MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 06:42:45 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5666439&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fepj75321728010mh%2F Abstract  Microvesicles (or MVs) are plasma membrane-derived vesicles released from most eukaryotic cells constitutively during early apoptosis or at higher levels after chemical or physical stress conditions. This review looks at some of the functions of MVs in terms of intercellular communication and ensuant signal transduction, including the transport of proteins (unconventional protein export) as well as of mRNA and microRNA. MVs also have roles in membrane repair, the removal of misfolded proteins, and in the control of apoptosis. We also discuss the role MVs have been shown to have in invasive growth and metastasis as well as in hypoxia in tumours and cerebral ischaemia. The association of MVs in infectious and autoimmune disease is also summarised together with their... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5666439 Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:10:48 +0100 5666439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5666438&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn651x12k28w7027v%2F Abstract  The activity of cytoskeletal proteins like talin, vinculin and nestin increases in muscle that regenerates. Little is known about their role or at least their expression in the process of regeneration in masticatory muscles of mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. To determine a potential role of cytoskeletal proteins in the regeneration process of mdx masticatory muscles, we examined the expression of talin 1, talin 2, vinculin and nestin in 100-day-old control and mdx mice using quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot analyses and histochemistry. The protein expression of talin 1, talin 2, nestin and vinculin in mdx muscles remained unchanged as compared with normal mice. However, in mdx masseter it was found a relative increase of nestin compared to contr... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5666438 Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:10:48 +0100 5666438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5666440&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fvq837716144575g4%2F Abstract  Antibodies have been the cornerstone of treatment of acquired aplastic anemia for more than 25 years. Treatment with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is considered pivotal and the addition of cyclosporine improves the overall response rate. This antibody is heterogeneous and horse ATG is apparently more effective than rabbit ATG. Several issues remain unsolved in relation to the combination of ATG and cyclosporine: cost, toxicity and late clonal disorders. In recent years, alternative immunosuppressive therapy has been proposed and new antibodies have emerged: porcine ATG, alemtuzumab, daclizumab, and rituximab. Experience with these antibodies is limited to a few studies with alemtuzumab being the most promising, but the results are interesting and provocative. ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5666440 Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:10:31 +0100 5666440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5666441&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8w21p273g1p4m844%2F Abstract  Septic syndromes are the main cause of death in the intensive care units and although the mortality rates is slowly decreasing, the occurrence of the disease has been increasing. The pathogenesis of sepsis includes countless disturbances of the host immune system starting with a harmful, infection-triggered exaggerated inflammatory cascade, followed by the development of an immunoparalysis state. The latter contributes to the failure in pathogen eradication and leads to secondary infections, which are often the cause of fatal complications. In this review, we consider different novel therapeutic strategies for restoration of immune function. The use of glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulins, heparin, recombinant human activated protein C, granulocyte macroph... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5666441 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:11:05 +0100 5666441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5596680&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fptk72183u094p282%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory AnnouncementPages 79-79DOI 10.1007/s00005-011-0160-z Journal Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae ExperimentalisOnline ISSN 1661-4917Print ISSN 0004-069X Journal Volume Volume 60 Journal Issue Volume 60, Number 1 (Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis) Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5596680 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 17:47:00 +0100 5596680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514902&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe317x412864rm282%2F Abstract  Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is suggested to be a “two hit” event, resulting from priming and activation of pulmonary neutrophils. It is known that neutrophil activation may result from infusion of lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs) accumulated during storage of blood components. The aim of our study was to verify whether the LysoPCs are released into the storage medium of blood components. We measured the LysoPCs concentration in the supernatants from stored apheresis platelet concentrates (PLTs), packed non-leukoreduced red blood cell concentrates (RBCs), leukoreduced red blood cell concentrates (L-RBCs), fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and donor plasma (control). Lipids were separated on high-performance thin-layer chromatography, detected by pri... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514902 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 17:05:09 +0100 5514902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5486164&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr25n33lu7j3651j3%2F Abstract  Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by an immunological response against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction. Anti-AChR antibodies induce degradation of the receptor, activation of complement cascade and destruction of the post-synaptic membrane, resulting in a functional reduction of AChR availability. The pathophysiological role of autoantibodies (auto-Abs) and T helper lymphocytes has been studied in the experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) models. EAMG models have been employed to investigate the factors involved in the development of MG and to suggest new therapies aimed to preventing or modulating the ongoing disease. EAMG can be induced in susceptible mouse and rat strains, which develop clinical symptoms such as ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5486164 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 10:56:32 +0100 5486164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5486165&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg0um531275j14g10%2F Abstract  The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C as well as the effect of pegylated interferon α (PEG-IFN-α) and ribavirin treatment on neutrophil function is not precisely known. The study included 32 patients with CCH aged between 19 and 58 years (mean 33.5 years). Before and after 12 weeks of treatment with Peg-IFN-α and ribavirin, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, expression of adhesion molecules CD11b/MAC-1, CD16, CD18 and CD62L on neutrophils, as well as apoptosis and necrosis of these cells were analyzed with the use of flow cytometry. During antiviral therapy, a statistically significant decrease of mean fluorescence intensity for CD16 high and CD62 and increase for CD11b/MAC-1 along with the increased a... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5486165 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 10:56:30 +0100 5486165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5486166&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe80l21n2k31j8607%2F Abstract  It is well established that the lysophospholipid and signalling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has many important functions in immune surveillance. S1P is produced from sphingosine by two distinct sphingosine kinases, SphK1 and SphK2, and acts as an intracellular messenger and as an extracellular ligand of five G protein-coupled cell surface receptors designated S1P1–S1P5. S1P not only regulates peripheral lymphocyte circulation, but also influences their differentiation, activation, infiltration, and local positioning. The therapeutic value of modulating S1P metabolism and S1P receptor function is currently tested in clinical trials and holds great promise for treatment of different autoimmune diseases. Despite its obvious contribution to immune regulat... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5486166 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 10:52:31 +0100 5486166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5486167&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft67v1k86806114r7%2F We described the effect of peptide-loaded DCs-based immunotherapy on patient with recurrent surgically resected adenocarcinoma with bronchoalveolar feature with co-existing of Takayasu arteritis and chronic hepatitis B. In January 2010, 61-year-old patient received subcutaneously four bi-weekly vaccinations of DCs loaded with MUC1 and MAGE-3 epitopes. Additionally, he received three bi-weekly booster vaccinations after 7 months from the first course of immunotherapy. Delayed-type hypersensitivity test was positive only for MAGE-3 antigen. The evidence expansion of MAGE-3-specific CD8+ cells after first vaccination and after third vaccination during boosters injections was observed (from 0.08% before vaccination to 0.5% after first vaccination; from 0.05% before booster vaccinatio... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5486167 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 17:42:17 +0100 5486167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5486168&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F27173336315v38n7%2F Abstract  Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a major protein constituent of the primary granules of vertebrate neutrophils. It catalyses the hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation of halide ions to hypohalous acids, especially HOCl. These reactive oxygen species can participate in a variety of secondary reactions, leading to modifications of amino acids and many types of biological macromolecules. The classic paradigm views MPO as a component of the phagocyte oxygen-dependent intracellular microbicidal system, and thus an important arm of the effector phase of innate immune responses. However, the limited immunodeficiency associated with lack of MPO in mouse and human models has challenged this paradigm. In this review we examine more recent information on the interaction between MPO, ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5486168 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 17:42:16 +0100 5486168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5486169&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh03v347m85522181%2F Abstract  Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacteria, is a potent inflammatory stimulant, with high doses due to disseminated bacterial infection resulting in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and death. Lower doses can induce a state of tolerance to subsequent toxic doses of LPS, but extremely low doses have an opposite effect, priming the immune system for an even more violent response to subsequent challenge. A substantial body of research exists on the phenomenon of endotoxin tolerance, which appears to be a state of generalized dampening of inflammatory pathways. Comparatively little is known about the mechanisms or indeed the phenomenon of priming, particularly regarding the shift from a priming to a tolerizing response. Our aim is to review... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5486169 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 17:42:15 +0100 5486169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5486171&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F87n52t36kn834301%2F Abstract  Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) offers potentially curative therapy for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, as the majority of patients with MDS is in the 7th or 8th decade of life, only few of these patients were transplanted following high-dose conditioning regimens. The development of reduced-intensity conditioning has allowed to apply HCT also to older patients and those with clinically relevant comorbid conditions. Dependent upon disease status and the type of clonal chromosomal abnormalities present at the time of HCT, some 25–75% of patients will be cured of their disease and survive long term. Recent results with HLA-matched unrelated donors are comparable to those with HLA genotypically identical siblings. The increasing use ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5486171 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 17:42:13 +0100 5486171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5486170&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg54855h5gw53rn47%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory IntroductionPages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00005-011-0151-0 Journal Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae ExperimentalisOnline ISSN 1661-4917Print ISSN 0004-069X (Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis) Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5486170 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 17:42:13 +0100 5486170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5303805&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb380576450102n07%2F Abstract  Islet transplantation has the potential to cure type 1 diabetes. In recent years, the proportion of patients achieving initial insulin independence has improved, but longer term outcomes remain poor compared to those for whole pancreas transplants. This review article will discuss factors affecting islet yield and viability leading up to transplantation and in the immediate post-transplant period. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ReviewPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00005-011-0143-0Authors Natasha A. Deters, Diabetes and Transcription Factors, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, AustraliaRebecca A. Stokes, Diabetes and Transcription Factors, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Aus... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5303805 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 15:59:06 +0100 5303805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296299&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa1866q416607n523%2F Abstract  Although oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorine reactive species have been associated with disease pathogenesis, their partial absence is very harmful to the body’s innate immune defense. Lacking of adequate release of free radicals from activated phagocytes is related to impaired ability on fungi, bacteria, and protozoa killing. We constructed an updated conceptual landmark regarding the paramount role of free radicals in phagocyte defense systems (phagocyte oxidase, myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide/peroxynitrite system) on natural immunity. Diverse fungal, bacterial and protozoal pathogens evade the phagocytes’ oxidative/nitrosative burst though antioxidant genes, enzymes and proteins. The most important evasion mechanisms were also described and discussed. These i... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296299 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 05:44:36 +0100 5296299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296298&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj50n1t66530k7k38%2F Abstract  PU.1 is an E26 transformation-specific family transcription factor that is required for development of the immune system. PU.1 functions at both early and late stages of lymphoid and myeloid differentiation. At least 110 direct target genes of PU.1 have been identified since its discovery in 1988. We used the published literature to determine if aspects of PU.1 function can be inferred from the identity of target genes that are directly activated. This analysis revealed that 61% of described PU.1 target genes encode extracellular proteins or transmembrane proteins, most of which are involved in cellular communication. The genes activated by PU.1 can be grouped into pathways based on function. Specific examples of cellular communication pathways regulated by PU.1 i... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296298 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 05:44:36 +0100 5296298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296300&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr0121u9170q7r351%2F Abstract  Innate immunity appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis C. Among various cell subsets of this immunity natural killer (NK) cells raised particular interest. These cells are abundant in liver, possess significant cytotoxic potential and show links with adaptive immunity. They play important role, particularly in the acute phase of viral infections, including hepatitis C. They exhibit various types of receptors, either inhibitory or activating, that are able to react with distinct ligands on infected cells. Homozygosity of some receptors, namely KIR2DL3 reacting with recipient HLA-C1 antigens is a herald of good prognosis in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In the early stage of the latter, both the prevalence and the cytotoxicity ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296300 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 05:44:35 +0100 5296300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296301&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg61482mj303q844q%2F Abstract  Several reports have brought to light new and interesting findings on the involvement of autophagy and apoptosis in pathogenesis of viral and bacterial diseases, as well as presentation of foreign antigens. Our model studies focused on the involvement of apoptosis during replication of highly virulent Moscow strain of ectromelia virus (ECTV-MOS). Here, we show evidence that autophagy is induced during mousepox replication in a cell line. Fluorescence microscopy revealed increase of LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) aggregation in infected as opposed to non-infected control L929 cells. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that replication of ECTV-MOS in L929 cells led to the increase in LC3-II (marker of autophagic activity) expression. Becl... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296301 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 05:44:33 +0100 5296301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5284694&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F065003q62p7lxj61%2F Abstract  Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an autoimmune disease with an inflammatory pathogenesis. The angiogenetic phenomenon is a mechanism at the base of the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory processes. The aim of this research is to evaluate the angiogenetic phenomenon, comparing an in vitro method with an in vivo one. Thirty OLP patients and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Immunohistochemical analysis of the vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular-endothelial adhesion molecules were carried out by the means of primary antibodies and anti-CD34, anti-VEGF, anti-CD106 antigen (VCAM-1) and anti-CD54 antigen (ICAM-1). Capillary density and others capillaroscopic parameters were tested in vivo using oral videocapillaroscopy. The results reveal t... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5284694 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 06:45:55 +0100 5284694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5284695&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyh67711g6060222q%2F This report describes the detection and treatment of human adenovirus (HAdVs) disseminated disease in the case of a 46-year-old immunocompromised female having myelodysplastic syndrome with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia: International Prognostic Scoring System 1. Serum and urine samples were tested for the presence of adenoviral DNA using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. For additional confirmation, sequencing of PCR products was also performed. With real-time PCR, we detected HAdV DNA in both serum and urine samples. The viral level constantly decreased with applied oral ribavirin therapy. As the result of sequencing, HAdVs type 11 was determined. Surveillance of adenovirus by real-time PCR is useful in detecting and monitoring di... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5284695 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 06:45:54 +0100 5284695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5284696&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa1214765g2m21l48%2F Abstract  Recently, there has been an increase of interest in the use of biological or immune-based therapies for patients with malignancies. This has been informed by the deeper understanding of the crosstalk between the host immune system and malignant tumours, as well as the potential advantages of immunotherapy—high specificity and less toxicity compared to standard approaches. The particular emphasis of this article is on the role of the complement system in tumour growth and antibody-based cancer immunotherapy. The functional consequences from overexpression of complement regulators by tumours and the development of strategies for overcoming this are discussed in detail. This review discusses these issues with a view to inspiring the development of new agents that c... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5284696 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 06:31:57 +0100 5284696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5160590&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F75417652gv22j867%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory AbstractsPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00005-011-0141-2 Journal Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae ExperimentalisOnline ISSN 1661-4917Print ISSN 0004-069X (Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis) Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5160590 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 16:03:50 +0100 5160590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5131380&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F615k733k16517887%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00005-011-0142-1Authors Pawel Kisielow, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland Journal Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae ExperimentalisOnline ISSN 1661-4917Print ISSN 0004-069X (Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis) Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5131380 Sat, 13 Aug 2011 06:07:12 +0100 5131380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5108700&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr474u441v6561120%2F Abstract  The mechanisms of correcting immune disorders in patients with pancreatic cancer requiring major surgery procedures by introducing perioperative immune-enhancing diet (immunonutrition) are still unclear. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of pancreatic cancer, extensive surgery and immunonutrition versus enteral standard nutrition on the apoptotic signaling pathways. The randomized studies were performed in 72 patients before and after pancreatic cancer resection with preoperative standard (Group I) or enteral immunonutrition (Group II). The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, caspases-3, -9, NF-κB, PARP-1/89 kDa, TNFR1/CD120a and Fas/CD95 in peripheral blood lymphocytes were assessed by western blot analysis and flow cytometry before and on day 1,... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5108700 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 05:53:31 +0100 5108700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086751&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc687162524534418%2F Abstract  The pathogenesis of recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) is unknown, although an abnormal immune reaction appears to be involved. RAU may result from oral epithelium damage caused by T cell-mediated immune response. To improve understanding of the role of T cells in RAU, the present study analyzed. the expression of T cell-related genes in oral ulcers from patients with RAU, as well as in healthy non-keratinized oral mucosa from aphthae-free volunteers. Biopsies from RAU patients and healthy individuals were analyzed using Human Th1-Th2-Th3 RT2 Profiler PCR Array and qRT-PCR that allowed to quantify the transcript levels of 86 genes related to T cell activation. We found that cells present in aphthous ulcers express a characteristic Th1-like gene profile. The majori... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086751 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 16:06:53 +0100 5086751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086752&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy7m68n7052838357%2F Abstract  HLA-E belongs to the non-classical HLA (class Ib family) broadly defined by a limited polymorphism and a restricted pattern of cellular expression. So far, only two functional alleles differing at only one amino acid position (non-synonymous mutation) in the α2 heavy chain domain, where an arginine in position 107 in HLA-E*0101 is replaced by a glycine in HLA-E*0103, have been reported. The interaction between non-classical HLA-E molecule and CD94/NKG2A receptor plays a crucial role in the immunological response involving natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. All proteins forming CD94/NKG2 receptors are encoded by genes situated in the same cluster on chromosome 12, allowing tight control over the order of their expression. The inhibitory members... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086752 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 15:56:20 +0100 5086752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086756&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn85756664k51w182%2F Abstract  Adult stem cells typically generate the cell types of the tissue in which they reside, and thus the range of their differentiation is considered limited. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are different from other somatic stem cells in that they differentiate not only into the same mesodermal-lineage such as bone, cartilage, and adipocytes but also into other lineages of ectodermal and endodermal cells. Thus, MSCs are a unique type of adult stem cells. In addition, MSCs home to damaged sites, differentiate into cells specific to the tissue and contribute to tissue repair. Therefore, application of MSCs in the treatment of various diseases, including liver dysfunction, myocardial infarction, and central nervous system repair, has been initiated. Because MSCs... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086756 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 05:48:59 +0100 5086756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086754&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx372800455853313%2F Abstract  It is crucial for the immune system to minimise the number of circulating mature self-reactive B cells, in order to reduce the potential for the development of autoantibody-related autoimmune diseases. Studies of animal models have identified two major checkpoints that ensure that such cells do not contribute to the naïve B cell repertoire. The first is in the bone marrow as B cells develop and the second is in the spleen; B cells that are released from the bone marrow as transitional B cells go through more stringent selection in the spleen before they develop into mature naïve B cells. Transitional B cells and their maturation have mostly been studied in mice. However, recent studies characterised human transitional B cells and found considerable differences t... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086754 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 05:48:59 +0100 5086754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5069456&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fvrrm104n6882r57g%2F Abstract  Rel/NF-κB transcription factors play a key role in modulating the response of immunoregulatory genes including cytokines and chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, acute phase proteins, and anti-microbial peptides. Furthermore, an array of genes important for angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis is also regulated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Close association of NF-κB with inflammation and tumorigenesis makes it an attractive target for basic research as well as for pharmaceutical industries. Studies involving various animal and cellular models have revealed the importance of NF-κB in pathobiology of lung diseases. This review (a) describes structures, activities, and regulation of NF-κB family members; (b) provides information which implicates NF-κB ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5069456 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 05:33:55 +0100 5069456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4935763&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa18480313g106644%2F Abstract  The idea that vaccination can be used to fight cancer is not new. Approximately 100 years ago, researchers attempted to stimulate a tumor-specific, therapeutic immune response to tumors by injecting patients with cells and extracts from their own tumors, or tumors of the same type from different individuals. During the last decade, great efforts have been made to develop immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of malignant diseases as alternatives to traditional chemo- and radiotherapy. A quintessential goal of immunotherapy in cancer is treatment with vaccines that elicit potent anti-tumor immune responses without side effects. In this article, we have attempted to review some of the most problematic issues facing the development of cancer vaccines. W... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4935763 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 05:44:38 +0100 4935763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4935764&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr836x187n8h0pm12%2F Abstract  Infection with Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), including O157:H7, causes bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis in humans, occasionally resulting in fatal systemic complications, such as neurological damage and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Because Stx is a major virulence factor of the infectious disease, a series of Shiga toxin neutralizers with various structural characteristics has been developed as promising therapeutic agents. Most of these agents function to bind to the toxin directly and inhibit the binding to its receptor present on the target cells. Other neutralizers do not inhibit receptor binding but induce aberrant intracellular transport of the toxin, resulting in effective detoxification. Such a novel type of Stx neutralizer provi... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4935764 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 05:44:37 +0100 4935764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903351&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm31255r854380148%2F Abstract   Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Spirochaetes) is a group of at least 12 closely related species, some of which are responsible for chronic zoonotic infection that may cause Lyme disease. The only experimentally confirmed vector transmitting Borrelia to mammals is the Ixodes ticks. Borrelia is a highly adapted pathogen that can survive in the host organism in spite of the intense immune responses. Some patients have chronic long-lasting complications despite antibiotic therapy, probably due to adverse effects of the immune responses. A preventive vaccine against this bacterium has not been available due to the relatively broad spectrum and antigenic variability of Borrelia-surface lipoproteins and the different epitope recognition by experimental animals and human... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903351 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 06:06:22 +0100 4903351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903353&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcu0m219v8h21g554%2F This study identified an increased frequency of CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ Tregs in patients with HCC. The elevated serum IL-10, TGF-β1 levels also correlated with impaired antitumor responses in these patients. Further effort is needed to establish new immunotherapeutic strategies designed to modulate Tregs to promote a competent antitumor response. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00005-011-0127-0Authors Xi Feng, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, ChinaBo Li, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, ChinaHui Ye, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, C... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903353 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 06:06:21 +0100 4903353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903352&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl034p5nn77116621%2F Abstract  One of the most important roles of apoptosis is the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Impairment of apoptosis leads to a number of pathological conditions. In response to apoptotic signals, various proteins are activated in a pathway and signal-specific manner. Recently, the pro-apoptotic molecule Bim has attracted increasing attention as a pivotal regulator of tissue homeostasis. The Bim expression level is strictly controlled in both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. This control is dependent on cell, tissue and apoptotic stimuli. The phenotype of Bim-deficient mice is a systemic lupus erythematosus-like autoimmune disease with an abnormal accumulation of hematopoietic cells. Bim is thus a critical regulator of hematopoietic cells and immune syst... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903352 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 06:06:21 +0100 4903352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903354&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu2hh208l58238769%2F Abstract  Post-radiation inflammatory reaction leads to an irreversible pulmonary fibrosis which may cause lethal respiratory insufficiency. Pathological inflammatory and fibrotic changes might be attenuated by inhibiting tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α activity using TNF-α soluble receptors. Thus, an experimental antifibrotic gene therapy with the plasmid vector encoding a mouse soluble receptor I for TNF-α (psTNFR-I) was assessed. Soluble TNFR-I encoding gene was cloned into pcDNA3.1 plasmid. The ability of psTNFR-I expressing vector to transfect cells, and its biological activity in vitro and in vivo were examined by PCR, RT-PCR, MTT assay and ELISA. The C57Bl/6J mice received single intramuscular injection of psTNFR-I, conjugated with polyetylenimine (PEI) 25 kDa... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903354 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 06:06:19 +0100 4903354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903355&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn74568k64735n867%2F Abstract  Hypoxia that originates from disturbed growth of solid tumors initiates a cascade of intracellular events engaging hypoxia-inducible factors, HIF-1 and HIF-2. Overexpression of HIF has been confirmed in solid tumors and was unfortunately accompanied with chemo- and radioresistance observed in many patients. Multiple cellular pathways resulting in HIF activation could be successfully inhibited by use of different kinds of drugs (e.g. topotecan, heat shock protein 90 and mTOR inhibitors, YC-1, pleurotin or 2-methoxyestradiol), which are being subjected into intensive investigation in clinical trials. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00005-011-0132-3Authors Jacek Wilczynski, Polish Mother’s Health Center Research Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, 9... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903355 Mon, 30 May 2011 16:43:13 +0100 4903355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903356&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw6u407r2p2237066%2F Abstract  The process of chronic inflammation is a common link which connects different kinds of environmental pollutants and infections with tumorigenesis. Transcription factor NF-κB is a common final target for many inflammatory and cell proliferation pathways, independent of the source of stimuli (e.g., cytokines, growth factors, environmental carcinogens, radiation, hypoxia, bacteria, and viruses). Over-activation of NF-κB has been confirmed in many tumors, resulting in worse prognosis for patient survival. Therefore, inhibition of cellular pathways for NF-κB activation is nowadays considered as a promising anti-cancer therapy and is extensively studied in clinical trials, or even has been adopted as an approved therapy in some kinds of cancer. Content Type Journ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903356 Mon, 30 May 2011 16:43:09 +0100 4903356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4709576&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F35554213664n587j%2F Abstract  Phosphatidylserine (PS), which is normally located on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, translocates to the outer leaflet at the early stage of apoptosis. The PS externalization provides a signal for phagocytes to initiate uptake of apoptotic cells. After phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, phagocytes induce the secretion of anti-inflammatory mediators including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PS-containing liposomes (PSLs) can mimic the effects of apoptotic cells on phagocytes to induce the secretion of PGE2. PSLs induce the PGE2 secretion from microglia without induction of either cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 or microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1. PSLs are found to rather utilize COX-1/mPGES-2 system to produce PGE2 secretion and then shift microglia and macrop... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4709576 Sat, 09 Apr 2011 15:47:58 +0100 4709576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4685365&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj230x13318546130%2F Abstract  Oligodendrocytes are the primary source of myelin in the adult central nervous system (CNS), and their dysfunction or loss underlies several diseases of both children and adults. Dysmyelinating and demyelinating diseases are thus attractive targets for cell-based strategies since replacement of a single presumably homogeneous cell type has the potential to restore functional levels of myelin. To understand the obstacles that cell-replacement therapy might face, we review oligodendrocyte biology and emphasize aspects of oligodendrocyte development that will need to be recapitulated by exogenously transplanted cells, including migration from the site of transplantation, axon recognition, terminal differentiation, axon wrapping, and myelin production and maintenance.... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4685365 Sat, 02 Apr 2011 05:51:05 +0100 4685365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664156&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhw20347042hn4134%2F Abstract  Diabetes and cancer are diseases which take the size of an epidemic spread across the globe. Those diseases are influenced by many factors, both genetic and environmental. Precise knowledge of the complex relationships and interactions between these two conditions is of great importance for their prevention and treatment. Many epidemiological studies have shown that certain types of cancer, especially gastrointestinal cancers (pancreas, liver, colon) and also the urinary and reproductive system cancers in women are more common in patients with diabetes or related metabolic disorders. There are also studies showing the inverse relationship between diabetes and cancer, or the lack of it, but they are less numerous and relate mainly to prostate cancer or squamous cel... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664156 Tue, 29 Mar 2011 17:36:23 +0100 4664156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664157&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F478242t25p5p2728%2F Abstract  The colonization of humans with commensals is critical for our well-being. This tightly regulated symbiotic relationship depends on the flora and an intact mucosal immune system. A disturbance of either compound can cause intestinal inflammation. This review summarizes extrinsic and intrinsic factors contributing to intestinal dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-17DOI 10.1007/s00005-011-0122-5Authors Johannes Stephani, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr, 8/1, 89031 Ulm, GermanyKatarina Radulovic, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr, 8/1, 89031 Ulm, GermanyJan Hendrik Niess, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr, 8/1, 89031 Ulm, Germany ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664157 Tue, 29 Mar 2011 07:03:45 +0100 4664157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4653917&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk04812n2x707673u%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s00005-011-0121-6Authors Maria Siemionow, Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/Desk A-60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA Journal Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae ExperimentalisOnline ISSN 1661-4917Print ISSN 0004-069X (Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis) Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4653917 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 05:55:05 +0100 4653917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4653916&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fct4n26258423p344%2F Abstract  The deficiency of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins in plasma membranes of PIG-A gene mutated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is so far insufficient to explain the domination of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) clone over the normal HSC. We attempted to elucidate possible link between MHC and initial severe aplastic anemia (ISAA/PNH) type and non-aplastic (n/PNH) outcome of PNH. In 50 PNH patients assigned as ISAA/PNH (n = 13), n/PNH (n = 33) or nonassigned (n = 4) and 200 ethnically matched controls we analyzed MHC associations. Our data confirmed strong associations of DRB1*15:01 (RR = 3.51, p = 0.0011) and DQB1*06:02 (RR = 7.09, p = 0.000026) alleles, especially with ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4653916 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 05:55:05 +0100 4653916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4653918&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg7h1v7n1r124j007%2F Abstract  There are many instances where males and females differ in the susceptibility to infections. The reason for these differences in susceptibility is multifactorial. The primary cause is thought to be due to differences induced by sex hormones and their effects on gene expression as well as the immune system, but may also be due to innate physiological differences between males and females. This review summarizes gender specific differences seen in infections caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. Ultimately, gender specific differences appear to be dependent on the microbe causing the infection, as not every infection with a specific microbial type results in increased susceptibility of one gender over the other. This suggests that there is an interaction... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4653918 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 18:55:21 +0100 4653918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4513027&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh2133m7019524507%2F Abstract  Chemokines proved able to induce release of enzymes relevant in cartilage damage. The present study addressed the levels of CXCL8 and CCL5 and the potential role of these chemokines in predicting the morphological changes in the course of osteoarthritis (OA). Synovial fluid (SF) and blood serum were obtained from 20 patients undergoing knee replacement surgery because of OA. For comparison, samples were also obtained from another 20 patients during diagnostic or therapeutic arthroscopy performed because of knee injury. The samples were analyzed for CXCL8 and CCL5 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SF from the group with OA showed significantly (p = 0.024) increased levels of CXCL8 when compared with the group after knee injury. We have not demonstra... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4513027 Sat, 19 Feb 2011 06:55:39 +0100 4513027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4495793&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn068412406507116%2F Abstract  Synovial mesenchymal cells, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and osteoclasts are the three major players directly responsible for the pathogenesis of rheumatoid joint destruction. First, synovial mesenchymal cells, internally driven by a transcription factor c-Fos/AP-1, not only directly invade cartilage and bone as a granulation tissue called “pannus” but also release inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. IL-1β induces MMPs and activates osteoclasts. Synovial cells can also present antigen to T cells to drive antigen-specific immune responses. Second, cartilaginous joint matrix can only be degraded after the first attack of collagen fibrils by MMPs, and importantly, most of the MMPs are under the control of c-Fos/AP-1 and IL-1β as well. Third, differ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4495793 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 06:59:42 +0100 4495793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4470874&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F06p621012u524l11%2F Abstract  Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the commonest genetically inherited diseases in the world. It is characterized by recurrent respiratory tract infections eventually leading to respiratory failure. One of the hallmarks of this disease is a persistent and predominantly neutrophil driven inflammation. Neutrophils provide the first line of defence by killing and digesting phagocytosed bacteria and fungi, yet despite advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of CF, there remains a paradox of why recruited CF neutrophils fail to eradicate bacterial infections in the lung. This review describes mechanisms involved in neutrophil migration, microbial killing and apoptosis leading to inflammatory resolution. We discuss dysregulated neutrophil activity ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4470874 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 19:58:57 +0100 4470874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4451020&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F23360196858j6027%2F Abstract  T lymphocytes expressing the γδ-type of T cell receptors (TCRs) for antigens contribute to all aspects of immune responses, including defenses against viruses, bacteria, parasites and tumors, allergy and autoimmunity. Multiple subsets have been individualized in humans as well as in mice and they appear to recognize in a TCR-dependent manner antigens as diverse as small non-peptidic molecules, soluble or membrane-anchored polypeptides and molecules related to MHC antigens on cell surfaces, implying diverse modes of antigen recognition. We review here the γδ TCR ligands which have been identified along the years and their characteristics, with emphasis on a few systems which have been extensively studied such as human γδ T cells responding to phosphoantigens ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4451020 Sun, 06 Feb 2011 06:36:43 +0100 4451020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4451022&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Feq27v97176751880%2F Abstract  Septic infections in patients treated in intensive care units show the highest mortality rates. Despite advances in treatment methods, there is still no therapy available to efficiently reduce the excessive inflammatory response, which can increase the risk of multiple organ failure. One of the ways to discover new, more efficient treatment methods involves regulating the mechanisms of inflammatory response to a massive infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns play a significant role in innate antibacterial and inflammatory responses. The regulatory impact of immunonutrition on TLR expression in septic patients seems to be a promising research direction. This paper presents the main mechanisms for the innate immun... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4451022 Sat, 05 Feb 2011 16:56:32 +0100 4451022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4451021&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn715127643452646%2F Abstract  Neutrophils are the first line of defense against bacterial and mycotic pathogens. In order to reach the pathogens, neutrophils need to transmigrate through the vascular endothelium and migrate to the site of infection. Defense strategies against pathogens include phagocytosis, production and release of oxygen radicals through the oxidative burst, and degranulation of antimicrobial and inflammatory molecules. Protein kinase C (PKC)-δ is required for full assembly of NADPH oxidase and activation of the respiratory burst. Neutrophils also express PKC-α and -β, which may be involved in adhesion, degranulation and phagocytosis, but the evidence is not conclusive yet. This review focuses on the potential impact of protein kinase C isoforms on neutrophil adhesion and... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4451021 Sat, 05 Feb 2011 16:56:32 +0100 4451021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4451023&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw1637447m2p01233%2F Abstract  This review summarizes the physiological roles of the renal sulfate transporters NaS1 (Slc13a1) and Sat1 (Slc26a1). NaS1 and Sat1 encode renal anion transporters that mediate proximal tubular sulfate reabsorption and thereby regulate blood sulfate levels. Targeted disruption of murine NaS1 and Sat1 leads to hyposulfatemia and hypersulfaturia. Sat1 null mice also exhibit hyperoxalemia, hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Dysregulation of NaS1 and Sat1 leads to hypersulfaturia, hyposulfatemia and liver damage. Loss of Sat1 leads additionally to hyperoxaluria with hyperoxalemia, nephrocalcinosis and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. These data indicate that the renal anion transporters NaS1 and Sat1 are essential for sulfate and oxalate homeostasis, respective... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4451023 Sat, 05 Feb 2011 16:56:30 +0100 4451023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4415183&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm613757108ru6g35%2F Abstract  Known as a link to the adaptive immune system, a complement regulator, a “pathogen magnet” and more recently as an inducer of autophagy, CD46 is the human receptor that refuses to be put in a box. This review summarizes the current roles of CD46 during immune responses and highlights the role of CD46 as both a promoter and attenuator of the immune response. In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), CD46 responses are overwhelmingly pro-inflammatory with notable defects in cytokine and chemokine production. Understanding the role of CD46 as an inflammatory regulator is a distant goal considering the darkness in which its regulatory mechanisms reside. Further research into the regulation of CD46 expression through its internalization and processing will undoubte... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4415183 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 19:50:29 +0100 4415183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400385&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0878mr7470869k03%2F Abstract  Lyme disease is an infectious, multi-system, tick-borne disease caused by genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria sensu lato, characterized by remarkable heterogeneity. In this situation choosing an optimal antigen array for diagnostic tests seems problematic. The serological tests for borrelia routinely done in laboratories often produce ambiguous results, which makes a proper diagnosis rather complicated and thus delays the implementation of an appropriate treatment regimen. Thirty-seven outpatients and eight inpatients with suspected borreliosis diagnosis hospitalized at the Clinics of the Pomeranian Medical University (Szczecin, Poland), participated in the study. In order to detect the antibodies against Borrelia sensu lato three kinds of serological tests... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400385 Sat, 22 Jan 2011 07:06:29 +0100 4400385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4383272&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm355787w26512555%2F Abstract  Over the last four decades the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has improved remarkably. However, still about 20% of children with ALL relapse despite risk-adapted polychemotherapy. The prognosis of relapsed ALL is relatively poor, even with modern aggressive chemotherapy. Identification of the biological and genetic mechanisms contributing to recurrence in patients with ALL is critical for the development of effective therapeutic strategies to treat refractory leukemic patients. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is the treatment of choice for many children with relapsed ALL. The gene expression profile obtained by microarray technology could provide important determinants of the drug response... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4383272 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 19:37:58 +0100 4383272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4356078&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl15018736086m14n%2F Abstract  Ability to perceive physiological pain is essential in protecting the individual from tissue destruction. In contrast, pathological chronic pain is an expression of maladaptive alterations outlasting its biological usefulness. In such conditions even eating, speaking or wearing clothes might be painful, as in neuropathic pain. Such pain is caused by diseases or injuries affecting nerves (e.g. diabetes, trigeminal neuralgia or amputation). Neuropathic pain is not an exclusive neuronal phenomenon but also involves immune responses. Damaged peripheral nerves are infiltrated by mast cells, granulocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes. It is widely emphasized that these cells, via secretion of inflammatory mediators (e.g. proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines), contribu... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4356078 Fri, 14 Jan 2011 14:29:44 +0100 4356078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4356077&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv7700nh6k870l222%2F Abstract  Ghostwriting in medicine represents a highly significant problem in both legal and ethical terms, and particularly in recent years owing to a sudden increase in the practice. The main goal in this paper is to present the legal and ethical rules connected with the ghostwriting phenomenon. The problem is presented in the context of international, European and Polish law. From a legal perspective the issues bound up with ghostwriting are those of the notion and authorship of a work, authors’ rights (both moral rights and copyright), the content of these rights and their nature, as well as the question of the transfer of such rights. From the point of view of ethics there arises a need for reflection on honesty, accuracy and credibility as defined both generally and... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4356077 Fri, 14 Jan 2011 14:29:44 +0100 4356077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4356079&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fung3266p71nw0774%2F The objective of this review is to present an overview of the great diversity of CD40 agonists used in in vitro models of B-lymphocyte activation, with a particular emphasis on variations in the resulting strength of CD40 signaling generated by these models. A better understanding of these models could open up new avenues for the rational use of human B lymphocytes as antigen-presenting cells in cellular therapies. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-16DOI 10.1007/s00005-010-0108-8Authors Sonia Néron, Ingénierie cellulaire, Recherche et développement, Héma-Québec, 1070 avenue des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec, QC G1V 5C3, CanadaPhilippe J. Nadeau, Ingénierie cellulaire, Recherche et développement, Héma-Québec, 1070 avenue des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec, QC G1V 5C3, Canad... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4356079 Fri, 14 Jan 2011 14:29:33 +0100 4356079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4356080&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk78371r562230638%2F Abstract  The innate immune system is essential for the first line of host defense against micropathogens. In virus-infected cells, exposed viral nucleotides are sensed by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), resulting in the induction of type I interferon. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs) are a member of PRRs and are known to be crucial molecules in innate immune responses. Upon viral recognition, RLRs recruit their specific adaptor molecules, leading to the activation of antiviral signaling molecules including interferon regulatory factor-3 and nuclear factor-κB. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein is also known as one of the adaptor molecules responsible for antiviral signaling triggered by RLRs. Recent reports have identified numerous ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4356080 Fri, 14 Jan 2011 14:29:27 +0100 4356080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4046272&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd802364w75043t0x%2F Abstract  The immunological background for the process of tumor growth is still obscure. However, our understanding of what happens could have important consequences, namely in the context of cancer immunotherapy. A tumor is able to grow in the host environment either because it is recognizable as normal tissue and tolerated by host immune cells, or because it can “escape” from host immunosurveillance. According to the second option the mechanisms of tumor recognition and consequent destruction are actively disturbed by such processes as: change of tumor immunogenicity, production of tumor-derived regulatory molecules, and interaction of cancer cells with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. The results of studies devoted to the problem of immunoregulation in the tumor envi... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4046272 Tue, 05 Oct 2010 05:49:27 +0100 4046272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4032182&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr7988xkm3wu37t37%2F Abstract  Developmental patterning of antigen receptor gene assembly in lymphocyte precursors correlates with decondensation of the chromatin surrounding individual gene segments. Ongoing V(D)J recombination is associated with hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4 and the expression of sterile germline transcripts across the region of recombinational accessibility. Likewise, histone acetyltransferase and SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes each appear to be required for recombination, and the PHD-finger of RAG-2 preferentially associates with recombination signal sequence (RSS) chromatin that contains H3 trimethylated on lysine 4. However, the regulatory mechanisms that direct chromatin alteration and rearrangement have proven elusive, due in large part to the interdepe... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4032182 Sat, 02 Oct 2010 05:56:10 +0100 4032182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4019014&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv2650044661v52p1%2F This article will review what is currently known about how disturbances of iron metabolism can affect immunity and how activation of the immune system can lead to alterations in iron balance. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-010-0095-9Authors Bobby J. Cherayil, Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 114, 16th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA Journal Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae ExperimentalisOnline ISSN 1661-4917Print ISSN 0004-069X (Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis) Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4019014 Tue, 28 Sep 2010 05:49:51 +0100 4019014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4019015&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F65537034102h64h7%2F This study was performed in 24 patients with allergy to grass pollens, and in 25 healthy controls. The protocol for allergen-induced basophil CD164 upregulation consisted of whole blood samples processing and staining with anti-CCR3/anti-CD164 antibodies added to a buffer at the beginning of stimulation. We observed dose-dependent allergen-induced basophil CD164 upregulation with 100% of specificity in both used allergen concentrations (12 and 1.2 ng/ml). Higher allergen concentration resulted in 100% and lower concentration in only 70.83% sensitivity. We have observed in the patients statistically significant correlations between anti-IgE stimulation and both allergen concentrations (for 12 ng/ml, r = 0.71, p < 0.0001; and for 1.2 ng/ml, r ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4019015 Mon, 27 Sep 2010 05:49:51 +0100 4019015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4014235&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fng3617128084726l%2F Abstract  Events ongoing in the thymus are critical for deleting developing thymocytes specific for tissue antigens, and establishing self-tolerance within the T cell compartment. Aberrant thymic negative selection, however, is believed to generate a repertoire with increased self-reactivity, which in turn can contribute to the development of T cell-mediated autoimmunity. In this review, mechanisms that regulate the efficacy of negative selection and influence the deletion of autoreactive thymocytes will be discussed. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-010-0100-3Authors Charles J. Kroger, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Mary Ellen Jones Bldg., Room 635, Campus Box 7290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290, USARafael R. Flores... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4014235 Sun, 26 Sep 2010 05:51:38 +0100 4014235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4014237&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm27x364775217275%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-010-0099-5Authors Jerome P. Kassirer, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA Journal Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae ExperimentalisOnline ISSN 1661-4917Print ISSN 0004-069X (Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis) Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4014237 Sun, 26 Sep 2010 05:51:37 +0100 4014237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4014236&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fww4227168721081t%2F Abstract  Interleukin (IL)-27 is a novel cytokine secreted by stimulated antigen-presenting cells. Initial studies on the biology of IL-27 provided evidence for its role in the initiation of TH1 responses; however, subsequent work has indicated that IL-27 has broad inhibitory effects on TH1, TH2, and TH17 subsets of T cells as well as the expansion of inducible regulatory T cells. The involvement of IL-27 in the regulation of angiogenesis and antiviral response has also recently been reported. The aim of this review is to highlight the potential areas of IL-27 clinical application, especially the management of neoplastic and viral diseases as well as autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. The review will also serve to elaborate on the mol... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4014236 Sun, 26 Sep 2010 05:51:37 +0100 4014236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4014238&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv0q5281307655026%2F Abstract  Tumor-resident T cells display a functionally impaired effector/memory (Tem) phenotype. Sustained intratumoral administration of IL-12, on the other hand, can restore cytolytic function to pre-existing CD8+ Tem, resulting in effective tumor kill. Whereas cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are generally assumed to mediate tumor regression via direct tumor cytotoxicity, recent work revealed that activated CD8+ Tem mobilize a systemic, multi-component effector cascade that includes both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Here we summarize these mechanisms, review how tumor-resident CD8+ Tem orchestrate this cascade and discuss the potential clinical implications of these findings. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-010-0097-7Authors Nejat K. Egilmez, D... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4014238 Sun, 26 Sep 2010 05:51:35 +0100 4014238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4014239&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F971n2m5q4v311x32%2F Abstract  Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is known to be associated with increased risk of infections, compared to bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. In viral diseases for which specific treatment is available, real-time PCR assays are reliable diagnostic tools for timely initiation of appropriate therapy and for rapid assessment of the efficacy of antiviral treatment strategies. A retrospective review of samples from a group of seven adult cord blood stem cell recipients was made. Serum samples taken up to 180 days after transplantation were examined with quantitative real-time PCR for measurement of viral load (CMV, HHV-6, and HHV-7). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA was detected in samples taken from four patients (57%) in the period of ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4014239 Sat, 25 Sep 2010 05:59:22 +0100 4014239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3862902&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F016463455l20186j%2F Abstract  Appropriate combinations of immunotherapy and gene therapy promise to be more effective in the treatment of cancer patients than either of these therapeutic approaches alone. One such treatment is based on the application of patients’ cytotoxic T cells, which can be activated, expanded, and genetically engineered to recognize particular tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Because T cells recognizing TAAs might become unresponsive in the process of tumor development as a result of tumor evasion strategies, immunogenic viral antigens or alloantigens could be used for the expansion of cytotoxic T cells and then redirected through genetic engineering. This therapeutic approach has already demonstrated promising results in melanoma patients and could be used in the tre... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3862902 Sat, 07 Aug 2010 07:04:40 +0100 3862902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3828571&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb8x734h0p2380272%2F Abstract  Numerous cytokines have been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). As gene polymorphisms can influence cytokine production or function, they may potentially contribute to genetic predisposition to the disease. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the role of 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 cytokine and cytokine receptor genes in genetic susceptibility to T1D. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers was used to genotype cytokine SNPs and HLA-DRB1 alleles in 151 diabetics and 140 healthy individuals of Slovak origin. Univariate analysis showed that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 codon 10 TT homozygotes were significantly more susceptible to developing T1D than C allele carriers (P c&n... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3828571 Thu, 05 Aug 2010 13:28:47 +0100 3828571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3817877&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy41246u363663285%2F Abstract  Adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-specific T lymphocytes has demonstrated clinical benefit in some cancers, particularly melanoma. Yet isolating and expanding tumor-specific cells from patients is challenging and there is limited ability to control T-cell affinity and response characteristics. T-cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy, in which T lymphocytes for immunotherapy are redirected using an introduced rearranged TCR, has emerged as an important alternative. Successful TCR gene therapy requires consideration of a number of issues, including TCR specificity and affinity, optimal gene therapy constructs, types of T cells administered, and the survival and activity of the modified cells. In this review we highlight the rationale for and experience with TCR gene ther... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3817877 Mon, 02 Aug 2010 20:24:16 +0100 3817877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3809602&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl6x03mht5k3m01x2%2F Abstract  During the past few years, the application of orthodontic miniscrews and dental implants has been expanded. However, failures have necessitated ongoing investigation of potential risk factors. The aim of this overview was to conduct an assessment of the immunological response following application of cortical temporary anchorage devices—titanium miniscrew implants—in orthodontic patients. A scrupulous search of the database revealed only two matching items; therefore studies evaluating the immune response subsequent to insertion of dental implants were reviewed. Thorough assessment revealed the following as factors associated with dental implant rejection: (1) correlation of the volume of gingival and peri-implant crevicular fluid and the amount of interleukin... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3809602 Fri, 30 Jul 2010 17:06:24 +0100 3809602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3809603&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc544122qr4l6t084%2F Abstract  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS); it affect millions of patients worldwide and the number of patients is on the rise. Current treatment options are fairly limited and there is a strong unmet need for disease-targeted therapies for MS. The most widely accepted hypothesis for the pathogenesis of MS is that it is a primary autoimmune disease in which myelin-specific T cells play a central role in the progression of demyelination. According to this hypothesis, a powerful immune suppression or a reconstruction of the immune system to abrogate disease-specific leukocytes early in the development of the disease is expected to halt or even reverse the disease, since remyelination is an except... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3809603 Fri, 30 Jul 2010 17:06:23 +0100 3809603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3809604&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk333257070314052%2F Abstract  Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with profound effects on multiple organ systems. In patients with SLE, the immune system is subverted to target numerous self antigens and the ensuing inflammatory response elicits a vicious cycle of immune-cell activation and tissue damage. Both genetic and environmental factors are essential for the development of this debilitating condition, although the exact cause remains unclear. Early studies on the pathogenesis of lupus centered on the adaptive immune system as lymphocyte abnormalities were thought to be the primary cause of autoimmunity. In the past decade, however, this paradigm has shifted with rapid advances in the field of innate immunity. These developments have yielded important insi... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3809604 Fri, 30 Jul 2010 17:06:22 +0100 3809604 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3808004&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmm762812m66554v6%2F Abstract  Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune system of many species. The brain is an immunologically privileged organ but can produce a robust immune response against pathogens and cell debris, promoting rapid and efficient clearance. AMPs may be critically involved in the innate immune system of the brain. Though the mechanisms of AMPs’ action in the brain still need further elucidation, many studies have shown that AMPs are multifunctional molecules in the brain. In addition to antimicrobial action, they take part in congenital and adaptive immune reactions (immunoregulation), function as signaling molecules in tissue repair, inflammation and other important processes through different mechanisms, and they might,... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3808004 Thu, 29 Jul 2010 16:07:55 +0100 3808004 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3653312&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjj5127r355w443pk%2F Abstract  Chronic viral hepatitis B and C are among the most common and devastating liver diseases worldwide. Immune response plays a crucial role in the course of both diseases. In spite of the importance of the adaptive arm of the immune response, there is a growing role of innate immunity, the earliest confronted with viral attack. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and, in particular, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are molecules which are able not only to recognize foreign invaders, but also quickly mount an antiviral defense. Activation of PRRs has been demonstrated in both hepatitis types, i.e. in situ in the liver and on while blood cells. Both viruses, HCV and HBV, are able to subvert the PRR-mediated antiviral response by means of various proteins and enzymes. HCV ac... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3653312 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 09:23:47 +0100 3653312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3649541&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F65175061442374nn%2F Abstract  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and current MS treatment is only partially effective. Recent data suggest that statins may be potent immunomodulatory agents. In order to evaluate their role in MS, we analyzed the in vitro effects of interferon (IFN)-β and lovastatin on the differentiation and maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) of MS patients. Twenty-seven patients with relapsing–remitting MS were recruited for the study. DC differentiation and maturation were evaluated based on surface phenotypic changes and the expressions of CD14, CD83, CD1a, CD80, CD86, CD206, and C209 were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that IFN-β and lovastatin affect DC phenotype. Both agents decrease the ex... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3649541 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 16:04:39 +0100 3649541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3626656&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fdg46631687144242%2F Abstract  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that have emerged as key post-transcriptional regulators in a wide variety of organisms and critical cellular processes. Because any one miRNA can regulate the expression of a distinct set of genes, differential miRNA expression can shape the repertoire of proteins that are actually expressed during development, differentiation, or disease. To understand what goes wrong when a cell becomes transformed requires knowledge of the processes that ensure normal development. It is now clear that miRNAs may act as oncogenes and/or tumor suppressors within gene regulatory networks, thereby contributing to the development of cancer. Mast cells are long-lived cells, widely distributed throughout vascularized tissues, in particula... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3626656 Sat, 29 May 2010 05:46:47 +0100 3626656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3626657&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F71274t6kux7u8105%2F Abstract  Substantial confusion exists about the role of medical writers and editors (hereafter, medical communicators) in medical publication. Much of the confusion is due to the failure to recognize the difference between terms. Ghostwriting is unethical, whereas professional medical communication refers to legitimate writing and editing services provided by individuals who comply with ethical guidelines. The purpose of this article is to shed light on this subject by reviewing relevant guidelines and by providing practical tips for authors interested in collaborating with medical communicators. Specifically, this article addresses a series of questions, such as what to expect from medical communicators, how to evaluate them, and how to collaborate ethically and efficient... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3626657 Fri, 28 May 2010 15:12:30 +0100 3626657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3610908&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu463443875665644%2F Abstract  Dual combinations of non-crossblocking epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R)-directed monoclonal antibodies were demonstrated to effectively induce complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of tumor cells, whereas individual antibodies were ineffective. Here the modulating effects of different antibody isotypes on CDC were studied by adding them as a third antibody. Two different combinations of non-crossblocking EGF-R antibodies of human IgG1 isotype, 018/003 and 425/005, were investigated against the A431 and A1207 cell lines. As a third antibody, human IgG1, IgA1, and IgA2 isotype variants of the therapeutic EGF-R antibody 225 were employed that bind to an EGF-R epitope distinct from the other EGF-R antibodies. In this model, the human IgG1 antibody proved to ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3610908 Thu, 27 May 2010 16:57:47 +0100 3610908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3610909&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb262055147485025%2F Abstract  For many decades, cellular immunologists have relied on the expression of various cell surface molecules to divide cells into different types and subtypes to study their function. However, in recent years, a large and fast-expanding body of work has described the transfer of surface molecules, including MHC class I and II molecules, between cells, both in vitro and in vivo. The function of this process is still largely unknown, but it is likely to have a significant role in the control of the immune system. It is also likely that this process takes place in a regulated rather than stochastic manner, thus providing another way for the immune system to orchestrate its function. In this review we will summarize the key findings so far, examining the mechanisms of tra... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3610909 Thu, 27 May 2010 16:57:46 +0100 3610909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3610910&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8q5w84573h645156%2F Abstract  Uric acid crystals, the causative agent of gout, have recently gained widespread attention due to their role as a natural endogenous adjuvant. Uric acid crystals, first sensed extracellularly by membrane lipid alterations, are internalized and subsequently activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Currently, various aspects of this particular novel pathway are poorly defined. This short review will focus on some recent discoveries regarding this simple crystalline structure and address areas requiring further investigation. The fact that uric acid crystals activate innate host defense mechanisms, triggering robust inflammation and immune activation, may lead to engineering potent adjuvants for future vaccines. Furthermore, the elucidation of uric acid’s mechanism of infl... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3610910 Wed, 26 May 2010 14:49:46 +0100 3610910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3610911&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpk7t132t3071421h%2F In conclusion, PIA production is a very common trait of S. aureus and S. epidermidis isolates obtained from diabetic foot ulcer patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Short CommunicationDOI 10.1007/s00005-010-0079-9Authors Adrianna Podbielska, Polish Academy of Sciences Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Mossakowski Medical Research Center Pawińskiego 5 02-106 Warsaw PolandHanna Galkowska, Polish Academy of Sciences Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Mossakowski Medical Research Center Pawińskiego 5 02-106 Warsaw PolandEwa Stelmach, Polish Academy of Sciences Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Mossakowski Medical Research Center Pawińskiego 5 02-106 Warsaw PolandGrazyna Mlynarczyk, Medical University of Warsaw Departme... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3610911 Wed, 26 May 2010 14:49:45 +0100 3610911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3610912&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7644332735n8n278%2F Abstract  Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric transcription complex which plays a crucial role in cellular adaptation to low oxygen availability. In the last years there has been increasing evidence about the role of this factor in inflammatory/innate immune reactions. It has also been found to contribute to different types of allergic inflammation. In this review the current knowledge about the accumulation and role of HIF-1 in Toll-like receptor-mediated and allergic inflammation is summarized. Differential biochemical mechanisms employed to stabilize the protein in different cases are discussed. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory REVIEWDOI 10.1007/s00005-010-0083-0Authors Vadim V. Sumbayev, University of Kent Medway School of Pharmacy Anson Build... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3610912 Wed, 26 May 2010 14:49:44 +0100 3610912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561062&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2327123846r76172%2F Abstract  B lymphocytes are characterized by a unique and highly specialized developmental pathway that is responsible for their vast phenotypic and function diversity. B cell development is strictly regulated to ensure sufficient specific humoral immunity while at the same time avoiding any errors that would compromise B cell functionality. The generation and maintenance of mature B cells from the constant flux of bone marrow progenitors is a complex process that is generally poorly understood, although great progress has been made in recent years. B cells have for long been considered mainly as antibody-producing cells and therefore believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases, primarily through their ability to produce IgE antibodies. Ho... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561062 Tue, 11 May 2010 08:14:24 +0100 3561062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3481253&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh3k2u261u752t7k0%2F Abstract   Chlamydia trachomatis is the major cause of sexually transmitted disease in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the best method of DNA extraction for detecting C. trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in sexually active women (n = 80) attending Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Endocervical swabs were collected from 80 women, 22 of whom were asymptomatic and 58 symptomatic. Three different DNA extraction methods were used in this study (phenol-chlorophorm, proteinase K, and boiling). DNA yield was evaluated by spectrophotometry, agarose gel, and PCR. The internal control was assayed by β-globin primers (PCO4, GH20). The DNA cryptic plasmid was selected as the target for C. trachomatis and samples were examined by PCR usin... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3481253 Fri, 16 Apr 2010 05:43:29 +0100 3481253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3468832&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1h350337083jnl39%2F This report describes the detection and treatment of EBV-associated HLH in the case of a 17-year-old male. Serum samples and skin swabs were tested for the presence of viral DNA using real-time PCR techniques. To confirm the molecular biological tests, electron microscopy was also performed. EBV DNA was detected with real-time PCR in both blood samples and skin swabs. The level of viral DNA constantly decreased during the applied therapy. The presence of the virus in the skin was confirmed by the appearance of herpes virus-like particles detected by electron microscopy in fluid taken from skin ulcerations. The results show that in terms of treatment, special therapeutic measures are required to control the cytokine storm generated by EBV and to suppress proliferating EBV genome-conta... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3468832 Mon, 12 Apr 2010 05:34:22 +0100 3468832 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3468833&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff525104k65322k1q%2F Abstract  Vasculature is essential for the sustained growth of solid tumors and metastases. Tumor cells surviving vascular-disruptive therapeutic intervention (especially those present at the tumor rim) can contribute to tumor regrowth. The aim was to strengthen, by carrier-mediated delivery of a chemotherapeutic, the curative effects of a bifunctional anti-vascular oligopeptide capable of inducing vascular shutdown and tumor shrinkage. For the in vitro experiments and animal therapy, ACDCRGDCFC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2 peptide (900 μM in D-PBSA, i.e. Dulbecco’s PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+) and size-calibrated, passively or actively targeted liposomes based on distearoylphosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and N-carbamoyl-methoxypolyethyleneglycol coupled to distearoylphosphatidyleth... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3468833 Sun, 11 Apr 2010 05:51:35 +0100 3468833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3468834&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg5468q2801077j82%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s00005-010-0078-xAuthors Gaëlle Le Friec, MRC Centre for Transplantation King’s College London Guy’s Hospital 5th Floor Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond London SE1 9RT UKClaudia Kemper, MRC Centre for Transplantation King’s College London Guy’s Hospital 5th Floor Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond London SE1 9RT UK Journal Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae ExperimentalisOnline ISSN 1661-4917Print ISSN 0004-069X (Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis) Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3468834 Sat, 10 Apr 2010 07:51:18 +0100 3468834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3450407&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy6678825g7152932%2F Abstract  Advances in our understanding of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (TRegs) enabled the characterization of their activities in maintaining peripheral tolerance, preventing autoimmune diseases, and limiting chronic inflammatory diseases. Ironically, an effective action of these cells during tumor development can limit beneficial responses by suppressing immunity and limiting antitumor resistance, whereas one of the main functions of the immune system is to eliminate malignant cells. During the last years, the immunological role, mechanism of action, and clinical importance of these cells were profoundly characterized and the relationship between this subset of lymphocytes and cancerous cells arises as a key factor that influences tumor development. Recent insights ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3450407 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 06:51:54 +0100 3450407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3450408&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F023km552316j4301%2F Abstract  Harnessing the power of the immune system to target cancer has long been a goal of tumor immunologists. One avenue under investigation is the modification of T cells to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Expression of such a receptor enables T-cell specificity to be redirected against a chosen tumor antigen. Substantial research in this field has been carried out, incorporating a wide variety of malignancies and tumor-associated antigens. Ongoing investigations will ensure this area continues to expand at a rapid pace. This review will explain the evolution of CAR technology over the last two decades in addition to detailing the associated benefits and disadvantages. The outcome of recent phase I clinical trials and the impact that these have had upon the ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3450408 Tue, 06 Apr 2010 18:26:47 +0100 3450408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3450409&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc103k6885407004l%2F Abstract  Infection of host cells with HIV-1 depends on a highly glycosylated virus envelope glycoprotein (Env) and host-cell receptors. Glycans participate substantially in Env folding and in the binding of virions to the host-cell surface and indirectly affect cellular uptake of HIV-1. Moreover, Env glycans could protect HIV-1 from host’s neutralizing antibodies, but some glycans, on the other hand, represent targets for neutralizing antibodies. Variability of Env and its glycans in the HIV-1 strains from around the world as well as in patients during disease progression contributes substantially to further HIV-1 spreading in spite of the progress in basic HIV-1 research, vaccine development, and highly active antiretroviral therapy of HIV-1 infections. Content Type... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3450409 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 21:36:12 +0100 3450409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315404&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F81gm22q665v36628%2F In this study the impact of combined elevation of TNF-α and IL-10 on disease features and outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were investigated. Plasma TNF-α and IL-10 levels were determined at the time of diagnosis in a group of 106 DLBCL patients uniformly treated with anthracycline-based regimens. Three risk groups depending on the pretreatment levels of the cytokines were identified: low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups. In univariate analysis, the cytokine intermediate- and high-risk groups were associated with lower probability of achieving a complete remission (odds ratio [OR] = 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06–0.6, p = 0.006 and OR = 0.05, 95% CI 0.01–0.2, p < 0.0001, respectively) and short... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315404 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 09:44:08 +0100 3315404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284916&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft25584101187v731%2F The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dose and timing of orally delivered alum-adsorbed antigen on the magnitude of the anti-HBs humoral response. Mice were immunized orally by gavage intubation or parenterally by intramuscular injection three times, once every 2 weeks, with doses of 5, 50, or 500 ng alum-adjuvanted HBsAg. A low dose (10 ng) of HBsAg was orally administered three times in different time intervals: 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. The three consecutive 5-ng oral doses of the antigen induced immune response at the protective level (≥10 mIU/ml), significantly higher than the reaction elicited by three 50 or 500 ng doses. In contrast, intramuscular delivery of these doses did not differ significantly; however, they induced a five... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284916 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 18:33:50 +0100 3284916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3280851&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4kp11p7657360204%2F Abstract  The interaction of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) induces profound changes in the bone marrow environment, influencing osteoclastogenesis and MM cell survival. Differences in receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) production in BMSCs derived from MM patients and control subjects and the apoptosis of BMSCs and MM cells in co-cultures of both cell types were examined. RANKL and OPG expressions were examined by ELISA and semiquantitative RT-PCR. Apoptosis of BMSCs after contact with RPMI8226 and U266 cells was measured by flow cytometry and the level of ALP activity by the spectrophotometric method. OPG production by BMSCs was significantly inhibited after direct contact with RPMI8226 cells. Production... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3280851 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 06:44:46 +0100 3280851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3273404&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F86632579171r4225%2F Abstract  T cell epitope-driven vaccine design employs bioinformatic algorithms to identify potential targets of vaccines against infectious diseases or cancer. Potential epitopes can be identified with major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-binding algorithms, and the ability to bind to MHC class I or class II indicates a predominantly CD4+ or CD8+ T cell response. Furthermore, an epitope-based vaccine can circumvent evolutionary events favoring immune escape present in native proteins from pathogens. It can also focus on only the most relevant epitopes (i.e. conserved and promiscuous) recognized by the majority of the target population. Mounting evidence points to the critical role of CD4+ T cells in natural antigen encounter and active immunization. In this paper the need ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3273404 Sun, 14 Feb 2010 06:52:07 +0100 3273404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263680&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F378x400v3l18j230%2F Abstract  A recent study suggested that neuroinflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Although the precise mechanism is obscure, dysregulation of the signaling transduction pathway in microglia may enhance inflammation, leading to synaptic dysfunction and ultimately to neuronal cell death. The expression and function of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), an ATP-gated ion channel abundantly expressed in microglia in the brain, is significantly up-regulated in the postmortem brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients and various neurodegenerative disease animal models. This supports the role of the P2X7R pathway in the progression of neurodegeneration. Blocking P2X7R using brill... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263680 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 06:47:59 +0100 3263680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255679&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F725574uvq7552u2g%2F Abstract  The concept of gene therapy originated in the mid twentieth century and was perceived as a revolutionary technology with the promise to cure almost any disease of which the molecular basis was understood. Since then, several gene vectors have been developed and the feasibility of gene therapy has been shown in many animal models of human disease. However, clinical efficacy could not be demonstrated until the beginning of the new century in a small-scale clinical trial curing an otherwise fatal immunodeficiency disorder in children. This first success, achieved after retroviral therapy, was later overshadowed by the occurrence of vector-related leukemia in a significant number of the treated children, demonstrating that the future success of gene therapy depends on... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255679 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 17:20:20 +0100 3255679 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255678&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff0n76065x008l304%2F Abstract  Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) primes dendritic cells to promote a Th2 inflammatory response. Its action is mediated by a heterodimeric receptor which consists of the interleukin-7 receptor α chain and the TSLP receptor chain (TSLPR). TSLPR resembles the common γ chain subunit utilized by many type 1 cytokine receptors. Normal epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and stromal cells constitutively express TSLP. Dendritic cells that are activated by TSLP promote the development of CD4+ T cells into pro-inflammatory Th2 cells. TSLP thus plays a potentially important role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation in asthma and atopic dermatitis. TSLP also has direct effects on other types of cells in the bronchial mucosa. It is over-expressed in the bronchial muco... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255678 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 17:20:20 +0100 3255678 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255680&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr003415043541123%2F Abstract  Developing effective prophylactics to combat tuberculosis is currently in an exploratory stage. The HIV pandemic and emergence of multi- and extensively drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis indicate that the current preventive measures against this ever-evolving pathogen are inadequate. The currently available vaccine BCG in its present form affords variable protection which usually wanes with aging. Various reasons have been cited to explain the discrepancies in the efficacy of BCG, including generic differences in the different BCG vaccine strains used in immunization program throughout the world. The low efficacy of BCG vaccine has promoted the search for novel vaccines for tuberculosis. The search strategies aim at completely replacing the exist... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255680 Sat, 06 Feb 2010 18:09:32 +0100 3255680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3223898&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq71569u8701t2m63%2F Abstract  The pharmaceutical sector is a part of today’s economy in which the relationship between patents and competition has been receiving increasing attention. The European Commission’s inquiry into this sector adds to the ongoing debate. Its Preliminary Report, published in November 2008, explains and quantifies a number of practices adopted by individual companies operating in the sector. The Report focuses on two strands of interplay between pharmaceutical companies. The first focus is on competition between originator and generic companies and the second relates to competition among originators themselves. The Report’s observations on the former provide us with some important insights into the potential ways of raising barriers to the timely entry of cheaper, ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3223898 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 19:58:53 +0100 3223898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3190239&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F13420rw401t1v054%2F Abstract  Percutaneous coronary intervention has become the most common and widely implemented method of heart revascularization. However, the development of restenosis remains the major limitation of this method. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) recently emerged as a new and promising method for the prevention of arterial restenosis. Here the efficacy of chlorin e6 in PDT was investigated in vitro using human vascular smooth muscle cells (TG/HA-VSMCs) as one of the cell types crucial in the development of restenosis. PDT-induced cell death was studied on many levels, including annexin V staining, measurement of the generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3 activity, and assessment of changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and fragmentation of DNA. Photosensitiz... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3190239 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:46:50 +0100 3190239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154064&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk448311888515p68%2F Abstract  Once Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects a person it can persist for a long time in a process called latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). LTBI has traditionally been considered to involve the bacilli remaining in a non-replicating state (dormant) in old lesions but still retaining their ability to induce reactivation and cause active tuberculosis (TB) once a disruption of the immune response takes place. The present review aims to challenge these concepts by including recent experimental data supporting LTBI as a constant endogenous reinfection process as well as the recently introduced concepts of damage-response and tolerance frameworks to explain TB induction. These frameworks highlight the key role of an exaggerated and intolerant host response against M. tuber... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154064 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 18:01:00 +0100 3154064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154066&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ftp04g2x2k082642x%2F Abstract  Elimination of tuberculosis (TB) largely depends upon definitive rapid diagnosis and treatment. Widely used diagnostic tests do not qualify for use in a developing country due to lack of either desired accuracy or their cost. In the present study an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the diagnostic potential of an immuno-dominant 30/32-kDa mycolyl transferase complex (Ag85 complex) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific proteins (ESAT-6 and CFP-10) of the RD1 region. Higher sensitivity (84.1%) with Ag85 complex was observed compared with ESAT-6 (64.9%) and CFP-10 (66%), with almost similar specificity (Ag85: 85.2%, ESAT-6: 88.9%, CFP-10: 85.2%), whereas the individual components of Ag85 complex, i.e. Ag85A, Ag85B, and Ag85C, showed sensitivitie... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154066 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 18:00:59 +0100 3154066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154065&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb07566715k53517p%2F Abstract  Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP) is an adaptor molecule containing a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. SAP is expressed in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and binds to the cytoplasmic domains of SLAM family receptors, resulting in the subsequent recruitment of Fyn. The SAP (SH2D1A) gene is located on the X chromosome and is responsible for X-linked lymphoproliferative disease, characterized by higher susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus infection. The SAP-mediated signal is not only essential for the development of NKT cells, i.e. unconventional CD1d-restricted T cells with invariant Vα14 T cell receptors, but also for the regulation of the function of NK cells and conventional T cells. The role of SAP-mediated signaling i... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154065 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 18:00:59 +0100 3154065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154067&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9205604172075227%2F Abstract  Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disorder for which there is no known cure. Concentrating on specific elements of the abnormal immune response that characterizes the disease, scientists are reaching into biotechnology’s bag of tricks to develop immunotherapeutic techniques. This paper will present some advances in the immunotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis targeting inflammatory cytokines and autoreactive T cells. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ReviewDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0058-1Authors Guangjie Chen, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences 280 South Chongqing Road Shanghai 200025 People’s Republic of China Journal Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae ExperimentalisOnline ISSN 1661-... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154067 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 18:00:53 +0100 3154067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154068&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq741158423638337%2F Abstract  Type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (D1) is a crucial enzyme which converts the prohormone thyroxine (T4) into active tri-iodothyronine (T3). There has been strong evidence that the metabolism of thyroid hormones is disturbed in some neoplastic tissues such as thyroid, renal, and breast cancer. However, there are few available data about D1 enzyme activity in benign tumors such as hemangioma, which is the most common primary liver tumor. Hence this study aimed to determine the enzymatic activity of D1 in hemangiomas in relation to healthy liver tissue. Seven tumors and healthy control tissues were obtained from patients who had liver resection due to hemangioma. The activity was assessed by measurement of radioactive iodine released by deiodination catalyzed by D1. It... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154068 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 18:00:52 +0100 3154068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154069&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg1408572j6142605%2F Abstract  The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is the only known member of the cathelicidin family of peptides expressed in humans. LL-37 is a multifunctional host defense molecule essential for normal immune responses to infection and tissue injury. LL-37 peptide is a potent killer of different microorganisms with the ability to prevent immunostimulatory effects of bacterial wall molecules such as lipopolysaccharide and can therefore protect against lethal endotoxemia. Additional reported activities of LL-37 include chemoattractant function, inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis, and stimulation of angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, and cytokine release (e.g. IL-8). Cellular production of LL-37 is affected by multiple factors, including bacterial products, host cytokines, availabi... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154069 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 18:00:50 +0100 3154069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154070&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F88pm03667k50h160%2F Abstract  The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is a kind of net that remains in a state of dynamic equilibrium. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are among its most important components. There are much data indicating the significance of these proteoglycans in protecting proteins such as albumins from penetrating to the urine, although some new data indicate that loss of proteoglycans does not always lead to proteinuria. Heparanase is an enzyme which cleaves β 1,4 d-glucuronic bonds in sugar groups of HSPGs. Thus it is supposed that heparanase may have an important role in the pathogenesis of proteinuria. Increased heparanase expression and activity in the course of many glomerular diseases was observed. The most widely documented is the significance of heparanase in ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154070 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 18:00:49 +0100 3154070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2960211&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F85175h65v368385p%2F Conclusions  The three-month therapy with sulfonylurea resulted in a significant increase in CGT in all types of culture tests. This sulfonylurea-related improvement in CGT was associated with a near normalization of GLUT4 expression in the cells. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0052-7Authors Anna Czech, Warsaw Medical University (Brodnowski Hospital) Chair and Department of Internal Medicine, and Diabetology, Second Medical Faculty Warsaw PolandPaweł Piątkiewicz, Warsaw Medical University (Brodnowski Hospital) Chair and Department of Internal Medicine, and Diabetology, Second Medical Faculty Warsaw PolandJan Tatoń, Warsaw Medical University (Brodnowski Hospital) Chair and Department of Internal Medicine, and Diabetology, S... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2960211 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 10:09:38 +0100 2960211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2960212&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyu75u73406168780%2F Conclusions  This study documents that both COX isoforms participate in all stages of acute inflammation and that tissue-resident leukocytes, especially macrophages, are important sites of COX-1/COX-2 expression and prostaglandin synthesis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0053-6Authors Elzbieta Kolaczkowska, Jagiellonian University Department of Evolutionary Immunobiology, Institute of Zoology Kraków PolandAnna Goldys, Jagiellonian University Department of Evolutionary Immunobiology, Institute of Zoology Kraków PolandElzbieta Kozakiewicz, Jagiellonian University Department of Evolutionary Immunobiology, Institute of Zoology Kraków PolandMonika Lelito, Jagiellonian University Department of Evolutionary Immunobiology, Institu... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2960212 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 10:09:28 +0100 2960212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2944752&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1p49667h663hq620%2F We present here a summary of the current approaches to validate new diagnostics based on the detection of immunological biomarkers of TB infection. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ReviewDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0050-9Authors Giovanni Ferrara, University of Perugia Section of Respiratory Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Maria Hospital Via T. Di Joannuccio 1 05100 Terni ItalyMonica Losi, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Center for Rare Lung Diseases Modena ItalyLeonardo M. Fabbri, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Sections of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Oncology and Hematology Modena ItalyGiovanni B. Migliori, WHO Collaborating Centre for TB and Lung Diseases, Fondazione S. Maugeri, Care and Research Institute Tradate ItalyLuca Richeldi, University of... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2944752 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 20:23:24 +0100 2944752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2944751&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F94t64ttg60081512%2F Abstract  Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used and successful antitumor drugs, but its cumulative and dose-dependent cardiac toxicity has been a major concern of oncologists in cancer therapeutic practice for decades. With the increasing population of cancer survivors, there is a growing need to develop preventive strategies and effective therapies against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, in particular late-onset cardiomyopathy. Although intensive investigations on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have continued for decades, the underlying mechanisms responsible for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have not been completely elucidated. A rapidly expanding body of evidence supports the notion that cardiomyocyte death by apoptosis and necrosis is a primary mechanism of DOX-induced ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2944751 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 20:23:24 +0100 2944751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2944753&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0571444760865127%2F Abstract  The complement system has long been known to be a major element of innate immunity. Traditionally, it was regarded as the first line of defense against invading pathogens, leading to opsonization and phagocytosis or the direct lysis of microbes. However, from the second half of the twentieth century on, it became clear that complement is also intimately involved in the induction and “fine tuning” of adaptive B- and T-cell responses as well as lineage commitment. This growing recognition of the complement system’s multifunctional role in immunity is consistent with the recent paradigm that complement is also necessary for the successful contraction of an adaptive immune response. This review aims at giving a condensed overview of complement’s rise from a si... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2944753 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 20:23:22 +0100 2944753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2944754&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp16120wq2rq3342u%2F Conclusions  Taken as a whole, such accelerated differentiation of CD40-activated B cells suggests that IVIg may participate in re-equilibration of the antibody repertoire by replacing pathological antibodies by de novo harmless antibodies. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0048-3Authors Sonia Néron, Recherche et développement, Héma-Québec, Ingénierie cellulaire 1070, avenue des Sciences-de-la-vie Québec Qc G1V 5C3 CanadaGilles Boire, Université de Sherbrookeet Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke Service de rhumatologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé Sherbrooke Québec CanadaNathalie Dussault, Recherche et développement, Héma-Québec, Ingénierie cellulaire 1070, avenue des Sciences-de-la... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2944754 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 20:23:21 +0100 2944754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2944755&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff054830382508136%2F Abstract  Breast cancer (BrCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths for women worldwide. Evidence from both patients and mouse cancer models suggests that the simultaneous induction of BrCa-specific CD4+ T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and antibodies is crucial for providing immune resistance. However, almost all current vaccines address only a single arm of the immune system, which may explain their lack of efficacy. We believe that the correct response to monovalent vaccines’ “failure” is to increase our knowledge about antitumor protective immunity and to develop a multivalent vaccine molecule that can simultaneously induce multiple arms of the immune system. We highlight here recent advances in anti-BrCa peptide-based vaccine strategies with an emp... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2944755 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 20:23:19 +0100 2944755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2877345&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F451x086x4l2w4210%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Varia – ScientometricsDOI 10.1007/s00005-008-0048-8Authors Eugene Garfield, Thomson Scientific ISI Philadelphia PA USA Journal Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae ExperimentalisOnline ISSN 1661-4917Print ISSN 0004-069X Journal Volume Volume 56 Journal Issue Volume 56, Number 6 / December, 2008 (Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis) Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2877345 Thu, 08 Oct 2009 10:16:42 +0100 2877345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2717238&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff0tvg07q6w557426%2F Abstract  The authors previously showed that interferon regulatory factor (IRF)4 knockout mice are protected from experimental oxazolone and TNBS colitis. Here the effect of IRF4 on the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in TNBS colitis and long-term CD45RBhigh transfer colitis is examined. In TNBS colitis, no differences were found in interleukin (IL)-18 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression between IRF4 knockout and wild-type mice. However, significant differences were detected in IL-6 and IL-17 production. Upon treatment with hyper-IL-6, IRF4–/– mice lost their protective properties towards TNBS application. Hyper-IL-6 application induced IL-6 mRNA, but not IL-17 mRNA expression, suggesting that IL-6 deficiency is not primarily responsible for ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2717238 Wed, 19 Aug 2009 18:44:26 +0100 2717238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2717237&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp8x3502rq56437x7%2F Conclusion  These findings indicate that eggs from hens immunized with appropriate antigens are a potentially useful source of passive immunity. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0041-xAuthors Marco Cesar Cunegundes Guimarães, UFES Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Human Cancer Vitória ES BrazilLívia Gomes Amaral, UFES Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Human Cancer Vitória ES BrazilLetícia Batista Azevedo Rangel, UFES Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Human Cancer Vitória ES BrazilIan Victor Silva, UFES Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Human Cancer Vitória ES BrazilClaudia Gomes Fernandes Matta, UFES Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Human Cancer Vitó... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2717237 Wed, 19 Aug 2009 18:44:26 +0100 2717237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2731258&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fak871j1ku154n255%2F Abstract  During all human and murine pregnancies, fetal cells enter the maternal circulation and tissues and may persist there for decades. The immune consequences of this phenomenon have been explored for many years as a potential origin of autoimmunity or protection from cancer in women after pregnancy. The leading hypothesis, suggesting that semi-allogenic fetal T cells may trigger a graft-versus-host type of disease, has been supported by several studies showing an increased frequency of fetal-cell microchimerism (FMc) in women affected with systemic sclerosis. However, a large proportion of healthy women or women affected with non-immune disorders also display fetal T cells, challenging the direct pathogenic role of such cells. In addition, recent evidence showing the... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2731258 Tue, 18 Aug 2009 08:25:36 +0100 2731258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2717239&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2238uvt723p41388%2F Conclusion  Regardless of the complement resistance of the P. mirabilis strains, the S1959, R110, and R45 LPSs fragmented C3 and induced C3c neo-antigen exposure. The use of complement-deficient human serum allows the conclusion that the Re-type P. mirabilis R45 LPS fragmented C3 by the antibody-independent classical pathway. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0043-8Authors Wiesław Kaca, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute Division of Clinical Bacteriology Huddinge SwedenMichał Arabski, Jan Kochanowski University Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology Świętokrzyska 15 25-406 Kielce PolandRafał Fudała, Jan Kochanowski University Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology Świętokrzyska 15 25-4... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2717239 Tue, 18 Aug 2009 08:25:35 +0100 2717239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2713622&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr7617015m0p67063%2F Abstract  Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease which essentially affects the lungs and produces profound abnormalities on the immune system. Although most people infected by the tubercle bacillus (90%) do not develop the disease during their lifetime, when there are alterations in the immune system, such as co-infection with HIV, malnutrition, or diabetes, the risk of developing active disease increases considerably. Interestingly, during the course of active disease, even in the absence of immunosuppressive conditions, there is a profound and prolonged suppression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific protective immune responses. Several immune factors can contribute to downregulate the protective immunity, permitting disease progression. In general, many of t... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2713622 Tue, 18 Aug 2009 08:25:35 +0100 2713622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2713623&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl43rw83553323287%2F Abstract  The skin protects us from water loss and mechanical damage. The surface-exposed epidermis, a self-renewing stratified squamous epithelium composed of several layers of keratinocytes, is most important in the barrier defense against these challenges. Endogenous and exogenous proteases such as kallikreins, matriptase, caspases, cathepsins, and proteases derived from microorganisms are important in the desquamation process of the stratum corneum and are able to activate and inactivate defense molecules in human epidermis. Protease inhibitors such as like LEKTI, elafin, SLPI, SERPINs, and cystatins regulate their proteolytic activity and contribute to the integrity and protective barrier function of the skin. Changes in the proteolytic balance of the skin can result i... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2713623 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:35 +0100 2713623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2713624&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc9h447l2533t8735%2F Abstract  Bronchial asthma is a common immune-mediated disorder characterized by reversible airway inflammation, mucus production, and variable airflow obstruction with airway hyperresponsiveness. Allergen exposure results in the activation of numerous cells of the immune system, of which dendritic cells (DCs) and Th2 lymphocytes are of paramount importance. Although the epithelium was initially considered to function solely as a physical barrier, it is now evident that it plays a central role in the Th2-cell sensitization process due to its ability to activate DCs. Cytokines are inevitable factors in driving immune responses. To the list of numerous cytokines already known to be involved in the regulation of allergic reactions, new cytokines were added, such as TSLP, IL-25... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2713624 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:34 +0100 2713624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2713625&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu443hm5973672510%2F Abstract  Numerous studies have demonstrated that targeting immunogens to Fcγ receptors (FcγR) on antigen (Ag)-presenting cells (APC) can enhance humoral and cellular immunity in vitro and in vivo. FcγR are classified based on their molecular weight, IgG-Fc binding affinities, IgG subclass binding specificity, and cellular distribution and they consist of activating and inhibitory receptors. However, despite the potential advantages of targeting Ag to FcR at mucosal sites, very little is known regarding the role of FcR in mucosal immunity or the efficacy of FcR-targeted mucosal vaccines. In addition, recent work has suggested that FcRn is present in the lungs of adult mice and humans and can transport FcRn-targeted Ag to FcγR-bearing APC within mucosal lymphoid tissue. I... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2713625 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:31 +0100 2713625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2592285&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl3385l1v0568286l%2F Abstract  Drugs targeting memory lymphocytes may allow for a better control of rejection in transplantation, particularly in immunized patients. In this article the rationale of targeting interleukin 7 receptor a (IL-7Rα), a molecule expressed by both memory and naive T cells, is reviewed in the context of transplantation. Whereas naive T cells are partly responsible for acute rejection and are targeted by current immunosuppressive drugs that block costimulatory signals (cyclosporine A, anti-CD3 antibody, anti-CD52 antibody, anti-thymocyte globulin, etc.), memory T cells are resistant to costimulation blockade. As such, memory cells are an obstacle to experimental tolerance induction and may be involved in chronic rejection. There is thus much scientific interest in develo... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2592285 Thu, 09 Jul 2009 12:24:37 +0100 2592285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2589293&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frh73312007642x11%2F Conclusion  The weak MT expression and lack of p53 protein expression in pancreatic SCAs confirms the lack of local invasive potential of the neoplastic lesion. Increased expressions of MT and p53 were observed in the less differentiated tumors. Thus the expression of MT may be a potential prognostic marker for tumors. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0033-xAuthors Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń, Wrocław Medical University Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses Grunwaldzka 2 50-355 Wrocław PolandHalina Milnerowicz, Wrocław Medical University Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses Grunwaldzka 2 50-355 Wrocław PolandJerzy Rabczyński, Wrocław Medical University Department of Pathological Anatomy Wroc�... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2589293 Mon, 06 Jul 2009 20:24:11 +0100 2589293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2589292&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr0506m144g623326%2F Conclusions  Comparing the results of the serological studies with the known chemical structures of the core regions of the LPSs used enabled the identification of a few core oligosaccharide fragments probably involved in the observed cross-reactions. All were located in the most distal part of LPS core region, which made them more easily recognized by specific antibodies. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0034-9Authors Agata Palusiak, University of Łódź Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology Banacha 12/16 90-237 Łódź PolandZygmunt Sidorczyk, University of Łódź Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology Banacha 12/16 9... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2589292 Mon, 06 Jul 2009 20:24:11 +0100 2589292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2589294&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1202405431827068%2F Conclusions  Thus our results demonstrate that both IBD and CRC are linked with an intensified production of a wide array of monocyte/macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines which is not accompanied by elevated levels of circulating IL-10, except for its insufficiently inhibitory elevation in UC patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0031-zAuthors Andrzej Szkaradkiewicz, University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Microbiology Wieniawskiego 3 61-712 Poznań PolandRyszard Marciniak, University of Medical Sciences Department of General, Gastroenterological, and Endocrinological Surgery Poznań PolandIzabela Chudzicka-Strugała, University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Microbiology Wieniawskiego 3 61-712 Po... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2589294 Mon, 06 Jul 2009 20:24:08 +0100 2589294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2589295&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F873858570u631j03%2F Abstract  Statins are inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) and they are the most effective agents for lowering cholesterol in clinical practice for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, it has become clear that statins also have pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects in addition to their lipid-lowering properties. As a result, much attention has been focused on their potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammatory autoimmune diseases. In this review the effect of statins on the expression and function of a variety of immune-relevant molecules will be discussed alongside the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the immunomodulatory effects of statins. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ReviewDOI 10.1007/... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2589295 Mon, 06 Jul 2009 20:24:07 +0100 2589295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2589296&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0389405303487872%2F Abstract  Understanding the adaptive immune response is an area of research critically important in medicine. Several positive regulators of B- and T-cell activation exist to eliminate pathogens, in which CD40 ligand (CD154) plays a fundamental role. It is well documented that CD154 expressed by CD4 T helper cells can be critical in the proper activation of dendritic cells for the productive stimulation of CD8 T cells and is required for proper T-dependent B-cell immunity. However, platelets are an abundant and systemic source of CD154. While classically known to be important for hemostasis and inflammation, several lines of evidence suggest that platelet-derived ligands can modulate the adaptive immune compartment. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ReviewDOI 10.1007/s... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2589296 Mon, 06 Jul 2009 20:24:04 +0100 2589296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2589297&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy35x7162732171t3%2F Abstract  The mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from bone marrow into peripheral blood (PB) is still not fully understood. Different chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and neurotransmitters have been described that facilitate this process. However, mounting evidence suggests that mobilization of HSPCs is a part of the immune response and is mediated by innate immunity. We discuss evidence showing that complement system cleavage fragments play a crucial role in both the retention and mobilization of HSPCs by modulating their responsiveness to stromal-derived growth factor-1 (SDF-1) gradient (by C3-derived anaphylatoxins) and by modulating the release of granulocytes into PB that subsequently facilitate the egress of HSPCs (by C5-derived anaphyla... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2589297 Mon, 06 Jul 2009 20:24:03 +0100 2589297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2589298&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw57076g2w1651055%2F Abstract  The Legionellae are Gram-negative bacteria able to survive and replicate in a wide range of protozoan hosts in natural environments, but they also occur in man-made aquatic systems, which are the major source of infection. After transmission to humans via aerosols, Legionella spp. can cause pneumonia (Legionnaires’ disease) or influenza-like respiratory infections (Pontiac fever). In children, Legionnaires’ disease is uncommon and is mainly diagnosed in children with immunosuppression. The clinical picture of Legionella pneumonia does not allow differentiation from pneumonia caused by others pathogens. The key to diagnosis is performing appropriate microbiological testing. The clinical presentation and the natural course of Legionnaires’ disease in children ar... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2589298 Mon, 06 Jul 2009 20:01:41 +0100 2589298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2563785&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F22x515574778m574%2F Abstract  The ocular microenvironment is both immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory in nature. Pigment epithelial (PE) cells isolated from the eye possess the ability to suppress the T cell receptor-dependent activation of T cells and the induction of regulatory T cells in vitro. This property is dependent on the cells’ capacity to produce cell-surface and soluble inhibitory molecules, for example CD86 (B7-2), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, thrombospondin-1, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1/B7-H1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 2α. Cultured ocular PE cells from the iris, ciliary body, and retina can individually suppress T-cell activation via mechanisms that partially overlap. Moreover, PE-derived regulatory T cells acquire functions that pl... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2563785 Wed, 01 Jul 2009 06:18:43 +0100 2563785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2474591&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F96t25206370p0304%2F Conclusions  Diabetes, an autoimmune disease, is a serious complication of pregnancy. Therefore, determination of MBL status might be beneficial in identifying type 1 diabetic patients who are at increased risk of developing both vascular complications and poor pregnancy outcomes. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0029-6Authors Magdalena Pertyńska−Marczewska, Research Institute Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Department of Fetal-Maternal Medicine and Gynecology Łódź PolandMaciej Cedzyński, Polish Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology Łódź PolandAnna Świerzko, Polish Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology Ł�... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2474591 Thu, 11 Jun 2009 14:11:10 +0100 2474591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2458692&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9r667l0210802708%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory VariaDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0028-7Authors Angelo Azzi, JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University Vascular Biology Laboratory Office 622, 711 Washington St. Boston MA 02111 USA Journal Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae ExperimentalisOnline ISSN 1661-4917Print ISSN 0004-069X (Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis) Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2458692 Thu, 04 Jun 2009 11:19:44 +0100 2458692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2448247&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd10v040t05133381%2F Conclusions:  We showed that CD4+CD8−CD3− cells can be derived from highly purified CD34+ cells on TSCs during T-cell lymphopoiesis in vitro. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0022-0Authors Jian Gang Jin, Bei Tai Ping Lu Hospital Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center Bei Jing P.R.China 100039Bao Jun Bai, Bei Tai Ping Lu Hospital Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center Bei Jing P.R.China 100039Zhi Juan Yao, Bei Tai Ping Lu Hospital Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center Bei Jing P.R.China 100039Ren Na Wu, Bei Tai Ping Lu Hospital Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center Bei Jing P.R.China 100039Kai Feng, Bei Tai Ping Lu Hospital Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center Bei Jing P.R.China 100039Jiang Wei Hu, Bei Tai ... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2448247 Fri, 29 May 2009 06:53:58 +0100 2448247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2448251&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk845p66450623308%2F This article takes issue with those who defend a brand of clinical research ethics that tends to substitute the ethics of clinical care of patients being recruited as trial subjects. The distinction between therapeutic and non-therapeutic studies is being disregarded by arguing that research is concerned with the pursuit of knowledge rather than with the medical benefits for patients. Non-competent patients may therefore be recruited for studies that will offer them no medical benefits in spite of involving them in the inherent risks of any biomedical trial. Supported by the World Medical Association, clinicians tend to shun the use of placebos in randomized trials, because of the therapeutic void created in the control group. Nevertheless, investigators continue to consider that sci... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2448251 Fri, 29 May 2009 06:53:57 +0100 2448251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2448250&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk28641m02p000460%2F Conclusion:  The acceleration of the apoptosis of PMNs of oral cavity cancer patients before treatment is dependent on both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Short CommunicationDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0023-zAuthors Ewa Jabłońska, Medical University of Białystok Department of Immunology Waszyngtona 15 A 15-274 Białystok PolandMarzena Garley, Medical University of Białystok Department of Immunology Waszyngtona 15 A 15-274 Białystok PolandJakub Jabłoński, Medical University of Białystok Department of Toxicology Białystok Poland Journal Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae ExperimentalisOnline ISSN 1661-4917Print ISSN 0004-069X (Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis) Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2448250 Fri, 29 May 2009 06:53:57 +0100 2448250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2448249&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcx3625001n2xu637%2F Conclusion:  Increased oxidative stress may lead to premature oxidative DNA damage in the gingival tissue of periodontitis patients and the salivary 8-OHdG level may signify premature oxidative mtDNA damage in diseased gingival tissue. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0026-9Authors Cenk Fatih Çanakçi, Ataturk University Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Erzurum TurkeyVarol Çanakçi, Ataturk University Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Erzurum TurkeyAbdulgani Tatar, Ataturk University Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Erzurum TurkeyAbubekir Eltas, Ataturk University Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Erzurum TurkeyUfuk Sezer, Karadeniz Technical University Department... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2448249 Fri, 29 May 2009 06:53:57 +0100 2448249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2448252&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb321667t5r728465%2F Abstract  The human immune system is a myriad of diverse cellular populations, each contributing to maintaining an effective and optimal immune response against infectious agents. It is important to maintain a “self-check” in the immune system so that responses do not go haywire, leading to the development of autoimmune diseases. Regulatory/suppressor T (Treg) cells are a specialized subpopulation of T cells that suppress the activation, expansion, and function of other T cells, thereby maintaining homeostasis through a fine balance between reactivity to foreign and self antigens. Tregs are characterized by surface expression of interleukin (IL)-2 receptor α chain (CD25) and intracellular expression of forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3). There are at least two important f... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2448252 Fri, 29 May 2009 06:53:56 +0100 2448252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2448253&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj81355l516330458%2F Abstract  Because of their unique role in linking the innate and adaptive immune systems, dendritic cells (DCs) have been a logical focus for novel immunotherapies. However, strategies employing active immunization with ex vivo generated and antigen–pulsed DCs have shown limited efficacy in clinical trials. These past approaches did not take into account the complex interactions between cells of the innate immune system and DCs during DC maturation, antigen processing, and presentation to naïve T cells. By better understanding the natural sequence of events occurring in vivo during an effective immune response, we can tailor antitumor immunotherapeutic strategies to augment aspects of this response from the activation of innate immune cells to antigen uptake and DC maturat... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2448253 Fri, 29 May 2009 06:53:55 +0100 2448253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2448254&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa68wg0m662112817%2F Abstract  Interleukin (IL)-1 consists of two distinct ligands, IL-1α and IL-1β, with indistinguishable biological activities that signal through the IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI). A naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) binds to IL-1RI without initiating signal transduction and prevents IL-1 signaling, competitively inhibiting IL-1-mediated responses. Emerging evidence suggests that the balance between IL-1 agonists and antagonists plays an essential role in a variety of cardiovascular conditions. IL-1 may play a role in atherothrombotic disease by promoting the formation of atheromatous lesions, enhancing vascular inflammation, and triggering plaque destabilization. Following myocardial infarction, IL-1 critically regulates the inflammatory response and i... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2448254 Fri, 29 May 2009 06:53:54 +0100 2448254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2448255&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F95r782123410v063%2F Abstract  Ubiquitin ligases are central components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the major machinery for regulated proteolysis in eukaryotic cells. Proteins essential for regulating development, differentiation, proliferation, cell cycling, apoptosis, gene transcription, and signal transduction undergo posttranslational processing via selection by ubiquitin ligases and subsequent controlled proteolysis by the 26S proteasome, the proteolytic unit of the UPS. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing multipotent cells of the embryonic and adult mammalian central nervous system. In the last few years, NSCs have generated considerable interest because of their potential to repair neurological damage in preclinical models of stroke, spinal cord injury, and neurodege... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2448255 Fri, 29 May 2009 06:53:53 +0100 2448255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2303778&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh5252tu8864588r1%2F Conclusions  This study demonstrated the absence of a systemic TNF-α-mediated inflammatory response at the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Early measurement of serum sICAM-1 levels offers a potential prognostic value in the assessment of patients’ outcome after brain aneurismal rupture. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0010-4Authors Anna Maria Witkowska, Medical University Department of Food Commodities Science and Technology Mieszka I4b 15-054 Białystok PolandMaria Halina Borawska, Medical University Department of Bromatology Białystok PolandKatarzyna Socha, Medical University Department of Bromatology Białystok PolandJan Kochanowicz, Medical University Department of Neurosurgery Białystok PolandZenon Mariak, Medical... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2303778 Thu, 02 Apr 2009 05:59:08 +0100 2303778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2303780&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frw202q8784335516%2F Abstract  After more than two decades of investigation, the biological role of the γδ T-cell receptors (TCRs) remains elusive. In fact, a theory of ligand recognition is still lacking that accounts for their adaptable structure, their peripheral selection, and the observed responses of γδ T cells, which do not require immunization but only include cells sharing germline-encoded components of the TCR. Assuming that all γδ T cells recognize ligands by a common mechanism, we now propose that germline-encoded components of the γδ TCRs provide for the specific recognition of a select set of antigenic determinants (Ags) which appear on the cell surface in various molecular associations. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the adaptivity of the γδ TCRs serves to increase af... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2303780 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 05:53:26 +0100 2303780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2303781&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F18g25gj22hk43u72%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory VariaDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0016-yAuthors Xavier Bosch, University of Barcelona Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Villarroel 170 08036 Barcelona Spain Journal Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae ExperimentalisOnline ISSN 1661-4917Print ISSN 0004-069X (Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis) Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2303781 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 05:53:24 +0100 2303781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2303784&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy6vp7837017q4042%2F Abstract  Relative indicators are commonly used to remove biases due to different citation practices in various scientific fields. Here we extend our recent investigation on the viability of the use of relative indicators for comparing article impact in different disciplines. We consider citation distributions for papers published in 14 of the 172 disciplines categorized by the Journal Citation Reports. The distribution of the number of citations received by publications in a certain discipline divided by the average number for the discipline is a universal function. Based on it, we compute the relative number of citations needed to be among the q percent most-cited publications in a discipline. The effect of finite samples is also discussed. The average number of citations... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2303784 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 05:53:23 +0100 2303784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2303783&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg0681mg67q0642g2%2F Abstract  The recent discovery that natural killer T (NKT) cell nuclei are totipotent opens a novel avenue for further understanding NKT cell function in normal and diseased states. The progeny of a cloned mouse harboring the in-frame rearranged Vα14-Jα18 T cell receptor in one allele showed a significant increase in NKT cell number compared with wild-type or littermate control mice that possessed a different TCR. Importantly, NKT cells from such progeny produced both interferon-γ and interleukin-4, a hallmark of NKT cells. In these progeny, NKT cell development appeared to be instructively, rather than permissively, determined. Using embryonic stem cells prepared via the somatic cell nuclear transfer of NKT nuclei, relatively mature NKT cells were induced under conditio... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2303783 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 05:53:23 +0100 2303783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2303788&cid=s_33469_3_f&fid=33469&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7654357692815586%2F Conclusions  These results therefore suggest that, similar to E. coli, LPS with a full core is also required as the acceptor of ECA for P. mirabilis strains to produce ECA LPS . Since ECA PG is not immunogenic unless combined with some proteins, it is likely that ECA PG -protein complexes formed during the intravenous immunization with the Rc mutant strain R4/O28. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00005-009-0018-9Authors Katarzyna Anna Duda, University of Silesia Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection Katowice PolandKatarzyna Teresa Duda, University of Silesia Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection Katowice PolandAgnieszka Beczała, University of Silesia Department... Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2303788 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 05:53:22 +0100 2303788