MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Behavior Modification' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 02:31:36 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5612371&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22253289%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gianoumis S, Sturmey P Abstract The literature pertaining to training staff, parents, and peers to implement interventions for individuals with developmental disabilities was reviewed for training procedures that incorporated strategies to promote generalization. The search engines for the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis and Pubmed© were used to find relevant studies. Studies met the inclusion criteria if they sufficiently operationalized their training procedure, took data on individual trainees' performance, and used a single-subject experimental design. The training procedures were coded for generalization procedures as per Stokes and Baer. Of the 54 studies, 46 considered used procedures to promote generalization. The most prevalent generalization procedures were... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5612371 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5612371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5521542&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22180390%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Safir MP, Wallach HS, Bar-Zvi M Abstract Public speaking anxiety (PSA) is a common social phobia. Although cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice, difficulties arise with both in vivo and in vitro exposure (lack of therapist control, patient's inability to imagine, self-flooding, and a lack of confidentiality resulting from public exposure). Virtual reality CBT (VRCBT) enables a high degree of therapist control, thus overcoming these difficulties. In a previous publication, the authors reported on their findings that VRCBT (n = 28) and CBT (n = 30) groups were significantly more effective than a wait-list control (WLC; n = 30) group in anxiety reduction on four of five anxiety measures as well as on participant's self-rating of anxiety during a behavio... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5521542 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5521542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5497133&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F87%3Frss%3D1 Functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP) provides a behavioral analysis of the psychotherapy relationship that directly applies basic research findings to outpatient psychotherapy settings. Specifically, FAP suggests that a therapist’s in vivo (i.e., in-session) contingent responding to targeted client behaviors, particularly positive reinforcement of a client’s effective behavior, should be a powerful mechanism of change. However, much of the previous literature on FAP has been theoretical, broadly defining FAP techniques rather than explicating them with the precision necessary for replication and training. In this article, the authors explicate a logical framework for turn-by-turn interactions between the client and therapist that may guide research, training, and disseminati... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5497133 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5497133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5497132&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F67%3Frss%3D1 Clinical experiences show that many survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) suffer from a distressing feeling of being contaminated (FBC) even years or decades after the last experience of sexual violence. So far, this symptom has been neglected in research. The aim of this article is to illustrate this symptom and the necessity of a specialized treatment. Phenomenology, consequences, and possible concepts of explanation are described. The article presents a newly developed short-time treatment, cognitive restructuring and imagery modification, to reduce the FBC in adult survivors of CSA. Two case studies on women suffering from chronic CSA-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) plus the FBC demonstrate the outcome of the two-session program that can easily be integrated in a whole... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5497132 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5497132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5497131&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F49%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, triggers, and consequences of skin picking (SP) in a sample of Turkish university students, with an emphasis on gender differences. A total of 245 students from two universities in Turkey were assessed by using the Skin Picking Inventory. In total, 87.8% of the students reported engaging in SP, and 2.04% of the students had pathological SP. There was no statistically significant difference between female and male students regarding the frequency of SP and the estimated daily SP time. The SP episodes began earlier in men than in women. Women were found to pick their chins, whereas men were found to pick their legs more frequently. SP is prevalent among Turkish students. Triggers, characteristics, and consequences of SP... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5497131 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5497131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5497130&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F37%3Frss%3D1 This study compared two theoretically opposed strategies for acute pain management: an acceptance-based and a change-based approach. These two strategies were compared in a within-subjects design using the cold pressor test as an acute pain induction method. Participants completed a baseline pain tolerance assessment followed by one of the two interventions and another pain tolerance test. The alternate strategy was presented in a separate, but otherwise identical, experimental session. On average, both interventions significantly increased pain tolerance relative to baseline, with no significant difference between the two intervention conditions. Baseline psychological acceptance emerged as a significant moderator of intervention efficacy; individuals with a high level of acceptance benef... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5497130 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5497130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5497129&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F18%3Frss%3D1 Studies have shown that college-level self-management (SM) courses, which typically require students to complete an individual project as part of the course, can be an effective method for promoting successful self-change (i.e., targeted behavioral change). However, only a handful of studies have focused on and investigated the intensity of the SM component required for successfully changing a target behavior. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the effectiveness of a SM course in improving a target behavior within a college setting, (b) determine the level of SM course intensity necessary for successful behavioral change, and (c) identify the characteristics of successful self-managers in terms of strategy use. A total of 84 college students were enrolled in a high-intensity SM c... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5497129 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5497129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5497128&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has many behavioral and cognitive features that would make it appear to be closely tied to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Obsessive-compulsive-related disorders (OCRDs) have been described in the literature as conditions that share a common phenomenology, neurobiology, and treatment response. The authors reviewed the literature describing the degree that NSSI is similar to, and distinct from, OCRDs based on these hypothesized common areas. They conclude with recommendations for conceptualization that draws partly from the OCRD literature and from cognitive-behavioral models of rumination. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5497128 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5497128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502489&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22133991%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Turan MK, Moroz L, Croteau NP Abstract Error-correction strategies are essential considerations for behavior analysts implementing discrete trial training with children with autism. The research literature, however, is still lacking in the number of studies that compare and evaluate error-correction procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare two error-correction strategies: Independent Probe and Delay across learners with autism in an intensive intervention program. Two studies were conducted. The first study compared the two procedures across receptive tasks for 3 individuals, and differential effects were seen across learners. The second study compared the two procedures across tact trials with two of the same learners and found that individual differences were... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502489 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5502489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502488&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22133992%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goodwin CL, Forman EM, Herbert JD, Butryn ML, Ledley GS Abstract Approximately 90% of cardiac events are attributable to a small number of modifiable behavioral risk factors that, if changed, can greatly decrease morbidity and mortality. However, few at-risk individuals make recommended behavioral changes, including those who receive formal interventions designed to facilitate healthy behavior. Given evidence for the potential of specific psychological factors inherent in acceptance-based behavior therapy (ABBT; that is, intolerance of discomfort, mindfulness, and values clarity) to impact health behavior change, the authors evaluated the feasibility and initial effectiveness of an ABBT pilot program designed to increase adherence to behavioral recommendations among cardia... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502488 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5502488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502487&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22133993%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stangeland LA, Smith DP, Rapp JT Abstract In two experiments, the authors evaluated the extent to which (a) individuals preferred engaging in object stereotypy versus observing an experimenter while the experimenter engaged in object stereotypy and (b) an experimenter's engagement in object stereotypy decreased the participants' engagement in object stereotypy. Results of Experiment 1 indicated that behaver-controlled (BC) object stereotypy was preferred over experimenter-controlled (EC) object stereotypy by three of four participants. Results of Experiment 2 indicated that EC object stereotypy decreased object stereotypy for only one of three participants. Implications of these findings for determining the relative importance of control over stimulation generated by stere... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502487 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5502487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502490&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22127117%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lanovaz MJ, Sladeczek IE Abstract Vocal stereotypy is a common problem behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorders that may interfere considerably with learning and social inclusion. To assist clinicians in treating the behavior and to guide researchers in identifying gaps in the research literature, the authors provide an overview of research on vocal stereotypy in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Specifically, the authors review the research literature on behavioral interventions to reduce engagement in vocal stereotypy with an emphasis on the applicability of the procedures in the natural environment and discuss the clinical implications and limitations of research conducted to date. Researchers have shown that several antecedent-based and conseque... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502490 Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5502490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502491&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22116935%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bach P, Hayes SC, Gallop R Abstract A previous report explored the impact of a brief (four session) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention as compared with treatment as usual (TAU) on rehospitalization over 4 months in a sample of 80 inpatients with psychosis. The present study extended the follow-up period to 1 year and used a more sophisticated survival analysis to take previous hospitalization and length of the current hospitalization into account. Those in the ACT condition showed reduced hospitalization as compared to those in TAU at 4 months post discharge and again at 1 year post discharge. A test of proportionality of hazard showed that survival curves continued to diverge in the 5- to 12-month postdischarge period after adjusting for differences in t... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502491 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5502491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5430766&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089635%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schuster R, Bornovalova M, Hunt E Abstract The authors suggest a theoretical model of pathways of HIV progression, with a focus on the contributions of depression-as well as secondary, behavioral and emotional variables. Literature was reviewed regarding (a) comorbid depression and the direct physiological effects on HIV progression and (b) intermediary factors between HIV and disease progression. Intermediary factors included (a) substance use, (b) social support, (c) hopelessness, (d) medication nonadherence, and (e) risky sexual behavior and the contraction of secondary infections. The authors suggest direct physiological pathways from depression to HIV progression and indirect pathways (e.g., behavioral, social, and psychological). In addition to depression, substance ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5430766 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5430766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5386608&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22053068%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weeks CE, Kanter JW, Bonow JT, Landes SJ, Busch AM Abstract Functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP) provides a behavioral analysis of the psychotherapy relationship that directly applies basic research findings to outpatient psychotherapy settings. Specifically, FAP suggests that a therapist's in vivo (i.e., in-session) contingent responding to targeted client behaviors, particularly positive reinforcement of a client's effective behavior, should be a powerful mechanism of change. However, much of the previous literature on FAP has been theoretical, broadly defining FAP techniques rather than explicating them with the precision necessary for replication and training. In this article, the authors explicate a logical framework for turn-by-turn interactions between the client... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5386608 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5386608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5306983&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F595%3Frss%3D1 Although several theories exist to describe why patients improve in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), in only a limited number of studies has CBT skill acquisition been examined, particularly among patients with complex clinical profiles. Thus, the overarching aim of this research was to develop a tool to measure patients’ use of CBT skills, such that it would have clinical utility for patients and therapists during treatment. In Study 1, the authors developed an initial set of items for the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Skills Questionnaire (CBTSQ). They submitted these items to an exploratory factor analysis in an initial administration (n = 350) and to a confirmatory factor analysis in a second administration (n = 378). Results indicated that there were two factors (Behavioral Ac... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5306983 Sun, 09 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5306983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5306982&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F570%3Frss%3D1 Parents (N = 21) of children with autism spectrum disorders responded to a survey on adherence to skills instruction and problem behavior management strategies they had previously been observed to master in a standardized training curriculum based on the principles of applied behavior analysis. Survey items were guided by existing models of and research in treatment adherence. Parents reported adherence below observed mastery criteria in five of six skill areas. Three independent variables indexing caregiver perception were significantly correlated with reported adherence: perceived effectiveness as a behavior change agent, confidence in the intervention to produce meaningful change, and acceptance of child in family and community. Perceived confidence significantly predicted adherence in ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5306982 Sun, 09 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5306982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5306981&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F553%3Frss%3D1 An attempt was made to modify the Gambling Functional Assessment (GFA), which was proposed to identify four possible contingencies maintaining the respondent’s gambling behavior. However, previous research found that it only identified two contingencies (i.e., positive vs. negative reinforcement), with some items cross-loading on both contingencies and one not loading at all. A total of 1,060 undergraduate students completed a revised version of the GFA containing 22 items. Exploratory factor analyses conducted on a random selection of half of the participants led to a two-factor solution (positive and negative reinforcement) for 16 of the items that strongly loaded on the two factors. Confirmatory factor analyses conducted using structural equation modeling on the data from the othe... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5306981 Sun, 09 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5306981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5306980&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F531%3Frss%3D1 The authors assessed the extent to which multielement designs produced false positives using continuous duration recording (CDR) and interval recording with 10-s and 1-min interval sizes. Specifically, they created 6,000 graphs with multielement designs that varied in the number of data paths, and the number of data points per data path, using a random number generator. In Experiment 1, the authors visually analyzed the graphs for the occurrence of false positives. Results indicated that graphs depicting only two sessions for each condition (e.g., a control condition plotted with multiple test conditions) produced the highest percentage of false positives for CDR and interval recording with 10-s and 1-min intervals. Conversely, graphs with four or five sessions for each condition produced ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5306980 Sun, 09 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5306980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5306979&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F511%3Frss%3D1 The authors examined the effectiveness of a novel behavior modification method for dysfunctional and impulsive habits, based on nonremovable reminders (NrRs). NrRs were implemented by having participants wear nonremovable wristbands designated to constantly remind them of their resolution to quit the targeted habit (nail-biting). Participants were 80 nail-biters who resolved to quit. The NrR approach was contrasted with an aversion-based behavioral modification technique. Recovery was assessed after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment and in a 5-month follow-up. The NrR method was associated with lower drop-out rate and was as successful as the aversion-based method altogether. When considering only non-dropouts, the aversion-based method was more effective. This suggests that the use of constantly... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5306979 Sun, 09 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5306979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5252030&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21937566%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Calikusu C, Kucukgoncu S, Tecer O, Bestepe E Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, triggers, and consequences of skin picking (SP) in a sample of Turkish university students, with an emphasis on gender differences. A total of 245 students from two universities in Turkey were assessed by using the Skin Picking Inventory. In total, 87.8% of the students reported engaging in SP, and 2.04% of the students had pathological SP. There was no statistically significant difference between female and male students regarding the frequency of SP and the estimated daily SP time.The SP episodes began earlier in men than in women. Women were found to pick their chins, whereas men were found to pick their legs more frequently. SP is prevalent amo... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5252030 Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5252030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5252029&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21937567%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jung K, Steil R Abstract Clinical experiences show that many survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) suffer from a distressing feeling of being contaminated (FBC) even years or decades after the last experience of sexual violence. So far, this symptom has been neglected in research. The aim of this article is to illustrate this symptom and the necessity of a specialized treatment. Phenomenology, consequences, and possible concepts of explanation are described. The article presents a newly developed short-time treatment, cognitive restructuring and imagery modification, to reduce the FBC in adult survivors of CSA. Two case studies on women suffering from chronic CSA-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) plus the FBC demonstrate the outcome of the two-session progra... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5252029 Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5252029 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5223873&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21914653%26dopt%3DAbstract This study compared two theoretically opposed strategies for acute pain management: an acceptance-based and a change-based approach. These two strategies were compared in a within-subjects design using the cold pressor test as an acute pain induction method. Participants completed a baseline pain tolerance assessment followed by one of the two interventions and another pain tolerance test. The alternate strategy was presented in a separate, but otherwise identical, experimental session. On average, both interventions significantly increased pain tolerance relative to baseline, with no significant difference between the two intervention conditions. Baseline psychological acceptance emerged as a significant moderator of intervention efficacy; individuals with a high level of acceptance benef... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5223873 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5223873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5208182&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21893554%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jacob KL, Christopher MS, Neuhaus EC Abstract Although several theories exist to describe why patients improve in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), in only a limited number of studies has CBT skill acquisition been examined, particularly among patients with complex clinical profiles. Thus, the overarching aim of this research was to develop a tool to measure patients' use of CBT skills, such that it would have clinical utility for patients and therapists during treatment. In Study 1, the authors developed an initial set of items for the Cognitive-BehavioralTherapy Skills Questionnaire (CBTSQ).They submitted these items to an exploratory factor analysis in an initial administration (n = 350) and to a confirmatory factor analysis in a second administration (n = 378). Resul... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5208182 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5208182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5208183&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21890533%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Choi JH, Chung KM Abstract Studies have shown that college-level self-management (SM) courses, which typically require students to complete an individual project as part of the course, can be an effective method for promoting successful self-change (i.e., targeted behavioral change). However, only a handful of studies have focused on and investigated the intensity of the SM component required for successfully changing a target behavior. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the effectiveness of a SM course in improving a target behavior within a college setting, (b) determine the level of SM course intensity necessary for successful behavioral change, and (c) identify the characteristics of successful self-managers in terms of strategy use. A total of 84 college stu... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5208183 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5208183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5208186&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885468%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weatherly JN, Miller JC, Terrell HK Abstract An attempt was made to modify the Gambling Functional Assessment (GFA), which was proposed to identify four possible contingencies maintaining the respondent's gambling behavior. However, previous research found that it only identified two contingencies (i.e., positive vs. negative reinforcement), with some items cross-loading on both contingencies and one not loadingat all. A total of 1,060 undergraduate students completed a revised version of the GFA containing 22 items. Exploratory factor analyses conducted on a random selection of half of the participants led to a two-factor solution (positive and negative reinforcement) for 16 of the items that strongly loaded on the two factors. Confirmatory factor analyses conducted using... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5208186 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5208186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5208185&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885469%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McKay D, Andover M Abstract Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has many behavioral and cognitive features that would make it appear to be closely tied to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Obsessive-compulsive-related disorders (OCRDs) have been described in the literature as conditions that share a common phenomenology, neurobiology, and treatment response. The authors reviewed the literature describing the degree that NSSI is similar to, and distinct from, OCRDs based on these hypothesized common areas. They conclude with recommendations for conceptualization that draws partly from the OCRD literature and from cognitive-behavioral models of rumination. PMID: 21885469 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5208185 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5208185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5208184&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885470%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moore TR, Symons FJ Abstract Parents (N = 21) of children with autism spectrum disorders responded to a survey on adherence to skills instruction and problem behavior management strategies they had previously been observed to master in a standardized training curriculum based on the principles of applied behavior analysis. Survey items were guided by existing models of and research in treatment adherence. Parents reported adherence below observed mastery criteria in five of six skill areas. Three independent variables indexing caregiver perception were significantly correlated with reported adherence: perceived effectiveness as a behavior change agent, confidence in the intervention to produce meaningful change, and acceptance of child in family and community. Perceived co... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5208184 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5208184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182682&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21873368%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koritzky G, Yechiam E Abstract The authors examined the effectiveness of a novel behavior modification method for dysfunctional and impulsive habits, based on nonremovable reminders (NrRs). NrRs were implemented by having participants wear nonremovable wristbands designated to constantly remind them of their resolution to quit the targeted habit (nail-biting). Participants were 80 nail-biters who resolved to quit. The NrR approach was contrasted with an aversion-based behavioral modification technique. Recovery was assessed after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment and in a 5-month follow-up. The NrR method was associated with lower drop-out rate and was as successful as the aversion-based method altogether. When considering only non-dropouts, the aversion-based method was more eff... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182682 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182681&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21873369%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bartlett SM, Rapp JT, Henrickson ML Abstract The authors assessed the extent to which multielement designs produced false positives using continuous duration recording (CDR) and interval recording with 10-s and 1-min interval sizes. Specifically, they created 6,000 graphs with multielement designs that varied in the number of data paths, and the number of data points per data path, using a random number generator. In Experiment 1, the authors visually analyzed the graphs for the occurrence of false positives. Results indicated that graphs depicting only two sessions for each condition (e.g., a control condition plotted with multiple test conditions) produced the highest percentage of false positives for CDR and interval recording with 10-s and 1-min intervals. Conversely, ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182681 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5082382&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F486%3Frss%3D1 This article details a pilot evaluation of a behavioral activation (BA) treatment with eight people presenting with psychosis and marked negative symptoms. The rationale for this development was that BA is effective in treating depression, a condition that shares overlapping features with negative symptoms. Results provide preliminary support for feasibility and effectiveness of BA for negative symptoms in terms of treatment adherence, retention, and initial outcomes. However, additional advantages may accrue from revisions to the BA treatment. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5082382 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5082382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5082381&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F468%3Frss%3D1 Nail-biting is currently classified as an impulse control disorder not otherwise specified. Although seldom targeted as a primary symptom, nail-biting is often associated with somatic complications and decreased quality of life. The present study assessed the effectiveness of an innovative self-help technique, titled decoupling (DC). DC aims at attenuating pathological nail-biting by performing motor sequences that decouple and rearrange the behavioral elements involved in the habit. A total of 72 participants with excessive nail-biting were recruited via specialized self-help forums and were randomized to either DC or progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) groups after baseline assessment. Four weeks later, participants underwent a similar assessment as before and were asked to rate the effe... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5082381 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5082381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5082380&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F451%3Frss%3D1 In a randomized trial for children with social phobia (SP), Social Effectiveness Therapy for Children (SET-C; a treatment consisting of exposure and social skills training) and fluoxetine were more effective than pill placebo in reducing social distress and behavioral avoidance, but only SET-C demonstrated significantly improved overall social skill and social competence. In the current study, the authors examined the specific social skills enhanced by SET-C using a recently developed coding schema. At posttreatment, children treated with SET-C displayed a more effective ability to manage the conversational topic (pragmatic social behaviors) and more appropriate motor movement, facial orientation, and posture (paralinguistic social behaviors) than children treated with fluoxetine or placeb... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5082380 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5082380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5082379&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F427%3Frss%3D1 Evidence from recent meta-analytic and narrative review suggests that early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) may improve life chances of preschool children with autism. Unfortunately, there are few data indicating whether early gains are maintained after intervention ceases. The purpose of the present study was to establish the 2-year follow-up outcome for children with autism (N = 41) who had participated in an earlier 2-year controlled comparison of EIBI. Twenty-three children in the intervention group (100% of original sample) and 18 in the treatment-as-usual comparison group (86% of original sample) were located and retested. Group differences favoring intervention substantially diluted in this period but varied significantly between subgroups who had received university-superv... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5082379 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5082379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5031025&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21746764%26dopt%3DAbstract This article details a pilot evaluation of a behavioral activation (BA) treatment with eight people presenting with psychosis and marked negative symptoms. The rationale for this development was that BA is effective in treating depression, a condition that shares overlapping features with negative symptoms. Results provide preliminary support for feasibility and effectiveness of BA for negative symptoms in terms of treatment adherence, retention, and initial outcomes. However, additional advantages may accrue from revisions to the BA treatment. PMID: 21746764 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5031025 Sun, 10 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5031025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4887053&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21613240%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karsten AM, Carr JE, Lepper TL The rich technology of stimulus preference assessment (SPA) is a product of 40 years of experimental research. Basic principles of reinforcement and a modest empirical literature suggest that high-preference stimuli identified via SPA may enhance treatment efficacy and decrease problem behavior more effectively than less-preferred stimuli. SPAs can be conducted using one of several methods associated with different time requirements and outcomes. Despite the broad applicability of preference assessments, we are unaware of widely available practitioner guidelines that prescribe when to use SPAs, how to select and modify specific SPA procedures, and how to supplement SPAs with other procedures for maximizing performance. The purpose of the current ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4887053 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 19:38:35 +0100 4887053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4887038&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21613241%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rapp JT, Carroll RA, Stangeland L, Swanson G, Higgins WJ The authors evaluated the extent to which interobserver agreement (IOA) scores, using the block-by-block method for events scored with continuous duration recording (CDR), were higher when the data from the same sessions were converted to discontinuous methods. Sessions with IOA scores of 89% or less with CDR were rescored using 10-s partial interval recording (PIR) and 10-s momentary time sampling (MTS). Results indicated that IOA scores for 10-s PIR and 10-s MTS were consistently higher than IOA scores based on CDR for the same sessions. Specifically, 10-s MTS provided higher overestimations for low-duration events, whereas 10-s PIR produced higher overestimations for moderate- and high-duration events. Implications fo... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4887038 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 19:38:09 +0100 4887038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4857279&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F403%3Frss%3D1 Psychosocial interventions for atypical depression (AD) have been relatively ignored in the clinical research literature, despite evidence that the atypical subtype of major depression is marked by earlier age of onset, longer duration of mood episode, greater symptom severity, and poorer response to pharmacologic treatment. Given the symptom profile of AD, which is characterized by mood reactivity, psychomotor slowing, and interpersonal withdrawal, the authors argue that a behavioral activation (BA) intervention may be particularly well suited to this population. As an initial exploration of this hypothesis, the current study presents preliminary outcome data from 10 outpatients with AD who participated in an open pilot trial of BA over a 16-week period. Overall, results provide encouragi... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4857279 Mon, 23 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4857279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4857278&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F389%3Frss%3D1 The authors evaluated the extent to which interobserver agreement (IOA) scores, using the block-by-block method for events scored with continuous duration recording (CDR), were higher when the data from the same sessions were converted to discontinuous methods. Sessions with IOA scores of 89% or less with CDR were rescored using 10-s partial interval recording (PIR) and 10-s momentary time sampling (MTS). Results indicated that IOA scores for 10-s PIR and 10-s MTS were consistently higher than IOA scores based on CDR for the same sessions. Specifically, 10-s MTS provided higher overestimations for low-duration events, whereas 10-s PIR produced higher overestimations for moderate- and high-duration events. Implications for researchers and clinicians are briefly discussed. (Source: Behavior ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4857278 Mon, 23 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4857278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4857277&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F370%3Frss%3D1 One pressing issue facing parenting interventions for disruptive behaviors of young children is forecasting who will benefit from participation. The purpose of this study was to examine four personal and interpersonal predictors (i.e., parent depressive symptoms, parent education, coparent conflict, and marital status) of engagement (i.e., number of sessions attended) in and child outcome (i.e., problematic behavior) of a parenting group curriculum program targeting young children’s disruptive behaviors. Participants were 39 parents (34 mothers and 5 fathers; M = 38.6 years) who expressed an interest in improving the behavior of their 3- to 6-year-old child (19 females and 20 males; M = 4.50 years). Findings indicated that one baseline personal variable, parent depressive symptoms, p... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4857277 Mon, 23 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4857277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4857276&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F347%3Frss%3D1 The rich technology of stimulus preference assessment (SPA) is a product of 40 years of experimental research. Basic principles of reinforcement and a modest empirical literature suggest that high-preference stimuli identified via SPA may enhance treatment efficacy and decrease problem behavior more effectively than less-preferred stimuli. SPAs can be conducted using one of several methods associated with different time requirements and outcomes. Despite the broad applicability of preference assessments, we are unaware of widely available practitioner guidelines that prescribe when to use SPAs, how to select and modify specific SPA procedures, and how to supplement SPAs with other procedures for maximizing performance. The purpose of the current article is to describe a model for practitio... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4857276 Mon, 23 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4857276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4857275&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F323%3Frss%3D1 This article provides the rationale for using two different treatments targeting body image schema among female smokers. The authors describe the development, feasibility, and acceptability of these two treatment approaches among a sample of female college smokers (N = 24). Preliminary pilot data are presented as well as the significance and implications for future clinical interventions. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4857275 Mon, 23 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4857275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4857274&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F303%3Frss%3D1 With rapid advances in the analysis of data from single-case research designs, the various behavior-change indices, that is, effect sizes, can be confusing. To reduce this confusion, nine effect-size indices are described and compared. Each of these indices examines data nonoverlap between phases. Similarities and differences, both conceptual and computational, are highlighted. Seven of the nine indices are applied to a sample of 200 published time series data sets, to examine their distributions. A generic meta-analytic method is presented for combining nonoverlap indices across multiple data series within complex designs. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4857274 Mon, 23 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4857274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4837859&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21586501%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scharfstein LA, Beidel DC, Rendon Finnell L, Distler A, Carter NT In a randomized trial for children with social phobia (SP), Social Effectiveness Therapy for Children (SET-C; a treatment consisting of exposure and social skills training) and fluoxetine were more effective than pill placebo in reducing social distress and behavioral avoidance, but only SET-C demonstrated significantly improved overall social skill and social competence. In the current study, the authors examined the specific social skills enhanced by SET-C using a recently developed coding schema. At posttreatment, children treated with SET-C displayed a more effective ability to manage the conversational topic (pragmatic social behaviors) and more appropriate motor movement, facial orientation, and posture (p... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4837859 Mon, 16 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4837859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4837858&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21586502%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kovshoff H, Hastings RP, Remington B Evidence from recent meta-analytic and narrative review suggests that early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) may improve life chances of preschool children with autism. Unfortunately, there are few data indicating whether early gains are maintained after intervention ceases. The purpose of the present study was to establish the 2-year follow-up outcome for children with autism (N = 41) who had participated in an earlier 2-year controlled comparison of EIBI. Twenty-three children in the intervention group (100% of original sample) and 18 in the treatment-as-usual comparison group (86% of original sample) were located and retested. Group differences favoring intervention substantially diluted in this period but varied significantly be... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4837858 Mon, 16 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4837858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4732309&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21478243%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined effectiveness of a Group Curriculum (GC) for parents of 3- to 6- year-old children with disruptive behavior. The curriculum is based on the book Parenting the Strong-Willed Child. A total of 39 parents were randomly assigned to the GC condition or a wait-list control condition. Assessments occurred at baseline, postintervention (6 weeks after baseline), and 2-month follow-up. Findings indicated that the GC condition was associated with lower levels of child problem behavior and improved parenting at postintervention relative to the control condition. Parents were also satisfied with the intervention. Uncontrolled 2-month follow-up data suggested that changes were maintained from postintervention to follow-up for all outcome measures. PMID: 21478243 [PubMed - in proc... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4732309 Thu, 21 Apr 2011 05:31:34 +0100 4732309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4732308&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21502132%26dopt%3DAbstract This article provides the rationale for using two different treatments targeting body image schema among female smokers. The authors describe the development, feasibility, and acceptability of these two treatment approaches among a sample of female college smokers (N = 24). Preliminary pilot data are presented as well as the significance and implications for future clinical interventions. PMID: 21502132 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4732308 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4732308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689135&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F3%2F284%3Frss%3D1 Children with autism have significant communication delays. Although some children develop vocalizations through shaping and differential reinforcement, others rarely exhibit vocalizations, and alternative methods are targeted in intervention. However, vocal language often remains a goal for caregivers and clinicians. Thus, strategies to increase frequency of vocalizations are needed. In the present study, the authors examined the effect of extinction of previously acquired signed mands on vocalizations in three children diagnosed with autism. Experiment 1 examined the effects of differential reinforcement of vocalizations and extinction of signed mands combined. In Experiment 1, it was unknown whether the reinforcement of vocalizations alone could have produced the effects; therefore, Exp... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689135 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4689135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689134&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F3%2F265%3Frss%3D1 This study presents a reanalysis of data from Zettle and Rains that compared 12 weeks of group CT with group ACT. For theoretical reasons, Zettle and Rains also included a modified form of CT that did not include distancing, and no intent-to-treat analysis was included. Particularly because that unusual third condition did somewhat better than the full CT package, it contaminated the direct comparison of ACT and CT, which has of late become theoretically interesting. In the present study, data from participants in the ACT and CT conditions were reanalyzed. ACT was shown to produce greater reductions in levels of self-reported depression using an intent-to-treat analysis. Posttreatment levels of cognitive defusion mediated this effect at follow-up. The occurrence of depressogenic thoughts a... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689134 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4689134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689133&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F3%2F252%3Frss%3D1 Two thirds of the adults in the United States are overweight or obese. Binge eating is a barrier to treatment adherence and sustained weight loss, and can be seen as a form of experiential avoidance. The current study analyzed the impact of binge eating on weight reduction in a previously published study of a 1-day acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) workshop (N = 83) and the psychological processes accounting for the binge-eating results. ACT participants reported less binge eating, which in turn significantly mediated changes in weight. Mediation analyses also showed that reductions in binge eating were mediated by changes in experiential avoidance. The study suggests that ACT and its targeted processes of change may be particularly relevant to binge eating, and that targeting bingin... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689133 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4689133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689132&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F3%2F235%3Frss%3D1 This study examined effectiveness of a Group Curriculum (GC) for parents of 3- to 6- year-old children with disruptive behavior. The curriculum is based on the book Parenting the Strong-Willed Child. A total of 39 parents were randomly assigned to the GC condition or a wait-list control condition. Assessments occurred at baseline, postintervention (6 weeks after baseline), and 2-month follow-up. Findings indicated that the GC condition was associated with lower levels of child problem behavior and improved parenting at postintervention relative to the control condition. Parents were also satisfied with the intervention. Uncontrolled 2-month follow-up data suggested that changes were maintained from postintervention to follow-up for all outcome measures. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689132 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4689132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4616292&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21411481%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Parker RI, Vannest KJ, Davis JL With rapid advances in the analysis of data from single-case research designs, the various behavior-change indices, that is, effect sizes, can be confusing. To reduce this confusion, nine effect-size indices are described and compared. Each of these indices examines data nonoverlap between phases. Similarities and differences, both conceptual and computational, are highlighted. Seven of the nine indices are applied to a sample of 200 published time series data sets, to examine their distributions. A generic meta-analytic method is presented for combining nonoverlap indices across multiple data series within complex designs. PMID: 21411481 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4616292 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4616292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4616293&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21398308%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Valentino AL, Shillingsburg AM, Call NA, Burton B, Bowen CN Children with autism have significant communication delays. Although some children develop vocalizations through shaping and differential reinforcement, others rarely exhibit vocalizations, and alternative methods are targeted in intervention. However, vocal language often remains a goal for caregivers and clinicians. Thus, strategies to increase frequency of vocalizations are needed. In the present study, the authors examined the effect of extinction of previously acquired signed mands on vocalizations in three children diagnosed with autism. Experiment 1 examined the effects of differential reinforcement of vocalizations and extinction of signed mands combined. In Experiment 1, it was unknown whether the reinforceme... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4616293 Thu, 10 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4616293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4555569&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21362745%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents a reanalysis of data from Zettle and Rains that compared 12 weeks of group CT with group ACT. For theoretical reasons, Zettle and Rains also included a modified form of CT that did not include distancing, and no intent-to-treat analysis was included. Particularly because that unusual third condition did somewhat better than the full CT package, it contaminated the direct comparison of ACT and CT, which has of late become CT conditions were reanalyzed. ACT was shown to produce greater reductions in levels of self-reported depression using an intent-to-treat analysis. Posttreatment levels of cognitive defusion mediated this effect at follow-up. The occurrence of depressogenic thoughts and level of dysfunctional attitudes did not function as mediators. This study adds addi... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4555569 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4555569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4555468&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21362746%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lillis J, Hayes SC, Levin ME Two thirds of the adults in the United States are overweight or obese. Binge eating is a barrier to treatment adherence and sustained weight loss, and can be seen as a form of experiential avoidance. The current study analyzed the impact of binge eating on weight reduction in a previously published study of a 1-day acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) workshop (N = 83) and the psychological processes accounting for the binge-eating results. ACT participants reported less binge eating, which in turn significantly mediated changes in weight. Mediation analyses also showed that reductions in binge eating were mediated by changes in experiential avoidance. The study suggests that ACT and its targeted processes of change may be particularly relevant ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4555468 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4555468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4501865&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21324944%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lejuez CW, Hopko DR, Acierno R, Daughters SB, Pagoto SL Following from the seminal work of Ferster, Lewinsohn, and Jacobson, as well as theory and research on the Matching Law, Lejuez, Hopko, LePage, Hopko, and McNeil developed a reinforcement-based depression treatment that was brief, uncomplicated, and tied closely to behavioral theory. They called this treatment the brief behavioral activation treatment for depression (BATD), and the original manual was published in this journal. The current manuscript is a revised manual (BATD-R), reflecting key modifications that simplify and clarify key treatment elements, procedures, and treatment forms. Specific modifications include (a) greater emphasis on treatment rationale, including therapeutic alliance; (b) greater clarity regard... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4501865 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 20:00:18 +0100 4501865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4501864&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21324945%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Legenbauer T, Vocks S, Betz S, Báguena Puigcerver MJ, Benecke A, Troje NF, Rüddel H Various components of body image were measured to assess body image disturbances in patients with obesity. To overcome limitations of previous studies, a photo distortion technique and a biological motion distortion device were included to assess static and dynamic aspects of body image. Questionnaires assessed cognitive-affective aspects, bodily attitudes, and eating behavior. Patients with obesity and a binge eating disorder (OBE, n = 15) were compared with patients with obesity only (ONB; n = 15), to determine the nature of any differences in body image disturbances. Both groups had high levels of body image disturbances with cognitive-affective deficits. Binge eating disorder (BED) partic... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4501864 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 20:00:14 +0100 4501864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4501863&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21324946%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brown LA, Gaudiano BA, Miller IW There has been much discussion in the literature recently regarding the conceptual and technical differences between so-called second- (e.g., Beckian cognitive therapy) and third-wave (e.g., acceptance and commitment therapy) behavioral therapies. Previous research has not addressed the potential similarities and differences among the practitioners of these types of approaches. The current study examined possible differences in the characteristics of second-wave (n = 55) and third-wave cognitive-behavioral therapists (n = 33) using an Internet-based survey. There were differences found at the technical level between the two groups. As expected, third-wave therapists reported greater use of mindfulness/acceptance techniques. Also, third-wave the... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4501863 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 20:00:10 +0100 4501863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4501862&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21324947%26dopt%3DAbstract This article describes a current effort to develop a new measure of depression, the functional assessment of depression (FAD), based on behavioral assessment strategies. A factor analysis and cluster analysis were performed in an attempt to identify information provided that might prove useful in treatment planning. Future efforts to explore the incremental validity and treatment utility of the FAD are described. PMID: 21324947 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4501862 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 20:00:07 +0100 4501862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4479676&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F2%2F201%3Frss%3D1 This article describes a current effort to develop a new measure of depression, the functional assessment of depression (FAD), based on behavioral assessment strategies. A factor analysis and cluster analysis were performed in an attempt to identify information provided that might prove useful in treatment planning. Future efforts to explore the incremental validity and treatment utility of the FAD are described. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4479676 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4479676 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4479675&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F2%2F187%3Frss%3D1 There has been much discussion in the literature recently regarding the conceptual and technical differences between so-called second- (e.g., Beckian cognitive therapy) and third-wave (e.g., acceptance and commitment therapy) behavioral therapies. Previous research has not addressed the potential similarities and differences among the practitioners of these types of approaches. The current study examined possible differences in the characteristics of second-wave (n = 55) and third-wave cognitive-behavioral therapists (n = 33) using an Internet-based survey. There were differences found at the technical level between the two groups. As expected, third-wave therapists reported greater use of mindfulness/acceptance techniques. Also, third-wave therapists reported greater use of exposure techn... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4479675 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4479675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4479674&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F2%2F162%3Frss%3D1 Various components of body image were measured to assess body image disturbances in patients with obesity. To overcome limitations of previous studies, a photo distortion technique and a biological motion distortion device were included to assess static and dynamic aspects of body image. Questionnaires assessed cognitive-affective aspects, bodily attitudes, and eating behavior. Patients with obesity and a binge eating disorder (OBE, n = 15) were compared with patients with obesity only (ONB; n = 15), to determine the nature of any differences in body image disturbances. Both groups had high levels of body image disturbances with cognitive-affective deficits. Binge eating disorder (BED) participants also had perceptual difficulties (static only). Both groups reported high importance of weig... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4479674 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4479674 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4479673&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F2%2F111%3Frss%3D1 Following from the seminal work of Ferster, Lewinsohn, and Jacobson, as well as theory and research on the Matching Law, Lejuez, Hopko, LePage, Hopko, and McNeil developed a reinforcement-based depression treatment that was brief, uncomplicated, and tied closely to behavioral theory. They called this treatment the brief behavioral activation treatment for depression (BATD), and the original manual was published in this journal. The current manuscript is a revised manual (BATD-R), reflecting key modifications that simplify and clarify key treatment elements, procedures, and treatment forms. Specific modifications include (a) greater emphasis on treatment rationale, including therapeutic alliance; (b) greater clarity regarding life areas, values, and activities; (c) simplified (and fewer) tr... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4479673 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4479673 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289628&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21177516%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tortella-Feliu M, Botella C, Llabrés J, Bretón-López JM, Del Amo AR, Baños RM, Gelabert JM Evidence is growing that two modalities of computer-based exposure therapies-virtual reality and computer-aided psychotherapy-are effective in treating anxiety disorders, including fear of flying. However, they have not yet been directly compared. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of three computer-based exposure treatments for fear of flying: virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), computer-aided exposure with a therapist's (CAE-T) assistance throughout exposure sessions, and self-administered computer-aided exposure (CAE-SA). A total of 60 participants with flying phobia were randomly assigned to VRET, CAE-T, or CAE-SA. Results indicate that the three interventions... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289628 Mon, 27 Dec 2010 10:57:47 +0100 4289628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289593&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21177517%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brown LA, Forman EM, Herbert JD, Hoffman KL, Yuen EK, Goetter EM Many university students suffer from test anxiety that is severe enough to impair performance. Given mixed efficacy results of previous cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) trials and a theoretically driven rationale, an acceptance-based behavior therapy (ABBT) approach was compared to traditional CBT (i.e., Beckian cognitive therapy; CT) for the treatment of test anxiety. In this pilot study, 16 university students with test anxiety were randomly assigned to receive either a CT or ABBT 2-hr group workshop. The two treatments produced markedly different effects on test performance (measured by exam scores), with those receiving ABBT experiencing improvements in performance, whereas those receiving CT exhibited reduce... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289593 Mon, 27 Dec 2010 10:36:34 +0100 4289593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289574&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21177518%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined possible mechanisms of change that account for the stress reduction effects of this parenting skills training at the work-family interface. It was hypothesized that reductions in dysfunctional parenting (DP) behavior and increases in parental self-efficacy would mediate the stress-reducing effects of WPTP. The mediator effects were analyzed in a German pre- and postcompleter sample (N = 97 parents; 74 mothers and 23 fathers; treatment condition: n = 42 parents; waitlist-control condition n = 55 parents). The results indicate that individual stress- (IS) level reductions were mediated by decreased levels of DP. In addition, changes in IS levels mediated the effects of the training on work-related stress. The discussion focuses on the importance of understanding mechanism... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289574 Mon, 27 Dec 2010 09:00:24 +0100 4289574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289520&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21177519%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baranek A, Fienup DM, Pace G The purpose of this study was to examine utility of a brief experimental analysis (BEA) in determining effective sight word interventions for a student with a history of difficulty with acquiring sight word recognition. Ten interventions were compared in a BEA. Following the BEA, an extended analysis was conducted that compared the two most effective interventions (from the BEA) with a control condition. Even though the BEA found two interventions to be relatively equal, one of the two interventions resulted in acquisition in half the sessions as the other intervention and this was replicated in a second extended analysis. Implications for BEA and recommendations for future research are discussed. PMID: 21177519 [PubMed - in process] (Source: B... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289520 Mon, 27 Dec 2010 05:24:59 +0100 4289520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289511&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21177520%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kleinman KE, Saigh PA The efficacy of the Good Behavior Game was examined in a multiethnic New York City public high school. Classroom rules were posted and students were divided into two teams. A reinforcement preference questionnaire was used to select daily and weekly prizes. The classroom teacher indicated that he was going to place a check on the board after every rule infraction as he named rule violators and their infractions. Students were also told that the team with the fewest marks at the end of each day would become the daily winners and receive prizes. They were also told that the team with the fewest marks for the week would be recognized as the weekly winners and receive additional prizes. The rate of disruptive behavior was charted across four treatment phases ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289511 Mon, 27 Dec 2010 02:59:57 +0100 4289511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4279396&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F1%2F95%3Frss%3D1 The efficacy of the Good Behavior Game was examined in a multiethnic New York City public high school. Classroom rules were posted and students were divided into two teams. A reinforcement preference questionnaire was used to select daily and weekly prizes. The classroom teacher indicated that he was going to place a check on the board after every rule infraction as he named rule violators and their infractions. Students were also told that the team with the fewest marks at the end of each day would become the daily winners and receive prizes. They were also told that the team with the fewest marks for the week would be recognized as the weekly winners and receive additional prizes. The rate of disruptive behavior was charted across four treatment phases using a reversal design. The game p... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4279396 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4279396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4279395&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F1%2F78%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to examine utility of a brief experimental analysis (BEA) in determining effective sight word interventions for a student with a history of difficulty with acquiring sight word recognition. Ten interventions were compared in a BEA. Following the BEA, an extended analysis was conducted that compared the two most effective interventions (from the BEA) with a control condition. Even though the BEA found two interventions to be relatively equal, one of the two interventions resulted in acquisition in half the sessions as the other intervention and this was replicated in a second extended analysis. Implications for BEA and recommendations for future research are discussed. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4279395 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4279395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4279394&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F1%2F54%3Frss%3D1 This study examined possible mechanisms of change that account for the stress reduction effects of this parenting skills training at the work—family interface. It was hypothesized that reductions in dysfunctional parenting (DP) behavior and increases in parental self-efficacy would mediate the stress-reducing effects of WPTP. The mediator effects were analyzed in a German pre- and postcompleter sample (N = 97 parents; 74 mothers and 23 fathers; treatment condition: n = 42 parents; waitlist-control condition n = 55 parents). The results indicate that individual stress- (IS) level reductions were mediated by decreased levels of DP. In addition, changes in IS levels mediated the effects of the training on work-related stress. The discussion focuses on the importance of understanding mec... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4279394 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4279394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4279393&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F1%2F31%3Frss%3D1 Many university students suffer from test anxiety that is severe enough to impair performance. Given mixed efficacy results of previous cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) trials and a theoretically driven rationale, an acceptance-based behavior therapy (ABBT) approach was compared to traditional CBT (i.e., Beckian cognitive therapy; CT) for the treatment of test anxiety. In this pilot study, 16 university students with test anxiety were randomly assigned to receive either a CT or ABBT 2-hr group workshop. The two treatments produced markedly different effects on test performance (measured by exam scores), with those receiving ABBT experiencing improvements in performance, whereas those receiving CT exhibited reduced performance. In addition, there was a suggestion that ABBT might have been m... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4279393 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4279393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4279392&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 Evidence is growing that two modalities of computer-based exposure therapies—virtual reality and computer-aided psychotherapy—are effective in treating anxiety disorders, including fear of flying. However, they have not yet been directly compared. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of three computer-based exposure treatments for fear of flying: virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), computer-aided exposure with a therapist’s (CAE-T) assistance throughout exposure sessions, and self-administered computer-aided exposure (CAE-SA). A total of 60 participants with flying phobia were randomly assigned to VRET, CAE-T, or CAE-SA. Results indicate that the three interventions were effective in reducing fear of flying at posttreatment and at 1-year follow-up; furth... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4279392 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4279392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4072538&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20935234%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matson JL, Neal D, Fodstad JC, Hess JA, Mahan S, Rivet TT Social skills are an important part of development, and deficits in this area have long-term impacts on a child. As a result, clinicians should include a measure of social skills as part of a comprehensive assessment. There are a few well-researched measures of social skills that are currently used, including the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY). The MESSY has been translated and studied internationally in more than nine countries; however, updated norms for the United States have not been conducted since the inception of the measure. The purpose of this article is to examine the psychometric properties of the MESSY using an updated norm sample and age cohorts. Overall results indicated strong ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4072538 Sat, 16 Oct 2010 15:15:34 +0100 4072538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4052307&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F6%2F539%3Frss%3D1 Social skills are an important part of development, and deficits in this area have long-term impacts on a child. As a result, clinicians should include a measure of social skills as part of a comprehensive assessment. There are a few well-researched measures of social skills that are currently used, including the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY). The MESSY has been translated and studied internationally in more than nine countries; however, updated norms for the United States have not been conducted since the inception of the measure. The purpose of this article is to examine the psychometric properties of the MESSY using an updated norm sample and age cohorts. Overall results indicated strong internal consistency and good to strong convergent and divergent validi... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4052307 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 21:04:30 +0100 4052307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4052306&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F6%2F520%3Frss%3D1 Using two modes of intervention delivery, the present study compared the effects of a cognitive defusion strategy with a thought distraction strategy on the emotional discomfort and believability of negative self-referential thoughts. One mode of intervention delivery consisted of a clinical rationale and training (i.e., Partial condition). The other mode contained a condition-specific experiential exercise with the negative self-referential thought in addition to the clinical rationale and training (i.e., Full condition). Nonclinical undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of five protocols: Partial-Defusion, Full-Defusion, Partial-Distraction, Full-Distraction, and a distraction-based experimental control task. The Full-Defusion condition reduced the emotional discomfort and believa... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4052306 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 21:04:30 +0100 4052306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4052305&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F6%2F503%3Frss%3D1 This study explores whether EA mediates the relationship between maladaptive coping styles (palliative, avoidance, and passive coping) and psychopathology and positive mental health. A total of 93 adults with mild to moderate psychological distress completed measures assessing coping styles, psychopathology (depression, anxiety, and alcohol use), and mental health (emotional, psychological, and social well-being). Results showed that EA mediated the effects of passive coping on both increased anxiety and depression and decreased emotional and psychological well-being. These results suggest that a person who is prone to use EA or has learned EA in stressful situations has a higher risk of developing psychopathology and lower mental health.This indicates that early interventions that aim at ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4052305 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 21:04:30 +0100 4052305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4052304&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F6%2F479%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the effects of presession exposure to attention, response blocking, attention with response blocking, and noninteraction conditions on subsequent engagement in automatically maintained challenging behavior and correct responding in four individuals with significant intellectual disabilities. Following a functional analysis, the effects of the four presession conditions were examined using multielement designs. Results varied across the 4 participants (e.g., presession noninteraction acted as an abolishing operation for 2 participants, but as an establishing operation for the other 2 participants). As such, both the results replicated and contradicted previous research examining the effects of motivating operations on automatically maintained challenging behavior. Althou... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4052304 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 21:04:30 +0100 4052304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4042922&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F459%3Frss%3D1 This article discusses some of the perceived obstacles to writing for publication and how to overcome them by implementing a performance enhancement plan. By following a few basic guidelines, practitioners can write productively, publish their work successfully, and contribute meaningful findings, opinions, and recommendations to the professional community. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4042922 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 17:25:24 +0100 4042922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4042921&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F443%3Frss%3D1 This article describes a multiyear project that integrated behavior analytic services into an adult day program for individuals with dementia and problematic behavior. A comprehensive practicum system was developed to provide assessment and treatment services that allowed consumers with problem behavior to remain successfully served in adult day programming while postponing out-of-home nursing home care. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4042921 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 17:25:24 +0100 4042921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4042920&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F415%3Frss%3D1 This article provides a behavioral systems approach to improve operational performance in health and human service organizations. This article provides six performance truths that are relevant to any organization and a case study from a community mental health network of agencies. A comprehensive analysis, as described here, will help health and human service leaders identify the critical areas in which to focus improvement efforts to better achieve their organizational mission. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4042920 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 17:25:24 +0100 4042920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4042919&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F403%3Frss%3D1 This study evaluated a systematic training program for teaching applied behavior analysis knowledge competencies to newly hired direct-care employees at a day and residential habilitation services agency for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Three content areas—measurement, behavior support, and skill acquisition—were trained in a group format using Powerpoint® presentations that featured didactic instruction, practice exercises, and video demonstrations. The employees completed an assessment of knowledge test before and after training in each content area. Across five training groups, the average correct posttraining test scores were consistently higher than pretraining test scores. A social validity assessment revealed that the employees judged the ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4042919 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 17:25:24 +0100 4042919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4042918&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F386%3Frss%3D1 The popularity of sport psychology, both as an academic discipline and an applied practice, has grown substantially over the past two decades. Few within the realm of competitive athletics would argue with the importance of being mentally prepared prior to an athletic competition as well as the need to maintain that particular mindset during a competitive contest. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that many athletes, coaches, and sporting administrators are still quite reluctant to seek out the services of a qualified sport psychologist, even if they believe it could help. One of the primary reasons for this hesitation appears to be a lack of understanding about the process and the mechanisms by which these mental skills affect performance. Unlike the "harder sciences" of sport physi... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4042918 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 17:25:24 +0100 4042918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4042917&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F367%3Frss%3D1 This article discusses possible sources of stimulus control and the potential for reactivity on the part of the teachers being observed when integrity observations are conducted in scalloped patterns. The authors conclude with a discussion on possible procedures to support the distributed collection of integrity data in applied setting. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4042917 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 17:25:24 +0100 4042917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4042916&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F338%3Frss%3D1 Additive effects of publicly posting individual feedback following group goal-setting and feedback were evaluated. The turn-signal use of pizza deliverers was studied in a multiple baseline design across two pizza stores. After baseline observations, pizza deliverers voted on a group turn-signal goal and then received 4 weeks of group feedback on their turn-signal use (i.e., group feedback phase). Then, for the next 4 weeks, individual turn-signal use means were publicly posted along with the group feedback (i.e., individual feedback phase). Deliverers at Store A (n = 24) increased their use of turn signals from a mean of 5% during baseline to 16.9% during the group feedback phase and then to 30% during the individual feedback phase. Turn-signal use at Store B (n = 20) increased from 28.9%... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4042916 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 17:25:24 +0100 4042916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4042915&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F34%2F5%2F335%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4042915 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 17:25:24 +0100 4042915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4072531&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20935238%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ludwig TD, Geller ES, Clarke SW Additive effects of publicly posting individual feedback following group goal-setting and feedback were evaluated. The turn-signal use of pizza deliverers was studied in a multiple baseline design across two pizza stores. After baseline observations, pizza deliverers voted on a group turn-signal goal and then received 4 weeks of group feedback on their turn-signal use (i.e., group feedback phase). Then, for the next 4 weeks, individual turn-signal use means were publicly posted along with the group feedback (i.e., individual feedback phase). Deliverers at Store A (n = 24) increased their use of turn signals from a mean of 5% during baseline to 16.9% during the group feedback phase and then to 30% during the individual feedback phase. Turn-signal... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4072531 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4072531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4072523&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20935239%26dopt%3DAbstract This article discusses possible sources of stimulus control and the potential for reactivity on the part of the teachers being observed when integrity observations are conducted in scalloped patterns. The authors conclude with a discussion on possible procedures to support the distributed collection of integrity data in applied setting. PMID: 20935239 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4072523 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4072523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4072491&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20935240%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gee CJ The popularity of sport psychology, both as an academic discipline and an applied practice, has grown substantially over the past two decades. Few within the realm of competitive athletics would argue with the importance of being mentally prepared prior to an athletic competition as well as the need to maintain that particular mindset during a competitive contest. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that many athletes, coaches, and sporting administrators are still quite reluctant to seek out the services of a qualified sport psychologist, even if they believe it could help. One of the primary reasons for this hesitation appears to be a lack of understanding about the process and the mechanisms by which these mental skills affect performance. Unlike the "harder scie... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4072491 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4072491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4072471&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20935241%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluated a systematic training program for teaching applied behavior analysis knowledge competencies to newly hired direct-care employees at a day and residential habilitation services agency for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Three content areas--measurement, behavior support, and skill acquisition--were trained in a group format using Powerpoint® presentations that featured didactic instruction, practice exercises, and video demonstrations. The employees completed an assessment of knowledge test before and after training in each content area. Across five training groups, the average correct posttraining test scores were consistently higher than pretraining test scores. A social validity assessment revealed that the employees judged the training prog... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4072471 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4072471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4072441&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20935242%26dopt%3DAbstract This article provides a behavioral systems approach to improve operational performance in health and human service organizations. This article provides six performance truths that are relevant to any organization and a case study from a community mental health network of agencies. A comprehensive analysis, as described here, will help health and human service leaders identify the critical areas in which to focus improvement efforts to better achieve their organizational mission. PMID: 20935242 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4072441 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4072441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4072440&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20935243%26dopt%3DAbstract This article describes a multiyear project that integrated behavior analytic services into an adult day program for individuals with dementia and problematic behavior. A comprehensive practicum system was developed to provide assessment and treatment services that allowed consumers with problem behavior to remain successfully served in adult day programming while postponing out-of-home nursing home care. PMID: 20935243 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4072440 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4072440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4072425&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20935244%26dopt%3DAbstract This article discusses some of the perceived obstacles to writing for publication and how to overcome them by implementing a performance enhancement plan. By following a few basic guidelines, practitioners can write productively, publish their work successfully, and contribute meaningful findings, opinions, and recommendations to the professional community. PMID: 20935244 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4072425 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4072425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3831690&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20689153%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Masuda A, Feinstein AB, Wendell JW, Sheehan ST Using two modes of intervention delivery, the present study compared the effects of a cognitive defusion strategy with a thought distraction strategy on the emotional discomfort and believability of negative self-referential thoughts. One mode of intervention delivery consisted of a clinical rationale and training (i.e., Partial condition). The other mode contained a condition-specific experiential exercise with the negative self-referential thought in addition to the clinical rationale and training (i.e., Full condition). Nonclinical undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of five protocols: Partial-Defusion, Full-Defusion, Partial-Distraction, Full-Distraction, and a distraction-based experimental control task. The Full-Def... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3831690 Wed, 04 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3831690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3799696&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20660927%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the effects of presession exposure to attention, response blocking, attention with response blocking, and noninteraction conditions on subsequent engagement in automatically maintained challenging behavior and correct responding in four individuals with significant intellectual disabilities. Following a functional analysis, the effects of the four presession conditions were examined using multielement designs. Results varied across the 4 participants (e.g., presession noninteraction acted as an abolishing operation for 2 participants, but as an establishing operation for the other 2 participants). As such,both the results replicated and contradicted previous research examining the effects of motivating operations on automatically maintained challenging behavior. Althoug... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3799696 Sun, 25 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3799696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3799697&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20660354%26dopt%3DAbstract This study explores whether EA mediates the relationship between maladaptive coping styles (palliative, avoidance, and passive coping) and psychopathology and positive mental health. A total of 93 adults with mild to moderate psychological distress completed measures assessing coping styles, psychopathology (depression, anxiety, and alcohol use), and mental health (emotional, psychological, and social well-being). Results showed that EA mediated the effects of passive coping on both increased anxiety and depression and decreased emotional and psychological well-being. These results suggest that a person who is prone to use EA or has learned EA in stressful situations has a higher risk of developing psychopathology and lower mental health. This indicates that early interventions that aim at... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3799697 Tue, 20 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3799697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687634&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20562321%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lang R, O'Reilly M, Sigafoos J, Machalicek W, Rispoli M, Lancioni GE, Aguilar J, Fragale C The purpose of this study was to reduce stereotypy and challenging behavior during play skills instruction by adding an abolishing operation component (AOC) to the intervention strategy. An alternating treatments design compared one condition in which participants were allowed to engage in stereotypy freely before beginning the play skills intervention (AOC condition) to a second condition without this free access period (No AOC condition). Across 4 participants with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), levels of stereotypy and challenging behavior were lower and functional play was higher during play intervention sessions that followed the AOC. These data provided support for the inclusion ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687634 Wed, 23 Jun 2010 14:03:17 +0100 3687634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687633&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20562322%26dopt%3DAbstract This article suggested that taking the TV out of the bedroom may help to reduce overweight and obese adults can decrease their TV viewing time. PMID: 20562322 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687633 Wed, 23 Jun 2010 14:03:14 +0100 3687633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687632&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20562323%26dopt%3DAbstract This study assessed a simple behavioral strategy for reducing stereotypic tongue protrusion and forward head tilting displayed by a woman and a man with severe to profound intellectual disabilities. The strategy involved (a) auditory prompting (i.e., verbal encouragement to keep the tongue in the mouth or the head upright) delivered automatically at fixed intervals via a portable device, and (b) social approval delivered by a research assistant at adjustable intervals for the absence of the inappropriate behavior. The intervals arranged for the delivery of approval were extended if the inappropriate behavior occurred in concomitance with the expected delivery. Data showed that the intervention strategy was effective in reducing the stereotypic tongue protrusion and forward head tilting. Th... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687632 Wed, 23 Jun 2010 14:03:10 +0100 3687632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687631&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20562324%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Busch AM, Uebelacker LA, Kalibatseva Z, Miller IW The aim of this study was to develop and validate an observer-based coding system for the characterization and completion of homework assignments during Behavioral Activation (BA). Existing measures of homework completion are generally unsophisticated, and there is no current measure of homework completion designed to capture the particularities of BA. The tested scale sought to capture the type of assignment, realm of functioning targeted, extent of completion, and assignment difficulty. Homework assignments were drawn from 12 (mean age = 48, 83% female) clients in two trials of a 10-session BA manual targeting treatment-resistant depression in primary care. The two coders demonstrated acceptable or better reliability on most ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687631 Wed, 23 Jun 2010 14:03:07 +0100 3687631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674441&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F310%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to develop and validate an observer-based coding system for the characterization and completion of homework assignments during Behavioral Activation (BA). Existing measures of homework completion are generally unsophisticated, and there is no current measure of homework completion designed to capture the particularities of BA. The tested scale sought to capture the type of assignment, realm of functioning targeted, extent of completion, and assignment difficulty. Homework assignments were drawn from 12 (mean age = 48, 83% female) clients in two trials of a 10-session BA manual targeting treatment-resistant depression in primary care. The two coders demonstrated acceptable or better reliability on most codes, and unreliable codes were dropped from the proposed scal... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674441 Fri, 18 Jun 2010 16:58:53 +0100 3674441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674440&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F299%3Frss%3D1 This study assessed a simple behavioral strategy for reducing stereotypic tongue protrusion and forward head tilting displayed by a woman and a man with severe to profound intellectual disabilities. The strategy involved (a) auditory prompting (i.e., verbal encouragements to keep the tongue in the mouth or the head upright) delivered automatically at fixed intervals via a portable device, and (b) social approval delivered by a research assistant at adjustable intervals for the absence of the inappropriate behavior. The intervals arranged for the delivery of approval were extended if the inappropriate behavior occurred in concomitance with the expected delivery. Data showed that the intervention strategy was effective in reducing the stereotypic tongue protrusion and forward head tilting. T... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674440 Fri, 18 Jun 2010 16:58:53 +0100 3674440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674439&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F290%3Frss%3D1 This article suggested that taking the TV out of the bedroom may help to reduce overweight and obese adults can decrease their TV viewing time. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674439 Fri, 18 Jun 2010 16:58:53 +0100 3674439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674438&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F267%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to reduce stereotypy and challenging behavior during play skills instruction by adding an abolishing operation component (AOC) to the intervention strategy. An alternating treatments design compared one condition in which participants were allowed to engage in stereotypy freely before beginning the play skills intervention (AOC condition) to a second condition without this free access period (No AOC condition). Across 4 participants with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), levels of stereotypy and challenging behavior were lower and functional play was higher during play intervention sessions that followed the AOC. These data provided support for the inclusion of an AOC in interventions aimed at increasing the play skills of children with ASD who present with ste... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674438 Fri, 18 Jun 2010 16:58:53 +0100 3674438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3575609&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F3%2F247%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of Vinyasa yoga as an adjunctive treatment for depressed patients who were not responding adequately to antidepressant medication. The authors also planned to ask participants for qualitative feedback on their experience of the class and to assess change over time in depression and in possible mediating variables. The authors recruited 11 participants in 1 month for an 8-week open trial of yoga classes. They found that 10 participants completed follow-up assessments, 9 of 10 were positive about their experience, and all provided feedback about what was and was not helpful about yoga, as well as barriers to class attendance. Over the 2-month period, participants exhibited significant decreases in depression symptoms and s... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3575609 Tue, 18 May 2010 22:48:17 +0100 3575609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3575608&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F3%2F219%3Frss%3D1 The current study aimed to develop a measure for assessing the various motivations for sexual risk behavior (SRB) across commercial (involving the exchange of sex for money or drugs) and casual (nonregular) partners in a sample of inner-city, primarily African American drug users, and to examine the relationship of these motivations with a history of childhood trauma, as well as current symptoms of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Exploratory factor analysis indicated a 5-factor solution for commercial partner type, and a 4-factor solution for casual partner type, including the motivations of sexual sensation-seeking, intimacy seeking, reassurance-seeking, emotional avoidance, and emotional expressivity. Emotional avoidance and em... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3575608 Tue, 18 May 2010 22:48:17 +0100 3575608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3575607&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F3%2F195%3Frss%3D1 The current study proposes a new procedure for separately estimating slope change and level change between two adjacent phases in single-case designs. The procedure eliminates baseline trend from the whole data series before assessing treatment effectiveness. The steps necessary to obtain the estimates are presented in detail, explained, and illustrated. A simulation study is carried out to explore the bias and precision of the estimators and compare them to an analytical procedure matching the data simulation model. The experimental conditions include 2 data generation models, several degrees of serial dependence, trend, and level and/or slope change. The results suggest that the level and slope change estimates provided by the procedure are unbiased for all levels of serial dependence te... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3575607 Tue, 18 May 2010 22:48:17 +0100 3575607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3487752&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20400694%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Uebelacker LA, Tremont G, Epstein-Lubow G, Gaudiano BA, Gillette T, Kalibatseva Z, Miller IW The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of Vinyasa yoga as an adjunctive treatment for depressed patients who were not responding adequately to antidepressant medication. The authors also planned to ask participants for qualitative feedback on their experience of the class and to assess change over time in depression and in possible mediating variables. The authors recruited 11 participants in 1 month for an 8-week open trial of yoga classes. They found that 10 participants completed follow-up assessments, 9 of 10 were positive about their experience, and all provided feedback about what was and was not helpful about yoga, as well as barriers to class atte... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3487752 Thu, 15 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3487752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3425305&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20348275%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bornovalova MA, Daughters SB, Lejuez CW The current study aimed to develop a measure for assessing the various motivations for sexual risk behavior (SRB) across commercial (involving the exchange of sex for money or drugs) and casual (nonregular) partners in a sample of inner-city, primarily African American drug users, and to examine the relationship of these motivations with a history of childhood trauma, as well as current symptoms of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Exploratory factor analysis indicated a 5-factor solution for commercial partner type, and a 4-factor solution for casual partner type, including the motivations of sexual sensation-seeking, intimacy seeking, reassurance-seeking, emotional avoidance, a... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3425305 Fri, 26 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3425305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3393070&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F34%2F2%2F191%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3393070 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 16:27:56 +0100 3393070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3393069&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F175%3Frss%3D1 Previous research has indicated that although eating pathology is prevalent in college populations, both CBT and non-CBT-based therapies achieve only limited effectiveness. The current study examined several questions related to the treatment of eating pathology within the context of a larger randomized controlled trial that compared standard CBT (i.e., Beck’s cognitive therapy; CT) with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT; Hayes, 2004).The results indicated that the two treatments were differentially effective at reducing eating pathology. Specifically, CT produced modest decreases in eating pathology whereas ACT produced large decreases. In addition, a weaker suggestion emerged that ACT was more effective than CT at increasing clinician-rated global functioning among those with ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3393069 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 16:27:56 +0100 3393069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3393068&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F164%3Frss%3D1 Vasovagal sensations (e.g., dizziness, nausea, and fainting) are one of the main reasons people find blood donation unpleasant. A better understanding of predictors of vasovagal sensations during blood donation could inform interventions designed to increase donor return rates. The present investigation examined the extent to which experience with blood donation and vasovagal sensations during blood donation uniquely predict the likelihood of donor return, even when controlling for affective expectancies. Participants presenting at community blood drives indicated how many times they have given blood and provided ratings of expected anxiety, pain, disgust, as well as fear of fainting before giving blood. After donating, participants completed a measure of vasovagal sensations experienced d... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3393068 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 16:27:56 +0100 3393068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3393067&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F145%3Frss%3D1 Despite their formal dissimilarity, problem behaviors (e.g., substance misuse, binge eating, self-harm) may share a common function. According to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), this shared function is Experiential Avoidance, the process of avoiding, escaping or otherwise altering unwanted private events (e.g., thoughts, feelings, memories) and the contexts that elicit them. Structural Equation Modeling was used cross-sectionally with data from a clinical opportunity sample ( N = 290) to test (a) whether problem behavior covariance was associated with experiential avoidance, and (b) whether experiential avoidance mediated the relationships between historical and dispositional risk factors (childhood trauma and negative affect intensity, respectively) and the tendency to engage in ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3393067 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 16:27:56 +0100 3393067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3393066&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F120%3Frss%3D1 Latinos demonstrate high rates of depression, often do not seek treatment, and terminate prematurely for a variety of reasons, including lack of sensitivity to contextual and cultural factors in treatment approaches. For decades researchers have suggested a behavioral approach to Latinos diagnosed with depression because such an approach targets the complex environmental stressors experienced by these populations with a simple, pragmatic approach. Recently, behavioral activation has been culturally and linguistically adapted for Latinos/Latinas diagnosed with depression (BA-Latino or BAL). The current study consists of a pilot evaluation of BAL at a bilingual (Spanish—English) community mental health clinic (N = 10 Latinas). Results provide preliminary support for the feasibility and... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3393066 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 16:27:56 +0100 3393066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3393065&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F94%3Frss%3D1 This study aimed to isolate the conditions under which aversive stimulation is experienced as more or less discomforting/unpleasant. Discomfort was induced by playing loud noises through headphones while participants performed computer tasks. We employed 4 main conditions. Condition 1: the acceptance-based protocol (ACT), intended to integrate discomfort in a valued direction, was implemented before the Inclusion Task (task performance could continue despite the presence of the noise). Subsequently, the experiential avoidance-based protocol (EA), intended to promote a relation of opposition between discomfort and valued actions, was implemented before the Opposition Task (task performance was suspended until the participants eliminated the sounds). Condition 2: this order was reversed. Con... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3393065 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 16:27:56 +0100 3393065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3393064&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F79%3Frss%3D1 This study examines the relationship between a critical learning outcome of behavioral fluency and endurance, by comparing the effects of two practice procedures on multiplication facts two through nine. The first procedure, called whole time practice trial, consisted of an uninterrupted 1 minute practice time. The second procedure, endurance building practice trials, had three 20 second practice trials. A total of 3 students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder participated. Results indicated that multiplication facts with the endurance building practice trials produced more efficient learning when compared to the whole time practice trial procedure for all 3 participants. Additionally, results show that even with the amount of practice time being equal, 1 minute in both conditio... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3393064 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 16:27:56 +0100 3393064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3378109&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20234005%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Solanas A, Manolov R, Onghena P The current study proposes a new procedure for separately estimating slope change and level change between two adjacent phases in single-case designs. The procedure eliminates baseline trend from the whole data series before assessing treatment effectiveness. The steps necessary to obtain the estimates are presented in detail, explained, and illustrated. A simulation study is carried out to explore the bias and precision of the estimators and compare them to an analytical procedure matching the data simulation model. The experimental conditions include 2 data generation models, several degrees of serial dependence, trend, and level and/or slope change. The results suggest that the level and slope change estimates provided by the procedure are un... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3378109 Tue, 16 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3378109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3307585&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20176914%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kanter JW, Santiago-Rivera AL, Rusch LC, Busch AM, West P Latinos demonstrate high rates of depression, often do not seek treatment, and terminate prematurely for a variety of reasons, including lack of sensitivity to contextual and cultural factors in treatment approaches. For decades researchers have suggested a behavioral approach to Latinos diagnosed with depression because such an approach targets the complex environmental stressors experienced by these populations with a simple, pragmatic approach. Recently, behavioral activation has been culturally and linguistically adapted for Latinos/Latinas diagnosed with depression (BA-Latino or BAL). The current study consists of a pilot evaluation of BAL at a bilingual (Spanish-English) community mental health clinic (N = 10 Lati... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3307585 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3307585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3144518&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F1%2F57%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the Parenting the Strong-Willed Child (PSWC) book as a self-directed program for parents of 3- to 6-year-olds. Fifty-two parents were randomly assigned to PSWC or a comparison book, Touchpoints: Three to Six. Assessments occurred at baseline, postintervention (6 weeks after baseline), and 2-month follow-up. The findings indicated both books, but particularly PSWC, were associated with lower levels of child problem behavior after intervention. PSWC was associated with greater decreases in child problem behaviors on certain measures when amount of reading completed was taken into account. Parents reading PSWC reported that they were satisfied with the book and found the book useful and easy to implement. The findings are discussed in the contexts of both the percentage of... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3144518 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 17:38:37 +0100 3144518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3144517&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F1%2F35%3Frss%3D1 Mealtime observations were conducted and occurrences of appropriate and inappropriate mealtime behavior and various forms of parental attention (e.g., coaxing, reprimands) were recorded for 25 children admitted to an intensive feeding program and their parents. Using the data from the observations, lag sequential analyses were conducted to identify changes in the probability of child appropriate and inappropriate mealtime behavior before and after various forms of parental attention. A combination of univariate and repeated measures ANOVAs using frequency of child behavior were also conducted to corroborate conclusions drawn from the visual analysis of individual participant data. Results showed that parental attention was frequently followed by temporary decreases in inappropriate mealtim... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3144517 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 17:38:37 +0100 3144517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3144516&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F1%2F16%3Frss%3D1 Data from Norway were analyzed to evaluate early behavioral intervention for children with intellectual disabilities. The intervention group (n = 11) received approximately 10 hours per week of behavioral intervention; the eclectic comparison group (n = 14) received treatment as usual. After 1 year, changes in intelligence and adaptive behavior scores were statistically significant in favor of the behavioral intervention group (effect sizes of 1.13 for Intelligence quotient (IQ) change and .95 for change in adaptive behavior composite). Approximately 64% of the children in the behavioral intervention group met objective criteria for reliable change in IQ, whereas 14% in the eclectic comparison group did so. These results suggest that children with intellectual disability may profit from be... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3144516 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 17:38:37 +0100 3144516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3144515&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 The present cross-sectional study investigated the relation among disordered eating-related cognition, psychological flexibility, and poor psychological outcomes among a nonclinical college sample. As predicted, conviction of disordered eating-related cognitions was positively associated with general psychological ill-health and emotional distress in interpersonal contexts. Disordered eating-related cognition was also inversely related to psychological flexibility, which was inversely related to poor psychological health and emotional distress in interpersonal contexts. The combination of disordered eating-related cognition and psychological flexibility accounted for the proportion of variance of these poor psychological outcomes greater than disordered eating-related cognition alone. Fina... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3144515 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 17:38:37 +0100 3144515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3014351&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F855%3Frss%3D1 This research addressed the need for trained child care staff to support optimal early social-emotional development in urban, low-income, ethnic minority children. We evaluated effectiveness of Teacher-Child Interaction Training (TCIT), an approach adapted from Eyberg’s Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). TCIT focuses on increasing preschool teachers’ positive attention skills and consistent discipline in order to enhance children’s psychosocial functioning and prevent mental health problems. A total of 12 teachers participated in small-group workshop sessions with in vivo coaching on their use of skills in the classroom. A multiple-baseline design across four classrooms (3 teachers each) evaluated effects of training on teacher behaviors during weekly classroom obse... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3014351 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 20:49:33 +0100 3014351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3014350&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F830%3Frss%3D1 This article explores the efficacy of virtual environments representing situations that are emotionally significant to patients with eating disorders (ED) to modify depression and anxiety levels both in these patients and in controls. Eighty-five ED patients and 108 students were randomly exposed to five experimental virtual environments (a kitchen with low-calorie food, a kitchen with high-calorie food, a restaurant with high-calorie food, a restaurant with low-calorie food, and a swimming-pool) and to one neutral environment. In the interval between the presentation of each situation, anxiety and depressed mood were assessed. Results of several repeated measures analyses demonstrated that patients show higher levels of anxiety and a more depressed mood after eating, especially high-calor... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3014350 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 20:49:33 +0100 3014350 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3014349&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F818%3Frss%3D1 Recent reviews of evidence-based treatment for depression did not identify behavioral activation as an evidence-based practice. Therefore, this article conducted a systematic review of behavioral activation treatment of depression, which identified three meta-analyses, one recent randomized controlled trial and one recent follow-up of an earlier randomized control trial. Behavioral activation was consistently superior to wait list and treatment as usual control groups. Effect sizes were not different from cognitive behavior therapy or cognitive therapy, both post-treatment and at follow-up. Indeed, behavioral activation may be more effective than cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in terms of lower dropout. Behavioral activation, like cognitive behavior therapy, may be superi... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3014349 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 20:49:33 +0100 3014349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3014348&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F795%3Frss%3D1 This study tested validity of the TPB in a sample of bariatric patients and further validated its improvement over the TRA in predicting exercise adherence at different operative stages. Results generally confirmed research hypotheses. Superiority of the TPB model was validated in this sample of bariatric patients, and Perceived Behavioral Control emerged as the single-best predictor of both exercise intentions and self-reported behavior. Finally, results suggested that both subjective norms and attitudes toward exercise played a larger role in the prediction of intention and behavior than previously reported. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3014348 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 20:49:33 +0100 3014348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3014347&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F778%3Frss%3D1 This study examines developmental, clinical, gender, and ethnic group differences in preference in residentially placed children and adolescents. In addition, this study considers whether residentially placed youth prefer stimuli currently being used as rewards as part of a campuswide token economy system and whether youth would identify preferred stimuli that are not currently offered. The article discusses a survey devised specifically for the purpose of this study. Stimuli currently offered as rewards are listed and rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Results indicate that the majority of stimuli available within the token economy system were rated as preferred. Also, significant developmental, clinical, gender, and ethnic group differences are found, indicating the benefit of conside... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3014347 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 20:49:33 +0100 3014347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3014346&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F763%3Frss%3D1 Overestimation of threat (OET) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study deconstructed this complex concept and looked for specific deviances in OCD relative to controls. A total of 46 participants with OCD and 51 nonclinical controls were asked: (a) to estimate the incidence rate for 20 events relating to washing, checking, positive, or negative incidents. Furthermore, they were required (b) to assess their personal vulnerability to experience each event type, and (c) to judge the degree of accompanying worry. Later, participants were confronted with the correct statistics and asked (d) to rate their degree of worry versus relief. OCD participants did not provide higher estimates for OCD-related events than healthy participants, thus... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3014346 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 20:49:33 +0100 3014346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3014345&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F743%3Frss%3D1 Discussion focuses on implications for emotion regulatory processes in the maintenance and treatment of emotional disorders. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3014345 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 20:49:33 +0100 3014345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3014344&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F707%3Frss%3D1 The present study used a context-based model of assessment and intervention to explore whether interventions that modify context result in reduction of problem behavior in ecologically valid settings (i.e., typical routines implemented by typical education personnel in neighborhood schools). The Contextual Assessment Inventory (CAI) and a postassessment interview were administered to parents and teachers of eight children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to identify problem contexts. Then, environmental modification techniques were implemented in three priority contexts: namely, transitions, termination of preferred activities, and presence of a feared stimulus. Our results demonstrated an almost complete elimination of problem behavior in the priority contexts as well as successful completio... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3014344 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 20:49:33 +0100 3014344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030594&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19933441%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cale SI, Carr EG, Blakeley-Smith A, Owen-Deschryver JS The present study used a context-based model of assessment and intervention to explore whether interventions that modify context result in reduction of problem behavior in ecologically valid settings (i.e., typical routines implemented by typical education personnel in neighborhood schools). The Contextual Assessment Inventory (CAI) and a postassessment interview were administered to parents and teachers of eight children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to identify problem contexts. Then, environmental modification techniques were implemented in three priority contexts: namely, transitions, termination of preferred activities, and presence of a feared stimulus. Our results demonstrated an almost complete elimination of probl... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030594 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030593&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19933442%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion focuses on implications for emotion regulatory processes in the maintenance and treatment of emotional disorders. PMID: 19933442 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030593 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030592&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19933443%26dopt%3DAbstract This study tested validity of the TPB in a sample of bariatric patients and further validated its improvement over the TRA in predicting exercise adherence at different operative stages. Results generally confirmed research hypotheses. Superiority of the TPB model was validated in this sample of bariatric patients, and Perceived Behavioral Control emerged as the single-best predictor of both exercise intentions and self-reported behavior. Finally, results suggested that both subjective norms and attitudes toward exercise played a larger role in the prediction of intention and behavior than previously reported. PMID: 19933443 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030592 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030591&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19933444%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sturmey P Recent reviews of evidence-based treatment for depression did not identify behavioral activation as an evidence-based practice. Therefore, this article conducted a systematic review of behavioral activation treatment of depression, which identified three meta-analyses, one recent randomized controlled trial and one recent follow-up of an earlier randomized control trial. Behavioral activation was consistently superior to wait list and treatment as usual control groups. Effect sizes were not different from cognitive behavior therapy or cognitive therapy, both post-treatment and at follow-up. Indeed, behavioral activation may be more effective than cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in terms of lower dropout. Behavioral activation, like cognitive behavior... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030591 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2941718&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F682%3Frss%3D1 We used a three-component multiple-schedule with a brief reversal design to evaluate the effects of structurally unmatched and matched stimuli on immediate and subsequent vocal stereotypy that was displayed by three children with autism spectrum disorders. For 2 of the 3 participants, access to matched stimuli, unmatched stimuli, and music decreased immediate levels of vocal stereotypy; however, with the exception of matched stimuli for one participant, none of the stimuli produced a clear abolishing operation for subsequent vocal stereotypy. That is, vocal stereotypy typically increased to baseline levels shortly after alternative stimulation was removed. Detection of motivating operations for each participant’s vocal stereotypy was aided by the analysis of component distributions. ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2941718 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 18:23:00 +0100 2941718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2941717&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F655%3Frss%3D1 Diagnostic criteria specified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR ; American Psychological Association [APA], 2000) require that motor excess be present across situations, at home and school, in order to establish that this condition is a characteristic of the child. The article discusses a study whose primary purpose was to use actigraphy to validate teacher and parent reports of hyperactivity at home and school. Continuous activity measurements were recorded for each minute of each 24-hr period (1,440 measurements per child per day) for a full 7-day week, during school and at home, on 9 children clinically diagnosed with the combined form of ADHD and 9 control children clinically examined at the same community mental health clinic and determined not to... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2941717 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 18:23:00 +0100 2941717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2941716&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F618%3Frss%3D1 Administrators of community-based treatment programs are increasingly being required to utilize psychometrically validated instruments to measure the effectiveness of their interventions. However, developers of psychometric measures have often failed to report strategies relevant to the administration of these measures in nontraditional settings outside the therapy office. Moreover, with few exceptions, developers of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) have insufficiently disseminated methods for integrating assessment measures into treatment planning. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review an assessment methodology that may be utilized to support EBT for individuals who are identified for substance abuse or related problem behaviors. The application of this methodology is demons... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2941716 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 18:23:00 +0100 2941716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2941715&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F583%3Frss%3D1 This article illustrates how findings gleaned from applying the RPC Model allow for unique opportunities for hypothesis generation based on the patterns of consistent outcomes effects. Based on the RPC Model, studies can be closely examined to identify the specific instances in which interventions yield robust effects, and the authors illustrate how examining effects in this way can lead to new understandings of interventions and the outcomes they produce. Findings suggest that researchers can employ previously underutilized patterns of consistencies and inconsistencies in outcomes effects as new resources for identifying evidence-based interventions. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2941715 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 18:23:00 +0100 2941715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2941714&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F559%3Frss%3D1 This study examines the main and moderating effects of a construct labeled maternal sensitivity, within the context of depressive symptoms, on youth externalizing and internalizing problems in a sample of 65 mothers with a history of depression and their 84 children ages 9-15 years. Sensitivity was related to child externalizing problems. Although two-way interactions were not significant, exploratory moderation analyses indicated a significant three-way interaction among maternal depressive symptoms, maternal sensitivity, and youth gender for internalizing problems: among girls only, high depressive symptoms, low sensitivity, and the combination of these two variables were each associated with high levels of internalizing problems. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2941714 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 18:23:00 +0100 2941714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2941713&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F537%3Frss%3D1 The feeding behaviors of two children who maintained failure to thrive diagnoses and displayed food refusal are assessed in their homes. Descriptive assessments are used to identify schedules of consequence provided by each child’s care providers for bite acceptance and food refusal behaviors. Assessments reveal rich schedules of praise and access to social interaction and preferred activities for bite acceptance and escape for food refusal. These schedule arrangements result in hypotheses that modifications to the schedule of praise and access to social interaction and preferred activities for bite acceptance would result in little to no effect and that modifications to the schedule of escape for food refusal would be necessary for treatment success. Successful interventions are sub... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2941713 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 18:23:00 +0100 2941713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2941712&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F520%3Frss%3D1 There is abundant research to support that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit challenging feeding behaviors. Despite increase in empirical evidence supporting the role of behavior analysis in treating severe feeding problems, evaluation of the short- and long-term effects of these treatments for a large group of children with ASD is warranted. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate treatment outcomes of an interdisciplinary feeding program for 46 children with ASD. A retrospective chart analysis indicated these children were treated successfully overall and follow-up data suggest gains were maintained following discharge from the program. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2941712 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 18:23:00 +0100 2941712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2941711&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=27090&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbmo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F495%3Frss%3D1 A comprehensive evidence-based treatment for substance abuse and other associated problems (Family Behavior Therapy) is described, including its application to both adolescents and adults across a wide range of clinical contexts (i.e., criminal justice, child welfare). Relevant to practitioners and applied clinical researchers, topic areas include its theoretical and empirical background, intervention protocols, methods of enhancing motivation for treatment, and future directions. (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2941711 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 18:23:00 +0100 2941711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2891841&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19822736%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines developmental, clinical, gender, and ethnic group differences in preference in residentially placed children and adolescents. In addition, this study considers whether residentially placed youth prefer stimuli currently being used as rewards as part of a campuswide token economy system and whether youth would identify preferred stimuli that are not currently offered. The article discusses a survey devised specifically for the purpose of this study. Stimuli currently offered as rewards are listed and rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Results indicate that the majority of stimuli available within the token economy system were rated as preferred. Also, significant developmental, clinical, gender, and ethnic group differences are found, indicating the benefit of conside... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2891841 Sun, 11 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2891841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2891840&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19822737%26dopt%3DAbstract This article explores the efficacy of virtual environments representing situations that are emotionally significant to patients with eating disorders (ED) to modify depression and anxiety levels both in these patients and in controls. Eighty-five ED patients and 108 students were randomly exposed to five experimental virtual environments (a kitchen with low-calorie food, a kitchen with high-calorie food, a restaurant with high-calorie food, a restaurant with low-calorie food, and a swimming-pool) and to one neutral environment. In the interval between the presentation of each situation, anxiety and depressed mood were assessed. Results of several repeated measures analyses demonstrated that patients show higher levels of anxiety and a more depressed mood after eating, especially high-calor... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2891840 Sun, 11 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2891840 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2834487&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19776425%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lyon AR, Gershenson RA, Farahmand FK, Thaxter PJ, Behling S, Budd KS This research addressed the need for trained child care staff to support optimal early social-emotional development in urban, low-income, ethnic minority children. We evaluated effectiveness of Teacher-Child Interaction Training (TCIT), an approach adapted from Eyberg's Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). TCIT focuses on increasing preschool teachers' positive attention skills and consistent discipline in order to enhance children's psychosocial functioning and prevent mental health problems. A total of 12 teachers participated in small-group workshop sessions with in vivo coaching on their use of skills in the classroom. A multiple-baseline design across four classrooms (3 teachers each) evaluated effec... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2834487 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2834487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2834486&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19776426%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moritz S, Pohl RF Overestimation of threat (OET) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study deconstructed this complex concept and looked for specific deviances in OCD relative to controls. A total of 46 participants with OCD and 51 nonclinical controls were asked: (a) to estimate the incidence rate for 20 events relating to washing, checking, positive, or negative incidents. Furthermore, they were required (b) to assess their personal vulnerability to experience each event type, and (c) to judge the degree of accompanying worry. Later, participants were confronted with the correct statistics and asked (d) to rate their degree of worry versus relief. OCD participants did not provide higher estimates for OCD-related events ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2834486 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2834486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2801649&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19748900%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Laud RB, Girolami PA, Boscoe JH, Gulotta CS There is abundant research to support that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit challenging feeding behaviors. Despite increase in empirical evidence supporting the role of behavior analysis in treating severe feeding problems, evaluation of the short- and long-term effects of these treatments for a large group of children with ASD is warranted. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate treatment outcomes of an interdisciplinary feeding program for 46 children with ASD. A retrospective chart analysis indicated these children were treated successfully overall and follow-up data suggest gains were maintained following discharge from the program. PMID: 19748900 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Beha... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2801649 Wed, 09 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2801649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2710002&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19684328%26dopt%3DAbstract This article illustrates how findings gleaned from applying the RPC Model allow for unique opportunities for hypothesis generation based on the patterns of consistent outcomes effects. Based on the RPC Model, studies can be closely examined to identify the specific instances in which interventions yield robust effects, and the authors illustrate how examining effects in this way can lead to new understandings of interventions and the outcomes they produce. Findings suggest that researchers can employ previously underutilized patterns of consistencies and inconsistencies in outcomes effects as new resources for identifying evidence-based interventions. PMID: 19684328 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Behavior Modification) Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2710002 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2710002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2702582&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19675310%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Casey SD, Perrin CJ, Lesser AD, Perrin SH, Casey CL, Reed GK The feeding behaviors of two children who maintained failure to thrive diagnoses and displayed food refusal are assessed in their homes. Descriptive assessments are used to identify schedules of consequence provided by each child's care providers for bite acceptance and food refusal behaviors. assessments reveal rich schedules of praise and access to social interaction and preferred activities for bite acceptance and escape for food refusal. These schedule arrangements result in hypotheses that modifications to the schedule of praise and access to social interaction and preferred activities for bite acceptance would result in little to no effect and that modifications to the schedule of escape for food refusal would ... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2702582 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2702582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2679400&cid=s_37576_36_f&fid=37576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19654336%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines the main and moderating effects of a construct labeled maternal sensitivity, within the context of depressive symptoms, on youth externalizing and internalizing problems in a sample of 65 mothers with a history of depression and their 84 children ages 9-15 years. Sensitivity was related to child externalizing problems. Although two-way interactions were not significant, exploratory moderation analyses indicated a significant three-way interaction among maternal depressive symptoms, maternal sensitivity, and youth gender for internalizing problems: among girls only, high depressive symptoms, low sensitivity, and the combination of these two variables were each associated with high levels of internalizing problems. PMID: 19654336 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (S... Behavior Modification journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2679400 Mon, 03 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2679400