MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'BMC Infectious Diseases' source. Sat, 20 Mar 2010 14:27:42 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3384292&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F75 Conclusions: An ELISPOT-based IGRA detected a high prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in a hospitalized population of tuberculosis suspects with advanced HIV/AIDS but had limited utility for diagnosis of active tuberculosis in a high prevalence setting. Further research is needed to identify stronger and more specific immune responses in patients with active tuberculosis. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3384292 Sat, 20 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3384292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3384293&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F74 Conclusion: This pilot study showed that rapid HIV testing in the red light district of Lausanne was feasible, and that the clients of sex workers accepted testing at an unexpectedly high rate. This setting seems particularly appropriate for targeted HIV screening, since more than 40% of the clients had not previously been tested for HIV even though they engaged in sex-related HIV risk behavior. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3384293 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3384293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3380648&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F73 Conclusion: These findings confirm the effectiveness of the 23-valent PPV against IPD, and they also support the benefit of vaccination in preventing invasive infections among high-risk and older people. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3380648 Thu, 18 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3380648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3376002&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F72 Conclusions: Compared to imipenem, meropenem displays lower MICs against Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Except for non fermenters, MICs90 of carbapenems were (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3376002 Thu, 18 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3376002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3376003&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F71 Conclusions: Despite a good immune response, and an average efficacy over two influenza seasons against laboratory-confirmed influenza of 63.2%, the pre-specified target (lower one-sided 97.5% confidence bound for efficacy > 35%) for the primary efficacy endpoint, the prevention of VMCCI, was not met. However, the results should be interpreted with caution in view of the very low attack rates we observed at the study sites in the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007, which corresponded to relatively mild influenza seasons in the US. Overall, the results showed that TIV has an acceptable safety profile and offered clinical benefit that exceeded risk.Trial registration: NCT00216242 (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3376003 Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3376003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3367837&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F69 Conclusions: The study supported the hypothesis that a single dairy goat farm was the source of the human outbreak. GIS-based attack rate analysis is a promising tool for source detection in outbreaks of human Q-fever. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3367837 Tue, 16 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3367837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3367836&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F70 Conclusions: Our results highlight the significant impact testing volume can have on observed incidence rates, and that simple explanations for these observed increases appear to have been dismissed in favor of changes to the underlying prevalence. These simple methods not only demonstrate geographic portability, but the results reassure the public health effort towards monitoring and controlling chlamydia. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3367836 Tue, 16 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3367836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3367839&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F67 Background: The presentation and causes of adult meningitis in South Africa have changed substantially as a result of HIV. Knowledge of aetiology and laboratory findings in patients presenting with meningitis are important in guiding management. We performed a retrospective study to determine these findings in a setting of high HIV and TB prevalence in Cape Town. Methods: Patients undergoing lumbar punctures between 1st January 2006 and 31st December 2008 at a public sector referral hospital were studied. Cases were classified by microbiological diagnosis, or in the absence of definitive microbiology as 1) normal CSF (neutrophils[less than or equal to]1x106/L, lymphocytes[less than or equal to]5 x106/L, protein[less than or equal to]0.5g/dL, glucose[greater than or equal to]1.5mmol/L), 2) ... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3367839 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3367839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3367838&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F68 Conclusions: The presence of icaA/D genes along with the sequence element IS256 was associated with therapeutic failure in most CoNS infections, even though its absence in S. aureus isolates does not ensure therapeutic success. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3367838 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3367838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3356200&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F66 Conclusions: The prevalence rate of TB/HIV patients is still low but increasing in South Korea. Physicians should consider performing HIV tests among TB patients, especially in higher-risk groups, such as young males with extrapulmonary TB in South Korea. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3356200 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3356200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3356201&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F65 Conclusion: Model performance, integrated with epidemiologic and environmental surveillance systems should be assessed systematically for RVF and other mosquito-borne diseases using historical epidemiologic and satellite monitoring data. Case management related interventions; health education and vector control efforts are extremely effective in preparedness for viral haemorrhagic fever and other seasonal outbreaks. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3356201 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3356201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3352033&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F62 Conclusions: Communities with low vaccine coverage represent a more serious public health threat than do sporadic susceptible individuals. The successful elimination of measles will require additional efforts to immunize low vaccine coverage population groups including hard-to-reach individuals, adolescents, and young adults. An enhanced surveillance systems, which includes viral genotyping to document chains of transmission, is an essential tool for evaluating strategy to control and eliminate measles. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3352033 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3352033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3352032&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F63 Conclusions: We observed a high prevalence of total and high-risk type HPV in an Eastern European country. The most common high-risk HPV types detected were HPV 16, 53, and 66. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3352032 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3352032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3352031&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F64 Conclusions: KFD and COP are possible part of a disease continuum, rather than separate entities. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3352031 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3352031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3352034&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F61 We examined the skin of 1535 participants aged between four months and 97 years. The majority of participants were male, aged between 11 and 20 years and had at least one condition of interest (56.0%, 56.0%, and 63.1%, respectively). Fungal infections were the most common presentation (39.0%) and males were more commonly affected than females (42.3% vs 34.0%, respectively, pvalue (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3352034 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3352034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3348179&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F60 Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. To prevent invasive pneumococcal diseases, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) is recommended in subjects over 65 years of age. Although it provides approximately 50-80% protection against invasive disease in the general elderly population, there is still controversy as to the effectiveness of the PPV in the elderly. Methods: To evaluate the immune response to the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in the elderly, samples from young adults and elderly were obtained before and one month after vaccination. The quantitative and qualitative response to the vaccine were measured by the ELISA and opsonophagocytic killing assay for eight vaccine type serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3348179 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3348179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3348180&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F59 Background: Understanding the prevalence and risk factors for common causes of ulcerative genital disease in the general population would inform current STI syndromic management and HIV testing strategies in high HIV prevalence regions of India. Methods: Persons 15-49 years old from 32 rural and 34 urban clusters were sampled using a stratified random method to represent adults in the high HIV prevalence Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh state. Interviews were conducted and dry blood spots were collected on 12,617 study participants. Testing for HSV-2 and syphilis was performed. Results: Adjusted HSV-2 and syphilis seroprevalence rates were 4.70% and 2.08% for men and 7.07% and 1.42% for women. For men, tattooing, >3 lifetime sex partners, tobacco use, and sex with men in the past 6 months... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3348180 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3348180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3344403&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F58 Conclusion: These findings suggest that many people diagnosed with chlamydia are reluctant to use the new technologies for partner notification, except in specific circumstances, and our efforts in developing partner notification resources may best be focused on giving patients the skills and confidence for personal interaction. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3344403 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3344403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340490&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F55 Conclusion: Individuals with higher levels of IgG3 might be partially protected from malaria infection. Higher levels of total IgG and IgM in highlands might be due to low exposure to malaria infection, recent infection or presence of cross-reactive antigens. Further studies of longitudinal nature are recommended. Data obtained from this study were used in selection of one village (Kwashemshi) for conducting MSP3 phase 1b malaria vaccine trial in Korogwe. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340490 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340489&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F56 Conclusions: This study confirmed the circulation of influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and B viruses in the human population in Central Africa and describes the emergence of oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) viruses in Central Africa. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340489 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340488&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F57 Conclusion: Only one third of those with suspected TB infection had a positive QFT-TB test. Recent immigration from TB endemic countries and long duration of exposure are risk factors for a positive QFT-TB test and these groups should be targeted through screening. Since most patients with LTBI remained QFT-TB positive after therapy, the test could not be used to monitor the effect of preventive therapy. Prospective studies are needed in order to determine the usefulness of IGRA tests during therapy. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340488 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340492&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F53 Conclusions: High prevalence of HIV-HBV co-infection was found in our patients. A sizeable number of co-infected patients remain undiagnosed, if only conventional serological markers are used. Presence of anti-HBs antibodies was not a reliable surrogate marker to rule out occult HBV infection. The most reliable method to diagnose occult HBV co-infection in HIV seropositive patients is the detection of HBV-DNA. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340492 Sun, 07 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340491&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F54 Conclusions: In this study we found a high mortality rate in TB patients requiring intensive care, especially in those with an early ICU admission. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340491 Sun, 07 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3339224&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F52 Conclusion: The prevalence of latent tuberculosis in pregnant women was found to be relatively high compared to that of the general population. In endemic areas, socio-demographic parameters alone are rarely adequate in identifying women susceptible to TB infection; therefore targeted screening should be conducted for all pregnant women at high risk for activation (especially HIV positive women). As opposed to the current policy of passive case detection, there appears to be an imminent need to move towards active screening. Ethnicity may provide important clues into genetic and cultural differences which predispose to latent tuberculosis, and is worth exploring further. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3339224 Sun, 07 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3339224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3339225&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F51 Conclusions: The clustering of cases supports an important role of secondary transmission in the dynamics of cholera epidemics in Matlab, Bangladesh. The spatial clustering of cases relative to water sources, and its timing, suggests an effective role of water reservoirs during the onset of cholera outbreaks. Once primary transmission has initiated an outbreak, secondary transmission takes over and plays a fundamental role in shaping the epidemics in this endemic area. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3339225 Sat, 06 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3339225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3336739&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F48 Conclusions: Sputum smear reversion develops in 10% of patients with smear-positive pulmonary TB, with 30% due to viable M. tuberculosis bacilli. Isolation and regimen modification may not be necessary for all drug-susceptible patients who already have radiographic improvement and develop smear reversion after two months of treatment or after sputum culture conversion. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3336739 Sat, 06 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3336739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3336738&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F49 Conclusions: The search for rare causes of fever led to complete resolution of a very difficult case. As DIHS is a rare disease the most relevant issue is to suspect and include it in differential diagnosis of fevers of unknown origin. Once diagnosed, the therapy is easy (steroidal administration) and often successful. However our case strongly confirms that attention should be paid on the steroidal tapering that should be very slow to avoid a relapse. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3336738 Sat, 06 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3336738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3336737&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F50 Conclusion: The large discrepancy in crude fatality ratios across the three regions can only be partly explained by epidemiological and clinical heterogeneities. Our findings underline the importance of a common data collection platform, especially in an emerging epidemic, in order to identify and explain consistencies and differences in the eventual clinical and public health outcomes of infectious disease outbreaks, which is becoming increasingly important in our highly interconnected world. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3336737 Sat, 06 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3336737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333081&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F45 Typhoid (enteric) fever is still a common disease in many developing countries but current diagnostic tests are inadequate. Studies on pathogenesis and genomics have provided new insight into the organisms that cause enteric fever. Better understanding of the microorganisms explains, in part, why our current typhoid methodologies are limited in their diagnostic information and why developing new strategies may be a considerable challenge. Here we discuss the current position of typhoid diagnostics, highlight the need for technological improvements and suggest potential ways of advancing this area. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333081 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3333081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333080&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F46 Conclusions: In conclusion, brucellosis in wild boar is widespread in the Iberian Peninsula, thus representing an important threat for domestic pigs. By contrast, wild ruminants were not identified as a significant brucellosis reservoir for livestock. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333080 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3333080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333079&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F47 Conclusions: HIV research productivity in Africa is highly skewed. To increase HIV research output, total expenditure on health (% of GDP), private expenditure on health, and adult literacy rate may be important factors to address. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333079 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3333079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3324594&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F44 Conclusions: Our results also support BAL galactomannan testing as a reasonably safe test with higher sensitivity compared to serum galactomannan testing in at-risk patients with hematological diseases. A higher OD cutoff is necessary to avoid over-diagnosis of IPA, and a standardized method of collection should be established before results can be compared between centers. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3324594 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3324594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315583&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F42 Background: During an infectious disease outbreak, it is critical to learn as much as possible about the concerns, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the public. Such information can be crucial to the improvement of communication efforts by public health officials and clinicians. The aim of this study was to identify awareness, attitudes, and practices related to influenza A (H1N1) among the Saudi public. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,548 adult subjects recruited from various shopping malls in Riyadh and Jeddah was conducted. All of the subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire that tested their knowledge, attitudes, and use of precautionary measures in relation to the H1N1 influenza pandemic. Results: More than half (54.3%, 840/1548) of the participants showed high concer... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315583 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315582&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F43 Conclusions: These results highlighted that isoniazid resistant MTB especially with katG315Thr is likely to be clustered in a community, develop extra resistance to rifampicin and become MDR-TB in Chinese rural settings. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315582 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3308779&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F41 Conclusions: LPA is an appropriate tool for rapid screening for MDR-TB in Uganda and has the potential to substantially reduce the turnaround time of DST results. Careful attention must be paid to training, supervision and adherence to stringent laboratory protocols to ensure high quality results during routine implementation. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3308779 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3308779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3308780&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F40 The objective of this study was to determine whether there are differences among regions in Canada in the rates of VL testing of HIV-positive individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), where the testing is available without financial barriers under the coverage of provincial health insurance programs. Methods: The Canadian Observational Cohort (CANOC) is a collaboration of nine Canadian cohorts of HIV-positive individuals who initiated cART after January 1, 2000. The study included participants with at least one year of follow-up. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) regression models were used to determine the effect of geographic region on (1) the occurrence of an interval of 9 months or more between two consecutive recorded VL tests and (2) the number of days between VL ... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3308780 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3308780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3304285&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F39 Conclusions: A higher MP bacterial load in throat secretions at diagnosis was associated with more advanced respiratory disease in patients, but MP genotype did not influence disease severity. Both MP genotypes co-circulated during recent outbreaks in Sweden. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3304285 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3304285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3304286&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F38 Conclusions: Our results have broad implications for risk assessment of WNV and forecasting WNV outbreaks. Assessing risk of vector-born infectious diseases will require understanding of complex ecological relationships. Based on the climatologically characteristic drought occurrence in the past and on climate model predictions for climate change and potentially greater drought occurrence in the future, we suggest that the frequency and relative risk of WNV outbreaks could increase. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3304286 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3304286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3299829&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F37 Conclusions: The risk of reactivation of latent tuberculosis decreases with age. This decline may reflect the rate at which latent tuberculosis is eliminated from a population with minimal transmission of tubercle bacilli. A model for risk of developing active tuberculosis as a function of time since infection shows that the rate at which tuberculosis can be eliminated from a society can be quite substantial if new infections are effectively prevented. The findings clearly indicate that preventative measures against transmission of tuberculosis will be the most effective. These results also suggest that the total population harbouring live tubercle bacilli and consequently the future projection for increased incidence of tuberculosis in the world is probably overestimated. (Source: BMC Inf... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3299829 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3299829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3296206&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F35 Conclusions: HCWs have high knowledge, positive attitudes, but low compliance concerning standard precautions. Nurses had higher knowledge, perceived risk, and appropriate HAIs' control measures than physicians and HCWs answered correctly and used appropriately control measures if have received information from educational courses and scientific journals. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3296206 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3296206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3296205&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F36 Conclusions: Our study provides an overview of the genetic variability of complete NS5A protein in HCV genotype 3a. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3296205 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3296205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3291621&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F34 Conclusions: Our study shows a high degree of awareness of human AI in both urban and rural populations, and could provide scientific support to assist the Chinese government in developing strategies and health-education campaigns to prevent AI infection among the general population. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3291621 Sun, 21 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3291621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3289471&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F33 Conclusions: The transient presence of anticardiolipin antibodies in association with an unusual clinical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis is intriguing although a causal relationship cannot be established. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3289471 Sat, 20 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3289471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3289472&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F32 Conclusions: The application of optimal control theory can provide valuable insight to developing effective control strategies for pandemic. Our findings highlight the importance of establishing a sensitive and timely surveillance system for pandemic preparedness. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3289472 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3289472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3285595&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F31 Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is responsible for major epidemics worldwide. Autochthonous cases were recently reported in several European countries. Acute infection is thought to be monophasic. However reports on chronic pain related to CHIKV infection have been made. In particular, the fact that many of these patients do not respond well to usual analgesics suggests that the nature of chronic pain may be not only nociceptive but also neuropathic. Neuropathic pain syndromes require specific treatment and the identification of neuropathic characteristics (NC) in a pain syndrome is a major step towards pain control. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study at the end of the major two-wave outbreak lasting 17 months in Reunion Island. We assessed pain in 106 patients seeking g... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3285595 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3285595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3277618&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F30 Conclusions: Our investigation indicated that consumption of norovirus-contaminated salad caused the peak of the outbreak on 7-9 January. Strict personal hygiene and proper disinfection of environmental surfaces remain crucial to prevent norovirus transmission. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3277618 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3277618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3274053&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F28 IntroductionEven though sepsis is one of the common causes of children morbidity and mortality, specific inflammatory markers for identifying sepsis are less studied in children. The main aim of this study was to compare the levels of high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) between infected children without systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and children with severe and less severe sepsis. The second aim was to examine HMGB1, LBP, IL6 and CRP as markers for of bacteraemia. Methods: Totally, 140 children with suspected or proven infections admitted to the Children's Clinical University Hospital of Latvia during 2008 and 2009 were included. Clinical and demographical information as well... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3274053 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3274053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3274052&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F29 Conclusions: Screening consistently detected >80% of colonized-patient-days. Estimates of the effectiveness of barrier precautions showed considerable uncertainty, but in all units except burns/general surgery and one cardiac surgery ICU, the best estimates were consistent with reductions in transmission associated with barrier precautions. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3274052 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3274052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3274054&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F27 Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a causative factor for cervical cancer. Early detection of high risk HPV types might help to identify women at high risk of cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine the HPV prevalence and distribution in cervical smears in a sample of Greek women attending a gynecological outpatient clinic and to explore the determinants of the infection. Methods: A total of 225 women were studied. All women underwent a regular gynecological control. 35 HPV types were studied; 6, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 66, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85 and 89. Also, basic demographic information, sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behavior were recorded. Results: HPV was... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3274054 Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3274054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3271910&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F26 Background: Intrauterine infection is the main contributor to maternal-infantile transmission of HBV. This is a retrospective study of 158 HBsAg-positive pregnant women who delivered children from Jan 1st, 2004 to Dec.31th, 2006 in Wuhan City, China. We investigated the measures taken to prevent maternal-infantile transmission of hepatitis B virus and the infection status of children.MethodS HBsAg-positive pregnant women were selected by a random sampling method when they accepted prenatal care in district-level Maternal and Child Health Hospitals. On a voluntary basis, these women completed questionnaires by face-to-face or phone interviews. The collected data were used to evaluate the immunization programs that pregnant women had received for preventing hepatitis B maternal-infantile tra... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3271910 Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3271910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3271911&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F25 Conclusions: Our method allows for intuitive understanding of the reasons why national mass vaccination is typically predicted to be suboptimal. As such, we present a general framework for fast calculation of expected outcomes during the attempted control of diverse emerging infections; this is particularly important given that parameters would need to be interactively estimated and modelled in any release scenario. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3271911 Sun, 14 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3271911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264472&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F24 Conclusions: As expected antigenemia test was less sensitive than molecular tests and DBS test performed better on samples with higher rates of pp65 positive PBL and higher numbers of DNA copies/ml. The prognostic significance of the results of these tests will be evaluated on completion of the ongoing collection of follow-up data of these children. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264472 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3264472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3260700&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F22 Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine strategies in GAVI-eligible countries are focusing on infant immunization but this strategy may not be optimal in all settings. We aimed to collect all available population based data on pneumococcal meningitis throughout life in the African meningitis belt and then to model overall meningitis risk to help inform vaccine policy. Methods: After a systematic review of literature published from 1970 through the present, we found robust population-based Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) meningitis data across age strata for four African meningitis belt countries that included 35 surveillance years spanning from 1970 to 2005. Using these data we modeled disease risk for a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 persons followed throughout life. Results: Similar to ... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3260700 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3260700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3260699&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F23 Conclusion: There is a large burden of TB in this population. Rate of incident TB stabilises at a rate higher than that of the overall population. These data highlight the need for greater research on strategies for active case finding in rural settings and the need to focus on strengthening primary health care. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3260699 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3260699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3245419&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F21 Conclusion: The spatial pattern of TB in Antananarivo and the contribution of national control program indicators to this pattern highlight the importance of the data recorded in the TB registry and the use of spatial approaches for assessing the epidemiological situation for TB. Including these variables into the model increases the reproducibility, as these data are already available for individual DTCs. These findings may also be useful for guiding decisions related to disease control strategies. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3245419 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3245419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3241424&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F20 Background: Persistent symptoms after treatment for neuroborreliosis are common for reasons mainly unknown. These symptoms are often unspecific and could be caused by dysfunctions in endocrine systems, an issue that has not been previously addressed systematically. We therefore mapped hormone levels in patients with previous confirmed Lyme neuroborreliosis of different outcomes and compared them with a healthy control group. Methods: Twenty patients of a retrospective cohort of patients treated for definite Lyme neuroborreliosis were recruited 2.3 to 3.7 years (median 2.7) after diagnosis, together with 23 healthy controls. Lyme neuroborreliosis patients were stratified into two groups according to a symptom/sign score. All participants underwent anthropometric and physiological investigat... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3241424 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3241424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221913&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F19 Conclusion: Occupational health policies for universal precautions need to be implemented in Afghani hospitals. Staff vaccination against hepatitis B is recommended. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221913 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3221913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3210003&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F18 Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV are each responsible for a considerable burden of disease. Interactions between these infections pose substantial public health challenges, especially where HIV prevalence is high and HPV vaccine coverage low. Methods: Between July 2005 and January 2006, a cross-sectional community-based survey in Mombasa, Kenya, enrolled female sex workers using snowball sampling. After interview and a gynaecological examination, blood and cervical cytology samples were taken. Quantitative real-time PCR detected HPV types and viral load measures. Prevalence of high-risk HPV was compared between HIV-infected and -uninfected women, and in women with abnormal cervical cytology, measured using conventional Pap smears. Results: Median age of the 820 participants w... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3210003 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3210003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3199290&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F16 Conclusions: Black men and black women had the highest incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and high odds of extrapulmonary disease among persons with tuberculosis. These data suggest that factors in addition to tuberculosis exposure contribute to extrapulmonary tuberculosis risk in blacks. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3199290 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3199290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3199289&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F17 Conclusions: Several characteristics of left-sided endocarditis enable selection of a patient group at higher risk of mortality. This group may benefit from more specialised attention in referral centers and should help to identify those patients who might benefit from more aggressive diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3199289 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3199289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3195453&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F15 Conclusion: We provide evidence of a relationship between the duration of shedding and history of infection, which may have a bearing on the relative role of primary versus re-infections in RSV transmission in the community. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3195453 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3195453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3195455&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F13 Conclusions: Our study illustrates both similarities and differences in the evolutionary processes acting on gonococcal populations in different geographic areas. An explanation of this pattern that may apply in China is the continued use of quinolone antibiotics despite widespread resistance. Population genetic analysis of gonococcal strains in conjunction with epidemiological surveillance may provide insights into the epidemic behavior of antibiotic resistant strains and help to design control measures. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3195455 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3195455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3195454&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F14 Conclusions: PCV7 vaccination is highly effective and cost saving in both normal and severe pandemic influenza seasons. Current infant vaccination practices may prevent >1 million pneumococcal-related deaths in a severe influenza pandemic, primarily due to herd protection. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3195454 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3195454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187102&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F11 Conclusions: Further studies will need to assess other antigens unique to M. africanum that may induce discriminatory immune responses. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187102 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3187102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187101&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F12 We report data from active prospective surveillance of IPD in children in Germany. The cohorts of preterm born children in 2000 and 2007 and the respective whole birth cohorts are compared regarding occurrence of IPD. Results: After introduction of PCV7 we observed a reduction in the rate of IPD in preterm born infants comparing the 2000 and 2007 birth cohort. The rate of IPD among the whole birth cohorts was reduced from 15.0 to 8.5 notifications per 100,000 (P (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187101 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3187101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3180905&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F10 Conclusions: We hypothesize that the LPS-induced blunting of pro-inflammatory response in mouse is, in part, mediated by PPARs (alpha and gamma). (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3180905 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3180905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3177398&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F9 Background: Few studies have assessed long term persisting immunity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in children vaccinated during infancy with combined vaccines containing recombinant HBV surface antigen (HBs). We assessed antibody persistence and immune memory in children 4-5 years of age, previously vaccinated with four doses of combined hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine (Infanrix hexaTM). Methods: Immune memory was assessed in 301 children through administration of a challenge dose of monovalent HBV vaccine. Results: At 4-5 years of age, 85.3% of subjects had persisting anti-HBs antibody concentrations [greater than or equal to]10 mIU/mL, rising to 98.6% after the HBV challenge dose. All but 12 subjects (95.8%) achieved post-challenge anti-HBs concentrations [greater than or equal to]... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3177398 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3177398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3165353&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F8 Background: Influenza immunisation for healthcare workers is encouraged to protect their often vulnerable patients but also due to a perceived higher risk for influenza. We aimed to compare the risk of influenza infection in healthcare workers in acute hospital care with that in non-healthcare workers over the same season. Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicentre cohort study during the 2006/07 influenza season in Berlin, Germany. Recruited participants gave serum samples before and after the season, and completed questionnaires to determine their relevant exposures and possible confounding factors. The main outcome measure was serologically confirmed influenza infection (SCII), defined as a fourfold or greater rise in haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres to a circulating s... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3165353 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3165353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3161255&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F6 Conclusions: Induction therapy with partial adherence is tolerable, but the outcome depends on the drug cocktail. Our theoretical predictions are in line with recent results from pilot studies of short-cycle treatment interruption strategies and may be useful in guiding the design of future clinical trials. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3161255 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3161255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3161254&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F7 CONCLUSION: Specific measures need to implemented to control transmission of HIV infection in Pakistan through infected migrant workers. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3161254 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3161254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3150765&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F5 DiscussionWe collected case data from 11 countries, about 60% of all cases reported through mid-July 2009. We compared sequence data for the hemagglutinin of novel H1N1 with sequences of H1N1 viruses from 1918 to the present. We searched for sequence differences that imply loss of antigenicity either directly through amino acid substitution or by the appearance of sites for potential glycosylation proximal to sites known to be antigenic in humans. We also considered T-cell epitopes.In our composite, over 75% of confirmed cases of novel H1N1 occurred in persons [less than or equal to] 30 years old, with peak incidence in the age range 10-19 years. Less than 3% of cases occurred in persons over 65, with a gradation in incidence between ages 20 and 60 years.The sequence data indicates that no... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3150765 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3150765 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3147417&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F3 Conclusions: The detection of influenza viral RNA and viable influenza virus from stool suggests that influenza virus may be localized in the gastrointestinal tract of children, may be associated with pediatric diarrhea and may serve as a potential mode of transmission during seasonal and epidemic influenza outbreaks. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3147417 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3147417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3147416&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F4 Conclusion: A significant higher prevalence of T. gondii infection was observed in female in the clinically healthy population. No correlation was found between T. gondii infection and psychiatric disorders in this study. Results suggest that women are more exposed to T. gondii infection than men in China. The data argue for deeper investigations for the potential risk factors that threat the female populations. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3147416 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3147416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3144033&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F2 Conclusions: Valganciclovir treatment for CMV infection/disease in D+/R- transplant recipients can thus result in variable viral clearance despite adequate ganciclovir plasma concentrations, probably correlating inversely with anti-CMV immune responses after primary infection. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3144033 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3144033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138148&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F10%2F1 Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that bacteremia accompanying meningitis plays an important role in the development of hippocampal injury in pneumococcal meningitis. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138148 Sun, 03 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3138148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3134597&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F216 Conclusion: AFB smear associated with PCR dot-blot associated has the potential to be a cost-effective tool in the fight against PTB for patients attended in the TB/HIV reference hospital. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3134597 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3134597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3134596&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F217 Conclusion: TB in our area is predominantly a disease of young foreign-born subjects. Smoking appears as a possible risk factor for cavitary TBP. Time to diagnosis remains long. Compliance to treatment is satisfactory. Success rate for S+ TBP is within WHO objectives. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3134596 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3134596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3127692&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F215 Background: Infection with HIV-1 is characterized by genetic diversity such that specific viral subtypes are predominant in specific geographical areas. The genetic variation in HIV-1 pol and env genes is responsible for rapid development of resistance to current drugs. This variation has influenced disease progression among the infected and necessitated the search for alternative drugs with novel targets. Though successfully used in developed countries, these novel drugs are still limited in resource-poor countries. The aim of this study was to determine HIV-1 subtypes, recombination, dual infections and viral tropism of HIV-1 among Kenyan patients prior to widespread use of antiretroviral drugs. Methods: Remnant blood samples from consenting sexually transmitted infection (STI) patients ... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3127692 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3127692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125454&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F214 Conclusion: Provision of the supporting evidence and rationale should help to facilitate successful implementation of the JE surveillance standards in JE-endemic countries which will in turn enable better understanding of disease burden and the impact of control programs. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125454 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3125454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112895&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F213 Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) has been proposed as a diagnostic and prognostic sepsis marker, but has never been validated in febrile patients with prolonged ICU stay. Methods: Patients were included in the study provided they were hospitalised in the ICU for > 10 days, were free of infection and presented a new episode of SIRS, with fever >38oC being obligatory. Fifty patients fulfilled the above criteria. PCT was measured daily during the ICU stay. The primary outcome was proven infection. Results: Twenty-seven out of 50 patients were diagnosed with infection. Median PCT on the day of fever was 1.18 and 0.17 ng/ml for patients with and without proven infections (p (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112895 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3112895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3109409&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F211 Conclusion: Our data indicate that HTLV-1/HIV co-infected patients progress with higher CD4+ T cell counts and higher levels of activation markers. In this context, it is conceivable that in co-infected individuals, these higher levels of activation may account for a faster progression to AIDS. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3109409 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3109409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3109408&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F212 The objective of the present study was to compare peritonitis caused by S. aureus and CoNS and to evaluate the factors influencing outcome. Methods: Records of 86 new episodes of staphylococcal peritonitis that occurred between 1996 and 2000 in the Dialysis unit of a single university hospital were studied (35 due to S. aureus, 24 to S. epidermidis and 27 to other CoNS). The production of slime, lipase, lecithinase, nuclease (DNAse), thermonuclease (TNAse), alpha- and beta-hemolysin, enterotoxins (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) was studied in S. aureus and CoNS. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated based on the minimal inhibitory concentration determined by the E-test. Outcome predictors were evaluated by two logistic regression models. Results: The oxa... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3109408 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3109408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3107519&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F209 Conclusions: The inverse correlation between serum MIF and delta max cortisol or the delta max cortisol/albumin ratio suggests that high serum MIF reflects an insufficient adrenal response in the HPA axis. Serum MIF could be a valuable clinical marker of adrenal insufficiency in sepsis patients. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3107519 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3107519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3107518&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F210 Conclusions: In recent years, rabies is reemerging and becoming a major public-health problem in China. Our analysis showed that unsuccessful control of dog rabies and inadequate PEP of patients were the main factors leading to the high incidence of human rabies in China, then there are following suggestions: (1) Strict control of free-ranging dogs and mandatory rabies vaccination should be enforced. (2)Establishing national animal rabies surveillance network is imperative. (3) PEP should be decided to initiate or withhold according to postmortem diagnosis of the biting animal. (4) The cost of PEP should be decreased or free, especially in rural areas. (5)Education of the public and health care staff should be enhanced. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3107518 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3107518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3094218&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F208 Conclusions: RT-LAMP system developed in this study showed a high sensitivity comparable to that of the cell culture system for the detection of PV, HEV-A, and HEV-C, but less sensitivity to HEV-B. This RT-LAMP system would be useful for the direct detection of enterovirus from the stool extracts. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3094218 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3094218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3090888&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F207 Conclusion: In immunocompromised patients, the QFT-IT may be more sensitive than the TST for detection of LTBI, but it resulted in a considerable proportion of indeterminate results. Therefore, both tests may maximise the efficacy of screening for LTBI in immunocompromised patients. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3090888 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3090888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086744&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F204 Conclusions: Our findings show a change in clinical presentation of shigellosis in this setting, as the disease may be now more pronounced, this is concurrent with a change in antimicrobial resistance profile. These data highlight the socio-economic development of Southern Vietnam and should guide future vaccine development and deployment strategies.Trial Registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN55945881 (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086744 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3086744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086743&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F205 Background: High rates of mortality and morbidity have been described in sub-Saharan African patients within the first few months of starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). There is limited data on the causes of early morbidity on HAART and the associated resource utilization. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of medical admissions at a secondary-level hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Patients on HAART were identified from a register and HIV-infected patients not on HAART were matched by gender, month of admission, and age group to correspond with the first admission of each case. Primary reasons for admission were determined by chart review. Direct health care costs were determined from the provider's perspective. Results: There were 53 in the HAART group w... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086743 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3086743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086742&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F206 Conclusion: Protracted and severe Giardia infection seemed to be a risk factor for post-infectious fatigue and abdominal symptoms two years after the infection had been cleared. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086742 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3086742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086746&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F202 Beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (BLPB) can play an important role in polymicrobial infections. They can have a direct pathogenic impact in causing the infection as well as an indirect effect through their ability to produce the enzyme beta-lactamase. BLPB may not only survive penicillin therapy but can also, as was demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies, protect other penicillin-susceptible bacteria from penicillin by releasing the free enzyme into their environment. This phenomenon occurs in upper respiratory tract, skin, soft tissue, surgical and other infections. The clinical, in vitro, and in vivo evidence supporting the role of these organisms in the increased failure rate of penicillin in eradication of these infections and the implication of that increased rate on the manage... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086746 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3086746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086745&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F203 Conclusion: Through 96 weeks of TPV/r-based cART, DAIDS Grade 3/4 TEs and hepatic SAEs occurred in approximately 11% and 1% of TPV/r patients, respectively; most (84%) had no significant clinical implications and were managed without permanent treatment discontinuation. Among the 14 patients with hepatic SAE, 6 experienced hepatic failure (0.5%); these patients had profound immunosuppression and the rate appears higher among hepatitis co-infected patients. The overall probability of experiencing a hepatic SAE in this patient cohort was 1.4% through 96 weeks of treatment. Independent risk factors for DAIDS Grade 3/4 TEs include TPV/r treatment, co-infection with hepatitis B and/or C, DAIDS grade >1 TE and CD4+ > 200 cells/mm3 at baseline.US-NIH Trial registration number: NCT00144170 (Source... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086745 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3086745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3082773&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F201 Conclusion: These results may contribute to the database of HLA profiles in HIV-1 infected Chinese population, consequently, the association of certain HLA alleles with susceptibility or resistance to HIV-1 infection would provide with clues in choosing proper preventive strategies against HIV-1 infection and developing effective HIV-1 vaccines in Chinese population, especially for those in southwest China. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3082773 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3082773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3077264&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F200 Conclusions: Understanding the specific features of chikungunya virus as well as how the virus interacts with its host are essential for the prevention, treatment or cure of chikungunya disease. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3077264 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3077264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073224&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F199 Conclusions: In our area a considerable proportion of HIV infected patients are asymptomatic carriers of L. infantum infection. A relationship between high HIV viral load and high parasitemic burden, possibly related to a higher risk of developing symptomatic disease, is suggested. PCR could be used for periodic screening of HIV patients to individuate those with higher risk of reactivation of L. infantum infection. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073224 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3073224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073225&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F198 Conclusions: These results demonstrated AR NPs could be fabricated containing three antiretroviral drugs (RTV, LPV, EFV). Sustained release of AR from PLGA NP show high drug levels in PBMCs until day 28 without cytotoxicity. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073225 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3073225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3058419&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F197 Conclusions: Our results confirm the findings of other studies that there is no significant TB transmission from TB high-prevalence immigrant to TB low-prevalence autochthonous population. This may be explained by the good performance of tuberculosis screening programmes for certain groups arriving in Germany from high- prevalence countries, by a low degree of mixing of immigrants with the local population or by a combination of both. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3058419 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3058419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054324&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F196 Conclusion: We confirmed the wintertime predominance of IPD in a major urban center. The major predictor of IPD in Philadelphia is extended periods of low UV radiation, which may explain observed wintertime seasonality. The mechanism of action of diminished light exposure on disease occurrence may be due to direct effects on pathogen survival or host immune function via altered 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin-D metabolism. These findings may suggest less diminution in future IPD risk with climate change than would be expected if wintertime seasonality was driven by temperature. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054324 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3054324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3049954&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F194 We present a case of an adrenal gland abscess caused by subacute disseminated Nocardia farcinica pneumonia. Infections caused by N. farcinica are uncommon and have a wide variety of clinical manifestations in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.Because of its unspecific symptoms and tendency to disseminate it may mimic the clinical symptoms and radiologic findings of a tumour disease and the diagnosis of nocardiosis can easily be missed, because there are no characteristic symptoms.An infection with N. farcinica is potentially lethal because of its tendency to disseminate -particularly in the brain- and its high resistance to antibiotics.Awareness of this differential diagnosis allows early and appropriate treatment to be administered. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3049954 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3049954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3049953&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F195 Conclusions: We found no significant benefit in children with cryptosporidiosis despite high dose and longer treatment duration. This is the second randomised controlled trial to suggest that in Zambian children with HIV-related immunosuppression nitazoxanide does not eradicate this infection nor provide clinical symptom reduction.Trial Registration: The trial was registered as ISRCTN41089957. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3049953 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3049953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3046231&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F192 Conclusion: Strong predilection of infected macrophages and CD8+ T cells was typical of the deeper midline and mesial temporal structures uniquely in HAD patients, which has some influence on neurocognitive impairment during HIV infection. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3046231 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3046231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3046230&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F193 Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides evidence that ertapenem 1 g once a day can be used as effectively and safely as recommended dose of piperacillin/tazobactam, for the treatment of complicated infections, particularly of mild to moderate severity. It is an appealing option for the treatment of these complicated infections. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3046230 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3046230 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3037808&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F191 Conclusion: HPV prevalence and type distribution in this study were similar to that reported worldwide at least in our study population. Hovewer, HPV prevalence was more common compared with previous studies reported from Turkey. This might be related with methodology and hospital based patient accrual and high rate of women with abnormal cytology. Further population based prospective studies are needed to eliminate the drawbacks of our study and to determine nonhospital based HPV prevalence in Turkish women. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3037808 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3037808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3037810&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F189 Conclusion: Having two out of urgency to urinate, self reporting of previous infections and detection of eggs in the urine were good proxy predictors of urinary tract abnormality as detected by ultrasound. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3037810 Sun, 29 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3037810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3037809&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F190 Conclusions: In this study, large increases in ED diagnoses of bronchiolitis and influenza-like illness were independent and proxy indicators for RSV and influenza activity, respectively. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3037809 Sun, 29 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3037809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3032143&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F187 Conclusions: We use a large-scale social contact survey in eight different European countries to gain insights in the relative change in the basic reproduction number on weekdays versus weekends and during regular versus holiday periods. The resulting estimates indicate that school closure can have a substantial impact on the spread of a newly emerging infectious disease that is transmitted via close (non sexual) contacts. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3032143 Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3032143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3032142&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F188 Conclusions: Differential protein expression profiling has the potential to be used for the detection of disease in TSE infected animals. Having established that a "training set'' of potential markers can be constructed, more work would be required to further test the specificity and sensitivity of the assay in a "testing set". Based on these promising results, further studies are being performed using blood samples from infected sheep to assess the potential use of SELDI-TOF as a pre-mortem blood based diagnostic. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3032142 Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3032142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3028065&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F186 Conclusions: T. cruzi KMP-11 and the T. rangeli HSP-70 recombinant proteins may be explored together in the immunodiagnosis of Chagas' disease.Polarising the IgG1 subclass of the IgG response to T. cruzi KMP-11 and T. rangeli HSP-70 recombinant proteins could have important biological effects, taking into account that this is a complement fixing antibody. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3028065 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3028065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3024347&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F185 Conclusion: This study results suggests that we need a liver cancer education program to increase HBV awareness and to increase the liver cancer prevention message among low educated populations. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3024347 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3024347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3024348&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F184 Conclusions: This study shows how epidemiologic patterns at the host and bacterial population levels can be used to investigate endemic as compared to outbreak patterns of shigellosis in a community. Information gathered as part of such investigations will be instrumental in identifying emerging antimicrobial resistance, for developing treatment guidelines appropriate for that community, and to provide baseline data with which to compare outbreak strains in the future. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3024348 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3024348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3020544&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F183 Conclusions: Candidal UTI in the NICU population occurs both in term infants with congenital abnormalities and in preterm infants, and is associated with renal parenchymal disease and extra-renal dissemination. A wide variation in clinical approach was documented in this multicenter study. The overall mortality rate in these infants was significant (30%). In one third of the deaths, Candida infection was deemed to be a contributing factor, suggesting the need for antifungal therapy with repeat evaluation for dissemination in infants who are slow to respond to therapy. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3020544 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3020544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3016315&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F182 Background: Interferon-gamma (IFN-g) release assays (IGRAs) were designed to detect latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, discrepancies were found between the tuberculin skin test (TST) and IGRA results that cannot be attributed to prior Bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate tools for improving LTBI diagnosis by analyzing the IFN-g response to RD1 proteins in prolonged (long-term response) whole blood tests in those subjects resulting negative to assays such as QuantiFERON-TB Gold In tube (QFT). Methods: The study population included 106 healthy TST+ individuals with suspected LTBI (recent contact of smear-positive TB and homeless) consecutively enrolled. As controls, 13 healthy subjects unexposed to M. tuberculosis (TST-, QFT-) and 29 subjec... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3016315 Sat, 21 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3016315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3014062&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F181 Conclusion: Significant community-level variation remaining after having controlled for child- and mother-level characteristics is indicative of a need for further research on community-levels factors, which would enable extensive tailoring of community-level interventions aimed at improving full immunization and other child health outcomes. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3014062 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3014062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3010229&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F180 Conclusion: Model based geo-statistical methods can be used to interpolate malaria risks in Kenya with precision and our model shows that the majority of Kenyans live in areas of very low P. falciparum risk. As malaria interventions go to scale effectively tracking epidemiological changes of risk demands a rigorous effort to document infection prevalence in time and space to remodel risks and redefine intervention priorities over the next 10-15 years. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3010229 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3010229 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3001627&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F179 Conclusions: The study showed specific serum IgG and IgA production in patients infected with Cryptosporidium, both HIV seropositive and seronegative as compared to uninfected subjects suggesting induction of Cryptosporidium specific humoral immune response in infected subjects. However, there was no difference in number of patients with positive response in HIV seropositive or seronegative groups indicating that HIV status may not be playing significant role in modulation of Cryptosporidium specific antibody responses. The number of patients with positive IgG, IgM and IgA response was not significantly different in patients with or without history of diarrhoea thereby indicating that Cryptosporidium specific antibody responses may not be necessarily associated with protection from symptom... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3001627 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3001627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2993218&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F178 Background: Moraxella catarrhalis causes approximately 10% of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and also colonizes the lower airway in stable patients. Little is known about the effects of colonization by M. catarrhalis on airway inflammation and protease-antiprotease balance, and how these changes compare to those seen during exacerbations. Since COPD is a progressive inflammatory disease, elucidating the effects of bacterial colonization and exacerbation on airway inflammation is relevant to understanding disease progression in COPD. Our aims were (1) Analyze changes in airway inflammation in colonization and exacerbation of COPD due to M. catarrhalis; (2) Explore protease-antiprotease balance in colonization and exacerbation due to M. catarrhalis. Our hypothe... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2993218 Sun, 15 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2993218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2979122&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F177 Conclusion: Data presented here show for the first time the evaluation of PCR MP technique for candidial strains differentiation and we propose that this can be used as a relatively simple and cheap technique for epidemiological studies in short period of time in hospital. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2979122 Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2979122 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2975205&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F176 Background: Surgeons may improve their decision making by assessing the extent to which their initial clinical diagnosis of a surgical site infection (SSI) was supported by culture results. Aim of the present study was to evaluate routinely reported SSI by surgeons against microbiological culture results, to identify patient groups with lower agreement where decision making may be improved. Methods: 701 admissions with SSI were reported by surgeons in a university medical centre in the period 1997-2005, which were retrospectively checked for microbiological culture results. Reporting a SSI was conditional on treatment being given (e.g. antibiotics) and was classified by severity. To identify specific patient groups, patients were classified according to the surgery group of the first opera... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2975205 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2975205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2956527&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F175 Background: In February 2005, the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended the new meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) for routine use among 11- to 12-year-olds (at the preadolescent health-care visit), 14- to 15-year-olds (before high-school entry), and groups at increased risk. Vaccine distribution started in March; however, in July, the manufacturer reported inability to meet demand and widespread MCV4 shortages were reported. Our objectives were to determine early uptake patterns among target (11-12 and 14-15 year olds) and non-target (13- plus 16-year-olds) age groups. A post hoc analysis was conducted to compare seasonal uptake patterns of MCV4 with polysaccharide meningococcal (MPSV4) and tetanus diphtheria (Td) vaccines. Methods: We analyzed data for adolescen... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2956527 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2956527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2936545&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F174 Conclusion: The results of our study show that the MIP-1α/CCL3 levels were positively associated with S. haematobium egg counts at baseline but not with HIV-1 infection status. MIP-1α/CCL3 levels were significantly reduced at three months post treatment with praziquantel. We therefore conclude that MIP-1α/CCL3 is produced during infection with S haematobium. S. haematobium infection is associated with increased MIP-1α/CCL3 levels in an egg intensity-dependent manner and treatment of S. haematobium is associated with a reduction in MIP-1α/CCL3. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2936545 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2936545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2918006&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F174 Conclusion: The results of our study show that the MIP-1alpha/CCL3 levels were positively associated with S. haematobium egg counts at baseline but not with HIV-1 infection status. MIP-1alpha/CCL3 levels were significantly reduced at three months post treatment with praziquantel. We therefore conclude that MIP-1alpha/CCL3 is produced during infection with S haematobium. S. haematobium infection is associated with increased MIP-1alpha/CCL3 levels in an egg intensity-dependent manner and treatment of S. haematobium is associated with a reduction in MIP-1alpha/CCL3. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2918006 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2918006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2918007&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F173 Conclusion: When patients in endemic areas present with fever and rash and have sensorineural hearing loss or otalgia without otoscopic abnormalities, clinicians should suspect scrub typhus and consider empirical antibiotic therapy. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2918007 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2918007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2936546&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2Fbmcinfectdis%2F Conclusions: Our conclusion is that, since there is no therapy to date that guarantees life-long protection, deferral of therapy should be preferred in order to minimize the risk of adverse effects, the occurrence of drug resistances and the costs of treatment. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2936546 Mon, 19 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2936546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2906522&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F172 Conclusions: Our conclusion is that, since there is no therapy to date that guarantees life-long protection, deferral of therapy should be preferred in order to minimize the risk of adverse effects, the occurrence of drug resistances and the costs of treatment. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2906522 Sun, 18 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2906522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2903781&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F170 Conclusions: Gaps and variability in adherence demonstrate the risk of exposure to avian influenza under conditions of wild bird collection, and justify serological testing and regular training of task personnel. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2903781 Sat, 17 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2903781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2903780&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F171 Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware that cystic lesions and bronchiectasis can develop in spite of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole treatment for P. jirovecii pneumonia. The newly formed bronchiectasis and cyst formation that were noted in follow up high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) but were not visible on HRCT at admission could be risk factors for the development of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema in HIV-patients. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2903780 Sat, 17 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2903780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2900532&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F169 Conclusions: HIV-infected children in rural southern Zambia have long travel times to access care and may have poorer weight gain on ART than children in urban areas. Despite these barriers, these children had a substantial rise in CD4+ T cell counts in the first year of ART although longer follow-up may indicate these gains are not sustained. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2900532 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2900532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2892374&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F168 Conclusion: Influenza activity in Cambodia occurred during the rainy season, from June to November, and ends before the cool season (usually extending from December to February). Even though Cambodia is a tropical country, geographically located in the northern hemisphere, influenza activity has a southern hemisphere transmission pattern. Together with the antigenic analysis of the circulating strains, it is now possible to give a better influenza vaccination recommendation for Cambodia. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2892374 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2892374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2892375&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F167 Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a certain degree of correspondence between the vaginal and rectal microflora, not only with regard to species composition but also with regard to strain identity between vaginal and rectal isolates.These results support the hypothesis that the rectal microflora serves as a reservoir for colonisation of the vaginal econiche. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2892375 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2892375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2864063&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F166 We examined initial behavioural and attitudinal responses towards Influenza A, H1N1 ("Swine flu") in the six days following the WHO pandemic alert level 5, and regional differences in these responses. Methods: 328 respondents completed a cross-sectional internet or paper-based questionnaire study in Malaysia (N = 180) or Europe (N = 148). Measures assessed changes in transport usage, purchase of preparatory goods for a pandemic, perceived risk groups, indicators of anxiety, assessed estimated mortality rates for seasonal flu, effectiveness of seasonal flu vaccination, and changes in pork consumption Results: 26% respondents were 'very concerned' about being a flu victim (42% Malaysians, 5% Europeans, p (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2864063 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2864063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2864064&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F165 Conclusions: Medically attended local reactions were uncommon following Td vaccination. The risk of those reactions varied by age and by prior receipt of TDCVs. These findings provide a point of reference for future evaluations of the safety profile of newer vaccines containing tetanus or diphtheria toxoid. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2864064 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2864064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848616&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F164 Conclusion: With good hand hygiene compliance, we found relatively low contamination rates of MRSA, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii on ward computer interface, and without further contribution to nosocomial infection. Our results suggested no necessity of routine culture surveillance in non-outbreak situation. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848616 Wed, 30 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2848616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2844502&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F162 Conclusions: Given the ongoing risk of poliovirus importation prior to global eradication, long term surveillance is required to provide a high degree of confidence in freedom from poliovirus infection in Australia, particularly if a low prevalence of infection is assumed. Adherence to the WHO surveillance targets would considerably improve the sensitivity of surveillance for poliovirus infection in Australia. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2844502 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2844502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2844501&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F163 Conclusion: These results demonstrate the ongoing spread of kdr alleles in An. gambiae in Central Africa. The rapid evolution of insecticide resistance in this highly dynamic and genetically polymorphic species remains a challenge for its control. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2844501 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2844501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2844503&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F161 Conclusion: Although there are several reports that Salmonella endocarditis without cardiac failure can be successfully treated with antibiotics alone, early surgical intervention is essential for some cases to prevent life-threatening complications. Transesophageal echocardiography should be performed in any patient with high clinical suspicion of infective endocarditis for the early detection and the early surgical intervention. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case-report of Salmonella endocarditis in a haemodialysis patient. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2844503 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2844503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2840383&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F160 Conclusion: These results suggest that relatively few island nations could successfully rely on intensive travel volume restrictions alone to avoid the arrival of pandemic influenza (or subsequent waves). Therefore most island nations may need to plan for multiple additional interventions (e.g., screening and quarantine) to raise the probability of remaining pandemic free or achieving substantial delay in pandemic arrival. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2840383 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2840383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2840384&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F159 Conclusion: These findings confirm that ZEBOV and MARV co-circulate in Gabon, the only country where bats infected by each virus have been found. IgG antibodies to both viruses were detected only in Rousettus aegyptiacus, suggesting that this bat species may be involved in the natural cycle of both Marburg and Ebola viruses. The presence of MARV in Gabon indicates a potential risk for a first human outbreak. Disease surveillance should be enhanced in areas near caves. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2840384 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2840384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2826170&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F158 The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of HIV-associated ocular conditions in patients referred for ART in India. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken at a large public sector ART centre in Mumbai, India. Data collection including a standardised symptom screen, and an ophthalmic examination were performed on all consecutive patients satisfying the criteria for enrolment into the ART clinic irrespective of the presence or absence of ophthalmic/visual symptoms. Results: Enrolled patients (n=149) had a median CD4 cell count of 180 cell/muL (inter-quartile range [IQR], 106-253 cells/muL). The prevalence of HIV-associated ocular disease was 17.5% (95% CI, 11.2-23.6%) in all participants and 23.8% (95% CI: 14.5-33.1) in those with CD4 cell counts (Sou... BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2826170 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2826170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2816584&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F157 Conclusion Based on these results we suggest that a PCT level cut off > 0.1 mg/L may be more appropriate than 0.25 mg/L (previously proposed for non severe lower respiratory tract infection) to predict the probability of a bacterial infection in severe COPD patients with pneumonia Further studies testing procalcitonin-based antibiotic strategies are needed in COPD patients with severe pneumonia. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2816584 Sun, 20 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2816584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2813396&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F156 Conclusions: Interferon tends to be a fairly well-tolerated form of therapy. According to different routes of administration, locally-used interferon appears to be much more effective than both systemically-used interferon and placebo in either improving the complete response rate or reducing the recurrence rate for the treatment of genital warts. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2813396 Sun, 20 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2813396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2808789&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F155 Conclusion: Immunodeficiency increased the risk of having opportunistic parasites and diarrhea. Therefore; raising patient immune status and screening at least for those treatable parasites is important. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2808789 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2808789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2791685&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F154 Conclusion: Cross-resistance from first-line PIs may impede the effectiveness of TPV/r-containing salvage therapy. TPV/r should be used cautiously for patients with virological failure to LPV/r especially long duration of exposure. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2791685 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2791685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2783907&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F153 Conclusion: The combination of Lim broth and subculture on Granada medium provide high sensitivity for GBS detection from vaginal and rectal swabs from pregnant women. We established a higher genotypic diversity per individual than other studies, with up to four different genotypes among a maximum of 6 isolates per individual picked. Still, 18 of the 19 women with GBS from both rectum and vagina had at least one isolate from each sampling site with the same genotype. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2783907 Thu, 10 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2783907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2780171&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F152 Conclusions: The results demonstrate not only that TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB are key components of the innate immune response to the pathogen, but also that a large part of the mechanisms by which the alveolar macrophage responds to B. anthracis are still unknown as many of the genes involved are poorly annotated. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2780171 Wed, 09 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2780171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2776309&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F150 Conclusions: Data from passive and active surveillance systems confirm that varicella is a common disease which each year affects a large proportion of the population, mainly children. Uptake of the varicella vaccination programme was strikingly good with average coverage rates reached about 70% after only 3 years. Sustained implementation of existing vaccine policies is needed to warrant any significant reduction of varicella incidence in the Veneto Region. Continued surveillance will be important to monitor the impact of the recently introduced mass vaccination policy. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2776309 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2776309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2776308&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F151 Conclusion: Cluster analysis underscored several issues for TB control in an urban setting, such as the recognition of the outbreak, the importance of reinfections, the impact of delayed diagnosis, the contribution of pub-related transmissions and its value for decision-making to extend contact investigations. Visualising cases in a cluster diagram was particularly useful in finding transmission locations and the similarities and links between patients. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2776308 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2776308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2773475&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F149 Conclusion: The genotypes encountered in our HBV-infected patients were apparently a consequence of the types of immigration that occurred in our region, where European and African descendents predominate. The HBeAg-negative status predominated, possibly due to the length of time of infection. The viral load in HBeAg-positive patients was higher than in HBeAg-negative individuals. The fibrosis grade in genotype A-infected patients was more advanced than genotype D-infected patients. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2773475 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2773475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2764102&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F147 Conclusions: In the Asia Pacific region, predominantly in developing countries, leptospirosis is largely a water-borne disease. Unless interventions to minimize exposure are aggressively implemented, the current global climate change will further aggravate the extent of the disease problem. Although trends indicate successful control of leptospirosis in some areas, there is no clear evidence that the disease has decreased in the last decade. The efficiency of surveillance systems and data collection varies significantly among the countries and areas within the region, leading to incomplete information in some instances. Thus, an accurate reflection of the true burden of the disease remains unknown. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2764102 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2764102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2764101&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F148 Conclusions: The RiboSEQ GBS test is a valuable method for the rapid, sensitive and specific detection of GBS in pregnant women. This study also validates the ssrA gene as a suitable and versatile target for nucleic acid-based diagnostic tests for bacterial pathogens. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2764101 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2764101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2754530&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F146 Conclusions: This study shows that neonatal enteral feeding tubes, irrespective of feeding regime, act as loci for the bacterial attachment and multiplication of numerous opportunistic pathogens within the Enterobacteriaceae family. Subsequently, these organisms will enter the stomach as a bolus with each feed. Therefore, enteral feeding tubes are an important risk factor to consider with respect to neonatal infections. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2754530 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2754530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2749099&cid=s_37207_20_f&fid=37207&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2334%2F9%2F145 Conclusions: The high model goodness-of-fit and the higher frequency of OBSI and STAPH outcomes indicated that hospital-specific risk adjustment based on medical services provided would be useful for these outcomes in Queensland. The low frequency of IVD-STAPH and MRSA outcomes indicated that development of a hospital-level risk score was a more valid method of risk adjustment for these outcomes. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases) BMC Infectious Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2749099 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2749099