MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Bioelectromagnetics' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 03:37:25 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5652006&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.21708 This study investigates and compares the spatial distribution of the magnitude of the electric field and the current density in the brain tissues during tDCS of different brain targets. A numerical method was applied on a realistic human head model to calculate these field distributions in different brain structures, such as the cortex, white matter, cerebellum, hippocampus, medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, thalamus, and hypothalamus. Moreover, the same distributions were evaluated along the auditory pathways. Results of this study show that tDCS of the left temporoparietal cortex resulted in a widespread diffuse distribution of the magnitude of the electric fields (and also of the current density) on an area of the cortex larger than the target brain region. On the contrary, tDCS of the... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5652006 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5652006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5631480&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.21705 AbstractSeveral studies suggest a link between electric injuries and neurological diseases, where electric shocks may explain elevated risks for neuronal degeneration and, subsequently, neurological diseases. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on the risk of neurological diseases among people in Denmark who had survived an electric accident in 1968–2008. The cohort included 3,133 people and occurrences of neurological diseases were determined by linkage to the nationwide population‐based Danish National Register of Patients. The numbers of cases observed at first hospital contact in the cohort were compared with the respective rates of first hospital contacts for neurological diseases in the general population. We observed significantly increased risks for peripheral nerve disea... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5631480 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:35:32 +0100 5631480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5621932&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.21707 AbstractIn situ radiofrequency (RF) exposure of the different RF sources is characterized in Reading, United Kingdom, and an extrapolation method to estimate worst‐case long‐term evolution (LTE) exposure is proposed. All electric field levels satisfy the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference levels with a maximal total electric field value of 4.5 V/m. The total values are dominated by frequency modulation (FM). Exposure levels for LTE of 0.2 V/m on average and 0.5 V/m maximally are obtained. Contributions of LTE to the total exposure are limited to 0.4% on average. Exposure ratios from 0.8% (LTE) to 12.5% (FM) are obtained. An extrapolation method is proposed and validated to assess the worst‐case LTE exposure. For this method, the r... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5621932 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 08:19:54 +0100 5621932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5600471&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.21704 AbstractThe reason for hyper magnetosensitivity of young animals compared to older ones remains unclear. It has been suggested that age‐induced tissue dehydration (decreased water content) could be a basis for the aging‐related decrease in the organism's magnetosensitivity. To test this hypothesis, the effect of a 0.2 T static magnetic field (SMF) exposure on heart muscle hydration in three age groups of rats (young, adult, and older) was studied, with and without ouabain poisoning. The SMF exposure resulted in heart muscle dehydration of young (21%) and adult (6.2%) rats but had no effect on older animals. In young animals without ouabin poisoning, SMF exposure caused dehydration of the heart muscle while in the ouabain‐poisoned animals it led to hydration (29.6%). These hydration... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5600471 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 08:51:24 +0100 5600471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5600473&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.21706 AbstractIn situ electromagnetic field exposure of workers and the general public due to non‐directional beacons (NDB) for air traffic control is assessed and characterized. For occupational exposure, the maximal measured electric field value is 881.6 V/m and the maximal magnetic field value is 9.1 A/m. The maximum electric fields exceed the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference levels at all seven NDB sites, and the magnetic fields at two of the seven NDB sites (occupational exposure). Recommendations and compliance distances for workers and the general public are provided. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5600473 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5600473 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5600472&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.21702 In this study, soybean seeds treated with static magnetic fields of 150 and 200 mT for 1 h were evaluated for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were measured in embryos and hypocotyls of germinating seeds by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and kinetics of superoxide production; hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant activities were estimated spectrophotometrically. Magnetic field treatment resulted in enhanced production of ROS mediated by cell wall peroxidase while ascorbic acid content, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased in the hypocotyl of germinating seeds. An increase in the cytosolic peroxidase activity indicated that this antioxidant enzyme had a vital role in scavenging the i... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5600472 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5600472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586701&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.21703 This study explored if the inhibition of VG Na+ current (INa) resulted from (i) reduction of the transmembrane Na+ gradient due to its influx via nsPEF‐opened pores, and/or (ii) downregulation of the VG channels by a Ca2+‐dependent mechanism. We found that a single 300 ns electric pulse at 1.6–5.3 kV/cm triggered sustained Na+ influx in exposed NG108 cells and in primary chromaffin cells, as detected by increased fluorescence of a Sodium Green Dye. In the whole‐cell patch clamp configuration, this influx was efficiently buffered by the pipette solution so that the increase in the intracellular concentration of Na+ ([Na]i) did not exceed 2–3 mM. [Na]i increased uniformly over the cell volume and showed no additional peaks immediately below the plasma membrane. Concurrently, ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586701 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 19:40:34 +0100 5586701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573682&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.21699 This study also provided some data on gestational outcome following in utero exposure to Wi‐Fi signals. Mass evaluation of dams and pups and the number of pups per litter was monitored, and the genital tracts of young rats were observed for abnormalities by measuring anogenital distance. Under these experimental conditions, our observations suggest a lack of adverse effects of Wi‐Fi exposure on delivery and general condition of the animals. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573682 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 08:15:24 +0100 5573682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546543&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.21696 In this study, we utilized the whole‐cell patch‐clamp method to study the nsPEF effect on currents of voltage‐gated (VG) Ca2+ and Na+ channels (ICa and INa) in cultured GH3 and NG108 cells. We found that a single 300 or 600 ns pulse at or above 1.5–2 kV/cm caused prolonged inhibition of ICa and INa. Concurrently, nsPEF increased a non‐inactivating “leak” current (Ileak), presumably due to the formation of nanoelectropores or larger pores in the plasma membrane. The nsPEF effects were similar in cells that were exposed intact and subsequently brought into the whole‐cell recording configuration, and in cells that were first brought into the whole‐cell configuration and then exposed. Although both Ileak and the inhibition of VG currents were enhanced at higher E‐field ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546543 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 00:56:26 +0100 5546543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546544&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.21701 AbstractIn this experiment, we evaluated the effects of strong static magnetic fields (SMF) on the orientation of myotubes formed from a mouse‐derived myoblast cell line, C2C12. Myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells was conducted under exposure to SMF at a magnetic flux density of 0–10 T and a magnetic gradient of 0–41.7 T/m. Exposure to SMF at 10 T led to significant formation of oriented myotubes. Under the high magnetic field gradient and a high value of the product of the magnetic flux density and magnetic field gradient, myotube orientation increased as the myogenic differentiation period increased. At the 3 T exposure position, where there was a moderate magnetic flux density and moderate magnetic field gradient, myotube orientation was not observed. We demonstrated t... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546544 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5546544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5528339&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.21700 AbstractThe issue of adverse human health effects due to exposure to electromagnetic fields is still unclear, and congenital anomalies are among the outcomes that have been inconsistently associated with such exposure. We conducted a population‐based, case–control study to examine the risk of congenital anomalies associated with maternal exposure to magnetic fields (MF) from high‐voltage power lines during pregnancy in a community in northern Italy. We identified 228 cases of congenital malformations diagnosed in live births, stillbirths, and induced abortions among women living in the municipality of Reggio Emilia during the period 1998–2006, and a reference group of healthy newborns was matched for year of birth, maternal age, and hospital of birth. We identified maternal residen... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5528339 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 21:18:51 +0100 5528339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507951&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.21697 AbstractThe potential genotoxic effect of a time‐varying magnetic field (MF) on human cells was investigated. Upon continuous exposure of human primary fibroblast and cervical cancer cells to a 60 Hz MF at 7 mT for 10–60 min, no significant change in cell viability was observed. However, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double‐strand breaks (DSBs) were detected, and the DNA damage checkpoint pathway was activated in these cells without programmed cell death (called apoptosis). The exposure of human cells to a 60 Hz MF did not induce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suggesting that the observed DNA DSBs are not directly caused by ROS. We also compared the position and time dependency of DNA DSBs with numerical simulation of MFs. The Lorentz force and eddy cur... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507951 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 20:43:30 +0100 5507951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507952&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.21698 AbstractRecent work has demonstrated that the reflection coefficient of human skin in the frequency range from 95 to 110 GHz (W band) mirrors the temporal relaxation of stress induced by physical exercise. In this work, we extend these findings to show that in the event of a subtle trigger to stress, such as mental activity, a similar picture of response emerges. Furthermore, the findings are extended to cover not only the W band (75–110 GHz), but also the frequency band from 110 to 170 GHz (D band). We demonstrate that mental stress, induced by the Stroop effect and recorded by the galvanic skin response (GSR), can be correlated to the reflection coefficient in the aforementioned frequency bands. Intriguingly, a light physical stress caused by repeated hand gripping clearly showed... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507952 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5461118&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20701 (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5461118 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 21:15:14 +0100 5461118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433947&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.21695 In this study, we determined the amplitude of the uniform electric fields induced in body tissues that cause a local increase in the tissue temperature by 1 °C in the presence of this generic implant for a wide range of frequencies and wire lengths. The field amplitudes were compared to the basic restrictions of the current exposure guidelines for both occupational and uncontrolled exposure. Results showed that a 1 °C temperature increase in the tissues around the tips of the generic implant can be reached for field strengths much smaller than 1% of those in the basic restrictions. The simulated results were validated by experimental evaluations. The impact of perfusion was investigated and was found to lead to a reduction in the local temperature peak by only 1.6–3 times. Addition... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433947 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 20:37:31 +0100 5433947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5339551&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20715 AbstractWireless mobile phones and other telecommunication devices are used extensively in daily life. We therefore examined the effects of combined exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMF) on rat testicular function, specifically with respect to sensitive processes such as spermatogenesis. Male rats were exposed to single code division multiple access (CDMA) and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) RF signals for 12 weeks. The RF exposure schedule comprised 45 min/day, 5 days/week for a total of 12 weeks. The whole‐body average specific absorption rate (SAR) of CDMA and WCDMA was 2.0 W/kg each or 4.0 W/kg in total. We then investigated the correlates of testicular function such as sperm count in the cauda epididymis, testosterone concentration in the ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5339551 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5339551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5339550&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20712 AbstractThe literature shows that the effects of direct electric currents on biological material are numerous, including bactericidal, fungicidal, parasiticidal, and anti‐tumoral, among others. Non‐pathogenic trypanosomatids, such as Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, have emerged as important models for the study of basic biological processes performed by a eukaryotic cell. The present study reports a dose‐dependent anti‐protozoan effect of direct electric treatment with both cathodic and anodic current flows on H. samuelpessoai cells. The damaging effects can be attributable to the electrolysis products generated during electric stimulation. The pH of the cell suspension was progressively augmented from 7.4 to 10.5 after the cathodic treatment. In contrast, the anodic treatment caused a... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5339550 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5339550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5339549&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20704 AbstractDifferent effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposure on brain tissue have been described in pre‐clinical models and in clinical settings. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action and the possible interaction with membrane receptors such as adenosine receptors (ARs) has not been investigated. The present study focused on the effect of PEMFs on A1 and A2A ARs in the rat cerebral cortex and cortical neurons. Affinity and density of ARs were evaluated by means of saturation binding experiments while mRNA expression was investigated through retro‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). PEMF treatment of the intact rat cerebral cortex or cortical neurons at 1.5 mT mediated a transient and significant increase in A2A ARs after 4 h (2.0‐fold increase) and 6�... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5339549 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5339549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5339548&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20711 In conclusion, the subjective symptoms did not result from the 60 Hz, 12.5 µT magnetic field exposures but from other non‐physiological factors. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5339548 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5339548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5339547&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20713 AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to provide experimental data on the complex permittivity of some biological solutions in the 2–67 GHz range at room and human body temperatures. The permittivity measurements are performed using an open‐ended coaxial probe. Permittivity spectra of several representative monomolecular solutions of proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates are analyzed and compared. Furthermore, measurements have also been performed for complex biomolecular solutions, including bovine serum albumin (BSA)–DNA–glucose mixture, culture medium, and yeast extract solution. The results demonstrate that for concentrations below 1%, the permittivity spectra of the solutions do not substantially differ from that of distilled water. Measurements carried... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5339547 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5339547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5339546&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20714 This article is prepared for the d'Arsonval Award Lecture. After a short introduction of our early work on magnetic analog memory, we review and discuss the following topics: (1) Magnetic nerve stimulation and localized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the human brain by figure‐eight coils; (2) Measurements of weak magnetic fields generated from the brain by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) systems, called magnetoencephalography (MEG), and its application in functional brain studies; (3) New methods of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the imaging of impedance of the brain, called impedance MRI, and the imaging of neuronal current activities in the brain, called current MRI; (4) Cancer therapy and other medical treatments by pulsed magnetic fields; (5) Eff... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5339546 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5339546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5339545&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20710 The objective of this study was to examine the distribution of the output power of mobile phones and other terminals connected to a 3G network in Sweden. It is well known that 3G terminals can operate with very low output power, particularly for voice calls. Measurements of terminal output power were conducted in the Swedish TeliaSonera 3G network in November 2008 by recording network statistics. In the analysis, discrimination was made between rural, suburban, urban, and dedicated indoor networks. In addition, information about terminal output power was possible to collect separately for voice and data traffic. Information from six different Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) was collected during at least 1 week. In total, more than 800000 h of voice calls were collected and in addition t... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5339545 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5339545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5339544&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20716 AbstractWe conducted a systematic review of scientific studies to evaluate whether the use of wireless phones is linked to an increased incidence of the brain cancer glioma or other tumors of the head (meningioma, acoustic neuroma, and parotid gland), originating in the areas of the head that most absorb radiofrequency (RF) energy from wireless phones. Epidemiology and in vivo studies were evaluated according to an agreed protocol; quality criteria were used to evaluate the studies for narrative synthesis but not for meta‐analyses or pooling of results. The epidemiology study results were heterogeneous, with sparse data on long‐term use (≥10 years). Meta‐analyses of the epidemiology studies showed no statistically significant increase in risk (defined as P < 0.05) for adult ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5339544 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5339544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5264309&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20705 AbstractIn this article, the general public daily exposure to broadcast signals and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile telephone signals in indoor areas is investigated. Temporal variations and traffic distributions during a day at different indoor sites in urban and rural zones are presented. The goal is to analyze the real exposure compared to the maximum assessment imposed by radio protection standards and to characterize the ratio between daily and maximum theoretical values. Hence, a realistic maximum is proposed based on the statistical analysis performed using measurements. Broadcast signals remain constant over the day so they are best fitted with a Normal distribution while the mobile telephone signals depend o... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5264309 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 22:34:00 +0100 5264309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5264311&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20706 AbstractMicroalgal biotechnology could generate substantial amounts of biofuels with minimal environmental impact if the economics can be improved by increasing the rate of biomass production. Chlorella kessleri was grown in a small‐scale raceway pond and in flask cultures with the entire volume, 1% (v/v) at any instant, periodically exposed to static magnetic fields to demonstrate increased biomass production and investigate physiological changes, respectively. The growth rate in flasks was maximal at a field strength of 10 mT, increasing from 0.39 ± 0.06 per day for the control to 0.88 ± 0.06 per day. In the raceway pond the 10 mT field increased the growth rate from 0.24 ± 0.03 to 0.45 ± 0.05 per day, final biomass from 0.88 ± 0.11 to 1.56 ± 0.18 g/... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5264311 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5264311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5264310&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20708 AbstractSeveral studies have shown that exposure to altered magnetic fields affects nociception by suppressing stress‐induced hypoalgesia, and that this effect is reduced or abolished if the treatment is performed in the absence of light. This raises the question as to whether other sources of sensory stimuli may also modulate these magnetic effects. We investigated the possible role of olfaction in the magnetically induced effects on sensitivity to nociceptive stimuli and heart rate (HR) in restraint‐stressed homing pigeons exposed to an Earth‐strength, irregularly varying (<1 Hz) magnetic field. The magnetic treatment decreased the nociceptive threshold in normally smelling birds and an opposite effect was observed in birds made anosmic by nostril plugging. Conversely, no diff... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5264310 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5264310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5253911&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20707 We report here evidence for nsEP‐induced permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes in living cells. Using three different methods with fluorescence indicators—rhodamine 123 (R123), tetramethyl rhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE), and cobalt‐quenched calcein—we have shown that multiple nsEP (five pulses or more, 4 ns duration, 10 MV/m, 1 kHz repetition rate) cause an increase of the inner mitochondrial membrane permeability and an associated loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. These effects could be a consequence of nsEP permeabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane or the activation of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pores. Plasma membrane permeabilization (YO‐PRO‐1 influx) was detected in addition to mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Bioelec... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5253911 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 13:07:55 +0100 5253911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5253912&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20709 In conclusion, CMF and AMF have the possibility to modulate the antioxidative defense and some of the fitness‐related traits in B. extradentatum. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5253912 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5253912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5241742&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20703 AbstractPulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) delivered by whole‐body mats are promoted in many countries for a wide range of therapeutic applications and for enhanced well‐being. However, neither the therapeutic efficacy nor the potential health hazards caused by these mats have been systematically evaluated. We conducted a systematic review of trials investigating the therapeutic effects of low‐frequency PEMF devices. We were interested in all health outcomes addressed so far in randomized, sham‐controlled, double‐blind trials. In total, 11 trials were identified. They were focused on osteoarthritis of the knee (3 trials) or the cervical spine (1), fibromyalgia (1), pain perception (2), skin ulcer healing (1), multiple sclerosis‐related fatigue (2), or heart rate variability a... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5241742 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 21:03:25 +0100 5241742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5241744&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20701 (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5241744 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5241744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5241743&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20702 AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of 902.4 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile phone radiation on cerebral blood flow using positron emission tomography (PET) with the 15O‐water tracer. Fifteen young, healthy, right‐handed male subjects were exposed to phone radiation from three different locations (left ear, right ear, forehead) and to sham exposure to test for possible exposure effects on brain regions close to the exposure source. Whole‐brain [15O]H2O–PET images were acquired 12 times, 3 for each condition, in a counterbalanced order. Subjects were exposed for 5 min in each scan while performing a simple visual vigilance task. Temperature was also measured in the head region (forehead, eyes, cheeks, ear canals) during exposure. The expos... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5241743 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5241743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5213293&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20700 AbstractEpidemiological studies have suggested that extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MF) are associated with an increased incidence of cancer. Studies using in vitro systems have reported mixed results for the effects of ELF‐MF alone, and the World Health Organization (WHO) Research Agenda published in 2007 suggested that high priority research should include an evaluation of the co‐carcinogenic effects of ELF‐MF exposure using in vitro models. Here, the carcinogenic potential of ELF‐MF exposure alone and in combination with various stress factors was investigated in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts using an in vitro cellular transformation assay. NIH3T3 cells were exposed to a 60 Hz ELF‐MF (1 mT) alone or in combination with ionizing radiation (IR), hydrogen peroxide... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5213293 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 10:46:39 +0100 5213293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5187045&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20698 AbstractResearch on long‐term exposure to electromagnetic fields on cognition is lacking. We investigated the associations between frequent digital mobile phone use and global and domain‐specific cognitive changes in older persons, a vulnerable group experiencing age‐associated cognitive decline. We assessed 871 non‐demented Chinese participants in the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies cohort on the frequency of digital mobile phone use, neurocognitive performance and confounding variables at baseline, and neurocognitive performance at the 4‐year follow‐up. Findings showed that digital mobile phone users were typically self‐selected to possess characteristics favoring better cognitive functioning and concomitantly demonstrate better performance on cognitive tasks. There w... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5187045 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 20:50:19 +0100 5187045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5187046&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20696 AbstractThe development of scientifically sound instrumentation, methods, and procedures for the electromagnetic exposure assessment of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) is investigated. The incident and induced fields from 11 CFLs have been measured in the 10 kHz–1 MHz range, and they are compared with the levels for incandescent and light emitting diode (LED) bulbs. Commercially available equipment was used to measure the incident fields, while a novel sensor was built to assess the induced fields in humans. Incident electric field levels significantly exceed the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference levels at close distances for some sources, while the induced fields are within the ICNIRP basic restrictions. This demonstrates the importa... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5187046 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5187046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5150096&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20695 AbstractThe effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMF) on human health are the subject of on‐going research and serious public concern. These fields potentially elicit small effects that have been proposed to have consequences, either positive or negative, for biological systems. To reveal potentially weak but biologically relevant effects, we chose to extensively examine exposure of immune cells to two different signals, namely a complex multiple waveform field, and a 50 Hz sine wave. These immune cells are highly responsive and, in vivo, modulation of cytokine expression responses can result in systemic health effects. Using time course experiments, we determined kinetics of cytokine and other inflammation‐related genes in a human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP‐1... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5150096 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 21:58:32 +0100 5150096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5150098&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20697 AbstractDuring recent years, a large number of studies on the effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by cellular mobile phones on human cognitive performance have been carried out. However, the results have been ambiguous. We carried out the current meta‐analysis in order to investigate the impact of electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones on human cognition. Seventeen studies were included in the meta‐analysis as they fulfill several requirements such as single‐ or double‐blind experimental study design, and documentation of means and standard deviations of dependent variables. The meta‐analysis was carried out as a group comparison between exposed and non‐exposed subjects. No significant effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by Global System for Mobile Communic... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5150098 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5150098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5150097&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20699 AbstractThe hypogeomagnetic field (HGMF; magnetic fields <200 nT) is one of the fundamental environmental factors of space. However, the effect of HGMF exposure on living systems remains unclear. In this article, we examine the biological effects of HGMF on the embryonic development of Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog). A decrease in horizontal third cleavage furrows and abnormal morphogenesis were observed in Xenopus embryos growing in the HGMF. HGMF exposure at the two‐cell stage, but no later than the four‐cell stage, is enough to alter the third cleavage geometry pattern. Immunofluorescent staining for α‐tubulin showed reorientation of the spindle of four‐cell stage blastomeres. These results indicate that a brief (2‐h) exposure to HGMF is sufficient to interfere wit... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5150097 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5150097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5121907&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20688 AbstractA head exposure setup for efficient and precisely defined exposure of human subjects equipped with a near‐infrared imaging (NIRI) sensor is presented. In a partially shielded anechoic chamber the subjects were exposed to Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)‐like electromagnetic fields (EMF) by using a patch antenna at a distance of 4 cm from the head. The non‐contact design of the exposure setup enabled NIRI sensors to easily attach to the head. Moreover, different regions of the head were chosen for localised exposure and simultaneous NIRI investigation. The control software enabled the simple adaptation of the test parameters during exploratory testing as well as the performance of controlled, randomised, crossover and double‐blind provocation studies. Four... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5121907 Sat, 13 Aug 2011 01:32:14 +0100 5121907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112899&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20694 This article deals with the safety assessment of several ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna designs for use in prototype microwave breast imaging systems. First, the performances of the antennas are validated by comparison of measured and simulated data collected for a simple test case. An efficient approach to estimating the specific energy absorption (SA) is introduced and validated. Next, SA produced by the UWB antennas inside more realistic breast models is computed. In particular, the power levels and pulse repetition periods adopted for the SA evaluation follow the measurement protocol employed by a tissue sensing adaptive radar (TSAR) prototype system. Results indicate that the SA for the antennas examined is below limits prescribed in standards for exposure of the general population; h... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112899 Thu, 11 Aug 2011 09:00:21 +0100 5112899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090642&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20691 AbstractMobile phone exposure‐related effects on the human electroencephalogram (EEG) have been shown during both waking and sleep states, albeit with slight differences in the frequency affected. This discrepancy, combined with studies that failed to find effects, has led many to conclude that no consistent effects exist. We hypothesised that these differences might partly be due to individual variability in response, and that mobile phone emissions may in fact have large but differential effects on human brain activity. Twenty volunteers from our previous study underwent an adaptation night followed by two experimental nights in which they were randomly exposed to two conditions (Active and Sham), followed by a full‐night sleep episode. The EEG spectral power was increased in the sle... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090642 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 05:46:24 +0100 5090642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090644&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20693 AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to investigate potential responses of skin cells to millimeter wave (MMW) radiation increasingly used in the wireless technologies. Primary human skin cells were exposed for 1, 6, or 24 h to 60.4 GHz with an average incident power density of 1.8 mW/cm2 and an average specific absorption rate of 42.4 W/kg. A large‐scale analysis was performed to determine whether these exposures could affect the gene expression. Gene expression microarrays containing over 41,000 unique human transcript probe sets were used, and data obtained for sham and exposed cells were compared. No significant difference in gene expression was observed when gene expression values were subjected to a stringent statistical analysis such as the Benjamini–Hochberg proced... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090644 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090643&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20692 AbstractNew local treatments based on electromagnetic fields have been developed as non‐surgical and minimally invasive treatments of tumors. In particular, short electric pulses can induce important non‐thermal changes in cell physiology, especially the permeabilization of the cell membrane. The aim of this review is to summarize the present data on the electroporation‐based techniques: electrochemotherapy (ECT), nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs), and irreversible electroporation (IRE). ECT is a safe, easy, and efficient technique for the treatment of solid tumors that uses cell‐permeabilizing electrical pulses to enhance the activity of a non‐permeant (bleomycin) or low permeant (cisplatin) anticancer drug with a very high intrinsic cytotoxicity. The most interesting f... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090643 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043886&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20690 AbstractIdiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI‐EMF) is a controversial illness in which people report symptoms that they believe are triggered by exposure to EMF. Double‐blind experiments have found no association between the presence of EMF and self‐reported outcomes in people with IEI‐EMF. No systematic review has assessed whether EMF exposure triggers physiological or cognitive changes in this group. Using a systematic literature search, we identified 29 single or double‐blind experiments in which participants with IEI‐EMF were exposed to different EMF levels and in which objectively measured outcomes were assessed. Five studies identified significant effects of exposure such as reduced heart rate and blood pressure, altered pupillary ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043886 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5023588&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20687 AbstractBody‐worn radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF‐EMF) personal exposure meters (PEMs) have been increasingly used for exposure assessment in epidemiological research. However, little research on the measurement accuracy of these devices is available. In this article a novel measurement setup and a measurement protocol are presented for characterizing and testing PEMs. The whole setup and procedure is tested using two EME SPY 120 devices. The performance of the PEM was analyzed for absolute measurements in an anechoic chamber. Modulated signals representing the different services as real signals generated by appropriate testers were used. Measurement results were evaluated with respect to a root mean square detector. We found that measurement accuracy depends strongly on the c... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5023588 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5023588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043885&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20689 AbstractThe application of bio‐compatible, conductive nanoparticles in combination with radiofrequency (RF) irradiation to raise tissue temperatures between 40 and 60 °C for hyperthermia and ablation spurred interest in the complex permittivities of isotonic nanoparticle‐based colloids. Nanoparticles with large aspect ratios and high permittivities increase the bulk permittivity of the colloid and RF losses at the macroscopic scale. The complex permittivities of isotonic colloids with and without single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) containing either metallic, semiconducting, or mixed chiralities were measured from 20 MHz to 1 GHz at room temperature. The colloids were made with one of three different isotonic solvents: phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and Dulbecco's modified... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043885 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5023587&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20686 AbstractIn a previous investigation we reported that exposure to a moderate (300 mT) static magnetic field (SMF) causes transient DNA damage and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). To better understand the response of HUVECs to the 300 mT SMF, a high‐quality subtracted cDNA library representative of genes induced in cells after 4 h of static magnetic exposure was constructed. The global gene expression profile showed that several genes were induced after the SMF exposure. The characterized clones are involved in cell metabolism, energy, cell growth/division, transcription, protein synthesis, destination and storage, membrane injury, DNA damage/repair, and oxidative stress response. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5023587 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5023587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4979390&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20685 AbstractDue to the expected mass deployment of millimeter‐wave wireless technologies, thresholds of potential millimeter‐wave‐induced biological and health effects should be carefully assessed. The main purpose of this study is to propose, optimize, and characterize a near‐field exposure configuration allowing illumination of cells in vitro at 60 GHz with power densities up to several tens of mW/cm2. Positioning of a tissue culture plate containing cells has been optimized in the near‐field of a standard horn antenna operating at 60 GHz. The optimal position corresponds to the maximal mean‐to‐peak specific absorption rate (SAR) ratio over the cell monolayer, allowing the achievement of power densities up to 50 mW/cm2 at least. Three complementary parameters have been de... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4979390 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:49:57 +0100 4979390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4956671&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20682 AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess the potential effects of intermittent Universal Mobile Telecommunications System electromagnetic fields (UMTS‐EMF) on blood circulation in the human head (auditory region) using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) on two different timescales: short‐term (effects occurring within 80 s) and medium‐term (effects occurring within 80 s to 30 min). For the first time, we measured potential immediate effects of UMTS‐EMF in real‐time without any interference during exposure. Three different exposures (sham, 0.18 W/kg, and 1.8 W/kg) were applied in a controlled, randomized, crossover, and double‐blind paradigm on 16 healthy volunteers. In addition to oxy‐, deoxy‐, and total haemoglobin concentrations ([O2Hb], [HHb], and [t... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4956671 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:49:17 +0100 4956671 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4956672&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20684 AbstractThe three‐dimensional distribution of the specific absorption rate of energy (SAR) in phantom models was analysed to detect clusters of mobile phones producing similar spatial deposition of energy in the head. The clusters' characteristics were described from the phones external features, frequency band and communication protocol. Compliance measurements with phones in cheek and tilt positions, and on the left and right side of a physical phantom were used. Phones used the Personal Digital Cellular (PDC), Code division multiple access One (CdmaOne), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT) communication systems, in the 800, 900, 1500 and 1800 MHz bands. Each phone's measurements were summarised by the half‐ellipsoid in which the SAR valu... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4956672 Mon, 20 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4956672 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4907343&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20681 AbstractTerrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) technology (“Airwave”) has led to public concern because of its potential interference with electrical activity in the brain. The present study is the first to examine whether acute exposure to a TETRA base station signal has an impact on cognitive functioning and physiological responses. Participants were exposed to a 420 MHz TETRA signal at a power flux density of 10 mW/m2 as well as sham (no signal) under double‐blind conditions. Fifty‐one people who reported a perceived sensitivity to electromagnetic fields as well as 132 controls participated in a double‐blind provocation study. Forty‐eight sensitive and 132 control participants completed all three sessions. Measures of short‐term memory, working memory, and attention were ad... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4907343 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 17:40:41 +0100 4907343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4898053&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20683 AbstractIn this work, the effect of antenna element loading on the localized specific absorption rate (SAR) has been analyzed for base station antennas. The analysis was conducted in order to determine whether localized SAR measurements of large multi‐element base station antennas can be conducted using standardized procedures and commercially available equipment. More specifically, it was investigated if the antenna shifting measurement procedure, specified in the European base station exposure assessment standard EN 50383, will produce accurate localized SAR results for base station antennas larger than the specified measurement phantom. The obtained results show that SAR accuracy is affected by the presence of lossy material within distances of one wavelength from the tested antennas ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4898053 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 14:02:10 +0100 4898053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4857620&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20678 (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4857620 Wed, 25 May 2011 18:08:06 +0100 4857620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4857621&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20679 (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4857621 Mon, 23 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4857621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4785110&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20677 AbstractIn the past 5 years radiofrequency personal exposure meters have been used to characterize the exposure during daily activities. We found from calibration tests for the 12 frequency bands of the EME Spy 121 exposimeter in a Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic cell and an Open Area Test Site, that these measurements tend to underestimate the actual exposure. Therefore, a maximum frequency‐dependent correction factor of 1.1–1.6 should be applied to the electric field. This correction factor consists of three multipliers correcting for calibration, elevation arrival angle, and influence of the body. The calibration correction factor should be determined per exposimeter, as the maximum range of response between exposimeters in a frequency band is 2.4 dB. Since the range of respo... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4785110 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4785110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4844732&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20680 This study provides information about subjective acceptance, which is essential if 7 T MRI is to become a clinical diagnostic tool. Of 573 subjects who underwent 7 T MRI, 166 were also examined at 1.5 T, providing a means of discriminating field‐dependent discomfort. All subjects judged sources of discomfort and physiological sensations on an 11‐point scale (0 = no side effects, 10 = intolerable side effects) and scores were analyzed separately for exam phases, with and without table movement at each field strength. Results revealed that 7 T MRI was, in general, judged more uncomfortable than 1.5 T; however, most subjects rated the effects as being non‐critical (mean scores between 0.5 and 3.5). Significant differences were detected regarding vertigo and sweating be... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4844732 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4844732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4785109&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20676 AbstractExtremely low frequency (ELF, <300 Hz) magnetic fields (MF) have been reported to modulate cognitive performance in humans. However, little research exists with MF exposures comparable to the highest levels experienced in occupations like power line workers and industrial welders. This research aims to evaluate the impact of a 60 Hz, 3 mT MF on human cognitive performance. Ninety‐nine participants completed the double‐blind protocol, performing a selection of psychometric tests under two consecutive MF exposure conditions dictated by assignment to one of three groups (sham/sham, MF exposure/sham, or sham/MF exposure). Data were analyzed using a 3 × 2 mixed model analysis of variance. Performance between repetitions improved in 11 of 15 psychometric parameters (pra... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4785109 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4785109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4772910&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20675 In this study, we assessed exposure to electric fields and contact/induced current from a recreational plasma ball device. The electric field strength was measured as a function of distance from the device, and the contact/induced current was measured with a current clamp in different exposure situations with point or grasping contact. The characteristic spectra of the electric field and contact current were measured, and both the multiple frequency rule and weighting of the spectra were applied according to the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 1998 and 2010 guidelines. The results indicate that the recommended reference levels for the general public are exceeded at distances <1.2 m, and that the contact currents in the hand may be twice higher ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4772910 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4772910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4716873&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20674 AbstractEffects of magnetic field (MF) at 50 Hz on chromatin conformation were studied by the method of anomalous viscosity time dependence (AVTD) in human lymphocytes from two healthy donors. MF within the peak amplitude range of 5–20 µT affected chromatin conformation. These MF effects differed significantly between studied donors, and depended on magnetic flux density and initial condensation of chromatin. While the initial state of chromatin was rather stable in one donor during one calendar year of measurements, the initial condensation varied significantly in cells from another donor. Both this variation and the MF effect depended on temperature during exposure. Despite these variations, the general rule was that MF condensed the relaxed chromatin and relaxed the condensed chr... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4716873 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 00:19:36 +0100 4716873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4716874&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20673 (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4716874 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4716874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4700652&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20669 (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4700652 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 23:17:10 +0100 4700652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4700654&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20672 AbstractWe performed a genotoxicity investigation of extremely low‐frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MFs, 50 Hz, 100 and 500 µT, 1 and 2 h exposure) alone and in combination with known chemical mutagens using the VITOTOX test. This test is a very sensitive reporter assay of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria based on the SOS response. Our study showed that ELF‐MFs do not induce SOS‐based mutagenicity in S. typhimurium bacteria and do not show any synergetic effect when combined with chemical mutagens. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4700654 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4700654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4700653&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20671 AbstractSome studies found that cognitive functions of human beings may be altered while exposed to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted by cellular phones. In two recent studies, we have found that experiment duration and exposure side (i.e., phone's location—right or left) may have a major influence on the detection of such effects. In this brief follow‐up experiment, 29 right‐handed male subjects were divided into two groups. Each subject had two standard cellular phones attached to both sides of his head. The subjects performed a spatial working memory task that required either a left‐hand or a right‐hand response under one of the two exposure conditions: left side of the head or right side. Contrary to our previous studies, in this work external antennas located far away f... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4700653 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4700653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689346&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20647 AbstractPulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) could enhance the cytocidal effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on malignant tumor cell lines, but metastasis effects of PEMF on tumor cells have not been investigated. We investigated the effects of PEMF exposure on the expression levels of some metastasis‐related molecules, including integrin α subunits (α1, α2, α3, α4, α5, α6, αv), integrin β subunits (β1, β2, β3, β4), CD44, and matrix metalloproteinase‐2/9 (MMP‐2/9) in four human osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS, MG‐63, SAOS‐2, NY) and two mouse osteosarcoma cell lines (DOS, LM8) by using FACScan analysis, gelatin zymography, and Western blot analysis. Our results indicate that PEMF exposure has no effect on the expression of some molecules that are associated with tumor cel... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689346 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 22:58:47 +0100 4689346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689348&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20670 (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689348 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4689348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689347&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20652 This article reviews recent studies (published after 1998) on the biological effects of modulated RF fields. The focus is on studies that have compared the effects of modulated and unmodulated (continuous wave) RF fields, or compared the effects of different kinds of modulations; studies that used only one type of signal are not included. While the majority of recent studies have reported no modulation‐specific effects, there are a few interesting exceptions indicating that there may be specific effects from amplitude‐modulated RF fields on the human central nervous system. These findings warrant follow‐up studies. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689347 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4689347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4647815&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20668 AbstractAn in vitro model was set up to investigate the effects of low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) and its induced electric fields on osteoblast cells under inflammatory conditions. Osteoblasts (7F2) were seeded on top of chitosan scaffolds and co‐cultured with macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) growing on the bottom of culture wells, stimulated by lipopolysaccharide to release reactive oxygen species including nitric oxide (NO). The co‐culture was exposed to PEMF (magnitude of the magnetic field = 1.5 mT; induced electric voltage = 2.5 mV; frequency = 75 Hz; pulse duration = 1.3 ms) for 9 h. The osteoblasts were examined for their proliferation, viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and genetic expressions of type I collagen (COL I) and... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4647815 Tue, 29 Mar 2011 22:19:47 +0100 4647815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4628762&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20667 AbstractSystemic treatment of biomaterial‐associated bacterial infections with high doses of antibiotics is an established therapeutic concept. The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the influence of magnetic, electromagnetic, and electric fields on gentamicin‐based, antibiotic therapy. It has been previously reported that these fields are successful in the treatment of bone healing and reducing osteitis in infected tibia‐pseudarthroses. Four separate experimental setups were used to expose bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus aureus both in Mueller‐Hinton broth (MHB) and on Mueller‐Hinton agar (MHA), in the presence of gentamicin, to (1) a low‐frequency magnetic field (MF) 20 Hz, 5 mT; (2) a low‐frequency MF combined with an additional alternating electric f... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4628762 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 22:03:32 +0100 4628762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4624155&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20655 AbstractThere are public concerns regarding possible carcinogenic or cancer‐promoting effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMFs) because of the extensive use of wireless mobile phones and other telecommunication devices in daily life. However, so far it is unclear if non‐thermal exposure of single EMF exposure in animal studies has a direct influence on carcinogenesis. Here, carcinogenic effects of combined signal RF‐EMFs on AKR/J mice, which were used for the lymphoma animal model, were investigated. Six‐week‐old AKR/J mice were simultaneously exposed to two types of RF signals: single code division multiple access (CDMA) and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA). AKR/J mice were exposed to combined RF‐EMFs for 45 min/day, 5 days/week, for a total ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4624155 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 21:56:17 +0100 4624155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4624156&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20665 AbstractIn this manuscript, data demonstrating the magnetic sensitivity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is presented. The effects of low level fields (LLF; 0.2–1 µT), 30 and 120 µT magnetic fields on the proliferation of endothelial cells were investigated. Primary HUVECs were cultured and exposed to the distinct magnetic conditions in the same incubator. Although cell numbers were slightly affected between 30 and 120 µT magnetic fields, reducing the magnetic field to low levels clearly inhibited proliferation. The rationale of introducing LLF is to elucidate a possible mechanism of interaction. Small differences of 30 µT reduce endothelial cell numbers significantly. The addition of free radical scavenger superoxide dismutase suppressed the enhanced prolif... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4624156 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4624156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4602931&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20666 AbstractThe biological effects of extremely low‐frequency electric fields (ELF) on living organisms have been explored in many studies, but the results are controversial and only a few studies investigated the influence of the intensity of the applied field on seedling growth. Here we assess the effects of a 50 Hz sinusoidal electric field on the early growth of Vigna radiata seedlings while varying the field intensity. Experiments performed in a dark, constant‐climate chamber on several thousands of seedlings show that the field produces an inhibitory effect at a low field intensity and an enhancing one at a higher intensity. The maximum negative effect occurs at about 450 V/m, which is an intensity much lower than the exposure limits currently in force in the safety regulations. ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4602931 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 21:51:37 +0100 4602931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4602932&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20662 The objective of this study was to develop a methodology to determine tissue‐specific exposure by expanding the post‐processing of the measured surface or volume scans using standardized compliance testing equipment, that is, specific absorption rate (SAR) scanners. The transformation matrix was developed using the results from generic dipoles to evaluate the relation between the SAR in many brain regions of the Virtual Family anatomical phantoms and in virtual brain regions mapped onto the homogeneous SAM head. A set of transformation factors was derived to correlate the SAR induced in the SAM head to the SAR in the anatomical heads. The evaluation included the uncertainty associated with each factor, arising from the anatomical differences between the phantoms (typically less than 6�... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4602932 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4602932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4585881&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20664 In this study, the genotoxic potential of 3 T clinical MRI scans in cultured human lymphocytes in vitro was investigated by analyzing chromosome aberrations (CA), micronuclei (MN), and single‐cell gel electrophoresis. Human lymphocytes were exposed to electromagnetic fields generated during MRI scanning (clinical routine brain examination protocols: three‐channel head coil) for 22, 45, 67, and 89 min. We observed a significant increase in the frequency of single‐strand DNA breaks following exposure to a 3 T MRI. In addition, the frequency of both CAs and MN in exposed cells increased in a time‐dependent manner. The frequencies of MN in lymphocytes exposed to complex electromagnetic fields for 0, 22, 45, 67, and 89 min were 9.67, 11.67, 14.67, 18.00, and 20.33 per 1000 cells... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4585881 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 18:26:24 +0100 4585881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4585882&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20663 In conclusion, PEMF and IGF‐I augment cartilage explant anabolic activities, increase PG synthesis, and counteract the catabolic activity of IL‐1β in OA grades I and III. We hypothesize that both IGF‐I and PEMF have chondroprotective effects on human articular cartilage, particularly in early stages of OA. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4585882 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4585882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4585883&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20660 AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) has recently published a new research agenda for radiofrequency fields. The document lists high priority and other research needs for health effects research, subdivided into epidemiology, human studies, animal studies, cellular studies and mechanisms, and for social science research. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4585883 Mon, 14 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4585883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4546801&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20661 AbstractPrevious experiments with mice have shown that a repeated 1 h daily exposure to an ambient magnetic field shielded environment induces analgesia (anti‐nociception). This shielding reduces ambient static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MF) by approximately 100 times for frequencies below 120 Hz. To determine the threshold of ELF‐MF amplitude that would attenuate or abolish this effect, 30 and 120 Hz magnetic fields were introduced into the shielded environment at peak amplitudes of 25, 50, 100 and 500 nT. At 30 Hz, peak amplitudes of 50, 100, and 500 nT attenuated this effect in proportion to the amplitude magnitude. At 120 Hz, significant attenuation was observed at all amplitudes. Exposures at 10, 60, 100, and 240 Hz with peak amplitudes of 5... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4546801 Fri, 04 Mar 2011 21:28:12 +0100 4546801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4546802&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20656 We report here the beneficial effect of pre‐sowing magnetic treatment for improving germination parameters and biomass accumulation in soybean. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4546802 Fri, 04 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4546802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4514695&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20654 In this study, the cancer cell lines BGC‐823, MKN‐45, MKN‐28, A549, SPC‐A1, and LOVO were exposed to a low‐frequency MF. Specific parameters of MFs were determined. Furthermore, the potential of the MF to influence cancer cell growth with midkine (MK) expression was evaluated. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were detected using the CCK‐8 assay and flow cytometry. Cell ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. BGC‐823 cells with over‐expression of MK (BGC‐MK cells) and stanniocalcin‐1 were generated by plasmid construction and transfection. Results showed that exposure to a 0.4‐T, 7.5 Hz MF inhibited the proliferation of BGC‐823, MKN‐28, A549, and LOVO cells, but not MKN‐45 and SPC‐A1 cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the MF o... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4514695 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4514695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4504330&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20646 In conclusion, these findings suggested that 100 Hz MF could possibly synergize with 4 Gy X‐ray in terms of survival improvement and tumor inhibition in hepatoma‐implanted mice. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4504330 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4504330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4504329&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20657 AbstractLigand‐gated ion channel kinetics were studied in mammalian transfected cells encoding adult mouse muscle acetylcholine (ACh) receptors. We measured macroscopic and single‐channel currents using the outside‐out and cell‐attached patch‐clamp configurations. Cultured cells were exposed to moderate intensity inhomogeneous static magnetic fields up to 180 mT and measurements were performed for temperatures ranging from 5 to 50 °C. We found no significant changes in ACh‐elicited macroscopic or single‐channel currents. We observed the expected dependence in current decay constants with temperature, but negligible magnetic field influence on the channel's kinetics. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4504329 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4504329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4514694&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20659 AbstractHeat shock proteins, in particular hsp70, are induced under conditions of cellular stress. It has been reported that environmental stimuli such as hyperthermia, oxidative stress, and exposure to magnetic fields increase levels of hsp70. It has also been reported that hyperthermia in combination with magnetic field exposure results in a synergistic increase in hsp70 production. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion in combination with static magnetic field (SMF) exposure will produce a similar synergistic increase in hsp70 production. We exposed cells to heat, SMF, and diethylmaleate (DEM), which depletes GSH levels alone and in combination with each other, and measured hsp70 production using an hsp70/luciferase reporter and mRNA level... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4514694 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4514694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4504328&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20658 AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine millimeter wave (MMW) absorption by blood vessels traversing the subcutaneous fat layer of murine skin. Most calculations were performed using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) technique. We used two types of models: (1) a rectangular block of multilayer tissue with blood vessels traversing the fat layer and (2) cylindrical models with circular and elliptical cross‐sections simulating the real geometry of murine limbs. We found that the specific absorption rate (SAR) in blood vessels normally traversing the fat layer achieved its maximal value at the parallel orientation of the E‐field to the vessel axis. At 42 GHz exposure, the maximal SAR in small blood vessels could be more than 30 times greater than that in the skin... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4504328 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4504328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4479742&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20653 AbstractRadio frequency identification (RFID) is an innovative technology currently applied in a large number of industrial and consumer applications. The spread of RFID technology does not correspond to a parallel increase in studies on its possible impact on health in terms of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. The aim of this paper is to estimate, by computational techniques, the EMF generated by passive RFID systems for mother–newborn identity reconfirmation. The computation was performed on realistic models of newborn and mother for three different reader positions. The compliance with EMF exposure guidelines was investigated as a function of the change in reader–tag specifications (magnetic field threshold and maximum distance of the reader to awake the tag) and time of use of... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4479742 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4479742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4430648&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20651 AbstractWhether the use of mobile phones is a risk factor for brain tumors in adolescents is currently being studied. Case–control studies investigating this possible relationship are prone to recall error and selection bias. We assessed the potential impact of random and systematic recall error and selection bias on odds ratios (ORs) by performing simulations based on real data from an ongoing case–control study of mobile phones and brain tumor risk in children and adolescents (CEFALO study). Simulations were conducted for two mobile phone exposure categories: regular and heavy use. Our choice of levels of recall error was guided by a validation study that compared objective network operator data with the self‐reported amount of mobile phone use in CEFALO. In our validation study, c... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4430648 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4430648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4426385&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20645 AbstractThe effects of low‐intensity extremely high‐frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR; 42.2 GHz, 0.1 mW/cm2, exposure duration 20 min) on the fatty acid (FA) composition of thymic cells and blood plasma in normal mice and in mice with peritoneal inflammation were studied. It was found that the exposure of normal mice to EHF EMR increased the content of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) (eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic) in thymic cells. Using a model of zymosan‐induced peritoneal inflammation, it was shown that the exposure of mice to EHF EMR significantly increased the content of PUFAs (dihomo‐γ‐linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic) and reduced the content of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) (palmitoleic and oleic) in thymic... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4426385 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4426385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4416349&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20644 AbstractIt has been proposed that chronic exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF) in occupational environments could represent a risk factor for a number of disorders. Medical and technical workers in hospitals have been reported to be exposed to relatively strong ELF fields. The present work aims to characterize exposure to MF in the 5 Hz to 2 kHz frequency range in a large hospital through both instantaneous environmental measurements and personal monitoring of workers. The study was conducted in different working environments of a hospital with about 4400 employees, many of them working at two or more different work stations and consequently, exposed to MF levels that were expected to be unevenly distributed in space and time. The results indicate that: (1) Th... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4416349 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 20:13:18 +0100 4416349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4416350&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20650 AbstractThe reason for using acupuncture points as exposure sites in some applications of millimeter wave therapy has been unclear. Acupuncture points have been suspected to exhibit particular direct current (DC), low‐frequency electrical and optical properties compared to surrounding skin. To assess if such a biophysical correlation could exist at millimeter wave frequencies used in the therapy, we investigated the dielectric properties of an acupuncture point on the forearm skin within the 50–75 GHz range. These properties were compared with those of a neighboring ipsilateral control area and a corresponding contralateral control area. The complex reflection coefficient at the end of an open‐ended rectangular waveguide loaded with a Teflon plug was measured with a vector network ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4416350 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4416350 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4408427&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20649 In this study, 3D cell culture systems were exposed to pulsed EMFs in a stripline setup. We found that inhomogeneities in the EMF due to electrodes and conducting lines of the MEA chip had only a minor influence on the field distribution in the spheroid if the exposure parameters were chosen carefully. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4408427 Fri, 28 Jan 2011 19:54:44 +0100 4408427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4408429&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20648 AbstractMobile phone use in the United Kingdom and other countries has risen steeply since the early 1990's when the first digital mobile phones were introduced. There is an ongoing controversy about whether radio frequency (RF) exposure from mobile phones increases the risk of brain cancer. However, given the widespread use and nearly two decades elapsing since mobile phones were introduced, an association should have produced a noticeable increase in the incidence of brain cancer by now. Trends in rates of newly diagnosed brain cancer cases in England between 1998 and 2007 were examined. There were no time trends in overall incidence of brain cancers for either gender, or any specific age group. Systematic increases in rates for cancers of the temporal lobe in men (0.04 new cases/year) a... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4408429 Fri, 28 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4408429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4408428&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20643 AbstractThe present study investigates the response of two human cancer cell lines to a 24‐h treatment with a 2.2‐GHz, pulse‐modulated (5 µs pulse duration, 100 Hz repetition rate) radar‐like signal at an average SAR = 0.023 W/kg, using a newly designed setup for in vitro exposure to radiofrequency (RF) fields. A complete discretized model of the setup was created for numerical dosimetry using finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) software, SEMCAD X. The average dose of RF radiation absorbed by the cultures was calculated to be subthermal (ΔT < 0.1 °C). The RF exposure induced a consistent, statistically significant reduction in the cell number (13.5% below controls, P < 0.001) in the neuroblastoma NB69 line. This effect was accompanied with slight b... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4408428 Fri, 28 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4408428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4334282&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20642 This article seeks to determine the most appropriate averaging mass (1, 3, 5, 7, or 10 g) and averaging shape (cube or sphere). We also consider an alternative metric, volumetric energy absorption rate (VAR), which uses volume averaging (over 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 cm3; cube and sphere). The SAR and VAR averaging approaches were compared by considering which was a better predictor of tissue temperature rise (ΔT) induced by near‐ and far‐field RF exposures (0.5–6 GHz), calculated in a detailed human body model. For the exposure scenarios that we examined, VAR is better correlated with ΔT than SAR, though not at a statistically significant level for most of the metric types we studied. However, as VAR offers substantive advantages in ease of assessment we recommend this metric over... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4334282 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 20:59:17 +0100 4334282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4279548&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20639 (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4279548 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 22:13:59 +0100 4279548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4279554&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20635 AbstractFor the last two decades, a large number of studies have investigated the effects of mobile phone radiation on the human brain and cognition using behavioral or neurophysiological measurements. This review evaluated previous findings with respect to study design and data analysis. Provocation studies found no evidence of subjective symptoms attributed to mobile phone radiation, suggesting psychological reasons for inducing such symptoms in hypersensitive people. Behavioral studies previously reported improved cognitive performance under exposure, but it was likely to have occurred by chance due to multiple comparisons. Recent behavioral studies and replication studies with more conservative statistics found no significant effects compared with original studies. Neurophysiological s... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4279554 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4279554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4279553&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20634 AbstractThe production of spindle disturbances in a human–hamster hybrid (AL) cell line by an electromagnetic field (EMF) with field strength of 90 V/m at a frequency of 900 MHz was studied in greater detail. The experimental setup presented allows investigating whether either the electrical (E) and/or the magnetic (H) field component of EMF can be associated with the effectiveness of the spindle‐disturbing potential. Therefore, both field components of a transversal electromagnetic field (TEM) wave have been separated during exposure of the biological system. This procedure should give more insight on understanding the underlying mechanisms of non‐thermal effects of EMF. A statistical comparison of the proportions of the fractions of ana‐ and telophases with spindle disturbanc... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4279553 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4279553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4279552&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20632 AbstractA randomized, double‐blind, sham‐controlled, feasibility and dosing study was undertaken to determine if a common pulsing electromagnetic field (PEMF) treatment could moderate the substantial osteopenia that occurs after forearm disuse. Ninety‐nine subjects were randomized into four groups after a distal radius fracture, or carpal surgery requiring immobilization in a cast. Active or identical sham PEMF transducers were worn on the distal forearm for 1, 2, or 4 h/day for 8 weeks starting after cast removal (“baseline”) when bone density continues to decline. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone geometry were measured in the distal forearm by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at entry (“baseline”) and 8, 16... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4279552 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4279552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4279551&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20633 AbstractElectromagnetic fields (EMF) have been shown to exert beneficial effects on cartilage tissue. Nowadays, differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are discussed as an alternative approach for cartilage repair. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the impact of EMF on hMSCs during chondrogenic differentiation. HMSCs at cell passages five and six were differentiated in pellet cultures in vitro under the addition of human fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2) and human transforming growth factor‐β3 (TGF‐β3). Cultures were exposed to homogeneous sinusoidal extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields (5 mT) produced by a solenoid or were kept in a control system. After 3 weeks of culture, chondrogenesis was assessed by toluidine blue and safranin‐O staining, i... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4279551 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4279551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4279550&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20640 This study investigates occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in front of a multi‐band base station antenna for mobile communications at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz. Finite‐difference time‐domain method was used to first validate the antenna model against measurement results published in the literature and then investigate the specific absorption rate (SAR) in two heterogeneous, anatomically correct human models (Virtual Family male and female) at distances from 10 to 1000 mm. Special attention was given to simultaneous exposure to fields of three different frequencies, their interaction and the additivity of SAR resulting from each frequency. The results show that the highest frequency—2100 MHz—results in the highest spatial‐peak SAR averaged over 10 g of tissue,... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4279550 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4279550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4279549&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20641 In conclusion, the data presented here show that cultured keratinocytes are not significantly affected by EMF exposure. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4279549 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4279549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4262177&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20637 This study developed a lighting system that produces an approximate spectral irradiance (SI) of ground level sunlight in the wavelength range of 385–910 nm (GLS385–910) using 547 light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with 32 different peak wavelengths. The produced SI can be modified over an arbitrary wavelength band. The SI at the light outlet reached up to 1/2 of the GLS385–910 of a sunny April day, although the produced SI deviated from the GLS385–910 at some wavelengths. For subsequent experiments, the reference SI was defined as 1/4 GLS385–910 of a sunny April day. The SI produced from the lighting system was adjusted to approximate the reference SI. The ratios of the produced SI and the reference SI were within 0.72–1.28. As an application of the lighting system for biological... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4262177 Thu, 16 Dec 2010 10:17:19 +0100 4262177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4262179&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20638 AbstractResults of key Soviet‐era studies dealing with effects on the immune system and teratological consequences in rats exposed to radiofrequency (RF) fields serve, in part, as a basis for setting exposure limits in the USSR and the current RF standards in Russia. The World Health Organization's (WHO) International EMF Project considered these Soviet results important enough that they should be confirmed using more modern methods. Since the Soviet papers did not contain comprehensive details on how the results were obtained, Professor Yuri Grigoriev worked with Dr. Bernard Veyret to agree on the final study protocol and to conduct separate studies in Moscow and Bordeaux under the same protocol. The International Oversight Committee (IOC) provided oversight on the conduct of the studie... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4262179 Wed, 15 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4262179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4262178&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20636 AbstractThe teeth of the Polyplacophora Chiton Acanthochiton Rubrolinestus contain biomineralized magnetite crystallites whose biological functions in relation to structure and magnetic properties are not well understood. Here, using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, we find that the saturation magnetization (σs) and the Verwey transition temperature (Tv) of tooth particles are 78.4 emu/g and 105 K, respectively. These values are below those of the stoichiometric magnetite. An in situ examination of the structure of the magnetite‐bearing region within an individual tooth using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy indicates magnetite microcrystals form electron‐dense polycrystalline sheets with typical lengths of about 800 nm and widt... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4262178 Wed, 15 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4262178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4217391&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20631 AbstractIt has been claimed that weak extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMFs) can affect biochemical reactions and a wide‐ranging body of literature is available on this topic. Nevertheless, the physical nature of these effects remains largely unknown. We investigated the influence of ELF‐EMF on glutamic acid solutions using Fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) spectra. Samples were exposed for 10, 20, or 30 min to a weak EMF generated by Helmoltz coils, and then placed in a spectrometer. After exposure, those solutions that had a pH lower than the isoelectric point tended to show a shift toward the deprotonation of the carboxylic group, while solutions having a pH greater than the isoelectric point showed the deprotonation of the... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4217391 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4217391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4210886&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20627 AbstractPersonal exposure meters (PEM) are routinely used for the exposure assessment to radio frequency electric or magnetic fields. However, their readings are subject to errors associated with perturbations of the fields caused by the presence of the human body. This paper presents a novel analysis method for the characterization of this effect. Using ray‐tracing techniques, PEM measurements have been emulated, with and without an approximation of this shadowing effect. In particular, the Global System for Mobile Communication mobile phone frequency band was chosen for its ubiquity and, specifically, we considered the case where the subject is walking outdoors in a relatively open area. These simulations have been contrasted with real PEM measurements in a 35‐min walk. Results show ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4210886 Tue, 30 Nov 2010 18:28:47 +0100 4210886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4210887&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20628 AbstractThe Interphone Study on brain cancer rests upon a case–control design with recall of past exposures recorded with substantial inaccuracy and low participation rates. This commentary questions the wisdom in choosing this design and argues that funding could and should have been used better by setting up a large‐scale cohort study that could address other potential endpoints besides cancer. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4210887 Tue, 30 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4210887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194469&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20630 AbstractLow‐frequency (LF) electric fields (EFs) are currently used in clinical therapies of several bone diseases to increase bone regenerative processes. To identify possible molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, we evaluated the effects on cell cultures of 1 h exposures to the signal generated by an apparatus of current clinical use (frequency 60 kHz, frequency of the modulating signal 12.5 Hz, 50% duty cycle, peak‐to‐peak voltage 24.5 V). Two different human cell lines, bone SaOS‐2 and liver HepG2, were used. Exposures significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymatic activity in both cell lines. The increase was about 35% in SaOS‐2 cells and about 80% in HepG2 cells and occurred in the first 4 h after exposure and decreased to almost no chang... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194469 Wed, 24 Nov 2010 10:34:32 +0100 4194469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4173800&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20629 AbstractPulsed magnetic fields (PMFs) have well‐known beneficial effects on nerve regeneration. However, little research has examined the nerve conduction characteristics of regenerating peripheral nerves under PMF. The main goal of this study was to examine the conduction characteristics of regenerating peripheral nerves under PMFs. The sucrose‐gap recording technique was used to examine the conduction properties of injured sciatic nerves of rats exposed to PMF. Following the injury, peripheral nerves were very sensitive to repetitive stimulation. When the stimulation frequency was increased, the amplitude of the compound action potential (CAP) decreased more at 15 days post‐crush injury (dpc) than at 38 dpc. PMF treatment for 38 days after injury caused significant differences in... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4173800 Wed, 17 Nov 2010 14:45:16 +0100 4173800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4173803&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20625 AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether a moderate‐intensity static magnetic field (SMF) can enhance the killing effect of adriamycin (ADM) on K562 cells, and to explore the effects of SMF combined with ADM on K562 cells. We analyzed the metabolic activity of cells, cell cycle distribution, DNA damage, change in cell ultrastructure, and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) expression after K562 cells were exposed continuously to a uniform 8.8 mT SMF for 12 h, with or without ADM. Our results showed that the SMF combined with ADM (25 ng/ml) significantly inhibited the metabolic activity of K562 cells (P < 0.05), while neither ADM nor the SMF alone affected the metabolic activity of these cells. Cell ultrastructure was altered in the SMF + ADM group. For example, cel... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4173803 Wed, 17 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4173803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4173802&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20624 AbstractThe effects of a static magnetic field (SMF) on the proliferation of various types of human cells were determined. All cultures were maintained at 37 °C throughout the experiment. SMF was generated by placing two magnets oppositely oriented on either side of a T25 flask. The flux density in the flask ranged from 35 to 120 mT. Growth curves were constructed by plotting cell number at 18 h and 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after seeding, with the 18‐h point being a measure of attachment efficiency. Exposure to SMF significantly decreased initial attachment of fibroblasts and decreased subsequent growth compared to sham‐exposed control. Significant effects were observed in both fetal lung (WI‐38) and adult skin fibroblasts, but they were generally larger in the fetal lung fibrobl... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4173802 Wed, 17 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4173802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4173801&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20619 AbstractThe effect of the extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field on citric acid and cellulase production by Aspergillus niger using liquid Charles culture medium was studied during shake flask culture. The cellular suspension was exposed to a magnetic field (t = 4 h, B = 1 mT, and f = 50 Hz). The dependence of yield of citric acid and activity of cellulase on time of exposure and on the value of the magnetic field induction B was measured. Both yield of citric acid and activity of cellulase increased with increasing exposure time and/or induction B, but the quantity of the effect was dependent on the chemical structure of metabolites. The metabolism of citric acid was more sensitive to the magnetic field than that of cellulase. From the measurement of the metabolism... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4173801 Wed, 17 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4173801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4113733&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20620 Abstract (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4113733 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4113733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4034316&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20612 Abstract (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4034316 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4034316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3985429&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20613 Abstract (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3985429 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 09:00:19 +0100 3985429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3949254&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20606 Abstract (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3949254 Fri, 10 Sep 2010 09:59:59 +0100 3949254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3918569&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20608 (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3918569 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3918569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3887560&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20603 (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3887560 Sat, 21 Aug 2010 07:54:50 +0100 3887560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3825729&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20604 The aim of this study is the development of an Electromagnetic Environmental Impact Factor (EEIF). This is a global parameter that represents the level of electromagnetic impact on a specific area due to the presence of radiating systems, such as base station (BS) antennas for mobile communications. The numerical value of the EEIF depends only on the electromagnetic field intensity, a well-defined physical quantity that can easily be measured or computed. The paper describes the significant parameters of the field distribution adopted to evaluate the EEIF, and the assumptions used to develop a proper scale of values. Finally, some examples of application of the EEIF method are analyzed for real situations in a typical urban area. Bioelectromagnetics © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Bioele... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3825729 Thu, 05 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3825729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3825731&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20602 It has recently been reported that the exposure of human spermatozoa to an extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic field (EMF) with a square waveform of 5 mT amplitude and frequency of 50 Hz improves sperm motility. The functional relationship between the energy metabolism and the enhancement of human sperm motility induced by ELF-EMF was investigated. Sperm exposure to ELF-EMF resulted in a progressive and significant increase of mitochondrial membrane potential and levels of ATP, ADP and NAD+ that was associated with a progressive and significant increase in the sperm kinematic parameters. No significant effects were detected on other parameters such as ATP/ADP ratio and energy charge. When carbamoyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CICCP) was applied to inhibit the oxidative phosp... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3825731 Wed, 04 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3825731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3825730&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20600 No Abstract. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3825730 Wed, 04 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3825730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3819417&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20599 The effect of static magnetic fields on the budding of single yeast cells was investigated using a magnetic circuit that was capable of generating a strong magnetic field (2.93 T) and gradient (6100 T2 m-1). Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells were grown in an aqueous YPD agar in a silica capillary under either a homogeneous or inhomogeneous static magnetic field. Although the size of budding yeast cells was only slightly affected by the magnetic fields after 4 h, the budding angle was clearly affected by the direction of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic fields. In the homogeneous magnetic field, the budding direction of daughter yeast cells was mainly oriented in the direction of magnetic field B. However, when subjected to the inhomogeneous magnetic field, the daughter yeast c... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3819417 Wed, 04 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3819417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3819419&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20598 A macrophage assay and proteomic screening were used to investigate the biological activity of soluble factors in the plasma of millimeter wave-exposed rats. NR8383 rat macrophages were incubated for 24 h with 10% plasma from male Sprague-Dawley rats that had been exposed to sham conditions, or exposed to 42 °C environmental heat or 35 GHz millimeter waves at 75 mW/cm2 until core temperature reached 41.0 °C. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, image analysis, and Western blotting were used to analyze approximately 600 protein spots in the cell lysates for changes in protein abundance and levels of 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of macrophage stimulation. Proteins of interest were identified using peptide mass fingerprinting. Compared to plasma from sham-exposed rats, plasma fr... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3819419 Mon, 02 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3819419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3819418&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20601 In the last few years, significant developments have taken place in the field of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), and the popularity of portable devices supporting Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) is continuously growing. At the same time, the number of Active Implanted Medical Devices (AIMD) being placed in patients is widely increasing and among them, cochlear implants (CI) are becoming a common aid. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect on the electromagnetic field distribution and the specific absorption rate (SAR) due to the presence of a CI in a head model during far-field exposure to Wi-Fi frequencies. The head model was obtained by image segmentation, the implant was modelled as a geometric structure, and the exposure sources were modelled as a uniform plane wave (power ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3819418 Mon, 02 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3819418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3741881&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20591 This study describes the effects of a static magnetic field (SMF) on cell growth and DNA integrity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Fast halo assay was used to investigate nuclear damage; quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), standard PCR, and real-time PCR were used to evaluate mitochondrial DNA integrity, content, and gene expression. HUVECs were continually exposed to a 300 mT SMF for 4, 24, 48, and 72 h. Compared to control samples (unexposed cultures) the SMF-exposed cells did not show a statistically significant change in their viability. Conversely, the static field was shown to be significant after 4 h of exposure, inducing damage on both the nuclear and mitochondrial levels, reducing mitochondrial content and increasing reactive oxygen species. Twenty-f... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3741881 Sat, 10 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3741881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3728493&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20595 Conductive nanoparticles may enhance tissue heating during radiofrequency (RF) irradiation. Specific absorption rate (SAR) is known to rise with the electrical conductivity of tissue. However, no studies to date have measured the relationship between complex permittivity and nanoparticle concentration in tissue-like samples. The complex permittivities of colloids containing single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in normal (0.9%) saline were measured from 20 MHz to 1 GHz. Carbon concentrations ranged from 0 to 93 mM (0.06% volume), based on SWCNT weight per volume. Measurements were made with 0.02% Pluronic F108 surfactant added to the colloids to prevent SWCNT flocculation. The data were fit to the Cole-Cole relaxation model with an added constant phase angle element to correct for electrod... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3728493 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3728493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3728501&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20597 A doubly resonant cavity was used to search for nonlinear radiofrequency (RF) energy conversion in a range of biological preparations, thereby testing the hypothesis that living tissue can demodulate RF carriers and generate baseband signals. The samples comprised high-density cell suspensions (human lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells); adherent cells (IMR-32 human neuroblastoma, G361 human melanoma, HF-19 human fibroblasts, N2a murine neuroblastoma (differentiated and non-differentiated) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells) and thin sections or slices of mouse tissues (brain, kidney, muscle, liver, spleen, testis, heart and diaphragm). Viable and non-viable (heat killed or metabolically impaired) samples were tested. Over 500 cell and tissue samples were placed within the cavity, e... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3728501 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3728501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3728500&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20596 Evidence from epidemiological and animal studies showed that exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) could produce deleterious effects on reproduction. In order to investigate the possible mechanism of MF exposure on reproductive effects, first trimester human chorionic villi at 8-10 weeks' gestation were obtained, and trophoblasts were isolated, cultured, and exposed to a 50-Hz MF for different durations. The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and progesterone in the culture medium was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes bcl-2, bax, caspase-3, p53, and fas in trophoblasts were analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. The results showed that exposure of trophoblasts to MF at 0.2 mT for 72 h did not affect secretion of hC... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3728500 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3728500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3728499&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20594 For the first time, in situ electromagnetic field exposure of the general public to fields from long term evolution (LTE) cellular base stations is assessed. Exposure contributions due to different radiofrequency (RF) sources are compared with LTE exposure at 30 locations in Stockholm, Sweden. Total exposures (0.2-2.6 V/m) satisfy the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference levels (from 28 V/m for frequency modulation (FM), up to 61 V/m for LTE) at all locations. LTE exposure levels up to 0.8 V/m were measured, and the average contribution of the LTE signal to the total RF exposure equals 4%. Bioelectromagnetics © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3728499 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3728499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3728498&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20593 The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible effects of short-term exposure to a 1439-MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) employing time division multiple access (TDMA), which is the basis of the Japanese Personal Digital Cellular system, on estrogenic activity in rats. Sixty-four ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: EMF exposure (EM), sham exposure, cage control, and 17 beta-estradiol injected (E2). The EM group was exposed, for 4 h per day on three consecutive days, to the 1439-MHz TDMA signal that produced 5.5-6.1 and 0.88-0.99 W/kg average specific absorption rates in the brain and the whole body, respectively. The uterine wet mass and serum estradiol level significantly increased in the E2 group, while there were no differences among the other th... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3728498 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3728498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3728497&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20592 The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of a 180 mT moderate-intensity gradient SMF on DW healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty-eight 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (32 diabetic and 16 non-diabetic rats) were assigned to three equal groups: normal wound, DW, and DW + SMF groups. An open circular wound with 1.5 cm diameter was created in the dorsum. The wound was covered with a dressing and the magnet was fixed on top of the dressing. On days 5, 12, and 19, four rats of each group were euthanized and gross wound area, histology and tensile strength were evaluated. The wound area determination suggested that SMF significantly increased the healing rate and reduced the gross healing time. This result was further confirmed by histological ob... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3728497 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3728497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3728496&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20590 Recent behavioral observations have indicated that bats can sense the Earth's magnetic field. To unravel the magnetoreception mechanism, the present study has utilized magnetic measurements on three migratory species (Miniopterus fuliginosus, Chaerephon plicata, and Nyctalus plancyi) and three non-migratory species (Hipposideros armiger, Myotis ricketti, and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Room temperature isothermal remanent magnetization acquisition and alternating-field demagnetization showed that the bats' heads contain soft magnetic particles. Statistical analyses indicated that the saturation isothermal remanent magnetization of brains (SIRM1T_brain) of migratory species is higher than those of non-migratory species. Furthermore, the SIRM1T_brain of migratory bats is greater than their S... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3728496 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3728496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3728495&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20589 We examined the histological changes by radiofrequency (RF) fields on rat testis, specifically with respect to sensitive processes such as spermatogenesis. Male rats were exposed to 848.5 MHz RF for 12 weeks. The RF exposure schedule consisted of two 45-min RF exposure periods, separated by a 15-min interval. The whole-body average specific absorption rate (SAR) of RF was 2.0 W/kg. We then investigated correlates of testicular function such as sperm counts in the cauda epididymis, malondialdehyde concentrations in the testes and epididymis, frequency of spermatogenesis stages, germ cell counts, and appearance of apoptotic cells in the testes. We also performed p53, bcl-2, caspase 3, p21, and PARP immunoblotting of the testes in sham- and RF-exposed animals. Based on these results, we concl... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3728495 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3728495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3728494&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20588 Electrosurgical units (ESU) are widely used in medical health services. By applying sinusoidal or pulsed voltage in the frequency range of 0.3-5 MHz to the electrode tip, the desired mixture of coagulation and cutting are achieved. Due to the high voltage and current in the cable, strong electromagnetic fields appear near the ESU. The surgeon and others inside the operating room such as nurses, anesthesiologists, etc., will be highly exposed to these fields. The stray fields surrounding the ESU have previously been measured, but now a deeper analysis has been made of the curve shape of the field and the implication of this when assessing exposure from a commonly used ESU in accordance with the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. The result sho... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3728494 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3728494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860591&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20602 (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860591 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3860591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3839261&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20573 (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3839261 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3839261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3839260&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20570 Abstract (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3839260 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3839260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3839259&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20568 Abstract (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3839259 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3839259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3839258&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20566 Abstract (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3839258 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3839258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3839257&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20562 Abstract (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3839257 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3839257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3839245&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20591 (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3839245 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3839245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3627978&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20585 This article presents the measurement results of human exposure to CDMA800 and CDMA1800 signals at locations in Korea where the general public has expressed concern. Measurements were performed at 50 locations across the country to compare the electromagnetic field levels with the general public exposure compliance limits. At each site, the distances between the nearest single or co-located base station and measurement positions were within a range of approximately 32-422 m. The measured exposure levels were very low compared with the international standard and the Korean human protection notice. The highest field level was 1.5 V/m, which corresponds to 0.15% of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines for human exposure. Bioelectromagnetics © ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3627978 Thu, 03 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3627978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3620095&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20587 This study clearly suggests that a careful evaluation of correction factors for different scenarios is needed prior to the definition of the study protocol. It has to be noted that the reference scenario used in this study does not allow for final conclusions on general correction factors. Bioelectromagnetics © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3620095 Tue, 01 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3620095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3620096&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20586 The objective was to study whether different types of information were rated as equally useful, informative, comprehensible, and trustworthy. Moreover, an important issue was whether information would influence risk perception and intended behavior. The conclusion is that lay people rate information about risks associated with a new and largely unknown technology more useful and trustworthy when provided with brief statements about how to handle the risk, rather than more lengthy technical information about why the technology may or may not entail health hazards. Further, the results demonstrate that information may increase concern among a large proportion of the population, and that discrepancies exist between expressed concern and intended behavior. Bioelectromagnetics © 2010 Wiley-Lis... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3620096 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3620096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3544622&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20581 In conclusion, our data suggest that ELF-MF exposure can strengthen ATRA effects on neuroblastoma cells. Bioelectromagnetics © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3544622 Fri, 07 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3544622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3544624&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20582 No Abstract. (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3544624 Thu, 06 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3544624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3544623&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20584 Effects of high-frequency, continuous wave (CW) electromagnetic fields on mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) and water convovuluses (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.) were studied at different growth stages (pre-sown seed and early seedling). Specifically, the effects of the electromagnetic source's power and duration (defined as power-duration level) on the growth of the two species were studied. Mung beans and water convolvuluses were exposed to electromagnetic fields inside a specially designed chamber for optimum field absorption, and the responses of the seeds to a constant frequency at various power levels and durations of exposure were monitored. The frequency used in the experiments was 425 MHz, the field strengths were 1 mW, 100 mW, and 10 W, and the exposure durations were 1, 2, and 4 h. Resu... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3544623 Thu, 06 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3544623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3513719&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20578 This is the first of two articles addressing the most appropriate crossover frequency at which incident power flux density (Sinc) replaces the spatial peak value of the specific energy absorption rate (SAR) averaged over 1 or 10 g (i.e., peak 1 or 10 g SAR) as the basic restriction for protecting against radiofrequency (RF) heating effects in the 1-10 GHz range. Our general approach has been to compare the degree of correlation between these basic restrictions and the peak induced tissue temperature rise ([Delta]T) for a representative range of population/exposure scenarios. In this article we particularly address the effect of human population diversity in the thickness of body tissue layers at eight different sites of the body. We used a Monte Carlo approach to specify 32000 models (400 ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3513719 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3513719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3513721&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20583 The present study was conducted to determine whether adolescents and/or the elderly are more sensitive to mobile phone (MP)-related bioeffects than young adults, and to determine this for both 2nd generation (2G) GSM, and 3rd generation (3G) W-CDMA exposures. To test this, resting alpha activity (8-12 Hz band of the electroencephalogram) was assessed because numerous studies have now reported it to be enhanced by MP exposure. Forty-one 13-15 year olds, forty-two 19-40 year olds, and twenty 55-70 year olds were tested using a double-blind crossover design, where each participant received Sham, 2G and 3G exposures, separated by at least 4 days. Alpha activity, during exposure relative to baseline, was recorded and compared between conditions. Consistent with previous research, the young adul... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3513721 Tue, 27 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3513721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3513720&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20580 The aim of the present study was to investigate possible cooperative effects of radiofrequency (RF) radiation and ferrous chloride (FeCl2) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage. In order to test intracellular ROS production as a possible underlying mechanism of DNA damage, we applied the fluorescent probe DCFH-DA. Integrity of DNA was quantified by alkaline comet assay. The exposures to 872 MHz RF radiation were conducted at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 5 W/kg using continuous waves (CW) or a modulated signal similar to that used in Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) phones. Four groups were included: (1) Sham exposure (control), (2) RF radiation, (3) Chemical treatment, (4) Chemical treatment, and RF radiation. In the ROS production experiments, huma... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3513720 Tue, 27 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3513720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3451947&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20577 The aim of this study was to reveal whether static magnetic fields (SMFs) influence the repair of radiation-damaged DNA on leukocytes or has any effect on DNA. After 4 Gy of 60Co-[gamma] irradiation, some of the samples were exposed to inhomogeneous SMFs with a lateral magnetic flux density gradient of 47.7, 1.2, or 0.3 T/m by 10 mm lateral periodicity, while other samples were exposed to homogeneous SMF of 159.2 ± 13.4 mT magnetic flux density for a time period of 0.5 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 18, 20, or 24 h. Another set of samples was exposed to the aforementioned SMFs before gamma irradiation. The following three groups were examined: (i) exposed to SMF only, (ii) exposed to SMF following irradiation by 60Co-[gamma], and (iii) exposed to SMF before 60Co-[gamma] irradiation. The analysis of the... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3451947 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3451947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3451948&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20576 For 8 weeks, adult CD-1 male mice were continuously exposed to complex time-varying pulsed magnetic fields (PMF) generated in the horizontal direction by a set of square Helmholtz coils. The PMF were (Source: Bioelectromagnetics) Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3451948 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3451948 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3446842&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20579 This article presents a high-power waveguide exposure system capable of dealing with monochromatic, multicarrier or pulsed signals between 1.8 and 3.2 GHz (L- and S-band) with a pulse duration as low as 90 ns, minimum pulse repetition of 100 Hz, and maximum instantaneous power of 100 W. The setup is currently being used with a 2.2 GHz carrier modulated by 5 µs pulses with a 100 Hz repetition period and approximately 30 W of instantaneous power. After a worst-case temperature analysis, which does not account for conduction and convection thermal effects, the experiment's exposure is considered sub-thermal. Evaluation of the results through the specific absorption rate distribution is not considered sufficient enough in these cases. An electromagnetic field distribution analysis is needed. ... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3446842 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3446842 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3427136&cid=s_33754_37_f&fid=33754&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fbem.20574 This is the second of the two articles that present modeling data and reasoned arguments for specifying the appropriate crossover frequency at which incident power flux density (Sinc) replaces the peak 10 g averaged value of the specific energy absorption rate (SAR) as the designated basic restriction for protecting against radiofrequency electromagnetic heating effects in the 1-10 GHz range. In our first study, we compared the degree of correlation between these basic restrictions and the peak-induced tissue temperature rise ([Delta]T) for a representative range of population/exposure scenarios using simple multi-planar models exposed to plane wave conditions. In this complementary study, complex heterogeneous head models for an adult and 12-year-old child were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, 8, and... Bioelectromagnetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3427136 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3427136