MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Avian Pathology' source. Mon, 30 Jan 2012 02:02:00 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448566&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107088%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alexander DJ Abstract Newcastle disease (ND) is a devastating disease of poultry that has to some extent been neglected by those working in the field in the past 10 to 15 years while attention has been focused on the emergence and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza caused by a H5N1 subtype virus. During 2000 to 2009 in the European Union (EU) member states, ND viruses virulent for chickens have been detected in wild birds, domesticated pigeons and poultry. Based on these isolations it appears that the epizootic in racing pigeons caused by the variant viruses termed pigeon avian paramyxovirus type 1, which form the genetic group 4b(VIb) first seen in Europe in 1981, continued during 2000 to 2009, and the virus is probably enzootic in racing pigeons in some EU count... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448566 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:08:46 +0100 5448566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448538&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107089%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe the development of a simple MLVA assay for S. enterica serovar Gallinarum that is comparable with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in resolution. The genome sequence of S. enterica serovar Gallinarum strain 287/91 was analysed for potential variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs) and then polymerase chain reaction assays were developed to assess the variability of the loci. Four VNTR markers were selected and used in a multiplex fragment analysis assay. The stability of the VNTR markers was assessed by conducting in vitro passage experiments with two strains (95 clones per strain) over a 30-day period. A MLVA of 68 strains of S. enterica serovar Gallinarum based on the four VNTR loci distinguished 26 allelic profiles. The MLVA assay showed a Simpson's diversity index of 0... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448538 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:08:36 +0100 5448538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448536&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107090%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shim JB, So HH, Won HK, Mo IP Abstract Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most important infectious agents in the poultry industry, and vaccines against it have been widely used for prevention and control. Live vaccines, which can replicate in the respiratory and digestive systems, have been especially needed in areas with outbreaks of viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease. Towards the goal of searching for a new live vaccine candidate, avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) was isolated from the faeces of wild birds. Three APMV-1 strains thus isolated were characterized in terms of phylogeny, pathogenicity, immunogenicity and tissue tropism, and on the basis of these analyses were classified as lentogenic genotype I NDV. CBU2179, one of the three APMV-1 strains,... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448536 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:08:26 +0100 5448536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448535&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107091%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gimeno IM, Witter RL, Cortes AL, Reed WM Abstract The present work is a chronological study of the pathogenesis of three attenuated serotype 1 Marek's disease (MD) virus strains (RM1, CVI988 and 648A80) that provide high protection against MD but have been attenuated by different procedures and induce different degrees of lymphoid organ atrophy. All studied strains replicated in the lymphoid organs (bursa,x thymus and spleen) and a peak of replication was detected at 6 days post inoculation (d.p.i.). Differences, however, were observed among vaccine strains. RM1 strain replicates more in all lymphoid organs compared with CVI988 and 648A80 strains. In addition, replication of RM1 in the thymus did not decrease after 6 d.p.i. but continued at high levels at 14 d.p.i. and unt... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448535 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:08:16 +0100 5448535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448532&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107092%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, TVN at 25 mg/kg bodyweight daily for three consecutive days in drinking water was efficacious in the treatment of M. gallisepticum infection induced by challenging 14-day-old pheasants. PMID: 22107092 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448532 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:08:06 +0100 5448532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448529&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107093%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, highly similar virulence profiles were demonstrated for isolates of E. coli associated with a single well-defined lesion type of colibacillosis in turkeys; acute haemorrhagic septicaemia. The isolates obtained, however, demonstrated a different phylogenetic background, underlining the importance of using well-defined strain collections for characterization of APEC pathotypes. PMID: 22107093 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448529 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:07:55 +0100 5448529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448528&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107094%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides evidence that various subtypes of AIV, including subtypes H5 and H7, circulate in Portugal, which may pose a risk to industrial poultry. PMID: 22107094 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448528 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:07:45 +0100 5448528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448527&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107095%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kense MJ, Landman WJ Abstract Increased mortality and problems with lameness were reported in Dutch broiler flocks from the year 2008 onwards. Therefore, a field inventory, including 10 affected broiler flocks, nine corresponding broiler breeder flocks and five hatcheries, was carried out. The onset of clinical signs (lameness and increased mortality) started at about 2 weeks of age. The flock mortality varied from 3.1 to 8.1% at slaughter. Post-mortem lesions of broiler flocks were characterized by the occurrence of pericarditis/hydropericardium, arthritis and femoral head necrosis. Enterococcus cecorum was isolated from approximately 30% of the lesions. In the broiler breeders, E. cecorum was not isolated from any of the lesions. However, it was isolated from 31 out of 6... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448527 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:07:34 +0100 5448527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448526&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107096%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Van Borm S, Vangeluwe D, Steensels M, Poncin O, van den Berg T, Lambrecht B Abstract As part of a long-term wild bird monitoring programme, five different low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza viruses (AIVs) were isolated from wild mallards (subtypes H1N1, H4N6, H5N1, H5N3, and H10N7). A LP H5N1 and two co-circulating (same location, same time period) viruses were selected for full genome sequencing. An H1N1 (A/Anas platyrhynchos/Belgium/09-762/2008) and an H5N1 virus (A/Anas platyrhynchos/Belgium/09-762-P1/2008) were isolated on the same day in November 2008, then an H5N3 virus (A/Anas platyrhynchos/09-884/2008) 5 days later in December 2008. All genes of these co-circulating viruses shared common ancestors with recent (2001 to 2007) European wild waterfowl influenza viruse... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448526 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:07:23 +0100 5448526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448525&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107097%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mbuthia PG, Njagi LW, Nyaga PN, Bebora LC, Minga U, Christensen JP, Olsen JE Abstract Twelve-week-old indigenous chickens, either immune-suppressed using dexamethasone (IS) or non-immune-suppressed (NIS), were challenged with a low virulent strain, Pasteurella multocida strain NCTC 10322(T), and developed clinical signs and pathological lesions typical of chronic fowl cholera. NIS birds demonstrated much more severe signs of fowl cholera than IS birds. With few exceptions, signs recorded in IS and NIS birds were of the same types, but significantly milder in the IS birds, indicating that immune suppression does not change the course of infection but rather the severity of signs in fowl cholera. P. multocida signals by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were observed ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448525 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:07:12 +0100 5448525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448524&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107098%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Olkowski AA, Laarveld B, Wojnarowicz C, Chirino-Trejo M, Chapman D, Wysokinski TW, Quaroni L Abstract Femoral bone degeneration has been recognized as an important cause of lameness in broiler chickens for many years, but the pathogenesis of this condition has not been completely elucidated. The current work presents comprehensive analyses of changes associated with femoral bone degeneration based on findings from gross pathology, histopathology, biochemistry, and synchrotron-based imaging techniques. Gross lesions were predominantly seen in epiphysis and metaphysis of the proximal femur, and infrequently in distal femur, but we did not observe gross lesions in the diaphysis. Bone fractures were observed occasionally, but the most common lesions involved separation of arti... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448524 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:07:01 +0100 5448524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448523&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107099%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pavic A, Groves PJ, Cox JM Abstract Members of the genus Salmonella represent a significant public health concern and also a colonizer of commercial poultry. Therefore, the early detection and management of colonized broiler breeders and their progeny is essential. There have been numerous methods for farm-based detection, with gauze-based drag swabs being the most commonly used. In the present study, the wet (boiled water, buffered peptone water and double-strength skin milk) tampon was compared with the gauze to determine the recovery rate (10(2) colony-forming units/swab) of five common poultry serovars of Salmonella and after cold (4°C/48 h) storage. The recovery was found to be equivalent when tested using the ISO6572:2002 method, for all diluents (Cohen's κ =1.0; s... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448523 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:06:50 +0100 5448523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448522&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107100%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22107100 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448522 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:06:40 +0100 5448522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448521&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107101%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22107101 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448521 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:06:30 +0100 5448521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448520&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107102%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22107102 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448520 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:06:20 +0100 5448520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448519&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107103%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22107103 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448519 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 04:06:11 +0100 5448519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270077&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21848486%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yin J, Li G, Li J, Yang Q, Ren X Abstract Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, causes infectious bronchitis leading to enormous economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) (HC) is a traditional Chinese medicine used in China. In the present study, the effect of HC on cell infection by IBV was determined using plaque assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The inhibitory effect of HC on IBV infection in ovo and in vivo was analysed using specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryos and chickens. Moreover, the effect of HC on cell apoptosis induced by IBV was investigated. Results showed that HC had more than 90% inhibition rate against IBV infection in Vero cells and chicken embryo kidney cells, and... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270077 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270076&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21854177%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nakamura S, Ochiai K, Hatai H, Ochi A, Sunden Y, Umemura T Abstract Fowl glioma-inducing virus (FGV), which belongs to avian leukosis virus subgroup A, causes the so-called fowl glioma and cerebellar hypoplasia in chickens. In the present study, the complete nucleotide sequences of four isolates (Tym-43, U-1, Sp-40 and Sp-53) related to the FGV prototype were determined and their pathogenicity was investigated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 3'-long terminal repeat of all isolates grouped together in a cluster, while sequences of the surface (SU) proteins encoded by the env gene of these viruses had 85 to 96% identity with the corresponding region of FGV. The SU regions of Tym-43, U-1 and FGV grouped together in a cluster, but those of Sp-40 and Sp-53 formed a compl... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270076 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270075&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21854179%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ovchinnikova EV, Bochkov YA, Shcherbakova LO, Nikonova ZB, Zinyakov NG, Elatkin NP, Mudrak NS, Borisov AV, Drygin VV Abstract Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates recovered in Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan between 2007 and 2010 were subjected to molecular characterization and compared with those isolated a decade ago. The IBV genome was detected in 202 out of 605 field samples from chickens with various clinical signs. Partial sequencing of the S1 gene revealed 153 vaccine strains and 49 field isolates of several genetic groups. Massachusetts, 793/B and D274 remained the predominant IBV genotypes along with QX, whereas B1648, Italy-02, Arkansas and variants accounted for about 12% of the total number. Three IBVs contained recombinant S1 gene sequences comprising ge... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270075 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270074&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21854180%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lupini C, Cecchinato M, Ricchizzi E, Naylor CJ, Catelli E Abstract Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) subtype A was isolated from 7-week-old turkeys showing respiratory disease typical of turkey rhinotracheitis. Comparison of the virus sequence with previously determined vaccine marker sequences showed that the virulent virus had originated from a licensed live subtype A aMPV vaccine. The vaccine had neither been in use on the farm within a period of at least 6 months nor had it been used on farms within a distance of approximately 5 km. Isolation of the virus and exposure to naive turkeys caused disease typical of a virulent aMPV field strain. The study shows that disease was caused by exposure to aMPV vaccine-derived virus that was present in the environment, and indicates tha... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270074 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270073&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21879803%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wales AD, Davies RH Abstract Salmonella Typhimurium has been reported to contaminate egg production across the world, but where Salmonella Enteritidis is endemic it is this latter serovar that dominates egg-borne salmonellosis. However, Salmonella Typhimurium is a major food-borne pathogen so it is important to understand how it can impact the microbiological safety of eggs and what serovar-specific control strategies may be appropriate in the future as control over Salmonella Enteritidis continues to improve. To that end, the present review examines the published literature on Salmonella Typhimurium in laying hens and eggs, with particular reference to comparative studies examining different serovars. Experimentally Salmonella Enteritidis is more often isolated from egg c... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270073 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270072&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21879992%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beaufrère H, Nevarez JG, Holder K, Pariaut R, Tully TN, Wakamatsu N Abstract Atherosclerosis is a degenerative and inflammatory vascular disease characterized in mammals and birds by the accumulation of inflammatory cells, lipids, calcium, and formation of large fibrofatty lesions within the intima of arteries resulting in the disorganization of the arterial wall and stenosis of the lumen. Despite the high incidence of atherosclerosis in parrots and the high number of case reports, there are few pathologic investigations and the ultrastructural study of the lesions has not been documented. Sixty-three major arteries were collected from 24 psittacine birds of 11 species during routine post-mortem examinations. Samples from the major arteries were fixed in 2% paraformaldehy... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270072 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270071&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21950519%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21950519 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270071 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5167396&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21854299%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Naciri M, Repérant JM, Fort G, Crespin J, Duperray J, Benzoni G Abstract The aim of the present work was, after a coccidiosis outbreak in a farm rearing red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) in Brittany (France), to identify the Eimeria species and describe gross lesions induced by three of them (Eimeria kofoidi, Eimeria caucasica and Eimeria legionensis) after experimental infection. E. kofoidi oocysts measured 19.3 µm×16.3 µm on average; neither micropyle nor oocyst residuum were present, but one, two or more small polar granules were visible. After inoculation of 300,000 oocysts per partridge, severe gross lesions were observed in the duodenum and jejunum, characterized by thickened oedematous mucosa and lumen filled with thick mucus, gas and sometimes false-membra... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5167396 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5167396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125575&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21812711%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Timbermont L, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R, Van Immerseel F Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis and related subclinical disease have become economically significant problems for the broiler industry. Fortunately, scientific interest in this topic has grown: new C. perfringens virulence factors have been discovered and new insight gained about the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis. It has been shown that alpha toxin, for a long time thought to be the key virulence factor, is not essential for the development of the disease. Moreover, it is now clearly established that only certain C. perfringens strains are capable of inducing necrotic enteritis under specific conditions that predispose to the disease and they constitute only a minority in the intestinal tract of ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125575 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125574&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21812712%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gharaibeh S, Hailat A The most effective approaches to control the spread of Mycoplasma gallisepticum include strict biosecurity measures, continuous surveillance and eradication of infected flocks. The rapid expansion of the poultry industry worldwide in restricted geographical areas and severe economic losses due to M. gallisepticum outbreaks make it crucial to identify and better control the vectors responsible for the transmission of the disease. In the present study we evaluated the susceptibility of sparrows and pigeons to M. gallisepticum and the tissue distribution of M. gallisepticum in these species as compared with chickens. This information will further define the role of these common avian species in M. gallisepticum transmission. Twenty-six chickens, pigeons, and... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125574 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125573&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21812713%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Corrand L, Gelfi J, Albaric O, Etievant M, Pingret JL, Guerin JL Goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV) is the viral agent of haemorrhagic nephritis enteritis of geese, a lethal disease of goslings. It was recently shown that GHPV can also be detected in Muscovy and mule ducks. The goal of the present study was to investigate the pathobiology of GHPV in ducks. In the first experiment, field isolates of GHPV from Muscovy or mule ducks were fully sequenced and compared with goose GHPV. These duck isolates were then used to inoculate 1-day-old goslings. Typical clinical signs and lesions of haemorrhagic nephritis enteritis of geese were reproduced, indicating that "duck-GHPV" isolates are virulent in geese. In the second experiment, 1-day-old and 21-day-old Muscovy ducklings were... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125573 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125572&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21812714%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhao W, Zhu AL, Yuan CL, Yu Y, Zhu CX, Lan DL, Yang ZB, Cui L, Hua XG Avian astrovirus infections are widespread in many countries, and infections have been linked to enteritis and increased mortality in young poultry. Although pigeons are treated as an important poultry product in some countries, their diseases are often poorly understood and astrovirus infection in pigeons has not been reported. In the present study, faecal samples were collected during an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness in a population of Shanghai pigeons. The samples were examined for astroviruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Eighty-nine per cent (40/45) and 4% (2/45) were found to be positive for avian nephritis virus (ANV) and chicken astrovirus, respectively. One positive sam... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125572 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125571&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21812715%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Andrade JG, Carvalho EC, Santos Cde P, Damatta RA Libyostrongylus dentatus and Libyostrongylus douglassii are haematophagous nematodes found in the proventriculus and the ventriculus of ostriches. Pathological damage leading to bird death has been attributed to L. douglassii. However, histopathology of the mixed infection has not been reported. The aim of the present work was to characterize the cellular inflammatory infiltrate found in the proventriculus of ostriches with a mixed infection. Analysis of the collected nematodes confirmed a mixed infection in the proventriculus of examined birds. Histopathological examination of the proventriculus showed an inflammatory infiltrate composed of granular cells in close proximity to the nematodes. The granulocyte infiltrate was comp... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125571 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125570&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21812716%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buckle KN, Alley MR A juvenile, male, yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) with abnormal stance and decreased mobility was captured, held in captivity for approximately 6 weeks, and euthanized due to continued clinical signs. Radiographically, there was bilateral degenerative joint disease with coxofemoral periarticular osteophyte formation. Grossly, the bird had bilaterally distended, thickened coxofemoral joints with increased laxity, and small, roughened and angular femoral heads. Histologically, the left femoral articular cartilage and subchondral bone were absent, and the remaining femoral head consisted of trabecular bone overlain by fibrin and granulation tissue. There was no gross or histological evidence of infection. The historic, gross, radiographic, and histo... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125570 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125569&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21812717%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vaziry A, Silim A, Bleau C, Frenette D, Lamontagne L The chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) infection may induce immunosuppression and persistent infection. The use of vaccination in young chicks is still controversial due to its low immune efficiency. In order to verify the viral persistency of a vaccinal strain of CIAV and its associated-lymphoid cell disorders, 54 1-day-old specific pathogen free chicks were vaccinated (CIAV-VAC(®); Intervet, Millsboro, Delaware, USA) and haematologic examination, expression of viral VP3 gene, humoral response and phenotyping of lymphoid cells were studied in lymphoid organs at various times post vaccination (p.v.). No clinical signs were observed but light heteropaenia was detected in CIAV-vaccinated chicks. The VP3 gene of CIAV was ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125569 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125568&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21812718%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jansson DS, Pringle M In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility to tylosin, valnemulin, tiamulin, doxycycline, lincomycin and ampicillin was investigated by broth dilution in 48 Brachyspira spp. isolates from commercial laying hens (n=30) and free-living wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) (n=18). Presumed pathogens (Brachyspira alvinipulli, Brachyspira intermedia, Brachyspira pilosicoli), commensals (Brachyspira murdochii, Brachyspira innocens, "Brachyspira pulli"), and isolates of undetermined species affiliation were included. The laying hens had not been exposed to therapeutic levels of antimicrobials for at least 50 weeks before sampling, and low levels of environmental antimicrobial exposure were presumed in mallards. No isolates with decreased susceptibility to tylosin, valn... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125568 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125567&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21812719%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gimeno IM, Cortes AL, Guy JS, Turpin E, Williams C Replication of a recombinant herpesvirus of turkey vaccine expressing infectious laryngotracheitis virus genes (rHVT-LT) was evaluated in specific pathogen free (SPF) and commercial broiler chickens after various vaccination protocols (amniotic route at embryonation day [ED] 18; intra-embryonic route at ED 19; and subcutaneous at 1 day of age [s.c.]). Three experiments were conducted: in the first experiment, replication of rHVT-LT vaccine was chronologically evaluated and compared with the replication of herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) in SPF chickens; in the second experiment, the effect of different in ovo vaccination procedures on rHVT-LT vaccine replication was evaluated in SPF chickens; and in the third experiment, the effec... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125567 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125566&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21812720%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Foti M, Rinaldo D, Guercio A, Giacopello C, Aleo A, De Leo F, Fisichella V, Mammina C Several studies have shown that migratory birds play an important role in the ecology, circulation and dissemination of pathogenic organisms. In October 2006, a health status evaluation was performed on a large population of migratory birds passing through the territory of Ustica (Italy), an island located on the migration route of many species of birds to Africa, and various laboratory tests were conducted. In total, 218 faecal swabs and the internal organs of 21 subjects found dead in nets were collected for bacteriological and virological examination, including avian influenza and Newcastle disease. In addition, 19 pooled fresh faecal samples were collected for mycological examination. The... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125566 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125565&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21812721%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Coppo MJ, Noormohammadi AH, Hartley CA, Gilkerson JR, Browning GF, Devlin JM Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute respiratory disease in poultry that is commonly controlled by vaccination with conventionally attenuated virus strains. Despite the use of these vaccines, ILT remains a threat to the intensive poultry industry. Our laboratory has developed a novel candidate vaccine strain of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) lacking glycoprotein G (ΔgG-ILTV). The aim of the present study was to directly compare this candidate vaccine with three currently available commercial vaccines in vivo. Five groups of specific-pathogen-free chickens were eye-drop inoculated with one of the three commercial vaccine strains (SA2-ILTV, A20-ILTV or Serva-ILTV), or ΔgG-ILTV, or... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125565 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125564&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21812722%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Heffels-Redmann U, Enderlein D, Herzog S, Herden C, Piepenbring A, Neumann D, Müller H, Capelli S, Müller H, Oberhäuser K, Gerlach H, Kaleta EF, Lierz M A total of 1442 live birds and 73 dead birds out of 215 bird collections in Spain, Germany, Italy, the UK and Denmark were tested for avian bornavirus (ABV) infection by four different methods. The majority of the birds were psittacines belonging to 54 different genera of the order Psittaciformes. In total, 22.8% of the birds reacted positive for ABV in at least one of the tests. Combined testing of swabs from the crop and cloaca, and serum for the diagnosis of ABV infection in live birds revealed that virus shedding and antibody production coincided in only one-fifth of the positive birds so that the examination of these t... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125564 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125563&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21812723%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21812723 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125563 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125562&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21830862%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Slavec B, Berčič RL, Cizelj I, Narat M, Zorman-Rojs O, Dovč P, Benčina D Mycoplasma synoviae synthesizes haemagglutinin VlhA, which cleaves into the N-terminal part, a lipoprotein MSPB, and a C-terminal part MSPA. Previous studies have shown that the 3'-end of the expressed vlhA gene can recombine with vlhA pseudogenes in a process called gene conversion, but there have been no data about diversification of the expressed vlhA gene in M. synoviae populations replicating in chickens. Following intratracheal inoculation with the M. synoviae strain ULB 02/T6, which showed only minor vlhA gene variation prior to inoculation, we investigated temporal changes in MSPB epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 3B4 and 50, as well as diversification of the vlhA gene sequence ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125562 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125561&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21834621%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Wit JJ, Nieuwenhuisen-van Wilgen J, Hoogkamer A, van de Sande H, Zuidam GJ, Fabri TH Since the end of 2003, strains of the D388 serotype (QX genotype) of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) have caused considerable damage to the Dutch poultry industry. In order to better understand the pathogenesis of infection caused by this infectious bronchitis variant and to be able to support the poultry industry with substantiated advice to prevent or decrease the damage caused by the D388 strain, several vaccination and challenge experiments were performed in young specific pathogen free layers, young layers with maternally derived antibodies against the D388 strain and young commercial broiler breeders. The experiments confirmed the field observations that the D388 strain of the QX ge... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125561 Mon, 04 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5125560&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21834624%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Silva N, Igrejas G, Rodrigues P, Rodrigues T, Gonçalves A, Felgar AC, Pacheco R, Gonçalves D, Cunha R, Poeta P To study the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-containing Escherichia coli isolates, and the mechanisms of resistance implicated, 220 faecal samples from wild birds were collected between 2006 and 2010 in the Azores Archipelago. Samples were spread on Slanetz-Bartley agar plates supplemented with 4 mg/l vancomycin and on Levine agar plates supplemented with 2 mg/l cefotaxime for VRE and ESBL-containing E. coli isolation, respectively. vanA-containing enterococcal isolates (four Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus durans) and vanC-1 Enterococcus gallinarum isolates were detected in six and seven faeca... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5125560 Mon, 04 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5125560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5076901&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21777083%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Felippe PA, Silva LH, Santos MB, Sakata ST, Arns CW The aim of the present study was to determine whether avian metapneumovirus (aMPV)-related viruses were present in wild and synanthropic birds in Brazil. Therefore, we analysed samples from wild birds, feral pigeons and domestic chickens in order to perform a phylogenetic comparison. To detect the presence of aMPV, a nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed with the aim of amplifying a fragment of 270 bases for subtype A and 330 bases for subtype B, comprising the gene coding the G glycoprotein. Positive samples for aMPV subtypes A and B were found in seven (13.2%) different asymptomatic wild birds and pigeons (50%) that had been received at the Bosque dos Jequitibás Zoo Triage Center, Brazil. Als... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5076901 Tue, 28 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5076901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5076900&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21780967%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Wit JJ, Dam GB, van de Laar JM, Biermann Y, Verstegen I, Edens F, Schrier CC In the present paper, we report the unexpected discovery of a new virus in samples from chicken and turkey flocks with clinical disorders such as tenosynovitis, enteric problems, or runting and/or stunting-like conditions. Since 1987, several virus isolation attempts on samples from these flocks resulted in the same macroscopic characteristic lesions in embryonated specific pathogen free eggs, being mortality with bright-red discolouration of legs and wing-tips, a swollen dark-red liver and oedema. Initial work suggested the presence of an agent with characteristics of a non-enveloped RNA virus. Further work, which is described in this paper, showed that the isolated strains formed a new group of a... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5076900 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5076900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5076899&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21780978%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Olsen RH, Stockholm NM, Permin A, Christensen JP, Christensen H, Bisgaard M Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains originating from 10 free-range layer flocks were characterized by multi-locus sequence typing and plasmid profile analysis to investigate their phylogenetic relationship and diversity, respectively. In addition to colibacillosis, all flocks tested positive for antibodies against avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) during production, and six of the flocks were concurrently affected by histomonosis. Accumulated average mortality for flocks concurrently affected by colibacillosis and histomonosis made up 17.4%, while the average mortality for E. coli-infected flocks was 16.5%. A total of eight different sequence types (STs) and 47 different plasmid profiles were demonstr... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5076899 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5076899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027914&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711181%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sjaak de Wit JJ, Cook JK, van der Heijden HM The history, current situation and control measures for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variants are reviewed. A large number of IBV variants exist worldwide; some being unique to a particular area, others having a more general distribution. The possible reasons why some strains spread readily over major parts of the world, whereas other strains stay more localized are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of strain classification by protectotyping, serotyping and genotyping are discussed in relation to in vivo protection. The different vaccination strategies are also considered. PMID: 21711181 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027914 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027913&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711182%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mahmoudian A, Kirkpatrick NC, Coppo M, Lee SW, Devlin JM, Markham PF, Browning GF, Noormohammadi AH Infectious laryngotracheitis is an acute viral respiratory disease of chickens with a worldwide distribution. Sensitive detection of the causative herpesvirus is particularly important because it can persist in the host at a very low copy number and be transmitted to other birds. Quantification of viral genome copy number is also useful for clinical investigations and experimental studies. In the study presented here, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed using SYBR Green chemistry and the viral gene UL15a to detect and quantify infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in ILTV-inoculated chicken embryos or naturally infected birds. The specificity ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027913 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027912&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711183%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schulz J, Van Hoorebeke S, Hald B, Hartung J, Van Immerseel F, Radtke I, Kabell S, Dewulf J Contaminated eggs and egg products have been recognized for many years as an important source of Salmonella infections in humans in the European Union and in the United States. Longitudinal studies can help to increase our knowledge about the dynamics of the occurrence of Salmonella in the course of a laying period. The total of 41 laying hen flocks-18 in Belgium, six in Denmark and 17 in Germany-were followed during an entire laying period. Samples taken from the empty cleaned and disinfected poultry houses were all negative for Salmonella. After hens arrived on the farms, five pooled faecal samples, one pooled dust sample and 40 cloacal swabs (Belgium and Germany) or 40 swabs from fre... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027912 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027911&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711184%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Todd D, Trudgett J, Smyth VJ, Donnelly B, McBride N, Welsh MD The capsid gene sequences of 25 avian nephritis viruses (ANVs), collected in the UK, Germany and Belgium from the 1980s to 2008, were determined and compared with those of serotype 1 (ANV-1) and serotype 2 (ANV-2) ANV isolates. Amino acid identities as low as 51% were determined. Pairwise comparisons supported by phylogenetic analysis identified six ANVs, including ANV-1 and ANV-2, which shared<80% amino acid identities with one another, and which were selected to be representative of six groups. The ANVs were not distributed according to geographical location or year of sampling, and the detection of ANVs from five different groups in 11 samples sourced from six flocks belonging to the same UK organization withi... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027911 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027910&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711185%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang HN, Lai HZ, Qi Y, Zhang XT, Ning ZY, Luo KJ, Xin CA, Cao WS, Liao M Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J), first isolated in 1989, mainly induces tumours of myeloid leukosis (ML) in meat-type chickens. In 2006, ALV-J strain SCAU-HN06 was isolated from commercial layer hens with spontaneous haemangiomas in China. To confirm its role in the induction of haemangioma, we constructed a full-length copy of the proviral genome from SCAU-HN06, recovered virus from DF-1 cells detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, characterized its growth property and investigated its pathogenicity. The recovered virus appeared to be identical to SCAU-HN06 analysed by both blast gene sequences and indirect immunofluorescence assay. It also showed similarities in growth to the parental w... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027910 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027909&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711186%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu C, Zheng S, Wang Y, Jing L, Gao H, Gao Y, Qi X, Qin L, Pan W, Wang X Two natural recombinant avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) were isolated from Chinese commercial egg-type chickens in 2009, which suffered from haemangiomas and myelocytomas. Sequence analysis of the complete proviral genomes revealed several unique genetic characteristics of the present two isolates, demonstrating that the two viruses were derived from recombination between earlier Chinese ALV-J and endogenous virus sequences. The two recombinant viruses presented typical genetic organization of replication-competent genus Alpharetrovirus, and the gag and pol genes were well conserved with those of ALVs. The env genes of the two viruses were composed of the internal identical sequences (about 240 bp) of endog... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027909 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027908&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711187%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to compare the pathogenesis, induction of immune reactions and electrophysiological changes of the gut after mono-infection with Heterakis gallinarum and after dual infection with H. gallinarum and Histomonas meleagridis in layer chickens. In two experiments 3-week-old chickens were inoculated with embryonated H. gallinarum eggs, which were positive for H. meleagridis. While birds of the first experiment were left untreated, those of the second experiment were treated with dimetridazol to prevent H. meleagridis co-infection. Mild to moderate histological lesions and local immune reactions with a significant increase in CD4(+), CD8α(+), TCRαβ(+) and TCRδγ(+) cells in the lamina propria and induction of the T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine interleuki... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027908 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027907&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711188%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Swaggerty CL, He H, Genovese KJ, Pevzner IY, Kogut MH Protein tyrosine phosphorylation mediates signal transduction of cellular processes with protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) regulating virtually all signalling events. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) super-family consists of three conserved pathways that convert receptor activation into cellular functions: extracellular response kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38. Previously conducted studies using two chicken lines (A and B) show line A heterophils are functionally more responsive and produce a differential cytokine/chemokine profile compared with line B, which also translates to increased resistance to bacterial challenges. Therefore, we hypothesize the differences between the lines result from... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027907 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027906&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711189%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Berčič RL, Cizelj I, Dušanić D, Narat M, Zorman-Rojs O, Dovč P, Benčina D Major poultry pathogens, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae share several genes, including nanH that encodes their sialidases (neuraminidases). Previous studies have shown considerable differences in neuraminidase enzymatic activity (NEAC) in M. synoviae strains and NEAC absence in individual cultures of two strains, ULB 925 and ULB 9122. The present study shows that the cultures lacking NEAC did not express NanH neuraminidase detectable by specific antibodies. In cultures of M. synoviae ULB 925 and ULB 9122, which lacked NEAC and detectable NanH, deletions of a single adenine in different nanH regions of each strain created translational frameshifts resulting in TAA (UAA) stop codons... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027906 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027905&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711190%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matsuda K, Chaudhari AA, Lee JH The safety and efficacy of a live lon-and-cpxR-deleted Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (SG) vaccine candidate (JOL916) was evaluated in young layer chickens. Vaccinated (n=25) and unvaccinated (n=25) groups were organized, respectively, at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of age. One-week-old and 2-week-old chickens were orally inoculated with 2×10(7) colony-forming units of JOL916, and orally challenged with 2 x 10(6) colony-forming units of a wild-type SG strain at the third week post vaccination (w.p.v.). Doses of vaccination and challenge were increased 10-fold for 3-week-old and 4-week-old chickens. SG-antigen-specific peripheral lymphocyte proliferation response and concentrations of plasma IgG and secretary IgA in the intestine were examined ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027905 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027904&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711191%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dinhopl N, Mostegl MM, Richter B, Nedorost N, Maderner A, Fragner K, Weissenböck H In captive penguins, avian malaria due to Plasmodium parasites is a well-recognized disease problem as these protozoa may cause severe losses among valuable collections of zoo birds. In blood films from naturally infected birds, identification and differentiation of malaria parasites based on morphological criteria are difficult because parasitaemia is frequently light and blood stages, which are necessary for identification of parasites, are often absent. Post-mortem diagnosis by histological examination of tissue samples is sometimes inconclusive due to the difficulties in differentiating protozoal tissue stages from fragmented nuclei in necrotic tissue. The diagnosis of avian malaria would b... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027904 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027903&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711192%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hawley DM, Grodio J, Frasca S, Kirkpatrick L, Ley DH The ethical and logistical challenges inherent in experimental infections of wild-caught animals present a key limitation to the study of wildlife diseases. Here we characterize a potentially useful domestic model for a wildlife disease that has been of particular interest in recent decades; that is, infection of North American house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) with Mycoplasma gallisepticum, more commonly known as a worldwide poultry pathogen. Seven domestic canaries (Serinus canaria domestica) were infected experimentally with M. gallisepticum alongside two wild-caught house finches (C. mexicanus) and the resulting clinical disease, pathogen load, serology and pathology were compared. Although rates of morbidity were hig... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027903 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027902&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711193%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Strugnell BW, Dagleish MP, Bayne CW, Brown M, Ainsworth HL, Nicholas RA, Wood A, Hodgson JC The possible cause of disease and mortality in corvids on an outdoor pig unit in the north of England between August 2007 and March 2008 was investigated. Nine carrion crows (Corvus corone corone) and nine rooks (Corvus frugilegus), comprising five live-caught birds with clinical signs of respiratory disease, one live-caught bird without respiratory disease, and 12 birds submitted dead were examined. Clinical signs, gross and histopathological examination, microbiology and toxicology indicated that Pasteurella multocida infection was the cause of disease. Molecular and serotyping analyses showed that P. multocida isolates (obtained from live-caught birds with clinical respiratory diseas... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027902 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027901&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711194%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21711194 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027901 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027900&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21711195%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Quist EM, Belcher C, Levine G, Johnson M, Heatley JJ, Kiupel M, Giri D PMID: 21711195 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027900 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727176&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500030%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to provide experimental data to examine species-related differences in susceptibility and viral shedding associated with wild bird-origin low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses in multiple duck species and gulls. Thus mallards, redheads (Aythya americana), wood ducks (Aix sponsa), and laughing gulls (Leucophaeus atricilla) were inoculated experimentally with three wild mallard-origin LPAI viruses representing multiple subtypes. Variation in susceptibility and patterns of viral shedding associated with LPAI virus infection was evident between the duck and gull species. Consistent with the literature, mallards excreted virus predominantly via the gastrointestinal tract. In wood ducks, redheads, and laughing gulls, AI virus was detected more of... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727176 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4727176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727175&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500031%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dortmans JC, Koch G, Rottier PJ, Peeters BP The pathogenesis of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) isolate AV324/96 and of its recombinant derivative, rgAV324, was studied in pigeons. For comparison, the virulent chicken virus FL-Herts, which is a recombinant derivative of strain Herts/33, was also included. After inoculation by the combined intraocular, intranasal and intratracheal route, clinical signs, virus shedding and serological responses were examined. Clinical signs were observed only in the FL-Herts-infected group. All virus-inoculated pigeons had positive tracheal swabs until 5 days post infection. However, only the AV324/96-infected and rgAV324-infected birds, and not the FL-Herts-infected birds, shed virus in the cloaca. The AV324/96-infected pigeons showed high... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727175 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4727175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727174&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500032%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smietanka K, Pikuła A, Minta Z, Meissner W Genetic characterization of the whole genome of four avian influenza H7N7 viruses isolated in three successive winter seasons (2007 to 2009) from wild mallards in three cities in Poland was performed. All of the tested strains were of low pathogenicity and no molecular marker associated with an increased adaptation to poultry, mammals or resistance to antiviral drugs was found. The major outcome of the phylogenetic studies was that the isolate A/mallard/Poland/446/09 (detected in December 2009) shared a recent common ancestor with A/mallard/Poland/41/09 (isolated in February 2009) in relation to HA and PB1 genes, with A/mallard/Poland/16/09 (found in January 2009) regarding NA and NS genes, and with A/mallard/Poland/01/08 (recovered ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727174 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4727174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727173&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500033%26dopt%3DAbstract Morphometric evaluation of "dysbacteriosis" in broilers. Avian Pathol. 2011 Apr;40(2):139-44 Authors: Teirlynck E, Gussem MD, Dewulf J, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R, Van Immerseel F In consequence of the withdrawal of products that assisted animal production, such as antimicrobial growth promoters, once-controlled enteric diseases have returned and new multifactorial diseases causing gut disorders of unknown origin have emerged in broilers. One of these widespread syndromes causing intestinal health problems in broilers is in the field referred to as "dysbacteriosis". During the present study, the histopathology of the intestinal tract of broilers affected with dysbacteriosis was analysed. Commercial broilers were given a macroscopic dysbacteriosis score by experienced veterinari... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727173 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4727173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727172&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500034%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ecco R, Susta L, Afonso CL, Miller PJ, Brown C Distribution, character, and severity of lesions were evaluated in tissues from the central nervous system of chickens inoculated with 10 different Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates: CA 1083, Korea 97-147, Australia (all velogenic viscerotropic), Texas GB and Turkey North Dakota (both velogenic neurotropic), Nevada cormorant, Anhinga and Roakin (all mesogenic), and B1 and QV4 (lentogenic). Tissues for the present study included archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain (all strains) plus spinal cord (two strains). Encephalitis was observed in all velogenic viscerotropic and velogenic neurotropic strains, and in some mesogenic strains. In general, the encephalitic lesions began at 5 days post infection, with more severe... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727172 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4727172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727171&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500035%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chacon JL, Rodrigues JN, Assayag Junior MS, Peloso C, Pedroso AC, Piantino Ferreira AJ As part of an epidemiological study of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in Brazil, 252 samples from IBV-suspect flocks were tested and the IBV-positive samples were analysed by sequencing of hypervariable regions 1 and 2 of the S1 gene. A high prevalence of IBV variants was found and the sequence analysis of 41 samples revealed a high molecular similarity among the Brazilian isolates (from 90.2 to 100% and from 85.3 to 100% nucleotide and amino acid identity, respectively). The Brazilian isolates showed low genetic relationship with Massachusetts (63.4 to 70.7%), European (45.9 to 75.6%), American (49.3 to 76.4%) and other reference serotypes (67.5 to 78.8%). The Brazilian isolates branched... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727171 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4727171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727170&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500036%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chaves AJ, Busquets N, Campos N, Ramis A, Dolz R, Rivas R, Valle R, Abad FX, Darji A, Majo N To study the pathogenesis of a H7N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus strain, specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated with decreasing concentrations of virus: 10(5.5) median embryo lethal dose (ELD(50)) (G1), 10(3.5) ELD(50) (G2) and 10(1.5) ELD(50) (G3). Disease progression was monitored over a period of 16 days and sequential necropsies and tissue samples were collected for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Viral RNA loads were also quantified in different tissues, blood, oropharyngeal swabs, and cloacal swabs using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Clinical signs of depression, apathy, listlessness, huddli... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727170 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4727170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727169&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500037%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Biđin M, Lojkic I, Biđin Z, Tisljar M, Majnaric D, Mikec M The first evidence of avian nephritis virus (ANV) in ducks is described. A diagnostic investigation was performed on three duck farms in Croatia. Samples from dead-in-shell ducklings and ducklings aged 30 days were collected and prepared for molecular and histopathological examination. Intestinal and liver samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of ANV, duck enteritis virus, duck hepatitis virus 1 and Derzsy's disease virus. Multiple tissues were collected for histological examination and lesions were found to be confined to the kidney and intestine. Moderate focal interstitial and periglomerular mononuclear cell infiltrates (mostly lymphocytes and plasma cells) were detected in the ki... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727169 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4727169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727168&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500038%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maurel S, Toquin D, Briand FX, Queguiner M, Allee C, Bertin J, Ravillion L, Retaux C, Turblin V, Morvan H, Eterradossi N An increasing incidence of enteric disorders clinically suggestive of the poult enteritis complex has been observed in turkeys in France since 2003. Using a newly designed real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay specific for the nucleocapsid (N) gene of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and turkey coronaviruses (TCoV), coronaviruses were identified in 37% of the intestinal samples collected from diseased turkey flocks. The full-length spike (S) gene of these viruses was amplified, cloned and sequenced from three samples. The French S sequences shared 98% identity at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels, whereas they were at most ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727168 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4727168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727167&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500039%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to directly demonstrate the presence of the scarcely known chicken parvovirus (ChPV) and turkey parvovirus (TuPV) in Hungarian flocks experiencing clinical signs of ED. ChPV and TuPV infection were demonstrated in 15 chicken flocks and two turkey flocks, in intestinal samples collected between 2008 and 2010. The histopathological investigation revealed enteritis in the duodenum and jejunum, and atrophy of the lymphoid organs. Indirect immunohistochemistry (IHC) suggested the intestinal epithelium of chickens and turkeys as a potential replication site of the virus, similarly to other parvoviruses, while in case of the turkey samples IHC positivity was also observed in the bursa of Fabricius, liver and pancreas. However, no direct connection could be e... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727167 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4727167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727166&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500040%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Biro E, Kocsis K, Nagy N, Molnar D, Kabell S, Palya V, Olah I The effects of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) (strain F52/70) infection were studied by immunohistochemical methods on the splenic extracellular matrix (ECM). The major fibrillar components of the ECM, the type I and type III collagens and the main ECM organizing glycoproteins (laminin, tenascin and fibronectin) were monitored up to 11 days post-infection (d.p.i.). By 3 d.p.i., the collagens that form the basic scaffold of the antigen-trapping region of the spleen are destroyed, which is followed by deterioration of the glycoproteins. The ECM in the red pulp and the other regions of the white pulp (periarteriolar lymphatic sheath and germinal centre) seem to be normal. The reason for the significantly differ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727166 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4727166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727165&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500041%26dopt%3DAbstract This report describes a case of concomitant histoplasmosis and candidiasis in an Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) characterized by severe granulomatous glossitis, blepharitis and osteomyelitis with numerous intrahistiocytic and extracellular yeasts (H. capsulatum) as well as intralesional hyphae, pseudohyphae and conidia (C. albicans). To our knowledge, co-infection with H. capsulatum and C. albicans has not been reported in an avian species. PMID: 21500041 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727165 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4727165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727164&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500042%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sprygin AV, Elatkin NP, Kolotilov AN, Volkov MS, Sorokina MI, Borisova AV, Andreychuk DB, Mudrak NS, Irza VN, Borisov AV, Drygin VV An earlier study on commercial chickens and turkeys with a history of respiratory disease established Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection rates on 164 poultry farms of the Russian Federation. Forty-seven (29%) of these poultry farms were M. gallisepticum-positive by polymerase chain reaction but isolation of the mycoplasma was successful only on 10 farms. Five field isolates from different farms were selected for pathogenicity studies in specific pathogen-free chicks. Clinical signs, seroconversion, culture rates, air sac and tracheal lesions and mean tracheal mucosal thickness were all assessed in comparison with the reference strain, S6. Of the f... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727164 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4727164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727162&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500043%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21500043 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727162 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4727162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498826&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21331943%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barrow PA, Neto OC Fowl typhoid and pullorum disease are two distinct septicaemic diseases largely specific to avian species and caused by Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum, respectively. They were first described more than one century ago. Since their discovery, many efforts have been made to control and prevent their occurrence in commercial farming of birds. However, they remain a serious economic problem to livestock in countries where measures of control are not efficient or in those where the climatic conditions favour the environmental spread of these microorganisms. During the past 15 to 20 years there has been an explosion of genetic and immunological information on the biology of these two organisms, which is beginning to contribute to a better understand... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498826 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4498826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498824&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21331944%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Payne S, Shivaprasad HL, Mirhosseini N, Gray P, Hoppes S, Weissenbock H, Tizard I A flock of 14 apparently healthy cockatiels, purchased from a single aviary, was tested for the presence of avian bornavirus (ABV). Twelve birds were found to be intermittently shedding ABV, predominantly genotype 4. Four of the cockatiels known to be shedding ABV4 were subsequently challenged with the tissue culture derived, virulent M24 strain of ABV4. The challenged birds remained in apparent good health until day 92 when one was found dead. The remaining three birds began to exhibit severe neurologic signs, ataxia and convulsions on day 110 and were euthanized. On necropsy, all four birds showed mild proventricular enlargement. In contrast, histopathological examination showed unusually sever... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498824 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4498824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498823&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21331945%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Glavits R, Ivanics E, Thuma A, Kaszanyitzky E, Samu P, Ursu K, Dencső L, Dan A The aetiology of increased mortality observed in two breeder duck flocks (Flock A consisting of 3500 laying ducks and Flock B comprising 4300 laying ducks) during the first egg-laying season was studied. In Flocks A and B, 773 ducks and 715 ducks (18.4% and 16.6%) died within a 24-week and a 20-week period, respectively. Death was preceded by clinical signs including movement difficulties, lack of appetite and depression lasting for 1 to 2 days. Diarrhoea was not observed. On gross pathological examination, the ducks were found to have haemorrhagic to fibrinonecrotic typhlocolitis, renal degeneration accompanied by fibrosis and mineralization, hepatic and splenic amyloidosis, and swelling of some o... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498823 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4498823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498822&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21331946%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McLaren I, Wales A, Breslin M, Davies R Two experimental models of Salmonella contamination were used in an attempt to mimic the conditions of disinfectant use on farms. A wet model, for conditions such as boot dips, used disinfectant application to a slurry of poultry faeces inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Typhimurium. A dry model, for disinfectant application to surfaces and equipment with adherent or residual organic material, used Salmonella-inoculated poultry faeces that were air-dried onto wooden dowels, immersed in disinfectant solution then left in air at room temperature overnight. All samples were subjected to a disinfectant neutralization step and resuscitation in broth, followed by Salmonella culture on semi-solid then indicator media. Disinfec... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498822 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4498822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498821&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21331947%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun C, Han Z, Ma H, Zhang Q, Yan B, Shao Y, Xu J, Kong X, Liu S Seventy-eight isolates of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were obtained from different field outbreaks in China in 2009 and genotyped with 34 reference strains. Four genotypes of IBV and three new isolates were identified by phylogenetic analysis and BLAST searches of the entire S1 gene. The results showed that most IBV strains that have circulated in China in recent years belong to the genotype of QX-like strains, and that they could be grouped further into two clusters, regardless of the level of genetic variation displayed. A study of pathogenicity that used three QX-like strains-ck/CH/LSD/091003, ck/CH/LDL/091022 and ck/CH/LJL/090330-showed that the isolates caused the most severe lesions in the kidney... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498821 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4498821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498820&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21331948%26dopt%3DAbstract We report here an experimental inoculation of 21-day-old geese with a GoCV polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive sample of bursa of Fabricius (BF) homogenate, and the results of clinicopathological changes. Forty geese were randomly assigned to two groups: the inoculated group (n=30) receiving tissue homogenate and the uninoculated group (n=10) receiving a placebo (physiological saline). Tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination and GoCV detection. The main clinical signs in the GoCV-inoculated geese included diarrhoea at 17 to 30 days post inoculation, marked differences of growth rate and feather disorders in three of the geese. Viraemia was detected by PCR only at 14 days post inoculation. The BF, thymus, spleen, duodenum and liver of some inoculated geese were ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498820 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4498820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498819&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21331949%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Emadi M, Jahanshiri F, Kaveh K, Hair-Bejo M, Ideris A, Alimon AR To explore the effects of the combination of tryptophan (Trp) and arginine (Arg) on growth performance, serum parameters and immune response of broiler chickens challenged with intermediate plus strain of infectious bursal disease virus vaccine, an in vivo experiment was conducted. A corn-soybean meal-based diet containing different levels of Arg and Trp was used. Cobb500 male broiler chickens from 0 to 49 days of age were subjected to a diet supplemented with the combination of Trp and Arg. Growth performance parameters and serum parameters were measured at 27 and 49 days of age. To evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of the combination of Trp and Arg on the challenged chickens, we measured the serum levels of... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498819 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4498819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498818&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21331950%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Van Waeyenberghe L, Pasmans F, Beernaert LA, Haesebrouck F, Vercammen F, Verstappen F, Dorrestein GM, Klaassen CH, Martel A Aspergillosis is one of the most common causes of death in captive birds. Aspergillosis in birds is mainly caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, a ubiquitous and opportunistic saprophyte. Currently it is not known whether there is a link between the environmental isolates and/or human isolates of A. fumigatus and those responsible for aspergillosis in birds. Microsatellite typing was used to analyse 65 clinical avian isolates and 23 environmental isolates of A. fumigatus. The 78 genotypes that were obtained were compared with a database containing genotypes of 2514 isolates from human clinical samples and from the environment. There appeared to be no specific ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498818 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4498818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498817&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21331951%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramirez AS, Naylor CJ, Yavari CA, Dare CM, Bradbury JM Mycoplasma synoviae has been associated with economic loss in the chicken and turkey industries. The molecular characterization of M. synoviae at strain level allows the analysis of relationships between strains that may be valuable in epidemiological investigations. In the present study, the intergenic spacer region (ISR) between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes was examined to see whether useful information about strains could be derived. M. synoviae has two copies of this region, which may not be exactly the same (intercistronic heterogeneity). Sequencing of the ISRs of 21 M. synoviae isolates and the type strain revealed that 19 of them had such heterogeneity so DNA cloning was performed where necessary. All sequences were a... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498817 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4498817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498816&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21331952%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maas R, Rosema S, van Zoelen D, Venema S After avian influenza (AI) vaccination, hens will produce progeny chickens with maternally derived AI-specific antibodies. In the present study we examined the effect of maternal immunity in young chickens on the protection against highly pathogenic AI H5N1 virus infection and on the effectiveness of AI vaccination. The mean haemagglutination inhibition antibody titre in sera of 14-day-old progeny chickens was approximately eight-fold lower than the mean titre in sera of vaccinated hens. After H5N1 infection at the age of 14 days, chickens with maternal antibody titres lived a few days longer than control chickens. However, only a low proportion of chickens with maternal immunity survived challenge with H5N1. In most progeny chickens wi... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498816 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4498816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498815&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21331953%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Geerligs HJ, Boelm GJ, Meinders CA, Stuurman BG, Symons J, Tarres-Call J, Bru T, Vila R, Mombarg M, Karaca K, Wijmenga W, Kumar M The attenuation of infectious bronchitis (IB) QX-like virus strain L1148 is described. The virus was passaged multiple times in embryonated specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken eggs, and at different passage levels samples were tested for safety for the respiratory tract and kidneys in 1-day-old SPF chickens. There was a clear decrease in pathogenicity for the respiratory tract and kidneys when the virus had undergone a large number of passages. Passage level 80 was investigated for safety for the reproductive tract in 1-day-old and 7-day-old SPF chickens. In 1-day-old chickens, 12.5% of the vaccinated birds had macroscopic lesions. No lesions were ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498815 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4498815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498814&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21331954%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Degernes LA, Lynch PS, Shivaprasad HL A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate degenerative joint disease (DJD) in captive waterfowl that died or were euthanized at Fresno's Chaffee Zoo in Fresno, California, USA from 2001 to 2005. Of these, 16 out of 33 birds (48%) had DJD in one or both stifle (femoral-tibiotarsal joint; n = 13), hock (tibiotarsal-tarsometatarsal joint; n = 4), or toe joints (n = 2), based on gross, histologic and/or radiographic confirmation. No joint disease was observed in any wings, nor were any infectious pathogens isolated from affected joints. Sixteen species of waterfowl were included (n = 1 to 5 per species), with an average age at death of 12.1 years and 11.3 years for waterfowl with, and without DJD, respectively. Neither age nor sex was as... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498814 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4498814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498813&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21331955%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Handharyani E, Tsukamoto M, Tsukamoto Y SC1 is an immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule purified from the Gallus gallus spinal cord. SC1 is present in embryonic tissues and plays a role in chick development through its cell adhesive property. Interestingly, increased SC1 expression is observed in some sporadic tumours of the chicken, including Marek's disease-induced lymphomas and in nephroblastomas. To elucidate the possible functions of SC1 in tumour progression in the chicken, SC1 cDNA was introduced into the endogenous SC1-negative Marek's disease-derived chicken lymphoblastoid cell line MDCC-MSB1, and subsequently the metastatic potentials of these cell lines were analysed. The in vitro analyses revealed that the SC1-transfected MDCC-MSB1 cells were enhanced i... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498813 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4498813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498812&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21331956%26dopt%3DAbstract INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS/WVPA MATTERS/ANNOUNCEMENTS. Avian Pathol. 2011 Feb;40(1):117 Authors: PMID: 21331956 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498812 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4498812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288985&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154048%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21154048 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288985 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288984&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154049%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bradbury J PMID: 21154049 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288984 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288983&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154050%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chacon JL, Mizuma MY, Piantino Ferreira AJ At the end of 2002 and throughout 2003, there was a severe outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in an intensive production area of commercial hens in the Sao Paulo State of Brazil. ILT virus was isolated from 28 flocks, and 21 isolates were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using four genes and eight restriction enzymes, and by partial sequencing of the infected cell protein 4 (ICP4) and thymidine kinase (TK) genes. Three groups resulted from the combinations of PCR-RFLP patterns: 19 field isolates formed Group I, and the remaining two isolates together with the chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccine strains formed Group II. Group III comprised the tissue-culture orig... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288983 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288982&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154051%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gregersen RH, Petersen A, Christensen H, Bisgaard M A total of 69 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis from broiler breeders demonstrating different lesion types and representing eight different flocks were characterized by multilocus sequence typing. Twenty isolates obtained from healthy birds representing two additional flocks were included for comparison. A total of 12 different sequence types (STs) was obtained. Correlation between ST and lesion type was not demonstrated. However, three STs (ST82, ST174, ST177) made up 81% of the isolates associated with lesions, indicating that these STs might be particularly associated with birds. In addition, ST174, the most frequently demonstrated ST, was only obtained from affected birds. Surprisingly, ST82, previously reported to be ass... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288982 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288981&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154052%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jindal N, Chander Y, Primus A, Redig PT, Goyal SM The present study was undertaken to detect and characterize Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in raptors. Cloacal and oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from 60 casualty raptors during January to March 2009 in Minnesota. Inoculation of all these samples (n=120) in 9-day-old embryonated hens' eggs resulted in isolation of haemagglutinating viruses in three samples from two bald eagles and one great horned owl. These three haemagglutinating viruses were confirmed as NDV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using fusion gene-specific primers, and were negative for avian influenza virus by RT-PCR. Further characterization revealed that all three possessed (112)GKQGRL(117) at the fusion gene cleavage site, ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288981 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288980&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154053%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, 2579 faecal samples from 46 chicken farms and eight Pekin duck farms in 21 prefectures in Henan Province were examined. The overall infection rate of Cryptosporidium was 10.6% (163/1542) in layer chickens (10 out of 17 farms), 3.4% (16/473) in broilers (five out of 29 farms), and 16.3% (92/564) in Pekin ducks (four out of eight farms), respectively. The highest infection rates were observed in 31-day-old to 60-day-old layer chickens (24.6%) and 11-day-old to 30-day-old Pekin ducks (40.3%). The season of highest prevalence in chickens was spring (15.6%) and the lowest was winter (P<0.01). One hundred and eighty-seven Cryptosporidium-positive samples were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the small subunit rRNA ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288980 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288979&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154054%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mahmood S, Alexander DJ, Slomka MJ, Manvell RJ, Hanna A, Fuller CM, Brown IH The nucleotide sequence of the HN gene was determined for 21 isolates of avian paramyxovirus type 2 virus and compared with the published HN gene of APMV-2/chicken/California/Yucaipa/56. The HN gene of the 22 viruses had five different lengths in the range of 1737 to 1755 nucleotides coding for 579 to 585 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis of a corresponding 1734-nucleotide sequence from the HN gene of each virus established five genetic groups (I to V), two of which (II and IV) could be divided into two sub-groups (IIa and IIb; and IVa and IVb). Although there were some exceptions, generally isolates placed in the same genetic group had >80% similarity in nucleotide sequence and <80% with the o... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288979 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288978&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154055%26dopt%3DAbstract This article presents the results of the first quantitative assessment of the risk for v-NDV introduction into an ND-free country via legal trade of live poultry. The geographical variation of the risk and the relative contribution of exporting countries and susceptible poultry species to the risk were also estimated. The model here estimated that if prevailing conditions persist, then it would be expected that ND epidemics caused by legal trade of live poultry will occur, on average, once every 196 years in Spain. These results suggest that the risk for ND epidemics in Spain, and probably the sources of recent epidemics reported in the country, were associated with routes of entry other than legal trade of poultry. PMID: 21154055 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288978 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288977&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154056%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smyth VJ, Jewhurst HL, Wilkinson DS, Adair BM, Gordon AW, Todd D The development and preliminary evaluations of two TaqMan(®)-based, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays for the quantitative detection of avian nephritis virus (ANV) and chicken astrovirus (CAstV) RNAs are described. The assays used amplicons generated from the 3' untranslated region of the ANV genome and a conserved region of CAstV open reading frame 1b including its junction with open reading frame 2. High virus RNA levels (>10(5.99) viral copies) were detected for ANV and CAstV in 81% and 67% gut content samples from growth-retarded broiler flocks. Results from longitudinal surveys of two broiler flocks showed that ANV and CAstV RNAs were detected in most gut content ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288977 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288976&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154057%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brady J, Hernandez-Doria JD, Bennett C, Guenter W, House JD, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC The present study determined the effect of Clostridium perfringens isolates taken from necrotic enteritis (NE) outbreaks on organic farms in a NE virulence testing model. Thirteen strains were isolated in the course of the study. Six C. perfringens field isolates were taken from a naturally occurring NE outbreak on an organic farm. Polymerase chain reaction toxinotyping was used to establish C. perfringens strains, as well as to create a toxin profile. All field isolates were found to be type A and positive for alpha, beta-2 and netB toxin genes. During the NE virulence model, digesta samples were collected before oral inoculation to define the C. perfringens found as part of the natural flora. ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288976 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288975&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154058%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perez-Boto D, Garcia-Pena FJ, Abad-Moreno JC, Hurtado-Pizarro MD, Perez-Cobo I, Aurora Echeita M The aim of the present study was the molecular identification of a common source of infection of Campylobacter coli in two grandparent breeder farms. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were isolated from well water and cloacal swabs from grandparent chickens. Colonies were genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism-flaA gene, pulsed field gel electrophoresis and multi-locus sequence typing. The same genotype of C. coli was found in both farms and in the well from which drinking water was supplied to the farms. The well water was epidemiologically linked as the source of C. coli infection. The molecular identification for epidemiological source-tracking of C. coli in bre... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288975 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288974&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154059%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crouch CF, Withanage GS, de Haas V, Etore F, Francis MJ Necrotic enteritis is a potentially fatal multifactorial disease of chickens, which under commercial conditions is often associated with increased levels of mortality and reduced bird performance. The safety and efficacy of a Clostridium perfringens type A alpha-toxoid (Netvax™) formulated as an oil emulsion was investigated, following maternal immunization of broiler breeder hens, housed under commercial conditions, by the intramuscular route. A total of 11,234 hens were vaccinated across two integrated poultry sites. The vaccine was safe with no systemic reactions or adverse effects on bird performance detected. Vaccination resulted in a significant increase in anti-alpha toxin antibody in the hen that was maintained ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288974 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288973&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154060%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Richter B, Schulze C, Kammerling J, Mostegl M, Weissenbock H Two Red-breasted Mergansers (Mergus serrator), one Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus), and one Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) from a German zoological collection died of necrotizing typhlitis/typhlohepatitis within 2 years. Using a newly established chromogenic in situ hybridization assay, numerous intralesional trophozoites of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum could be detected in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from the caeca and livers of the affected birds. Partial sequencing of the 18S rRNA-gene revealed two unique nucleotide sequences very similar to T. gallinarum strains isolated from avian and human hosts. One turkey kept in the same zoological collection succumbed to histomonosis (blackhead... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288973 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288972&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154061%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eriksson H, Brannstrom S, Skarin H, Chirico J Infection with the zoonotic bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes severe disease outbreaks (erysipelas) in poultry flocks. As this bacterium has been isolated from the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae), this parasite has been suggested as a possible means of transmission of E. rhusiopathiae on and between poultry farms. To further elucidate the capacity of the mite as a reservoir, we analysed and compared 56 bacterial isolates from laying hens and nine isolates from mites by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), using the restriction enzyme SmaI. The isolates originated from one outbreak in a laying hen flock housed in an indoor litter-based aviary system. Except for two isolates, a homogeneous banding pattern was ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288972 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288971&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154062%26dopt%3DAbstract This study reveals a small genetic diversity among Swedish type C strains, with a high similarity between strains from broilers and herring gulls. PMID: 21154062 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288971 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288970&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154063%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aldous EW, Mynn JK, Irvine RM, Alexander DJ, Brown IH The partial (370 nucleotides) fusion gene sequences of 55 avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) isolates were obtained. Included were 41 published sequences, of which 16 were from strains of APMV-1 of previously determined lineages included as markers for the data analysed and 25 were from APMV-1 viruses isolated from game birds of the order Galliformes. In addition, we sequenced a further 14 game bird isolates obtained from the repository at the Veterinary Laboratories Agency. The game bird isolates had been obtained from 17 countries, and spanned four decades. Earlier studies have shown that class II APMV-1 viruses can be divided into at least 15 lineages and sub-lineages. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 39 game bir... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288970 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288969&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154064%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jansson DS, Nyman A, Vågsholm I, Christensson D, Goransson M, Fossum O, Hoglund J The present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of ascarid infections in Swedish commercial laying hens in 2004 and 2008 following a recent nationwide change to alternative housing systems but before anthelmintics became available. Also, the influence on prevalence of farm and flock characteristics and management was studied in 2004. The results showed that the overall prevalence was significantly higher in 2008 (38%; n = 64/169) compared with 2004 (24%; n = 44/186) (P = 0.001). Ascarid infections were rare in caged flocks, including furnished (enriched) cages, both years (2.4 to 4.3%), and were significantly more common in non-cage systems in both years (16.7 to 48.6% in 2004, an... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288969 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288968&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21154065%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21154065 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288968 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4288968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086608&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954007%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaiser P In order to develop novel solutions to avian disease problems, including novel vaccines and/or vaccine adjuvants, and the identification of disease resistance genes which can feed into conventional breeding programmes, it is necessary to gain a more thorough understanding of the avian immune response and how pathogens can subvert that response. Birds occupy the same habitats as mammals, have similar ranges of longevity and body mass, and face similar pathogen challenges, yet birds have a different repertoire of organs, cells, molecules and genes of the immune system compared to mammals. This review summarises the current state of knowledge of the chicken's immune response, highlighting differences in the bird compared to mammals, and discusses how the availability of ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086608 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086607&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954008%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beernaert LA, Pasmans F, Van Waeyenberghe L, Haesebrouck F, Martel A Aspergillosis is an infectious, non-contagious fungal disease caused by species in the ubiquitous opportunistic saprophytic genus Aspergillus, in particular Aspergillus fumigatus. This mycosis was described many years ago, but continues to be a major cause of mortality in captive birds and, less frequently, in free-living birds. Although aspergillosis is predominantly a disease of the respiratory tract, all organs can be involved, leading to a variety of manifestations ranging from acute to chronic infections. It is believed that impaired immunity and the inhalation of a considerable amount of spores are important causative factors. The pathogenesis, early diagnostic methods and antifungal treatment schedules... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086607 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086606&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954009%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen YP, Tsao MY, Lee SH, Chou CH, Tsai HJ Riemerella anatipestifer is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause disease in a wide range of wild and domesticated birds, especially waterfowl. The presence of an antibiotic-resistance gene in R. anatipestifer has not yet been reported, indicating the need for investigation. In the present study, 40.5% of R. anatipestifer isolates were found to exhibit resistance to chloramphenicol, while 45.9% showed intermediate resistance and 13.5% were susceptible to chloramphenicol, an antibiotic that has been prohibited for use in food animals in Taiwan since 2003. The resistance gene was identified as the cat gene and cloned by library sequencing. The prevalence of the cat gene in Taiwanese R. anatipestifer isolates was 78.4%. The position o... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086606 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086605&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954010%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Greenall SA, Tyack SG, Johnson MA, Sapats SI Single-chain variable fragments (scFv) contain the heavy and light chain variable domains of immunoglobulin, joined by a short peptide linker. Previously, our laboratory has produced neutralizing scFv to epitopes of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The in vitro delivery and expression of one of these scFv with and without the C(H)2-C(H)4 Fc domain of chicken IgY attached (scFv-Fc) by a serotype 8 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-8) vector was investigated in the present study. A panel of FAdV-8 vectors was constructed, each containing a different transgene (scFv or scFv-Fc), a different promoter to drive scFv and scFv-Fc transcription (CMVie or the fowl adenovirus major late promoter), and a different sized, right-hand end genomic delet... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086605 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086604&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954011%26dopt%3DAbstract This report describes the problems associated with reproducibility of the aMPV-vaccine response, comparing T-lymphocyte-compromised and T-cell-intact turkeys. In three consecutive experiments, turkeys partially depleted of T-lymphocytes by treatment with cyclosporin A as well as untreated turkeys were vaccinated with a commercial live aMPV subtype A (aMPV-A) vaccine at 2 weeks of age. Two weeks later they were challenged with a virulent aMPV-A strain. Despite similar genetic background of the turkeys, comparable housing conditions under isolation and the application of the same aMPV-A vaccine, considerable variation was observed among the experiments regarding replication of the vaccine virus, vaccine-induced clinical signs and protection against challenge infection. The results indicate t... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086604 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086604 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086603&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954012%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Luo J, Zhang H, Teng M, Fan JM, You LM, Xiao ZJ, Yi ML, Zhi YB, Li XW, Zhang GP To investigate the host-pathogen interactions between infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and target B-lymphocytic cells, a cDNA T7 phage display library from the chicken bursa of Fabricius was constructed and screened for virus binding. Surface immunoglobulin M (sIgM) was isolated as a putative candidate binding site and its interactions with IBDV were further investigated using a chicken bursal lymphoma-derived cell line DT40. The results showed that the λ light chain of sIgM specifically interacted with IBDV in a virulence-independent manner in vitro, and most of the binding of IBDV to DT40 cells was inhibited by sIgM-specific monoclonal antibodies. Further, the infectivity of IBDV in vitro ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086603 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086602&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954013%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the results of the present study provide more insight into immunomodulatory processes that occur in the lymphoid tissues of MDV-infected chickens. PMID: 20954013 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086602 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086601&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954014%26dopt%3DAbstract This study should be considered a starting point for a more informed approach to the selection of seed strains for the development of avian influenza vaccines against field infections caused by viruses of H5 and H7 subtypes. PMID: 20954014 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086601 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086600&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954015%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mays JK, Silva RF, Lee LF, Fadly AM Nine reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) isolates obtained from broiler breeders, turkeys, and prairie chickens located in three different geographical regions in the USA, and three isolates obtained from known contaminated live-virus vaccines were characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) assays. All isolates were propagated in chicken embryo fibroblasts obtained from a specific pathogen free breeder flock. PCR analysis of all 12 isolates resulted in the amplification of the 291-bp REV long-terminal repeat region (LTR); none of the isolates exhibited a different pattern or shift from the expected PCR product of REV LTR. The subtype of the REV isolates was determined by IFA using REV-specific mon... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086600 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086599&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954016%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pizzuto MS, De Battisti C, Marciano S, Capua I, Cattoli G A rapid fowl adenovirus (FAdV) classification method based on a 30-bp sequence of the hexon loop (L1) was developed using the pyrosequencing technique. FAdV identification is relevant for epidemiological studies and for the adoption of a correct strategy where vaccination is to be used for the control of the disease. FAdV typing is usually performed using polymerase chain reaction coupled with either conventional DNA sequencing or restriction enzyme analysis; however, both methods can be time consuming and/or very expensive to be used as a routine tool. In the present study, polymerase chain reaction and subsequent pyrosequence analysis of the variable hexon L1 region were assessed in order to rapidly differentiate FAdV... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086599 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086599 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086598&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954017%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liebhart D, Windisch M, Hess M One-day-old turkey poults were vaccinated against histomonosis (syn. histomoniasis) via the oral route by application of in vitro attenuated Histomonas meleagridis. Subsequently, two different groups composed of 14 birds each were challenged cloacally with highly virulent histomonads after 2 or 4 weeks. Two additional groups of non-vaccinated birds were infected with the challenge inoculum at the same time points. In addition, a group of 19 birds, of which 14 were vaccinated but not challenged, were kept for clinical and serological examinations. Non-vaccinated and non-challenged birds (n=10) represented the negative control group. All non-vaccinated but infected birds and 10 out of 14 vaccinated turkeys challenged 2 weeks post vaccination (w.p.v... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086598 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086597&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954018%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hepworth PJ, Nefedov AV, Muchnik IB, Morgan KL Hock burn is a common disease of broiler chickens affecting flock welfare and farmer income. Here we use hierarchical logistic regression (HLR) models to identify risk factors for hock burn using data from 5895 flocks, collected over 3.5 years by a large UK broiler company. The results suggest that at 2 weeks of age, weight and weight density may be useful predictors of flocks at risk of a high incidence of hock burn. In contrast, stocking density at placement is not. The use of these and other variables in disease prevention add value to routinely collected management data and can assist in improving broiler welfare and farm income. PMID: 20954018 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086597 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086595&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954019%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nemeth NM, Thomas NO, Orahood DS, Anderson TD, Oesterle PT Waterfowl and shorebirds are well-recognized natural reservoirs of low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIV); however, little is known about the role of passerines in avian influenza virus ecology. Passerines are abundant, widespread, and commonly come into contact with free-ranging birds as well as captive game birds and poultry. We inoculated and subsequently challenged house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) with wild-bird origin LPAIV H3N8 to evaluate their potential role in transmission. Oropharyngeal shedding was short lived, and was detected in more starlings (97.2%) than sparrows (47.2%; n=36 of each). Cloacal shedding was rare in both species (8.3%; n=36 of each) an... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086595 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086593&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954020%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Russell P PMID: 20954020 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086593 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4086591&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954021%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20954021 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4086591 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4086591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867435&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20706880%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li G, Lillehoj HS, Lee KW, Jang SI, Marc P, Gay CG, Ritter GD, Bautista DA, Phillips K, Neumann AP, Rehberger TG, Siragusa GR The present report describes an outbreak of gangrenous dermatitis (GD) infection in a commercial poultry farm in Delaware involving 34-day-old broiler chickens. In addition to obvious clinical signs, some GD-affected broilers also showed severe fibrino-necrotic enteritis and large numbers of Gram-positive rods in the necrotic tissue. Histopathological findings included haemorrhage, degeneration and necrosis of parenchymatous cells, especially of skin, muscle, and intestine. Immunofluorescence staining revealed Clostridium-like bacilli in the skin and the intestine. Both Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum genomic sequences were identified b... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867435 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3867435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867434&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20706881%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li G, Lillehoj HS, Lee KW, Lee SH, Park MS, Jang SI, Bauchan GR, Gay CG, Ritter GD, Bautista DA, Siragusa GR Gangrenous dermatitis (GD) is an emerging disease of increasing economic importance in poultry resulting from infection by Clostridium septicum and Clostridium perfringens type A. Lack of a reproducible disease model has been a major obstacle in understanding the immunopathology of GD. To gain better understanding of host-pathogen interactions in GD infection, we evaluated various immune parameters in two groups of birds from a recent commercial outbreak of GD, the first showing typical disease signs and pathological lesions (GD-like birds) and the second lacking clinical signs (GD-free birds). Our results revealed that GD-like birds showed: reduced T-cell and B-cell mi... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867434 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3867434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867433&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20706882%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aldous EW, Seekings JM, McNally A, Nili H, Fuller CM, Irvine RM, Alexander DJ, Brown IH A range of virus doses were used to infect 3-week-old chickens, turkeys and ducks intranasally/intraocularly, and infection was confirmed by the detection of virus shedding from the buccal or cloacal route by analysis of swabs collected using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays. The median infectious dose (ID(50)) and the median lethal dose (LD(50)) values for two highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of H5N1 and H7N1 subtypes and one virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were determined for each virus and host combination. For both HPAI viruses, turkeys were >100-fold more susceptible to infection than chickens, while both these hosts were >10... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867433 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3867433 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867432&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20706883%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Van Wettere AJ, Degernes LA, Barnes HJ A case of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHCC) in an adult male lesser flamingo (Phoenicopterus minor) that was part of a breeding programme at a private facility is reported. Grossly, the liver was markedly enlarged with multifocal, well-circumscribed, pinpoint to 2 cm diameter pale tan nodular masses. Histologically, the hepatic parenchyma was replaced by neoplastic cells that demonstrated hepatocellular and, less frequently, biliary epithelial cell differentiation. Positive pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3/PCK26) immunolabelling of the neoplastic cells forming bile ducts with the scattered immunoreactivity of cells forming glandular structures within the areas of hepatocellular differentiation supported the diagnosis. No metastase... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867432 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3867432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867431&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20706884%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Diaz GJ, Murcia HW, Cepeda SM, Boermans HJ A study was conducted to determine the cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) into its epoxide form (AFBO) in duck liver microsomes. Six male and six female 6-week-old Pekin ducks were used. The biochemical toxicology strategies applied included the use of selective inhibitors, prototype substrate activity for specific human P450s, correlation between aflatoxin bioactivation and enzymatic activity of prototype substrates, and the expression of specific CYP450 enzymes using antibodies against human CYP450s. Enzymatic activity was detected for the duck orthologues CYP1A1/2, CYP2A6 and CYP3A4 but not for the CYP2D6 orthologue. Immunoreactive proteins for CYP1A1, CYP2A6 and CYP3A4 were also ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867431 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3867431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867430&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20706885%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gregersen RH, Christensen H, Ewers C, Bisgaard M In the present investigation 20,000 broiler parents were vaccinated during rearing with Nobilis Escherichia coli vaccine and were placed in two out of four identical houses, with the remaining two houses on the same farm accommodating 20,000 unvaccinated control birds. During the production period a total of 335 dead birds (including 171 vaccinated and 164 control birds) randomly selected from the four houses were subjected to post-mortem examination. Although the overall mortality between the vaccinated and control flocks did not differ, mortality due to E. coli infections made up only 8.2% in vaccinated birds compared with 24.6% in unvaccinated birds. All E. coli isolates recovered from internal organs were assigned to the sam... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867430 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3867430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867429&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20706886%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the serotypes and virulence-associated genes of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from duck colibacillosis cases. Two hundred and fifty-four APEC isolates from duck colibacillosis cases were serotyped and amplified for 12 known virulence-associated genes and the betA gene (encoding choline dehydrogenase) by polymerase chain reaction assays. One hundred and forty-three E. coli isolates from cloacal swabs of healthy ducks were also amplified for the same genes. A total of 53 O-serogroups were found in 254 APEC isolates, among which O93, O78 and O92 were predominant serogroups. Polymerase chain reaction results showed that Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli distributed in only 2.4% of ducks compared with 49.2% of the APEC isolat... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867429 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3867429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867428&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20706887%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gray C PMID: 20706887 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867428 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3867428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867427&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20706888%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20706888 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867427 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3867427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867426&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20706889%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20706889 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867426 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3867426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3666649&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544418%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Casteleyn C, Doom M, Lambrechts E, Van den Broeck W, Simoens P, Cornillie P The lymphoid tissue that is associated with the intestinal tract, the so-called gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), is well developed in the chicken. Depending on the location, it is present as aggregations of lymphoid cells, or organized in lymphoid follicles and tonsils. From proximal to distal, the intestinal tract contains a pharyngeal tonsil, diffuse lymphoid tissue and lymphoid follicles in the cervical and thoracic parts of the oesophagus, an oesophageal tonsil, diffuse lymphoid tissue in the proventriculus, a pyloric tonsil, Peyer's patches, Meckel's diverticulum, two caecal tonsils, diffuse lymphoid tissue in the rectum, the bursa of Fabricius, and diffuse lymphoid tissue in the wall of the... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3666649 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3666649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3666648&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544419%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we screened and identified the differentially expressed transcripts from chicken spleen 36 h post NDV infection using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). From the SSH library, we obtained 140 significant differentially expressed sequence tags (ESTs), which could be divided into three categories: high homology genes (58), high homology ESTs (62) and novel ESTs (20). The 58 high homology genes could be grouped into nine clusters based on the best known function of their protein products, which involved signalling transduction (HSPC166, PDE7B, GRIA4, GARNL1), transcriptional regulation (ANP32A, LOC423724, SATB1, QKI, ETV6), cellular molecular dynamics (MYLK, MYO7A, DCTN6), cytoskeleton (LAMA4, LAMC1, COL4A1), stress response (DNAJC15, CIRBP), immune response (TIA1, TOX... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3666648 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3666648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3666647&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544420%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives were to investigate the use of different diagnostic methods for the ante-mortem diagnosis of this condition and to find more supporting evidence of a retroviral aetiology. The predominant clinical signs observed in budgerigars with renal neoplasia were lameness and absence of deep pain sensation of one leg. Alterations in haematology, plasma chemistry, and urine analyses could not pinpoint the cases of renal neoplasia. Contrast radiography of the intestinal tract proved to be diagnostically more useful compared with plain radiographic studies. Histology confirmed the renal neoplasia as adenocarcinoma. Investigations for virus identification included product-enhanced reverse transcriptase assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of avian leucosis virus gr... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3666647 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3666647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3666646&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544421%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Gussem J, Swam H, Lievens K, De Herdt P The present paper describes a reovirus infection with clinical course in a flock of layer breeders. Lameness and tenosynovitis of flexor tendons were observed in approximately 15% of the cockerels and 3% of the hens from 17 weeks of age onwards. Affected birds did not die; on the contrary, most of them recovered clinically within a period of 8 weeks. Two other breeds of layer parents that were housed in close contact with the affected flock did not develop clinical signs, although serology indicated that infection with reovirus had taken place. These field observations constitute the first report of clinical reovirus tenosynovitis in layer parents and indicate different susceptibilities of layer parent breeds in developing clinical si... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3666646 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3666646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3666645&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544422%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Molina-Lopez RA, Ramis A, Martin-Vazquez S, Gomez-Couso H, Ares-Mazas E, Caccio SM, Leiva M, Darwich L Cryptosporidiosis has been reported in more than 30 avian species worldwide. Although some cases of cryptosporidiosis have been described in captive birds of prey in the order Falconiformes, to date there have been no reports of the disease in wild raptors. Here we describe for first time an ocular and respiratory disease associated with Cryptosporidium baileyi in wild scops owl (Otus scops, order: Strigiformes). Sixteen otus owl fledglings born in the wild during the summer of 2008 were admitted to the Torreferrussa Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre (Catalonia, northern Spain) in July and August of the same year. In the middle of September, blepharoedema, conjunctival hyperaemi... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3666645 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3666645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3666644&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544423%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bisgaard M, Bojesen AM, Christensen JP, Christensen H A total of 122 dead broiler breeders randomly selected from a flock showing normal production parameters and covering the age from 44 to 61 weeks were subjected to a comprehensive routine post-mortem examination including examination for lesions of endocarditis. Forty-two hens (34%) showed valvular endocarditis caused by Avibacterium endocarditidis (43%), Enterococcus faecalis (31%), Staphylococcus aureus (5%) and Streptococcus pluranimalium (5%), while growth was not obtained from 17% with the methods used for isolation. Gross lesions associated with the different bacterial pathogens did not allow separation according to pathogens involved. Port of entry and pathogenesis associated with the high prevalence of valvular endo... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3666644 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3666644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3666643&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544424%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, MDV did not affect tumour development but did influence tumour aggression and histological type. PMID: 20544424 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3666643 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3666643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3666642&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544425%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goldenberg D, Pasmanik-Chor M, Pirak M, Kass N, Lublin A, Yeheskel A, Heller D, Pitcovski J Avian reovirus (ARV) causes viral arthritis, tenosynovitis, liver infection and immunosuppression in birds. Live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines for ARV are available, but do not efficiently protect against recent variants. Sigma C, which mediates virus attachment to target cells, is the most variable protein in ARV. Antibodies to this protein neutralize viral infection. The purpose of the present study was to characterize sigma C in isolates of ARV from infected birds, as compared with the vaccine strain. Amino acids 27 to 293 of sigma C from 28 Israeli isolates were compared, classified and analysed using bioinformatics tools. Large variations were found among the isolates, and th... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3666642 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3666642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3666641&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544426%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kang MS, Kim A, Jung BY, Her M, Jeong W, Cho YM, Oh JY, Lee YJ, Kwon JH, Kwon YK Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum isolates (n=105) from chickens in South Korea between 2002 and 2007 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations of 16 antimicrobials, and their predominant resistance profiles were genetically characterized. Most isolates (99/105; 94.3%) were resistant to nalidixic acid and resistant/intermediately resistant to fluoroquinolones, and 63.8% (67/105) of the isolates were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Forty-two quinolone-resistant isolates, of which the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the gyrA genes were sequenced, contained a substitution of a Ser to a Phe or Tyr at position 83 (71.4%), o... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3666641 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3666641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3666640&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544427%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Todd D, Trudgett J, McNeilly F, McBride N, Donnelly B, Smyth VJ, Jewhurst HL, Adair BM The development of a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for detecting avian nephritis virus (ANV) is described. Primers, which amplified a fragment of 182 base pairs (bp), were located in the conserved 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the genome. The limit of detection of the test was estimated to be approximately 18 viral copies using a 10-fold dilution series of in vitro transcribed RNA. Positive signals were produced with representative ANV samples, some of which were not detected by previously described RT-PCR tests for detecting ANV, but other avian astroviruses including chicken astrovirus isolates and duck hepatitis virus types 2 and 3 tested negative. When a... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3666640 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3666640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3666639&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544428%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Terregino C, Toffan A, Cilloni F, Monne I, Bertoli E, Castellanos L, Amarin N, Mancin M, Capua I Since 2006 Egypt has been facing an extensive epidemic of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) with a huge number of outbreaks both in rural and intensively reared poultry areas. The use of efficacious vaccines in this country has been, and still remains, essential for the control and possible eradication of HPAI. The present study was performed to establish whether the administration of inactivated vaccines containing an H5 virus belonging to a different lineage to the Eurasian H5N1 HPAI viruses guarantees protection from clinical signs, provides significant immune response and is able to achieve a reduction of viral shedding in the face of a challenge with a contemporary... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3666639 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3666639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3666638&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544429%26dopt%3DAbstract This report is the first to describe avian pox lesions associated with the application of beak-bits and the resulting beak and oral pathology. PMID: 20544429 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3666638 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3666638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3666637&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544430%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jackwood MW, Hilt DA, Sellers HS, Williams SM, Lasher HN In the present study we describe the rapid development of an attenuated live vaccine for GA08, a new serotype of infectious bronchitis virus, using a heat-treatment method. Incubation of the GA08 strain of IBV at 56 degrees C and passage in embryonated eggs was used as a method to fast track the attenuation process. The virus was incubated in a 56 degrees C water bath and aliquots were removed every 5 min for up to 1 h, and then each aliquot was inoculated into 10-day-old embryonated eggs. Virus with the longest incubation time that produced lesions in the embryos was harvested, again incubated at 56 degrees C as described and passaged in embryonated eggs. Attenuation of the virus, designated GA08/GA08HSp16/08, was verif... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3666637 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3666637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3666636&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544431%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ke GM, Chuang KP, Chang CD, Lin MY, Liu HJ Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to generate sequence data for recent Taiwanese strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from 1999 to 2003, covering the full length of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene and protein. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the HN gene of these recent isolates revealed that the whole HN gene carries an open reading frame encoding 571 amino acids and possesses a shorter C-terminal extension. Six amino acid substitutions in epitopes on the HN glycoprotein of the recent Taiwanese NDV isolates were also found. All the recent Taiwanese NDV isolates have the amino acid sequence (112)RRQKRF(117) for the F protein. A phylogenetic tree analysis based on the nucleotide se... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3666636 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3666636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3471659&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20390540%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gimeno IM, Cortes AL Factors influencing replication of serotype 1 Marek's disease vaccines in the lung of chickens within the first 10 days of age (doa) were evaluated. In particular, the effect of vaccine efficacy, age/route of vaccination, and vaccine dose were examined in three experiments. In the first experiment, three vaccine pairs, each pair consisting of a high protective (HP) and a low protective (LP) vaccine (CVI988/BP5 and CVI988-Clone C, 648A80 and 648A100, R2 and R2/23) were used to inoculate chickens subcutaneously (s.c.) with 2000 plaque-forming units (PFU) at hatch. DNA load in the lung was significantly higher in the HP vaccine group than the LP vaccine group at 5 and 10 doa in two of the three vaccine pairs. In the lung, at 5 doa, early MDV gene transcripts ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3471659 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3471659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3471658&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20390541%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Katakam KK, Nejsum P, Kyvsgaard NC, Jørgensen CB, Thamsborg SM Experiments were first conducted to compare and evaluate different methods of Ascaridia galli larval recovery from the chicken intestine. The number of larvae recovered from the intestinal wall of chickens infected with 1000 embryonated A. galli eggs and killed 15 days post infection (p.i.) by three methods (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [EDTA], pepsin digestion and scraping) were compared. The EDTA and pepsin digestion were found to be the most efficient methods with no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the number of recovered larvae between the two. Subsequently, three different A. galli cohorts were established using the polymerase chain reaction-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3471658 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3471658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3471657&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20390542%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ley DH, Marusak RA, Vivas EJ, Barnes HJ, Fletcher OJ Opportunistic observations of and necropsies from selected commercial (meat) turkey flocks revealed skeletal lesions consistent with chondrodystrophy, characterized by leg and vertebral deformities, occurring at very low incidences in turkeys from two primary breeds and various multiplier breeder flocks. Mycoplasma organisms were cultured and identified as Mycoplasma iowae by immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction from some of the vertebral lesions but not from leg joints. This is the first detailed description of the gross and microscopic lesions of vertebral chondrodystrophy associated with M. iowae, which should now be considered in the differential diagnosis of turkeys with these lesions. PMID: 20390542 [Pu... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3471657 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3471657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3471656&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20390543%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fujimoto Y, Ito H, Shinya K, Yamaguchi T, Usui T, Murase T, Ozaki H, Ono E, Takakuwa H, Otsuki K, Ito T The recent epidemic caused by H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses has spread over many parts of Asia, Europe and Africa. Wild birds, particularly waterfowl, are considered to play a role in viral dissemination. However, detailed information on whether wild terrestrial birds act as carriers is currently unavailable. To investigate the susceptibility of terrestrial birds to HPAI viruses, two species of wild bird (great reed warbler and pale thrush) that are common in East Asia were infected with H5N1 HPAI virus. The results showed that both species were highly susceptible to the virus. The great reed warbler showed fatal infection with 100% mortality, but the... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3471656 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3471656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3471655&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20390544%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the duplex MGMS PCR was highly specific, sensitive, and reproducible and could be used on clinical samples from commercial chickens, turkeys and backyard poultry including ducks and geese. PMID: 20390544 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3471655 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3471655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3471654&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20390545%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gelfi J, Pappalardo M, Claverys C, Peralta B, Guerin JL Haemorrhagic nephritis enteritis of the goose (HNEG) is an epizootic viral disease in domestic geese. The causal agent is a polyomavirus, namely goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus. To help control the disease, an inactivated vaccine was developed, based on viral particles produced in goose kidney cells. Viral material was quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, inactivated with beta-propiolactone and adjuvanted with Carbopol, an acrylic acid polymer. Carbopol proved to be more immunogenic than aluminium hydroxide and was totally safe when administered to young goslings and breeders alike. Carbopol-adjuvanted vaccine induced a high serological response. Moreover, goslings hatched from vaccinated bre... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3471654 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3471654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3471653&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20390546%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Timbermont L, Lanckriet A, Dewulf J, Nollet N, Schwarzer K, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R, Van Immerseel F The efficacy of target-released butyric acid, medium-chain fatty acids (C(6) to C(12) but mainly lauric acid) and essential oils (thymol, cinnamaldehyde, essential oil of eucalyptus) micro-encapsulated in a poly-sugar matrix to control necrotic enteritis was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the different additives were determined in vitro, showing that lauric acid, thymol, and cinnamaldehyde are very effective in inhibiting the growth of Clostridium perfringens. The in vivo effects were studied in two trials in an experimental necrotic enteritis model in broiler chickens. In the first trial, four groups of chickens were fed a diet supplemented with buty... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3471653 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3471653