MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Biofouling' source. Mon, 06 Feb 2012 16:52:01 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619391&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22248243%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hedge LH, Johnston EL Abstract Artificial structures associated with shipping and boating activities provide habitats for a diverse suite of non-indigenous marine species. Little is known about the proportion of invader success in nearby waters that is attributable to these structures. Areas close to piles, wharves and piers are likely to be exposed to increasing levels of propagule pressure, enhancing the recruitment of non-indigenous species. Recruitment of non-indigenous and native marine biofouling taxa were evaluated at different distances from a large commercial shipping pier. Since artificial structures also represent a desirable habitat for fish, how predation on marine invertebrates influences the establishment of non-indigenous and native species was also evaluat... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619391 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 06:06:02 +0100 5619391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619390&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22257270%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Svendsen IE, Santos O, Sotres J, Wennerberg A, Breding K, Arnebrant T, Lindh L Abstract Ellipsometry and mechanically assisted sodium dodecyl sulphate elution was utilized to study the adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA), human immunoglobulin G (IgG), and laminin-1, as well as competitive adsorption from a mixture of these proteins on spin-coated and sintered hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces, respectively. The HA surfaces were characterized with respect to wettability and roughness by means of water contact angles and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Both surface types were hydrophilic, and the average roughness (Sa) and surface enlargement (Sdr) were lower for the sintered compared to the spin-coated HA surfaces. The adsorbed amounts on the sintered HA increased as ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619390 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619389&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22257312%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, plastic counter-mounted, plastic wall-mounted and stainless steel wall-mounted dispensers were analyzed for suspended and biofilm bacteria using total cell and viable plate counts. Independent of dispenser type or construction material, the bulk soap was contaminated with 4-7 log(10)(CFU ml(-1)) bacteria, while 4-6 log(10)(CFU cm(-2)) biofilm bacteria were isolated from the inside surfaces of the dispensers (n = 6). Dispenser remediation studies, including a 10 min soak with 5000 mg l(-1) sodium hypochlorite, were then conducted to determine the efficacy of cleaning and disinfectant procedures against established biofilms. The testing showed that contamination of the bulk soap returned to pre-test levels within 7-14 days. These results demonstrate biofilm is present in co... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619389 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5596596&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22235758%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Al-Sohaibani S, Murugan K Abstract Salvadora persica sticks are used for chewing and oral-hygiene measures worldwide. The growth inhibition and anti-biofilm effects of various extracts on cariogenic Streptococcus mutans isolates were evaluated. Biofilm inhibition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses for phytochemicals and their possible mode of interaction with biofilm response regulators were revealed using LigandFit docking protocols. All S. persica extracts showed considerable inhibitory activity and the cariogenic S. mutans showed varied susceptibility when compared with controls. The percentage reduction in biofilm inhibition obtained for methanol, ethanol, chloroform, acetone, and aqueous extracts were 87.92%, 85.75%, 72.44%, 61.66% and 58.68%, resp... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5596596 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5596596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5596595&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22235790%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined a range of allelochemicals suspected to inhibit metamorphosis in marine larvae. Five allelochemicals were screened in a larval metamorphosis bioassay using Ciona savignyi Herdman to determine their potential as a remedy for ascidian fouling in bivalve aquaculture. Three of the compounds tested inhibited ascidian larval metamorphosis and increased mortality at low concentrations. These were radicicol (99% inhibition of metamorphosis [IC(99)], 0.8 μg ml(-1); 99% lethal concentration [LC(99)], 2.5 μg ml(-1); 99% lethal time [LT(99)], 7.0 days), polygodial (IC(99), 0.003 μg ml(-1); LC(99), 0.9 μg ml(-1); LT(99), 6.4 days), and ubiquinone-10 (IC(99), 3.2 μg cm(-2); LC(99), 14.5 μg cm(-2); LT(99), 5.6 days; expressed as μg cm(-2) due to insolubility in water and ethano... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5596595 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5596595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5596594&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22235813%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Castelijn GA, van der Veen S, Zwietering MH, Moezelaar R, Abee T Abstract The biofilm forming behavior of 51 Salmonella Typhimurium strains was determined in Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB) and 20 times diluted TSB (1/20TSB) at 25°C and 37°C. The results indicated that biofilm forming behavior is influenced by environmental conditions and associated with the origin of the strains. Clinical, outbreak-associated and retail product isolates showed dense biofilm formation in both media at 25°C, and in TSB also at 37°C. However, industrial isolates only showed dense biofilm formation in 1/20TSB at 25°C. By enumeration of biofilm cells, LIVE/DEAD staining and SEM analysis of biofilms it was found that the ratio of cells and extracellular matrix is affected by environmental condit... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5596594 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5596594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5596593&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22235850%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilkens SL, Stanley JA, Jeffs AG Abstract Underwater sound plays an important role in the settlement behaviour of many coastal organisms. Large steel-hulled vessels are known to be a major source of underwater sound in the marine environment. The possibility that underwater sound from vessels may promote biofouling of hulls through triggering natural larval settlement cues was investigated for the mussel, Perna canaliculus. The mussel larvae showed significantly faster settlement when exposed to the underwater noise produced by a 125-m long steel-hulled passenger and freight ferry. Median time to attachment on the substrata (ie settlement) was reduced by 22% and the time taken for all experimental larvae to settle was reduced by 40% relative to a silent control. There was ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5596593 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5596593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5509413&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22146003%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Evariste E, Gachon CM, Callow ME, Callow JA Abstract Species of filamentous brown algae in the family Ectocarpaceae are significant members of fouling communities. However, there are few systematic studies on the influence of surface physico-chemical properties on their adhesion. In the present paper the development of a novel, laboratory-based adhesion bioassay for ectocarpoid algae, at an appropriate scale for the screening of sets of experimental samples in well-replicated and controlled experiments is described. The assays are based on the colonization of surfaces from a starting inoculum consisting of multicellular filaments obtained by blending the cultured alga Ectocarpus crouaniorum. The adhesion strength of the biomass after 14 days growth was assessed by applying... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5509413 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 22:24:22 +0100 5509413 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5509412&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22150164%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mukherjee J, Karunakaran E, Biggs CA Abstract Biofilm formation is a developmental process in which initial reversible adhesion is governed by physico-chemical forces, whilst irreversible adhesion is mediated by biological changes within a cell, such as the production of extracellular polymeric substances. Using two bacteria, E. coli MG1655 and B. cereus ATCC 10987, this study establishes that the surface of the bacterial cell also undergoes specific modifications, which result in biofilm formation and maintenance. Using various surface characterisation techniques and proteomics, an increase in the surface exposed proteins on E. coli cells during biofilm formation was demonstrated, along with an increase in hydrophobicity and a decrease in surface charge. For B. cereus, an... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5509412 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 22:24:13 +0100 5509412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473476&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22087876%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang Y, Pitet LM, Finlay JA, Brewer LH, Cone G, Betts DE, Callow ME, Callow JA, Wendt DE, Hillmyer MA, Desimonea JM Abstract The facile preparation of amphiphilic network coatings having a hydrophobic dimethacryloxy-functionalized perfluoropolyether (PFPE-DMA; M (w) = 1500 g mol(-1)) crosslinked with hydrophilic monomethacryloxy functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomers (PEG-MA; M (w) = 300, 475, 1100 g mol(-1)), intended as non-toxic high-performance marine coatings exhibiting antifouling characteristics is demonstrated. The PFPE-DMA was found to be miscible with the PEG-MA. Photo-cured blends of these materials containing 10 wt% of PEG-MA oligomers did not swell significantly in water. PFPE-DMA crosslinked with the highest molecular weight PEG oligomer (... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473476 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 08:00:03 +0100 5473476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5415954&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22081886%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hu HM, Watson JA, Cribb BW, Watson GS Abstract The adhesional properties of contaminating particles of scales of various lengths were investigated for a wide range of micro- and nanostructured insect wing cuticles. The contaminating particles consisted of artificial hydrophilic (silica) and spherical hydrophobic (C(18)) particles, and natural pollen grains. Insect wing cuticle architectures with an open micro-/nanostructure framework demonstrated topographies for minimising solid-solid and solid-liquid contact areas. Such structuring of the wing membranes allows for a variety of removal mechanisms to contend with particle contact, such as wind and self-cleaning droplet interactions. Cuticles exhibiting high contact angles showed considerably lower particle adhesional force... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5415954 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 19:30:02 +0100 5415954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5415958&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22047093%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rieder A, Ladnorg T, Wöll C, Obst U, Fischer R, Schwartz T Abstract The impact of increased surface hydrophobicity on biofilms regarding retardation, repulsion, or attraction was studied with hydrophobin modified glass substrata. Recombinantly produced fungal hydrophobins forming self-assembled monolayers were used as the surface coating. The adsorption dynamics of hydrophobins were analysed with a quartz crystal microbalance which showed the surface coating to be rapid and stable. The change of surface wettability was determined by water contact angle measurements and demonstrated an increase in hydrophobicity in range of 60-62°. The homogeneity of the monolayers was demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Atomic force microscopy was applied to visualise the unif... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5415958 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5415958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5415957&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22047137%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee JH, Park JH, Kim JA, Neupane GP, Cho MH, Lee CS, Lee J Abstract Bacterial biofilms are associated with persistent infections due to their high resistance to antimicrobial agents. Hence, controlling pathogenic biofilm formation is important in bacteria-related diseases. Honey, at a low concentration of 0.5% (v/v), significantly reduced biofilm formation in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 without inhibiting the growth of planktonic cells. Conversely, this concentration did not inhibit commensal E. coli K-12 biofilm formation. Transcriptome analyses showed that honey significantly repressed curli genes (csgBAC), quorum sensing genes (AI-2 importer and indole biosynthesis), and virulence genes (LEE genes). Glucose and fructose in the honeys were found to be key ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5415957 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5415957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5415956&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22050201%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rahman M, Kim S, Kim SM, Seol SY, Kim J Abstract Lytic bacteriophages (phages) have been investigated as treatments for bacterial infectious diseases. An induced phage, SAP-26, was isolated from a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. It belongs to the family Siphoviridae and its genome consists of double-stranded 41,207 bp DNA coding for 63 open reading frames. The phage SAP-26 showed a wide spectrum of lytic activity against both methicillin-resistant S. aureus and methicillin-susceptible S.aureus. Furthermore, combined treatment with a phage and antimicrobial agents showed a strong biofilm removal effect which induced structural changes in the biofilm matrix and a substantial decrease in the number of bacteria. Such a broad host range in S. aureus and biofilm remov... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5415956 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5415956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5415955&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22050233%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Landoulsi J, Cooksey KE, Dupres V Abstract There is a considerable body of information regarding bacterially enhanced corrosion, however, this review focuses on diatoms (unicellular algae) whose contribution to biocorrosion is less well studied. The reasons why diatoms have been neglected in studies of biocorrosion in natural waters are discussed and the question whether diatoms should be considered as inert with respect of electrochemical processes is considered. A particular focus is given to the case of stainless steels (SS), which are widely used in variety of applications in natural waters. Basic information on the cell biology of diatoms is included in the review, particularly with respect to their ability to 'sense' and adhere to surfaces. Investigations at the nano... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5415955 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5415955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5415961&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22043823%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Petrone L, Di Fino A, Aldred N, Sukkaew P, Ederth T, Clare AS, Liedberg B Abstract Gibbs surface energy has long been considered to be an important parameter in the design of fouling-resistant surfaces for marine applications. Rigorous testing of the hypothesis that settlement is related to Gibbs surface energy however has never been accomplished, due mainly to practical limitations imposed by the necessary combination of surface engineering and biological evaluation methods. In this article, the effects of surface charge and Gibbs surface energy on the settlement of cyprids of an important fouling barnacle, Balanus amphitrite, were evaluated. Settlement assays were conducted on a range of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) (CH(3)-, OH-, COOH-, N(CH(3))(3) (+)-, NH(2)-termin... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5415961 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5415961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5415960&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22043862%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Habimana O, Guillier L, Kulakauskas S, Briandet R Abstract Surfaces in industrial settings provide a home for resident biofilms that are likely to interact with the attachment, growth and survival of pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. Experimental results have indicated that L. monocytogenes cells were inhibited by the presence of a model resident flora (Lactococcus lactis) in dual-species continuous flow-biofilms, and are spatially restricted to the lower biofilm layers. Using a new, simplified individual-based model (IBM) that simulates bacterial cell growth in a three-dimensional space, the spatial arrangements of the two species were reconstructed and their cell counts successfully predicted. This model showed that the difference in generation times between L. m... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5415960 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5415960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5415959&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22044385%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van de Sande FH, Azevedo MS, Lund RG, Huysmans MC, Cenci MS Abstract Microcosm biofilms formed in microplates have demonstrated complex community dynamics similar to natural dental biofilm. No simplified microcosm models to evaluate enamel demineralization and dose-response effect to anticariogenic therapies have yet been established, thus this study was designed to develop a pre-clinical model fulfilling this purpose. Experiments were carried out to establish the time of biofilm formation and the sucrose concentration and exposure regimen. Biofilms were initiated from saliva and grown for up to 10 days on bovine enamel discs in 24-well plates, with a saliva analogue medium. Data were collected as pH readings and thepercentage enamel surface hardness change. A dose-respons... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5415959 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5415959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5358403&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22017479%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guenther J, Fitridge I, Misimi E Abstract The hydroid Ectopleura larynx is a common fouling organism on aquaculture nets. To contribute to the development of novel cleaning methods, laboratory and field studies determined the effects of heat (30, 40, 50 and 60°C for immersion times of 1 and 3 s) and acetic acid (0.2 and 2.0% for immersion times of 1, 3 and 10 s, 1 and 5 min) on the settlement of actinulae and the survival of juvenile and adult E. larynx. Laboratory studies showed that, regardless of immersion time, a temperature of 50°C was effective in preventing the settlement of actinulae and the survival of juveniles, while ≤12% of adult hydroids could survive. A temperature of 60°C killed all adult hydroids. For an acetic acid concentration of 0.2%, an immersion... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5358403 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5358403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5343501&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22004177%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the effect of glow discharge treatment of titania surfaces on plasma protein adsorption, by means of ellipsometry and mechanically assisted SDS elution. The adsorption and film elution of three plasma proteins, viz. human serum albumin (HSA), human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and laminin-1, as well as competitive adsorption from a mixture of the three proteins, showed that the adsorbed amount of the individual proteins after 1 h increased in the order HSA <IgG <laminin-1 ≤ protein mixture. Film elutability showed that 30 min of SDS interaction resulted in almost complete removal of adsorbed films. No difference in the total adsorbed amounts of individual proteins, or from the mixture, was observed between untreated and glow discharge treated titania surfaces.... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5343501 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5343501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5343500&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22011093%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bridier A, Briandet R, Thomas V, Dubois-Brissonnet F Abstract A biofilm can be defined as a community of microorganisms adhering to a surface and surrounded by a complex matrix of extrapolymeric substances. It is now generally accepted that the biofilm growth mode induces microbial resistance to disinfection that can lead to substantial economic and health concerns. Although the precise origin of such resistance remains unclear, different studies have shown that it is a multifactorial process involving the spatial organization of the biofilm. This review will discuss the mechanisms identified as playing a role in biofilm resistance to disinfectants, as well as novel anti-biofilm strategies that have recently been explored. PMID: 22011093 [PubMed - in process] (Source: ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5343500 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5343500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5310738&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21981064%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Santo Domingo JW, Revetta RP, Iker B, Gomez-Alvarez V, Garcia J, Sullivan J, Weast J Abstract The microbial composition of concrete biofilms within wastewater collection systems was studied using molecular assays. SSU rDNA clone libraries were generated from 16 concrete surfaces of manholes, a combined sewer overflow, and sections of a corroded sewer pipe. Of the 2457 sequences analyzed, α-, β-, γ-, and δ-Proteobacteria represented 15%, 22%, 11%, and 4% of the clones, respectively. β-Proteobacteria (47%) sequences were more abundant in the pipe crown than any of the other concrete surfaces. While 178 to 493 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were associated with the different concrete samples, only four sequences were shared among the different clone libraries. Bacter... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5310738 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5310738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5310737&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21981116%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gattlen J, Zinn M, Guimond S, Körner E, Amberg C, Mauclaire L Abstract Yeast biofilms contribute to quality impairment of industrial processes and also play an important role in clinical infections. Little is known about biofilm formation and their treatment. The aim of this study was to establish a multi-layer yeast biofilm model using a modified 3.7 l bench-top bioreactor operated in continuous mode (D = 0.12 h(-1)). The repeatability of biofilm formation was tested by comparing five bioprocesses with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, a strain isolated from washing machines. The amount of biofilm formed after 6 days post inoculation was 83 μg cm(-2) protein, 197 μg cm(-2) polysaccharide and 6.9 × 10(6) CFU cm(-2) on smooth polypropylene surfaces. Roughening the sur... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5310737 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5310737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5243878&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21929470%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pinori E, Berglin M, Brive LM, Hulander M, Dahlström M, Elwing H Abstract Rosin-based coatings loaded with 0.1% (w/v) ivermectin were found to be effective in preventing colonization by barnacles (Balanus improvisus) both on test panels as well as on yachts for at least two fouling seasons. The leaching rate of ivermectin was determined by mass-spectroscopy (LC/MS-MS) to be 0.7 ng cm(-2) day(-1). This low leaching rate, as deduced from the Higuchi model, is a result of the low loading, low water solubility, high affinity to the matrix and high molar volume of the model biocide. Comparison of ivermectin and control areas of panels immersed in the field showed undisturbed colonisation of barnacles after immersion for 35 days. After 73 days the mean barnacle base plate area... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5243878 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:16:36 +0100 5243878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5243877&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21929472%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Balamurugan P, Hiren Joshi M, Rao TS Abstract Culture and molecular-based techniques were used to characterize bacterial diversity in the cooling water system of a fast breeder test reactor (FBTR). Techniques were selected for special emphasis on sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Water samples from different locations of the FBTR cooling water system, in addition to biofilm scrapings from carbon steel coupons and a control SRB sample were characterized. Whole genome extraction of the water samples and SRB diversity by group specific primers were analysed using nested PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results of the bacterial assay in the cooling water showed that the total culturable bacteria (TCB) ranged from 10(3) to 10(5) cfu ml(-1); iron-red... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5243877 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:16:25 +0100 5243877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5243876&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21932984%26dopt%3DAbstract This study reports diatom communities on eight commercial marine ship hull coatings exposed at three static immersion sites along the east coast of Florida, viz. Daytona, Sebastian, and Miami. The coatings tested were three ablative copper systems (Ameron ABC-3, International BRA-640, and Hempel Olympic 76600), two copper-free biocidal systems (E-Paint SN-1, Sherwin Williams HMF), and three fouling-release (FR) systems (International Intersleek 700, International Intersleek 900, and Hempel Hempasil). One hundred and twenty-seven species comprising 44 genera were identified, including some of the more commonly known foulers, viz. Achnanthes, Amphora, Cocconeis, Entomoneis, Licmophora, Melosira, Navicula, Nitzschia, Synedra, and Toxarium. A significant difference was seen among sites, with t... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5243876 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:16:13 +0100 5243876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216269&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21882897%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Whitehead KA, Benson PS, Verran J Abstract Organic soiling is a major issue in the food processing industries, causing a range of biofouling and microbiological problems. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to quantify and determine the biochemical groups of food soils on stainless steel surfaces. EDX quantified organic material on surfaces where oily based residues predominated, but was limited in its usefulness since other food soils were difficult to detect. FT-IR provided spectral 'fingerprints' for each of the soils tested. Key soiling components were associated with specific peaks, viz. oils at 3025 cm(-1)-3011 cm(-1), proteins at 1698 cm(-1)-1636 cm(-1) and carbohydrates at 1658 cm(-1)-1596 cm(-1), 783 ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216269 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5216269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216268&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21882898%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dobretsov S, Teplitski M, Bayer M, Gunasekera S, Proksch P, Paul VJ Abstract Seventy eight natural products from chemical libraries containing compounds from marine organisms (sponges, algae, fungi, tunicates and cyanobacteria) and terrestrial plants, were screened for the inhibition of bacterial quorum sensing (QS) using a reporter strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV017. About half of the natural products did not show any QS inhibition. Twenty four percent of the tested compounds inhibited QS of the reporter without causing toxicity. The QS inhibitory activities of the most potent and abundant compounds were further investigated using the LuxR-based reporter E. coli pSB401 and the LasR-based reporter E. coli pSB1075. Midpacamide and tenuazonic acid were toxic to the teste... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216268 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5216268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216267&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21882899%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the time-dependent attachment density of zoospores of Ulva, in a laboratory assay, on a micropatterned and smooth silicone elastomer. The attachment density of zoospores was reduced on average 70-80% by the microtopography relative to smooth surfaces over a 4 h exposure. Mapping the zoospore locations on the topography revealed that they settled preferentially in specific, recessed areas of the pattern. The kinetic data fit, with high correlation (r (2) > 0.9), models commonly used to describe the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces. The grouping of spores on the microtopography indicated that the pattern inhibited the ability of attached spores to recruit neighbors. This study demonstrates that the antifouling mechanism of topographies may involve disruption of ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216267 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5216267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216266&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21895460%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Klein GL, Soum-Soutéra E, Guede Z, Bazire A, Compère C, Dufour A Abstract Bacterial biofilms occur on all submerged structures in marine environments. The authors previously reported that the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3J6 secretes antibiofilm activity. Here, it was discovered that another Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain, D41, inhibited the development of strain 3J6 in mixed biofilms. Confocal laser scanning microscope observations revealed that the culture supernatant of strain D41 impaired biofilm formation of strain 3J6 and another marine bacterium. A microtiter plate assay of the antibiofilm activity was set up and validated with culture supernatants of Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3J6. This assay was used to determine the spectra of action of strains D41 and 3J6. ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216266 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5216266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216265&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21895550%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang X, Tan D, Li J, Tan H, Fu Q Abstract To improve the hemocompatibility of polyurethanes, an amine monomer containing a long fluorine tail and phosphatidylcholine polar headgroups, 2-amino-3-oxo-3-(2-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluorooctan amido) ethyl amino) propyl phosphorylcholine (FASPC) was firstly synthesized and characterized. Then four kinds of fluorinated phosphatidylcholine end-capped polyurethanes with different chemical structures were prepared. The surface properties of these prepared polyurethanes were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis (XPS) and water contact angle measurements. The results indicated that the phosphatidylcholine (PC) polar headgroups along with the fluorine tail could be easily enriched on the top ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216265 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5216265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5173333&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21864210%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dobretsov S, Thomason JC Abstract The antimicrobial performance of two fouling-release coating systems, Intersleek 700® (IS700; silicone technology), Intersleek 900® (IS900; fluoropolymer technology) and a tie coat (TC, control surface) was investigated in a short term (10 days) field experiment conducted at a depth of ca 0.5 m in the Marina Bandar Rawdha (Muscat, Oman). Microfouling on coated glass slides was analyzed using epifluorescence microscopy and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) luminometry. All the coatings developed biofilms composed of heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, seven species of diatoms (2 species of Navicula, Cylindrotheca sp., Nitzschia sp., Amphora sp., Diploneis sp., and Bacillaria sp.) and algal spores (Ulva sp.). IS900 had significantly thin... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5173333 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:36:08 +0100 5173333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5140441&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21815844%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harvey NM, Carpenter GH, Proctor GB, Klein J Abstract Human salivary statherin was purified from parotid saliva and adsorbed to bare hydrophilic (HP) mica and STAI-coated hydrophobic (HB) mica in a series of Surface Force Balance experiments that measured the normal (F (n)) and friction forces (F (s)*) between statherin-coated mica substrata. Readings were taken both in the presence of statherin solution (HP and HB mica) and after rinsing (HP mica). F (n) measurements showed, for both substrata, monotonic steric repulsion that set on at a surface separation D ∼ 20 nm, indicating an adsorbed layer whose unperturbed thickness was ca 10 nm. An additional longer-ranged repulsion, probably of electrostatic double-layer origin, was observed for rinsed surfaces under pure w... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5140441 Fri, 19 Aug 2011 13:46:58 +0100 5140441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5140440&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21819315%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eashwar M, Subramanian G, Palanichamy S, Rajagopal G Abstract Tests were conducted on the performance of UNS S31600 stainless steel (SS) in a natural day/night cycle vs full darkness under conditions of natural marine biofilm accumulation. In quiescent flowing seawater tests in the laboratory as well as under natural immersion in the sea, diffuse sunlight (∼10% of natural) counteracted the influence of marine biofilms and produced substantial inhibition of the corrosion of SS. Thus, the probabilities (percentage attack) and propagation rates (depths of attack) in multiple crevice tests were substantially lower in the day/night cycle than in the dark. A benefit was also observed for welded SS in terms of the time to corrosion initiation and the mass loss. SS in the passiv... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5140440 Fri, 19 Aug 2011 13:46:46 +0100 5140440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5140439&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21827335%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carl C, Poole AJ, Vucko MJ, Williams MR, Whalan S, de Nys R Abstract The mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is a common aquaculture species, and also a major fouling organism that has negative economic impacts. There are no standard assay conditions for this important species and therefore, this study quantified the effect of key factors on the settlement of pediveligers and plantigrades. Density dependent settlement did not occur for either pediveligers or plantigrades. Settlement increased in drop assays in a 12 h light:12 h dark cycle, while bottom shade had no effect of any magnitude. In addition, settlement was significantly enhanced by storing pediveligers for between 4 and 24 days at 4°C. Overall, these data provide the template to optimise and standardise static l... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5140439 Fri, 19 Aug 2011 13:46:33 +0100 5140439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5140438&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21827336%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim M, Park JM, Um HJ, Lee KH, Kim H, Min J, Kim YH Abstract To gain a better insight into biofilm composition, the exopolysaccharide (EPS) of the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio vulnificus was studied. Monosaccharide composition analysis of the wild-type and mutant V. vulnificus EPS carried out with Bio-liquid chromatography revealed the presence of d-glucosamine, d-galactose, d-glucose and d-xylose in both strains. d-Galactosamine was found only in the mutant that formed less biofilm compared to its wild-type. The influence of galactosamine on biofilm formation was then studied by adding this substance gradually to six different Gram-negative/positive bacteria associated with various autoinducers. Four bacterial species known to use the autoinducer type-2 signaling system... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5140438 Fri, 19 Aug 2011 13:46:21 +0100 5140438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094833&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21810033%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liesse Iyamba JM, Seil M, Devleeschouwer M, Takaisi Kikuni NB, Dehaye JP A study on biofilm formation was carried out using five methicillin-sensitive [MSSA] and five methicillin-resistant [MRSA] strains of S. aureus. In each group, there were four strains isolated from patients from Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC) and one reference strain. All of the strains were hydrophobic. The adherence of the bacteria to an abiotic surface was studied with the Biofilm Ring Test (BFRT®) and the crystal violet staining method (CVSM). Both techniques showed that eight of the strains formed biofilms within 2-3 h. The extent of the biofilm formed by one strain could only be observed with the CVSM. Periodate prevented the formation of biofilms and, in separate experiments, destro... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094833 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 19:33:25 +0100 5094833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094838&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21774615%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms to discharge gas generated from plasma was tested. It was found that despite distinct chemical/physical properties, discharge gases from oxygen, nitrogen, and argon demonstrated very potent and almost the same anti-biofilm activity. The bacterial cells in S. aureus biofilms were killed (>99.9%) by discharge gas within minutes of exposure. Under optimal experimental conditions, no bacteria and biofilm re-growth from discharge gas treated biofilms was found. Further studies revealed that the anti-biofilm activity of the discharge gas occurred by two distinct mechanisms: (1) killing bacteria in biofilms by causing severe cell membrane damage, and (2) damaging the extracellular polymeric matrix in the architecture of the bi... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094838 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5094838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094837&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21777114%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lequette Y, Garénaux E, Combrouse T, Lima Dias TD, Ronse A, Slomianny C, Trivelli X, Guerardel Y, Faille C The role of the BclA domains of B. cereus ATCC 14579 was investigated in order to understand the phenomena involved in the interfacial processes occurring between spores and inert surfaces. This was done by (i) creating deletions in the collagen-like region (CLR) and the C-terminal domain (CTD) of BclA, (ii) building BclA proteins with various lengths in the CLR and (iii) modifying the hydrophobic upper surface in the CTD. First, it was demonstrated that the CLR was substituted by three residues already reported in the CLR of B. anthracis, viz. rhamnose, 3-O-methyl-rhamnose, and GalNH(2) residues, while the CTD was also substituted by two additional glycosyl residues, vi... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094837 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5094837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094836&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21781019%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a method was developed to immobilize silver onto polypropylene (PP) membrane surfaces for improved anti-biofouling performance. A commercial PP membrane was first grafted with the thiol functional groups, and then silver ions were immobilized onto the PP membrane surface through coordinating with the thiol groups. The immobilized silver was found to be very stable, with only ∼1.1% of the immobilized silver being leached out during a leaching test. The surface of the modified membrane (PPS-Ag) was examined with ATR-FTIR and XPS analysis, which verified the successful grafting of the thiol groups and the coordination of silver ions on the membrane surface. The surface properties of the membrane were also characterized by SEM, AFM and water contact angle measurements. The PPS... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094836 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5094836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094835&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21797737%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Orgad O, Oren Y, Walker SL, Herzberg M Among various functions, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) provide microbial biofilms with mechanical stability and affect initial cell attachment, the first stage in the biofilm formation process. The role of alginate, an abundant polysaccharide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, in the viscoelastic properties and adhesion kinetics of EPS was analyzed using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring technology. EPS was extracted from two P. aeruginosa biofilms, a wild type strain, PAO1, and a mucoid strain, PAOmucA22 that over-expresses alginate production. The higher alginate content in the EPS originating from the mucoid biofilms was clearly shown to increase both the rate and the extent of attachment of ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094835 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5094835 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094834&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21797738%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Benedetti A, Bramanti L, Tsounis G, Faimali M, Pavanello G, Rossi S, Gili JM, Santangelo G Larval settlement of the high value red coral, Corallium rubrum, was studied on three different CaCO(3) substrata, viz. lithogenic (marble), electro-accreted calcium carbonate in the presence and in the absence of cathodic polarisation. The last two substrata consisted of stainless steel plates galvanically coupled with Zn anodes. The electrochemical characterization of the settlement device was studied in order to investigate correlations between cathodic parameters (polarisation potential, current density, calcareous deposit composition) and larval settlement. The results obtained in the natural habitat (at 35 m depth) showed that settlement was five times lower on the electro-accrete... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094834 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5094834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5042277&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21732713%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simões LC, Simões M, Vieira MJ The elucidation of the mechanisms by which diverse species survive and interact in drinking water (DW) biofilm communities may allow the identification of new biofilm control strategies. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of metabolite molecules produced by bacteria isolated from DW on biofilm formation. Six opportunistic bacteria, viz. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Burkholderia cepacia, Methylobacterium sp., Mycobacterium mucogenicum, Sphingomonas capsulata and Staphylococcus sp. isolated from a drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) were used to form single and multispecies biofilms in the presence and absence of crude cell-free supernatants produced by the partner bacteria. Biofilms were characterized in terms... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5042277 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 12:31:57 +0100 5042277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5042276&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21732715%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kopel M, Degtyar E, Banin E Bacterial urinary tract infections resulting from prolonged patient catheterization have become a major health problem. One of the major issues is bacterial resistance to antibiotic treatments due to biofilm formation inside the catheters, thus enhancing the search for alternative treatments. In the present study, a device containing a piezo element capable of transmitting low-frequency surface acoustic waves (SAW) onto the indwelling catheter was used. The SAW were able to eradicate biofilm-residing bacteria by >85% when applied simultaneously with an antibiotic in three clinically relevant species, viz. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed that SAW can alter the tran... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5042276 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 12:31:50 +0100 5042276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5042274&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21756192%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Monteiro DR, Gorup LF, Silva S, Negri M, de Camargo ER, Oliveira R, Barbosa DB, Henriques M The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles (SN) against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata adhered cells and biofilms. SN (average diameter 5 nm) were synthesized by silver nitrate reduction with sodium citrate and stabilized with ammonia. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests were performed for C. albicans (n = 2) and C. glabrata (n = 2) grown in suspension following the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute microbroth dilution method. SN were applied to adhered cells (2 h) or biofilms (48 h) and after 24 h of contact their effect was assessed by enumeration of colony forming units (CFUs) and quantification of total biomass (by crystal vio... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5042274 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 12:31:35 +0100 5042274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5042273&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21756195%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mayer-Pinto M, Coleman RA, Underwood AJ, Tolhurst TJ Microalgal biofilms are sensitive to environmental conditions. Impacts of contaminants on assemblages of marine biofilm are often investigated in laboratories or in mesocosms. Such experiments are rarely representative of the effects of contaminants on biofilms under natural conditions. Studies in field situations, with enough power to detect impacts, are necessary to develop a better understanding of the effects of contaminants on ecological processes. Metals are a common contaminant of marine systems and can cause disturbances to assemblages. Using a new technique to experimentally deliver contaminants to microalgal assemblages, hypotheses were tested regarding the effects of zinc on microalgal biofilms growing on settleme... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5042273 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 12:31:18 +0100 5042273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5042272&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21762041%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abe Y, Polyakov P, Skali-Lami S, Francius G Atomic force microscope techniques and multi-staining fluorescence microscopy were employed to study the steps in drinking water biofilm formation. During the formation of a conditioning layer, surface hydrophobic forces increased and the range of characteristic hydrophobic forces diversified with time, becoming progressively complex in macromolecular composition, which in return triggered irreversible cellular adhesion. AFM visualization of 1 to 8 week drinking water biofilms showed a spatially discontinuous and heterogeneous distribution comprising an extensive network of filamentous fungi in which biofilm aggregates were embedded. The elastic modulus of 40-day-old biofilms ranged from 200 to 9000 kPa, and the biofilm deposits wit... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5042272 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 12:31:01 +0100 5042272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5042271&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21770718%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Choi YS, Kang DG, Lim S, Yang YJ, Kim CS, Cha HJ Mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) attach to all types of inorganic and organic surfaces, even in wet environments. MAP of type 5 (fp-5), in particular, has been considered as a key adhesive material. However, the low availability of fp-5 has hampered its biochemical characterization and practical applications. Here, soluble recombinant fp-5 is mass-produced in Escherichia coli. Tyrosinase-modified recombinant fp-5 showed ∼1.11 MPa adhesive shear strength, which is the first report of a bulk-scale adhesive force measurement for purified recombinant of natural MAP type. Surface coatings were also performed through simple dip-coating of various objects. In addition, complex coacervate using recombinant fp-5 and hyaluronic acid was ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5042271 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 12:30:32 +0100 5042271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5042275&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21749279%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Anandkumar B, George RP, Tamilvani S, Padhy N, Mudali UK A manganese oxidizing bacterium was isolated from the surface of steel scraps and biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis confirmed the isolate as Bacillus flexus. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed ennoblement of open circuit potential, increased passive current, a lowering of breakdown potential, active re-passivation potential and enhanced cathodic current in the presence of B. flexus. Adhesion studies with B. flexus on SS304 specimens with different surface treatments demonstrated decreased adhesion on passivated and FeCl(3) treated specimens due to the removal of MnS inclusions. The present study provides evidence that surface treatment of stainless steels can reduce adhesion of this manganese oxi... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5042275 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 12:30:03 +0100 5042275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4950312&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21660775%26dopt%3DAbstract This article focuses on the strategies used by barnacles when they attach to engineering materials such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), titanium (Ti) and stainless steel 316L (SS316L). Adhesion to these substrata is compared in terms of morphological structure, thickness and functional groups of the primary cement, the molting cycle and the nanomechanical properties of the cement. Structural characterization studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in conjunction with nanomechanical characterization and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are used to understand the differences in the adhesion of primary barnacle cement to the different substrata. The results provide new insights into understanding the mechanisms at work across the barnacle-subs... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4950312 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 14:15:16 +0100 4950312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4950311&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21660776%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study the response of a colonizing bacterial community to the secondary metabolite (1,1,3,3-tetrabromo-2-heptanone) from the red alga Bonnemaisonia hamifera was investigated by using field panels coated with the metabolite at a range of concentrations covering those measured at the algal surface. The seaweed metabolite has previously been shown to have antibacterial effects. The metabolite significantly affected the natural fouling community by (i) altering the composition, (ii) altering the diversity by increasing the evenness and (iii) decreasing the density, as measured by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism in conjunction with clone libraries of the 16S rRNA genes and by bacterial enumeration. No single major bacterial taxon (phylum, class) was particularly affect... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4950311 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 14:15:08 +0100 4950311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4950313&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21644114%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang HL, Pan JR, Huang C, Lin JC A persistent cell labeling dye and a novel microbial counting method were used to explore the effects of salinity on a microbial population in a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system, and these clearly distinguished microbial cell multiplication from cell adherence. The results indicated that microbial multiplication is more active at the front of a seawater RO pressure vessel, while adhesion dominates the back of the vessel. A severe reduction in RO permeate flux and total dissolved solid (TDS) rejection were detected at low salinity, attributed to marked cell multiplication and release of extracellular polymeric substances, whilst a relatively stable flux was observed at medium and high salinity. The results from PCR-DGGE revealed the vari... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4950313 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4950313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902982&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21604216%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang YF, Wang GC, Ying X, Sougrat R, Qian PY Butenolide [5-octylfuran-2(5H)-one] is a very promising antifouling compound. Here, the effects of butenolide on larval behavior and histology are compared in two major fouling organisms, viz. cypris larvae of Balanus amphitrite and swimming larvae of Bugula neritina. Butenolide diminished the positive phototactic behavior of B. amphitrite (EC(50) = 0.82 μg ml(-1)) and B. neritina (EC(50) = 3 μg ml(-1)). Its effect on the attachment of cyprids of B. amphitrite was influenced by temperature, and butenolide increased attachment of larvae of B. neritina to the bottom of the experimental wells. At concentrations of 4 μg ml(-1) and 10 μg ml(-1), butenolide decreased attachment of B. amphitrite and B. neritina, respectively, but ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902982 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4902982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902981&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21604217%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mafirad S, Mehrnia MR, Azami H, Sarrafzadeh MH The effects of biofilm formation on membrane performance were evaluated for a submerged membrane bioreactor (sMBR) system with six different types of micro- and ultrafiltration membranes (working volume = 19 l). After operation for 24 h the permeability of the membranes with a larger pore size (microfiltration) decreased to that of the membranes with a much smaller pore size (ultrafiltration). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that biofilms could reduce the influence of the membrane surface properties. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was 95% for the oily wastewater treatment in the sMBR where the filtration process made an important contribution (... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902981 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4902981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902980&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21604218%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dong ZH, Liu T, Liu HF Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were isolated by centrifugation of thermophilic sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) grown in API-RP38 culture medium. The protein and polysaccharide fractions were quantified and the highest concentrations were extracted from a 14-day old culture. The effect of EPS on carbon steel corrosion was investigated by electrochemical techniques. At 30°C, a small amount of EPS in 3% NaCl solution inhibited corrosion, whilst excessive amounts of EPS facilitated corrosion. In addition, the inhibition efficiency of EPS decreased with temperature due to thermal desorption of the EPS. The results suggest that adsorbed EPS layers could be beneficial to anti-corrosion by hindering the reduction of oxygen. However, the accumulation ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902980 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4902980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902979&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21614699%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kozak D, Chen A, Bax J, Trau M The protein resistance of dextran and dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymer films was examined on an organosilica particle-based assay support. Comb-branched dextran-PEG copolymer films were synthesized in a two step process using the organosilica particle as a solid synthetic support. Particles modified with increasing amounts (0.1-1.2 mg m(-2)) of three molecular weights (10,000, 66,900, 400,000 g mol(-1)) of dextran were found to form relatively poor protein-resistant films compared to dextran-PEG copolymers and previously studied PEG films. The efficacy of the antifouling polymer films was found to be dependent on the grafted amount and its composition, with PEG layers being the most efficient, followed by dextran-PEG copolymers, and ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902979 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4902979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902978&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21614700%26dopt%3DAbstract This study for the first time, reports a novel anti-biofilm compound from a marine bacterium with wide application in medicine and the aquaculture industry. PMID: 21614700 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902978 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4902978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902977&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21614701%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martinelli E, Suffredini M, Galli G, Glisenti A, Pettitt ME, Callow ME, Callow JA, Williams D, Lyall G Amphiphilic diblock copolymers, Sz6 and Sz12, consisting of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) block (average degree of polymerisation = 132) and a PEGylated-fluoroalkyl modified polystyrene block (Sz, average degree of polymerisation = 6, 12) were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Coatings were obtained from blends of either block copolymer (1-10 wt%) with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) matrix. The coating surface presented a simultaneous hydrophobic and lipophobic character, owing to the strong surface segregation of the lowest surface energy fluoroalkyl chains of the block copolymer. Surface chemical composition and wettability of the films were affected ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902977 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4902977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902976&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21623481%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ombelli M, Costello L, Postle C, Anantharaman V, Meng QC, Composto RJ, Eckmann DM Adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fibrinogen (Fg) was measured on six distinct bare and dextran- and hyaluronate-modified silicon surfaces created using two dextran grafting densities and three hyaluronic acid (HA) sodium salts derived from human umbilical cord, rooster comb and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Film thickness and surface morphology depended on the HA molecular weight and concentration. BSA coverage was enhanced on surfaces in competitive adsorption of BSA:Fg mixtures. Dextranization differentially reduced protein adsorption onto surfaces based on oxidation state. Hyaluronization was demonstrated to provide the greatest resistance to protein coverage, equivalent to that of ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902976 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4902976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902975&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21623482%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Park BJ, Abu-Lail NI Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to probe heterogeneities in adhesion energies measured between pathogenic and non-pathogenic species of Listeria and silicon nitride in water at four levels. Adhesion energies were quantified on individual bacterial cells (cell level), bacterial cells that belonged to an individual Listeria strain but varied in their cultures (strain level), bacterial cells that belonged to an individual Listeria species but varied in their strain type (species level) and on bacterial cells that belonged to the Listeria genus but varied in their species type (genus level). To quantify heterogeneities in the adhesion energies, a heterogeneity index (HI) was defined based on quantified standard errors of mean. At the cell level, spatial... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902975 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4902975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4853516&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21598123%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang CF, Chiang HJ, Lan WC, Chou HH, Ou KL, Yu CH The as-quenched (AQ) microstructure of the Ag-containing alloys was found to be essentially a mixture of austenite (γ) and Ag phases. The Ag phase precipitates had a face-centered-cubic structure and lattice parameter a = 4.09 Å. When the alloy contained Ag ≥0.2 wt%, the mechanical properties were slightly enhanced because of the precipitate strengthening by the Ag phase precipitates. Moreover, the Ag-containing alloys exhibited ductile fracture after tensile testing. The results of an antibacterial test revealed that the Ag phase precipitates play a key role in the antibacterial mechanism of Ag-containing alloys: Ag(+) ions released from the Ag phase precipitates can kill bacteria. It is suggested that as AISI 316L allo... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4853516 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4853516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4853515&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21598124%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Han J, Seale RB, Silcock P, McQuillan AJ, Bremer PJ To gain a better understanding of the factors influencing spore adhesion in dairy manufacturing plants, casein-modified glass surfaces were prepared and characterized and their effect on the adhesion kinetics of spores from a Geobacillus sp., isolated from a dairy manufacturing plant (DMP) was assessed using a flow chamber. Surfaces were produced by initially silanizing glass using (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPS) or (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane to form epoxy-functionalized (G-GPS) or amino-functionalized glass (G-NH(2)) substrata. Casein was grafted to the G-GPS directly by its primary amino groups (G-GPS-casein) or to G-NH(2) by employing glutaraldehyde as a linking agent (G-NH(2)-glutar-casein). The surfaces... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4853515 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4853515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4853517&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21563009%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oliveira VM, Lopes-Oliveira PF, Passarini MR, Menezes CB, Oliveira WR, Rocha AJ, Sette LD Microbial diversity in corrosion samples from energy transmission towers was investigated using molecular methods. Ribosomal DNA fragments were used to assemble gene libraries. Sequence analysis indicated 10 bacterial genera within the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. In the two libraries generated from corroded screw-derived samples, the genus Acinetobacter was the most abundant. Acinetobacter and Clostridium spp. dominated, with similar percentages, in the libraries derived from corrosion scrapings. Fungal clones were affiliated with 14 genera belonging to the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota; of these, Capnobotryella and Fellomyces were the most abu... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4853517 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4853517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799221&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21512919%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sneed JM, Pohnert G Surfaces immersed in the marine environment are under intense fouling pressure by a number of invertebrates and algae. The regulation of this fouling can often be attributed to the bacterial biofilm that quickly develops on the surface of any available substratum in the ocean. The bacterial community composition on the surface of the green alga Dictyosphaeria ocellata was investigated and compared to those found on two other green algae, Batophora oerstedii and Cladophoropsis macromeres, and on a reference surface from three sites along the Florida Keys. Although the bacterial community composition of D. ocellata was not consistent across the sites, it was significantly different from the other algae and the reference surface at two of the three sites teste... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799221 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799220&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21512920%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu H, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Zhu M, Al-Rasheid KA, Warren A, Song W A new approach to determining sampling effort for analyzing biofilm-dwelling ciliate colonization was studied in the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China, from May to June 2010. The optimal sample size for evaluating biofilm-dwelling ciliate colonization increased with shortening exposure time, and can be determined according to the probability of recovering those species with a specified cumulative contribution to communities. More slide-replicates were required at a depth of 3 m than at 1 m to recover equivalent proportions of the ciliate communities. For routine colonization dynamics analyses, 10 slide-replicates (175 cm(2)) were sufficient to achieve a 95% probability of recovering those species ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799220 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799219&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21526438%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Gregoris TB, Rupp O, Klages S, Knaust F, Bekel T, Kube M, Burgess JG, Arnone MI, Goesmann A, Reinhardt R, Clare AS In order to improve the genetic characterisation of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite, normalised EST libraries for the developmental stages, viz. nauplius (a mix of instars I and II), cyprid and adult, were generated. The libraries were sequenced independently using 454 technologies and 575,666 reads were generated. For adults, 4843 unique isotigs were estimated and 6754 and 7506 in the cyprid and naupliar stage, respectively. It was found that some of the previously proposed cyprid-specific bcs genes were also expressed during the naupliar and adult stage. Furthermore, as lectins have been hypothesised to influence settlement cue recognition in barnacles, the d... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799219 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799218&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21526439%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Faimali M, Benedetti A, Pavanello G, Chelossi E, Wrubl F, Mollica A Cathodic current trends on stainless steel samples with different surface percentages covered by biofilm and potentiostatically polarized in natural seawater were studied under oxygen concentration changes, temperature increases, and additions of enzymic inhibitors to the solution. The results showed that on each surface fraction covered by biofilm the oxygen reduction kinetics resembled a reaction catalyzed by an immobilised enzyme with high oxygen affinity (apparent Michaelis-Menten dissociation constant close to  [image omitted]  ≈ 10 μM) and low activation energy (W ≈ 20 KJ mole(-1)). The proposed enzyme rapidly degraded when the temperature was increased above the ambient (half-life time of ∼1... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799218 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799217&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21526440%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, S. mutans was investigated for the anti-biofouling effect of Lactobacillus fermentum (L.f.)-derived biosurfactant. It was hypothesized that two enzymes produced by S. mutans, glucosyltransferases B and C, would be inhibited by the L.f.-biosurfactant. When these two enzymes were inhibited, fewer biofilms (or none) were formed. RNA was extracted from a 48-h biofilm of S. mutans formed in the presence or absence of L.f. biosurfactant, and the gene expression level of gtfB/C was quantified using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). L.f. biosurfactant showed substantial anti-biofouling activity because it reduced the process of attachment and biofilm production and also showed a reduction in gtfB/C gene expression (P value < 0.05). PMID: 21526440 [PubMed - i... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799217 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799217 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799216&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21547755%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu Y, Zhang W, Sileika T, Warta R, Cianciotto NP, Packman AI The impact of continuous chlorination and periodic glutaraldehyde treatment on planktonic and biofilm microbial communities was evaluated in pilot-scale cooling towers operated continuously for 3 months. The system was operated at a flow rate of 10,080 l day(-1). Experiments were performed with a well-defined microbial consortium containing three heterotrophic bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Flavobacterium sp. The persistence of each species was monitored in the recirculating cooling water loop and in biofilms on steel and PVC coupons in the cooling tower basin. The observed bacterial colonization in cooling towers did not follow trends in growth rates observed under batch conditions and,... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799216 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799215&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21547756%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the physiology and behaviour following treatment with ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA), of Pseudomonas fluorescens in both the planktonic and sessile states. Steady-state biofilms and planktonic cells were collected from a bioreactor and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were extracted using a method that did not destroy the cells. Cell structure and physiology after EPS extraction were compared in terms of respiratory activity, morphology, cell protein and polysaccharide content, and expression of the outer membrane proteins (OMP). Significant differences were found between the physiological parameters analysed. Planktonic cells were more metabolically active, and contained greater amounts of proteins and polysaccharides than biofilm cells. Moreover, biofilm... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799215 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799214&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21547757%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chaw KC, Dickinson GH, Ang KY, Deng J, Birch WR Microtopography is one of several strategies used by marine organisms to inhibit colonization by fouling organisms. While replicates of natural microtextures discourage settlement, details of larval interactions with the structured surfaces remain scarce. Close-range microscopy was used to quantify the exploration of cyprids of Amphibalanus amphitrite on cylindrical micropillars with heights of 5 and 30 μm and diameters ranging from 5 to 100 μm. While 5 μm-high structures had little impact, 30 μm-high pillars significantly influenced cyprid exploration. An observed step length decrease and step duration increase on 5 μm diameter pillars is attributed to the small dimensions of the voids excluding the cyprid's attachment disc... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799214 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799213&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21547758%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saha M, Rempt M, Grosser K, Pohnert G, Weinberger F The chemical defence against microfouling in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus was investigated and an inhibitor of bacterial settlement was isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation of non-polar surface extracts. UV-vis and mass spectrometry were used to identify the compound as the carotenoid fucoxanthin. The metabolite was tested at the natural concentration (in a surface volume based assay) against the settlement of four bacterial strains isolated from F. vesiculosus and 11 strains isolated from co-occurring algae and marine sediment. Surface concentrations between 1.4 and 6 μg cm(-2) resulted in 50% inhibition of four of these isolates, which were studied in more detail using a surface area-based assay, while a fifth ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799213 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799222&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21512918%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simoes LC, Lemos M, Araujo P, Pereira AM, Simoes M Glutaraldehyde (GLUT) was evaluated for control of single and dual species biofilms of Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens on stainless steel surfaces using a chemostat system. The biofilms were characterized in terms of mass, cell density, total and matrix proteins and polysaccharides. The control action of GLUT was assessed in terms of inactivation and removal of biofilm. Post-biocide action was characterized 3, 7, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment. Tests with planktonic cells were also performed for comparison. The results demonstrated that in dual species biofilms the metabolic activity, cell density and the content of matrix proteins were higher than those of either single species. Planktonic B. cereus was more... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799222 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4799222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4637363&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21409653%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kavita K, Mishra A, Jha B A marine bacterial strain identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus by 16S rRNA gene (HM355955) sequencing and gas chromatography (GC) coupled with MIDI was selected from a natural biofilm by its capability to produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The EPS had an average molecule size of 15.278 μm and exhibited characteristic diffraction peaks at 5.985°, 9.150° and 22.823°, with d-spacings of 14.76661, 9.29989 and 3.89650 Å, respectively. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum revealed aliphatic methyl, primary amine, halide groups, uronic acid and saccharides. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) confirmed the presence of arabinose, galactose, glucose and mannose. (1)HNMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) revealed f... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4637363 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4637363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4637354&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21409654%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Erable B, Etcheverry L, Bergel A The paper introduces the concept of the microbial electrochemical snorkel (MES), a simplified design of a "short-circuited" microbial fuel cell (MFC). The MES cannot provide current but it is optimized for wastewater treatment. An electrochemically active biofilm (EAB) was grown on graphite felt under constant polarization in an urban wastewater. Controlling the electrode potential and inoculating the bioreactor with a suspension of an established EAB improved the performance and the reproducibility of the anodes. Anodes, colonized by an EAB were tested for the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from urban wastewater using a variety of bio-electrochemical processes (microbial electrolysis, MFC, MES). The MES technology, as well as a short-cir... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4637354 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4637354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4637352&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21424947%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Di Pippo F, Bohn A, Cavalieri F, Albertano P The present work reports on the first attempt to study water mobility in phototrophic biofilms, applying the (1)H-NMR relaxometry technique to closely monitored microbial communities grown in a microcosm under controlled ambient conditions. Longitudinal water proton relaxation times exhibited a bi-exponential behavior in all biofilm samples, indicating two types of water molecules with diverging dynamic properties, confined to different compartments of the biofilm. The fast-relaxing component can be attributed to water molecules tightly bound to the intracellular matrix, while the slow-relaxing component could reflect the behavior of water embedded in the biopolymer matrix, confined into matrix pores and channels. The results are di... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4637352 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4637352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4575622&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21360359%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Campbell AH, Meritt DW, Franklin RB, Boone EL, Nicely CT, Brown BL Lack of success in restoring the native Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to Chesapeake Bay has been linked to the low occurrence of oyster larval setting in tributaries to the Bay. Among the many potential factors that could affect efforts to produce oysters through aquaculture or supplementation of shell beds is substratum condition. The present study examined larval setting on field-produced biofilms from Little Wicomico River (Virginia, USA) to assess whether bacterial community structure (examined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, T-RFLP) or other characteristics of contemporary biofilms in this tributary (biofilm age and mass, algal abundance, and percentage organic matter) inhibi... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4575622 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4575622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4575621&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21390911%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Comeau S, Rainville S, Baldwin W, Austin E, Gerstenberger S, Cross C, Wong WH The recent spread of dreissenid mussels to various bodies of water in the western US has sparked interest by many state and federal agencies to develop protocols to stop further expansion. Quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) are of particular importance as they are currently the most widespread dreissenid species in the region. This project examined the susceptibility of quagga mussels to hot-water sprays at different temperatures and durations of spray contact at Lake Mead (Nevada-Arizona, USA). Emersed adult quagga mussels were exposed to hot-water sprays at 20, 40, 50, 54, 60, 70, and 80°C for 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 s. Sprays at ≥60°C for 5 s were shown to be 100% leth... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4575621 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4575621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4575620&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21390912%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu C, Zhao Q The interaction energy between bacteria and substrata with different surface energies was modelled by the extended DLVO (Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey and Overbeek) theory. The modeling results revealed that the interaction energy has a strong correlation with the CQ (Chen and Qi) ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW) apolar to the electron donor surface energy components of substrata. Both modeling and experimental results with different bacteria including P. fluorescens, Cobetia marina and Vibrio alginolyticus demonstrated that if the LW surface energy of bacteria is larger than that of water, which is the case for most bacteria, the number of adhered bacteria decreases with a decreasing CQ ratio while bacterial removal rate incre... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4575620 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4575620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4575619&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21390913%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang YL, Li M, Yu Z, Qian PY The red-pigmented marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. sf57 forms a biofilm that deters larval settlement of the tube-building polychaete Hydroides elegans. To investigate the correlation between pigmentation and larval settlement deterrence, mutants of sf57 with deficient or altered pigmentation were generated by transposon mutagenesis. Five groups of pigmented mutants were obtained, viz. white, yellow, pink, dark red, and white-to-red. The white mutant WM1, which exhibited a substantial increase in bacterial density in the biofilm, became inductive to larval settlement. The other mutants that showed a lesser increase in bacterial density in their biofilms either retained their deterrence or induced higher larval settlement rates, but did not b... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4575619 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4575619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4575618&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21390914%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lakretz A, Ron EZ, Mamane H An ultraviolet (UV)-based advanced oxidation process (AOP), with hydrogen peroxide and medium-pressure (MP) UV light (H(2)O(2)/UV), was used as a pretreatment strategy for biofilm control in water. Suspended Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells were exposed to UV-based AOP treatment, and the adherent biofilm formed by the surviving cells was monitored. Control experiments using H(2)O(2) or MP UV irradiation alone could inhibit biofilm formation for only short periods of time (<24 h) post-treatment. In a H(2)O(2)/filtered-UV (>295 nm) system, an additive effect on biofilm control was shown vs filtered-UV irradiation alone, probably due to activity of the added hydroxyl radical (OH•). In a H(2)O(2)/full-UV (ie full UV spectrum, not filtered) system, t... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4575618 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4575618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4522389&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21337191%26dopt%3DAbstract This study addressed the antifouling efficiency of commercially available chlorine at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) and exposure times (0.5 min, 1 min, 5 min, and 15 min). The rapid and non-destructive FIRe (fluorescence induction and relaxation) technique was used to evaluate the effects of the biocide on diatom dominated biofilms. The efficiency of chlorine in removing diatoms from the developed biofilms increased with an increase in concentration and exposure time. The fluorescence measurements revealed low F(v)/F(m) and high σ(PSII) values for chlorine-treated Navicula and Amphora biofilms indicating that chlorination was efficient in damaging the photosystem-II reaction centers. Chlorination also caused mortality of diatom cells by damaging the cell body. In natural ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4522389 Sat, 26 Feb 2011 06:30:09 +0100 4522389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4464540&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21271409%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guo SF, Lee HP, Chaw KC, Miklas J, Teo SL, Dickinson GH, Birch WR, Khoo BC Settlement inhibition of barnacle (Amphibalanus amphitrite) cypris larvae resulting from exposure to ultrasound was measured at three frequencies (23, 63, and 102 kHz), applied at three acoustic pressure levels (9, 15, and 22 kPa) for exposure times of 30, 150, and 300 s. The lowest settlement was observed for 23 kHz, which also induced the highest cyprid mortality. Cyprid settlement following exposure to 23 kHz at 22 kPa for 30 s was reduced by a factor of two. Observing surface exploration by the cyprids revealed an altered behaviour following exposure to ultrasound: step length was increased, while step duration, walking pace, and the fraction of cyprids exploring the surface were significantly ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4464540 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4464540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4464536&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21271410%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang JL, Li YF, Bao WY, Satuito CG, Kitamura H The metamorphic response of pediveliger larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis to the neurotransmitter blockers chlorpromazine, amitriptyline, rauwolscine, idazoxan, atenolol and butoxamine, and to tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) was investigated through a series of bioassays. Chlorpromazine, amitriptyline and idazoxin inhibited larval metamorphosis induced by 10(-4) M epinephrine. The concentration that inhibited metamorphosis by 50% (IC(50)) for chlorpromazine and amitriptyline was 1.6 × 10(-6) M and 6.6 × 10(-5) M, respectively. Idazoxan was less effective with an IC(50) of 4.4 × 10(13) M. Moreover, these three inhibitors showed no toxicity at any of the concentrations tested. The larval metamorphic response to K(+) was not i... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4464536 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4464536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4464533&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21279860%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jones WL, Sutton MP, McKittrick L, Stewart PS Changes in the viscoelastic material properties of bacterial biofilms resulting from chemical and antimicrobial treatments were measured by rheometry. Colony biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis or a mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa were subjected to a classical creep test performed using a parallel plate rheometer. Data were fit to the 4-parameter Burger model to quantify the material properties. Biofilms were exposed to the chloride salts of several common mono-, di-, and tri- valent cations, and to urea, industrial biocides, and antibiotics. Many of these treatments resulted in statistically significant alterations in the material properties of the biofilm. Multivalent cations stiffened the P. aeruginosa biofilm, while ciprofloxa... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4464533 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4464533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4464530&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21279861%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the role of electric currents (negative, positive, alternating) for preventing adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and achieving bacterial inactivation. Indium tin oxide (ITO) film was used as a working electrode to observe adhesion and inactivation under electric polarization. Electric current types were classified into negative, positive, and alternating current. The working electrode acted as a cathode or anode by applying a negative or positive current, and an alternating current indicates that the negative current was combined sequentially with the positive current. The numbers of adhered cells were compared under a flow condition, and the in situ behavior of the bacterial cells and the extent of their inactivation were also investigated using time-lapse recordi... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4464530 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4464530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4464529&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21279869%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kitano Y, Akima C, Yoshimura E, Nogata Y Twenty novel simple alkyl isocyanides derived from citronellol were synthesized and evaluated for their antifouling activity and toxicity against cypris larvae of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite. The anti-barnacle activity of the synthesized isocyanides was in the EC(50) range of 0.08-1.49 μg ml(-1). Simple isocyanides containing a benzoate and chloro group showed the most potent anti-barnacle activity. In addition, none of the synthesized compounds showed significant toxicity and LC(50) values were <10 μg ml(-1). The LC(50)/EC(50) ratios of almost all of the synthesized compounds were >10(2). The results indicate that these simple isocyanides are promising low-toxicity antifouling agents. PMID: 21279869 [PubMed - in proces... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4464529 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4464529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4464528&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21302160%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maruzzo D, Conlan S, Aldred N, Clare AS, Høeg JT Video microscopy of cyprids of Balanus amphitrite was used to monitor the action of antennular setae during the exploratory behaviour prior to attachment. In addition, SEM was used to provide a revised description of all antennular setae for that species. The videos describe if a particular seta touches the substratum and the area it can cover during surface exploration. On the fourth segment, the plumose terminal setae A and B are never in contact with the substratum, lack a terminal pore and it is argued that they sense hydrodynamic forces. The aesthetasc-like terminal seta D is likewise held free in the water at all times and it is speculated that it senses dissolved substances, but, since it contains a scolopale rod, it mus... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4464528 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4464528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397588&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21253926%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Khan MM, Stewart PS, Moll DJ, Mickols WE, Nelson SE, Camper AK Biofouling is a major reason for flux decline in the performance of membrane-based water and wastewater treatment plants. Initial biochemical characterization of biofilm formation potential and biofouling on two commercially available membrane surfaces from FilmTec Corporation were investigated without filtration in laboratory rotating disc reactor systems. These surfaces were polyamide aromatic thin-film reverse osmosis (RO) (BW30) and semi-aromatic nanofiltration (NF270) membranes. Membrane swatches were fixed on removable coupons and exposed to water with indigenous microorganisms supplemented with 1.5 mg l(-1) organic carbon under continuous flow. After biofilms formed, the membrane swatches were removed for an... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397588 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 08:11:04 +0100 4397588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4324995&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21213154%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, these materials have the ability to inhibit microbial biofilm formation and at the same time act as drug-eluting systems, and for that reason may hold great promise for anti-biofouling applications. PMID: 21213154 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4324995 Sun, 09 Jan 2011 05:47:10 +0100 4324995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4324994&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21213155%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gunari N, Brewer LH, Bennett SM, Sokolova A, Kraut ND, Finlay JA, Meyer AE, Walker GC, Wendt DE, Callow ME, Callow JA, Bright FV, Detty MR Mixtures of n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane (C18, 1-5 mole-%), n-octyltriethoxysilane (C8) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) gave xerogel surfaces of varying topography. The 1:49:50 C18/C8/TEOS xerogel formed 100-400-nm-wide, 2-7-nm deep pores by AFM while coatings with ≥3% C18 were free of such features. Segregation of the coating into alkane-rich and alkane-deficient regions in the 1:49:50 C18/C8/TEOS xerogel was observed by IR microscopy. Immersion in ASW for 48 h gave no statistical difference in surface energy for the 1:49:50 C18/C8/TEOS xerogel and a significant increase for the 50:50 C8/TEOS xerogel. Settlement of barnacle cyprids and rem... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4324994 Sun, 09 Jan 2011 05:47:06 +0100 4324994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4324998&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21161774%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schultz MP, Bendick JA, Holm ER, Hertel WM In the present study, the overall economic impact of hull fouling on a mid-sized naval surface ship (Arleigh Burke-class destroyer DDG-51) has been analyzed. A range of costs associated with hull fouling was examined, including expenditures for fuel, hull coatings, hull coating application and removal, and hull cleaning. The results indicate that the primary cost associated with fouling is due to increased fuel consumption attributable to increased frictional drag. The costs related to hull cleaning and painting are much lower than the fuel costs. The overall cost associated with hull fouling for the Navy's present coating, cleaning, and fouling level is estimated to be $56M per year for the entire DDG-51 class or $1B over 15 years. T... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4324998 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4324998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4324997&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21181570%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Blihoghe D, Manzo E, Villela A, Cutignano A, Picariello G, Faimali M, Fontana A One of the most promising alternative technologies to antifouling (AF) biocides based on toxic heavy metals lies in the development of natural eco-friendly biocides. The present study evaluates the AF potential of structurally different compounds containing a 3-alkylpyridine moiety. The products, namely poly 3-alkylpyridinium salts, saraine, and haminols, were either extracted or derived from natural sources (the sponges Haliclona sp. and Reniera sarai and the mollusc Haminoea fusari), or obtained by chemical synthesis. All the molecules tested showed generally good anti-settlement activity against larvae of the barnacle Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite (EC(50) values between 0.19 and 3.61 μg ml... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4324997 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4324997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4324996&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21181571%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, biofilm retention was affected more by surface roughness than chemical composition under the condition described in this study. PMID: 21181571 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4324996 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4324996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4249301&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21104475%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, Streptococcus mutans, a Gram-positive bacterium was investigated for the antibiofouling effect of polyphenols. It was hypothesized that the two enzymes, glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase, produced by S. mutans, would be inhibited by the natural phenolic compounds. When these two enzymes were inhibited, less (or no) biofilms were formed. Enzymes were separated from a S. mutans culture medium, and their activities were measured with five different polyphenols using microtiter-plates and high-performance liquid chromatography. The results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were used to determine the enzyme inhibition effect of polyphenols on biofilm formation without killing the cells. Most of the polyphenols used showed considerable reduction of biofilm forma... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4249301 Sat, 11 Dec 2010 07:00:24 +0100 4249301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4249300&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21104476%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mondamert L, Labanowski J, N'Goye F, Talbot HM, Croue JP The present work aimed to study the origin of foulant material recovered on membranes used in water treatment. Firstly, sugar signatures were assessed from the monosaccharide composition. As results were not conclusive, a statistical approach using discriminant analysis was applied to the sugar data set in order to predict the origin of the foulant material. Three groups of various origins (algal, microbial, continental dissolved organic matter) were used as sugar references for the prediction. The results of the computation showed that the origin of reverse osmosis (RO) seawater foulant material is influenced by both the location of the water sources and the season. RO brackish water and nanofiltration river water foula... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4249300 Sat, 11 Dec 2010 07:00:21 +0100 4249300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4249299&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21108067%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tremaroli V, Fedi S, Tamburini S, Viti C, Tatti E, Ceri H, Turner RJ, Zannoni D A histidine-kinase cheA gene in Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 plays a central role in the regulation of metabolic responses as well as in chemotaxis. Non-chemotactic mutants harboring insertions into the cheA gene were screened for their ability to form biofilms in the Calgary biofilm device. Notably, ≥95% decrease in the number of cells attached to the polystyrene surface was observed in cheA mutants compared to the KF707 wild-type biofilm phenotype. The ability to form mature biofilms was restored to wild-type levels, providing functional copies of the KF707 cheA gene to the mutants. In addition, phenotype micro-arrays and proteomic analyses revealed that several basic metabolic activitie... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4249299 Sat, 11 Dec 2010 07:00:17 +0100 4249299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4249298&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21108068%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Manes CL, West N, Rapenne S, Lebaron P To better understand biofouling of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes, bacterial diversity was characterized in the intake water, in subsequently pretreated water and on SWRO membranes from a full-scale desalination plant (FSDP) during a 9 month period. 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting and sequencing revealed that bacterial communities in the water samples and on the SWRO membranes were very different. For the different sampling dates, the bacterial diversity of the active and the total bacterial fractions of the water samples remained relatively stable over the sampling period whereas the bacterial community structure on the four SWRO membrane samples was significantly different. The richness and evenness of the SWRO membrane bacteria... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4249298 Sat, 11 Dec 2010 07:00:13 +0100 4249298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4249297&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21113861%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Villanueva VD, Font J, Schwartz T, Romani AM River biofilms that grow on wet benthic surface are mainly composed of bacteria, algae, cyanobacteria and protozoa embedded in a polysaccharide matrix. The effects of increased river water temperature on biofilm formation were investigated. A laboratory experiment was designed employing two temperatures (11.1-13.2°C, night-day; 14.7-16.0°C, night-day) and two nutrient levels (0.054 mg P l(-1), 0.75 mg N l(-1); 0.54 mg P l(-1), 7.5 mg N l(-1)). Biofilm formation at the higher temperature was faster, while the biomass of the mature biofilm was mainly determined by nutrient availability. The specific response of the three microbial groups that colonized the substrata (algae, bacteria and ciliates) was modulated by interactions betwee... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4249297 Sat, 11 Dec 2010 07:00:09 +0100 4249297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4249296&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21132577%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scardino AJ, de Nys R Nature provides many examples of mechanisms to control fouling. These defences can be copied (biomimetic) or tailored (bioinspired) to solve problems of fouling on manmade structures. With increasing research in this area over the last two decades, it is timely to review this burgeoning subject, in particular as the biofouling field shifts focus towards novel, physical mechanisms to prevent and control fouling. This change is being promoted by advances in nano- and micro-scale patterning as well as in a variety of nano-biotechnologies, which are transforming the translation of natural surfaces into experimental materials. In this article, research on the defence of marine organisms against fouling and the technologies they are defining is reviewed. PM... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4249296 Sat, 11 Dec 2010 07:00:06 +0100 4249296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4200180&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21082456%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Teodosio JS, Simoes M, Melo LF, Mergulhao FJ Biofilm formation is a major factor in the growth and spread of both desirable and undesirable bacteria as well as in fouling and corrosion. In order to simulate biofilm formation in industrial settings a flow cell system coupled to a recirculating tank was used to study the effect of a high (550 mg glucose l(-1)) and a low (150 mg glucose l(-1)) nutrient concentration on the relative growth of planktonic and attached biofilm cells of Escherichia coli JM109(DE3). Biofilms were obtained under turbulent flow (a Reynolds number of 6000) and the hydrodynamic conditions of the flow cell were simulated by using computational fluid dynamics. Under these conditions, the flow cell was subjected to wall shear stresses of 0.6 Pa and an averag... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4200180 Thu, 25 Nov 2010 16:10:06 +0100 4200180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4200181&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21082455%26dopt%3DAbstract This report details the efficacy of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing xerogel surfaces composed of N-(6-aminohexyl)aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (AHAP3) and isobutyltrimethoxysilane (BTMOS) against Candida albicans adhesion, viability, and biofilm formation. A parallel plate flow cell assay was used to examine the effect of NO on planktonic fungal cells. Nitric oxide fluxes as low as 14 pmol cm(-2) s(-1) were sufficient to reduce fungal adhesion by ∼49% over the controls after 90 min. By utilizing a fluorescence live/dead assay and replicate plating, NO flux was determined to reduce fungal viability in a dose-dependent manner. The formation of C. albicans biofilms on NO-releasing xerogel-coated silicon rubber (SiR) coupons was impeded when compared to control (non-NO-releasing) and bare SiR su... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4200181 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4200181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165083&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21058055%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Min KR, Zimmer MN, Rickard AH The aim of this study was to explore the physicochemical parameters that influence coaggregation between the freshwater bacteria Sphingomonas natatoria 2.1 and Micrococcus luteus 2.13. Using visual coaggregation assays, the effect of different buffers, solutions of differing ionic strength, pH, temperature, and viscosity on the degree of coaggregation was assessed. Coaggregation occurred maximally in distilled water but was inhibited when coaggregates were suspended in a commonly-used oral bacterial coaggregation buffer, saline solutions, and Tris-Cl buffers. Coaggregation was weakly expressed in standard laboratory buffers. The ionic strength of inorganic salt solutions required to inhibit coaggregation depended upon the inorganic salt being test... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165083 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165082&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21058056%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Choi DH, Noh JH, Yu OH, Kang YS To elucidate the bacterial diversity in biofilms formed on a condenser tube from a nuclear power plant, 16S rRNA gene sequences were examined using a PCR-cloning-sequencing approach. Twelve operational taxonomic units were retrieved in the clone library, and the estimated species richness was low (13.2). Most of the clones (94.7%) were affiliated with α-Proteobacteria; Planctomycetes and γ-Proteobacteria were much rarer. Interestingly, except for one clone belonging to Pseudoalteromonas, most of the sequences displayed sequence similarities <97% of those of the closest type strains. Based on 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis, most bacteria were assigned to novel taxa above the species level. The low species richness and unusual bacterial compo... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165082 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165081&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21058057%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sommer S, Ekin A, Webster DC, Stafslien SJ, Daniels J, Vanderwal LJ, Thompson SE, Callow ME, Callow JA Siloxane-polyurethane fouling-release (FR) coatings based on aminopropyl terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) macromers were prepared and characterized for FR performance via laboratory biological assays. These systems rely on self-stratification, resulting in a coating with a siloxane-rich surface and polyurethane bulk. Previously, these coating systems have used PDMS with multiple functional groups which react into the polyurethane bulk. Here, aminopropyl terminated PDMS macromers were prepared, where a single amine group anchors the PDMS in the coating. Coatings were prepared with four molecular weights (1000, 5000, 10,000, and 15,000 g mol(-1)) and two levels of PDMS ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165081 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4137380&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21038149%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Inbakandan D, Sriyutha Murthy P, Venkatesan R, Ajmal Khan S Marine bacteria from the hull of a ship in the form of biofilms or microfouling were isolated, cultured, and identified by phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences. With an average length of 946 bp, all the 16 sequences were classified using the Ribosomal database project (RDP) and were submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences indicated that the 16 strains belonged to the Firmicutes (IK-MB6 Exiguobacterium aurantiacum, IK-MB7 Exiguobacterium arabatum, IK-MB8 Exiguobacterium arabatum, IK-MB9 Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius, IK-MB10 Bacillus megaterium, IK-MB11 Bacillus pumilus, IK-MB12 Bacillus pumilus, IK-MB13 Bacillus pumilus, IK-MB14 Bacillus ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4137380 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4137380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4137379&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21038150%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Endo N, Sato K, Matsumura K, Yoshimura E, Odaka Y, Nogata Y Species-specific detection and quantification methods for barnacle larvae using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were developed. Species-specific primers for qPCR were designed for 13 barnacle species in the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene region. Primer specificity was examined by PCR using template DNA extracted from each of the 13 barnacle species, other unidentified barnacle species, and field collected zooplankton samples. The resulting PCR products comprised single bands following agarose gel electrophoresis when the templates corresponded to primers. The amplifications were highly species-specific even for the field plankton samples. The field plankton samples were subjected to qPCR ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4137379 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4137379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4137378&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21038151%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ho KK, Cole N, Chen R, Willcox MD, Rice SA, Kumar N Bacterial infection of biomedical devices is still a major barrier to their use. This is compounded by increasing antibiotic resistance. Here, the specific covalent attachment of a series of dihydropyrrol-2-one (DHP), analogues of bacterial quorum sensing inhibitors, to surfaces via a Michael-type addition reaction is described. Differences in efficiency of attachment related to the substituent groups were found by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The physical characteristics of the surfaces were further explored by atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. The ability of these coatings to prevent the formation of a biofilm by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was examined using confocal laser sc... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4137378 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4137378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4137377&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21038152%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lopez-Galindo C, Casanueva JF, Nebot E In an industrial seawater cooling system, the effects of three different antifouling treatments, viz. sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), aliphatic amines (Mexel®432) and UV radiation, on the characteristics of the fouling formed were evaluated. For this study a portable pilot plant, as a side-stream monitoring system and seawater cooling system, was employed. The pilot plant simulated a power plant steam condenser, having four titanium tubes under different treatment patterns, where fouling progression could be monitored. The nature of the fouling obtained was chiefly inorganic, showing a clear dependence on the antifouling treatment employed. After 72 days the tubes under treatment showed a reduction in the heat transfer resistance (R) of aro... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4137377 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4137377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4137376&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21038153%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Long CJ, Finlay JA, Callow ME, Callow JA, Brennan AB An algorithm was developed and implemented to map the locations of attached spores of Ulva linza on patterned surfaces. Using this mapping algorithm, spore preference among regions within a pattern can be detected and quantified. Settlement maps of spores on patterned topographies from several assays showed clear preferences in spore settlement. Over 94% of the spores attached within the depressed regions on the surfaces, including a surface containing pits instead of protruding features. The spores attached primarily at the intersections of several features, with over half and up to 96% of spores settling in these regions. The highest spore densities occurred at intersections where the features were most dissimilar. In cont... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4137376 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4137376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4107457&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20967646%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramya S, George RP, Subba Rao RV, Dayal RK Anodization and sol-gel treatments of titanium (Ti) were evaluated as biofilm control measures on surfaces exposed to seawater exposed to ultraviolet light. Anodized and sol-gel treated specimens were characterized using Raman spectroscopy to confirm the presence of TiO(2). The single anatase phase was observed at the anodized surfaces whereas the anatase/rutile mixed phase was detected on the sol-gel coated surfaces. After exposure of the specimens to seawater, biofilms were characterized by total viable counts, and epifluorescence and Raman microscopy. These techniques confirmed the reduction in biofilm formation on both the anodized and sol-gel coated Ti specimens compared to the untreated specimens. Biofilm control by anodization ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4107457 Wed, 27 Oct 2010 15:15:11 +0100 4107457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4088004&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20954022%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gattlen J, Amberg C, Zinn M, Mauclaire L The goal of this comparative study was to investigate biofilm forming microorganisms living in washing machines (WMs). Biofilms were sampled from 11 washing machines from four countries and three continents. Among the 94 isolated strains, 30% were potential human pathogens. Representative strains were selected and biofilm formation was evaluated with the crystal violet (CV) assay. The majority of the WM isolates formed more biofilm than their reference strains. Biofilms of P. putida WM (the largest biofilm producer) were exposed to different concentrations (0.0007-7 g l(-1)) of the standard detergent IEC-A* at 30°C for 30 min and observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Using quantitative CVA, P. putida WM biofilm removal re... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4088004 Fri, 22 Oct 2010 22:45:19 +0100 4088004 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061338&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20924840%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gilbert TW, Sone ED The notorious biofouling organism Dreissena polymorpha (the zebra mussel) attaches to a variety of surfaces using a byssus, a series of protein threads that connect the animal to adhesive plaques secreted onto hard substrata. Here, the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to characterize the composition of different regions of the byssus is reported. All parts of the byssus show mass peaks corresponding to small proteins in the range of 3.7-7 kDa, with distinctive differences between different regions. Indeed, spectra from thread and plaques are almost completely non-overlapping. In addition, several peaks were identified that are unique to the interfacial region of the plaque, and therefore like... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061338 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061337&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20931416%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boyce A, Piterina AV, Walsh G The potential suitability of 10 commercial protease and lipase products for cleaning-in-place (CIP) application in the dairy industry was investigated on a laboratory scale. Assessment was based primarily on the ability of the enzymes to remove an experimentally generated milk fouling deposit from stainless steel (SS) panels. Three protease products were identified as being most suitable for this application on the basis of their cleaning performance at 40°C, which was comparable to that of the commonly used cleaning agent, 1% NaOH at 60°C. This was judged by quantification of residual organic matter and protein on the SS surface after cleaning and analysis by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Enzyme activity was removed/inactivated und... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061337 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061336&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20938849%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, nine pure metals, viz. titanium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, molybdenum, tin, and lead have been tested for their antibacterial properties against two bacterial strains, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. This was accomplished using two assay methods, the film contact method and the shaking flask method. The results show that the antibacterial properties varied significantly with different metals and the effectiveness of metals to resist bacterial attachment varied with the bacterial strain. Among the metals tested, titanium and tin did not exhibit antibacterial properties. TEM images showed that metal accumulation resulted in the disruption of the bacterial cell wall and other cellular components. PMID: 20938849 [PubMed ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061336 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061335&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20938850%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study the susceptibility of 3-, 5- and 7-day-old Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium biofilms to disinfectants was evaluated. It was hypothesized that 7-day-old biofilms would be more resistant to disinfectants compared to 3- and 5-day-old biofilms. Biofilms were formed using the MBEC™ system and treated with six chemical disinfectants for 1 and 5 min. Four disinfectants at the highest concentration available showed 100% reduction in viable cells from all ages of biofilms after exposure for 5 min, and ethanol at 70% v/v was the least effective against biofilms, followed by chlorhexidine gluconate (CG). At the recommended user concentrations, only sodium hypochlorite showed 100% reduction in viable cells from all ages of biofilms. Benzalkonium chloride and CG were the least ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061335 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061334&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20938851%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Murata RM, Branco-de-Almeida LS, Franco EM, Yatsuda R, Dos Santos MH, de Alencar SM, Koo H, Rosalen PL 7-Epiclusianone (7-epi), a novel naturally occurring compound isolated from Rheedia brasiliensis, effectively inhibits the synthesis of exopolymers and biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. In the present study, the ability of 7-epi, alone or in combination with fluoride (F), to disrupt biofilm development and pathogenicity of S. mutans in vivo was examined using a rodent model of dental caries. Treatment (twice-daily, 60s exposure) with 7-epi, alone or in combination with 125 ppm F, resulted in biofilms with less biomass and fewer insoluble glucans than did those treated with vehicle-control, and they also displayed significant cariostatic effects in vivo (p < 0.0... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061334 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4003528&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20859812%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bak J, Ladefoged SD, Begovic T, Winding A Exposing Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm grown on the inner surface of Teflon and silicone tubes to UVC light (265 nm) from light emitting diodes (LED) has previously been shown to substantially reduce biofilm growth. Smaller UVC fluencies were required to disinfect Teflon tubes compared to silicone tubes. Light propagation enhancement in tubes can be obtained if the refractive index of the intra-luminal saline solution is higher than that of the polymer. This condition is achieved by using Teflon tubes with a low refractive index (1.34) instead of the polymers with a high refractive index (1.40-1.50) normally used for tubing in catheter production. Determining whether or not UVC light exposure can disinfect and maintain the intra-lu... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4003528 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 01:24:06 +0100 4003528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3981559&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20835930%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kurissery SR, Kanavillil N, Leung KT, Chen A, Davey L, Schraft H Biofilm samples collected from inside and outside the press and former sections of paper machines in a Northwestern Ontario paper mill for a period of 2 years were characterized microbiologically and electrochemically. Bacterial community profiling was done using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and selected bacterial isolates were identified using 16S rDNA analysis. The bacterial community showed the presence of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Sphingomonas sp. was found to be the most common bacterial species, which showed the highest production of extracellular polymeric substances. Bacteria isolated from biofilms showed better adhesion properties than... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3981559 Sun, 19 Sep 2010 06:18:12 +0100 3981559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3981558&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20835931%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pecastaings S, Berge M, Dubourg KM, Roques C Currently, models for studying Legionella pneumophila biofilm formation rely on multi-species biofilms with low reproducibility or on growth in rich medium, where planktonic growth is unavoidable. The present study describes a new medium adapted to the growth of L. pneumophila monospecies biofilms in vitro. A microplate model was used to test several media. After incubation for 6 days in a specific biofilm broth not supporting planktonic growth, biofilms consisted of 5.36 ± 0.40 log (cfu cm(-2)) or 5.34 ± 0.33 log (gu cm(-2)). The adhered population remained stable for up to 3 weeks after initial inoculation. In situ confocal microscope observations revealed a typical biofilm structure, comprising cell clusters ran... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3981558 Sun, 19 Sep 2010 06:18:07 +0100 3981558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3962144&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20818516%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bressy C, Hellio C, Marechal JP, Tanguy B, Margaillan A This paper focuses on the activity spectrum of three dimethylalkyl tertiary amines as potential active molecules and the corresponding ammonium salt-based antifouling (AF) paints. Bioassays (using marine bacteria, microalgae and barnacles) and field tests were combined to assess the AF activity of coatings. Bioassay results demonstrated that the ammonium salt-based paints did not inhibit the growth of microorganisms (except the dimethyldodecylammonium-based coatings) and that the tertiary amines were potent towards bacteria, diatoms, and barnacle larvae at non-toxic concentrations (therapeutic ratio, LC(50)/EC(50), < 1). The results from field tests indicated that the ammonium salt-based coatings inhibited the settleme... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3962144 Mon, 13 Sep 2010 13:00:13 +0100 3962144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3962143&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20818571%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Blackwood DJ, Lim CS, Teo SL Aluminum and zinc based sacrificial anodes are routinely used to provide corrosion protection to metals (typically steel) exposed to seawater, for example in steel pipelines and storage tanks. However, the high fouling rates experienced in South East Asia means that both the anodes and the metals to be protected rapidly become coated with macrofoulers, which could potentially prevent the anodes from being effective. The present study, involving exposure tests of up to 18 months, indicates that both aluminum and zinc sacrificial anodes remain effective even after being completely coated with biofouling. Furthermore, it was easier to remove the biofouling on the cathodically protected samples than on their unprotected counterparts, possibly due to th... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3962143 Mon, 13 Sep 2010 13:00:09 +0100 3962143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3962142&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20824571%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fay F, Linossier I, Carteau D, Dheilly A, Silkina A, Vallee-Rehel K Antifouling (AF) paints are used to prevent the attachment of living organisms to the submerged surfaces of ships, boats and aquatic structures, usually by the release of biocides. Apart from copper, organic booster biocides are the main active components in AF paints, but their use can have a negative impact on the marine environment. The direct effects of biocides on marine bacteria are poorly known. This work investigates the impact of two biocides, viz. diuron and tolylfluanid, on the growth and the viability of marine microorganisms and on their ability to form biofilms. The biocides in solution were found to inhibit growth of two strains of marine bacteria, viz. Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio vulnificus, a... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3962142 Mon, 13 Sep 2010 13:00:06 +0100 3962142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3912072&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20737326%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kamino K Balanomorphan barnacles attach their calcareous bases to a variety of substrata, including others of the same species, through secretion of an underwater adhesive, commonly referred to as cement. In this multi-functional process of underwater attachment, curing of the adhesive is crucial for the formation of a secure attachment. To date, there has been no direct evidence presented to suggest the involvement of cross-linking or polymerization in the cement curing process, despite the emergence of this hypothesis in the recent literature. A recently proposed mechanism for cement curing involves glutamyl-lysine cross-linking via the action of trans-glutaminase. However, in the opinion of the author, inadequate attention may have been paid to sample collection during the ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3912072 Sat, 28 Aug 2010 13:30:09 +0100 3912072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3912071&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20737327%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Engelsman AF, Saldarriaga-Fernandez IC, Nejadnik MR, van Dam GM, Francis KP, Ploeg RJ, Busscher HJ, van der Mei HC The fate of secondary biomaterial implants was determined by bio-optical imaging and plate counting, after antibiotic treatment of biomaterials-associated-infection (BAI) and surgical removal of an experimentally infected, primary implant. All primary implants and tissue samples from control mice showed bioluminescence and were culture-positive. In an antibiotic treated group, no bioluminescence was detected and only 20% of all primary implants and no tissue samples were culture-positive. After revision surgery, bioluminescence was detected in all control mice. All the implants and 80% of all tissue samples were culture-positive. In contrast, in the antibiotic tre... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3912071 Sat, 28 Aug 2010 13:30:05 +0100 3912071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3912073&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20737325%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20737325 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3912073 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3912073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3882139&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20711894%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Verma V, Harjai K, Chhibber S Bacteria have evolved multiple mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, to thwart antibiotic action. Yet antibiotics remain the drug of choice against clinical infections. It has been documented that young biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae could be eradicated significantly by ciprofloxacin treatment alone. Since age of biofilm is a decisive factor in determining the outcome of antibiotic treatment, in the present study biofilm of K. pneumoniae, grown for extended periods was treated with ciprofloxacin and/or depolymerase producing lytic bacteriophage (KPO1K2). The reduction in bacterial numbers of older biofilm was greater after application of the two agents in combination as ciprofloxacin alone could not reduce bacterial biomass significantly in old... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3882139 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3882139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3882138&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20711895%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Villa F, Albanese D, Giussani B, Stewart PS, Daffonchio D, Cappitelli F The antifoulant, zosteric acid, was synthesized using a non-patented process. Zosteric acid at 500 mg l(-1) caused a reduction of bacterial (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus) and fungal (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum) coverage by 90% and 57%, respectively. Calculated models allowed its antifouling activity to be predicted at different concentrations. Zosteric acid counteracted the effects of some colonization-promoting factors. Bacterial and fungal wettability was not affected, but the agent increased bacterial motility by 40%. A capillary accumulation test showed that zosteric acid did not act as a chemoeffector for E. coli, but stimulated a chemotactic response. Along with enhanced swimming mi... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3882138 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3882138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3869490&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20706890%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bakkiyaraj D, Karutha Pandian ST Staphylococcus aureus is now amongst the most important pathogenic bacteria responsible for bloodstream nosocomial infections and for biofilm formation on indwelling medical devices. Its increasing resistance to common antibiotics, partly attributed to its ability to form biofilms, is a challenge for the development of new antimicrobial agents. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of a coral associated actinomycete (CAA) - 3 on S. aureus biofilms both in vitro and in vivo. Methanolic extracts of CAA-3 showed a reduction in in vitro biofilm formation by S. aureus ATCC 11632, methicillin resistant S. aureus ATCC 33591 and clinical isolates of S. aureus at the biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC) of 0.1 mg ml(-1). Furth... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3869490 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3869490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3869489&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20706891%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Magin CM, Long CJ, Cooper SP, Ista LK, Lopez GP, Brennan AB A correlation between the attachment density of cells from two phylogenetic groups (prokaryotic Bacteria and eukaryotic Plantae), with surface roughness is reported for the first time. The results represent a paradigm shift in the understanding of cell attachment, which is a critical step in the biofouling process. The model predicts that the attachment densities of zoospores of the green alga, Ulva, and cells of the marine bacterium, Cobetia marina, scale inversely with surface roughness. The size and motility of the bacterial cells and algal spores were incorporated into the attachment model by multiplying the engineered roughness index (ERI(II)), which is a representation of surface energy, by the Reynolds number (... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3869489 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3869489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3809393&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20658383%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aldred N, Li G, Gao Y, Clare AS, Jiang S Zwitterionic polymers such as poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (polySBMA) and poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (polyCBMA) have demonstrated impressive fouling-resistance against proteins and mammalian cells. In this paper, the effects of these surface chemistries on the settlement and behavior of an ubiquitous fouling organism, the cypris larva of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (=Amphibalanus amphitrite), were studied in the laboratory. Conventional settlement assays and behavioral analysis of cyprids using Noldus Ethovision 3.1 demonstrated significant differences in settlement and behavior on different surfaces. Cyprids did not settle on the polySBMA or polyCBMA surfaces over the course of the assay, whereas settlement on glass occur... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3809393 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3809393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3809392&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20658384%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tan LT, Goh BP, Tripathi A, Lim MG, Dickinson GH, Lee SS, Teo SL Filamentous benthic marine cyanobacteria are a prolific source of structurally unique bioactive secondary metabolites. A total of 12 secondary metabolites, belonging to the mixed polyketide-polypeptide structural class, were isolated from the marine cyanobacterium, Lyngbya majuscula, and were tested to determine if they showed activity against barnacle larval settlement. The assays revealed four compounds, dolastatin 16 (1), hantupeptin C (4), majusculamide A (10), and isomalyngamide A (12), that showed moderate to potent anti-larval settlement activities, with EC(50) values ranging from 0.003 to 10.6 mug ml(-1). In addition, field testing conducted over a period of 28 days (using the modified Phytagel method) ba... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3809392 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3809392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3809391&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20661790%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study using a chemostat culture run for seven days in a CDC reactor it was found that a natural QQ compound, vanillin considerably suppressed bacterial biofilm formation on RO membrane. There was 97% reduction in biofilm surface coverage, when grown in the presence of vanillin. Similarly, the average thickness, total biomass and the total protein content of the biofilm that formed in the presence of vanillin were significantly less than that of the control. However vanillin had no effect on 1-day old pre-formed biofilm. PMID: 20661790 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3809391 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3809391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3809390&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20672200%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Santos O, Lindh L, Halthur T, Arnebrant T The adsorption of proteins from human whole saliva (HWS) onto silica and hydroxyapatite surfaces (HA) was followed by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and ellipsometry. The influence of different surface properties and adsorption media (water and PBS) on the adsorption from saliva was studied. The viscoelastic properties of the salivary films formed on the solid surfaces were estimated by the use of the Voigt-based viscoelastic film model. Furthermore, the efficiency of SDS and delmopinol to elute the adsorbed salivary film from the surfaces was investigated at different surfactant concentrations. A biphasic kinetic regime for the adsorption from saliva on the silica and HA surfaces was observed, indicating the form... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3809390 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3809390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3777105&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20645193%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perkins KJ, Andrewartha JM, McMinn A, Cook SS, Hallegraeff GM Freshwater microalgal biofouling in hydropower canals in Tarraleah, Tasmania, is dominated by a single diatom species, Gomphonema tarraleahae. The microfouling community is under investigation with the aim of reducing its impact on electricity generation. Species succession was investigated using removable glass slides. Fouled slides were examined microscopically and for chlorophyll a biomass. Chl a biomass increased steeply after 8 weeks (0.09-0.87 mg m(-2)), but increased much earlier on slides surrounded by a biofouled inoculum. Succession began with low profile diatoms such as Tabellaria flocculosa, progressing to stalked diatoms such as Gomphonema spp. and Cymbella aspera. Few chlorophytes and no filamentous al... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3777105 Thu, 22 Jul 2010 15:06:15 +0100 3777105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3777104&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20645194%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, stainless steel (SS) surfaces with antibacterial properties were created by embedding several antimicrobial peptides in a multilayer film architecture. The biocidal effect of these surfaces was demonstrated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria according to two ISO tests. Also, coating SS surfaces with either mucin or heparin led to a reduction of S. epidermidis adhesion of almost 95% vs the bare substratum. Finally, by combining both antibacterial and anti-adhesion biomolecules in the same multilayer film, SS surfaces with better cleanability were produced. This surface coating property may help to delay the buildup of a dead bacterial layer which is known to progressively reduce exposure of the coating, leading to an undesirable decrease in the antibacteria... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3777104 Thu, 22 Jul 2010 15:06:12 +0100 3777104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3777103&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20645195%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, modifications of chemistry were investigated with respect to their resistance to marine slimes and to settlement of barnacle cyprids. Adhesion force measurements of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips to xerogel surfaces prepared from aminopropylsilyl-, fluorocarbonsilyl-, and hydrocarbonsilyl-containing precursors, indicated that adhesion was significantly less on the xerogel surfaces in comparison to a poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer (PDMSE) standard. The strength of adhesion of BSA on the xerogels was highest on surfaces with the highest and the lowest critical surface tensions, gamma(C) and surface energies, gamma(S), and duplicated the 'Baier curve'. The attachment to and removal of cells of the diatom Navicula perminuta from a similar ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3777103 Thu, 22 Jul 2010 15:06:08 +0100 3777103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3759053&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20628927%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee JS, Ray RI, Little BJ Experiments were designed to evaluate the nature and extent of microbial contamination and the potential for microbiologically influenced corrosion of alloys exposed in a conventional high sulfur diesel (L100) and alternative fuels, including 100% biodiesel (B100), ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and blends of ULSD and B100 (B5 and B20). In experiments with additions of distilled water, all fuels supported biofilm formation. Changes in the water pH did not correlate with observations related to corrosion. In all exposures, aluminum 5052 was susceptible to pitting while stainless steel 304L exhibited passive behavior. Carbon steel exhibited uniform corrosion in ULSD and L100, and passive behavior in B5, B20, and B100. PMID: 20628927 [PubMed - in pro... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3759053 Sat, 17 Jul 2010 00:15:05 +0100 3759053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3733801&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20603726%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gotoh H, Kasaraneni N, Devineni N, Dallo SF, Weitao T Bacterial biofilm formation can be induced by antimicrobial and DNA damage agents. These agents trigger the SOS response, in which SOS sensor RecA stimulates auto-cleavage of repressor LexA. These observations lead to a hypothesis of a connection between stress-inducible biofilm formation and the RecA-LexA interplay. To test this hypothesis, three biofilm assays were conducted, viz. the standard 96-well assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the newly developed biofilm-on-paper assay. It was found that biofilm stimulation by the DNA replication inhibitor hydroxyurea was dependent on RecA and appeared repressed by the non-cleavable LexA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Surprisingly, deletion of lexA led to reduction of bot... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3733801 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3733801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3733800&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20603727%26dopt%3DAbstract This article describes hull fouling on seven slow-moving commercial vessels sampled over a 1 year period. Sampling involved the collection of images and fouling specimens from different hull locations using a standardised protocol developed to assess vessel biofouling in New Zealand. A total of 29 taxa was identified by expert taxonomists, of which 24% were indigenous to New Zealand and 17% non-indigenous. No first records to New Zealand were reported, however 59% of species were classified as 'unknown' due to insufficient taxonomic resolution. The extent of fouling was low compared to that described for other slow-movers. Fouling cover, biomass and richness were on average 17.1% (SE = 1.8%), 5.2 g (SE = 1.1 g) and 0.8 (SE = 0.07) per photoquadrat (200 x 200 mm), respectively. The fouling ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3733800 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3733800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3707725&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20582761%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chang C, Jing-Jing Z, Chun-Hua R, Chao-Qun H A previous study has shown that Vibrio alginolyticus ZJ-51 undergoes colony phase variation between opaque/rugose (Op) and translucent/smooth (Tr). The AI-2 quorum-sensing master regulator ValR, a homolog to V. harveyi LuxR, was suggested to be involved in the transition. To investigate the role of ValR in the variation and in biofilm formation, an in-frame deletion of valR in both Op and Tr backgrounds was carried out. The mutants in both backgrounds showed an intermediate colony morphotype, where the colonies were less opaque/rugose but not fully translucent/smooth either. They also showed an intermediate level of motility. However, biofilm formation was severely decreased in both mutants and polar flagella were depleted also. Qua... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3707725 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 04:39:07 +0100 3707725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3680414&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20560082%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bullard SG, Shumway SE, Davis CV Biofouling is a major problem faced by marine industries. Physical and chemical treatments are available to control fouling, but most are costly, time consuming or negatively affect the environment. The use of aeration (ie continuous streams of air bubbles) to prevent fouling was examined. Experiments were conducted at three sites with different benthic communities. Experimental panels (10 cm x 10 cm; PVC and concrete) were deployed with or without aeration. Aeration flowed continuously from spigots 0.5 m below the panels at a rate of approximately 3.3 to 5.0 l min(-1). After 1 and 4 weeks, aerated PVC panels from all sites had significantly less fouling than non-aerated controls. Aeration reduced fouling on both the PVC and concrete surfaces. ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3680414 Mon, 21 Jun 2010 18:42:05 +0100 3680414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3673051&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544433%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sillankorva S, Neubauer P, Azeredo J Despite the recent enthusiasm for using bacteriophages as bacterial control agents, there are only limited studies concerning phage interaction with their respective hosts residing in mixed biofilm consortia and especially in biofilms where the host species is a minor constituent. In the present work, a study was made of mono and dual species biofilms formed by Pseudomonas fluorescens (Gram-negative) and/or Staphylococcus lentus (Gram-positive) and their fate after infection with phages. The dual species biofilms consisted predominantly of S. lentus. The exposure of these biofilms to a cocktail containing both P. fluorescens and S. lentus phages effectively killed and removed the hosts from the substratum. Additionally, this cocktail approa... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3673051 Fri, 18 Jun 2010 23:36:12 +0100 3673051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3673050&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544434%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tøttrup AP, Chan BK, Koskinen H, Høeg JT The presence of adult barnacles of Fistulobalanus pallidus (Darwin) and Fistulobalanus albicostatus (Pilsbry) attached to field-readable plastic leg rings on the Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus in Northern Europe is reported. L. fuscus is a long-distance palaearctic migrant, breeding in temperate areas spreading widely over inland and marine habitats outside the breeding season. The species is known to perform long-distance migration to Africa and the Middle East. Combining present knowledge on the birds' migratory pattern and the home range of the barnacle species, it is concluded that the cypris larvae of F. pallidus must have settled in African waters, whereas the area where F. albicostatus settled on the bird leg rings i... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3673050 Fri, 18 Jun 2010 23:36:09 +0100 3673050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3673046&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544435%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wong WC, Dudinsky LA, Garcia VM, Ott CM, Castro VA As the provision of potable water is critical for successful habitation of the International Space Station (ISS), life support systems were installed in December 2008 to recycle both humidity from the atmosphere and urine to conserve available water in the Station. In-flight pre-consumption testing from the dispensing needle at the Potable Water Dispenser (PWD) indicated that bacterial concentrations exceeded the current ISS specifications of 50 colony-forming units (CFU) ml(-1). Subsequent investigations revealed that a corrugated stainless steel flex hose upstream of the dispensing needle in the PWD was filled with nonsterile water and left at room temperature for more than 1 month before launch. To simulate biofilm formatio... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3673046 Fri, 18 Jun 2010 23:36:05 +0100 3673046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3644729&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20526914%26dopt%3DAbstract This study used a specially designed MAGPLATE system to quantify the en route survivorship and post-voyage recovery of biofouling assemblages subjected to short voyages (<12 h) across a range of vessel speeds (slow, medium, fast; in the range 4.0-21.5 knots). The effect of hull location (bow, amidships and stern) was also examined. While no significant differences were evident in en route survivorship of biofouling organisms amongst hull locations, biofouling cover and richness were markedly reduced on faster vessels relative to slower craft. Therefore, the potential inoculum size of non-indigenous marine species and richness is likely to be reduced for vessels that travel at faster speeds (>14 knots), which is likely to also reduce the chances of successful introductions. Despite th... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3644729 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 15:45:09 +0100 3644729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3644727&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20526980%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hopkins GA, Forrest BM, Coutts AD The present study tested two diver-operated rotating brush systems, coupled with suction and collection capabilities, to determine their efficacy in the management of vessel biofouling. Both rotating brush systems proved effective (>80%) in removing low-to-moderate levels of fouling from flat and curved experimental surfaces (Perspex plates). However, performance was generally poorer at removing more advanced levels of fouling. In particular, mature calcareous organisms were relatively resistant to the rotating brushes, with a high proportion (up to 50%) remaining on plates following treatment. On average, >95% of defouled material was collected and retained by both systems. The amount of lost material generally increased when treating c... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3644727 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 15:45:06 +0100 3644727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3626228&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20512708%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Khodse VB, Bhosle NB Diatoms are abundant in biofilms developed on surfaces immersed in sunlit waters. In both the planktonic and the biofilm mode of growth, diatoms produce carbohydrate polymers which perform several functions including motility, protection, production of macro-aggregates and detoxification. However, little is known about the differences, if any, in the production and characterization at the molecular level of carbohydrates in planktonic and biofilm cells. In order to identify the differences in these two modes of growth, the concentration of total carbohydrates, carbohydrate fractions, neutral carbohydrates, uronic acids and amino sugars in planktonic and biofilm cells of Amphora rostrata were measured. The results showed that the distribution of carbohydrat... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3626228 Thu, 03 Jun 2010 23:18:05 +0100 3626228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3579932&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20473799%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kania RE, Lamers GE, van de Laar N, Dijkhuizen M, Lagendijk E, Huy PT, Herman P, Hiemstra P, Grote JJ, Frijns J, Bloemberg GV The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of yeast and bacterial biofilms on the surface of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TVPs) by a double-staining technique with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Biofilms of 12 removed TVPs were visualized by scanning electron microscopy, then stained with ConA-FITC and propidium iodide for CLSM. Microbial identification was by partial 16S rRNA gene analysis and ITS-2 sequence analysis. Microbial biofilms on the TVPs consisted of bacteria and filamentous cells. Bacterial cells were attached to the filamentous and unicellular yeast cells, thus forming a network. Sequence analyses of six voice... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3579932 Thu, 20 May 2010 14:12:06 +0100 3579932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3520560&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20432077%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hamit-Eminovski J, Eskilsson K, Arnebrant T Ellipsometry was used to investigate the effect of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) formulations of different degrees of hydrolysation on an adsorbed mucin film. The results were compared to the effect of aluminium chloride (AlCl(3)) and ferric chloride. A compaction of the mucin film took place upon addition of the formulations and this occurred to different extents and at different concentrations for the different formulations. The compaction of PAC of a low degree of hydrolysis behaved similarly to AlCl(3). PAC of a high degree of hydrolysis showed a greater compaction effect than the other aluminium formulations. The initial compaction concentration was found to be 0.001 mM which is less than previously found for aluminium-mucin comp... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3520560 Sat, 01 May 2010 11:22:05 +0100 3520560