MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'BMC Immunology' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 06:42:46 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5646576&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F13%2F6 Conclusions: These results demonstrate that transfer of IL-4Ralpha+ macrophages is sufficient to enhance TH2-driven allergic inflammation. They further show that stimulation of macrophages through IL-4Ralpha leads to their alternative activation and positive contribution to the TH2-driven allergic inflammatory response in the lung. Since an increase in AAM and their products has been observed in patients with asthma exacerbations, these results suggest that AAM may be targeted to alleviate exacerbations. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5646576 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5646576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5637788&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F13%2F5 Conclusions: Our work has confirmed that IPTi-SP does not negatively affect the development of cellular immune response during early childhood. This study has also provided new insights as to how these cytokine responses are acquired upon age and exposure to P. falciparum, as well as their associations with malaria susceptibility.Trial RegistrationRegistry's URL, http://clinicaltrials.gov; trial registration number, NCT00209795. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5637788 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5637788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5596652&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F13%2F3 RetractionThe authors would like to retract the article "The absence of MyD88 has no effect on the induction of alternatively activated macrophage during Fasciola hepatica infection" published in BMC Immunology (2011, 12:63). The text and figures in this article [1] have been misappropriated from a different set of experiments using a different parasite, conducted in the laboratory of Prof J Allen and presented in the thesis of K Mylonas. Lead author Dr HongLin Luo accepts full responsibility for this and would like to apologise to colleagues in the lab, the co-authors, Editors and readers. The other authors take no responsibility for the misappropriation. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5596652 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5596652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5596651&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F13%2F4 Conclusion: Micrurus venoms can activate the complement system, generating a significant amount of anaphylatoxins, which may assist due to their vasodilatory effects, to enhance the spreading of other venom components during the envenomation process. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5596651 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5596651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5580459&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F13%2F2 Conclusions: SCH 546738 is a novel, potent and non-competitive small molecule CXCR3 antagonist. It is efficacious in multiple preclinical disease models. These results demonstrate that therapy with CXCR3 antagonists may serve as a new strategy for treatment of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, and to prevent transplant rejection. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5580459 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5580459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5571714&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F13%2F1 Conclusions: These findings concur with the notion that sleep is a supportive influence in the very early stage of an adaptive immune response to a viral antigen. However, our results do not support the view that acute sleep deprivation has lasting effects on the human antibody titer response to influenza vaccination. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5571714 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5571714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5551759&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F70 Conclusion: Suppressed expression in fluid hemocytes and enhanced expression in gill indicates selectively enhanced expression at the bacterial clearance site. This is a novel feature for PPAE expression. The results will contribute to our understanding of the PO activating system in crustaceans. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5551759 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5551759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5551758&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F71 Conclusion: Our findings suggest that different immunopathogenetic pathways underlie chronic intestinal inflammation with different clinical expressions. The presence of small B lymphocytes resembling B-1 cells also seemed to be associated with less incidence of Crohn's disease. It can therefore be inferred that the gut contains an alternative population of B cells that have a regulatory function. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5551758 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5551758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5551757&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F72 Conclusion: These data indicated that fusion proteins containing GM-CSF coupled to myelin auto-antigens elicit tolerance rather than immunity. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5551757 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5551757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5551760&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F69 Conclusion: The higher expression of the four target genes in gills and skin of sea bass suggests that this AMPP represents a first and immediate line of defense in combating pathogens and stressors since these tissues constitute the first physiological barriers of the animal. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5551760 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5551760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5523697&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F68 Conclusions: Our results suggest that the function of EFNB1 in the T cell compartment could be compensated by other members of the EFN family, and that such redundancy safeguards the pivotal roles of EFNB1 in T cell development and function. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5523697 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5523697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504091&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F67 Conclusion: Present findings suggest a role for the OX40L-derived immune response and epistatic genetic effect in immune-mediated pathogenesis of PAH. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504091 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5431025&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F66 Conclusions: These data support the concept that VIP influences the endogenous oxidant/antioxidant balance. One potential implication is that VIP and its analogues may be used to treat inflammatory diseases, including asthma. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5431025 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5431025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421197&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F65 Conclusion: High expression of cytokines activating T-lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages in the early phase of disease supports the hypothesis of an immune-mediated pathogenesis. In the late phase of disease, immunosuppressive TGF-beta1 level increase significantly. We suggest that delayed induction of a protective immune mechanism to downregulate a massive early pro-inflammatory immune response might contribute to the pathologies characteristic of human hantavirus infection. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421197 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5421197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5399757&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F64 Conclusions: NSAID strongly supress leukocyte migration. The results of the present study may have important clinical implications since blockade of leukocyte migration can be achieved after topical application of NSAID. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5399757 Sat, 12 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5399757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5399758&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F63 Conclusions: The absence of MyD88 has no effect on presence of AAMphi 6 weeks post F. hepatica infection. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5399758 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5399758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5382854&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F62 Conclusion: We conclude that the CD300a/c receptors are differentially expressed on human TH1 and TH17 cells and that their ligation is capable of modulating TCR mediated signals. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5382854 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5382854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5346517&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F61 Conclusion: Although all adjuvants tested impacted cytokine/chemokine milieu in favor of Th1/ Th2 balance, the phytol compounds fared better in reducing the onset of autoimmune syndromes. However, SIS is least inflammatory among the adjuvants evaluated. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5346517 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5346517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334698&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F60 Conclusions: These results establish that transfer of in vivo primed CD4+ T cells can induce allergic lung inflammation. Furthermore, while IL-4/IL-13 signaling through IL-4Ralpha and STAT6 is essential for AAM protein expression, lung inflammation and eosinophilia are only partially dependent on this pathway. Further studies are required to identify other proteins and signaling pathways involved in airway inflammation. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334698 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334699&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F59 Conclusion: Collectively these data reveal a pathophysiological relevance for endogenous AnxA1 in lung inflammation and, more importantly, fibrosis, and may open new insights for the pharmacological treatment of lung fibrosis. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334699 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5323419&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F58 Conclusions: Based on the differences in mortality rates between experiments and gene expression profiles of individual embryos we conclude that zebrafish embryos cannot be reproducibly infected by exposure to E. tarda in the immersion system. Induction of il1b and mmp9 was consistently observed in embryos that had been systemically infected by intravenous injection, while the early transcriptional induction of cyp1a and irg1l in the immersion system may reflect an epithelial or other tissue response towards cell membrane or other molecules that are shed or released by bacteria. Our microarray expression data provide a useful reference for future analysis of signal transduction pathways underlying the systemic innate immune response versus those underlying responses to external bacteria an... BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5323419 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5323419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296271&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F57 Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) lacking DC-STAMP, a multi-membrane spanning protein preferentially expressed by these cells, secrete less cytokines and show impaired T cell activation potential and induction of Th1 responses in response to lipopolysaccharide maturation. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296271 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5284658&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F56 Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that RAGE and ICAM-1 differentially regulate leukocyte adhesion in vivo in a stimulus-dependent manner. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5284658 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5284658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5272847&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F55 Acute and prolonged alcohol use has a profound inhibitory effect on Type I Interferon (IFN) induction regardless of intracellular or cell surface-derived danger signals and impairs Type I IFN responses to viral or bacterial pathogen-derived signals. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5272847 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5272847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5259762&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F54 Conclusions: In summary, our data suggest that both FOXP3 and Siva function as negative regulators of IL-2 gene expression in Treg cells, via suppression of NFAT by FOXP3 and of NFkappaB by both FOXP3 and Siva. Our work contributes evidence for Siva's role as a T cell signalling mediator in addition to its known pro-apoptotic function. Though further investigations are needed, evidence for the biophysical interaction between FOXP3 and Siva invites the possibility that Siva may be important for proper Treg cell function. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5259762 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5259762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5223997&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F53 PD-1 signaling restrains the B-cell helping function and proliferation of a PD-1-expressing, germinal center-localized, T cell subset by preventing excessive antibody response, supporting the role of PD-1 in promoting tolerance in humoral immunity. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5223997 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5223997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182964&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F52 Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that Com1-pulsed HMDCs are able to induce efficient T-cell proliferation and drive T cells toward Th1 and Tc1 polarization; however, HspB-pulsed HMDCs are unable to do so. Unlike HspB, Com1 is a protective antigen, which was demonstrated by the adoptive transfer of Com1-pulsed bone marrow dendritic cells into naive BALB/c mice. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182964 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182965&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F51 Conclusions: Therefore, CP690,550-mediated modification of the JAK/STAT pathway may be a new immunosuppressive strategy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182965 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5160545&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F49 Conclusion: VO-SciMiner can be used to improve the efficiency for PubMed searching in the vaccine domain. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5160545 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5160545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5142815&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F47 Conclusions: Our findings suggest that intra-hepatic IL-17+ T cells play an important role in the development of chronic HBV and that the imbalance between IL-17+ and Foxp3+ T cells in the liver may lead to progression of the disease but the mechanism should be further explored. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5142815 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5142815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5142814&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F48 The Immunome Database for Marsupials and Monotremes is a comprehensive simple-to-use database of all known marsupial and monotreme immune genes which provides a catalogue of available genomic and transcriptomic datasets and a tool for evolutionary analyses into mammalian immunity. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5142814 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5142814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5119404&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F45 ${item.shortDescription} (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5119404 Wed, 10 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5119404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5119403&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F46 Heat-killed Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) administered nasally to mice can effectively enhance the protective effect of pneumococcal antigen immunization, suggesting that dead microorganisms could be important as adjuvants of other vaccines in immunocompromised hosts. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5119403 Wed, 10 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5119403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5108549&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F44 ${item.shortDescription} (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5108549 Sun, 07 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5108549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5095942&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F43 ${item.shortDescription} (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5095942 Wed, 03 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5095942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086698&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F42 Epithelial integrin-linked kinase (ILK) plays a pro-inflammatory role in intestinal inflammation through effects on chemokine expression, the extracellular matrix and immune tolerance, indicating modulation of ILK signaling may have an impact on human inflammatory bowel disease. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086698 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5086698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052036&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F41 ${item.shortDescription} (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052036 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5052036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052037&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F40 ${item.shortDescription} (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052037 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5052037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5029667&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F39 Conclusions: We assessed MHC class I transcription and expression in human and macaque leukocyte subsets. Until now, it has been difficult to examine MHC class I allele expression due to the similarity of MHC class I sequences. Using two novel techniques we showed that expression varies among distinct leukocyte subsets of macaques but does not vary dramatically in the human cell subsets we examined. These findings suggest pathogen tropism may have a profound impact on the shape and focus of the MHC class I restricted CD8+ T cell response in macaques. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5029667 Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5029667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5019696&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F38 Conclusions: Taken together, these data demonstrate that human T cells can be sensitised towards MDPs and hence, there is no absolute immunological tolerance. However, our data also hint towards rather low endogenous tumor cell processing and presentation of MDPs in the context of HLA-A2.1 molecules. Consequently, we conclude that MDR and MRP proteins must be considered as weak tumor specific antigens - at least for colorectal carcinoma. Their direct contribution to therapy-failure implies however, that it is worth to further pursue this approach. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5019696 Sat, 09 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5019696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009210&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F37 Conclusions: These results demonstrate that in resident macrophages SR-A expression and function can be dynamically regulated by changes in the macrophage microenvironment that are typical of inflammatory processes. In particular, our results indicate a previously unrecognized role for ligand binding to SR-A in up-regulating SR-A expression and activating p38 MAPK. In this way, SR-A may modulate inflammatory responses by enhancing macrophage uptake of modified protein/lipid, bacteria, and cell debris; and by regulating the production of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and proteolytic enzymes. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009210 Wed, 06 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5009210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903328&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F35 Conclusions: Altogether these data indicate that in order to design DC-based vaccines or treatments focused on changing the phenotype of DCs associated with diseases such as cancer or atherosclerosis, it becomes necessary to fully investigate the microenvironment in which these cells are present or will be delivered. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903328 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4903328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4884286&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F34 Conclusion: The present results suggest that a low ratio of specific IgE to total IgE levels (in a minority of individuals), and differences in -BtE IgE avidities (which would have high affinities for A. lumbricoides antigens in SPT- than in SPT+ individuals) may play a role in the down-modulation of type-I hypersensitivity reaction against aeroallergens described in helminth-infected individuals. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4884286 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4884286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4872819&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F33 Conclusions: Standardized tools for analyzing, archiving and sharing assay results can improve the reproducibility, comparability and reliability of results obtained across many labs. LabKey Server and its NAb tool are freely available as open source software at http://www.labkey.com under the Apache 2.0 license. Many members of the HIV research community can also access the LabKey Server NAb tool without installing the software by using the Atlas Science Portal (https://atlas.scharp.org). Atlas is an installation of LabKey Server. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4872819 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4872819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4863347&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F31 Conclusion: The presence of PS-G in an allergen pulse promoted allergic MD-DCs to produce IL-12 p70, IL-12 p40, IL-6, IL23, and IL-10, and exerted an effect on shifting the immune balance towards Th1 in children with allergic asthma. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4863347 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4863347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4863346&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F32 Conclusions: We conclude that Shc blockade in LPS-primed DC leads to the development of tolerogenic DC via Src-dependent STAT3 activation and that adaptor protein Shc might play a pivotal role in mediating immunogenic and tolerogenic properties of DCs. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4863346 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4863346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4842308&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F30 Conclusions: This study clearly shows that neuroimmune semaphorins Sema4A and Sema4D and their receptors might serve as potential markers for the allergic airway inflammatory diseases. Our current findings pave the way for further investigations of the role of immune semaphorins in inflammation and their use as potential therapeutic targets for the inflammatory lung conditions. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4842308 Wed, 18 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4842308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4842309&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F29 Conclusions: Our overall results show that Lipoplex(O) is a potent adjuvant and that complexes of peptide and Lipoplex(O) are extremely useful for B cell epitope screening and antibody production without carriers. Therefore, our strategy may be promptly used for the development of therapeutic antibodies by rapid screening of potent B cell epitopes. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4842309 Tue, 17 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4842309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4842310&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F28 Conclusions: We conclude that nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway can rapidly down-modulate the affinity state of the VLA-4 binding pocket, especially under the condition of sustained Galphai-coupled GPCR signaling, generated by a non-desensitizing receptor mutant. This suggests a fundamental role of this pathway in de-activation of integrin-dependent cell adhesion. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4842310 Mon, 16 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4842310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4789936&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F27 Conclusions: Our data thus indicate that efficient induction of CD25- iTreg requires highly antigenic peptide epitopes. This finding suggests that highly antigenic epitopes should be used for efficient induction of CD25- iTreg for clinical applications such as flea allergic dermatitis. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4789936 Wed, 04 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4789936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4763208&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F26 Conclusion: These results show that DX5+NKT cells are a heterogeneous population, depending on the dedicated organ and mouse strain, that has diverse functional capacity. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4763208 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4763208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4709564&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F25 Conclusions: The closely-correlated increase of Foxp3 and IL-23/IL-17 pathway activity in HBV-infected livers suggests that the proinflammatory IL-23/IL-17 pathway had not been effectively suppressed by the host immune machinery, such as Treg (Foxp3) cells. Constitutive activation of the IL-23/17 pathway, thus, may support the chronic hepatitis B state. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4709564 Wed, 13 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4709564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4653908&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F24 Background: Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are ubiquitously synthesised in virtually all species and it is hypothesised that they might have beneficial health effects. Recent studies have identified circulating Hsp as an important mediator in inflammation - the effects of low-grade inflammation in the aging process are overwhelming. While much is known about intracellular Hsp70, scant data exist on circulating Hsp70 in the aging context. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of age and disease on circulating Hsp70 and, in particular, to evaluate the association between circulating Hsp70 and inflammatory parameters. Results: Serum Hsp70, Interleukin (IL) -10, IL-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) alpha concentrations were determined in 90 hospitalised geriatric pa... BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4653908 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4653908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4627387&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F23 Conclusions: These findings indicate that both synthetic and natural TLR2 agonists affect DCs, Teff cells and Treg directly, resulting in multi-modal modulation of Treg-mediated suppression of Teff cells. Moreover, Treg-mediated suppression of Teff cell proliferation is functionally distinct from suppression of cytokine secretion. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4627387 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4627387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4606467&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F21 Conclusions: CTLA4 is expressed by DCs and plays an inhibitory role. CTLA4-expressing DCs may represent a group of regulatory DCs. Because of its wide distribution on different cell types, CTLA4 may play a general role in regulating immune responses. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4606467 Fri, 18 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4606467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4601142&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F20 Conclusion: Our present data indicate a dual role of NO among resistant and susceptible mouse strains after B. pseudomallei infection. NO mediated mechanisms are an essential component to control the infection in susceptible BALB/c mice. In contrast, NO production in B. pseudomallei infected C57BL/6 mice rather harmed the host likely due to its detrimental effects. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4601142 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4601142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4561176&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F19 Conclusion: Increased oxidative stress and blood glucose levels with extended duration of disease in complicated T1D could be responsible for the gradual formation and/or exposing cryptic epitopes on GAD65 that induce increased production of ROS-GAD65Abs. Hence regulation of ROS-GAD65Abs could offer novel tools for analysing and possibly treating T1D complications. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4561176 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4561176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4528089&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F18 Conclusions: Taken together, our data indicate a novel function for TLR4 as a molecule capable of altering homeostasis of the pancreatic beta-cells. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4528089 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4528089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4490382&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F17 Conclusions: Currently, and unfortunately, it remains difficult to explain the development or growth of T-cells described by Clark et al., but for the fate of patients suffering from lymphopenia it is essential to both reproduce and understand how these co-cultures really "work". Fortunately, alternative procedures to speed-up T-cell reconstitution are being established and validated and may become available for patients in the near future. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4490382 Fri, 18 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4490382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4483866&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F16 Conclusions: Our results suggest that the 3CLpro may suppress expression of GM-CSF in transfected A549 cells through down-regulation of NF-kB production. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4483866 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4483866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4455908&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F15 Conclusions: Our study suggests that extracellular and intracellular dsRNA signaling pathways may utilize different NF-kB members, and particularly the differential utilization of RELB may be a key mechanism for powerful inductions of NF-kB regulated genes in the intracellular dsRNA signaling pathway. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4455908 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4455908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4433354&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F14 Conclusions: We conclude that 129S5 mice have increased susceptibility to anaphylaxis as compared to BALB/c strain and their increased susceptibility was associated with altered mast cell proliferation and homeostatic tissue levels and responsiveness to histamine. Given the wide spread usage of the 129SvEvBrd strain of mice in experimental gene targeting methodology, these data have important implications for studying IgE-reactions in mouse systems. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4433354 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4433354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4411974&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F13 Conclusions: Based on the results described above, BAE, or biologically active molecules purified from it, should be further investigated as a possible adjuvant, in association or not with aluminium compounds, for the preferential induction of Th1-dependent immune responses against different antigens in distinct murine strains and animal species. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4411974 Sat, 29 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4411974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400376&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F12 Conclusions: The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies mediate both inflammation and apoptosis during OM. TNF appears to be critical for the maintenance of mucosal architecture in both the normal and infected ME, since excessive accumulation of mucosal tissue is seen TNFA-/- MEs both before and after bacterial inoculation of the ME. TNFA is also required for appropriate regulation of caspase genes. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400376 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400377&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F11 Conclusions: Ketamine inhibits TNF secretion by MRSA-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and the mechanism likely involves NMDA receptor antagonism. These findings may have therapeutic significance in MRSA sepsis. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400377 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394324&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F10 Conclusion: These results demonstrate that BJcuL can be implicated in a wide variety of immunological functions including first-line defense against pathogens, cell trafficking and induction of the innate immune response since lectin was capable of inducing potent neutrophil activation. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394324 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4394324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4389569&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F9 Conclusions: Our data suggest that ODL amplifies bacterial signals dramatically by self-feedback cytokine-chemokine signal-receptor cycling, and signal convergence through IL1R1 and possibly others, to increase defensive capacity including antimicrobial peptide production to protect the tooth and contain the battle against carious bacteria within the dentin. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4389569 Mon, 24 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4389569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4378305&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F6 Conclusions: Virus-specific immune cells persist in the CNS of mice after WNV infection for up to 16 wpi. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4378305 Thu, 20 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4378305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4378304&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F7 Conclusions: These results showed that the NZM2410 susceptibility loci induce MZB cells to locate into the follicles, and that this breach of follicular exclusion occurs early in the development of the autoimmune pathogenesis. The enhanced responses to stimulation and increased effector functions of MZB cells from lupus-prone mice as compare to non-autoimmune MZB cells provide a mechanism by which the failure of MZB cell follicular exclusion. contributes to the autoimmune process. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4378304 Thu, 20 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4378304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362013&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F5 Conclusion: The pool of diverse SAg isoforms, generated by de novo somatic mutation, may play a role in the shaping of the peripheral T cell repertoire including the autoimmune T cell population. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362013 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4362013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4356075&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F4 Conclusions: D2- and D3- but not D1-AFP extensively suppresses the MDDC function. All the recombinant AFP proteins impaired the ability of MDDC to secrete IL-12. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4356075 Mon, 17 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4356075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4331835&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F3 Conclusion: Our results indicate that Shb appears to play an important modulating role on TCR signaling, thus augmenting the peripheral CD4+ TH2 cell response. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4331835 Tue, 11 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4331835 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4310084&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F2 Conclusions: The clinically approved compound OK432 has interesting properties that warrants its use in DC immunotherapy and should be considered as a potential immunomodulating agent in cancer immunotherapy. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4310084 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4310084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4302343&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F12%2F1 Conclusion: All these data suggest that MBL could affect the functions of DCs by modifying LPS-induced cellular responses. This study supports an important role for MBL in the regulation of adaptive immune responses and inflammatory responses. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4302343 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4302343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4300779&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F65 Background: The spike protein (S) of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV) is known to produce neutralizing antibodies and to prevent the infection caused by SARS-CoV. Polyethylenimine 25K (PEI) is a cationic polymer which effectively delivers the plasmid DNA. Results: In the present study, the immune responses of BALB/c mice immunized via intranasal (i.n.) route with SARS DNA vaccine (pci-S) in a PEI/pci-S complex form have been examined. The size of the PEI/pci-S nanoparticles appeared to be around 194.7+/-99.3nm, and the expression of the S mRNA and protein was confirmed in vitro. The mice immunized with i.n. PEI/pci-S nanoparticles produced significantly (P (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4300779 Fri, 31 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4300779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4281822&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F63 Conclusion: Bifidobacterium animalis AHC7 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect via the attenuation of pro-inflammatory transcription factor activation in response to an infectious insult associated with modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production within the mucosa. The cellular mechanism underpinning Bifidobacterium animalis AHC7 mediated attenuation of NF-kappaB activation may include recognition of the bacterium by dendritic cells and induction of CD25+Foxp3+ T cells. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4281822 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4281822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4266645&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F62 Conclusions: These results suggest that iloprost has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects, reducing TNF alpha production by T cells and the number of T regulatory cells and increasing IL-2 and RANKL. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4266645 Wed, 15 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4266645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4253061&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F61 Conclusions: Our findings suggest that immune regulation is different in colonic and ileal disease, which might have important consequences for therapeutic intervention. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4253061 Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4253061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4225099&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F58 Conclusion: Hypercholesterolemia leads to unopposed activation of Th1 immune responses in lymph nodes draining atherosclerotic lesions, whereas Th1 activation in the spleen is balanced by a concomitant activation of Th2 cells. The activation of CD8+ T cells implies that hypercholesterolemia is associated with formation of cell autoantigens. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4225099 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4225099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4225098&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F59 Conclusions: According to our findings, preeclampsia was associated with an overall pro-inflammatory systemic environment. Elevated amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules in the maternal circulation might play a central role in the excessive systemic inflammatory response, as well as in the generalized endothelial dysfunction characteristics of the maternal syndrome of preeclampsia. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4225098 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4225098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4191145&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F57 Conclusions: We suggest that phosphorylation of Smad1/5 is important for the anti-proliferative effect of TGF-beta in B-cell lymphoma. Alk-5 was highly expressed in the sensitive cell lines, and might be important for signalling through Smad1/5. Our results indicate a role for p38 MAPK in the regulation of TGF-beta-induced anti-proliferative effect. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4191145 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4191145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4167888&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F56 Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that, like eggs, schistosome worms also induce functional type 2 responses and that a parasite cysteine protease is an inducer of type 2 responses during the early stages of schistosome infection. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4167888 Mon, 15 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4167888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4159725&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F55 Conclusions: This method is powerful in that it is applicable to multiple autoimmunity model types, streamlines ex vivo readouts in a high-throughput manner, and allows multiplexing providing the investigator with an array of options and possible analytes when developing preclinical animal models to support drug discovery efforts in the search for new treatments for rheumatic diseases. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4159725 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4159725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4135056&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F54 Conclusions: Adoptively transferred CD8+ CD62Llow T cells are the principal mediators of tumor regression, and host T cells are not required. These cells infiltrate 4T1 tumors, track preferentially to tumor draining lymph nodes, have an activated phenotype, and proliferate in vivo. Cyclophosphamide pre-treatment augments the anti-tumor effect by increasing the proliferation of interferon-gamma producing cells in the adoptive host. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4135056 Thu, 04 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4135056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4109199&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F53 Conclusion: Our data indicate that proteases mediating PAR1 and PAR2 activation differentially signal via MAP kinase cascades. In addition, the production of chemokines induced by PAR1 and PAR2 is suppressed by PI3K/Akt, thus keeping the innate immune responses of HOK in balance. The results of our study provide a novel insight into signaling pathways involved in PAR activation. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4109199 Wed, 27 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4109199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4075363&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F51 This study exploits an ovine microarray biased towards immune genes, an artificially induced immunity model and the use of pseudo-afferent lymphatic cannulation to sample immune cells draining from the intestine, to investigate possible mechanisms involved in the development of immunity. Results: During the development of immunity to, and a subsequent challenge infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, the transcript levels of 2603 genes of cells trafficking in afferent intestinal lymph were significantly modulated (P (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4075363 Sat, 16 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4075363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4056407&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F49 Conclusions: We conclude that NK cells are crucial for the efficacy of Icon immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. The results also suggest that impaired NK level/activity could contribute to the resistance to therapeutic antibodies that are currently under investigation in preclinical and clinical studies. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4056407 Mon, 11 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4056407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4056406&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F50 Conclusions: We conclude that MIF regulates V. vulnificus-induced IL-6 production via NF-kappaB activation and that p38 MAPK activation in V. vulnificus infection is not MIF dependent. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4056406 Mon, 11 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4056406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4032172&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F48 Conclusions: For the first time, multigenic assessment of associations between candidate SNPs and rubella antibody levels identified a broad number of genetic associations that would not have been deemed important univariately. It is important to consider approaches like those applied here in order to better understand the full genetic complexity of response to vaccination. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4032172 Mon, 04 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4032172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3984077&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F47 Conclusions: This study described immune cell profiles and highlighted bystander T cell activation in response to dengue viral antigens of healthy people in an endemic area. Further studies on bystander T cell activation in dengue viral infection may reveal the immune mechanisms that protect or enhance pathogenesis of secondary dengue infection. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3984077 Sun, 19 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3984077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3973935&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F46 Conclusions: These results demonstrated the ability of serum lipids to attenuate proinflammatory activity of bacterial lipoproteins and suggested that serum lipoproteins interact with acyl chains of the lipid part of bacterial lipoproteins to render it biologically inactive. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3973935 Wed, 15 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3973935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3962589&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F45 Conclusions: In this study we demonstrated that tumor vaccine composed of C-class CpG ODNs and irradiated tumor cells followed by two additional injections of CpG ODNs induces a long-term immunity against aggressive B16F1 tumors. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3962589 Sun, 12 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3962589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3943882&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F44 CONCLUSION: moderate actin polymerization and depolymerization both increase the FMLP and PMA-stimulated NADPH oxidase activity of microglia, which is directly correlated with neither actin recovery rate nor F/G- actin ratio. Our results indicate that NADPH oxidase functions in an enhanced state of activity in stimulated phagocytes despite widely different states of the actin cytoskeleton. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3943882 Tue, 07 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3943882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3886392&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F43 Conclusions: Taken together these data suggest that recombinant human C2 can restore classical complement pathway activity and may serve as a potential therapeutic for recurring bacterial infections or SLE in C2-deficient patients. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3886392 Thu, 19 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3886392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3873544&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F42 Conclusions: These findings suggest a molecular basis for how the RN functions as a pathway for lymphocyte migration within the lymph node. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3873544 Mon, 16 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3873544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3814077&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F41 Conclusions: The new filtering strategy emphasizes the importance of consistent and reproducible results when analyzing microarray data and utilizes consistency between replicate experiments as a criterion in both feature selection and clustering, without averaging or otherwise combining replicate data. Observation of a significant down-regulation program during DC maturation indicates that DC are preparing for cell death and provides a path to better understand the process. This new filtering strategy can be adapted for use in analyzing other large-scale time course data sets with replicates. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3814077 Mon, 02 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3814077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3754889&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F40 Conclusion: The number of Tregs in the recipient's blood may not be a good predictor of transplant rejection. Foxp3+Tregs inhibit the activity of Teff cells mainly in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3754889 Wed, 14 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3754889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3751282&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F39 Conclusions: Our results suggest that colonic inflammation in Il10-/- mice inoculated with solutions containing Enterococcus strains is associated with gene expression changes similar to those of human IBD, specifically CD, and that with the EF.CIF inoculum in particular this is an appropriate model to investigate food-gene interactions relevant to human CD. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3751282 Wed, 14 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3751282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3738330&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F37 Conclusion: The results suggest that cytokines, chemokines and beta-defensins are involved in interaction of these two cell types, and the responses are bacteria-specific. Differential and coordinated regulation between GECs and DCs may be important in regulation of innate immune homeostasis and response to pathogens in the oral cavity. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3738330 Thu, 08 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3738330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3738329&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F38 Conclusions: We conclude that the effect of intensive AML chemotherapy differ between circulating T cell subsets, relative frequencies of TH17 cells are not affected by chemotherapy and this subset may affect AML cells indirectly through their immunoregulatory effects but probably not through direct effects of IL17-A. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3738329 Thu, 08 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3738329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3730825&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F35 Background: The vaccine efficacy reported following Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) administration to UK adolescents is 77% and defining the cellular immune response in this group can inform us as to the nature of effective immunity against tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to identify which cytokines and lymphocyte populations characterise the peripheral blood cellular immune response following BCG vaccination. Results: Diluted blood from before and after vaccination was stimulated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative for 6 days, after which soluble biomarkers in supernatants were assayed by multiplex bead array. Ten out of twenty biomarkers measured were significantly increased (p (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3730825 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3730825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3730824&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F36 Conclusion: These results demonstrate that Hcbetatre-based immunogens are highly immunogenic, especially when genetically fused to Ad2F, and Ad2F can be exploited as a vaccine delivery platform to the mucosa. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3730824 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3730824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3711537&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F33 Conclusion: Our results suggest that resistin induces expansion of functional Tregs only when co-cultured with DCs. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3711537 Tue, 29 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3711537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3711536&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F34 Conclusion: This is the first observation to attribute a spatiotemporally restricted antigen-presenting function to a subset of three-week old pure BMMC expressing both high levels of surface FceRI and surface MHC II. We propose that mast cells play an important role in immune deviating and/or sustaining the activation of infiltrating CD4 T-cells, and modulating T-cell mediated allergic inflammation via its flexibility to present antigens and antigen-IgE complexes. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3711536 Tue, 29 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3711536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3692109&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F32 Conclusions: In response to mast cell depletion of the peritoneal cavity, a mast cell progenitor is released into the circulation and participates in repopulation of the peritoneal cavity, while the committed mast cell precursor is retained in the bone marrow. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3692109 Wed, 23 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3692109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3684654&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F31 Conclusions: The duplex real-time RT PCR assays provide a powerful approach for the quantification of cytokine transcription in hamsters, and their application to a model of cutaneous leishmaniasis suggests that a balanced type 1 and type 2 cytokine response contributes to the chronic, nonprogressive course of disease. These new molecular tools will further facilitate investigation into the mechanisms of disease in the hamster, not only for models of leishmaniasis, but also for other viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3684654 Mon, 21 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3684654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3680666&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F30 Conclusions: Our study demonstrates dynamic changes of circulating monocytes during ageing in humans. The expansion of the non-classical CD14+CD16+ subtype, alterations of surface protein and chemokine receptor expression as well as circulating monocyte-related chemokines possibly contribute to the preserved functionality of the monocyte pool throughout adulthood. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3680666 Sun, 20 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3680666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3667334&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F29 Conclusions: Altogether, our results suggest that YopH can inhibit an early pro-inflammatory response in the lungs of mice and that this is an important step in the pathogenesis of infection. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3667334 Tue, 15 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3667334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3649536&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F28 Conclusion: The protective effect against collagen-induced arthritis provided by Schistosoma japonicum infection is infection stage-dependent. Furthermore, the ability of schistosomiasis to negatively regulate the onset of collagen-induced arthritis is associated with a dominant as well as long-lasting Th2 response at the initiation and development of autoimmune joint and systemic inflammation. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3649536 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3649536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3634080&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F27 Conclusions: Our data shows that in the HPV16 TC-1 tumor mouse model, IL-10 produced by tumor macrophages induce regulatory phenotype on T cells, an immune escape mechanism that facilitates tumor growth. Our results point to a possible mechanism behind the epidemiologic data that correlates higher IL-10 expression with risk of cervical cancer development in HPV infected women. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3634080 Sun, 06 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3634080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3600520&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F25 Conclusion: The cDNA and genomic sequences of CXCR5 have been successfully characterized in a teleost fish, the grass carp. The CXCR5 has in general a constitutive expression in organs/tissues examined, whereas its expression was significantly up-regulated in immune organs and down-regulated in brain, indicating its potential role in immune response and central nervous system. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3600520 Tue, 25 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3600520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3582493&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F24 Conclusions: We demonstrated in two independent murine models of type I hypersensitivity that beta-escin has potent anti-allergic properties. These results and the excellent safety profile of beta-escin suggest a therapeutic potential of this compound for a novel treatment of allergic diseases. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3582493 Thu, 20 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3582493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3570562&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F23 DiscussionSince primary HIV-1 infections are caused almost exclusively by the CCR5-tropic HIV-1 strains, our results suggest that prior immunization with vaccinia virus might provide an individual with some degree of protection to subsequent HIV infection and/or progression. The duration of such protection remains to be determined. A differential elaboration of MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and RANTES between vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects, following infection, does not appear to be a mechanism in the noted protection. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3570562 Mon, 17 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3570562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3535130&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F22 Conclusions: In vertebrates, the ten well-characterized IRF family members shared a relatively high degree of similarity in genomic structure and syntenic gene arrangement, implying that they might have been evolved in a similar pattern and with similar selective pressure in different classes of vertebrates. Genome and/or gene duplication, and probably gene shuffling or gene loss might have occurred during the evolution of these IRF family members, but arrangement of chromosome or its segment might have taken place in zebrafish. However, the ten IRF family members in vertebrates and those IRF-like genes in non-vertebrate deuterostomes were quite different in those analyzed characters, as they might have undergone different patterns of evolution. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3535130 Tue, 04 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3535130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3527342&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F21 Conclusions: Gene expression levels in LPS-stimulated monocytes based on RT-qPCR results differ significantly when normalized to a single gene or a combination of stably expressed reference genes. Proper evaluation of reference gene stabiliy is therefore mandatory before reporting RT-qPCR results in LPS-stimulated monocytes. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3527342 Mon, 03 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3527342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3483549&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F20 Conclusions: Differential production of IL-10 following EE treatment in ERKO and GPR30KO animals may be responsible for the distinctly different effects on disease severity. Increased IL-10 in ERKO-EE compared to ERKO-Controls is likely to be an important factor in reducing established disease. The inability of EE to reduce disease in GPR30KO mice indicates an important but still undefined role for GPR30 in regulating immune reactivity. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3483549 Sun, 18 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3483549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3421619&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F18 Conclusion: Although the Mtb72f vaccine candidate has shown promise in animal and clinical trials thus far, it may not be optimally effective in some genotypic backgrounds. Due to variation in both M. tuberculosis protein sequences and epitope-binding capabilities of different HLA alleles, certain human populations with a high burden of tuberculosis may not be optimally protected by the Mtb72f vaccine. The efficacy of the Mtb72f vaccine should be further examined in these particular populations to determine whether additional protective measures might be necessary for these regions. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3421619 Mon, 29 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3421619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3416849&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F17 Conclusions: The structural and functional properties of salmon STAT1 resemble the properties of mammalian STAT1. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3416849 Mon, 29 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3416849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3400284&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F16 Conclusions: The neutralization efficiency of the RNA-NGA of Stx2 by A subunit-specific antibodies correlates very well with their ability to protect HeLa cells, but not mice, against Stx2-mediated toxicity. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3400284 Wed, 24 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3400284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3396193&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F15 Conclusion: The data suggest that consumption of GanedenBC30TM may introduce both cell wall components and metabolites that modulate inflammatory processes in the gut. Both the cell wall and the supernatant possess strong immune modulating properties in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effects, combined with direct induction of IL-10, are of interest with respect to possible treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases as well as in support of a healthy immune system. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3396193 Wed, 24 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3396193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3379859&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F14 Conclusions: The effect of paclitaxel on human monocyte derived DC is complex, but in the clinical context of patients receiving preloaded and matured DC vaccines, its immunostimulatory potential and resistance to direct cytotoxicity by paclitaxel would indicate potential advantages to co-administration with vaccines. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3379859 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3379859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3379860&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F13 Conclusions: These data suggest that further antimicrobial peptides may be obtained using human apolipoprotein sequences, selecting regions with either amphipathic alpha-helical structure, or those linked to receptor-binding regions. The finding that an amphipathic alpha-helical region of apolipoprotein J has antiviral activity comparable with that for the previously reported apolipoprotein AI derived peptide 18A, suggests that full-length apolipoprotein J may also have such activity, as has been reported for full-length apolipoprotein AI. Although the strength of the anti-infective activity of the sequences identified was limited, this could be increased substantially by developing related mutant peptides. Indeed the apolipoprotein B-derived peptide mutants uncovered by the present study ... BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3379860 Thu, 18 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3379860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3360070&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F12 Conclusions: The relatively recent evolution of multiple copies of a member of a new defensin related group of peptides that we have termed ovodefensins, may be an adaptation to increase expression or the first steps in divergent evolution of the gene in chickens. The peptides potent antimicrobial activity against E. Coli increases our understanding of the antimicrobial strategies of the avian innate immune system particularly those of the egg white and the evolution of the defensin family. The potential of this peptide and others in the family can now be investigated in a number of novel antimicrobial roles. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3360070 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3360070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3355373&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F11 Conclusion: Broader comprehension of the regulatory mechanisms mediated by prophylatic maternal immunization is important to establish strategies for allergy prevention in early life. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3355373 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3355373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347562&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F10 Conclusion: MT expression seems to favor the survival of nasal polyp epithelial cells in the adjacent increasing cytotoxic immune activity. RCAS1 expressing macrophages seem to participate in the creation of the immune suppressive microenvironment, thus helping to sustain the local inflammation. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347562 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323545&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F9 Conclusions: These data suggest that the granulocytes are the major phagocytes in H. armigera. All haemocytes can be infected by AcMNPV. The transcripts of 14 immune related genes have different expression patterns in H. armigera infected by different pathogens, which means that the immune-related genes may have different functions against various kinds of pathogens. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323545 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316609&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F8 Conclusion Allergic sensitisation in the offspring was affected by the type of adjuvant used for immunisation of the mothers with the same allergen. Th2 polarisation of the immune response in the mothers was found to give reduced IgE levels upon sensitisation of the offspring, whereas no reduction was achieved with Th1 polarisation in the mothers. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316609 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3316609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3280843&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F6 Conclusions: In order to utilize antibody isotypes as a measure of immune bias during co-infection studies, it is important to dissect antigen-specific from cross-reactive antibody responses. Calculating antibody titre, rather than using a single dilution of serum, as a measure of the relative strength of the response, largely accomplished this. Elimination of the carbohydrate moiety of an antigen that can often be the target of cross-reactive antibodies also proved useful. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3280843 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3280843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3251723&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F5 Conclusion: These results suggest that TSLP requires at least one cytoplasmic tyrosine residue to transmit proliferative signals. Unlike other members of IL-2 cytokine family, tyrosine residues in IL-7R alpha and TSLPR cytoplasmic domains play a redundant role in TSLP-mediated cell growth. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3251723 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3251723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3186429&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F3 Conclusions: Co-culture of PBMC with K562D2 stimulatory cells is an efficient technique to prepare large quantities of pure and active NK cells, and these expanded NK cells inhibited WNV infection of Vero cells through both cytolytic and noncytolytic activities, which may imply a potential role of NK cells in combating WNV infection. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3186429 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3186429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3186430&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F2 Conclusions: In conclusion, IEC isolated before gut colonisation occurs at birth are highly responsive to stimulation with gut commensals, with L. acidophilus NCFM inducing a slower, but more sustained response than E. coli Nissle. E. coli may induce intestinal tolerance through very rapid up-regulation of chemokine and cytokine genes and down-regulation of TLR4, while regulating also responsiveness to Gram-positive bacteria. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3186430 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3186430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3160494&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F11%2F1 Conclusions: Functionally, AUF1-deficient mice mount an attenuated response to T cell-independent (TI) antigen. These results indicate that AUF1 is important in the maintenance of splenic FO B cells and adequate humoral immune responses. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3160494 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3160494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3093341&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F64 Conclusions: Since TNF-alpha is pivotal in granuloma formation, the results indicated an unexpected positive function of MKP-1 against mycobacterial infection as opposed to its usual phosphatase activity. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3093341 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3093341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3085390&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F63 Conclusions: Genetic variants of CYSLTR1 promoter might be associated with gender specific expression of CysLT1 alternative transcripts in patients with asthma. CysLT1 splice variants expression might also correlate with the susceptibility to infection in asthmatic population. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3085390 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3085390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3063961&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F62 Conclusion: Neurotransmitters are specific modulators of CD8+ T lymphocytes not by inducing any new functions, but by fine-tuning their key tasks. The effect can be either stimulatory or suppressive depending on the activation status of the cells. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3063961 Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3063961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015979&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F59 Conclusion: TCR/CD28 mediated activation of the PI3K-mTOR pathway is important for granyzme B expression but not proliferation in regulatory T cells. These findings may indicate that suppressive mechanisms other than granzyme B are utilized by rapamycin-expanded Tregs. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015979 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3015979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940561&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F58 Conclusions: A definition of murine histologic alterations resembling asthma in the BALB/c OVA mouse was developed and validated. The definition will be of use in experiments involving this model to ensure that all mice said to have undergone an asthmatic attack did indeed reveal allergic pulmonary inflammation. Proposed grading criteria should be further evaluated with additional studies using physiologic measures of attack severity and increased airway resistance. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940561 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2940561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2935938&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F57 Conclusions: Selenium status may affect immune defense and tissue homeostasis through its effect on selenoprotein expression and the trafficking of tissue macrophages. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2935938 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2935938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932069&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F56 Conclusions: Our results indicate that the inhibitory effects of LILRB4 do not result from a failure to upregulate co-stimulatory proteins. In addition to the high level expression that can render antigen presenting cells tolerogenic, there may be a role for lower level expression and activity of LILRB2 and LILRB4 in response to TLR signalling during an immune response to bacterial infection. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932069 Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2932069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2921207&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F55 Conclusion: In conclusion, induced susceptibility of host resistance is associated with an impaired innate immune response following infection with L. monocytogenes in C57BL/6 Se-deficient mice. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2921207 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2921207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2873169&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F54 Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate that a commensal strain can attenuate CCL20 secretion by HT-29 IECs. Collectively, the data indicate that M. paratuberculosis may mediate mucosal damage and that B. infantis can exert immunomodulatory effects on IECs that mediate host responses to flagellin and flagellated enteric pathogens. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2873169 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2873169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2866396&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F53 Conclusions: - We provide an extended list of putative Fas ligand interaction partners, confirming previously identified interactions, but also introducing several additional SH3 domain proteins that might be important regulators of Fas ligand function. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2866396 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2866396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2836729&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F52 Conclusion: All together we show parameters which are essential for measurement of cytokines in the context of clinical trials. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2836729 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2836729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815300&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F50 Conclusions: The ability to express CD56 was not predicted by TCR sequence or by the strength of signal received by the TCR. For gammadelta T cells, cytotoxic effector function is acquired when cytotoxic precursors within the population are stimulated to proliferate and express CD56. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815300 Sun, 20 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2815300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2805308&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F49 Conclusions: Overall, the effects of ethanol on signalling in vivo were similar to those reported for in vivo exposure to ethanol and/or lipopolysaccharide. However, inhibition of the activation of NF-kappaB was not detected as translocation of p65 to the nucleus but was detected using transgenic reporter mice. The observation that ethanol given 24 hr before dosing with LPS modulated production of some cytokines indicates a persistent effect which does not require continued presence of ethanol. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2805308 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2805308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2763147&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F48 Conclusions: Despite its low resolution, our approach permits comparison of molecular surface features in the absence of crystal structure data. Our results illustrate diversity of surface features of innate immunity receptors and provide hints for function of NLRs whose specific role in innate immunity is yet unknown. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2763147 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2763147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2742304&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F47 Conclusions: These data suggest that the beneficial effects of Flt3L treatments after burn injury are not due to correction of a burn-associated Flt3L deficiency but rather, are likely due to supplementary stimulation of dendritic cell production and immune responses to infection. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2742304 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2742304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738749&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F46 Conclusions: This study underpins a novel role for IL-21 in the differentiation of pseudo-mature lytic NK cells in a synergistic context with IL-15, and identifies a potential strategy to expand functional NK cells for immunotherapy. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738749 Wed, 26 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2672462&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F45 Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that activation of TRIF/type I IFN responses is important in both the pathogenesis and resolution of NTHi-induced OM. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2672462 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2672462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2664602&cid=s_33158_3_f&fid=33158&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2172%2F10%2F43 Conclusions: Although DNA prime adenoviral vector boost immunizations belong to the strongest inducers of cytotoxic T cell responses in different animal models and humans, the CD8+ T cell responses can be further improved by targeting the DNA encoded antigen to DEC205 in the presence of synergistic TLR ligands CpG and Poly I:C. (Source: BMC Immunology) BMC Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2664602 Sun, 02 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2664602