MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Avian Pathology' source. Sat, 30 Jan 2010 15:09:35 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030490&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937531%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rubbenstroth D, Rautenschlein S The avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is the causative agent of an acute respiratory disease in turkeys, which causes considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. Currently attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are widely used to control the disease, but vaccine breaks are frequently observed. For improvement of current vaccination strategies it is necessary to gain enhanced knowledge of the immune mechanisms against aMPV infection. Field observations suggest that vaccine-induced aMPV-specific antibodies are not indicative for protection. In the present study we investigated the role of antibodies in protection of turkeys against aMPV. In two experiments, commercial turkey poults received aMPV-specific antibodies by intravenous injection.... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030490 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:45 +0100 3030490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030489&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937532%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Madadgar O, Salehi TZ, Ghafari MM, Tamai IA, Madani SA, Yahyareyat R High mortalities in 17 canary flocks from different regions of Tehran, Iran, were reported. Necropsy and histopathologic examination revealed necrotic hepatitis and overall congestive septicaemia in carcasses. Salmonella enterica was isolated from 34 examined samples, two samples from each flock, including visceral organs of carcasses and droppings of live diseased birds. All isolates were typed as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by conventional serotyping. Antibiotic resistance profiling using 33 antibiotics and random amplification of polymorphic DNA differentiation by three primers were performed and showed an identical clonal relationship between these isolates and S. Typhimurium isolated from a s... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030489 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:42 +0100 3030489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030488&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937533%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cui Z, Sun S, Zhang Z, Meng S Epidemiological studies of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) infections were conducted during 1999 to 2009 on 29 chicken flocks of various commercial and local breeds located in six provinces in China. Samples were typically from chickens with myelocytomas or proventricular lesions. ALV-J was isolated from 25 flocks including seven out of seven flocks containing "yellow chickens" or other local breeds and several flocks of layer chickens. REV was isolated from 19 flocks. Co-infection of ALV-J and REV was confirmed in 11/38 birds of 8/15 flocks with myelocytomatosis and in 11/24 birds of 3/5 flocks with proventricular lesions. Both ALV-J and REV were vertically transmitted in four breeder flocks of local ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030488 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:40 +0100 3030488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030487&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937534%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Benyeda Z, Mato T, Suveges T, Szabo E, Kardi V, Abonyi-Toth Z, Rusvai M, Palya V Five QX-like infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains, isolated from different field outbreaks and two reference IBV strains of known serotypes (M41 and 793/B), were used in the present study to investigate and compare their pathogenicity for 1-day-old specific pathogen free chickens. The ability of the strains to inhibit trachea epithelium ciliary activity, to induce immune response, to replicate and to cause histopathological lesions in designated organs was followed by repeated samplings during a period of 42 days post infection. Clear differences in pathogenicity and in organ distribution of the three serotypes were found. Strain 793/B had the least capacity to invade the investigated organs,... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030487 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:37 +0100 3030487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030486&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937535%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tang Y, Wu P, Peng D, Wang X, Wan H, Zhang P, Long J, Zhang W, Li Y, Wang W, Zhang X, Liu X A number of H5N1 influenza outbreaks have occurred in aquatic birds in Asia. As aquatic birds are the natural reservoir of influenza A viruses and do not usually show clinical disease upon infection, the repeated H5N1 outbreaks have highlighted the importance of continuous surveillance on H5N1 viruses in aquatic birds. In the present study we characterized the biological properties of four H5N1 avian influenza viruses, which had been isolated from ducks, in different animal models. In specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens, all four isolates were highly pathogenic. In SPF mice, the S and Y isolates were moderately pathogenic. However, in mallard ducks, two isolates had low pathogenicity,... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030486 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:35 +0100 3030486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030485&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937536%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haridy M, Goryo M, Sasaki J, Okada K Chicken anaemia virus (CAV) is the most important confounding pathogen in Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection. The effect of CAV co-infection at 4 weeks of age after inoculation of virulent MDV (vMDV, KS strain) or very virulent MDV (vvMDV, Md/5 strain) in 1-day-old chicks was investigated by pathological and immunohistochemical studies. CAV increased the mortality rates induced by vMDV or vvMDV. The packed cell volume was reduced significantly in vMDV-CAV infection; however, no reduction or non-significant reduction was observed in vMDV infection. Bone marrow hypoplasia was related to CAV co-infection and none of the birds inoculated with vMDV or vvMDV had hypoplasia. Severe atrophy of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius was observed in th... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030485 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:32 +0100 3030485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030484&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937537%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saito K, Kodama A, Yamaguchi T, Gotoh Y, Sakai H, Fukushi H, Masegi T, Yanai T An adult female white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), over 12 years old, was found moribund and sent to the Wildlife Rescue Center in Kushiro, Japan. Grossly, the bird had multifocal yellow to black nodules in the beak, tongue, mucosa of the oral cavity, eyelids, and legs. Histologically, the cutaneous nodules revealed severe epidermal hyperplasia. The thickened epithelium, from prickle cell layer to horny layer, consisted of swollen keratinocytes containing frequent eosinophilic intra-cytoplasmic inclusions, Bollinger bodies. Ultrastructurally, the epidermal cells had cytoplasmic viral particles with characteristics of poxvirus. Furthermore, the 4b core gene sequence of an avian poxvirus w... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030484 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:29 +0100 3030484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030483&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937538%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lierz M, Hafez HM, Honkavuori KS, Gruber AD, Olias P, Abdelwhab EM, Kohls A, Lipkin WI, Briese T, Hauck R Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a fatal infectious disease of birds that primarily affects psittacine birds. Although a causative agent has not been formally demonstrated, the leading candidate is a novel avian bornavirus (ABV) detected in post-mortem tissue samples of psittacids with PDD from the USA, Israel and, recently, Germany. Here we describe the presence of ABV in a parrot with PDD as well as in clinically normal birds exposed to birds with PDD. In two ABV-positive post-mortem cases, the tissue distribution of ABV was investigated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Viraemia was observed in a PDD-affected bird where... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030483 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:26 +0100 3030483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030482&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937539%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rubbenstroth D, Ryll M, Behr KP, Rautenschlein S Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is the causative agent of septicaemic and exudative diseases in a variety of bird species. Despite numerous outbreaks, little is known about the pathogenicity of RA for turkeys. We investigated the development of RA-induced disease in commercial turkey poults following RA inoculation via different respiratory routes. Inoculation by aerosol or injection into the abdominal air sac led to systemic infection and mild gross lesions, including pericarditis, epicarditis and airsacculitis, which were less pronounced compared with field outbreaks. It was speculated, that viral pathogens, such as the avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), may exacerbate RA pathogenesis under field conditions. We inoculated turkey poul... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030482 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:24 +0100 3030482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030481&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937540%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wojnarowicz C, Olkowski AA The present work describes specific congenital intestinal accidents found in commercial broiler chickens where the affected individuals have their intestinal loops translocated outside the abdomen. These anomalies have been observed in many embryos that failed to hatch, in newly hatched chicks, as well as in broilers at various stages of growth. It appears that these lesions stem from incomplete closure of the abdominal cavity during the last stages of embryonic development. PMID: 19937540 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030481 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:21 +0100 3030481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030480&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937541%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nemati M, Hermans K, Devriese LA, Maes D, Haesebrouck F Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from poultry between 1970 and 1972 (90 old isolates) and in 2006 (81 recent isolates) were screened for the presence of bap, icaA and icaD genes associated with biofilm formation, and for bbp, cna, ebpS, eno, fib, fnbA, fnbB, clfA and clfB genes that encode microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs). Most of the old isolates were collected from broiler breeders affected by staphylococcal tenosynovitis and arthritis, whilst nearly all recent isolates were derived from the nose and cloaca of healthy broilers. Ten recent isolates belonged to the animal-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ST398. All isolates were positive for clfA, clfB,... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030480 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:18 +0100 3030480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030479&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937542%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Terregino C, Beato MS, Bertoli E, Mancin M, Capua I The increased attention of the international community to the occurrence of repeated outbreaks of avian influenza infections worldwide has highlighted several knowledge gaps in the field. Among these, within the scope of the European Union-funded project Fluresist, we addressed the resistance of selected H7 subtype strains at 37 degrees C. In general terms, resistance was high, although some strains were more resistant than others, remaining viable after 15 days at 37 degrees C. These results should be considered when designing guidelines for outbreak management. PMID: 19937542 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030479 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:16 +0100 3030479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030478&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937543%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19937543 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030478 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:13 +0100 3030478 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030477&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937544%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19937544 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030477 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:11 +0100 3030477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030476&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937545%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19937545 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030476 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:09 +0100 3030476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030475&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937546%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19937546 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030475 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:48:06 +0100 3030475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030501&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937520%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Feberwee A, Morrow CJ, Ghorashi SA, Noormohammadi AH, Landman WJ An experimental study was conducted to assess the effect of a live Mycoplasma synoviae vaccine (Vaxsafe(R) MS; Bioproperties Pty Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia) on M. synoviae-induced eggshell apex abnormalities (EAA). Four experimental groups of specified-pathogen-free white laying hens were made. All groups were inoculated with infectious bronchitis virus D1466 at 18 weeks of age. One group did not receive further treatment (non-vaccinated non-challenged (NVNC)). Two groups were vaccinated at 14 weeks of age against M. synoviae, and one of these groups was also challenged with an EAA-inducing M. synoviae strain 5 days after infectious bronchitis virus challenge (vaccinated non-challenged (VNC) and vaccinate... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030501 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030500&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937521%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moreno B, Chacon G, Villa A, Fernandez A, Vela AI, Fernandez-Garayzabal JF, Ferre S, Gracia E A case of nervous signs in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) associated with a severe otitis and osteomyelitis is reported. The outbreak was characterized by abnormal head position, torticollis and difficulty in standing, walking and flying. Pathological, microbiological and molecular genetic data supported an association with Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) infection. Clinical signs persisted for several days and were accompanied by weight loss leading to death. Morbidity was approximately 20% and most birds died if untreated. Lesions were mainly characterized by a severe osteomyelitis of the cranial bones and purulent inflammation of the external, middle and inner ears. O... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030500 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030499&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937522%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Papadopoulou C, Davies RH, Carrique-Mas JJ, Evans SJ Serovar and antimicrobial resistance data from the scanning surveillance of British turkey flocks for Salmonella between 1995 and 2006 were analysed and compared with prevalence data from other livestock and animal feed. A total of 2753 incidents of 57 different serovars were reported. The five most prevalent serovars were Salmonella Typhimurium (20.8%), Salmonella Newport (14.7%), Salmonella Derby (10.6%), Salmonella Indiana (8.3%) and Salmonella Agona (6.4%). S. Typhimurium reports peaked in the mid- to late 1990s; this occurred in parallel with the S. Typhimurium DT104 epidemic in other livestock species. S. Enteritidis reports peaked in mid- to late 1990s, followed by a considerable decrease after 2000, which was also no... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030499 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030498&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937523%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Williams RB, Marshall RN, Pages M, Dardi M, Del Cacho E The pathogenesis in chickens of the apicomplexan Eimeria praecox was compared with that of Eimeria acervulina, using intestinal lesions, mucosal integrity, body weight gain (BWG) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) as criteria. Characteristics of each species were described by combinations of polymerase chain reaction assays and classic parasitological signs. There were considerable overlaps in lengths, breadths, shape indices and volumes of the oocysts of each species. Both species caused statistically significant reductions in BWG at the lowest inocula tested (500,000 sporulated oocysts per bird of E. praecox and 250,000 of E. acervulina). E. praecox was observed for the first time to cause actual body weight loss and m... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030498 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030497&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937524%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Filho RA, de Paiva JB, Arguello YM, da Silva MD, Gardin Y, Resende F, Junior AB, Sesti L Two experiments were performed to evaluate the protective effect of various vaccination combinations given at 5 and 9 weeks of age against experimental challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) phage type 4 at 12 weeks of age. In Experiment 1, groups of commercial layers were vaccinated by one of the following programmes: Group 1, two doses of a SE bacterin (Layermune SE); Group 2, one dose of a live Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum vaccine (Cevac SG9R) followed by one dose of the SE bacterin; Group 3, one dose of each of two different multivalent inactivated vaccines containing SE cells (Corymune 4K and Corymune 7K; and Group 4, unvaccinated, challenged controls. I... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030497 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030496&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937525%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu X, Wang X, Wu S, Hu S, Peng Y, Xue F, Liu X We isolated and identified 201 Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) from domestic ducks in a 5-year surveillance study at live bird markets in Eastern China. Seventy-three of these isolates were characterized biologically and genetically. Fusion protein (F) genes of these isolates were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Intracerebral pathogenicity index tests in 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens and the mean death time of embryonated fowl eggs in addition to the cleavage site analysis of the F-protein precursor for these viruses showed that they were all avirulent NDVs. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the F gene showed that 30 isolates clustered into the class I cla... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030496 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030495&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937526%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ouyang N, Storts R, Tian Y, Wigle W, Villanueva I, Mirhosseini N, Payne S, Gray P, Tizard I Avian bornavirus (ABV) is currently considered a probable etiologic agent of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) of psittacines. We tested 24 stored avian brain samples, processed for histopathology and retained following their submission for necropsy or histopathology to the Schubot Exotic Bird Center diagnostic laboratory in 1992. Thirteen of these samples were from birds diagnosed at that time as suffering from PDD. The remaining 11 samples were diagnosed as suffering from diseases other than PDD. Immunohistochemistry was performed using an antiserum directed against the ABV nucleoprotein (N-protein). Stained slides were read by an investigator unaware of their prior histopatholo... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030495 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030494&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937527%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Boever S, Croubels S, Meyer E, Sys S, Beyaert R, Ducatelle R, De Backer P Intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli O127:B8 at a dose of 1,500,000 u/kg body weight evoked a hypothermic response followed by a fever phase in 5-week-old broiler chickens. The hypothermic phase coincided with a severe decrease in blood pressure. We assume that this decrease in blood pressure is, at least partly, responsible for the hypothermic phase of the body temperature curve. LPS administration also caused a decrease in circulating white blood cells. The heterophils were predominantly sequestered in the lungs. In LPS-treated chickens, far more apoptotic leukocytes were present in the circulation, compared with control chickens. The molecular players respons... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030494 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030493&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937528%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wellehan JF, Greenacre CB, Fleming GJ, Stetter MD, Childress AL, Terrell SP Consensus polymerase chain reaction was used to identify a novel adenovirus from two psittacine birds: a plum-headed parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala) with lethargy, weight loss, and marked leukocytosis; and an umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba) with lethargy, weight loss, and feather abnormalities. Phylogenetic and comparative sequence analysis suggested that this virus is a member of the genus Siadenovirus, and is here termed psittacine adenovirus 2. This extends the characterized adenoviruses of psittacine birds beyond Aviadenovirus to include the genus Siadenovirus. Identification and further study of adenoviral types and species will provide useful diagnostic, prognostic, and epidemiologic informat... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030493 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030492&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937529%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carrique-Mas JJ, Marin C, Breslin M, McLaren I, Davies R Effective terminal cleaning and disinfection (C&D) is regarded as a necessary step for the elimination of Salmonella spp. from laying houses. A total of 60 commercial laying houses that had housed laying flocks infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis or Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium that were representative of all production systems (cage, barn, free-range) were intensively sampled immediately after C&D as well as in the follow-on flock. The procedures investigated were: (1) a compound disinfectant consisting of a mixture of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and quarternary ammonium applied at the recommended concentration; (2) a 10% (vol/vol) dilution of the standard 37% commercial formalin, a... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030492 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030491&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937530%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19937530 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030491 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030513&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937508%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Biggs P PMID: 19937508 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030513 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030512&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937509%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bradbury J PMID: 19937509 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030512 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030511&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937510%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu Y, Han C, Wang X, Lin J, Ma M, Shu Y, Zhou J, Yang H, Liang Q, Guo C, Zhu J, Wei H, Zhao J, Ma Z, Pan J To understand the basis of the resistance of pigeons to Asian lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1, we examined the presence of influenza virus receptors, sialic acids linked to galactose by an alpha-2,3 linkage (SAalpha2,3Gal) or by an alpha-2,6 linkage (SAalpha2,6Gal), in respiratory and intestinal tracts of pigeons and compared the distributions of N-acetylneuraminic and N-glycolylneuraminic acids in the trachea and intestines of pigeons and chickens. Results suggested that the epithelial surfaces of the larynx, trachea, bronchus, and bronchiole of pigeons contained abundant SAalpha2,6Gal with little or no SAalpha2,3Gal. In contrast, th... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030511 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030510&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937511%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bingham J, Green DJ, Lowther S, Klippel J, Burggraaf S, Anderson DE, Wibawa H, Hoa DM, Long NT, Vu PP, Middleton DJ, Daniels PW Pekin ducks were infected by the mucosal route (oral, nasal, ocular) with one of two strains of Eurasian lineage H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus: A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/453/2004 and A/duck/Indramayu/BBVW/109/2006 (from Indonesia). Ducks were killed humanely on days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 after challenge, or whenever morbidity was severe enough to justify euthanasia. Morbidity was recorded by observation of clinical signs and cloacal temperatures; the disease was characterized by histopathology; tissue tropism was studied by immunohistochemistry and virus titration on tissue samples; and viral shedding patterns were determined by virus isolation... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030510 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030509&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937512%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gomaa MH, Yoo D, Ojkic D, Barta JR Turkey coronavirus (TCoV) is an important viral pathogen causing diarrhoea of young turkey poults that is associated with sizeable economic losses for the turkey industry. Using a field isolate that was found to be free from turkey astrovirus and avian reovirus we were able to reproduce the clinical disease associated with TCoV. Clinical signs and weight gain of poults during experimental infections were compared with age-matched, uninfected controls. Poults infected at 2 days of age had 100% morbidity and 10% mortality, and birds infected at 28 days of age showed 75% morbidity and no mortality. Diarrhoea was consistently seen in infected poults at 2 to 3 days post infection (d.p.i.) with a duration of about 3 to 5 days. Mean body weights of ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030509 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030508&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937513%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garmyn A, Martel A, Froyman R, Nauwynck H, Duchateau L, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F Drinking-water treatment with enrofloxacin is widely used to cure respiratory infections in turkeys. The current treatment regimen advises a 5-day treatment at 10 mg/kg body weight. Since enrofloxacin exerts a concentration-dependent activity it might be useful to provide the total treatment dose of 50 mg/kg total dose in a single-day treatment regimen. We therefore assessed whether single-day treatment regimens with 50 mg/kg body weight were clinically equivalent to the advised multiple-day treatment regimen with 10 mg/kg body weight for 5 days. For this purpose, five groups of 16 turkeys, 22 days old, were experimentally inoculated with avian metapneumovirus (APV) and Ornithobacterium rhinotrach... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030508 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030507&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937514%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smyth VJ, Jewhurst HL, Adair BM, Todd D The development of a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for detecting chicken astroviruses (CAstV) is described. Primers, which amplified a fragment of 510 base pairs, were located in conserved regions within the ORF 1b (RNA polymerase) gene. The limit of detection of the test was estimated to be approximately 60 viral copies using a 10-fold dilution series of in vitro transcribed RNA. Positive signals were produced with representative CAstV samples, some of which were not detected by a previously described RT-PCR test for detecting CAstV, but other avian astroviruses including avian nephritis virus and duck hepatitis virus types 2 and 3 tested negative. When applied to gut content samples and swabs from UK and... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030507 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030506&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937515%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Todd D, Wilkinson DS, Jewhurst HL, Wylie M, Gordon AW, Adair BM Two genetically different isolates of chicken astrovirus (CAstV), named CAstV612 and CAstV11672, which share low levels of antigenic relatedness in cross-indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) tests, have been identified recently. In the present study, separate IIF tests for detecting antibodies to the CAstV612 and CAstV11672 isolates have been used to determine the seroprevalences of CAstV infections in four generations of flocks involved in broiler chicken production. CAstV antibodies were detected in 78% (73% CAstV612; 46% CAstV11672) of serum samples from UK broiler flocks and in all 10 flocks tested, indicating that infections were very common. Twenty-three (96%) out of 24 and 26 (93%) out of 28 broiler parent flo... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030506 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030505&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937516%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shivaprasad HL, Kim T, Tripathy D, Woolcock PR, Uzal F Mortality in excess of 65% occurred in a flock of 450 canaries (Serinus canaria). Clinical signs in the canaries included severe respiratory distress, loss of feathers and/or scaly skin on the head, neck and back, anorexia, loss of weight and fluffed-up appearance of several days duration before death. Gross pathology in most of the canaries included thickened eye lids and small scab-like nodules on the skin of the head and neck, enlarged thymus, mild to severe consolidation of lungs and exudate in the sinuses and trachea. A few birds also had thickened air sacs and enlarged and pale spleens. Microscopically unusual lesions included severe epithelial proliferation and hypertrophy and mononuclear inflammatory cells containi... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030505 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030504&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937517%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bartova E, Sedlak K, Literak I The present study was carried out on domestic fowls in the Czech Republic in the years 2003 and 2004. A total of 1108 samples obtained from 538 water birds (geese and ducks) and 570 gallinaceous birds (chickens and turkeys) were tested for specific antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. In geese, 43% prevalence (77 positive out of 178 examined) was found with titres of 40, 320 and 2560 in 40, 29 and eight geese, respectively. In ducks, 14% prevalence (52 out of 360) was found with titres of 40 and 320 in 46 and six ducks, respectively. In gallinaceous birds, only one of 293 broiler chickens was positive with a titre of 40; sera of 217 hens and 60 turkeys were negative. We found extremely high antibody p... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030504 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030503&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937518%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the data from this study will provide a molecular basis for further study of R. anatipestifer pathogenesis. PMID: 19937518 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030503 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030502&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937519%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19937519 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030502 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537526&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19468934%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cavanagh D PMID: 19468934 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537526 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537524&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19468935%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beato MS, Capua I, Alexander DJ The extensive circulation of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, and the human health threat that it poses, has raised concerns over the food safety implications of this virus infecting poultry. In addition, among the most important risk factors for the possible emergence of avian influenza in the European Union and the United States, the European and Food Safety Agency and the US Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, respectively, have identified legal and illegal importations of infected poultry commodities. The present paper reviews existing knowledge on the presence of viable avian influenza viruses in poultry commodities. PMID: 19468935 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537524 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537522&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19468936%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sansano-Maestre J, Garijo-Toledo MM, Gómez-Muñoz MT Avian trichomonosis is a world-wide parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trichomonas gallinae. Although several degrees of pathogenicity have been described on the basis of the clinical signs in birds, there are few reports concerning the genetic characterization of the parasite and its relationship with pathogenicity. The parasite usually appears apathogenic but is occasionally responsible for outbreaks of the disease in avian populations, particularly affecting nestlings of ornithophagous raptors. For 3 years, cultures of oropharingeal samples from 612 wild and domestic pigeons (Columba livia) and 102 birds of prey from 15 different species were made in an attempt to determine the prevalence of T. gallinae in... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537522 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537520&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19468937%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abascal EN, Guerra AC, Vázquez AS, Tenorio VR, Cruz CV, Zenteno E, Contreras GP, Pacheco SV When Avibacterium paragallinarum reference strain 0083 (serovar A) was grown in an iron-restricted culture medium, the expression of the 60, 68 and 93 kDa outer membrane proteins increased as compared with normal media. Sera of chickens experimentally infected with Av. paragallinarum recognized these iron-restriction induced proteins, suggesting their expression in vivo. The three outer membrane proteins were identified as transferrin receptor and iron transport proteins by mass spectroscopy and a search in sequence databases. As these proteins have been reported to be regulated by the Fur protein in many bacteria, we investigated, through molecular methods, the presence of the fur... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537520 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537518&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19468938%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li J, Yin J, Sui X, Li G, Ren X The effects of glycyrrhizin diammonium (GD) and lithium chloride (LiCl) on cell infection by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were investigated using cytopathic effect observation, plaque-reduction assay and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The anti-viral effect of GD and LiCl on virus, on virus-infected cells or on cells pre-treated by both drugs was analysed, respectively. Our results showed that GD had a direct antiviral activity, leading to complete inhibition of cell infection. The cell infection was not alleviated by either pre-treatment of cells with GD or addition of the drug post infection, confirming that the inhibitory effect of GD, unlike LiCl, on IBV is a viral factor, rather than a cellular factor. The inhibi... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537518 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537516&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19468939%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liebhart D, Hess M In the present study a well-defined clonal culture of Histomonas meleagridis was used to investigate whether turkeys can be infected orally with in vitro-propagated parasites in the absence of any vector. Therefore, two subsequent experiments were arranged to study the morbidity and mortality of a virulent strain of histomonads in turkeys following crop instillation of protozoa and a feed restriction for 5 h. Soon after infection, the parasites triggered total morbidity and mortality in a group of 14 turkeys, of which 10 birds were orally infected and the others were kept as in-contact birds. Administration of the same number of histomonads into either the cloaca or the crop of individually housed birds was investigated subsequently, to avoid any bird-to-bir... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537516 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537514&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19468940%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pesaro S, Biancani B, Fabbrizi G, Rossi G Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or avian keratoacanthoma is a neoplastic skin lesion of unknown aetiology that has been well described in birds. Some studies have reported that poxviruses may contribute to the onset of SCC. Here we describe a case of SCC on the underside of a pelican's foot. Histologically, the tumour consisted of irregular cords of pleomorphic epithelial cells that invaded the adjacent tissues. Additionally, keratinized epithelial cells and moderate numbers of keratin pearls were observed. Intracytoplasmic inclusions, a characteristic of this virus, were observed in some of these cells, and viral particles were characterized by electron microscopy. Although the aetiology of the carcinoma in this case may have been secon... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537514 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537511&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19468941%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mató T, Pénzes Z, Rueda P, Vela C, Kardi V, Zolnai A, Misák F, Palya V Outbreaks of haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese (HNEG) have been reported in goose flocks in Hungary, Germany and France since 1969. HNEG is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates in geese 3 to 10 weeks of age. The causative agent of HNEG is the goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV), which has a circular double-stranded DNA genome encoding the structural proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3. In vitro culture of GHPV has been problematic, so the baculovirus system was used to construct a recombinant virus expressing the VP1 gene of GHPV under control of the polyhedrin promoter in Sf9 insect cells. The expression and the identity of recombinant goose polyomavirus VP1 in the crude ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537511 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537508&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19468942%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dobos-Kovács M, Varga Z, Czifra G, Stipkovits L An outbreak of disease in a White Rhine laying goose flock was characterized by increased water uptake, increased mortality, production of eggs with abnormal shells, a 25% drop in egg production and 40% embryo mortality. Affected dead or sacrificed birds had sero-fibrinogranulocytic peritonitis and salpingitis, infiltration of the lamina propria in the uterus and heterophil granulocytes in the isthmus and magnum of the oviduct. Mycoplasmas, mainly identified as Mycoplasma sp. strain 1220, were isolated from the airsac, liver, ovary, magnum and peritoneum of some affected geese. Strain 1220 was originally isolated from a Hungarian gander with phallus inflammation and, according to detailed biochemical and serological examinat... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537508 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537505&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19468943%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to evaluate the applicability of high-energy (10 MeV) E-beam irradiation to inactivate AIV and reduce virus loads in egg products and poultry meat. Commercially available egg-white and ground turkey meat samples were spiked with the low-pathogenic A/chicken/TX/2002 H5N3 AIV and exposed to varying doses of high-energy E-beam irradiation in increments ranging from 0 kGy to 8 kGy. The viral titres in irradiated samples showed a linear dose-dependent reduction. The dose required to achieve 90% reduction (i.e. the D (10) value) of viable AIV loads was 2.3 kGy in phosphate buffer, 1.6 kGy in egg-white and 2.6 kGy in ground turkey meat samples. The effectiveness of E-beam irradiation to inactivate AIV was similar to the previously reported effectiveness of the E-beam again... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537505 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537501&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19468944%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Welchman Dde B, Cox WJ, Gough RE, Wood AM, Smyth VJ, Todd D, Spackman D An outbreak of neurological disease occurred in pheasant chicks on a game farm in 2007. The disease was first seen in the 10th hatching of chicks on the farm. Affected chicks showed trembling and incoordination from the time of hatching, and subsequently blindness and cataract formation was seen in some of the affected chicks at 3 weeks of age. The peak mortality and culling figure was 21.0% in the worst affected hatch, compared with a maximum of 11.7% in the first nine hatches. No further cases were evident by 7.5 weeks of age. Histopathological examination showed a moderate acute encephalomyelitis in some, but not all, of the chicks with neurological signs. The clinical presentation and histopathological... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537501 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314301&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322707%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, an indirect Newcastle disease virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for waterfowl was evaluated concerning its efficiency and its suitability to monitor the antibody response in Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) and domestic geese (Anser anser var. domestica) following vaccination with a commercial inactivated NDV vaccine for chickens. Three weeks after vaccination seroconversion was already evident in the ELISA. Comparison of the ELISA results with those of the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test provided a positive linear correlation between both tests (Pearson's product-moment correlation; r=0.652; P<0.001). However, a discrepancy of test results was evident in weeks 7 and 10, with 10 sera of vaccinated birds evaluated negative by HI test but positive by EL... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314301 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314295&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322708%26dopt%3DAbstract This study has shown that both T3SS-1 and T3SS-2 are required by SE to invade COEC; that SipA and PipB are necessary for the survival of SE in COEC and chicken PBLM, respectively; and that T3SS-2 triggers PBLM death during the early stages of SE infection, and this process does not depend on PipB. PMID: 19322708 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314295 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314289&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322709%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ellis TM, Dyrting KC, Wong CW, Chadwick B, Chan C, Chiang M, Li C, Li P, Smith GJ, Guan Y, Malik Peiris JS Intensive surveillance of dead wild birds for H5N1 avian influenza infection is conducted in Hong Kong. Between January 2006 and October 2007 pooled cloacal and tracheal swabs from 17692 dead wild birds (from 16 different orders including 82 genera) were tested and 33 H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses were isolated. No H5N1 infection has occurred in poultry farms since January 2003, or in live poultry markets in Hong Kong since November 2003 until a recent detection of H5N1 virus by surveillance of live poultry markets in June 2008. The gross and histopathology in the various H5N1-infected avian species is described, along with the performance of the virus is... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314289 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314283&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322710%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Olias P, Gruber AD, Heydorn AO, Kohls A, Mehlhorn H, Hafez HM, Lierz M Sarcosporidian cysts in the skeletal muscle of domestic pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) have previously been attributed to infection with Sarcocystis falcatula, which is shed in the faeces of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana). Here, we describe fatal spontaneous encephalitis and myositis associated with Sarcocystis infections in three flocks of racing pigeons with 47 of 244 animals affected. The clinical course was characterized by depression, mild diarrhoea, torticollis, opisthotonus, paralysis and trembling. Histopathological examination of 13 pigeons revealed generalized severe granulomatous and necrotizing meningoencephalitis and myositis with sarcosporidian cysts. Light and transmission electron ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314283 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314276&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322711%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen ZY, Cheng AC, Wang MS, Xu DW, Jia R, Guo YF, Zeng W In order to define clearly the conditions leading to the outcome of acute duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infection, 1-day-old Pekin ducklings were infected with DHBV by different routes and given different doses of inoculum. Groups of 24 ducklings were inoculated either intravenously via the vena cruralis, or intraperitoneally with pooled serum containing either 1.6 x 10(7) or 1.6 x 10(4) DHBV genomes. One control duck from each group was inoculated with an equal volume of normal duck serum. A sensitive and reproducible real-time polymerase chain reaction assay based on TaqMan technology was developed for the detection and quantitation of DHBV DNA in the serum and liver. DHBAg was observed in the hepatocytes by immunohist... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314276 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314270&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322712%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Daum I, Finsterbusch T, Härtle S, Göbel TW, Mankertz A, Korbel R, Grund C Infections with pigeon circovirus (PiCV) (also termed columbid circovirus) occur in meat and racing pigeons (Columba livia) of all ages and have been reported worldwide. A PiCV infection is associated with immunosuppression and the development of young pigeon disease syndrome. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of virus-specific serum antibody was developed for research purposes. In the absence of a method to propagate PiCV in cell culture, the assay was based on a recombinant truncated capsid protein (rCapPiCV) produced by overexpression in Escherichia coli. A 6xHis-Tag was fused to the N-terminus of the protein to facilitate purification by metal affinity ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314270 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314264&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322713%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Duchatel JP, Todd D, Willeman C, Losson B The development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on SYBR Green chemistry is described for the quantification of pigeon circovirus (PiCV) DNA in various samples. Plasmid containing a fragment of the PiCV genome was used to create a standard curve and to estimate the viral DNA copies in analysed samples. Both primers were designed in highly conserved regions to avoid false negatives, and amplified a 139-base-pair amplicon. When the amplifications were performed in the presence of cellular DNA extracted from PCR-negative liver, bursa and spleen samples, the detection limits were respectively 20, 20 and 60 copies of genome per milligram of tissue. These limits were 10, 160 and 25 copies/microl for control blood, sera an... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314264 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314258&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322714%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rimondi A, Craig MI, Vagnozzi A, König G, Delamer M, Pereda A Twenty infectious bronchitis virus isolates were recovered from broilers and layers in different outbreaks amongst commercial poultry flocks in different geographic regions of Argentina from 2001 to 2008. The viruses were isolated from the tracheas, lungs, and caecal tonsils of birds that were showing respiratory signs. Further analysis based on their nucleotide and amino acid sequences in hypervariable region (HVR) 1 and the intervening sequence including HVRs 1 and 2 (HVR1/2) of the S1 gene was done to determine the genetic relationships among them and reference strains. Five isolates were highly related to the Massachusetts or Connecticut serotypes, indicating the probability of the detection and isolation o... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314258 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314252&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322715%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hedegaard L, Christensen H, Chadfield MS, Christensen JP, Bisgaard M The genus Streptococcus consists of more than 60 species, but only Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, Streptococcus gallolyticus ssp. gallolyticus, Streptococcus gallinaceus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus suis have been isolated from poultry. During investigations of the aetiology of increased mortality in broiler parent stock at the end of production, pure cultures of streptococcal-like organisms that could not be classified among these six species were obtained from 24 cases of septicaemia or valvular endocarditis and septicaemia. Phenotypic characterization using the API20 STREP kit identified the isolates as Aerococcus viridans (10), Aerococcus urinae (2), Le... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314252 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314246&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322716%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tian WX, Zhang WP, Li JK, Bi DR, Guo DZ, Pan SY, Zhang YH, Qin P Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is characterized by expansion of the proximal growth plates of the tibiotarsus that fail to form bone, lack blood vessels, and contain non-viable cells. Thiram (a carbamate pesticide), when fed to young broiler chicks, induces TD with high regularity and precision. We used this experimental model to understand the cause of the defects associated with TD by selecting and identifying the genes differentially expressed in the TD growth plate of broiler chickens. Broiler chicks at 7 days of age were randomly divided into two groups. After fasting overnight, they were fed with regular diet (control) or the same diet containing 100 mg/kg thiram for 96 h to induce TD (thiram-fed). mRNA was p... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314246 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314241&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322717%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen S, Cheng A, Wang M, Zhu D, Luo Q, Liu F, Chen X To establish an ideal method for the detailed definition of the tropism of the goose adenovirus new-type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) in conventional paraformaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded gosling tissue sections, an indirect immunofluorescence assay was established and optimized in this study for the first time. Three-day-old goslings orally inoculated with the CN strain of NGVEV were killed from 0.5 h to 30 days post-infection (p.i.) at intervals, and organs were collected and prepared for immunofluorescence assay and ultrastructural observation. NGVEV antigens could be detected in the gastrointestinal tract and lymphoid organs as early as 24 h p.i. The lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius, thymus, Harderian glan... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314241 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314237&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322718%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Palya V, Zolnai A, Benyeda Z, Kovács E, Kardi V, Mató T From the early 1970s to the present, numerous cases of short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) have been reported in mule ducks from France. The animals showed strong growth retardation with smaller beak and tarsus. It was suggested that the syndrome was caused by goose parvovirus on the basis of serological investigation, but the causative agent has not been isolated and the disease has not so far been reproduced by experimental infection. The aim of the present study was to characterize the virus strains isolated from field cases of SBDS, and to reproduce the disease experimentally. Phylogenetic analysis proved that the parvovirus isolates obtained from SBDS of mule duck belonged to a distinct lineage of goose... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314237 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314232&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322719%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gomaa MH, Yoo D, Ojkic D, Barta JR The course of turkey coronavirus (TCoV) infection in young turkey poults was examined using a field isolate (TCoV-MG10) from a diarrhoeal disease outbreak on a commercial turkey farm in Ontario, Canada. Two-day-old and 28-day-old poults were inoculated orally with TCoV-MG10 to examine the effect of age on viral shedding and serum antibody responses to the virus. The presence of coronavirus particles measuring 105.8+/-21.8 nm in the cloacal contents was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. The pattern of cloacal TCoV shedding was examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nucleocapsid gene fragment. TCoV serum antibody responses were assessed with two recently developed TCoV enzyme-linked immu... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314232 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2122869&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19156576%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis of the amplicons generated from the second internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS-2) was used to distinguish between seven pathogenic Eimeria species of chickens, and the results were compared with those obtained from the previously described technique, capillary electrophoresis. Using a series of known monospecific lines of Eimeria species, HRM curve analysis was shown to distinguish between Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria brunetti, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria mitis, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria praecox and Eimeria tenella. Computerized analysis of the HRM curves and capillary electrophoresis profiles could detect the dominant species in several specimens containing different ratios of E. necatrix and E. maxima and of E. ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2122869 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:07:44 +0100 2122869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2122868&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19156577%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Todd D, Smyth VJ, Ball NW, Donnelly BM, Wylie M, Knowles NJ, Adair BM Earlier work identified and biologically characterized antigenically distinct enterovirus-like viruses (ELVs) of chickens. Three of these ELVs can now be identified as astroviruses. Characterization involved the use of a hitherto undescribed, degenerate primer-based reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify astrovirus open reading frame (ORF) 1b-specific cDNA fragments followed by nucleotide sequence determination and analysis of the amplified fragments. ELV-1 was confirmed as an isolate of the astrovirus avian nephritis virus (ANV). ELV-4 (isolate 612) and ELV-3 (isolates FP3 and 11672) were antigenically and genetically related to the second characterized astrovirus of chickens, n... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2122868 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:07:40 +0100 2122868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2122867&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19156578%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rahman SA, El-Kenawy AA, Neumann U, Herrler G, Winter C Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major pathogen in commercial poultry flocks. We recently demonstrated that sialic acid serves as a receptor determinant for IBV on the tracheal epithelium. Here we compared the IBV strains Beaudette, 4/91, Italy02, and QX for their sialic acid-binding properties. We demonstrate that sialic acid binding is important for the infection of primary chicken kidney cells and the tracheal epithelium by all four strains. There were only slight differences between the four strains, indicating the universal usage of sialic acids as receptor determinants by IBV. In addition, we analysed the primary target cells in the respiratory epithelium of the four different strains and found that all ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2122867 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:07:37 +0100 2122867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2122866&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19156579%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to determine the pathogenicity and growth characteristics of six ILTV commercial poultry isolates as compared with the CEO vaccine. Two isolates representative of PCR-RFLP Groups IV, V, and VI were selected. Differences in disease severity, viral tissue distribution in chickens, and plaque formation ability in cell culture were observed among viral genotypes IV, V, and VI, and between V-A and V-B isolates. Mild respiratory clinical signs were produced by IV-A, IV-B and the CEO vaccine, while VI-A and VI-B isolates produced severe respiratory signs and severe depression, and during the peak of clinical signs both isolates were re-isolated from the conjunctiva, sinus, trachea and thymus. Similarly to Group VI isolates, V-A and V-B produced severe respiratory s... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2122866 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:07:31 +0100 2122866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2122865&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19156580%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Foldenauer U, Rusch M, Simova-Curd S, Nitzl D, Hoop RK, Hatt JM A 30-year-old Salvin's Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis salvini) with a history of a lifelong poor diet and inappropriate housing was presented in lateral recumbency to a veterinary teaching hospital for further evaluation. Radiological and ultrasonographic examination revealed a mild proventricular dilatation, mild hepatomegaly, signs of enteritis and airsacculitis. The main laboratory findings included a mild macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia, hypoglobulinaemia, decreased bile acids and increased alkaline phosphatase. In this bird a liver pathology was suspected because of the clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings. The bird was treated with supportive care and metabolic aids. After initial improvemen... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2122865 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:07:26 +0100 2122865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2122864&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19156581%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yee KS, Cardona CJ, Carpenter TE In this experiment we evaluated the transmission characteristics of a chicken-adapted low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) of subtype H6N2, from infected chickens to Japanese quail and Pekin ducks, which are commonly sold in live bird markets located in Southern California. The layout of the cages and bird-handling practices were similar to those found in Southern California live bird markets. Five out of 20 chickens were inoculated with LPAIV H6N2, and placed in direct contact with five chickens and in indirect contact with 10 chickens, 10 Japanese quail and 10 Pekin ducks. Transmission of LPAIV was followed in each bird daily for 15 days post inoculation by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing of oropha... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2122864 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:07:16 +0100 2122864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2122863&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19156582%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Khan A, Yousaf A, Khan MZ, Siddique M, Gul ST, Mahmood F The present study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology and lesions of avian pox in captive peafowl chicks. Overall values of morbidity, mortality and case fatality were 45.2%, 27.1% and 60.0%, respectively. The chicks of 9 to 12 weeks of age showed a significantly (P<0.001) higher prevalence rate than other age groups. The morbidity and mortality due to avian pox in peafowl chicks was significantly (P<0.001) reduced when kept in mosquito-proof cages and hatched under broody chicken hens. Morbidity due to poxvirus infection on the peafowl farm was 82%, 26% and 12% in successive years. This reduction might have been the result of the introduction of mosquito-proof nets after year 1, although this was not t... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2122863 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:07:05 +0100 2122863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2122862&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19156583%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, turkeys were either actively or passively immunized and were then challenged to assess the role of antibody-mediated immunity in the protection form this disease. Active immunization was performed either by experimental infection and treatment or by intramuscular injection with lysed H. meleagridis. Passive immunization was attempted by intraperitoneal administration of pooled, concentrated, neutralizing antisera from immunized donor animals to naive turkeys. A significantly higher IgG response was observed after infection and treatment than after intramuscular injection, which in turn was higher than the responses of placebo and control birds. While active immunization of turkeys by intramuscular injection of dead H. meleagridis antigens appeared not to be protective agains... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2122862 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:06:57 +0100 2122862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2122861&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19156584%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Feberwee A, de Wit JJ, Landman WJ A novel eggshell pathology, characterized by an altered shell surface, thinning, increased translucency, and cracks and breaks in the eggshell apex, has become increasingly common in layer flocks of various breeds in The Netherlands. Two field studies found an association between the eggshell apex abnormalities (EAA) and infection with Mycoplasma synoviae. M. synoviae was isolated from the oviduct of birds that produced abnormal eggs, but not from birds in control flocks, although both affected and control birds had agglutinating antibodies against M. synoviae. After a single injection with long-acting oxytetracycline, the production of abnormal eggs ceased, but then reoccurred about 12 days later. A causal relationship between EAA and M. syno... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2122861 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:06:50 +0100 2122861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2122860&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19156585%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19156585 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2122860 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:06:41 +0100 2122860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2108480&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19145513%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun S, Cui Z, Wang J, Wang Z The present study was conducted to understand epidemiological factors that depress the protective efficacy of vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Specific pathogen free chickens were infected at different ages with immunosuppressive reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), then vaccinated with inactivated vaccine H5N2 and challenged with HPAI H5N1. Compared with control birds, early REV infection significantly inhibited antibody response to H5N2 vaccine and dramatically decreased protective efficacy. Immunosuppressive effects lasted for 4 months, and high mortality occurred in chickens receiving three vaccinations during 3 months prior to challenge with HPAI H5N1. Epidemiological studies indicated that REV infection and vertical... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2108480 Wed, 14 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2108480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2090715&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19130351%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Belluco S, Chahory S, Vanore M, Wyrzykovsky B, Fleurance R, Morin H, Torriglia A, Wyers M, Colle MA Ocular opacity, associated with reluctance to move and inability to feed properly, was observed in approximately 1% of all newly hatched females from several related flocks of Mulard ducks. A 5-week follow-up study of 10 1-day-old affected females was performed, and they were compared with 10 control animals. Clinical, ocular and ultrasonographic examinations, and a complete necropsy of two animals per group with histological examination of the eye, were performed weekly. A bilateral immature cortical anterior cataract was diagnosed at ocular examination and confirmed by ultrasonography in affected ducks. Dyscoria was occasionally observed in affected animals. Severe cataract, w... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2090715 Thu, 08 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2090715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2090714&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19130352%26dopt%3DAbstract We report an outbreak of H5N1 HPAIV in Houbara bustards, which were introduced into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for falconry purposes. Ninety-three per cent mortality (38 out of 41 birds) in the infected Houbara bustard flock and about 62.5% mortality (10 out of 16 birds) in falcons that came in contact with these birds were observed. Pooled cloacal and tracheal swabs from Houbara bustards as well as visceral organ homogenates collected in Houbara bustards and falcons were tested by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and virus isolation was attempted in specific pathogen free hens' eggs. The viruses isolated were characterized as HPAIV H5N1. Phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinating and Neuraminidase (NA) genes revealed that the viruses isolated from Houbara bu... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2090714 Thu, 08 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2090714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2048617&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19089694%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Neubauer C, De Souza-Pilz M, Bojesen AM, Bisgaard M, Hess M Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica has been suggested to have a causal role in peritonitis and salpingitis in chickens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of G. anatis biovar haemolytica in chickens with reproductive disorders. One hundred and forty one birds from 31 layer flocks were submitted for necropsy and the following organs were examined for bacteria: choana, trachea, lung, heart, liver, spleen, ovary, oviduct, duodenum and cloaca. Examination for Escherichia coli was included as it can induce reproductive disorders. G. anatis was isolated in pure culture from the reproductive tract of affected birds in six of the 31 flocks while E. coli was obtained in pure culture from 1... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2048617 Tue, 16 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2048617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1981983&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19023754%26dopt%3DAbstract EDITORIAL. Avian Pathol. 2008 Dec;37(6):553 Authors: Cavanagh D PMID: 19023754 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1981983 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 15:45:15 +0100 1981983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1981982&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19023755%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Spickler AR, Trampel DW, Roth JA Some avian influenza viruses may be transmissible to mammals by ingestion. Cats and dogs have been infected by H5N1 avian influenza viruses when they ate raw poultry, and two human H5N1 infections were linked to the ingestion of uncooked duck blood. The possibility of zoonotic influenza from exposure to raw poultry products raises concerns about flocks with unrecognized infections. The present review examines the onset of virus shedding and the development of clinical signs for a variety of avian influenza viruses in chickens. In experimentally infected birds, some high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) and low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses can occur in faeces and respiratory secretions as early as 1 to 2 days after inoculatio... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1981982 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 15:45:11 +0100 1981982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1981981&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19023756%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun Q, Wang D, She R, Li W, Liu S, Han D, Wang Y, Ding Y In addition to their well-characterized role in allergic inflammation, recent data confirm that mast cells play a more extensive role in a variety of viral infections. The contribution of mast cells to Newcastle disease pathogenesis has not been investigated. We evaluated mast cell activity after Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection in specific pathogen free chickens using cytochemical and immunocytochemical analyses. The results were as follows. Severe tissue damage was observed in the proventriculus, duodenum, jejunum and caecal tonsil, and NDV antigens were detected and presented extensively in these tissues. Second, in the NDV-infected group, the mast cell population was increased markedly in the proventriculus, d... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1981981 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 15:45:07 +0100 1981981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1981980&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19023757%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Corney BG, Diallo IS, Wright L, Hewitson G, De Jong A, Tolosa X, Burrell P, Duffy P, Rodwell B, Boyle DB, Blackall PJ A 5' Taq nuclease assay specific for Avibacterium paragallinarum was designed and optimized for use in diagnosing infectious coryza. The region chosen for assay design was one of known specificity for Av. paragallinarum. The assay detected Av. paragallinarum reference strains representing the three Page and the eight Kume serovars, and field isolates from diverse geographical locations. No cross-reactions were observed with other Avibacterium species, with other bacteria taxonomically related to Av. paragallinarum nor with bacteria and viruses likely to be present in swabs collected from suspected infectious coryza cases. The detection limit for the assay was 6... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1981980 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 15:45:04 +0100 1981980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1981979&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19023758%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Monleon R, Martin MP, John Barnes H Two cases of orchitis and epididymo-orchitis in broiler breeders are described. The first case occurred in a 62-week-old rooster showing signs of breeding inactivity. Grossly, the left testis was abnormally shaped and had multiple yellow foci, prominent blood vessels, and a gelatinous mass on the surface. The right testis and other tissues appeared normal. A pure, heavy growth of Staphylococcus aureus was obtained on bacterial culture, and intralesional Gram-positive cocci were numerous on histopathology. The second case occurred in a 28-week-old rooster that was found dead. Both testes were abnormally shaped, swollen, firm, and had irregular, dark, depressed areas, prominent vessels, and multiple petechial haemorrhages. Epididymides were en... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1981979 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 15:44:58 +0100 1981979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1981978&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19023759%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Londt BZ, Nunez A, Banks J, Nili H, Johnson LK, Alexander DJ Asian H5N1 (hereafter referred to as panzootic H5N1) highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus has caused large numbers of deaths in both poultry and wild-bird populations. Recent isolates of this virus have been reported to cause disease and death in commercial ducks, which has not been seen with other HPAI viruses. However, little is known about either the dissemination of this H5N1 within the organs or the cause of death in infected ducks. Nineteen 4-week-old Pekin ducks were infected with 10(6.7) median egg infectious doses of HPAI A/turkey/Turkey/1/05 (H5N1, clade 2.2) in 0.1ml via the intranasal and intraocular routes. Cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were taken daily before three animals were selected rand... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1981978 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 15:44:53 +0100 1981978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1981977&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19023760%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Feberwee A, de Vries TS, Landman WJ Before the year 2000, Mycoplasma synoviae was associated mainly with subclinical respiratory infections in broilers in the Netherlands and was considered to have low clinical and economic impact. The subsequent occurrence of M. synoviae arthritis and amyloid arthropathy, and of eggshell apex abnormalities, has resulted in an increasing demand for M. synoviae-free poultry. Therefore, a cross-sectional seroprevalence study was carried out over a 12-month period during 2005 and 2006. Ten blood samples per farm were generally used because M. synoviae was expected to spread quickly. However, for grandparent and layer breeder stock, 24 to 60 blood samples per house were available from a voluntary M. synoviae monitoring programme. Sera were tested ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1981977 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 15:44:48 +0100 1981977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1981976&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19023761%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dhondt AA, Dhondt KV, McCleery BV Mycoplasma gallisepticum has been isolated from various species of free-living birds, and we therefore tested the hypothesis that bird species other than the main host, the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), could play a role in the epidemiology of the infection. We compared the disease course in the house finch, American goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus) after inoculation into the conjunctival sac with M. gallisepticum, and also the degree to which the three species were infectious to other naive house finches. Severity of clinical signs was least in house sparrows, intermediate in American goldfinch and the highest in house finch. House sparrows were only mildly infectious to naive house finches for a short... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1981976 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 15:44:44 +0100 1981976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1981975&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19023762%26dopt%3DAbstract INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS. Avian Pathol. 2008 Dec;37(6):641-642 Authors: PMID: 19023762 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1981975 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 15:44:41 +0100 1981975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1981974&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19023763%26dopt%3DAbstract Title Page, Contents, Author & Subject Index 2008. Avian Pathol. 2008 Dec;37(6):643-650 Authors: PMID: 19023763 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1981974 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 15:44:38 +0100 1981974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1981973&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19023764%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19023764 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1981973 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 15:44:35 +0100 1981973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1981972&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19023765%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19023765 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1981972 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 15:44:32 +0100 1981972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884274&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18923971%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chon H, Choi B, Jeong G, Mo I In low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus, the effects of prophylactic oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum KFCC11389P on immunity, viral loads and levels of nitric oxide and interferon-gamma in splenocytes from specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were investigated. For in vitro screening of the antiviral effect, haemagglutination activities of four different lactic acid bacterial strains by direct contact with virus were measured. L. plantarum KFCC11389P only neutralized the virus on the SPF eggs. For in vivo studies, four groups of chickens were fed with various L. plantarum KFCC11389P bacterial components and were then challenged with LPAI virus at 28 days. Additionally, two control groups were used as negative (virus-unchallen... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884274 Thu, 16 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884275&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18923962%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nain S, Wojnarowicz C, Laarveld B, Olkowski AA Thermal processing of meat products generates cardiotoxic compounds capable of inducing heart failure in both humans and laboratory animals. Such compounds may be present in broiler diets because supplements such as meat meal (MM), which are commonly used in broiler rations, are rendered at high temperature. Our objective was to evaluate whether putative cardiotoxic compounds in MM increase the risk of heart failure in broilers. The treatment and control diets were prepared by mixing the condensed MM extract (equivalent to dietary MM inclusion of 25%) or placebo (condensed extraction medium) with commercial broiler feed, and the respective diets were offered to commercial male broilers randomly allocated to either treatment or con... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884275 Wed, 15 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1803634&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18798021%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu D, Niu ZX The gene fragment coding for the complement protein C3 (chC3d) from Arbor Acres (AA) chickens was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein for its application in the vaccine study of chicken, and for in vitro experiments. The chC3d fragment strengthened B-cell responses when complexed with antigen. Three potential vaccine construct units were engineered to contain two, four and six copies of the chC3d-P29 coding gene linked to the F gene of Newcastle disease virus, an economically important pathogen of chicken that is classified as a list A contagious disease of poultry by the Office International des Epizooties. Recombinant chC3d protein and C3d-P29 proteins that contained the F gene of Newcastle disease virus (C3d-F-P29.n) were generated separately in Escherich... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1803634 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 17:53:16 +0100 1803634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1803633&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18798022%26dopt%3DAbstract This study confirms that vaccination at 1 day old and at 14 days of age using the Ma5 and 4/91 IB vaccines may be instrumental in reducing the economic impact of QX IB virus infections in layer and broiler farms. PMID: 18798022 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1803633 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 17:53:12 +0100 1803633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1803632&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18798023%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lierz M, Hafez HM Mycoplasmas are well-known pathogens in a variety of animals. In poultry it is known that some species can be transmitted by semen and infect the uterus of females. As the prevalence of mycoplasmas in birds of prey is very high and artificial insemination is a commonly used technique for reproduction, the possibility of transmission Mycoplasma spp. by contaminated semen in birds of prey was investigated. Isolation of mycoplasmas was possible in five out of 32 (15.6%) semen samples of different bird of prey species. Two additional semen samples were positive for mycoplasma DNA using a Mycoplasma-genus-specific polymerase chain reaction. The isolation of mycoplasmas from a testicular sample indicates the testis as the possible source of contamination. Sequencin... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1803632 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 17:53:08 +0100 1803632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1803631&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18798024%26dopt%3DAbstract This report presents the complete nucleotide sequences of two live attenuated strains of GPV (82-0321V and VG32/1) that were independently developed in Taiwan and Europe, together with the parental strain of 82-0321V and a field strain isolated in Taiwan in 2006. Sequence comparisons showed that 82-0321V and VG32/1 had multiple deletions and substitutions in the inverted terminal repeats region when compared with their parental strain or the field virus, but these changes did not affect the formation of the hairpin structure essential for viral replication. Moreover, 82-0321V and VG32/1 had five amino acid changes in the non-structural protein, but these changes were located at positions distant from known functional motifs in the non-structural protein. In contrast, 82-0321V had nine chan... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1803631 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 17:53:03 +0100 1803631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1803630&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18798025%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dipineto L, Gargiulo A, De Luca Bossa LM, Rinaldi L, Borrelli L, Menna LF, Fioretti A The present study was undertaken with the aim to evaluate the prevalence of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in living pheasants in Italy. To achieve this goal, a total of 240 living pheasants, equally shared between female and male birds, were examined. Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. was isolated in 104 out of 204 (43.3%) living pheasants analysed. Campylobacter coli (100%) and Campylobacter jejuni (13.5%) were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Adult pheasants showed a significantly higher prevalence value (P < 0.05) than younger pheasants. PMID: 18798025 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1803630 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 17:52:58 +0100 1803630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1803629&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18798026%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Talebi A, Amirzadeh B, Mokhtari B, Gahri H The effects of the probiotic PrimaLac (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Enterococcus faecium and Bifidobacterium bifidium) was investigated on performance and immune responses to vaccination against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease in broiler chickens. Use of PrimaLac significantly (P<0.05) enhanced broiler performance by improving body weight and decreasing the feed conversion ratio. Although administration of the probiotic appeared to improve the antibody responses to Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease vaccination, the antibody titres of the probiotic-treated group were not significantly different from those not receiving probiotics. PMID: 18798026 [PubMed - in process] (Source... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1803629 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 17:52:53 +0100 1803629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1803628&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18798027%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe a molecular construction strategy that enabled the development of virus-like particles (VLPs). Western blot analyses and neuraminidase inhibition assay of cell supernatants purified by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation showed that HA, NA and M1 proteins were expressed and co-released. Electron microscopy examination revealed VLPs that were morphologically identical to wild-type virus. Immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated that H5 and N3 proteins were present on the VLP surface, and haemagglutination and neuraminidase assays showed that the H and N proteins, respectively, were biologically active. In addition, VLP immunogenicity (induction of haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies) was demonstrated in specific pathogen free Muscovy ducks. According to our succe... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1803628 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 17:52:50 +0100 1803628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1803627&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18798028%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Stone curlews kept in a mixed-species rearing unit in Dubai. Cryptosporidium was the predominant intestinal pathogen detected, although microbiological investigations revealed a concurrent Salmonella infantis infection in two of the 29 Stone curlew chicks that died. Nineteen of 29 birds had catarrhal enteritis associated with histopathological findings of numerous Cryptosporidium developmental stages at the mucosal surface. Catarrhal enteritis was present without associated Cryptosporidium oocysts in five cases. Histology of the intestine, faecal examination by direct microscopy and antigenic detection by immunochromatography revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. associated with catarrhal enteritis in intestinal sections and faeces. C... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1803627 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 17:52:43 +0100 1803627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1803626&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18798029%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morrow CJ, Samu G, Matrai E, Klausz A, Wood AM, Richter S, Jaskulska B, Hess M In broiler breeder flocks in one broiler integration in Hungary, a new syndrome appeared in January 2005 with initially four successive post-peak flocks experiencing significant decreases in egg production. Clinically birds became depressed and there was a small increase in the mortality rate. Postmortem examinations revealed enlarged livers in up to 19% of birds dying, and enlarged spleens in some. Also observed were birds with either clotted blood or serosanguineous fluid in the abdomen and subcapsular haemorrhages of the liver. Histopathology and polymerase chain reaction excluded tumours and the presence of common tumour-associated viruses. Chronic bacterial infections (especially causing hepati... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1803626 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 17:52:40 +0100 1803626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1803625&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18798030%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gronesova P, Ficova M, Mizakova A, Kabat P, Trnka A, Betakova T The prevalence of Borrelia, Mycobacteria and avian influenza virus (AIV) infections, together with the distribution of different AIV subtypes, was studied in migratory waterfowl and terrestrial birds trapped in three localities in Slovakia during 2006. Samples obtained from waterfowl captured in the Senianske Ponds area of Eastern Slovakia showed the highest diversity of AIV isolates. A total of 13 different subtypes were detected in 19 samples from this location (H1N2, H2N2, H3N2, H6N6, H7N6, H9N2, H9N5, H9N6, H10N5, H10N6, H12N6, H13N6, and H16N6). H3N5 virus was detected in 50% of passerines testing positive for AIV in the Parizske Wetlands, with H7N2, H9N2, H9N5, H12N1, and H13N2 infections also recorded at th... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1803625 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 17:52:35 +0100 1803625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1803624&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18798031%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, inoculation in the lung is selected as the preferred model for chronic aspergillosis in pigeons, and inoculation in the thoracic air sac as the preferred model for acute aspergillosis. The use of immunosuppressed birds seems to be contra-indicated due to the risk of opportunistic infections. PMID: 18798031 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1803624 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 17:52:32 +0100 1803624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1803623&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18798032%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 18798032 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1803623 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 17:52:28 +0100 1803623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628076&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622850%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dziva F, Stevens MP Avian colibacillosis is caused by a group of pathogens designated avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Despite being known for over a century, avian colibacillosis remains one of the major endemic diseases afflicting the poultry industry worldwide. Autologous bacterins provide limited serotype-specific protection, yet multiple serogroups are associated with disease, especially O1, O2 and O78 among many others. Experimental infection models have facilitated the identification of some key APEC virulence genes and have allowed testing of vaccine candidates. Well-recognized virulence factors include Type 1 (F1) and P (Pap/Prs) fimbriae for colonization, IbeA for invasion, iron acquisition systems, TraT and Iss for serum survival, K and O antigens for anti-... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628076 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:51 +0100 1628076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628075&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622851%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nain S, Ling B, Bandy B, Alcorn J, Wojnarowicz C, Laarveld B, Olkowski AA The present study examined the possible role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of heart failure in broilers. Data were collected from three groups of birds at various risk of heart failure: Leghorn chickens (resistant to heart failure), slow-growing feed-restricted broilers (low risk of heart failure), fast-growing ad libitum fed broilers (high risk of heart failure), and broilers with congestive heart failure (CHF). In the first part of the study, basic clinical parameters and ultrastructural changes were examined in the context of lipid peroxidation of the ventricular myocardium. This was followed by the study of in vitro changes in the activity of selected cytosolic enzymes (creatine kina... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628075 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:48 +0100 1628075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628074&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622852%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Timothy S, Shafi K, Leatherbarrow AH, Jordan FT, Wigley P The molecular epidemiology of 70 Escherichia coli isolates from an infection outbreak in a layer breeder flock was examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and for a range of virulence factors by polymerase chain reaction. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed 35 of 45 isolates from eight disease cases were associated with a single clonal group that was the exclusive strain associated with reproductive tract. A second unrelated group was found in environmental isolates and healthy birds. The remaining isolates were unrelated to each other or either clonal group. Polymerase chain reaction virulotyping indicated the "epidemic" clonal group contains virulence factors including iss, sfa, tsh, iucC, ibeA, and sitA asso... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628074 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:46 +0100 1628074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628073&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622853%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, despite the marked bactericidal effect of butyrate towards C. jejuni in vitro, butyrate-coated micro-beads do not protect broilers from caecal colonization with C. jejuni in the applied test conditions. This might be partially ascribed to the protective effect of mucous and the rapid absorption of butyrate by the enterocytes. PMID: 18622853 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628073 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:43 +0100 1628073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628072&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622854%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grodio JL, Dhondt KV, O'Connell PH, Schat KA A TaqMan-based real-time, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay utilizing the mgc2 gene was developed to detect Mycoplasma gallisepticum in conjunctival swabs of experimentally infected house finches. The assay was demonstrated to be quantitative by the standard curve method with reproducible results within runs and between runs. The detection limit of the mgc2 assay was examined using two standards. The test had a detection limit of less than 14 copies per reaction when tested with a plasmid standard and less than 10 copies per reaction when tested with M. gallisepticum genomic DNA. All M. gallisepticum-negative birds (10 specific pathogen free chickens and 10 house finches) were negative by mgc2 qPCR assay. Existing ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628072 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:40 +0100 1628072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628071&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622855%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brown JD, Stallknecht DE, Swayne DE The present study investigated the susceptibility of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) exposed to two strains of Asian lineage H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus by evenly separating six gulls into two groups and inoculating them intranasally with 10(6) median embryo infectious doses of either A/whooper swan/Mongolia/244/05 (H5N1) or A/duck meat/Anyang/AVL-1/01 (H5N1). Two additional gulls were fed 5.0 g meat from a specific pathogen free chicken that died after experimental infection with A/whooper swan/Mongolia/244/05. Morbidity and mortality were observed in the gulls infected with A/whooper swan/Mongolia/244/05 by both routes of exposure. Gulls infected with A/duck meat/Anyang/AVL-1/01 exhibited high morbidity, but no mor... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628071 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:38 +0100 1628071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628070&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622856%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, comparing strains belonging to different Salmonella serotypes has revealed that most probably a preferential colonization of the reproductive organs and an enhanced survival at 42 degrees C allows the serotype Enteritidis to contaminate eggs. PMID: 18622856 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628070 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:34 +0100 1628070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628069&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622857%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Toffan A, Serena Beato M, De Nardi R, Bertoli E, Salviato A, Cattoli G, Terregino C, Capua I Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses cause viraemia and systemic infections with virus replication in internal organs and muscles; in contrast, low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses produce mild infections with low mortality rates and local virus replication. There is little available information on the ability of LPAI viruses to cause viraemia or on the presence of avian influenza viruses in general in the muscles of infected turkeys. The aim of the present study was to determine the ability of LPAI and HPAI H7N1 viruses to reach muscle tissues following experimental infection and to determine the efficacy of vaccination in preventing viraemia and meat localizat... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628069 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:32 +0100 1628069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628068&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622858%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: López RM, Múrcia DB Teratomas are defined as germ cell origin neoplasms that can be rarely found in either humans or animals. Their most common localization is the gonads, although extragonadal localization has also been observed. In avian medicine, there is scarce literature about the occurrence of teratomas and their clinical implications, and this is mainly in wildlife birds . For this reason, we report the first description of a teratoma with both retrobulbar and intracranial locations in a 10-day-old chick of a lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) born in captivity. The raptor was treated in a centre of wildlife rehabilitation because of the presence of left periocular swelling and exopthalmos. The bird worsened rapidly with signs of vestibular syndrome, ataxia and d... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628068 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:30 +0100 1628068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628067&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622859%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Landman WJ, Mevius DJ, Veldman KT, Feberwee A The in vitro susceptibility of 17 Dutch Mycoplasma synoviae isolates from commercial poultry to enrofloxacin, difloxacin, doxycycline, tylosin and tilmicosin was examined. Three isolates originated from joint lesions and 14 were from the respiratory tract. The type strain M. synoviae WVU 1853 was included as a control strain. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested quantitatively using the broth microdilution test. Based on initial and final minimum inhibitory concentration values, all tested isolates were susceptible to doxycycline, tylosin and tilmicosin. Two isolates from the respiratory tract were resistant to enrofloxacin and showed intermediate resistance to difloxacin. PMID: 18622859 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pat... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628067 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:27 +0100 1628067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628066&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622860%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrates the risk of persistence of feed-associated serovars such as S. Senftenberg. PMID: 18622860 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628066 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:24 +0100 1628066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628065&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622861%26dopt%3DAbstract In this report, one isolate each of APMV 2, 4, and 6 were isolated from wild birds and subsequently characterized in specific pathogen free chickens. All three isolates caused no clinical symptoms but showed microscopic lesions in the trachea, lungs, gut, and pancreas characteristic for a viral infection. Interestingly, only APMV 2 induced haemagglutination inhibition antibodies, while haemagglutination inhibition antibodies of chickens infected with APMV 4 and 6 were not detected. The replication of the virus in the birds was confirmed by isolation of the virus in embryonated eggs. PMID: 18622861 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628065 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:20 +0100 1628065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628064&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622862%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zsak L, Strother KO, Kisary J Poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS) of turkeys and runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) of chickens are significant viral enteric diseases of poultry. Although a number of different viruses, including avian reoviruses, rotaviruses, astroviruses and coronaviruses, have been isolated from the intestinal contents of birds in affected poultry flocks, their role in PEMS and RSS is not yet understood. Here, we report the application of a molecular screening method to detection of novel viruses in intestinal samples of chickens and turkeys exhibiting characteristic signs of enteric disease. The technique is based on random amplification of particle-associated nucleic acids in clinical samples. Using this method we successfully identified parvovirus DNA ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628064 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:18 +0100 1628064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628063&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622863%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saggese MD, Tizard I, Phalen DN Prevalence of infection and disease, the degree of organ involvement and the nature of the lesions were investigated in 11 white and 18 non-white ring-neck doves coming from a flock naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. Lesions were common in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestines, ovary and bone marrow. Overall, 18 out of 29 (62%) birds were considered infected with a sequevar of M. avium subsp. avium that contains serotypes 2, 3, 4 and 9. The prevalence of infection in the white doves (36.4%) was significantly lower than in the non-white morphs (77.7%). White doves had on average fewer organs affected (mean =3.1) than the non-white doves (mean =5.9). A diffuse pattern of inflammation in the liver and spleen was observe... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628063 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:16 +0100 1628063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628062&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622864%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Santos VL, Williams SM, Zavala G, Barbosa T, Zhang J, Cheng S, Shivaprasad HL, Hafner S, Fadly A, Santos RL, Brown CC Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) infection can result in immunosuppression, a runting syndrome, high mortality, acute reticulum cell neoplasia, or T-cell and/or B-cell lymphomas, in a variety of domestic and wild birds. Histopathological changes in REV infection are not sufficient to differentiate it from avian lymphoid leukosis and Marek's disease, and currently there are no available in situ diagnostic methods for detection of active REV presence in pathologic specimens. To develop immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assays for detection of REV active infections, experimentally inoculated Japanese quail embryos, and archived formalin-fixed paraffi... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628062 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:13 +0100 1628062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628061&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622865%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cardoso TC, Rosa AC, Astolphi RD, Vincente RM, Novais JB, Hirata KY, Luvizotto MC The presence of the very virulent (vv) Brazilian strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was determined in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus and liver of 2-week-old broilers from a flock with a higher than expected mortality. For this purpose, a direct in situ reverse transcriptase (RT)-linked polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed using specific primers for vvIBDV. Unlabelled forward and reverse biotinylated oligonucleotides were used for RT-PCR in a one-step method and the respective products were revealed by a direct enzymatic reaction. The results were compared with those obtained by standard RT-PCR using general primers for IBDV and virus isolation. The virus isolation, R... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628061 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:11 +0100 1628061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628060&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18622866%26dopt%3DAbstract INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS. Avian Pathol. 2008 Aug;37(4):463-464 Authors: PMID: 18622866 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628060 Wed, 16 Jul 2008 18:51:08 +0100 1628060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589691&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568647%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chapman HD Coccidiosis is a widespread disease of considerable economic importance to the turkey industry, as is evident by the fact that many millions of dollars are spent annually on its control. Despite this, in recent years little research has been conducted on the causative organisms--protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. This is unfortunate because current methods of control are not without problems. It is possible, therefore, that in the future optimal productivity in turkey production will be difficult to achieve. There has been no recent comprehensive literature review of coccidiosis in the turkey. In the present article our knowledge of the biology of the species of Eimeria that infect the turkey is critically reviewed. Other topics considered include host specif... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589691 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589690&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568648%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fakhrul Islam AF, Walkden-Brown SW, Groves PJ, Underwood GJ Two experiments in commercial broiler chickens vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) and challenged with Marek's disease virus (MDV) investigated the effects of the vaccination-to-challenge interval (VCI) on vaccinal protection against Marek's disease, and the kinetics of MDV and HVT load in the spleen and feather dander determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Experiment 1 in isolators tested VCI of 2, 4 and 7 days, while Experiment 2 in floor pens tested VCI of 0, 2, 4, 7 and 10 days. MDV challenge induced gross Marek's disease lesions in 14% to 74% of chickens by 56 days post-challenge. Vaccinal protection increased from approximately 40% to approximately 80% with increasing VCI bet... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589690 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589689&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568649%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perozo F, Villegas P, Dolz R, Afonso CL, Purvis LB The Villegas-Glisson/University of Georgia (VG/GA) strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from the intestine of healthy turkeys has been proposed to replicate in the respiratory and intestinal tract of chickens. In the present study, the virus distribution, the mucosal and systemic immune response, the efficacy against lethal challenge and the full genome sequence of the VG/GA strain were compared with the La Sota strain of NDV. The VG/GA strain was detected at different time points in the respiratory and intestinal tract of chickens with a preferential tropism for the latter. Both the VG/GA and La Sota strains induced NDV-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) at the upper respiratory tract. IgA levels were higher in the t... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589689 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589688&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568650%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Worthington KJ, Currie RJ, Jones RC A survey of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) genotypes in poultry flocks in selected countries in Western Europe was carried out between March 2002 and December 2006. Identification of IBV was by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of RNA extracted from oropharyngeal swabs taken from poultry flocks exhibiting signs of clinical disease thought to be attributable to IBV. Part of the hypervariable S1 gene of IBV was sequenced to differentiate between the various genotypes. During the survey, 4103 samples were processed, of which 2419 (59%) were positive for IBV. The predominant IBV genotypes detected were 793B and Massachusetts. The third and fourth most common genotypes were two new economically important field types: Italy02, and... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589688 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589687&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568651%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tavassoli M, Ownag A, Pourseyed SH, Mardani K The pathogenicity of three strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae on different life stages of Dermanyssus gallinae was evaluated in the laboratory. All the strains tested were virulent to D. gallinae but pathogenicity varied among the strains. Strain V245 induced a higher mortality rate using different concentrations than other two strains. The estimated median lethal concentration of different strains of M. anisopliae against D. gallinae varied depending on the exposure time of D. gallinae to M. anisopliae. It was concluded that the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae on different life stages of D. gallinae was concentration and time dependent. PMID: 18568651 [PubMed - in process] ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589687 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589686&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568652%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, data indicate that birds fed OA and infected with S. Gallinarum will demonstrate increased pathology compared with birds fed OA alone or those infected with S. Gallinarum but not fed OA. PMID: 18568652 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589686 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589685&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568653%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, a difference in R. anatipestifer genotypes and serotypes was observed for multiple outbreaks in waterfowls. PMID: 18568653 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589685 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589684&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568654%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bano L, Merialdi G, Bonilauri P, Dall'Anese G, Capello K, Comin D, Cattoli G, Sanguinetti V, Hampson DJ, Agnoletti F The present study investigated the occurrence of anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes of the genus Brachyspira in laying hen flocks in Treviso province, north-eastern Italy, with respect to prevalence, spirochaete species present, disease associations and risk factors for colonization. A total of 450 faecal samples from 45 sheds on 29 laying hen farms were cultured for intestinal spirochaetes. Nineteen sheds on 12 farms contained chickens with symptoms consistent with avian intestinal spirochaetosis, including reduced egg production, wet litter and/or pasty vents. Spirochaetes were isolated from 157 (34.8%) samples from 21 (72.4%) farms, and from 32 (71.1%) sheds. ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589684 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589683&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568655%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the protection elicited by one chicken embryo origin (CEO) and one tissue culture origin (TCO) vaccine against a field isolate from group VI after direct and indirect exposure to ILTV live attenuated vaccines. In phase 1 of the experiment, non-vaccinated chickens were placed into contact with the eye drop vaccinates for a period of four weeks after vaccination. Transmission of the vaccine virus to these in-contact birds was demonstrated by real time PCR and antibody production, although the in-contact birds did not become protected against disease when subsequently challenged in phase 2 of the experiment. This emphasized the importance of uniform vaccination to obtain adequate protection, both to avoid the occurrence of susceptible chickens, and ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589683 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589682&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568656%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined spike (S) gene sequences of the virus populations of four different commercial ArkDPI-derived infectious bronchitis coronavirus vaccines before and during a single passage in specific pathogen free chickens. We found different degrees of genetic heterogeneity among the four vaccines before passage in chickens, ranging from no apparent heterogeneity to heterogeneity in 20 positions in the S gene. In all except one position, nucleotide differences were non-synonymous. The majority of amino acid differences were in the S1 subunit of the protein. For three of the four ArkDPI-derived vaccines, a single subpopulation with an S gene sequence distinct from the vaccine majority consensus at 5 to 11 codons was selected in chickens within 3 days after ocular vaccination. In contrast, we o... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589682 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589681&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568657%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xuefeng Q, Xiaoyan Y, Anchun C, Mingshu W, Dekang Z, Renyong J Duck virus enteritis is an acute and contagious herpesvirus infection of duck, geese and swans with high morbidity and mortality. The kinetics of viral DNA loads and immunohistochemical localization of virulent duck enteritis virus, as well as histopathological examination in various tissues of ducks following oral infection, were investigated. The time course for the appearance of viral antigen and tissue lesions in various tissues was coincident with the levels of duck enteritis virus at the various sites, suggesting that the levels of duck enteritis virus in systemic organs have a close correlation with the progression of disease. The abundance of target epithelial and lymphoid cells may contribute to the high l... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589681 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589680&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568658%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Manarolla G, Radaelli E, Pisoni G, Sironi G, Rampin T An adult free-living European robin (Erithacus rubecula) with a large, firm, subcutaneous mass on the pectoral muscle was examined. The bird was unable to fly and died spontaneously. Necropsy revealed a yellowish, bilobate mass almost completely replacing the pectoral muscles with extensive osteolysis of the keel bone. Histopathology revealed a poorly demarcated, highly cellular sarcomatous tumour with metastases to the lungs, pulmonary blood vessels and heart. Immunohistochemistry was negative for neuron-specific enolase, S-100 protein and the p-27 major capsid protein of avian leukosis viruses. The homogeneously positive immunolabelling for vimentin and scattered positivity for myoglobin and desmin suggested a diagnosis o... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589680 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589679&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568659%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the toxico-pathological effects of diclofenac in different avian species including broiler chicks (Gallus gallus, 15 days old), pigeons (Columba livia, 3 months old), Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica, 4 weeks old) and mynah (Acridotheres tristis, independent young). For each species, five groups each containing 10 birds were maintained and administered diclofenac sodium orally at dose rates of 0, 0.25, 2.5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for seven consecutive days. Clinical signs in all species included depression, somnolence, decreased body weight and mortality. Severity of clinical disease increased in a dose-related manner and was most severe in broiler chicks, followed by pigeons, Japanese quail, and was least severe in... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589679 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589679 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589678&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568660%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kothlow S, Haüslaigner R, Kaspers B, Grund C In the present study a monoclonal antibody (mAb 14A3) was tested for its reactivity against serum immunoglobulin Y (IgY) of several waterfowl species, and subsequently for its applicability as anti-species antibody in common immunoassays. Western blot analyses demonstrated its broad cross-reactivity with the serum IgY light chain of different duck species: Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), white-winged wood duck (Asarcornis scutulatus), common pintail (Dafila acuta). Reactivity was also evident with IgY of two swan species--mute swan (Cygnus olor) and black-necked swan (Sthenelides melanocoryphus)--and two goose species--domestic goose (Anser anser var. domestica) and red-breasted goose (Rufibrenta ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589678 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589678 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589677&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568661%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Akanbi OB, Breithaupt A, Polster U, Alter T, Quandt A, Bracke A, Teifke JP The occurrence of listeriosis in 12 caged canaries is described where 50% of the birds, including the female and all of the offspring, died within 2 weeks without clinical signs. At necropsy, multifocal necrotizing and partly granulomatous hepatitis, splenitis, myocarditis, interstitial nephritis, and exudative pericarditis with intra-lesional Listeria monocytogenes were the predominant findings as shown by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Microbiology, serology and polymerase chain reaction revealed L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a as the causative agent. Thus listeriosis has to be considered in the differential diagnosis for granulomas associated with mycobacteriosis, yersiniosis, coligranulomat... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589677 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589677 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589676&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568662%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this work was to examine the impact of subclinical coccidial infection on commercial performance, expressed as a modified European Production Index, in broilers. Performance data, and litter and faecal samples, were collected from two independent observational surveys of Norwegian broilers receiving in-feed narasin during 2000 to 2004. Numbers of oocysts per gram (OPG) of litter collected during rearing (Study 1) or faecal samples collected at slaughter (both studies), and relative frequencies of Eimeria species categories (both studies) were calculated. Polymerase chain reaction-based identification of Eimeria species was performed in Study 2. A definition of flocks at risk of impaired performance associated with coccidia ("risk flock"), using the predominant species and ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589676 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589676 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589675&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568663%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Turpin EA, Stallknecht DE, Slemons RD, Zsak L, Swayne DE Metapneumoviruses (MPVs) were first reported in avian species (aMPVs) in the late 1970s and in humans in 2001. Although aMPVs have been reported in Europe and Asia for over 20 years, the virus first appeared in the United States in 1996, leaving many to question the origin of the virus and why it proved to be a different subtype from those found elsewhere. To examine the potential role of migratory waterfowl and other wild birds in aMPV spread, our study focused on determining whether populations of wild birds have evidence of aMPV infection. Serum samples from multiple species were initially screened using a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies to aMPVs were identified in five of the 15 species tested:... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589675 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589674&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568664%26dopt%3DAbstract INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS. Avian Pathol. 2008 Jun;37(3):353-354 Authors: PMID: 18568664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589674 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1589674 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589719&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18484040%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 18484040 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589719 Tue, 01 Dec 1998 05:00:00 +0100 1589719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589718&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18484041%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kuiken T, Heckert RA, Riva J, Leighton FA, Wobeser G Pathogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) caused several epidemics of Newcastle disease in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in recent years. Eleven 16-week-old cormorants were infected with, or exposed to, pathogenic NDV from one of these epidemics and monitored for 70 days. No birds died, four birds had transient ataxia between 12 and 27 days post-infection (d.p.i.), and one bird had neuronal necrosis and non-suppurative encephalitis characteristic for Newcastle disease. The mean haemagglutina-tion inhibiting antibody titre to NDV peaked at 1:630, 21 d.p.i., and decreased to 1:56 70 d.p.i. Duration of NDV excretion from the cloaca was 15 +/- 6.2 d.p.i., with a maximum of 28 d.p.i. The absence of mortality in... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589718 Tue, 01 Dec 1998 05:00:00 +0100 1589718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589717&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18484042%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ellakany H, Fabian K, Nemeth I, Stipkovits L Two experiments were conducted to test the sensitivity of Western blotting for detection of M. gallisepticum antibodies in respiratory washings and sera of infected chickens by mouse monoclonal antibodies to chicken IgG, IgM and IgA. In the first experiment, birds infected at 10 days of age were examined 2 weeks later. In the respiratory washings, IgA antibodies reacted with eight polypeptides of M. gallisepticum, while IgM and IgG reacted with three. In the serum IgA antibodies were not detected but IgM antibodies reacted with eight polypeptides and IgG with 16. In the second experiment birds were infected at 3 weeks of age and a subgroup was examined every week for 3 weeks post-infection. In the respiratory washings IgA was the pr... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589717 Tue, 01 Dec 1998 05:00:00 +0100 1589717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589716&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18484043%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trinkaus K, Wenisch S, Leiser R, Gravendyck M, Kaleta EF Skin biopsies from 23 birds with psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) were examined by light and electron microscopy. Affected cells, preferentially found in the cell layers of the feather follicles, could be clearly identified by the presence of intracytoplasmic virus inclusion bodies. Ultrastructurally, the degenerative process in these cells was morphologically suggestive of apoptosis. PMID: 18484043 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589716 Tue, 01 Dec 1998 05:00:00 +0100 1589716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589715&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18484044%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Czifra G, Meszaros J, Horvath E, Moving V, Engstrom BE Fourteen groups of young commercial chickens were immunized once with a live NDV vaccine using different vaccine doses and routes of vaccination in five experiments. Three to six weeks later, small groups were selected from each flock. Sera were tested by the haemagglutination-inhibition test and a monoclonal antibody blocking ELISA, and the birds were challenged with a virulent NDV strain. Degree of protection was dose-dependent in those groups where the vaccine was administered orally at 3 weeks of age. Aerosol and eye drop vaccinations performed in day-old chicks provided full protection at 5 or 6 weeks of age. There was a good agreement between the two serological methods and positive results in any of the tests were r... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589715 Tue, 01 Dec 1998 05:00:00 +0100 1589715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589714&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18484045%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Azzam AH, Gabal MA A study was conducted on the impact of aflatoxin in the feed on the prophylactic immunization of layer hens against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious bursal disease and fowl cholera. Four-hundred-and-eighty 18-week-old white leghorn chickens were used. Different groups of hens were vaccinated, as per commercial recommendations, with a commercial inactivated triple vaccine against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and infectious bursal disease. A killed polyvalent bacterin was used for fowl cholera. Aflatoxin was fed for 22 weeks at a daily dose of 200 parts/10(9)/hen. Aflatoxin significantly reduced antibody titres, resulted in a decrease of egg weight, a decrease in egg production and an increase of mortality rate in challenged he... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589714 Tue, 01 Dec 1998 05:00:00 +0100 1589714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589713&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18484046%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu ZQ, Yang QW, Fu C, Zhao XY, Ignjatovic J Eight strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were isolated between 1986 and 1995 from broilers and layers at eight different farms in four provinces in China. The viruses were isolated from flocks which suffered from either respiratory disease or nephritis and the majority had not been vaccinated against IBV. Six strains were shown by monoclonal antibodies to differ from H120, Connecticut and Arkansas 99 strains of IBV and also to differ from each other. Four of these strains were serotyped; one (NRZ) was of the Massachusetts serotype, three (HV, NB-90 and TJ) shared a degree of antigenic similarity and were of a serotype that differed from Massachusetts and Connecticut. NB-90 was similar to both Gray and T strains whereas TJ s... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589713 Tue, 01 Dec 1998 05:00:00 +0100 1589713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589712&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18484047%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barrow PA, Lovell MA, Szmolleny G, Murphy CK Chickens which had been experimentally-infected with a strain of Salmonella ententidis and treated by administration of enrofloxacin at commercially recommended concentrations in the drinking water, virtually eliminated this organism from the alimentary tract. However, an initially quinolone-sensitive Escherichia coli flora present in the birds' faeces was rapidly replaced by a quinolone-resistant flora which persisted after withdrawal of the medication. Resistance to quinolone in the form of nalidixic acid was transducible from a strain of S. typhimurium to S. enterinais with bacteriophage P22. PMID: 18484047 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Avian Pathology) Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589712 Tue, 01 Dec 1998 05:00:00 +0100 1589712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589711&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18484048%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zanella A, Martino PA, Pratelli A, Stonfer M The results of in vitro tests for induction of antibiotic resistance in some strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum are reported. The number of passages required to induce resistance varied considerably between different antibiotics. In two groups of tests, with different strains of M. gallisepticum, resistance (>/= 1 mg/ml) to streptomycin appeared after two to three passages, to erythromycin and spiramycin after five to eight passages, to tylosin after nine to eleven and to enrofloxacin after eight to ten passages. With chlortetracycline the increase in resistance was very low (no more than ten times the starting minimal inhibitory concentration). Cross-sensitivity tests using strains with induced resistance to the different antib... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589711 Tue, 01 Dec 1998 05:00:00 +0100 1589711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589710&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18484049%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buys N, Dewil E, Gonzales E, Decuypere E Embryos from ascites sensitive (AS) and resistant lines (AR) were subjected during the third week of incubation to a high CO2 (0.4%) (HC) or normal CO2 level of 0.2% (NC) in the incubators. The effect on embryonic and hatching parameters and growth, ascites sensitivity and related physiological parameters was followed. At NC conditions AR embryos hatch earlier than AS ones but this difference completely disappeared under HC condition, since hatching time of the AS line was reduced. Moreover, AS embryos showed slightly lower T4 and T3 levels than AR embryos. Embryos of both lines incubated at HC had higher plasma T3 concentrations than those incubated at NC. Chickens that had been incubated at HC level showed less ascites mortality than ... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589710 Tue, 01 Dec 1998 05:00:00 +0100 1589710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589709&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18484050%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thebo P, Lunden A, Uggla A, Hooshmand-Rad P The aim of the study, conducted during the period 1992 to 1996, was to identify the Eimeria species present in Swedish chickens. All samples, including litter, faeces and guts from dead birds submitted for coccidial diagnosis, were obtained from farms where no live coccidiosis vaccines had ever been used. Identification of the different species was based on the criteria of oocyst morphology, location and characteristics of intestinal lesions, morphology of parasite endogenous stages, prepaient time and isoenzyme electrophoresis profiles of glucose phosphate isomerase. All seven Eimeria species of the domestic fowl were identified, namely E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mitis, E. necatrix, E. praecox and E. tenella. Furtherm... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589709 Tue, 01 Dec 1998 05:00:00 +0100 1589709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1589708&cid=s_37573_32_f&fid=37573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18484051%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen X, Song C, Gong Y, Blackall PJ Further information is reported on the use of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for the diagnosis of infectious coryza in China. The majority of sinus swabs taken from artificially infected chickens and stored in glycerol-enriched phosphate-buffered saline were still positive by PCR after storage for 180 days at either 4 degrees C or - 20 degrees C. Storage of swabs in either saline or nutrient broth was not as effective. Traditional culture failed to detect H. paragallinarum after storage for 3 days, regardless of storage medium or storage temperature. With dry swabs, the PCR could detect H. paragallinarum after storage for 7 days or longer at either 4 degrees C or - 20 degrees C, while traditional culture could not. In PCR tests on 64... Avian Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1589708 Tue, 01 Dec 1998 05:00:00 +0100 1589708