MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Autonomic Neuroscience' source. Tue, 07 Feb 2012 07:05:38 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639719&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22281046%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Degeneration of remote atrial and ventricular epicardial nerves is evident 2-3months after epicardial RFA at the PV roots. Such nerves are likely to be non-functional. Therefore, long-term autonomic dysfunction is a potential risk of PV isolation by RFA. PMID: 22281046 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639719 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5639719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639720&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22266357%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oliveira LR, de Melo VU, Macedo FN, Barreto AS, Badaue-Passos D, Viana Dos Santos MR, Dias DP, Sluka KA, Desantana JM, Santana-Filho VJ Abstract Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic non-inflammatory widespread pain (CWP) and changes in sympathetic function. In attempt to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of FM we used a well-established CWP animal model. We aimed to evaluate changes in cardiac autonomic balance and baroreflex function in response to CWP induction in rats. CWP was induced by two injections of acidic saline (pH 4.0, n=8) five days apart into the left gastrocnemius muscle. Control animals were injected twice with normal saline (pH 7.2, n=6). One day after the second injection of acidic saline or normal saline, the animals had pulse interval... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639720 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5639720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639721&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265103%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Delbro DS Abstract Various markers of the cholinergic system (like e.g. choline acetyltransferase) were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in, seemingly, β-cells of rat pancreas. The findings may suggest an autocrine role of acetylcholine for the β-cells. PMID: 22265103 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639721 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5639721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5600503&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245139%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Babygirija R, Bülbül M, Yoshimoto S, Ludwig K, Takahashi T Abstract Accumulation of continuous life stress (chronic stress) often causes gastric symptoms. Centrally released oxytocin has anxiolytic and anti-stress effects. We have recently shown that impaired gastric and colonic motility observed in acute restraint stress was restored following repeated restraint stress for 5 consecutive days (chronic homotypic stress) in mice and rats. Chronic homotypic stress upregulates oxytocin mRNA expression and downregulates corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus. However, it still remains unclear whether stress responses induced by chronic homotypic stress are accompanied by the central or peripheral release of oxytocin. Adult male SD rats were ... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5600503 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5600503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5600504&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22244716%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Marinis M, Colaizzo E, Petrelli RA, Santilli V Abstract We performed cardiovascular autonomic function tests to assess sympathetic and parasympathetic functions in patients with idiopathic hyperhidrosis. We studied 35 patients with idiopathic hyperhidrosis and 35 age- and sex-matched controls. A thermoregulatory sweat test (TST) was performed in all subjects. Sweating was qualitatively (Minor's test at 22°C) and quantitatively (skin conductance) evaluated. Orthostatism, tilt to 65°, cold pressor test, deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver and hyperventilation were performed in patients and controls. A greater fall in blood pressure values was observed in patients than in controls in the upright tests (p<0.05). In particular, postural hypotension was present in a subgro... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5600504 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5600504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578197&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226888%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zamir M, Kimmerly DS, Shoemaker JK Abstract In a premature ventricular contraction (PVC), a systolic blood pressure peak is missing during the affected cardiac cycle, leading to a prolonged reduction in blood pressure which is then followed by a large burst of sympathetic outflow. In a normal ventricular contraction, it is generally believed that peak carotid and aortic distensions associated with systolic pressure is the neural feedback that terminates sympathetic outflow through a baroreflex mechanism. Yet, the characteristically large sympathetic burst following a PVC is terminated without a systolic pressure and evidently without this mechanism. To address this anomaly, we examined the possible role of cardiac receptors in providing an alternative mechanism for the ter... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578197 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578199&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226502%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, elderly with lower vitamin B(12) status have reduced low frequency HRV suggestive of sympathetic involvement. Supplementation with vitamin B(12) for 3months results in a significant increase in low frequency HRV to values comparable with unsupplemented, but vitamin B(12) replete elderly. PMID: 22226502 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578199 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578198&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226503%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Masliukov PM, Korobkin AA, Nozdrachev AD, Timmermans JP Abstract Expression of CB in the sympathetic ganglia was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The distribution of CB immunoreactivity was studied in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), stellate ganglion (SG) and celiac ganglion (CG) from rats and cats of different ages (newborn, 10-day-old, 20-day-old, 30-day-old, two-month-old, six-month-old). We observed that the percentage of CB-immunoreactive (IR) neurons decreased during early postnatal development in rats and cats. In all studied ganglia of both species, the percentage of CB-IR neurons was high in newborn and 10-day-old animals and significantly decreased up to 30days of life. In rats of all ages, the largest percentage of CB-IR neurons was observed in the SG... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578198 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578200&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209656%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ohmori Y, Atoji Y, Saito S, Ueno H, Inoshima Y, Ishiguro N Abstract After oral challenge of the pathological prion protein, the pathogen was first detected in the distal ileum and then deposited in the brain. The present study aims determining the possible neuronal transport pathways from the small intestine to the brain in the cattle and sheep using a tracer protein. After horseradish peroxidase was injected into the wall in the duodenum of the calf and lamb and in the ileum of the lamb, the greater part of labeled neurons was detected in the celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglion complex. In the dorsal root ganglia T3 to L4 of both animals, some sensory neurons were always found to be labeled. Some parasympathetic preganglionic neurons were labeled in the dorsal motor nu... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578200 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549967&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197162%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Granjeiro EM, Gomes FV, Alves FH, Crestani CC, Corrêa FM, Resstel LB Abstract Several studies from our group have indicated that the BNST play an important role in baroreflex modulation. However, the involvement of the BNST in the chemoreflex activity is unknown. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the effect of the local bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) neurotransmission inhibition by bilateral microinjections of the non-selective synaptic blocker cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)) on the cardiovascular responses to chemoreflex activation in rats. For this purpose, chemoreflex was activated with KCN (i.v.) before and after microinjections of CoCl(2) into the BNST. Reversible BNST inactivation produced no significant changes in the magnitude and durations of both pre... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549967 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5549967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513469&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154753%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hotta H, Masunaga K, Miyazaki S, Watanabe N, Kasuya Y Abstract Effects of gentle skin stimulation of various segmental areas on the micturition contractions of the urinary bladder were examined in anesthetized male rats. The bladder was expanded by infusing saline via urethral cannula until the bladder produced rhythmic micturition contractions as a consequence of rhythmic burst discharges of vesical pelvic efferent nerves. Gentle stimulation was applied for 1min by slowly rolling on top of skin with an elastomer "roller". Rolling on the perineal area inhibited both micturition contractions and pelvic efferent discharges during and after stimulation. Stimulation of the hindlimb, abdomen and forelimb inhibited micturition contractions after stimulation ended, in this order ... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513469 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513470&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22137183%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raj SR PMID: 22137183 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513470 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5475308&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22118959%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Solernó JI, Pérez Chada D, Guinjoan SM, Pérez Lloret S, Hedderwick A, Vidal MF, Cardinali DP, Vigo DE Abstract The present study sought to determine whether autonomic activity is associated with dominance in verbal over spatial reasoning tasks. A group of 19 healthy adults who performed a verbal and spatial aptitude test was evaluated. Autonomic function was assessed by means of heart rate variability analysis, before and during the tasks. The results showed that a better relative performance in verbal over spatial reasoning tasks was associated with vagal prevalence in normal subjects. PMID: 22118959 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5475308 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5475308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5475312&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22112613%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Echeverría JC, Solís LI, Pérez JE, Gaitán-González MJ, Rivera IR, Mandujano M, Sánchez MC, González-Camarena R Abstract Early treatment by thyroid hormone in congenital hypothyroidism (CH) prevents for mental retardation, but the autonomic condition could well remain impaired. The aim of this study was to get insights about the cardiovascular regulation of CH children by analysing their heart rate variability (HRV) data. RR-interval data of 34 early treated CH children, 24 to 48months of age, were collected at rest in a clinical environment. In all these cases, CH resulted from an abnormal development of thyroid gland. Data from 29 age matched-controls were also collected in a scholar environment. Short time series were then analysed in time and frequency domains. D... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5475312 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5475312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5475317&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22104493%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Patients with FMF showed delayed recovery of heart rate and abnormal HRV and HRT parameters with respect to normal subjects. Cardiac autonomic functions might be involved in FMF patients even in patients without cardiac symptoms. PMID: 22104493 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5475317 Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5475317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5297408&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20646967%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hoyle CH Abstract Evolution is a dynamic process during which the genome should not be regarded as a static entity. Molecular and morphological information yield insights into the evolution of species and their phylogenetic relationships, and molecular information in particular provides information into the evolution of signalling processes. Many signalling systems have their origin in primitive, even unicellular, organisms. Through time, and as organismal complexity increased, certain molecules were employed as intercellular signal molecules. In the autonomic nervous system the basic unit of chemical transmission is a ligand and its cognate receptor. The general mechanisms underlying evolution of signal molecules and their cognate receptors have their basis in the alterat... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5297408 Sun, 09 Oct 2011 06:36:36 +0100 5297408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5297407&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20724224%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Olsson C, Holmgren S Abstract Gut motility is regulated to optimize food transport and processing. The autonomic innervation of the gut generally includes extrinsic cranial and spinal autonomic nerves. It also comprises the nerves contained entirely within the gut wall, i.e. the enteric nervous system. The extrinsic and enteric nervous control follows a similar pattern throughout the vertebrate groups. However, differences are common and may occur between groups and families as well as between closely related species. In this review, we give an overview of the distribution and effects of common neurotransmitters in the vertebrate gut. While the focus is on birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, mammalian data are included to form the background for comparisons. While some t... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5297407 Sun, 09 Oct 2011 06:36:26 +0100 5297407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5297406&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20727839%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jobling P Abstract The urogenital tract houses many of the organs that play a major role in homeostasis, in particular those that control water and salt balance, and reproductive function. This review focuses on the anatomical and functional innervation of the kidneys, urinary ducts and bladders of the urinary system, and the gonads, gonadal ducts, and intromittent organs of the reproductive tract. The literature, especially in recent years, is overwhelmingly skewed toward the situation in mammals. Nevertheless, where specific neurochemical markers have been investigated, common patterns of innervation can be found in representatives from most vertebrate classes. Not surprisingly the vasculature, epithelia and smooth muscle of all urogenital organs receives adrenergic inne... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5297406 Sun, 09 Oct 2011 06:36:15 +0100 5297406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5297405&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978795%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Switching on the DBS does not modify heart rate, blood pressure nor respiratory rate in both Parkinson and cluster headache patients under resting conditions. PMID: 21978795 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5297405 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5297405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260267&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21937287%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the role of a vasostatin I fragment, CgA(17-76) (VS-I((CgA17-76))), containing the portion important for biological effects. The effects of VS-I((CgA17-76)) delivered by intrathecal injection, or microinjection into the RVLM, on cardio-respiratory function in urethane anaesthetised, vagotomised, mechanically ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats (n=21) were evaluated. The effects of intrathecal VS-I((CgA17-76)) on the somato-sympathetic, baroreceptor and peripheral chemoreceptor reflexes were also examined. At the concentrations used (10, 100 or 200μM, intrathecal; or 5μM, RVLM microinjection) VS-I((CgA17-76)) produced no change in mean arterial pressure, HR, splanchnic SNA, phrenic nerve amplitude or phrenic nerve frequency. All reflexes examined were unchanged following intratheca... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260267 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260268&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21930436%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Winter J, Tanko AS, Brack KE, Coote JH, Ng GA Abstract The heart receives both a left and right sympathetic innervation. Currently there is no description of an in vitro whole heart preparation for comparing the influence of each sympathetic supply on cardiac function. The aim was to establish the viability of using an in vitro model to investigate the effects of left and right sympathetic chain stimulation (LSS/RSS). For this purpose the upper sympathetic chain on each side was isolated and bipolar stimulating electrodes were attached between T2-T3 and electrically insulated from surrounding tissue in a Langendorff innervated rabbit heart preparation (n=8). Heart rate (HR) was investigated during sinus rhythm, whilst dromotropic, inotropic and ventricular electrophysiolog... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260268 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260269&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21925970%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sandblom E, Axelsson M Abstract The autonomic nervous system has a central role in the control and co-ordination of the cardiovascular system in all vertebrates. In fish, which represent the largest and most diverse vertebrate group, the autonomic control of the circulation displays a vast variation with a number of interesting deviations from the typical vertebrate pattern. This diversity ranges from virtually no known nervous control of the circulation in hagfish, to a fully developed dual control from both cholinergic and adrenergic nerves in teleost, much resembling the situation found in other vertebrate groups. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of the autonomic nervous system in the control of the cardiovascular system in fish. We set out by provid... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260269 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5231012&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21917529%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hachani R, Dab H, Sakly M, Vicaut E, Callebert J, Sercombe R, Kacem K Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of sympathectomy on plasmatic and arterial native and oxLDL levels, as well as arterial LDL receptors (LDLR) and scavenger receptors in hypercholesterolemic rats, which are normally protected against atherosclerosis. Neonatal Wistar rats received subcutaneous injections of either guanethidine for sympathectomy (Gua+HC) or vehicle (HC), then were fed 1% cholesterol for three months. Intact normocholesterolemic rats were used as control of the HC group. Total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol were evaluated in the plasma and the abdominal aorta by an auto-analyzer. Plasmatic and aortic oxLDL and native LDL-apo B100 were assessed by a sandwi... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5231012 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5231012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218993&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21907004%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McKeown SJ, Anderson CR, Young HM PMID: 21907004 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218993 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218993 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218992&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21907636%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li XJ, Zhang W, Liang B, Zheng X, Zhou X Abstract It is considered that hypothalamus is important in the regulation of the blood glucose, but how chronic stress leads to hyperglycemia is not known. In this experiment, we used chronic immobilization stress rat as a model, and observed that only rats with increased expression of GAD65 in the amygdala had an elevated level of blood glucose. Considering there are fiber tracks between the amygdala and hypothalamus, some of which are GABAergic, this result may indicate that the change of GAD65 expression in the amygdala may be related to changes in blood glucose levels. Therefore, the amygdala may be involved in the hyperglycemic response to stress. PMID: 21907636 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuros... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218992 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218994&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889914%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van der Loo E, Congedo M, Vanneste S, De Heyning PV, De Ridder D Abstract Tinnitus affects 15% of the population. Of these 1-2% are severely disabled by it. The role of the autonomic system in tinnitus is hardly being investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between tinnitus distress and lateralization of the anterior insula, known to be involved in interoceptive awareness and (para)sympathetic changes. For this, Tinnitus Questionnaire scores are correlated to Heart Rate Variability markers, and related to neural activity in left and right anterior insula. Our results show that tinnitus distress is related to sympathetic activation, in part mediated via the right anterior insula. PMID: 21889914 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: ... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218994 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218995&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889422%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Drummond PD, Chung C Abstract Temporal pulse amplitude was recorded bilaterally in 56 participants before, during and after three ice-water immersions of the foot. Half of the participants were told that prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures could cause frostbite. Increases in pulse amplitude were greater in the ipsilateral than contralateral temple during and after the three foot-immersions. Although pulse amplitude decreased after threatening instructions and repeated immersion of the foot, the vasodilator response persisted during all three immersions. These findings suggest that nociceptive stimulation of the foot evokes an ipsilateral supra-spinal extracranial vasodilator response, possibly as part of a broader defense response. PMID: 21889422 [PubMed - as s... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218995 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218996&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880552%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cellini J, Zaura Jukic AM, Lepard KJ Abstract Both delayed gastrointestinal transit and autonomic neuropathy have been documented in patients with diabetes mellitus. The mechanism of neostigmine, an agent that mimics release of acetylcholine from autonomic neurons by prokinetic agents, to contract smooth muscle, despite dysfunctional enteric neural pathways, was determined using isolated ilea from STZ-treated and control guinea pigs. Both bethanechol- and neostigmine-induced contractions were stronger in diabetic ileum. Bethanechol-induced contractions of control but not diabetic ileum were increased by low dose scopolamine suggesting reduced activation of presynaptic muscarinic autoreceptors in diabetic ileum. The muscarinic receptor antagonist 4-DAMP strongly, but the ni... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218996 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5176097&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21868290%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, 1) there is CAD in SCA, and it is characterized by the reduction of BRS and the limitation of HR modulation mediated by the parasympathetic system; 2) cardiovascular sympathetic activity is preserved in SCA; and 3) hemoglobinopathy is the preponderant ethiopathogenic factor. PMID: 21868290 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5176097 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5176097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5176096&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21871843%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The neuron density of stellate ganglion may play an important role in the development of basilar artery vasospasm. The beneficial effect of sympathectomy for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm may be explained through this mechanism. PMID: 21871843 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5176096 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5176096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5176095&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21871844%26dopt%3DAbstract This study elucidated the disorganization in the rest activities and HRV of PD patients as well as the gradual alterations in the circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm disturbances are important to consider the mechanism of non-motor symptoms that occur from early stage of PD. PMID: 21871844 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5176095 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5176095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157330&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862419%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, diabetes induced changes in the spinal processing of cardiac input and these might contribute to cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes. PMID: 21862419 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157330 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157331&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21855422%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee J, Yamamoto T, Kuramoto H, Kadowaki M Abstract TRPV1 expressing sensory neurons which have been considered to be largely associated with neurogenic inflammation were chemically denervated by capsaicin treatment in neonatal mice. However, neonatal capsaicin treatment aggravated mouse oxazolone-induced colitis, and did not affect the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- or substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the colon. Meanwhile, the capsaicin-induced contraction was absent in the colon of neonatal capsaicin treatment mouse. These results suggest a protective role of TRPV1 expressing extrinsic sensory neurons in oxazolone-induced colitis and the involvement of some neurotransmitter other than CGRP and substance P in the pathogenesis of the colitis... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157331 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157333&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852202%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raj SR, Freeman R PMID: 21852202 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157333 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157332&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852203%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Housley GD Abstract This mini review highlights recent research on the control of breathing that places gliotransmission and purinergic signaling as core drivers to the respiratory circuits in the brainstem. These elements underpin transduction of hypercapnia, hypoxia and acid sensing at central and peripheral chemoreceptors. The processes involve propagation of an extracellular ATP signal and associated P2 receptor activation, where ATP acts on both the glial cells and the associated output cells in the sensor complex - the respiratory rhythm generator neurons and the ventral inspiratory pre-motor neurons. At the peripheral carotid chemoreceptor, the hypoxia sensor likely involves the gasotransmitter H(2)S, complemented by purinergic neurotransmission. PMID: 21852203 ... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157332 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141385&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21827970%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, TENS modulates sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in a frequency dependent manner. PMID: 21827970 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141385 Sun, 07 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141387&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21824825%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: da Cunha NV, Pinge-Filho P, Neto OB, Grassiolli S, Martins-Pinge MC Abstract We evaluate the effects of chronic treatment with celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in obese rats induced by neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG). The animals were treated with celecoxib or saline for 30days (from the 60th to the 90th day of age). On the 90th day, the MSG obesity induced an increase in the low-frequency (LF) component (CTR=5.69±18.30ms(2), MSG=38.49±6.27ms(2)) and a decrease in the high-frequency (HF) component of HRV (CTR=71.48±6.22ms(2), MSG=50.94±7.03ms(2)), which were unchanged by celecoxib treatment. We suggest that HRV in MSG obesity involves a greater sympathetic modulation not related with COX-2 prod... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141387 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141386&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21824826%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hachani R, Dab H, Sakly M, Sercombe R, Callebert J, Vicaut E, Kacem K Abstract We previously showed that sympathectomy induces thickened intima and decreases the expression of cytoskeletal proteins associated with a differentiated smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype in hypercholesterolemic rats. In the present study, we sought to determine the effect of sympathectomy on various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the aorta from these animals, since the state of SMC differentiation depends on the nature of ECM components. Collagen types I and III, previously reported to be associated with SMC dedifferentiation, and collagen VI, elastin, laminin and elastin-laminin receptor (E/L-R), previously reported to be associated with SMC differentiation, were analyzed by we... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141386 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5103187&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21813339%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mondelli M, Aretini A, Ballerini M, Vecchiarelli B, Rossi A The aim is to verify whether glabella electrical stimulation evokes sympathetic skin responses (SSR) without inter-side differences in latency and area of the responses and is more useful in mononeuropathies than peripheral nerve stimulation. SSRs were recorded in 25 healthy subjects from right palm, third (M3SSR) and fifth fingers and contralateral third finger. The inter-side differences of grand mean area and mean of largest area of M3SSR were significant only by ulnar nerve and not by glabella stimulation. Therefore glabella stimulation may be used in mononeuropathies comparing SSR area recorded from affected side with respect to contralateral healthy side. PMID: 21813339 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (S... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5103187 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5103187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5103188&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21807569%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wittwer ED, Liu Z, Warner ND, Schroeder DR, Nadeau AM, Allen AR, Murillo CJ, Elvebak RL, Aakre BM, Eisenach JH Variation in the beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor genes (ADRB1 and ADRB2, respectively) may influence cardiovascular reactivity including orthostatic stress. We tested this hypothesis in a head-up tilt (HUT) screening protocol in healthy young adults without history of syncope. Following brachial arterial catheter insertion, 120 subjects (age 18-40, 72 females, Caucasian) underwent 5min 60° HUT. Polymorphisms tested were: Ser49/Gly and Arg389/Gly in ADRB1; and Arg16/Gly, Gln27/Glu, and Thr164/Ile in ADRB2. Three statistical models (recessive, dominant, additive) were evaluated using general linear models with analysis for each physiologic variable. A recessive m... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5103188 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5103188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5103189&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21784714%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Holmgren S, Olsson C PMID: 21784714 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5103189 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5103189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5056473&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21764650%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Drummond PD, O'Brien G Forehead blood flow was monitored in seven participants with a unilateral facial nerve lesion during relaxation, respiratory biofeedback and a sad documentary. Vascular waves at 0.1Hz strengthened during respiratory biofeedback, in tune with breathing cycles that also averaged 0.1Hz. In addition, a psychomotor rhythm at 0.15Hz was more prominent in vascular waveforms on the denervated than intact side of the forehead, both before and during relaxation and the sad documentary. These findings suggest that parasympathetic activity in the facial nerve interferes with the psychomotor rhythm in the forehead microvasculature. PMID: 21764650 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5056473 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5056473 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5056474&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752726%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the reduction in systolic blood pressure following the placebo intervention could not be attributed to stress relief or anxiety reduction. Rather, results suggest that the placebo intervention specifically reduced systolic blood pressure. PMID: 21752726 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5056474 Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5056474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5056475&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21745762%26dopt%3DAbstract We report a patient with antibody-confirmed AAG and elevated levels of ACh binding antibodies that did not meet clinical or electrodiagnostic criteria for MG. We presume that his skeletal muscle nAChR seropositivity was a false positive, perhaps due to the cross reactivity of the patient's ganglionic nAChR antibodies with skeletal nAChR subtypes. PMID: 21745762 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5056475 Fri, 08 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5056475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5056476&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21737358%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the possible involvement of BMPs signaling pathway in diabetic enteric neuropathy in an experimental model of diabetes in rats. The expression of BMPs, BMPs receptors and intracellular Smad effectors were assessed in control and diabetic smooth muscle layer of jejunum by immunofluorescence, Western blot and RT-PCR methods. Myenteric neurons and glial cells were measured by immunofluorescence using specific markers. In addition, cell apoptosis was evaluated by means of direct and indirect techniques. We demonstrated that diabetic ganglia displayed a significant decrease in ganglion size due to enhanced apoptosis and loss of peripherin. A decrease in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP protein) was also observed in enteric glial cells. BMP-2 was down-regulate... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5056476 Mon, 04 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5056476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5008850&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21724473%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Richeri A, Chalar C, Martínez G, Greif G, Bianchimano P, Brauer MM Current evidence indicates that rises in systemic levels of estrogen create in the uterus an inhibitory environment for sympathetic nerves. However, molecular insights of these changes are far from complete. We evaluated if semaphorin 3F mRNA, a sympathetic nerve repellent, was produced by the rat uterus and if its expression was modulated by estrogen. We also analyzed whether uterine nerves express the semaphorin 3F binding receptor, neuropilin-2. Uterine levels of semaphorin 3F mRNA were measured using real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in prepubertal rat controls and following chronic estrogen treatment. Localization of semaphorin 3F transcripts was determined by in situ hybridization... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5008850 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5008850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4961261&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21689994%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Takakura AC, Moreira TS, Borella TL, Paulin RF, Colombari DS, De Luca LA, Colombari E, Menani JV Pilocarpine (cholinergic muscarinic agonist) injected peripherally may act centrally to produce pressor responses; in the present study, using c-fos immunoreactive expression, we investigated the forebrain and brainstem areas activated by pressor doses of intravenous (i.v.) pilocarpine. In addition, the importance of vasopressin secretion and/or sympathetic activation and the effects of lesions in the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region in awake rats were also investigated. In male Holtzman rats, pilocarpine (0.04 to 4μmol/kg b.w.) i.v. induced transitory hypotension followed by long lasting hypertension. Sympathetic blockade with prazosin (1mg/kg b.w.) i.v. or AV3V lesion... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4961261 Fri, 17 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4961261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4961263&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21684817%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hayashi T, Kondo T, Ishimatsu M, Takeya M, Igata S, Nakamura KI, Matsuoka K We investigated the function and expression pattern of the transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) in urinary bladder afferent neurons from control and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) rats. BOO was produced and, after six weeks, the effects of intravesical infusion of menthol, the agonist of TRPM8, were investigated using unanesthetized cystometry. The intravesical infusion of menthol produced an increase in the micturition pressure in both sham surgery and BOO rats. In BOO rats, increased basal and threshold pressure and a decreased micturition interval were observed. Next, the population of TRPM8-positive and the co-expression proportion of TRPM8 with neurochemical markers (NF200 or TRPV1)... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4961263 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4961263 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4961262&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21684818%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Han SY, Bolter CP Controversy persists regarding participation of the muscarinic-activated potassium current (c(KACh)) in small and moderate vagal bradycardia. We investigated this by (i) critical examination of earlier experimental data for mechanisms proposed to operate in modest vagal bradycardia (modulation of I(f) and inhibition of a junctional Na(+) current) and (ii) experiments performed on isolated vagally-innervated guinea-pig atria. In 8 superperfused preparations, 10-s trains of vagal stimulation (1 to 20Hz) produced a bradycardia that ranged from 1 to 80%. Hyperpolarisation of sinoatrial cells accompanied bradycardia in 65/67 observations (linear correlation between bradycardia and increase in maximum diastolic potential (mV)=0.076x%; R(2)=0.57; P<0.001). In bat... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4961262 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4961262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4961264&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21684220%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zoccal DB, Huidobro-Toro JP, Machado BH The development of sympathetic overactivity and hypertension in rats submitted to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) involve alterations in the central mechanisms controlling respiratory and autonomic functions. Herein, we assessed whether CIH alters glutamatergic and/or purinergic signaling in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM), a region that encompasses the pre-sympathetic neurons and respiratory neurons of the ventral respiratory column. Groups of juvenile rats were exposed for 10days to CIH (6% O(2) for 40s, every 9min, 8h/day) or normoxia (controls). Following treatment, in situ working heart-brainstem preparations were performed to record simultaneously respiratory and sympathetic motor outputs. In separate CIH and control groups, the... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4961264 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4961264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4961265&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21664880%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we assessed the effects of varenicline on heart rate variability (HRV). Thirty subjects were included in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Varenicline or placebo was administered in two different testing sessions. Time domain parameters and power spectral analysis of HRV were assessed in the supine position and during handgrip exercise before and after the participants were given placebo or varenicline. Fifteen healthy non-smokers (NS) and fifteen healthy smokers (S) were included in the study. There were no statistically significant differences among any of the time domain parameters obtained before and after placebo administration or between the S and NS groups with respect to varenicline administration. In frequency domain analyses, normal... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4961265 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4961265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4961266&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21664195%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhao H, Kinch DC, Simasko SM Cholecystokinin (CCK) directly activates vagal afferent neurons resulting in coordinated gastrointestinal functions and satiation. In vitro, the effects of CCK on dissociated vagal afferent neurons are mediated via activation of the vanilloid family of transient receptor potential (TRPV) cation channels leading to membrane depolarization and an increase in cytosolic calcium. However, the cellular transduction pathway(s) involved in this process between CCK receptors and channel opening have not been identified. To address this question, we monitored CCK-induced cytosolic calcium responses in dissociated nodose neurons from rat in the presence or absence of reagents that interact with various intracellular signaling pathways. We found that the phosp... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4961266 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4961266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4912419&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21646052%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lorentz CU, Woodward WR, Tharp K, Habecker BA Cardiac sympathetic neurons stimulate heart rate and the force of contraction through release of norepinephrine. Nerve growth factor modulates sympathetic transmission through activation of TrkA and p75NTR. Nerve growth factor plays an important role in post-infarct sympathetic remodeling. We used mice lacking p75NTR to examine the effect of altered nerve growth factor signaling on sympathetic neuropeptide expression, cardiac norepinephrine, and ventricular function after myocardial infarction. Infarct size was similar in wildtype and p75NTR-/- mice after ischemia-reperfusion surgery. Likewise, mRNAs encoding vasoactive intestinal peptide, galanin, and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptides were identical in wildtype and p... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4912419 Fri, 03 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4912419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4912420&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21641877%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Breskovic T, Steinback CD, Salmanpour A, Shoemaker JK, Dujic Z We tested the hypothesis that breath-hold divers (BHD) attain higher level of sympathetic activation than controls due to the duration of breath-hold rather than a different recruitment strategy. In 6 control subjects and 8 BHD we measured muscle sympathetic neural activity (MSNA) prior to and during functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) breath-holding. On a subset of subjects we applied a new technique for the detection of action potentials (APs) in multiunit MSNA. Compared with controls, BHD group had lower burst AP content (13±7 vs. 6±3AP/burst; P=0.05) and number of active clusters (5±1 vs. 3±1clusters/burst; P=0.05) at baseline. However, the overall sympathetic AP/unit-time was c... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4912420 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4912420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4912421&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21636330%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hanada T, Uchida S, Hotta H, Aikawa Y The effect of aging on the number, size, conduction velocity, and vasoconstrictive function of unmyelinated fibers in ovarian nerve accompanying the ovarian artery was studied in adult (4-7mo) and aged (28-31mo) rats. Morphological observation by electron microscopy showed that the ovarian nerve contains mainly unmyelinated fibers with only a small percentage (less than 4%) of myelinated fibers in either age group. The number of unmyelinated fibers tended to decrease in aged rats (717±59) compared to adult rats (801±48), especially in fibers of smaller diameter, although this difference was not statistically significant. The maximum conduction velocity of unmyelinated fibers within the ovarian nerve was similar when compared between adul... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4912421 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4912421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4912422&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21620780%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Toma K, Walkowski S, Metzler-Wilson K, Wilson TE To identify the effect of acupuncture on skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA), 17 healthy subjects (7 male and 10 female) underwent LI4 acupuncture and sham needle insertion during resting or elevated SSNA conditions. In Protocol 1 (resting SSNA), subjects received a 10min sham followed by 10min of LI4 acupuncture during resting conditions. In Protocol 2 (elevated SSNA), subjects performed 10min of submaximal intermittent handgrip (2:4s work to rest interval at 37±3% of maximal voluntary contraction) during sham and LI4 acupuncture conditions. SSNA (peroneal nerve microneurography), heart rate (ECG), and mean arterial blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography) were measured and normalized to baseline. SSNA, heart rate, and ... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4912422 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4912422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4810583&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21550860%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Silvani A, Magosso E, Bastianini S, Lenzi P, Ursino M The cross-correlation function (CCF) yields the correlation coefficient between spontaneous fluctuations of heart period and blood pressure as a function of the time shift between these variables. Two CCF patterns occur in humans: I) positive correlation between heart period and previous pressure values; II) negative correlation between heart period and subsequent pressure values. These patterns may result from the baroreflex and central autonomic commands (CAC), respectively. The aim of this study was to test this interpretation with a non-linear mathematical model of the human cardiovascular system. CAC were modeled as either phasic changes or random fluctuations of vagal and sympathetic activities with opposite sign. CCF... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4810583 Fri, 06 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4810583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4810584&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21543266%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shimizu S, Akiyama T, Kawada T, Sonobe T, Kamiya A, Shishido T, Tokudome T, Hosoda H, Shirai M, Kangawa K, Sugimachi M Although central ghrelin has cardioprotective effect through inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity, the effects of central ghrelin on cardiac vagal nerve remain unknown. We investigated the effects of centrally administered ghrelin on cardiac autonomic nerve activities using microdialysis technique. A microdialysis probe was implanted in the right atrial wall adjacent to the sinoatrial node of an anesthetized rabbit and was perfused with Ringer's solution containing a cholinesterase inhibitor, eserine. After injection of ghrelin (1nmol) into the right lateral cerebral ventricle, norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations in the dialysate sample... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4810584 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4810584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4810585&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21536501%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we assessed the role of Bezold-Jarisch reflex (BJR) in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) of malnourished (MN) and control rats (CN) with sino-aortic denervation (SAD). Fischer rats were fed diets containing either 6% (MN) or 15% (CN) protein for 35days after weaning. These rats underwent sham or SAD and catheterization of femoral artery and vein for BP measurements and drug injection. Phenylbiguanide (PBG 5μg/kg, i.v.) for activation BJR, produced bradycardia (-317±22bpm for CN vs. -372±16bpm for MN) and hypotension (-57±4mmHg for CN vs. -54±6mmHg for MN. After SAD, MN rats had reduced hypotensive (-37±7mmHg for MN vs. -82±6mmHg for CN) and bradycardic (-124±17 for MN vs. -414±20bpm CN) responses to BJR activation. To evaluate the contribution of the parasympathe... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4810585 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4810585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4810586&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21530419%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheshire WP PMID: 21530419 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4810586 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4810586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4810587&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21514900%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Curry TB, Charkoudian N The use of microneurography to measure muscle sympathetic nerve activity has provided important insights in human physiology. However, placing microelectrodes into nerves can be challenging, particularly in certain patient populations. In this paper, we describe the use of real-time ultrasound guidance to assist with microneurography, including advantages, disadvantages, and proper training. PMID: 21514900 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4810587 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4810587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4810588&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21511544%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, in a general population, impaired cardiac vagal regulation is associated with many cardiovascular risk factors, including fibrinogen. Women have a more rapid decline of vagal regulation in the second and third decades. PMID: 21511544 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4810588 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4810588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4810589&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21482200%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: nvH1N1 infection in child could be associated with severe central autonomic dysfunction. Due to potential severe consequences, a systematic evaluation of autonomic regulation should be performed in order to avoid dramatic events. PMID: 21482200 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4810589 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4810589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704260&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21463971%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gao CH, Wang F, Jiang R, Zhang J, Mou H, Yin YH The aim of the present study was to determine and quantify the cardiac autonomic innervation of the canine atria and pulmonary vein. Tissue specimens were taken from the canine pulmonary veins (PVs), posterior left atrium (PLA), left atrial roof (LAR), anterior left atrium (ALA), interatrial septum (IAS), and left atrial appendage (LAA) respectively for immunohistochemical analysis and nerve density determination. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve densities decreased in the order: PLA>PV>IAS>LAR>ALA>LAA. For sympathetic nerve, multiple comparisons between any two regions showed a significant difference (P<0.05-P<0.01) except for PV vs. PLA, IAS vs. LAR, and LAR vs. ALA; for parasympathetic nerve, all... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704260 Fri, 01 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704261&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21450535%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Philips JC, Scheen AJ The squatting test is an active posture manoeuvre that imposes one of the most potent orthostatic stresses. In normal subjects, the changes in blood pressure and heart rate are transient because of appropriate baroreflex homeostasis and do not provoke symptoms. However, in various pathological conditions, both the increase in blood pressure during squatting and the decrease in blood pressure during standing may be more important and sustained, potentially leading to complaints and adverse events. Squatting has been used to evaluate patients with tetralogy of Fallot, heart transplant, dysautonomia, including diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, and individuals prone to vasovagal syncope. Careful analysis of changes in blood pressure and heart rate... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704261 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704262&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21444250%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li X, Shaffer ML, Rodríguez-Colón SM, He F, Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Wolbrette DL, Wu C, Ball RW, Liao D Systemic inflammation (SI) is associated with impairment of cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM), which is associated with cardiac disease. However, there is limited data about SI on CAM circadian pattern, which this study aimed to investigate in a middle-aged sample. C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as a SI marker. We performed HRV analysis on each 5-min segment RRs from a 24-h 12-lead ECG to obtain time and frequency domain HRV indices as measures of CAM. The circadian pattern of CAM was analyzed by a two-stage modeling. Stage one, for each individual we fit a cosine periodic model based on the 288 segments of 5-min HRV data to produce three individual-level cosine parame... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704262 Sat, 26 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4704262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4582174&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21393070%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Freeman R, Wieling W, Axelrod FB, Benditt DG, Benarroch E, Biaggioni I, Cheshire WP, Chelimsky T, Cortelli P, Gibbons CH, Goldstein DS, Hainsworth R, Hilz MJ, Jacob G, Kaufmann H, Jordan J, Lipsitz LA, Levine BD, Low PA, Mathias C, Raj SR, Robertson D, Sandroni P, Schondorff R, Stewart JM, van Dijk JG PMID: 21393070 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4582174 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4582174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4582175&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21388894%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raj SR PMID: 21388894 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4582175 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4582175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4582176&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21377427%26dopt%3DAbstract HIGHLIGHTS IN BASIC AUTONOMIC NEUROSCIENCES: NEW AVENUES FOR THE STUDY OF AUTONOMIC FUNCTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. Auton Neurosci. 2011 Mar 3; Authors: Clancy JA, Lall VK, Deuchars SA PMID: 21377427 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4582176 Thu, 03 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4582176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4582177&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21354376%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ziegler MG, Milic M, Sun P, Tang CM, Elayan H, Bao X, Cheung WW, O'Connor DT Epinephrine (E) is a hormone released from the adrenal medulla in response to low blood sugar and other stresses. E and related β2-adrenergic agonists are used to treat asthma, but a side effect is high blood sugar. C57BL/6 mice prone to overfeeding induced type II diabetes had the PNMT gene knocked out to prevent E synthesis. These E deficient mice were very similar to control animals on a 14% fat diet. On a 40.6% fat diet they gained 20 to 33% more weight than control animals and increased their blood glucose response to a glucose tolerance test because they became resistant to insulin. Although the short term effect of β2-agonists such as E is to raise blood glucose, some long acting β2-agonists... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4582177 Fri, 25 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4582177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4528377&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21334985%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mabe AM, Hoover DB Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a frequent complication of diabetes and often presents as impaired cholinergic regulation of heart rate. Some have assumed that diabetics have degeneration of cardiac cholinergic nerves, but basic knowledge on this topic is lacking. Accordingly, our goal was to evaluate the structure and function of cardiac cholinergic neurons and nerves in C57BL/6 mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Electrocardiograms were obtained weekly from conscious control and diabetic mice for 16weeks. Resting heart rate decreased in diabetic mice, but intrinsic heart rate was unchanged. Power spectral analysis of electrocardiograms revealed decreased high frequency and increased low frequency power in diabetic mice, suggesting a relative reducti... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4528377 Fri, 18 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4528377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4528378&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21334266%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gouraud SS, Waki H, Bhuiyan ME, Takagishi M, Kohsaka A, Maeda M Since the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) is a pivotal region for regulating the set-point of arterial pressure, we propose here its role in the development of neurogenic hypertension. Given the findings of recent studies suggesting that the NTS of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) exhibits a specific inflammatory state characterized by leukocyte accumulation within the NTS microvasculature, we hypothesized that gene expression levels of apoptotic factors are altered in the NTS of SHR compared to normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). To test this hypothesis, we used RT(2) Profiler PCR arrays targeting apoptosis-related factors. We found that gene expression of the death receptor Fas (tumor necrosis factor rece... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4528378 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4528378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4528380&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21333611%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wei J, Yan L, Liu T, Xu W, Shi Z, Wu T, Wan Q Migraine may affect the autonomic nervous system, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems may play different roles in the attack. To explore the effect of blocking the cervical sympathetic nerve on vasodilation of the meningeal vessels, jugular vein calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and meningeal blood flow changes were measured before and after transection of the cervical sympathetic nerve by electrically stimulating the trigeminal ganglion in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. We found that CGRP level and meningeal blood flow increased in both the sham-operated and sympathectomized groups (p<0.05). Compared with the sham-operated group, dural blood flow decreased significantly in the ... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4528380 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4528380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4528379&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21333612%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, adults with DS show a breakdown of scale-invariant organization in heart rate dynamics towards Brownian noise and this is similar to that described in healthy aging. PMID: 21333612 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4528379 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4528379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4528382&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21316312%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lioy DT, Wu WW, Bissonnette JM Rett syndrome (RTT) is an autism spectrum disorder with an incidence of ~1:10,000 females (reviewed in Bird, 2008; Chahrour et al., 2007; Francke, 2006). Affected individuals are apparently normal at birth. Between 6-18months of age, however, RTT patients begin to exhibit deceleration of head growth, replacement of purposeful hand movements with stereotypic hand wringing, loss of speech, social withdrawal and other autistic features. RTT is caused by loss of function mutations in the gene that encodes methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (Mecp2) (Amir et al., 1999), a transcriptional repressor that targets genes essential for neuronal survival, dendritic growth, synaptogenesis, and activity dependent plasticity. MECP2 is X-linked, and males die soon afte... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4528382 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4528382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4528381&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21316313%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the acute effects of GP ablation on the sinoatrial nodal (SAN) and atrioventricular nodal (AVN) functions in a canine model. In 10 open-chest dogs, multiple electrode catheters were sutured at both atria for recording and pacing. SAN and AVN function were evaluated. GP ablation caused no significant change of sinus rate immediately after GP ablation compared with the baseline state. After GP ablation, the sinus node recovery time (SNRT) and corrected SNRT did not show significant changes at long pacing cycle lengths (CLs), and only showed significant decrease at shorter pacing CLs. The AH interval at different pacing CLs, the Wenckebach atrioventricular block (AVB) CL, 2:1 AVB CL or the ventricular rate during AF were not significantly altered by GP ablations. Vagal... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4528381 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4528381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4473332&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21306960%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, focal damage to intrinsic cardiac neuronal inputs causes short-term stunning of neuronal inducibility of AF without major loss of overall adrenergic or cholinergic efferent neuronal control. That recovery of AF inducibility occurs rapidly post-surgery indicates the plasticity of intrathoracic neuronal elements to focal injury. PMID: 21306960 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4473332 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4473332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4473334&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21300574%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, higher altitude in an air-conditioned high-rise building can lead to an increase in HRV/vagal modulation. The stay at a higher altitude in a high-rise building may lead to increased overall HRV and vagal modulation of a subject, especially for the elder people and the people who had a small HRV at ground level. PMID: 21300574 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4473334 Sat, 05 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4473334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4473333&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21300575%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Iida T, Ono K, Inagaki T, Hosokawa R, Inenaga K Cigarette smoking and nicotine enhance parotid saliva secretion, however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. To address the mechanism of nicotine-induced salivation and to explore the possibility that nicotinic receptor agonists act as sialogogues, we investigated the effects of nicotinic receptor agonists on salivary secretion in vivo and on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in digested parotid acini in vitro in rats. In urethane-anesthetized rats, intravenous administration of nicotinic receptor agonists, nicotine and cytisine, at 3μmol/kg increased whole saliva output accompanied by a pressor response with nicotine, but not with cytisine. Using Ca(2+)-imaging system on digested parotid acini in which autonomic nerve termin... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4473333 Sat, 05 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4473333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4473335&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21292566%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that reduction in carotid artery wall elastic properties may lead to low vagal tone. Furthermore, carotid distensibility seemed to modify the relation between risk-factors and HRV. Increased cardiovascular risk associated with low vagal tone may partly be mediated via changes in carotid artery elastic properties. PMID: 21292566 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4473335 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4473335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4407457&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21262592%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheshire WP PMID: 21262592 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4407457 Sat, 22 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4407457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4407458&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21233027%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sucharita S, Tinku T, Raj T, Kurpad AV, Vaz M Acute hyperinsulinemia increases sympathetic nervous system activity, it is unclear if individuals of low body mass index (BMI) have different responses from those of normal BMI. Approximately 30% of adults in India have a low BMI and are likely to become hyperinsulinemic as they transition to better nutritional planes. We evaluated whether individuals of low BMI had different autonomic nervous responses to acute hyperinsulinemia as compared with individuals of normal BMI. 51 young men were divided into 2 groups based on their BMI. All subjects underwent anthropometry, physical activity levels and a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC). Lead II ECG and beat to beat blood pressure were recorded during the HEC. Basal insulin level... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4407458 Tue, 11 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4407458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343161&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21216678%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Recordati G The data collected by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring have been studied in the phase-space of R-R interval and blood pressure and their individual distribution quantified by the slope of the regression line through 24-h values. This slope has been termed "ambulatory autonomic reciprocity index" and abbreviated as AARIs and AARId, the "s" and "d" indicating the relation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. Ambulatory monitoring was performed in 200 normotensive (NT: 135 females) and 200 untreated hypertensive patients (HT: 59 females). The AARIs was: NT: -6.04±2.7 and HT: -4.69±2.4ms/mmHg, respectively (p<0.001); the AARId was: -7.04±2.9 for NT and -5.79±2.8 for HT subjects (p<0.001). When distributed by decades of life the steepes... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343161 Sat, 08 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4343161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343164&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21216208%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides strong evidence for the presence of a specific acupunctural point that causes the modulation of cardiac autonomic function. PMID: 21216208 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343164 Thu, 06 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4343164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343167&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21215710%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ahlgren JK, Hayward LF The present study tested the hypothesis that voluntary wheel-exercised rats would better tolerate severe hemorrhage (HEM) compared to age matched sedentary (SED) controls. Conscious rats housed with (EX, n=8) or without (SED, n=8) a running wheel for 6weeks underwent a 30% total blood volume HEM over 15min and were euthanized 90min later and brain tissue was processed for Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI). Both EX and SED groups displayed typical responses to HEM (initial tachycardia followed by decreased HR and MAP) but at the end of HEM, mean arterial pressure (93±6 vs 58±3mmHg) and heart rate (316±17 vs. 247±22bpm,) were higher in the EX vs. SED animals and 60min following the end of HEM, HR remained significantly elevated in the EX vs SED animals. ... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343167 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4343167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343170&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21195678%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) exerts a sympathoinhibitory effect in patients with HF via normalizing respiratory pattern. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory pattern and oxygen saturation were examined in 29 HF patients without obstructive sleep apnea (age, 61±15years; ejection fraction, 0.32±0.09; obstructive apnea index, <5/h) before (10min), during (30min) and after (10min) the application of ASV. Periodic breathing was defined as a repeated oscillation of tidal volume with regularly recurring hyperpnea and hypopnea with a variation in tidal volume of greater than 25%. The severity of respiratory instability was determined using the coefficient of variation of tidal volume (CV-TV). Of 29 patients with HF, 11 had p... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343170 Thu, 30 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343172&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21185236%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Iwami M, Mahmoud FA, Shiina T, Hirayama H, Shima T, Sugita J, Shimizu Y Grains of paradise (GP) is a species of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, extracts of which have a pungent, peppery taste due to an aromatic ketone, 6-paradol. The aim of this study was to explore the thermogenic effects of GP extracts and of 6-paradol. Efferent discharges from sympathetic nerves entering the interscapular brown adipose tissue were recorded. Intragastric injection of a GP extract or 6-paradol enhanced the efferent discharges of the sympathetic nerves in a dose-dependent manner. The enhanced nerve discharges were sustained for as long as 3h. The rats did not become desensitized to the stimulatory effects these compounds on sympathetic nerve activity. The tissue temperature of brown adipose ... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343172 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343175&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21183409%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Piira OP, Huikuri HV, Tulppo MP The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events is higher among spectators of exciting sports events, but the mechanistic link between the events is not known. We assessed the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) dynamics of enthusiastic male ice hockey spectators (60±9years) with coronary artery disease (CAD) during Finnish national league ice hockey play-off final matches. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory ECG (n=55) and BP (n=17) were recorded at the time of the match and on a control day. Beat-to-beat R-R intervals and BP were recorded during the match and a bicycle exercise at equal HR levels (n=21). Systolic and diastolic BP were significantly higher 1h before, during, and 1h after the match than on the control day, e.g., the highest systolic... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343175 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343177&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21177144%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jyotsna VP, Naseer A, Sreenivas V, Gupta N, Deepak KK Cushing's syndrome is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It's also associated with other cardiac risk factors like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity. Cardiovascular autonomic function impairment could predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Twenty five patients with Cushing's syndrome without diabetes and twenty five age matched healthy controls underwent a battery of cardiovascular autonomic function tests including deep breath test, Valsalva test, hand grip test, cold pressor test and response to standing from lying position. The rise in diastolic blood pressure on hand grip test and diastolic BP response to cold pressor test in Cushing's patients were significantly less co... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343177 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343183&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21169068%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perry JC, Bergamaschi CT, Campos RR, Andersen ML, Casarini DE, Tufik S The present study attempted to evaluate the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) associated with sleep restriction in hemodynamic parameters and the plasma renin-angiotensin system. Wistar-Hannover rats were submitted to isolated CIH exposure (1000-1600h), sleep restriction (1600-1000h), defined as 18-h paradoxical sleep deprivation followed by 6-h sleep permission period and CIH associated to sleep restriction for 21days. The CIH and sleep restriction group showed a preferential increase in renal sympathetic nervous system (rSNA) associated with a reduction in plasma angiotensin (1-7) concentrations. However, CIH-sleep restriction rats did not modify rSNA and showed a higher angiotensin (1-7) conc... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343183 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343187&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21167796%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yamamoto H, Kawada T, Kamiya A, Miyazaki S, Sugimachi M The modalities of acupuncture can be broadly classified into manual acupuncture (MA) and electroacupuncture (EA). Although MA has been reported to cause winding of tissue around the needle and subsequent activation of the sensory mechanoreceptors and nociceptors, the sensory mechanisms of acupuncture stimulation are not fully understood. To test the hypothesis that the involvement of the mechanoreceptors in the sensory mechanism is different in MA and EA, we examined the effects of a stretch-activated channel blocker gadolinium on the hemodynamic responses to hind limb MA and EA in anesthetized rats (n=9). Gadolinium significantly attenuated the MA-induced bradycardic response (-22±5 vs. -10±3bpm, P<0.05) and tended ... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343187 Wed, 15 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343188&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21147045%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ratcliffe EM The extrinsic sensory innervation of the gastrointestinal tract is the conduit through which the gut and the central nervous system communicate. The hindbrain receives information directly from the bowel via the vagus nerve, while information from spinal afferents arrives in the central nervous system through the dorsal root ganglia. This review focuses on the molecular development of these vagal and spinal innervations, with an emphasis on mechanisms that involve axon guidance. During development, axons from both the nodose ganglia and dorsal root ganglia grow into the gut, innervate their appropriate enteric targets and avoid inappropriate cells in the gut wall. These developmental outcomes suggest that both attractive and repellent molecules are important in es... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343188 Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343191&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21147043%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Browning KN, Travagli RA The afferent vagus transmits sensory information from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and other viscera to the brainstem via a glutamatergic synapse at the level of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Second order NTS neurons integrate this sensory information with inputs from other CNS regions that regulate autonomic functions and homeostasis. Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons are responsible for conveying the integrated response to other nuclei, including the adjacent dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). The preganglionic neurons in the DMV are the source of the parasympathetic motor response back to the GI tract. The glutamatergic synapse between the NTS and DMV is unlikely to be tonically active in regulating gastric motility and tone al... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343191 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343189&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21147044%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, after the acute loss of approximately 350-400ml blood there was a greater blood pressure drop in phase II and III and a slower blood pressure recovery in phase IV of the Valsalva maneuver that resulted in an unchanged SBRS. PMID: 21147044 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343189 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343193&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21146474%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pedrino GR, Rossi MV, Schoorlemmer GH, Lopes OU, Cravo SL The peripheral hyperosmolarity elicited by intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline brings potential benefits to the treatment of hemorrhage. The neural mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects remain unknown. The present study examines the role of carotid chemoreceptors in cardiovascular responses induced by hypertonic saline after hypovolemic hemorrhage in rats. Male Wistar rats (300-400g) were anesthetized with thiopental, and instrumented for recording of mean arterial pressure. Arterial pressure was reduced to 60mm Hg by withdrawal of arterial blood over 10min, and maintained at this level for 60min by withdrawal or infusion of blood. In control rats (n=8) with intact chemoreceptors, the subsequent intraven... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343193 Thu, 09 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343192&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21146475%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our results suggest that pressor response evoked by microinjection of noradrenaline into the IC involve the activation of IC α(1)-adrenoceptors to cause the release of vasopressin into the circulation. PMID: 21146475 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343192 Thu, 09 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4251698&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21130712%26dopt%3DAbstract This article summarizes histochemical and functional studies on the autonomic innervation and control of secretory glands in non-mammalian vertebrates, including secretion of saliva in the mouth and gastric acid in the stomach, secretion of enzymes and bicarbonate from the pancreas and gut wall, secretion of mucus in the gut epithelium and onto the skin, and salt secretion from salt glands and rectal glands. Cholinergic and adrenergic nerves, directly or indirectly, in combination with different types of peptidergic and other nerves appear to innervate gland tissues and affect secretion in all investigated species. PMID: 21130712 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4251698 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4251698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4251699&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21126929%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, gastric distention-induced visceral sensitivity is mediated via the vagal pathway at low distention pressures but via both vagal and sympathetic pathways at high distention pressures. GES with long but not short pulses reduces distention-induced visceral sensitivity. PMID: 21126929 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4251699 Tue, 30 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4251699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4220819&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21118753%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kennedy C PMID: 21118753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4220819 Mon, 29 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4220819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4220820&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21112817%26dopt%3DAbstract We reported pharmacological data suggesting that stimulation of a vago-vagal reflex activates GABAergic neurons in the hindbrain that inhibit dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) neurons projecting to the antrum, but not to the fundus (Ferreira et al., 2002). The purpose of this study was to use an ultrastructural approach to test the hypothesis that GABAergic terminals form synapses with DMV antrum-projecting neurons, but not with DMV fundus-projecting neurons. A retrograde tracer, CTB-HRP, was injected into the gastric smooth muscle of either the fundus or the antrum of anesthetized rats. Animals were re-anesthetized 48h later and perfusion-fixed with acrolein and paraformaldehyde. Brainstems were processed histochemically for CTB-HRP, and immunocytochemically for glutamic acid decarb... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4220820 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4220820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4186810&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21075692%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cellini J, Dinovo K, Harlow J, Lepard KJ Delayed gastric emptying and autonomic neuropathy have been documented in patients with diabetes mellitus. Some medications used to treat delayed gastric emptying enhance release of acetylcholine from autonomic neurons to strengthen gastric contractions. Autonomic coordination among gastric regions may be altered in diabetes resulting in poor outcomes in response to prokinetic drugs. Fundus, antrum, and pylorus from STZ or control guinea pigs were treated with neostigmine to mimic release of acetylcholine from autonomic neurons by prokinetic agents. In diabetic animals, neostigmine-induced contractions were weaker in fundus and pylorus but similar in antrum. The muscarinic receptor antagonist 4-DAMP or the nicotinic receptor antagonist ... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4186810 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4186810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4168500&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21071284%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Neuhuber W, Schrödl F The vertebrate eye receives innervation from ciliary and pterygopalatine parasympathetic and cervical sympathetic ganglia as well as sensory trigeminal axons. The sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways represent the classical "core" of neural regulation of ocular homeostasis. Sensory trigeminal neurons are also involved in autonomic regulation by both providing the afferent limb of various reflexes and exerting their peptide-mediated local effector function. This arrangement is remarkably conserved throughout vertebrate classes although significant modifications are observed in anamniotes, in particular their irises. In higher primates and birds, intrinsic choroidal neurons emerged as a significant additional innervation component. They most likely med... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4168500 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4168500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4168497&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21071287%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meregnani J, Clarençon D, Vivier M, Peinnequin A, Mouret C, Sinniger V, Picq C, Job A, Canini F, Jacquier-Sarlin M, Bonaz B Vagus nerve stimulation of afferents is used as an adjunctive treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy and depression. In addition, anti-inflammatory properties of vagus nerve stimulation have been reported in various experimental models of inflammation but not in colitis. These effects are thought to be mediated via peripheral release of acetylcholine from the vagus and subsequent activation of macrophages. Our aim was to evaluate in rats the anti-inflammatory effects of chronic vagus nerve stimulation on colonic inflammation. Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Vagus nerve stimulation (left cervical) was perf... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4168497 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4168497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4168501&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21071283%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, unchanged autonomic control and total peripheral resistance suggest that increased skin vasoconstriction to standing involves rather local mechanisms-as venoarteriolar reflex-and might compensate insufficient vasoconstriction of other vascular beds. PMID: 21071283 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4168501 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4168501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4168499&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21071285%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raj SR PMID: 21071285 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4168499 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4168499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4168498&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21071286%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Heesch CM Through both genomic and nongenomic actions, ovarian hormones and their metabolites have significant effects on the central nervous system to modulate a variety of regulatory systems, including the cardiovascular system. The major metabolite of progesterone, 3α-hydroxy-dihydroprogesterone, is the most potent endogenous positive modulator of GABA(A) receptors known and central nervous system levels of this progesterone metabolite fluctuate with the ovarian cycle and are elevated in pregnant animals. Pregnancy is associated with attenuated arterial baroreflex sympathoexcitation and increased tonic GABAergic inhibition of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) likely contributes. The current experiments were performed to determine if the effects of pregnancy on arter... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4168498 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4168498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4139836&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21036672%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: CAN was associated with impaired DCA in type 1 diabetes. The magnitude of DCA impairment increased with the severity of CAN. PMID: 21036672 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4139836 Fri, 29 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4139836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4139837&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21036110%26dopt%3DAbstract DISCUSSION: Tolerance to motion sickness was aided by short-term smoking deprivation, supporting Hypothesis (i) but not Hypothesis (ii). The effect was was approximately equivalent to half of the effect of an anti-motion sickness drug. Temporary nicotine withdrawal peri-operatively may explain why smokers have reduced risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). PMID: 21036110 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4139837 Thu, 28 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4139837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4088730&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20951098%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trapp S, Hisadome K Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) is both an incretin released postprandially from the gut and a neuropeptide produced by select brainstem neurons. Its principal role is in the control of metabolic and cardiovascular functions, acting both in the periphery and within the central nervous system (CNS). Specifically, GLP-1 functions that involve the CNS include the suppression of food intake, the regulation of glucose homeostasis and the modulation of heart rate and blood pressure. Thus far, relatively little is known about the exact interplay between gut-derived and neuronally-produced GLP-1. This is partially due to the difficulty of identifying and targeting GLP-1 producing cells in vitro. This obstacle has recently been overcome by the generation of transgeni... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4088730 Tue, 12 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4088730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4064799&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20937570%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Petrashevskaya NN, Ishii M, D'Souza K, Koch SE, Fuller-Bicer GA, Schwartz A N-type (Ca(v)2.2) voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) play an important role in presynaptic neurotransmitter release in the autonomic nervous system and may be clinically relevant in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The physiological impact of N-type VDCC ablation on cardiac function, stimulus-release coupling and cardiac autonomic regulation was studied using mice deficient in the α(1B) subunit of the N-type channel (N-type-/-).The positive inotropic effect (increase in +dP/dt) secondary to high frequency field stimulation (HFFS), mediated by the sympathetic nervous system, was decreased by 33±12.6% in N-type-/- versus 89±11.4% in Wild-Type (WT)(P<0.01), whereas the negative inotr... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4064799 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4064799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4064806&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20933481%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peña MA, Echeverría JC, García MT, Ortiz MR, Martínez A, Vargas-Garcia C, González-Camarena R Aiming to detect the stage of gestation where dynamical changes of the RR fluctuations may occur, we assessed short-term fluctuations of low risk pregnant women. Ninety six, 10min ECG recordings were collected along gestation (7 to 39weeks). Corresponding RR fluctuations series were analysed to obtain the RMSSD, α(1), α(1(mag)) and α(1(sign)) parameters. Four groups covering first, second and last trimesters of gestation were conformed. No significant changes in α(1), which was close to unit, and α(1(sign)) among gestational groups were identified. But, in accordance with previous findings, we did find a significant reduction of RMSSD along gestation, and significant short-t... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4064806 Tue, 05 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4064806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4064808&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20932812%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hermes-Uliana C, Pereira-Severi LS, Luerdes RB, Franco CL, da Silva AV, Araújo EJ, Sant'ana DD Toxoplasma gondii is an aetiological agent of toxoplasmosis, which commonly causes diarrhoea in a number of species. This observation and the parasite's affinity for the nervous tissue support the theory that T. gondii infection may affect the myenteric neurons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes caused by T. gondii (genotype III) in the myenteric neurons of the jejunum in rats. Fifteen rats were distributed into three groups: control (CG), inoculated for 30days (G30) and inoculated for 90days (G90). Rats from the G30 and G90 groups received an oral inoculum with 500 oocysts from a genotype III (M7741) T. gondii strain. At 180days of age, all animals were anaesthetise... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4064808 Mon, 04 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4064808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4064828&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20926356%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Critchley HD, Nagai Y, Gray MA, Mathias CJ The combination of functional brain imaging with measurement of peripheral autonomic responses in humans can provide insight into the embodiment of mental processes and the integration of cognition and emotion with changes in somatic physiology. Initial studies in healthy people and patents validate inferences from more detailed animal experiments regarding the organization of central autonomic control. In particular these have illustrated the coupling of behaviour with sympathetic arousal. Over the last two decades, the growth of emotional neuroscience alongside advances in functional brain imaging has fuelled investigations of relationships between perception, feeling states, somatic and autonomic bodily reactions. These studies hav... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4064828 Sun, 03 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4064828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4045522&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20923721%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sommer P, Kluschina O, Schley M, Namer B, Schmelz M, Rukwied R Chemically-induced quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) are established clinical tools to assess thin fiber function in humans. We investigated stimulus-response functions to transcutaneous electrical stimuli of different current intensity (3.75 to 10mA) and pulse frequency (5 to 100Hz) comparing sweat output (ml/h/m(2)) and pain intensity (numeric rating scale [NRS], 0-10). Efferent sudomotor and afferent nociceptive responses were recorded after a 30s electrical stimulation period of distal (hand and foot) and proximal (forearm and thorax) body sites with 3 repetitive measures per body site. Sweat responses increased intensity dependently and peaked (~100ml/h/m(2)... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4045522 Sun, 03 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4045522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4027379&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20880760%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates clearly that many of the sequence techniques used to estimate baroreflex sensitivity render false positive results in the unique paradigm of brain death. Thus, the method should be selected with regard to the biological signal and the pathophysiological background. PMID: 20880760 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4027379 Sun, 26 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4027379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4009578&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20869331%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kandinov B, Korczyn AD, Rabinowitz R, Nefussy B, Drory VE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons, however it is increasingly recognized that nonmotor manifestations may occur, including autonomic nervous system dysfunction. To better understand the autonomic involvement in ALS we measured autonomic functions in transgenic (TG) mice carrying an SOD1 (G93A) mutation and wild-type (WT) control mice. TG mice had a higher heart rate at rest and following stress than WT mice at all ages except for the advanced stages of the disease (19-20weeks of age). The mean pupil diameter at rest was similar in WT and TG mice; however, TG mice had decreased mydriasis following administration of morphine. The rectal t... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4009578 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4009578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4009577&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20869332%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mravec B The initiation and progression of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are the result of a complex cascade of processes that determine both the extent of the lesion and long-term outcome. Several of these processes, including peripheral inflammation, neuroinflammation, and neuroplasticity are influenced by the activity of the afferent as well as efferent pathways of the vagus nerve. It was shown that vagus nerve stimulation significantly reduces the extent of stroke-induced lesion of brain parenchyma. However, the mechanisms of beneficial effect of increased vagal activity on pathological processes related to stroke remains largely unclear. The aim of this article is to describe the role of afferent and efferent vagal pathways in the mechanisms that influence the initiatio... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4009577 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4009577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4009580&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20851691%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Andersson M, Aronsson P, Giglio D, Wilhelmson A, Jeřábek P, Tobin G In the current study, we wanted to assess the influence of muscarinic receptors, nitric oxide and purinoceptors on the micturition pattern of conscious normal and cyclophosphamide (CYP) pre-treated rats. The micturition parameters were assessed using a metabolic cage. Rats were pre-treated with either saline or CYP, to induce cystitis, followed by treatment with either the muscarinic M1/M3/M5 receptor antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine (4-DAMP), the nitric oxide synthase blocker N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl (L-NAME), the P2 purinoceptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS) or a combination of 4-DAMP with PPADS or L-NAME. Voiding volumes per micturition e... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4009580 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4009580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4009579&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20851692%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lundeberg T, Kurosawa M PMID: 20851692 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4009579 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4009579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3982253&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20837402%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moreira TS, Takakura AC, Colombari E Inhibitory neurotransmission has an important role in the processing of sensory afferent signals in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), particularly in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated neurotransmission within the NTS produces an inhibition of the baroreflex response of splanchnic sympathetic nerve discharge (sSND). In urethane-anesthetized, artificially ventilated and vagotomized male SHR and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats we compared baroreflex-response curves evoked after bilateral injections into the NTS of the GABA-A antagonist bicuculline (25pmol/50nl) or the GABA-B antagonist CGP 35348 (5nmol/50nl). Baseline MAP in SHR was higher than the W... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3982253 Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3982253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3982254&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20833113%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheshire WP, Freeman R, Low P PMID: 20833113 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3982254 Wed, 08 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3982254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3982255&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20829121%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zamir M, Goswami R, Liu L, Salmanpour A, Shoemaker JK Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) was applied in eight human subjects to trigger low frequency oscillations in order to study the nature of functional coupling between the hemodynamic and autonomic nervous systems, with particular focus on how the myogenic response fits within this coupling. To this end muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were measured at baseline and during LBNP and were then examined in both the time and frequency domains. At the height of low frequency oscillations (~0.1Hz) there was a strong coupling between all the five indices, marked by perfect alignment of their oscillatory frequencies. ... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3982255 Mon, 06 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3982255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3955788&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20826115%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Furness JB, Pontell L, Ferens D, Bramich N, McKeon B, O'Connell HE A number of methods to augment the resistance of the outlet of the urinary bladder and to improve continence have been developed, including the artificial urinary sphincter and the placement of skeletal muscle around the urethra. It has been recently shown in a rabbit model that transplantation of smooth muscle around the proximal urethra reduces incontinence caused by internal sphincter deficiency. In the present work we have investigated the re-innervation of a peri-urethral smooth muscle transplant, and whether re-innervating axons have an appropriate effect when they are stimulated. Detrusor muscle from the dome of the bladder was transplanted to encircle the proximal urethras of rats. Rats tolerated the su... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3955788 Sun, 05 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3955788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3955790&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20817619%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Urzedo-Rodrigues LS, Ferreira HS, Almeida DO, Medeiros JP, Batista A, de Castro E Silva E, Fregoneze JB In the present study the role of 5-HT(3) receptors located at the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band complex (MS/vDB) in the control of blood pressure in unanaesthetized rats was investigated. Microinjections of ondansetron, a selective 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist, into this area caused a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure. This rise was attenuated by the blockade of alpha-adrenoceptors with i.v. prazosin and blunted by the prior microinjection of losartan, an AT1 antagonist, into this brain area. Microinjections of the 5-HT(3) agonist m-CPBG into this area failed to have any effect on blood pressure in non-stressed rats but significantly reduced the str... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3955790 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3955790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3955789&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20817620%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smith FM, Croll RP The swimbladder of teleost fishes is the primary organ for controlling whole-body density, and thus buoyancy. The volume of gas in the swimbladder is adjusted to bring the organism to near neutral buoyancy at a particular depth. Swimbladder morphology varies widely among teleosts, but all species are capable of inflating and deflating this organ under reflex control by the autonomic nervous system, to achieve neutral buoyancy. Here we review the control of effectors within the swimbladder, including acid-secreting cells, vasculature and musculature, that are involved in determining gas volume. This control system is complex. It incorporates the "classical" efferent elements of the autonomic nervous system, the spinal autonomic and cranial autonomic limbs and... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3955789 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3955789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3934761&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20813590%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kuwaki T We studied autonomic functions in orexin-deficient mice and found abnormalities in the emotional state-dependent adjustment of the central autonomic regulation on circulation and respiration. These are summarized as follows. 1) Orexin-deficient mice exposed to a stressor exhibited an attenuated fight-or-flight response, including increases in respiration and blood pressure and stress-induced analgesia. 2) Stimulation to the amygdala (AMG) or the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), both of which are implicated in the stress-induced autonomic responses, induced long-lasting cardiorespiratory excitation in wild-type mice but not in the orexin neuron-ablated mice. Hence, it is likely that the orexin system is one of the essential modulators required for orchestrat... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3934761 Mon, 30 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3934761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3824523&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20663717%26dopt%3DAbstract This article presents some recent experimental work on the effectiveness of acupuncture in changing motility in the stomach and duodenum in anesthetized rats. We have shown that electrical or mechanical acupuncture of abdominal points inhibits visceral motility; the effect is due to a spinal reflex that involves activation of sympathetic nerve fibers and requires a peripheral stimulation of skin or muscles capable of activating group VI afferent nerve fibers. In contrast, acupuncture to a hindlimb enhances gastric or duodenal motility, and the reflex at work is supra-spinal and involves the vagus nerve; the peripheral stimulation activates type III afferent fibers. In addition to the reflexes that are activated, the effects of acupuncture may be mediated via centers in the limbic system, t... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3824523 Fri, 06 Aug 2010 04:57:15 +0100 3824523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3824521&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20674512%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ohori T, Hirai T, Joho S, Kameyama T, Nozawa T, Asanoi H, Inoue H Cardiovascular events are characterized by circadian periodicity with a peak prevalence during the awakening period, which suggests a morning surge in sympathetic activity. We developed an experimental system to determine circadian changes in heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), locomotor activity (Loc), respiratory rate and autonomic function in conscious, unrestrained rats. The effects of amiodarone on circadian variation of these variables were determined in rats with myocardial infarction and subsequent congestive heart failure (CHF). We continuously recorded BP, HR and Loc for 24h in rats with CHF (n=16) or after a sham operation (Sham; n=7). To determine circadian changes in sympathovagal balance, digitiz... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3824521 Thu, 29 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3824521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3824520&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20675201%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: James C, Macefield VG We tested the hypothesis that vestibular and cardiac rhythms compete to modulate muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in human subjects. Sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation was applied across the mastoid processes at each subject's cardiac frequency and at +/-0.1, +/-0.2, +/-0.3 and +/-0.6Hz. Cyclic modulation of MSNA was weakest at this central frequency (44.8+/-2.3%; n=8); significantly lower than when delivered 0.1Hz lower (57.7+/-3.3%) or 0.1Hz higher (56.3+/-3.3%) than this frequency. We conclude that vestibular inputs compete with baroreceptor inputs operating at the cardiac rhythm, with vestibular modulation of MSNA being lowest when competition with the baroreceptors is highest. PMID: 20675201 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (So... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3824520 Thu, 29 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3824520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3824522&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20674511%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the calbindin-immunoreactive cells in the sculpin differ from mammalian IPANs with regard to several parameters and future functional studies could hopefully add information about the role of this large group of cells in the fish enteric nervous system. PMID: 20674511 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3824522 Wed, 28 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3824522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3795528&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20659817%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Strom NA, Meuchel LW, Mundy DW, Sawyer JR, Roberts SK, Kingsley-Berg SM, Charkoudian N In humans, sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerves in the skin contribute to resting vascular tone and mediate reflex vasoconstrictor responses to body cooling. Although it is well recognized that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with peripheral neurovascular changes, it is unclear to what extent the thermal responsiveness of the cutaneous vasoconstrictor system is altered in individuals with relatively uncomplicated T2DM. We tested the hypothesis that skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) is decreased at baseline and during body cooling in individuals with T2DM compared to healthy controls (C) of similar age and body size. We measured SSNA (microneurography) and skin blood flow (la... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3795528 Fri, 23 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3795528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3795529&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20655811%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cruz JC, Bonagamba LG, Machado BH In the present study we evaluated the role of purinergic mechanisms in the PVN on the tonic modulation of the autonomic function to the cardiovascular system as well on the cardiovascular responses to peripheral chemoreflex activation in awake rats. Guide-cannulae were bilaterally implanted in the direction of the PVN of male Wistar rats. Femoral artery and vein were catheterized one day before the experiments. Chemoreflex was activated with KCN (80mug/0.05ml, iv) before and after microinjections of P2 receptors antagonist into the PVN. Microinjection of PPADS, a non selective P2X antagonist, into the PVN (n=6) produced a significant increase in the baseline MAP (99+/-2 vs 112+/-3mmHg) and HR (332+/-8 vs 375+/-8bpm) but had no effect on the pr... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3795529 Wed, 21 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3795529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3777617&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20638912%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: In healthy volunteers, TM decreased sympathetic nervous activity, leading to decreased overall autonomic activity where parasympathetic nervous activity also decreased, thereby maintaining the autonomic balance. PMID: 20638912 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3777617 Thu, 15 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3777617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3777619&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20637710%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Damon DH, Teriele JA, Marko SB Ephs and ephrins are membrane-bound proteins that interact to modulate axon growth and neuronal function. We tested the hypothesis that eph/ephrin interactions affected the growth and function of vascular sympathetic innervation. Using RT-PCR analyses, we detected both classes of ephs (A and B) and both classes of ephrins (A and B) in sympathetic ganglia from neonatal and adult rats. Both classes of ephs (A and B) and both classes of ephrins (A and B) bound to the cell bodies and neurites of dissociated postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Messenger RNAs encoding for both classes of ephs (A and B) and both classes of ephrins (A and B) were also detected in sympathetically innervated arteries from neonatal and adult rats. These data suggest that ep... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3777619 Tue, 13 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3777619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3777618&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20637711%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caetano AL, Viel TA, Bittencourt MF, Araujo MS, De Angelis K, Buck HS Cardiovascular responses elicited by the stimulation of kinin B2 receptors in the IV cerebral ventricle, paratrigeminal nucleus or in the thoracic spinal cord are similar to those observed during an exercise bout. Considering that the kalikrein-kinin system (KKS) could act on the cardiovascular modulation during behavioral responses as physical exercise or stress, this study evaluated the central B2 receptor densities of Wistar (W) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after chronic moderate exercise. Animals were exercise-trained for ten weeks on a treadmill. Afterwards, systolic blood pressure decreased in both trained strains. Animals were killed and the medulla and spinal cord extracted for B2 recept... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3777618 Tue, 13 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3777618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3761789&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20630808%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang CC, Wu YS, Chen T, Chang WN, Du YC, Wu CJ, Yip HK, Tsai NW, Tan TY, Chuang YC, Wang HC, Lu CH Baroreflex sensitivity is recognized for its prognostic relevance to cardio-vascular and cerebro-vascular risks. However, little is known about the long-term outcome of baroreflex function in patients with carotid stenosis undergoing carotid stenting. Heart rate variability and cardio-vascular autonomic function, including baroreflex sensitivity, were examined using non-invasive methods in 22 adult patients who underwent carotid stenting. They were compared with the normal control group with 22 sex- and age-matched normal volunteers and the risk control group with 10 adult patients with severe stenosis or even total occlusion of the carotid artery without stenting. The groups of... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3761789 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3761789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3750708&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20609632%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Machado BH, Moraes DJ, Costa KM, Gilbey MP PMID: 20609632 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3750708 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3750708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3750705&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20615761%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wan F, Li G, Liu S, Zhu G, Xu C, Lin J, Zhang J, Li X, Liang S Myocardial ischemia causes the production of a variety of chemical substances, which act on the cardiac afferent nerve to cause pain. Myocardial damage can affect cardiac vagal afferent activity. Survivors of myocardial infarction are often left with impaired activity of cardiac vagal sensory fibres. The nodose ganglia (NG) are lower ganglia of cardiac vagus nerve, which are chiefly visceral afferent in the sensation of heart. ATP as a possible damage signal may activate nociceptive sensory neurons. Activation of P2X(3,) P2X(2/3) receptors by endogenous ATP contributes to the development of hyperalgesia. The present results have shown that the sensitivity of P2X(2/3) receptor in nodose ganglion neurons was increase... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3750705 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3750705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3750707&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20609633%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Witt CM, Brinkhaus B In general, allergic rhinitis can be divided into seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). In the following sections a summary of efficacy and effectiveness studies is presented. For this narrative review we selected studies based on the following parameters: publication in English, sample size>/=30 patients, and at least 6 acupuncture sessions. Most studies aimed to evaluate the specific effects of acupuncture treatment. Only one study evaluated effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of additional acupuncture treatment. The studies which compared acupuncture with sham acupuncture always used a penetrating sham control. A medication control group was used in only two studies and one study combined acupuncture and Chinese her... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3750707 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3750707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3734389&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20605113%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raj SR, Freeman R PMID: 20605113 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3734389 Fri, 02 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3734389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3734387&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20605114%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hori E, Takamoto K, Urakawa S, Ono T, Nishijo H Acupuncture therapy has been applied to various psychiatric diseases and chronic pain since acupuncture stimulation might affect brain activity. From this point of view, we investigated the effects of acupuncture on autonomic nervous system and brain hemodynamics in human subjects using ECGs, EEGs and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Our previous studies reported that changes in parasympathetic nervous activity were correlated with number of de-qi sensations during acupuncture manipulation. Furthermore, these autonomic changes were correlated with EEG spectral changes. These results are consistent with the suggestion that autonomic changes induced by needle manipulation inducing specific de-qi sensations might be mediated throu... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3734387 Fri, 02 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3734387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3726249&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20594922%26dopt%3DAbstract We report the effect of PVN inhibition on MAP and HR responses, corticosterone plasma levels and tail temperature response during acute restraint in rats. Bilateral microinjection of the nonspecific synaptic blocker CoCl(2) (1mM/100nL) into the PVN reduced the pressor response; it inhibited the increase in plasma corticosterone concentration as well as the fall in tail temperature associated with acute restraint stress. Moreover, bilateral microinjection of CoCl(2) into areas surrounding the PVN did not affect the blood pressure, hormonal and tail vasoconstriction responses to restraint stress. The present results show that a local PVN neurotransmission is involved in the neural pathway that controls autonomic and neuroendocrine responses, which are associated with the exposure to acute re... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3726249 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3726249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3726248&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20594923%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kalincik T, Jozefcikova K, Sutharsan R, Mackay-Sim A, Carrive P, Waite PM Spinal cord transection at T4 results in severe damage of the nervous tissue, with impairment of motor, sensory and autonomic functions. Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) has the potential to improve these functions through a number of mechanisms, which include facilitation of regeneration and neuroprotection. For cardiovascular functions, we have previously shown that OECs reduce the duration of autonomic dysreflexia, without evidence of regeneration. To further understand the mechanisms underpinning this improvement, we have studied changes in selected morphological features (cavitation, non-cavity tissue loss, morphology of sympathetic preganglionic neurons and primary afferent fib... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3726248 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3726248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3726250&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20580622%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Suzuki A, Shimura M The effects of electrical stimulation of the femur, on blood pressure, were examined in anesthetized rats. Two small holes, 3-4mm apart, were manually drilled into the femur down to the bone marrow. Following this, two stainless-steel electrodes were inserted into the holes, and an electrical square wave current was passed between the electrodes. In central nervous system-intact rats, electrical stimulation of the femur at 5 and 10mA at 20Hz for 20s produced an intensity-dependent decrease in mean arterial blood pressure. This response was abolished by severance of the femoral and sciatic nerves ipsilateral to the stimulation. Furthermore, the renal sympathetic efferent nerve activities (as a representative index of vasoconstrictor activities) decreased fol... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3726250 Thu, 24 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3726250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3726252&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20580325%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the reciprocal neural circuit between arcuate and vlPAG during EA inhibition of reflex increases in blood pressure. In alpha-chloralose anesthetized cats the gallbladder or splanchnic nerve was stimulated to induce cardiovascular sympathoexcitatory reflexes. Electrophysiological recordings showed that EA facilitates the arcuate neural response to splanchnic nerve stimulation. Bilateral vlPAG microinjection of d,l-homocysteic acid (DLH) facilitated the arcuate response to splanchnic nerve stimulation, while microinjection of kainic acid blocked EA (P 5-6 acupoints on pericardial meridian, overlying the median nerves) excitation of arcuate neurons. Retrograde microsphere tracer labeling in the arcuate or vlPAG perikarya was found after respective microinjection of the... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3726252 Wed, 23 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3726252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3726251&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20580326%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen CY, Bonham AC, Dean C, Hopp FA, Hillard CJ, Seagard JL In prior studies, we found that activation of cannabinoid-1 receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) prolonged baroreflex-induced sympathoinhibition in rats. In many regions of the central nervous system, activation of cannabinoid-1 receptors presynaptically inhibits gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release, disinhibiting postsynaptic neurons. To determine if cannabinoid-1 receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition of GABA release occurs in the NTS, we recorded miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in anatomically identified second-order baroreceptive NTS neurons in the presence of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists and tetrodotoxin. The cannabinoid-1 receptor agonists, WIN 55212-2 (0.3-30muM) and meth... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3726251 Wed, 23 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3726251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3702119&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20573550%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kiviniemi AM, Tiinanen S, Hautala AJ, Seppänen T, Norton KN, Frances MF, Nolan RP, Huikuri HV, Tulppo MP, Shoemaker JK The purpose of this study was to assess the power and the frequency of low-frequency (LF; 0.04-<0.15Hz) oscillations in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and R-R interval (RRi) across the continuum of risk of cardiovascular disease, including age. A potential confound in such determinations is low spontaneous breathing frequency in some individuals. We measured beat-to-beat SBP, RRi and respiration in healthy YOUNG (33+/-3years) and OLDER subjects (62+/-5years) and older patients with hypertension (HT, 61+/-5years), coronary artery disease without (CAD, 62+/-5years) and with type 2 diabetes (CAD+DM, 62+/-4years, n=28 for all groups) during spontaneous breath... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3702119 Sun, 20 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3702119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3683012&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20558113%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: For the first time in the medical literature, we detected sympathetic impairment during the active tilt test in chronic Chagas patients treated with benznidazole. This finding may be partially explained by benznidazole neurotoxicity. PMID: 20558113 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience) Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3683012 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3683012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3683017&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20542473%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bülbül M, Babygirija R, Zheng J, Ludwig KA, Takahashi T Orexin-A, also described as hypocretin-I, was discovered in the extracts of the rat brain. OXA is implicated in a wide variety of physiological functions, such as feeding, arousal, behavioral activity, energy homeostasis and gastrointestinal motility. Orexin receptor type-1 is highly expressed in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus. Although peripherally administered OXA abolishes small intestinal interdigestive contractions in rats, it still remains unclear whether central OXA affects interdigestive GI motility in rats. Two strain gauge transducers were attached on the antrum and duodenum to record circular muscle contractions. Spontaneous gastroduodenal contractions were recorded in freely moving conscious rats. OXA... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3683017 Fri, 11 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3683017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3683016&cid=s_34529_168_f&fid=34529&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20547473%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kobayashi D, Takamura M, Murai H, Usui S, Ikeda T, Inomata JI, Takashima SI, Kato T, Furusho H, Takeshita Y, Ota T, Takamura T, Kaneko S Activation of the sympathetic nervous system is augmented in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Pioglitazone, an anti-diabetic drug, improves insulin resistance, but its influence on sympathetic nerve activity is not clear. To identify the relationship between insulin resistance and sympathetic activity, we examined muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in controlled type 2 DM patients with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (GI). We measured MSNA and calculated homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in twelve DM patients treated with alpha-GI and thirteen age-matched healthy subjects. In DM patients with alp... Autonomic Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3683016 Fri, 11 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3683016