number of biological and chemical analyses, including toxicity tests, measurement of hormonal (estrogenic) activity using yeast-based bioassays, and m... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244300 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244299&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20130851%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, bioaccumulation tests were performed with artificial soil spiked at low levels with cadmium or zinc to determine uptake and elimination kinetics of both metals by the compost worm Eisenia andrei. The metal-amended soils were acclimated for 21 days prior to the test, after which worms were individually incubated in the soils. The uptake phase comprised 0-21 days, after which the test organisms were transferred into clean soil and the elimination phase continued for an additional 21 days. Subsamples of soil and earthworms (whole body) were collected from independent replicates throughout the uptake phase and elimination phase and analyzed for total metal concentrations. Uptake of Cd in E. andrei increased linearly with time and did not reach steady state within the testing per... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244299 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244302&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20127481%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sardo AM, Soares AM Contaminants, such as pesticides, can cause direct toxic effects when released into aquatic environments. Suitably sensitive species can help us understand and predict the impacts of such pollutants. Automated sediment toxicity testing and biomonitoring has grown rapidly, and biomonitoring instruments have proven appropriate for studying the effects of pollutants. A new approach in online biomonitoring, using the multispecies freshwater biomonitor was developed in the present study, using whole-sediment toxicity tests and behavioural responses of the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. Endpoints, such as mortality and growth, were used to study the effects of the pesticide imidacloprid and to achieve a gradient of responses; exposures to contamin... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244302 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244301&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20127482%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hogan AC, van Dam RA, Houston MA, Harford AJ, Nou S The discharge of catchment-management water from the Ranger uranium (U) mine into Magela Creek upstream of the Ramsar-listed Magela Floodplain in Kakadu National Park is an important part of the mine's water-management system. Because U is one of the primary toxicants associated with this water, a receiving-water trigger value (TV), based on chronic toxicity data from five local native species, was derived for U. To strengthen the data set underpinning the derivation of the TV, the chronic toxicity of U to two additional tropical freshwater species, duckweed Lemna aequinoctialis (96-hour growth rate), and pulmonate gastropod, Amerianna cumingi (96-hour reproduction), was determined. The fate of U within the test systems was a... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244301 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3223777&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20112104%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Salbego J, Pretto A, Gioda CR, de Menezes CC, Lazzari R, Radünz Neto J, Baldisserotto B, Loro VL The teleost fish Leporinus obtusidens (piava) was exposed to different concentrations of Roundup, a commercial herbicide formulation containing glyphosate (0, 1, or 5 mg L(-1)), for 90 days. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was verified in brain and muscle. Hepatic and muscular metabolic parameters as well as some hematological parameters were determined. The results showed that brain AChE activity was significantly decreased in fish exposed to 5 mg L(-1) Roundup, whereas muscular AChE activity was not altered. Both Roundup concentrations significantly decreased liver glycogen without altering the muscle glycogen content. Hepatic glucose levels were reduced only in fish ex... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3223777 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3223777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3223776&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20112105%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the response of three Australian native grass species and two tree species to Pb in nutrient solution culture was investigated. Plants were exposed to average Pb concentrations ranging from 0.020 to 15.2 muM. The plant species included Acacia decurrens, Austrodanthonia richardsonii, Bothriochloa macra, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Dichanthium sericeum. Few foliar symptoms were evident in any plant species, although some discolouration in young leaves of E. camaldulensis was evident from 1 muM, and B. macra showed pronounced reddening at the highest treatments. The most tolerant plant species studied based on solution EC(50, roots) (muM) results was B. macra (7.0 +/- 0.2), followed by A. decurrens (3.9 +/- 0.2), D. sericeum (2.9 +/- 0.3), E. camaldulensis (1.1 +/- 0.3), and ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3223776 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3223776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3223778&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107982%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ratola N, Amigo JM, Alves A Pine needle samples from two pine species (Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus pinea L.) were collected at 29 sites scattered throughout Portugal, in order to biomonitor the levels and trends of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The values obtained for the sum of all PAHs ranged from 76 to 1944 ng/g [dry weight (dw)]. Despite the apparent matrix similarities between both pine species, P. pinaster needles revealed higher mean entrapment levels than P. pinea (748 and 399 ng/g (dw) per site, respectively). The urban and industrial sites have the highest average of PAH incidence [for P. pinea, 465 and 433 ng/g (dw) per site, respectively, and for P. pinaster, 1147 and 915 ng/g (dw)], followed by the rural sites [233 ng/g and 711 ng/g (dw) per site, ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3223778 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3223778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3209603&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20101399%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arnold WR, Diamond RL, Smith DS This paper presents data from original research for use in the development of a marine biotic ligand model and, ultimately, copper criteria for the protection of estuarine and marine organisms and their uses. Ten 48-h static acute (unfed) copper toxicity tests using the euryhaline rotifer Brachionus plicatilis ("L" strain) were performed to assess the effects of salinity, pH, and dissolved organic matter (measured as dissolved organic carbon; DOC) on median lethal dissolved copper concentrations (LC50). Reconstituted and natural saltwater samples were tested at seven salinities (6, 11, 13, 15, 20, 24, and 29 g/L), over a pH range of 6.8-8.6 and a range of dissolved organic carbon of <0.5-4.1 mg C/L. Water chemistry analyses (alkalinity, calci... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3209603 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3209603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3209602&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20101400%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bartolomé L, Etxebarria N, Martínez-Arkarazo I, Raposo JC, Usobiaga A, Zuloaga O, Raingeard D, Cajaraville MP Mussels are used as bioindicators of chemical pollution in coastal and estuarine waters. We measured the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phthalate esters (PEs), butyltins, and metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) in mussel tissues collected from the lower Bilbao estuary (Arriluze, north of Spain) every 2 months from November 2002 to March 2004. The concentration (mug g(-1) dry weight) of PAHs, PCBs, and PEs ranged from 5.1 to 18.3, from 0.04 to 0.2, and from 1.5 to 27.6, respectively. Temporal pattern variations, including maximum and minimum values, were determined for metals and BTs ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3209602 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3209602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3209601&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20101401%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kiser T, Hansen J, Kennedy B Metals contamination from mining activities is a persistent problem affecting aquatic ecosystems throughout mining districts in the western USA. The Gold Creek drainage in northern Idaho has a history of mining within its headwaters and contains elevated sediment concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. To determine system-wide impacts of increased metals, we measured concentrations of metals in water, sediment, and benthic macroinvertebrate tissues and related them to whole-body fish tissues and histopathological alterations in native salmonids. Water concentrations were higher than those in reference areas, but were below water quality criteria for protection of aquatic biota for most of the study area. Sediment and benthic macroinvertebrate tis... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3209601 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3209601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3209591&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20101402%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Soto-Jiménez MF, Amezcua F, González-Ledesma R Seventeen sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus; 166-246 cm long) and 13 striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax; 159-254 cm long) specimens from the southern Gulf of California were analyzed for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb concentrations. More than 20% of the As and Cd levels exceeded the guideline levels of the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the European Union. About 65-90% of the specimens exceeded the limit value for Hg. Pb levels in billfish were significantly lower than guideline values. The intakes of As and Cd through billfish consumption by the population represented 20-40% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) values as recommended by the WHO. Levels of Hg exceeded the PTWI... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3209591 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3209591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3209608&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20098983%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ternjej I, Mihaljević Z, Stanković I, Kerovec M, Sipos L, Zelježić D, Kopjar N To estimate the impacts of an Al-contaminated aquatic environment on DNA integrity in the blood cells of eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki Girard 1859 inhabiting Lake Njivice (Island of Krk, Croatia), an evaluation using the alkaline comet assay was carried out. Genome integrity was studied in parallel with the same fish species inhabiting the nearby, unpolluted Lake Ponikve. The amount of DNA damage in cells was estimated from three different parameters: comet tail length as the extent of genetic material migration, tail intensity (% DNA in the comet tail) and tail moment. The results indicate the loss of genome integrity in blood cells of mosquitofish inhabiting Lake ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3209608 Sat, 23 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3209608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3209607&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20098984%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shala L, Foster GD Pharmaceuticals and domestic-use chemicals (PDCs) are classes of emerging chemical contaminants thought to enter the aquatic environment primarily through wastewater treatment plant (WTP) discharges. The intent of this study was to quantify loadings of PDCs in an urban watershed. The watershed has two major branches but with wastewater discharge occurring in only one of the two major branches. Surface water from the Anacostia River (Washington, DC) was collected in base-flow and storm-flow regimes. Surface water was filtered to separate water and particles, and the PDCs were extracted from water with Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction cartridges and extracted from sediments using microwave-assisted extraction. The PDCs in the extracts were quantified using gas... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3209607 Sat, 23 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3209607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3200806&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20094883%26dopt%3DAbstract We present the relative risks of a variety of exposure scenarios and recovery potentials from damage, using herbicides with different modes of action. Toxicity was assessed on the basis of both EC50 and relative growth rate (RGR) compared with untreated controls in exposure and recovery. The EC50 of atrazine was found to be 89 ppb, and its phytostatic concentrations were 1600 and 800 ppb for xposure periods of 14 and 28 days, respectively, and no phytocidal effects were observed up to 3200 ppb for a 28-day exposure. The RGR in recovery was not affected by the RGR in exposure, and regrowth was possible even after complete inhibition of growth for 28 days at the highest concentration tested. Alachlor, with an EC50 of 31 ppb, was phytostatic at 400 ppb for a 14-day exposure and phytocidal at ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3200806 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3200806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3186078&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20082069%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Domínguez C, Sarkar SK, Bhattacharya A, Chatterjee M, Bhattacharya BD, Jover E, Albaigés J, Bayona JM, Alam MA, Satpathy KK The distribution and potential sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment cores (<63 mum particle size) of the Sundarban mangrove wetland, northeastern coast of Bay of Bengal (India), were investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs ( summation operator(16)PAHs) ranged from 132 to 2938 ng/g, with a mean of 634 ng/g, and the sum of 10 out of 16 priority PAHs ( summation operator(10)PAH) varied from 123 to 2441 ng/g, with a mean of 555 ng/g, and the 5 carcinogenic PAHs (benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, and dibenz[a,... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3186078 Sat, 16 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3186078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3168295&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20069420%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang Y, Song J, Yuan H, Xu Y, He Z Both in-field chemical investigation and in the laboratory toxic tests were carried out to systematically understand the pollution status of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in Bohai Bay. Samples collected from surface seawater were determined to describe the distributions of Cd and Zn in Bohai Bay. The average values in our study of Cd and Zn were 0.15 mug/L and 19.68 mug/L, respectively. Both of them were lower than the first class limit of seawater quality standard in China. In the laboratory, antioxidant enzymes [SOD (Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD), CAT], lipid peroxidation (MDA), phase I and phase II enzymes (CYP4501A and GST) were investigated in the bivalves Chlamys farreri exposed to Cd and Zn at the concentration levels of Bohai Bay seawater, which w... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3168295 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3168295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3157727&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20058002%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents the bioavailability of four spiked compounds to Lumbriculus variegatus, in sediment samples from three river basins in Europe: the Elbe, the Llobregat, and the Scheldt. Twenty sediment samples differing in physical and chemical properties were spiked with chlorpyrifos, pyrene, tetrachloribiphenyl, and tetrabromo diphenyl ether. The main focus of this study was to compare the suitability of two chemical approaches-the rapidly desorbing fraction method based on the Tenax((R)) extraction and the freely dissolved chemical concentration method based on polyoxymethylene passive sampling-for predicting the bioavailability of sediment-associated hydrophobic compounds. It appears that accessible concentration estimated by Tenax extraction does not result in equal freely dissolve... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3157727 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3157727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3153863&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20054527%26dopt%3DAbstract This study involved degradability measurements of emerging perfluorinated surfactant substitutes. The stability of the substitutes of perfluorinated surfactants was tested by employing advanced oxidation processes, which were based on degradation by ultraviolet lamp, hydrogen peroxide, or both, followed by conventional tests, among them an automated method based on the manometric respirometry test (OECD 301 F; OxiTop), closed-bottle test (OECD 301 D), and standardized fixed-bed bioreactor on perfluorobutane sulfonate, fluorosurfactant Zonyl, two fluoraliphatic esters (NOVEC FC-4430 and NOVEC FC-4432), and 10-(trifluoromethoxy) decane 1 sulfonate. Most of these new surfactants are well established in the marketplace and have been used in several applications as alternatives to PFOS- and PFO... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3153863 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3153863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3153864&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20052462%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu Y, Hendershot WH The accumulation and toxicity of Cu to pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots were investigated. The root uptake of Cu and Ca varied with Ca and H activities. Calcium, H, and Cu competed for root binding with high pH and low Ca favoring more Cu uptake. Root elongation was highly sensitive to root Ca content and correlated better with root-bound Ca and Cu content than with merely dissolved Cu concentrations. The prediction of root elongation needs to include both the root-bond Cu and Ca as predictor variables whenever environmental conditions (low pH and low Ca) decrease Ca accumulation. A multielement uptake model was developed to describe Cu and Ca accumulation by treating the pea roots as a collection of three biotic ligands with known site densities ([Formula: see... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3153864 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3153864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3136974&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20044747%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang Y, Ye B, Wang D In the present study, the thermotaxis model was used to evaluate the effects of metal exposure at different concentrations on associative learning behavior in nematodes. The examined nematodes were cultured at 25 or 17 degrees C, and then shifted to 20 degrees C condition. Based on the ability of nematodes to trace the temperature of 20 degrees C, exposure to 10 muM of all examined metals and 2.5 muM Pb and Hg caused significant decrease of associative learning behavior at time intervals of 5 and 18 h; however, exposure to 2.5 muM Cu, Zn, and Ag did not influence associative learning behavior. Moreover, exposure to 2.5 and 10 muM of examined metals did not influence body bend and thermotaxis to cultivation temperature, whereas exposure to 50 muM of examin... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3136974 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3136974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3136973&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20044748%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hu W, Wang T, Khim JS, Luo W, Jiao W, Lu Y, Naile JE, Chen C, Zhang X, Giesy JP Residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and their environmental risks in surface sediments collected from marine and adjacent riverine/estuarine areas in the northern Bohai Sea, China, were investigated. Concentrations of SigmaHCH and SigmaDDT in sediments ranged from below detection (<LOD) to 1964.97 ng g(-1) dry wt (dw; mean, 92.51 ng g(-1) dw) and <LOD to 86.46 ng g(-1) dw (mean, 9.23 ng g(-1) dw), respectively. Concentrations of HCH and DDT were generally higher in marine than riverine sediments. Concentrations of HCH and DDT residues found in the present study were higher than those reported in marine and ri... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3136973 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3136973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3134259&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20041323%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hadad HR, Mufarrege MM, Pinciroli M, Di Luca GA, Maine MA Typha domingensis had become the dominant species after 2 years of operation of a wetland constructed for metallurgical effluent treatment. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate its ability to tolerate the effluent and to maintain the contaminant removal efficiency of the constructed wetland. Plant, sediment, and water at the inlet and outlet of the constructed wetland and in two natural wetlands were sampled. Metal concentration (Cr, Ni, and Zn) and total phosphorus were significantly higher in tissues of plants growing at the inlet in comparison with those from the outlet and natural wetlands. Even though the chlorophyll concentration was sensitive to effluent toxicity, biomass and plant height ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3134259 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3134259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3134258&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20041324%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leistra M, Boesten JJ Water flow and pesticide transport in the soil of fields with ridges and furrows may be more complex than in the soil of more level fields. Prior to crop emergence, the tracer bromide ion and the insecticide carbofuran were sprayed on the humic-sandy soil of a potato field with ridges and furrows. Rainfall was supplemented by sprinkler irrigation. The distribution of the substances in the soil profile of the ridges and furrows was measured on three dates in the potato growing season. Separate ridge and furrow systems were simulated by using the pesticide emission assessment at regional and local scales (PEARL) model for pesticide behavior in soil-plant systems. The substances travelled deeper in the furrow soil than in the ridge soil, because of runoff fr... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3134258 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3134258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3129449&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20039167%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Takamatsu T, Murata T, Koshikawa MK, Watanabe M The present study was performed to investigate the weathering and dissolution rates of Pb shot pellets differing in elemental composition (Pb, Sb, and As) exposed under various aqueous and soil conditions using five commercial shot pellet preparations. Upon immersion in distilled water, the dissolution rates of shot pellets, calculated from the difference in weight before versus after immersion, decreased with increasing Sb + As contents and the dominant precipitate was hydrocerussite. These subsidiary ingredients may be related to the difficulty of metallic Pb oxidation (transformation to PbO). Weight losses standardized by the amount of rainfall upon exposure to rainfall on open grassland and under canopies of Japanese cedar (C... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3129449 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3129449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3129445&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20039168%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the results from 10-day bulk sediment toxicity test methods using Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans were compared to results from 96-h Pimephales promelas and Ceriodaphnia dubia renewed acute toxicity tests conducted using elutriate samples prepared from the same sediments. The goal of the study was to determine if the results from the elutriate tests were comparable to those obtained from the bulk sediment tests. Of the 25 samples analyzed, 16 were found to be toxic to at least one of the species tested, in either elutriate or bulk sediment tests. The C. tentans 10-day bulk sediment test was the most sensitive, with 12 sediment samples exhibiting toxicity to this species, whereas the H. azteca bulk sediment test and C. dubia 96-h elutriate test were the least sensitive... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3129445 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3129445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3129453&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20037782%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rigonato J, Mantovani MS, Jordão BQ The comet assay was utilized to investigate the quality of water from seven locations along the Cambé Stream, in vivo (Corbicula fluminea hemolymph), in vitro (CHO-K1 cells), in situ, and in laboratory studies. The Cambé Stream basin (Londrina, PR, Brazil) is almost completely urbanized and receives different forms of industrial and domestic runoff. The data indicated the occurrence of DNA damage in cells examined in vivo and in vitro, shown by the significant increase in frequencies of cells with DNA damage after exposure to water from all seven locations used in the study. Our results strongly suggest the presence of genotoxic agent(s) in water at all of the sampled locations, demonstrated by elevated numbers of cells with D... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3129453 Sun, 27 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3129453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3129452&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20037783%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nácher-Mestre J, Serrano R, Benedito-Palos L, Navarro JC, López FJ, Kaushik S, Pérez-Sánchez J Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16 EPA list) were determined in oils, fish feed, and fillets from gilthead sea bream fed through a full production cycle (14 months) with feed containing different proportions of fish oil replaced by vegetable oils, followed by a finishing phase with fish oil. At the beginning of the study, fish presented 46.6 mug/kg fresh weight of the sum of PAHs in fillet and a benzo[a]pyrene equivalent value of 9.1 mug/kg fresh weight. These levels decreased after 330 days of rearing to values around 2 mug/kg. Although the concentration increased again during the finishing phase, they remained low. These low concentrations of PAHs could be the... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3129452 Sun, 27 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3129452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3129451&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20037784%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Farombi EO, Adedara IA, Ebokaiwe AP, Teberen R, Ehwerhemuepha T Nigerian Bonny light crude oil (BLCO) is commonly used by the local population in folklore medicine for the management of various forms of gastrointestinal problems and male reproductive capacity. The study investigated the effects of BLCO on the antioxidant systems of the testes and epidydimal sperm in rats by oral exposure to 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg BLCO for 7 days. In testes and sperm, BLCO treatment at all doses significantly (p < 0.05) decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, whereas it markedly increased glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities as well as increased glutathione (GSH), hydrogen per... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3129451 Sun, 27 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3129451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3129450&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20037785%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined geographical and interannual differences in concentrations of the metalloid arsenic (As) and the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). Significant differences in metal concentrations were a function of location, with North Brother Island having the highest As concentrations and Goose Island having the highest Cr and Pb concentrations in feathers collected in 2004. In 2005, feather samples indicated Hoffman Island had the highest Cr concentrations and North Brother Island had the highest Pb and Hg concentrations. Concentrations of As, Cd, and Hg decreased significantly from 2004 to 2005 on North Brother Island, Hg on Hoffman Island decreased from 2004 to 2005, while Cr on Hoffman Island increased from 2004 to 2005. Cd and Pb concentrations were h... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3129450 Sun, 27 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3129450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122429&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035325%26dopt%3DAbstract We report in this study that E2 can be effectively transformed and removed through reactions mediated by LiP and such reactions are significantly enhanced in the presence of VA. We systematically investigated LiP activity and enzymatic reaction kinetics in systems having VA absent or present. The results suggest that VA enhanced the transformation and removal of E2 by the combination of two effects: (i) mitigating LiP inactivation and (ii) modifying the enzyme catalytic kinetics. These findings provide insights into an important pathway that may govern the environmental transformation of E2 and other emerging endocrine-disrupting contaminants of similar nature in the environment, and provide a basis for potential development and optimization of enzyme-based processes for remediation and re... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122429 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122428&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035326%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Furuya H, Kayama F, Hasegawa M, Nagai M, Suzuki T To investigate the recent changes in background exposure to dioxin-related compounds, the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in the blood of individual residents in Japan were repeatedly examined. Twenty-six subjects (mean age, 52.7 +/- 1.8) from District A and 23 subjects (mean age, 56.1 +/- 1.2) from District B were longitudinally analyzed from 2002 to 2006. District A is a rural area in Osaka prefecture, and District B is an urban area in Saitama prefecture. For the longitudinal analysis of these concentrations, we used the generalized estimating equation (GEE). The PCDD + PCDF concentrations decreased signifi... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122428 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122430&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20033144%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we used reporter cell lines, which allow detecting the activity of estrogen (ERalpha), androgen (AR), pregnane X (PXR), glucocorticoid (GR), progesterone (PR), mineralocorticoid (MR), and aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptors, to characterise the endocrine-disrupting profile of the aqueous, suspended particulate matter, and sludge fractions from three Tunisian WWTPs. The aqueous fraction exhibited estrogenic and androgenic activities. Suspended particulate matter and sludge extracts showed estrogenic, aryl hydrocarbon and pregnane X receptor activities. No GR, MR, or PR (ant) agonistic activity was detected in the samples, suggesting that environmental compounds present in sewage might have a limited spectrum of activity. By performing competition experiments with recombinant ERa... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122430 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102632&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20020116%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: López-Doval JC, Ricart M, Guasch H, Romaní AM, Sabater S, Muñoz I Herbicides affect the structure and functional parameters of fluvial biofilm. Diuron is toxic to primary producers and disrupts endocrine activity. Here, we studied the interaction between this toxicant and several biological compartments in a simple food chain composed of herbivores (the snail Physella [Costatella] acuta) and biofilm. We used indoor experimental channels to which Diuron was added at a realistic concentration (2 mug/L). Bacterial survival and chlorophyll-a and photosynthetic activity were analyzed in the biofilm. We monitored biomass, mortality, reproduction, and motility as end points in the freshwater snail P. acuta. Our results showed that bacterial survival and photosynthetic ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102632 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102634&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20016886%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Riederer AM, Smith KD, Barr DB, Hayden SW, Hunter RE, Ryan PB We used a multiresidue, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-based method to measure seven pyrethroid, five organophosphorus (OP), and six organochlorine pesticides in soil collected from 11 Atlanta homes in 2006. Our objective was to collect preliminary data for a larger study of pesticide exposures among Atlanta children. The pyrethroid insecticides (cis- and trans-permethrin, bioallethrin) were the most commonly detected analytes, giving evidence of widespread outdoor use among our study homes. Our pyrethroid insecticide detection frequencies were higher than those reported in a recent study of Ohio and North Carolina homes; however, our maximum values were approximately half of those reported. We detected the ta... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102634 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102633&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20016887%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roussel H, Waterlot C, Pelfrêne A, Pruvot C, Mazzuca M, Douay F Ingestion of dust or soil particles could pose a potential health risk due to long-term metal trace element (MTE) exposure. Twenty-seven urban topsoil samples (kitchen garden and lawn) were collected and analyzed for Cd, Pb and Zn using the unified Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe (BARGE) method (UBM) test to estimate the human bioaccessibility of these elements. The quantities of Cd, Pb and Zn extracted from soils indicated, on average, 68, 62 and 47% bioaccessibility, respectively, in the gastric phase and 31, 32 and 23% bioaccessibility, respectively, in the gastro-intestinal phase. Significant positive correlations were observed between concentrations extracted with UBM and total MTE contents. St... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102633 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102636&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20012743%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johnson MS, McFarland CA, Bazar MA, Quinn MJ, Lafiandra EM, Talent LG The explosive, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine or high-melting explosive (HMX), has been found in soils in areas used for testing and training by the military. Many of these areas contain habitat for valued wildlife species. In an effort to better understand the environmental consequences from exposure, a reptilian (western fence lizard [Sceloporus occidentalis]), an amphibian (red-backed salamander [Plethodon cinereus]), and a mammalian species (rabbit [Oryctolagus cuniculus]) were exposed to HMX under controlled laboratory conditions. Lizards and rabbits were exposed to HMX by way of corn oil through gavage, and salamanders were exposed to HMX in soil. Two deaths occurred from acute oral e... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102636 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102635&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20012744%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rani R, Juwarkar A Adsorption of phorate, an organophosphorus pesticide, on a vertisol soil was studied. The resulting data were well described by Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Adsorption was fast and the equilibrium was established within 8 h, which is comparatively less than reported previously. The mechanism of interaction between phorate and clay and humic acid extracted from the same soil was studied by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR results suggested the formation of hydrogen bonds between carboxylic acid groups present in humic acid and appropriate electrophilic hydrogen atoms present in phorate. Also there is an indication of involvement of -P-O- group of phorate in the interaction with humic acid. However, the binding of phorate w... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102635 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102635 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102637&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20012432%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bakar C, Karaman HI, Baba A, Sengünalp F Widespread and intense zones of silicified, propylitic, and argillic alteration exist as outcrop around the Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey. Most of the springs in the study area surface out from these altered volcanic rocks. The concentrations of aluminum (Al) in these springs ranged from 13.17 to 15.70 ppm in this region. These high levels of Al were found to exceed the maximum allowable limits (0.2 ppm) depicted in national and international standards of drinking water quality. Therefore, the effect of high Al in water resources on human health was evaluated in this research. A total of 273 people aged above 18 years and living in the Kirazli region (whose water supply is from springs emerging from these alteration zones) and in the C... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102637 Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102639&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20012273%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Milićević D, Jurić V, Stefanović S, Baltić T, Janković S Two different analytical methods for the determination and confirmation of ochratoxin A (OTA) in blood serum, kidney, and liver of pigs have been compared. Sample cleanup was based on liquid-liquid phase extraction. The detection of OTA was accomplished with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined either with fluorescence detection (FLD) or electrospray ionization (ESI+) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The comparative method of evaluation was based on the investigation of 90 samples of blood serum, kidney, and liver per animal originating from different regions of Serbia. The analytical results are discussed in view of the respective method validation data and the corr... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102639 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102638&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20012274%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lourenço J, Castro BB, Machado R, Nunes B, Mendo S, Gonçalves F, Pereira R Carassius auratus were exposed for 96 h to different concentrations of uranyl nitrate (corresponding to 0, 100, 450, and 2,025 mug U L(-1)) and killed after different postexposure periods (0, 48, and 96 h) to assess uranium bioaccumulation, peroxisome proliferation (catalase [CAT]), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]), and DNA integrity in erythrocytes (comet assay). In addition, feeding behaviour was recorded as a general response to toxicant exposure. Results provided evidence of uranium bioaccumulation in muscle of C. auratus after exposure to the highest concentrations (450 and 2,025 mug U L(-1)). This tissue was able to depurate uranium to control levels 9... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102638 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3079994&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19997909%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, summer flounder (SF) and winter flounder (WF) were collected from the Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, USA) and were measured for total Hg burden in whole-body or dorsal muscle tissue. Interspecies differences in Hg contamination were analyzed relative to flounder body size, age, and Hg content of preferred prey. Stable isotope signatures were also used to elucidate the effect of trophic processes on Hg accumulation in the estuarine food web. The mean Hg content of SF exceeded concentrations measured in WF across multiple life-history stages (0.039-0.100 and 0.016-0.029 mg Hg/kg wet weight for SF and WF, respectively), and observed values for both species were lower than the US Environmental Protection Agency regulatory threshold of 0.3 mg Hg/kg wet weight. Total Hg concentra... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3079994 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3079994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072302&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19967392%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eissa BL, Ossana NA, Ferrari L, Salibián A The disruptive sublethal effects of heavy metals on behavioral parameters of fish as biomarkers of aquatic toxicity have been scarcely studied. We investigated the impact of exposure to sublethal waterborne cadmium on locomotory parameters of three freshwater teleosts: Cyprinus carpio as reference species, and Australoheros facetum (sin. Cichlasoma facetum) and Astyanax fasciatus, native to Pampean ecosystems in Argentina, using a noninvasive bioassay under laboratory conditions. Fish were successively transferred to media containing freshwater (control period), Cd(2+) solutions (exposure period), and freshwater (recovery period). The behavioral biomarkers evaluated were swimming activity and swimming speed of fish. The metal pro... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072302 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072307&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19967344%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim SK, Kang DJ, Kim KR, Lee DS The present study aimed to understand the distribution characteristics of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in wetlands experiencing high tides and the manner in which these characteristics are affected by various factors, in particular, two distinct physical and topographical features (i.e., sub- and intertidal zones). For all OCPs except HCHs, the distribution levels were higher in the intertidal zone than in the subtidal zone. The spatial heterogeneity in the isomer compositional pattern, distribution levels, and correlation among individual OCPs were pronounced in the intertidal zone. Spatial homogeneity was observed within the subtidal zone, indicating that the effect of flushing and mixing was strong enough to diminish the potential local c... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072307 Sat, 05 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072306&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19967345%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Onduka T, Mochida K, Harino H, Ito K, Kakuno A, Fujii K We evaluated the acute toxicities of the metal pyrithiones (MePTs)-copper pyrithione (CuPT) and zinc pyrithione (ZnPT)-to four species of marine algae and a marine crustacean (Tigriopus japonicus). We also performed acute toxicity tests using six of the main MePT photodegradation products: pyridine-N-oxide (PO); 2-mercaptopyridine (HPS); pyridine-2-sulfonic-acid (PSA); 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide (HPT); 2,2'-dithio-bis-pyridine ([PS](2)); and 2,2'-dithio-bis-pyridine-N-oxide ([PT](2))-and three marine organisms representing three trophic levels: an alga (Skeletonema costatum), a crustacean (T. japonicus), and a fish (Pagrus major). The acute toxicity values (72-h EC(50)) of CuPT, ZnPT, HPT, (PT)(2), (PS)(2), HPS, PO, and P... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072306 Sat, 05 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072305&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19967346%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the sorption capacity of estrogenic compounds-such as estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2)-of different sediment particle fractions. Two-sized fractions of sediment were used in the experiments, with a particle size <1 mum (mostly from 450 to 800 nm) and >1 mum up to 50 mum. Sorption kinetics were followed using a two-step reaction in which the major amount of chemicals was sorbed rapidly within minutes and then gradually increased until equilibrium was reached after 48 h. The sorption capacity of the fine particle fraction (particle size <1 mum) was shown to be significantly higher than that of the large fraction (1 mum < particle size < 50 mum). The sorption kinetics and isotherm were adequately predicted by using ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072305 Sat, 05 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072304&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19967347%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Choi M, Moon HB, Yu J, Eom JY, Choi HG Butyltins were determined in seawater, sediments, and mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from Busan Harbor, the largest commercial harbor in Korea, to assess the contamination status and the effectiveness of tributylin (TBT) restriction. TBT concentrations were found to be 7.6 +/- 8.3 ng Sn/L in seawater, 387 +/- 606 ng Sn/g dry weight (wt) in sediments, and 322 +/- 167 ng Sn/g dry wt in mussels, and are comparable to those in the largest harbors worldwide. TBT levels were highest at locations near shipyards and related facilities. Busan Harbor was characterized by the long-term history of butyltin contamination, based on the lowered TBT/DBT ratios in environmental matrices. The temporal trend of TBT levels decreased significantly in seaw... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072304 Sat, 05 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072303&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19967348%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the effect of SA on herbicide napropamide accumulation and biological processes in rapeseed (Brassica napus). Plants exposed to 8 mg kg(-1) napropamide showed growth stunt and oxidative damage. Treatment with 0.1 mM SA improved growth and reduced napropamide levels in plants. Treatment with SA also decreased the abundance of O (2) (-.) and H(2)O(2) as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and increased activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in napropamide-exposed plants. Analysis of SOD, CAT, and POD activities using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) confirmed the results. These results may help to understand how SA regulates plant response t... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072303 Sat, 05 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3048655&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19946682%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, silver catfish was exposed to 0 (control), 0.236, and 0.414 mg L(-1) cadmium for 7 and 14 days, followed by the same periods of recovery. The effects of cadmium on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and metal accumulation in brain and muscle were verified. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) formation was evaluated in brain. An increase in TBARS levels was verified after exposure and recovery periods and AChE activity in brain was reduced after 14 days of exposure. These parameters did not return to control values after the recovery period. In muscle AChE was altered during both exposure periods. Alterations in AChE activity may be a good indicator of cadmium contamination in R. quelen. PMID: 19946682 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3048655 Sat, 28 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3048655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030908&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937321%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Asakawa H, Tsunoda M, Kaido T, Hosokawa M, Sugaya C, Inoue Y, Kudo Y, Satoh T, Katagiri H, Akita H, Saji M, Wakasa M, Negishi T, Tashiro T, Aizawa Y Neurotoxicity is one of the major effects of tributyltin (TBT). The effects on the next generation of F(1) rats exposed to TBT via the placenta and their dams' milk may be stronger than those on adults. Pregnant Wister rats were exposed to TBT at 0 and 125 ppm in their food. Half of the female F(1) rats in both groups were exposed to TBT at 125 ppm in their food from 9 to 15 weeks of age. Female F(1) rats were divided into the following groups: the control-control (CC) group, with no exposure; the TBT-control (TC) group, exposed to TBT via the placenta and their dams' milk; the control-TBT (CT) group, exposed to TBT via their food... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030908 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030907&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937322%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Langer-Jaesrich M, Köhler HR, Gerhardt A Since data documentation on neonicotinic toxicity to nontarget organisms should be enhanced, we investigate the effects of thiacloprid, a novel neonicotinoid insecticide, on the sediment-dwelling nontarget insect Chironomus riparius. Further, we wanted to validate the sensitivity of end points on different biological levels and obtain the greatest amount of information regarding the effects of this compound by using a battery of several end points such as larval mortality, behavior, body weight gain, emergence rate, time of development, gender ratio, Hsp70 stress protein level, and larval mouthpart deformities after exposure at a concentration range of 0.1 to 1000 mug/L thiacloprid. C. riparius was impacted starting at concentratio... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030907 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015526&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19924366%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hardy RW, Oram LL, Möller G PMID: 19924366 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015526 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3015526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3008726&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19921326%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carriger JF, Hoang TC, Rand GM Single-species flow-through toxicity tests were conducted to determine the times-to-death of two indigenous fish to South Florida-least killifish (Heterandria formosa) and mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)-from acute exposure to endosulfan sulfate. Mortalities were recorded within 8-h periods from test initiation to termination at 96 h. The 96-h LC(50)s for least killifish and mosquitofish estimated using the trimmed-Spearman-Karber method were 2.0 and 2.3 mug/l, respectively. An accelerated failure time model was used to estimate times to death at selected concentrations. Data were fit to log-normal, log-logistic, and Weibull distributions. Acute toxicity data fit to the Weibull distribution produced a better relative fit than log-normal or log-lo... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3008726 Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3008726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2982196&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19904568%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mazej Z, Al Sayegh-Petkovšek S, Pokorny B The concentration of metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Hg) in different ecosystem components (lake water, sediment, plankton, macrophytes, and fish tissues) has been determined in Velenjsko jezero, an artificial lake resulting from mining activity. The risk to humans from consuming fish has been evaluated from the heavy metal load of fish muscle tissue. Heavy metals are transferred through the food chain at different levels, and Hg is found to be the element of the highest ecotoxicological concern. Although both sediment and plankton contain relatively low concentrations of Hg, this element accumulates in high levels in fish, especially in the benthivorous species Abramis brama danubii and predator species Perca fluviatilis. Moreover, Hg appea... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2982196 Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2982196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2976232&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19894014%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fredricks TB, Zwiernik MJ, Seston RM, Coefield SJ, Plautz SC, Tazelaar DL, Shotwell MS, Bradley PW, Kay DP, Giesy JP House wren (Troglodytes aedon), tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), and eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis) tissues collected in study areas (SAs) downstream of Midland, Michigan (USA) contained concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) greater than in upstream reference areas (RAs) in the region. The sum of concentrations of PCDD/DFs (SigmaPCDD/DFs) in eggs of house wrens and eastern bluebirds from SAs were 4- to 22-fold greater compared to those from RAs, whereas concentrations in tree swallow eggs were similar among areas. Mean concentrations of SigmaPCDD/DFs and sum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2976232 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2976232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2967913&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19888624%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: King CK, Dowse MC, Simpson SL The Australian benthic bivalve Tellina deltoidalis tolerates a wide range of sediment and water conditions, is easy to handle in the laboratory, and is a useful species for undertaking whole-sediment toxicity tests. The sensitivity of T. deltoidalis to metals was investigated in 10-day metal-spiked sediment exposures for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn and in water-only exposures for Cu and Zn. The survival of T. deltoidalis in 10-day exposures to metal-spiked sediments was 88-100% for Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations of 75, 420, 1,000, and 4,000 mg/kg, respectively. The 4-day LC(50)s for dissolved Cu and Zn were 0.18 and 13 mg/L, respectively. The 8-day LC(50) for Cu was 31 (24-34) mug/L. Cu and Zn concentrations in the tissues of T. deltoidalis increase... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2967913 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2967913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959576&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19882295%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Römbke J, Krogh KA, Moser T, Scheffczyk A, Liebig M As part of the risk assessment of veterinary pharmaceuticals, the potential impact of these chemicals on soil ecosystems has to be determined according to European law. However, almost no data from standardized laboratory tests are available. Therefore, in the EU FP6 ERAPharm, the effects of the widely used veterinary pharmaceutical ivermectin, an anthelminthic, were studied in chronic laboratory tests performed according to OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization) guidelines. In detail, three soil invertebrate species-the earthworm Eisenia fetida, the springtail Folsomia candida, and the predatory mite Hypoaspis aculeifer-were tested. The nomi... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959576 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959575&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19882296%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang MH, Wang GZ PMID: 19882296 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959575 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2951342&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19876686%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we detected sperm viability biomarkers with several fluorescent reporter dyes using flow cytometry in three aquatic invertebrates (Crassostrea virginica, Dreissena polymorpha, and Lytechinus variegatus) after exposure to a pesticide and herbicide. The pesticide, Bayluscide, appeared to affect mitochondrial membrane potential in the sperm of all three species, as measured with MitoTracker Red CMXRos((R)). A decrease in the percentage of sperm stained with SYBR((R))-14 (indicating uncompromised plasma membrane) was observed in C. virginica and D. polymorpha sperm exposed to Bayluscide, but propidium iodide staining (indicating compromised plasma membranes) appeared to be inhibited by Bayluscide. Acrosome-reacted sperm, as measured by FITC-PNA, decreased after Bayluscide exposu... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2951342 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2951342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2935026&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19855915%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheng JO, Cheng YM, Chen TH, Hsieh PC, Fang MD, Lee CL, Ko FC This distribution and variation of 45 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the waters of Kenting coral reefs were investigated by using sensitive research-grade sampling and analytical methods. The concentration levels of total PAHs (including particulate and dissolved PAHs) in the Kenting waters were relatively low, ranging from 2.2 to 34.4 ng/L. There was no significant spatial difference in PAH concentrations among the sampling stations, even between the surface and bottom waters. The fraction of dissolved PAHs on average was greater than that of particulate PAHs due to the small amount of total suspended particles. The partition coefficients between the particulate and dissolved phase (log K (oc)) were pos... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2935026 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2935026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2935025&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19855916%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Que Hee SS, Zainal H The aim of this study was to measure permeation of the herbicide dichlobenil in Casoron 4G through disposable and chemically protective nitrile gloves using an American Society for Testing and Materials-type permeation cell and a closed-loop system employing two different solvents (hexane and water) and two different challenge situations (aqueous emulsion and solid formulation). Capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for quantification purposes. The chemically protective glove did not allow any permeation up to 8 h for the solid-formulation and water-collection challenges, but permeation was detected in all other challenges. The disposable glove allowed the most permeation, and the solid-formulation challenge with water collection necessit... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2935025 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2935025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2923818&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19851703%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beltrame MO, De Marco SG, Marcovecchio JE Cadmium, chromium, copper, and manganese concentrations were determined in hepatopancreas of both sexes as well as in eggs at different embryonic development stages of the burrowing crab Neohelice granulata (Brachyura, Varunidae) from Mar Chiquita Coastal Lagoon, a biosphere reserve from Argentina, during a period of 1 year, to assess the bioaccumulation of metals associated with sex and seasonality. Furthermore, metal levels in associated superficial sediment samples were also determined. Two different "cangrejales," one in a mudflat and another one in a salt marsh, were studied. The results showed high concentrations of copper within the hepatopancreas, which was considered a strong reflection of high exposure of N. granulata to this... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2923818 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2923818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2923819&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19847472%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rico A, Geber-Corrêa R, Campos PS, Garcia MV, Waichman AV, van den Brink PJ Parathion-methyl is an organophosphorous insecticide that is widely used in agricultural production sites in the Amazon. The use of this pesticide might pose a potential risk for the biodiversity and abundance of fish and invertebrate species inhabiting aquatic ecosystems adjacent to the agricultural fields. Due to a lack of toxicity data for Amazonian species, safe environmental concentrations used to predict the ecological risks of parathion-methyl in the Amazon are based on tests performed with temperate species, although it is unknown whether the sensitivity of temperate species is representative for those of Amazonian endemic species. To address this issue, the acute toxic effect (LC(50)-96 h... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2923819 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2923819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2916838&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19841961%26dopt%3DAbstract This study focuses on two such springs in Kirazli area (Kirazli and Balaban springs) with a distinct quality pattern. Accordingly, field parameters (temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity), major anion and cation (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate), heavy metals (aluminum, arsenic, barium, chromium, cobalt, cupper, iron, lithium, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc), and isotopes (oxygen-18, deuterium, and tritium) were determined in water samples taken from these springs during 2005 through 2007. The chemical analyses showed that aluminum concentrations were found to be two orders of magnitude greater in Kirazli waters (mean value 13813.25 mug/L). The levels of this element exceeded the maximum allowable limits given in national and internationa... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2916838 Mon, 19 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2916838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2901401&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19834638%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Piotrowska A, Bajguz A, Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz B, Zambrzycka E The present study investigated the biochemical response of aquatic plant Wolffia arrhiza (Lemnaceae) treated with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) at a range of concentrations from 1 to 1000 muM. W. arrhiza has been identified as good scavenger of heavy metals from aqueous solution. Pb and Cd accumulation was found to be increased in a concentration- and duration-dependent manner. However, the highest biosorption of heavy metals was found in plants exposed to low levels (10 muM) of Cd and Pb in the nutrient medium. In observing the response to heavy-metal stress, we noted inhibited plant growth and decreased photosynthetic pigments, monosaccharides, and proteins. In addition, Cd was found to be more toxic to pl... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2901401 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2901401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894937&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19826749%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen H, Yao J, Wang F, Zhou Y, Chen K, Zhuang R, Zaray G Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is moderately persistent in soils. In our study, microcalorimetry was introduced for the first time to explore the acute toxic effect of CPF on a Pseudomonas strain in sterilized soil. Firstly, it was determined by microcalorimetry that P. putida failed to degrade CPF. Then the acute toxicity of increasing concentrations of CPF to P. putida was determined by its temporal effects on metabolism and counts of colony forming units. Results revealed that the increase of CPF concentration could induce a decrease of the growth rate constant (k) and the total thermal effect (Q (T)), representing an inhibiting action on P. putida. In addition, the colony forming units (CFU) for P. putida were counted. Results s... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894937 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2894937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894936&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19826750%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Albert CA, Wilson LK, Mineau P, Trudeau S, Elliott JE Anticoagulant rodenticides are widely used to control rodent infestations. Previous studies have shown that nontarget organisms, such as birds, are at risk for both primary and secondary poisoning. This paper presents rodenticide residue information on the livers from 164 strigiformes which included barn owls (Tyto alba), barred owls (Strix varia), and great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), collected from 1988 to 2003 in the province of British Columbia and the Yukon Territory, Canada. Livers were analyzed for brodifacoum, bromadiolone, chlorophacinone, diphacinone, difethialone, and warfarin. Our results show that, of the 164 owl livers analyzed, 70% had residues of at least one rodenticide, and of these 41% had more than o... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894936 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2894936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876931&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19812878%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rabea EI, Nasr HM, Badawy ME Under laboratory conditions, the comparative effects of two insect growth regulators, chlorfluazuron and oxymatrine, and spinosad as a biopesticide were examined on honey bee workers (Apis mellifera L.). Separate groups of bees were left for 24 h to feed on 50% sucrose solution containing different concentrations of the tested insecticides, and the lethal concentration that caused 50% mortality (LC(50)) was estimated. The inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities as biochemical indicators were determined in vivo after 24 h in head, thorax, and abdomen of surviving bees obtained after treatments with a view to explore the possible mode of action of these compounds. Results indicated that expos... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876931 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2876931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2858031&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19798461%26dopt%3DAbstract This article describes the analytical method development for seven additional pesticides that are being examined to determine if they might play a role in the unexplained toxicity. A pressurized liquid extraction method was optimized to simultaneously extract diazinon, methyl parathion, oxyfluorfen, dicofol, fenpropathrin, pyraclostrobin, and indoxacarb from sediment, and the extracts were cleaned using a two-step solid-phase extraction procedure. The final extract was analyzed for the target pesticides by gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC/NPD), and gas chromatography/electron capture detector (GC/ECD), after sulfur was removed by shaking with copper and cold crystallization. Three sediments were used as reference matrices to assess method accuracy and precision. Method d... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2858031 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2858031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2858030&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19798462%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Levine KE, Stout MD, Ross GT, Essader AS, Weber FX, Grohse PM, Fernando RA, Milstein LS, Hooth MJ, Collins BJ The validation of a method for the determination of chromium (Cr) in F-344/N rat tissues by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry is described. Samples were analyzed after a rapid, open-vessel microwave digestion procedure. Performance of the method was evaluated using kidney tissue across a concentration range of 0.50-5.00 mug Cr/g tissue. Data for method linearity, accuracy, precision, digest stability, and storage stability are presented along with limits of detection and quantitation data. Data from a method cross-validation for B6C3F1 mouse kidney tissue are also presented. After validation, the method was applied to analyze samples collected in support of ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2858030 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2858030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2853114&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19795158%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dantin DD, Boustany RG, Lewis MA, Jordan SJ, Moss RF, Michot TC Accelerated eutrophication is common to many freshwater and marine environments and often co-occurs with the presence of anthropogenic chemicals. However, the toxic effects of common chemical stressors such as herbicides in the presence of elevated nutrients are not well understood for most aquatic flora, particularly vascular species. To provide insight, field-collected Vallisneria americana Michx. (wild celery) were sequentially exposed to three nutrient concentrations for 3 months and then to nominal 11 and 110 mug L(-1) atrazine for 96 h. Nutrient concentrations (combined NH(4) (+), NO(2) (-), NO(3) (-), PO(4) (-)) were based on ambient concentrations in the St. Johns River (FL) and ranged from 0.013 to 0.668 ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2853114 Wed, 30 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2853114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2853117&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19789906%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dinu D, Marinescu D, Munteanu MC, Staicu AC, Costache M, Dinischiotu A Pyrethroids, such as deltamethrin, are toxic substances that lead to generation of reactive oxygen species, which harm living organisms. We assessed the level and patterns of imbalance evolved by a single dose of 2 mug/L deltamethrin on the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defense system of Carassius auratus gibelio liver and intestine, and monitored the recovery dynamics of these parameters during a 14-day post-exposure period. LPO and antioxidative defense mechanisms displayed different responses in the investigated tissues. Sudden increase of LPO in the liver, persisting at this elevated level throughout the test period, was observed on the third day post-exposure, while in the intestine sign... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2853117 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2853117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2853116&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19789907%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hu G, Dai J, Mai B, Luo X, Cao H, Wang J, Li F, Xu M Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), such as hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), are ubiquitous anthropogenic environmental contaminants. They are persistent, broad-spectrum toxicants that accumulate in the food web with potential risks to the ecosystem and human health. HCHs were the predominant contaminants in Baiyangdian Lake, North China. Concentrations of HCHs and DDTs ranged from 58 to 563 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and 21 to 401 ng/g lw, respectively, for aquatic biota samples. The highest levels of HCHs and DDTs were observed in muscles of yellow catfish. The mean concentrations of OCPs were 4.6 ng/L for water, 95 ng/g dry weight (dw) for aquatic plants, and 14 ng/g dw for sediments. Among... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2853116 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2853116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2853115&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19789908%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang D, Shelver WL, Atkinson S, Mellish JA, Li QX The fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) population has decreased in their primary breeding grounds in the Bering Sea; contamination is among suspected causes. Our goal was to better understand the extent of contamination of seal tissues with certain organochlorine compounds by measuring the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in fur seal tissues from St. Paul Island, to gain a better perspective of tissue congener distribution and to evaluate the observed PCB levels against toxicologically significant levels for modes of action. Concentrations of 145 PCB congeners ( summation operator(145)PCBs) and 12 OCPs were measured with gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry in 8 differ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2853115 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2853115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2846688&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19784805%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents results of the application of two-one-dimensional/dynamic-deterministic models developed to evaluate and predict mercury contamination of a lowland river, the River Yare, Norfolk, UK. As a general indication of model performance, MODEL 1 produced a prediction of the overall mass balance of mercury in the River Yare that was 6% lower than an estimate, based on measurements, and 10% lower than the prediction provided by MODEL 2. The mercury surficial sediment concentrations calculated by MODEL 1 varied from 0.46 mg kg(-1) in 1995 (Reach 3) to 3.55 mg kg(-1) in 1986 (Reaches 6 and 7), whereas the minimum mercury concentration calculated by MODEL 2 was 0.42 mg kg(-1) in 1995 (Reach 3) and the maximum was 8.45 mg kg(-1) in 1986 (Reach 5). Average mercury concentrations exper... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2846688 Sat, 26 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2846688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2846687&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19784806%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents two different approaches to the development of one-dimensional/dynamic-deterministic models for the evaluation and prediction of mercury contamination in a lowland tidal river, the River Yare (Norfolk, UK). The models described here were developed to encompass the entire river system and address the mass balance of mercury in a multicompartment system, including tidal reversal and saline limit. The models were focused on river systems, with the River Yare being used as a case study because previous modelling studies have been centred on lakes and wetlands whilst there is a paucity of information for rivers. Initial comparisons with actual measured water parameters (salinity and suspended solids) indicate that both models exhibit good agreement with the actual values. ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2846687 Sat, 26 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2846687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2834740&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19777152%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fairchild JF, Allert AL, Feltz KP, Nelson KJ, Valle JA Clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) is a pyridine herbicide frequently used to control invasive, noxious weeds in the northwestern United States. Clopyralid exhibits low acute toxicity to fish, including the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). However, there are no published chronic toxicity data for clopyralid and fish that can be used in ecological risk assessments. We conducted 30-day chronic toxicity studies with juvenile rainbow trout exposed to the acid form of clopyralid. The 30-day maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for growth, calculated as the geometric mean of the no observable effect concentration (68 mg/L) and the lowest obse... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2834740 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2834740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2828841&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19774324%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li Q, Zhang X, Yan C Surface marine sediments from 12 sites within Xiamen Bay (XMB) and marine organisms (clam, crab, and fish) from a heavily polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated site at Yuandang Lagoon were sampled and analyzed for 16 priority PAH content by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The total PAH concentrations in sediments ranged from 203.7 to 1590.5 ng/g, with an average value of 670.0 ng/g. Overall, the total PAH concentrations were relatively lower in the east coastal zone and significantly higher in Yuandang Lagoon. These concentrations were intermediate in comparison with those observed in other estuaries in China. The sources of PAH inputs to sediments in XMB were quantitatively determined by principal components analysis with multiple linea... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2828841 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2828841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821119&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19771461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eguchi S, Harino H, Yamamoto Y The concentrations of organotin compounds in the aquatic environment of Maizuru Bay and their spatial distribution are discussed. The concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) compounds in water samples ranged from 0.001 to 0.002 mug l(-1), and monobutyltin compounds were the dominant species among the butyltin compounds. TBT concentrations in Maizuru Bay are low compared with other coastal waters of Japan. Drastic differences in TBT concentrations were not observed among the Maizuru Bay sites. Phenyltin compounds were not detected in the water samples. Concentrations of TBT and triphenyltin (TPT) in sediment from Maizuru Bay ranged, respectively, from 0.9 to 11 mug kg(-1), from 0.2 to 17 mug kg(-1) dry weight (dw). TBT concentrations in Maizuru Bay we... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821119 Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2821119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821118&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19771462%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sloan CA, Anulacion BF, Bolton JL, Boyd D, Olson OP, Sol SY, Ylitalo GM, Johnson LL Previous studies have examined the presence, distribution, and concentrations of toxic contaminants in two major waterways in the Pacific Northwest: the lower Columbia River and Estuary (LCR&E) and Puget Sound, Washington. However, those studies have not reported on the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in juvenile Chinook salmon (Onchorynchus tshawytscha). Populations of Chinook salmon from the LCR&E and Puget Sound are declining, and some stocks are currently listed as "threatened" under the Endangered Species Act. Bioaccumulation of contaminants, including PBDEs, by juvenile Chinook salmon in the LCR&E and Puget Sound is of concern due to the potential toxicity of ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821118 Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2821118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821120&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19768486%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Williams BK, Semlitsch RD Low levels of agricultural herbicides often contaminate surface water and might persist throughout the growing season, potentially acting as stressors on aquatic organisms. Although low-dose, chronic exposures to agrochemicals are likely common for many nontarget organisms, studies addressing these effects using end-use herbicide formulations are rare. We exposed three common species of tadpoles to conservative levels of atrazine, S-metolachlor, and glyphosate end-use herbicide formulations throughout the larval period to test for survival differences or life-history trait alterations. Exposure to the glyphosate product Roundup WeatherMax((R)) at 572 ppb glyphosate acid equivalents (a.e.) resulted in 80% mortality of western chorus frog tadpoles, like... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821120 Fri, 18 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2821120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2809955&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19763676%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lucia M, André JM, Gontier K, Diot N, Veiga J, Davail S Trace elements (mercury [Hg], cadmium [Cd], copper [Cu], zinc [Zn], lead [Pb], aluminium [Al], nickel [Ni], arsenic [As], and selenium [Se]) were investigated using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in liver, kidney, muscle, and feather of aquatic birds wintering or inhabiting the wetlands situated on the Southwest Atlantic coast of France. A majority of greylag geese, red knots, and grey plovers were collected from among hunter-shot animals. The relation between residue concentrations, age (juvenile vs. adult), and sex was investigated. Trace elements were lower than threshold levels of toxicity, except for Pb. Greylag geese sampled could be considered Pb-poisoned. These consequential levels of contaminat... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2809955 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2809955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2809953&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19763678%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was carried out to investigate the concentrations and potential sources of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sludge of 14 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Sludge samples were collected from 2 municipal WWTPs, 11 industrial WWTPs, and 1 sanitary landfill leachate treatment plant within the city of Bursa, Turkey during the summer of 2008. Ultrasonication was applied for extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the PAH contents of the samples. Twelve of the 16 EPA-listed PAH compounds were determined. Total PAH concentrations ( summation operator(12) PAHs) determined in all of the sludge samples ranged from 1,781 to 19,866 mug/kg dry matter (dm). The sum of 8 of the 11 EU PAHs varied between 1,481 and 17,314 mug/kg dm, and 3 of the sa... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2809953 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2809953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2809952&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19763679%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCISs) and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in six caves and two surface-water sites located within the Ozark Plateau of northeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas in order to detect potential chemical contaminants in these systems. All caves sampled were known to contain populations of the threatened Ozark cavefish (Amblyopsis rosae). The surface-water site in Oklahoma was downstream from the outfall of a municipal wastewater treatment plant and a previous study indicated a hydrologic link between this stream and one of the caves. A total of 83 chemicals were detected in the POCIS and SPMD extracts from the surface-water and cave sites. Of these, 55 chemicals were detected in the caves. Regardless of the... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2809952 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2809952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2809954&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19763677%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hardy RW, Oram LL, Möller G A 2.5-year feeding trial was conducted in which cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri) were fed either a basal diet (1.2 mug Se/g diet) or the basal diet supplemented with 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 mug selenomethionine/g diet from 1 g weight to maturation. After 44 weeks of feeding, a subsample of fish was removed from dietary treatment groups and fed the basal diet for an additional 32 weeks. Concentrations of Se in whole fish and eggs increased in proportion to dietary Se intake, but no differences in growth, feed intake, survival, or egg hatchability were observed among dietary groups. Cranial-facial deformities in second-generation offspring were less than 6% in all treatment groups except for fish fed the diet supplemented with 4 mug selen... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2809954 Wed, 16 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2809954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2804487&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19756841%26dopt%3DAbstract This study indicates that the analysis of these compounds in beeswax samples could be used as bioindicators of fluvalinate sanitary treatment and handling practices applied by beekeepers. PMID: 19756841 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2804487 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2804487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2804486&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19756842%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morley NJ, Costa HH, Lewis JW In fish there is a close association between endocrine and immune function that during seasonal changes in reproductive status can affect the fishes susceptibility to parasitic infection. The effects of endocrine-disrupting pollution on this association are not known. The present study investigates the effects of a chemically polluted (ammoniacal nitrogen, zinc, bromide) discharge in Cranleigh Waters, a river in southern England, on the fecundity and parasitism of chub, Leuciscus cephalus, over an 18-month period. In the polluted site, the gonado-somatic index (GSI) of fish was lower in females and higher in males compared to an unpolluted upstream site, indicating an androgenic effect on reproduction. Parasite species richness, especially the int... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2804486 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2804486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2804485&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19756843%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was carried out to assess the influence of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) alone or associated with antioxidants on the male reproductive system in newborn rats, emphasizing the implications of oxidative stress and hormonal balance during prenatal and early postnatal periods. Wistar females were exposed by oral route to DEHP alone or associated with antioxidants from gestational day 7 to lactational day 2 according to the following treatment regimens: (C) vehicle control (canola oil + 1% Tween-80); (V) vitamin C (200 mg/kg) + canola oil; (R) resveratrol (10 mg/kg) + canola oil; (D) DEHP (500 mg/kg) + 1% Tween-80; (DV) DEHP (500 mg/kg) + vitamin C (200 mg/kg); and (DR) DEHP (500 mg/kg) + resveratrol (10 mg/kg). Two male pups per litter were randomly selected and necropsied on po... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2804485 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2804485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2804484&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19756844%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stelzer RS, Joachim BL There is relatively little known about nitrate toxicity in aquatic invertebrates, especially sublethal effects of elevated nitrate. We exposed the amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus to elevated nitrate concentrations (up to 128 mg NO(3)-N/L) in a laboratory experiment and measured mortality, growth rates, egestion rates, molting, and C:N ratio. Nitrate concentration did not affect mortality, egestion rate, molting, and C:N ratio. Amphipod growth decreased slightly with increasing nitrate concentration based on the results of a linear regression, but a one-way ANOVA suggested that mean growth rates were not different among nitrate treatments. We suggest that additional research is needed on the sublethal effects of elevated nitrate concentration on aquatic ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2804484 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2804484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2804483&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19756845%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumar KS, Priya SM, Peck AM, Sajwan KS Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarbon (TCC) are bactericides used in various consumer and personal-care products. Recent studies have revealed considerable levels of these bactericides in wastewater, aquatic wildlife, and human samples. Consequently, in this study we measured TCS and TCC in influent and effluent, sludge, and pond water/sediment samples from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and three major rivers in Savannah, Georgia (USA). Among these treatment plants, the Wilshire plant showed elevated concentrations of TCS (influent, 86,161; effluent, 5370 ng/L), whereas TCC was greater in the Georgetown plant (influent, 36,221) and the Wilshire plant effluent (3045 ng/L). Clearance of TCS and TCC were 95 and 92%, respectively, in th... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2804483 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2804483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2804482&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19756846%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ahemad M, Khan MS The quizalafop-p-ethyl- and clodinafop-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing and plant-growth-promoting Pseudomonas aeruginosa PS1 isolated from the rhizospheric soils of mustard was used to determine its phosphate-solubilizing activity and other plant-growth-promoting traits both in the presence and absence of technical grade quizalafop-p-ethyl and clodinafop under in vitro conditions. Quizalafop-p-ethyl (at 40, 80, and 120 ppb) and clodinafop (at 400, 800, and 1200 ppb) reduced the P-solubilizing activity, synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid, and siderophores progressively with increasing concentrations of each herbicide. Hydrogen cyanide and ammonia synthesisized by this strain, however, did not change. Furthermore, the effects of three concentrations each of quiz... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2804482 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2804482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2741803&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19711125%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Skarphedinsdottir H, Gunnarsson K, Gudmundsson GA, Nfon E Organochlorine (OC) bioaccumulation and biomagnification were studied in a marine food web at a pristine site in Iceland. The species studied were the gastropod and grazer chink shell (Lacuna vincta), the filter feeding bivalve blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), the predators butterfish (Pholis gunnellus), and the seabird black guillemot (Cepphus grylle), all sampled and analysed in 1996-1997. Individual OC levels were generally low in chink shell and blue mussels, somewhat elevated in the fish, and an order of a magnitude higher in the top predator black guillemot, except for SigmaHCH (hexachlorocyclohexane isomers) and Sigmachlordane levels, which were similar in all organisms, ranging from 10 to 36 ng/g lipid weight (lw).... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2741803 Wed, 26 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2741803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2734799&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19705050%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests that upregulation of the antioxidant enzyme activities, elevation of LPO, and the reduction in GSH content is related to oxidative stress in this species that could be useful as biomarkers for the evaluation of contaminated terrestrial ecosystems. PMID: 19705050 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2734799 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2734799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2712515&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19685096%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the concentrations of 13 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) (PFBuS, PFHxS, PFOS, THPFOS, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTDA, and PFOSA) were analyzed in municipal drinking water samples collected at 40 different locations from 5 different zones of Catalonia, Spain. Detection limits ranged between 0.02 (PFHxS) and 0.85 ng/L (PFOA). The most frequent compounds were PFOS and PFHxS, which were detected in 35 and 31 samples, with maximum concentrations of 58.1 and 5.30 ng/L, respectively. PFBuS, PFHxA, and PFOA were also frequently detected (29, 27, and 26 samples, respectively), with maximum levels of 69.4, 8.55, and 57.4 ng/L. In contrast, PFDoDA and PFTDA could not be detected in any sample. The most contaminated water samples were found in the Barcelona Provin... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2712515 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2712515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2712516&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19685095%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ingersoll CG, Kemble NE, Kunz JL, Brumbaugh WG, Macdonald DD, Smorong D PMID: 19685095 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2712516 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2712516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2712514&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19685097%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brand AB, Snodgrass JW, Gallagher MT, Casey RE, Van Meter R Stormwater ponds are common features of modern stormwater management practices. Stormwater ponds often retain standing water for extended periods of time, develop vegetative characteristics similar to natural wetlands, and attract wildlife. However, because stormwater ponds are designed to capture pollutants, wildlife that utilize ponds might be exposed to pollutants and suffer toxicological effects. To investigate the toxicity of stormwater pond sediments to Hyla versicolor, an anuran commonly found using retention ponds for breeding, we exposed embryos and larvae to sediments in laboratory microcosms. Exposure to pond sediments reduced survival of embryos by ~50% but did not affect larval survival. Larvae exposed to... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2712514 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2712514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2702760&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19680591%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harino H, Iwasaki N, Arai T, Ohji M, Miyazaki N Contamination profiles of antifouling biocides were investigated in a deep-sea environment in Suruga Bay Japan. Significant differences in the tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) concentrations in subsurface sediment between 850 and 800 m of water depth were not observed (p < 0.05). Organotin (OT) concentrations in sediment core of 0-30.5 cm from a water depth of 800 m were investigated. The butyltins (BTs) and phenyltins (PTs) concentrations were constant between 0 and 15 cm, and, subsequently, the concentration of these compounds increased. The peaks of the BTs and PTs concentrations were observed between 18 and 19 cm. The concentrations of Irgarol 1051 decreased until a core depth of 9 cm, and, the values then became n... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2702760 Wed, 12 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2702760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696385&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19672646%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, residual concentrations and profiles of 20 individual ClPAHs and 16 US EPA-priority PAHs were determined using high- resolution gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry in sediments from water bodies near industrialized areas: Tokyo Bay, Japan; the Saginaw River watershed, Michigan, USA; a former chlor-alkali plant, Georgia, USA; and the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site, Massachusetts, USA. A sediment core from Tokyo Bay showed temporal patterns in the distribution of ClPAHs from the 1950s through 2004. The fluxes of ClPAHs and 16 priority PAHs in Tokyo Bay sediment core were 0.029-0.57 ng/cm(2)/year and 85-609 ng/cm(2)/year, respectively; fluxes were lowest in the 1950s and highest in 1989-1990. In the United States, a high mean concentration of ClPAHs was foun... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696385 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2696385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696384&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19672647%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abarikwu SO, Adesiyan AC, Oyeloja TO, Oyeyemi MO, Farombi EO To study the effects of atrazine on reproductive functions and testicular and epididymal antioxidant defense, rats were exposed to 0, 120, or 200 mg/kg body weight atrazine orally for 7 and 16 days. Animals exposed to the high-dose atrazine had their body weights, feed intake, and reproductive organs weights significantly reduced, whereas testicular weights remain unaffected independent of the dose used. In comparison to control, glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were elevated in the high-dose group, whereas the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT); ascorbate (AA), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and hydrogen peroxide production were unchanged in the testis during the... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696384 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2696384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2684321&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19662323%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nishi I, Komuro T, Kawakami T, Onodera S Cyclooxygenase (COX) plays an important role in eicosanoid metabolism. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) function as COX inhibitors and are frequently detected in the aquatic environment. Here, we measured the in vitro COX-inhibiting activity of the surface water and domestic wastewater in the Tone Canal, Japan. The concentrations of several NSAIDs in the some samples were also determined using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for confirming the validity of the assay. The target compounds were extracted from the samples using a solid-phase extraction cartridge. A dose-response relationship between the inhibiting activity and sample volume were observed in the wastewater sample. The higher COX-inhibiting activities... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2684321 Thu, 06 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2684321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2684320&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19662324%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brammell BF, McClain JS, Oris JT, Price DJ, Birge WJ, Elskus AA It has become increasingly apparent that resident fish can develop resistance to chemicals in their environment, thus compromising their usefulness as sentinels of site-specific pollution. By using a stream system whose resident fish appear to have developed pollutant resistance (Brammell et al., Mar Environ Res 58:251-255, 2005), we tested the hypothesis that the pollutant-inducible biomarker, cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), as measured in field-caged juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), would reflect relative pollution differences between reference and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated sites. Trout were caged in the Town Branch/Mud River system (Logan County, KY), a stream system undergoing remedia... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2684320 Thu, 06 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2684320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2674710&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19653029%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we evaluated interspecific differences and temporal trends in hepatic Se concentrations among BUFF (n = 77), COGO (n = 77), and LTDU (n = 79) wintering at Lake Ontario. All three species accumulated Se throughout winter, but COGO did so at a higher rate than did BUFF and LTDU. Overall, Se concentrations were higher in LTDU [[Formula: see text]; 95% CI = 20.8-24.8 mug/g dry weight (dw)] than in BUFF ([Formula: see text]; 95% CI = 11.6-13.1 mug/g dw) and COGO ([Formula: see text]; 95% CI = 10.7-3.5 mug/g dw) throughout the winter. Se concentrations were deemed elevated (>33 mug/g dw) in 0%, 5%, and 19% of BUFF, COGO, and LTDU, respectively. Presently there are no data on Se toxicity end points for these species, so it is unclear how acquiring concentrations of these magnitu... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2674710 Mon, 03 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2674710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2674709&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19653030%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Herring G, Ackerman JT, Eagles-Smith CA, Adelsbach TL, Melancon MJ, Stebbins KR, Hoffman DJ We measured halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs) [polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT)] and P450 [e.g., ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD)] stress in livers from Caspian tern (Hydroprogne caspia) adults and Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) adults and chicks in San Francisco Bay (SFB). Penta BDEs and tetra PBDEs composed 46-66% of summation operatorPBDE in terns. PCB homologues di, tri, penta, hexa, and hepta composed 93-95% of summation operatorPCBs and p'p-DDE composed 82-98% of all summation operatorDDTs. We found similar concentrations of summation operatorPBDEs [mean micrograms per gram wet weight (... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2674709 Mon, 03 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2674709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543942&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19458989%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moore MT, Kröger R, Cooper CM, Smith S Increased focus is being placed on the ability of native vegetation to mitigate potential harmful effects of agricultural runoff, especially pyrethroid insecticides. Replicate 379 L Rubbermaid tubs (1.25 m [l] x 0.6 m [w] x 0.8 m [h]) were planted with individual species of cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides), cattails (Typha latifolia), bur-reed (Sparganium americanum), and powdery alligator-flag (Thalia dealbata), all common wetland macrophytes found in the Mississippi Delta, USA, agricultural region. Permethrin-enriched water (target concentration, 5 microg L(-1)) was pumped in at a 4-h hydraulic retention time at one end of the tub and discharged at the far end. Water samples were collected from discharge at 1-h intervals for 12 h and a... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543942 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:53:57 +0100 2543942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543939&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19458992%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moore JN, Newsted JL, Hecker M, Zwiernik MJ, Fitzgerald SD, Kay DP, Zhang X, Higley EB, Aylward LL, Beckett KJ, Budinsky RA, Bursian SJ, Giesy JP Dose- and time-dependent effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQ) of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF), or a mixture of these two congeners on hepatic P450 enzyme activity and tissue morphology, including jaw histology, of adult ranch mink were determined under controlled conditions. Adult female ranch mink were fed either TCDF (0.98, 3.8, or 20 ng TEQ(TCDF)/kg bw/day) or PeCDF (0.62, 2.2, or 9.5 ng TEQ(PeCDF)/kg bw/day), or a mixture of TCDF and PeCDF (4.1 ng TEQ(TCDF)/kg bw/day and 2.8 ng TEQ(PeCDF)/kg bw/day, respecti... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543939 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:53:51 +0100 2543939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543936&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19468666%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was conducted to support a Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration project associated with the Ashtabula River in Ohio. The objective of the study was to evaluate the chemistry and toxicity of 50 sediment samples obtained from five cores collected from the Ashtabula River (10 samples/core, with each 10-cm-diameter core collected to a total depth of about 150 cm). Effects of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs) measured in the sediment samples were evaluated by measuring whole-sediment chemistry and whole-sediment toxicity in the sediment samples (including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], organochlorine pesticides, and metals). Effects on the amphipod Hyalella azteca at the end of a 28-day sediment toxicity test were determi... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543936 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:53:44 +0100 2543936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543933&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19471991%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, alteration of Daphnia magna Hb was evaluated in terms of its gene expression, using four D. magna Hb open reading frames (ORFs), by exposure of various chemicals, such as nonylphenol (NP), bisphenol A (BPA), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), chloropyriphos (CP), paraquat dichloride (PQ), and lead nitrate (Pb), under laboratory conditions. A Daphnia reproduction test was also conducted to test the ecotoxicological relevance of chemical-induced Daphnia Hb gene expression. Daphnia Hb gene expression increased by most of tested chemicals. Nonylphenol induced all four Hb ORFs, and an increase in D. magna hemoglobin 2 (dmhb2), dmhb3, and dmhb4 gene expression was exposure concentration dependent. Although BPA and B[a]P also induced most of the Hb genes, the degree of increase was less than ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543933 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:53:38 +0100 2543933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543917&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19557474%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumar R, Nagpure NS, Kushwaha B, Srivastava SK, Lakra WS Malathion [S-(1,2-dicarboethoxyethyl) O, O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate] is a widely used organophosphorus insecticide throughout the world. However, limited efforts have made to study its genotoxic effect in different fish tissues. The present investigation was aimed to assess the genotoxic potential of the pesticide to the freshwater teleost fish Channa punctatus at sublethal concentrations using the micronucleus test and comet assay. Initially, the 96-h LC(50) value of commercial-grade malathion (50% EC) was determined as 5.93 ppm in a semistatic system. Based on LC(50), three test concentrations (viz. sublethal I, sublethal II, and sublethal III) were determined to be 1.48, 0.74, and 0.59 ppm, respectively, and the fi... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543917 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543919&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19536586%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schleier JJ, Peterson RK One of the most effective ways of managing adult mosquitoes that vector human and animal pathogens is the use of ultra-low-volume (ULV) insecticides. Because of the lack of environmental fate studies and concerns about the safety of the insecticides used for the management of adult mosquitoes, we conducted an environmental fate study after truck-mounted applications of permethrin and naled. One hour after application, concentrations of permethrin on cotton dosimeters placed at ground level 25, 50, and 75 m from the spray source were 2, 4, and 1 ng/cm(2) in 2007 and 5, 2, and 0.9 ng/cm(2) in 2008, respectively. One hour after application, concentrations of naled 25, 50, and 75 m were 47, 66, and 67 ng/cm(2) in 2007 and 15, 6.1, and 0 (nondetectable) ng/... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543919 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543918&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19536587%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alonso-Castro AJ, Carranza-Álvarez C, Alfaro-De la Torre MC, Chávez-Guerrero L, García-De la Cruz RF We investigated the effect of Cd and Pb on the growth of the aquatic macrophyte Typha latifolia; the removal from the solution and the accumulation of these elements by the plant were also studied. Thus, small plants of T. latifolia, collected from a noncontaminated site, were exposed for 10 days to Cd and Pb, in a single solution or in mixture solutions, at two concentrations of the metals (5 and 7.5 mg/L). Our results showed that T. latifolia removed effectively Cd and Pb from solutions and was able to accumulate these metals in the roots and, to a lesser extent, in the leaves. Our findings suggested a synergistic effect of Cd and Pb with respect to the toxicit... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543918 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543920&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19526264%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Torres J, Foronda P, Eira C, Miquel J, Feliu C The use of systems involving bird parasites as bioindicators of environmental pollution has been scarcely studied in comparison to other models involving fish and rodent parasites, which have been demonstrated as particularly adequate due to their bioaccumulation capacities. The present study evaluated the accumulation of nine trace elements in the cestode Raillietina micracantha and in its host Columba livia collected from the densely populated city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). Samples (kidney, liver, pectoral muscle, feathers, and R. micracantha) of 27 infected C. livia were selected for trace element analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Element levels in pigeon tissues revealed some de... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543920 Fri, 12 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543921&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19513782%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was conducted to ascertain the influence of sediment contaminated with pulp and paper mill effluent in a fjord on winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, based on a laboratory study. Flounder, captured from a pristine site, were exposed in a flow-through system for 16 weeks to sediment collected at 2, 5, 7, and 10 km from the outfall. A group of controls was placed in uncontaminated sediment. Mortality occurred almost exclusively in fish exposed to sediment taken from 2 km than from more distant sites. Additionally, the condition factor was lower, the liver was enlarged, and toxicopathic lesions in the liver and spleen were significantly greater in fish submerged in the sediment than in fish from the more distant locations or the controls. Two ectoparasites including a ciliate... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543921 Tue, 09 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543922&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19506937%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mufarrege MM, Hadad HR, Maine MA The effects of Cr, Ni, Zn, and P exposure on the root anatomic structure, growth, and chlorophyll a concentration of Pistia stratiotes L. were studied. Plastic aquaria containing 50 g of wet plants and 5 L of pond water added with the contaminant(s) were disposed. The treatments were: (1) Cr, (2) Ni, (3) Zn, (4) P, (5) Cr + Ni + Zn, (6) Cr + Ni + Zn + P, and (7) control. Contaminant additions were done seven times. In each addition, concentrations of 1 mg of metals or 5 mg of P per liter of water were added. Chlorophyll a was an indicator more sensitive to Zn and Cr toxicity than the relative growth rate. Ni and Cr + Ni + Zn treatments were the most toxic ones, in which biomass and the root anatomical parameters (root length, cross-sectional ar... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543922 Mon, 08 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543923&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19504227%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ippolito MP, Fasciano C, d'Aquino L, Morgana M, Tommasi F Extensive agriculture application of rare earth elements (REEs) in Far East countries might cause spreading of these metals in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, thus inducing a growing concern about their environmental impact. In this work the effects of a mix of different REE nitrate (RE) and of lanthanum nitrate (LA) on catalase and antioxidant systems involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were investigated in common duckweed Lemna minor L. The results indicated that L. minor shows an overall good tolerance to the presence of REEs in the media. Treatments at concentrations up to 5 mM RE and 5 mM LA did not cause either visible symptoms on plants or significant effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) productio... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543923 Sat, 06 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543924&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19504147%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the zinc toxicity to red sea bream Pagrus major embryos and larvae at 18 +/- 1 degrees C (33 +/- 1 per thousand in salinity) under laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity tests indicated that zinc 48-h LC(50) to embryos and 96-h LC(50) to larvae were 4.3 (3.3-6.3; 95% confidence limits) and 10.1 (9.0-11.4) mg l(-1), respectively, suggesting that embryos were more sensitive than larvae to zinc exposure. The subchronic toxicity test, in which embryos and larvae were continuously exposed to 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg Zn(2+) l(-1) solutions for 10 days, demonstrated that waterborne zinc had distinctly toxic effects on the development, growth, and survival of red sea bream embryos and larvae. Zinc exposure at concentrations >/= 0.5 mg l(-1) wou... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543924 Fri, 05 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543927&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19499159%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crawford KD, Weinstein JE, Hemingway RE, Garner TR, Globensky G During the summer of 2007, sediment samples were collected from 16 stormwater detention ponds and 2 reference ponds located in coastal South Carolina. The sediments were analyzed for more than 30 pesticides with current and historical uses, six polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and seven metals. The results are compared with established screening assessment parameters, with copper found to be the contaminant of highest concern. Lead levels were found to correlate well with pond drainage area, while copper and zinc levels correlated with both pond drainage area and pond surface area. Chlorpyrifos levels were found to correlate with pond surface area. Our results also show that ponds draining commercial areas ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543927 Thu, 04 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543926&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19499160%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the competitive sorption effects of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB) and typical heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu), on their sorption characteristics on two Chinese soils were examined using a batch equilibration method. The results indicated that the coexistence of Cd and Cu inhibited the sorption of 1,4-DCB on soils and the inhibitive effects increased with increasing concentrations of Cd and Cu. This can be attributed to the inner-sphere complexation of Cd and Cu to form hydration shells of dense water that directly compete for surface sorption sites with 1,4-DCB. Additionally, pore blockage is presumed to be an alternative mechanism for the inhibitive effect. The extent of inhibitive effects depends on not only the relatively chemical characteristics of metals but ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543926 Thu, 04 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543925&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19499161%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we exposed Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to water-borne or food-spiked phenanthrene, an ubiquitous PAH, and investigated the chronic effects of the chemical on medaka reproduction. The results showed that phenanthrene significantly prolonged the time to hatch for embryos. Other parameters such as fecundity and fertility, organ-somatic ratios, hepatic vitellogenin production, and the histology of testes and ovaries were not different between the control and phenanthrene-treated groups. This suggests that the time to hatch in embryos might be a more sensitive biomarker for environmental contaminants. PMID: 19499161 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543925 Thu, 04 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543928&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19495844%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karayanni H, Kormas KA, Cragg S, Nicolaidou A Colonization and succession of an epibiotic animal community on chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood were studied for 18 months in the eastern Mediterranean (Saronikos Gulf, Aegean Sea). Pine wood panels, 200 x 100 x 25 mm, impregnated with CCA at retentions of 0, 12, 24, and 48 kg m(-3) were used. The abundance or surface coverage of the most characteristic taxa (polychaetes, mollusca, crustacea bryozoa, sponges, ascidians) was measured in situ, while 12 months after submersion two panels of each retention were removed and examined in the laboratory. A total of 26 taxa were identified, among which polychaetes of the family Serpulidae dominated. The controls carried the largest number of species (17) but the lowest number o... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543928 Tue, 02 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543931&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19488800%26dopt%3DAbstract This article brings original information about the presence of contaminants with specific mechanisms of action in traffic-influenced soils as determined by bioanalytical approaches and instrumental analyses. The initial phase of the study aimed to compare contamination of soils near highways with those from reference localities, whereas the second phase of the study investigated the influence of traffic pollution in soils at various distances from highways. For the reference areas, forest soils contained greater concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQs; 483 to 2094 pg/g) than did arable soils (96 to 478 pg/g), which represent the relevant reference for the studied soils along highways. The total concentration of TCDD-EQs determined in the in vitro transac... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543931 Mon, 01 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543930&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19488801%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fırat O, Kargın F Changes in serum biochemistry in response to single- and combined-metal exposure were studied in a freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were exposed to 5.0 mg/L Zn, 1.0 mg/L Cd, and 5.0 mg/L Zn+1.0 mg/L Cd mixtures for 7 and 14 days to determine levels of biochemical parameters and metals in blood serum. The individual and combined effects of metals caused an increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and in levels of albumin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, cortisol, glucose, and total protein, whereas they caused a decrease in cholesterol levels. At both exposure periods, increased ALT activity of fish exposed to Cd was higher compared with the Zn and Zn+Cd groups, respectively. The decreased ch... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543930 Mon, 01 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543929&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19488802%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to investigate the potential toxicological effects of EDCs that may be present in the Reedy River watershed using a set of biomarkers measured in indigenous fish to characterize the exposure and biological effects of these contaminants. Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) were collected during three different sampling seasons (spring, summer, and fall) from several sites along the length of the Reedy River and from an unimpacted site at Lake Robinson. Fish were analyzed for xenoestrogenic exposure (estrogenic effect of bile extracts) and effects (vitellogenin production in juvenile fish), which were compared to the hepatosomatic index as a general health parameter. Samples downstream of Greenville, especially downstream of the wastewater treatment facilities, wer... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543929 Mon, 01 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543932&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19475365%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, cadmium and lead lowered the viability and development of buffalo oocytes but at a concentration higher than that estimated in the body fluids and environment. Cadmium was found to be more ovotoxic than lead. PMID: 19475365 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543932 Wed, 27 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543934&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19471990%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen S, Ma Y, Chen L, Wang L, Guo H Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of aqueous Pb(II) by bone char meal (BM) and phosphate rock (PR) were investigated using batch experiments. Pb removal was characterized and effects of pH and reaction time on Pb removal efficiency by BM/PR were also investigated. Results indicated that Pb removal efficiency by BM and PR is mainly controlled by dissolution of phosphatic components associated with apatite, followed by subsequent precipitation of geochemically stable pyromorphite [Pb(10) (PO(4))(6)(OH,Cl)(2)]. Sorption kinetics results indicated that Pb sorption onto BM or PR was generally biphasic, with initially fast reactions followed by slow and continuous reactions. Pb removal efficiency by BM and PR increased with increasing pH except at... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543934 Tue, 26 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543937&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19468665%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the excretions of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in male Sprague-Dawley rats gavaged consecutively for 28 days were investigated and compared. The faster elimination rate in urine compared to feces indicated that urinary excretion is the primary clearance route in rats for either PFOA or PFOS. During the first 24 h after administration of PFOA (5 and 20 mg/kg body weight/day), about 24.7-29.6% of the oral dose was excreted through urine and feces, while for PFOS, the excretion amounts were only 2.6-2.8% of the total gavaged doses (5 and 20 mg/kg body weight/day). The excretion rates of both PFCs increased with increasing exposure doses. The higher elimination rate of PFOA through excretion indicated its lower accumulation in rats, thus ind... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543937 Mon, 25 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543935&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19468667%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Waliszewski SM, Valencia Quintana R, Corona CA, Herrero M, Sánchez K, Aguirre H, Aldave IA, Gomez Arroyo S, Villalobos Pietrini R Since the discovery of insecticide properties of DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane) and HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane), they have provided great benefits to humans in sanitary actions to combat the spread of infection-borne disease vectors. Public Health Programs in Mexico used DDT and HCH until 1999 as the insecticides of choice to control disease-transmitting organisms. Because of their persistence and accumulative properties, organochlorine pesticides bioconcentrate in lipids of the human body, reflecting the rate of environmental exposure. Eighty human abdominal adipose tissue samples from Veracruz and 80 samples from Puebla w... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543935 Mon, 25 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543938&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19466477%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we investigated urinary As metabolites (inorganic As, MMA[V], DMA[V]) and some biological indexes such as AST, GSH, GPX, lipid peroxidation, and uric acid in volunteer study subjects (seven males and nine females). Total urinary As metabolites were analyzed by the hydride generation method, followed by arsenic speciation using HPLC with ICP-mass spectrometry. Study subjects refrained from eating seafood for 3 days prior to the first urine collection and then ingested seafood daily for 6 consecutive days. The first voided urine of the morning was collected from each subject the first day of the consecutive 6 days of seafood ingestion but prior to the first seafood meal. The first voided urine of the morning was also collected on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, and 14 after seafo... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543938 Sat, 23 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543941&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19458990%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Conti ME, Bocca B, Iacobucci M, Finoia MG, Mecozzi M, Pino A, Alimonti A Trace elements were analyzed in organisms collected at five sampling stations along coastal areas of Linosa Island, Sicily (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were measured in Posidonia oceanica L. Delile tissues, the two brown algae Padina pavonica (L.) Thivy and Cystoseira sp., and the two gastropod mollusks Monodonta turbinata Born and Patella caerulea L. Seawater samples were also collected at each site to assess soluble metal concentrations and to gain relevant information on their bioaccumulation ability. Data were processed by multivariate techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis on PCA factors. The scoreplots obt... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543941 Wed, 20 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543940&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19458991%26dopt%3DAbstract This study assessed the Hg genotoxicity in Golden grey mullets (Liza aurata) at Laranjo basin, a particularly contaminated area of Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) well known for its Hg contamination gradient. (1) Fish were seasonally caught at Laranjo basin and at a reference site (S. Jacinto), and (2) animals from the reference site were transplanted and caged (at bottom and surface), for 3 days, in two different locations within Laranjo basin. Using the comet assay, blood was analyzed for genetic damage and apoptotic cell frequency. The seasonal survey showed greater DNA damage in the Hg-contaminated area for all sampling seasons excluding winter. The temporal variation pattern of DNA lesions was: summer approximately autumn > winter > spring. Fish caged at Laranjo also exhibited greater ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543940 Wed, 20 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543943&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19424743%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moon HB, Kim HS, Choi M, Choi HG Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in 26 types of seafood commonly consumed by the general Korean population. The concentrations of total and carcinogenic PAHs ranged from 12.3 to 243 ng/g dry weight and from 0.21 to 18.4 ng/g dry weight, respectively, similar to those reported in other countries. The lower-molecular-weight aromatics, such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, and fluorine, predominated in the seafood samples. Estimated intakes of PAHs by seafood consumption for the general population, for men, and for women were 15.3, 16.7, and 13.8 ng/kg body weight/d, respectively. Squid, mackerel, and yellow croaker contributed to the highest intakes of PAHs. Among the 8 age groups investigated, children age ... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543943 Thu, 07 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2543944&cid=s_37547_55_f&fid=37547&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19418090%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was conducted to find an appropriate approach for the assessment of bioavailability of DDTs in soil to both earthworm and vegetables. Four chemical approaches-Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane, n-butanol agitation extraction, water agitation extraction, and matrix solid-phase microextraction (matrix-SPME)-were used to assess the relationships between the extractability of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE), 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl) ethane (o,p'-DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p'-DDD), and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p'-DDT) in soil and their amounts uptaken by the earthworm (Eisenia foetida), Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. spp.), and cole (Brassica napus L.). These results indic... Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2543944 Tue, 05 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2543944