MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Biofouling' source. Sun, 21 Mar 2010 17:04:04 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3336080&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20198521%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lequette Y, Boels G, Clarisse M, Faille C The aim of this study was to analyze the cleaning efficiency of polysaccharidases and proteolytic enzymes against biofilms of bacterial species found in food industry processing lines and to study enzyme effects on the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and biofilm removal in a Clean-in-Place (CIP) procedure. The screening of 7 proteases and polysaccharidases for removal of biofilms of 16 bacterial species was first evaluated using a microtiter plate assay. The alkaline pH buffer removed more biofilm biomass as well as affecting a larger range of bacterial species. The two serine proteases and alpha-amylase were the most efficient enzymes. Proteolytic enzymes promoted biofilm removal of a larger range of bacterial ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3336080 Sat, 06 Mar 2010 07:12:05 +0100 3336080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3319076&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20191401%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Long CJ, Schumacher JF, Robinson PA, Finlay JA, Callow ME, Callow JA, Brennan AB A predictive model for the attachment of spores of the green alga Ulva on patterned topographical surfaces was developed using a constant refinement approach. This 'attachment model' incorporated two historical data sets and a modified version of the previously-described Engineered Roughness Index. Two sets of newly-designed surfaces were used to evaluate the effect of two components of the model on spore settlement. Spores attached in fewer numbers when the area fraction of feature tops increased or when the number of distinct features in the design increased, as predicted by the model. The model correctly predicted the spore attachment density on three previously-untested surfaces relative to a ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3319076 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 13:12:05 +0100 3319076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315898&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20182931%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bushnak IA, Labeed FH, Sear RP, Keddie JL The adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans on mucin coatings was evaluated to explore the feasibility of using the coating to increase the infection resistance of biomaterials. Coatings of bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) were deposited on a base layer consisting of a poly(acrylic acid-b-methyl methacrylate) (PAA-b-PMMA) diblock copolymer. This bi-layer system exploits the mucoadhesive interactions of the PAA block to aid the adhesion of mucin to the substratum, whereas the PMMA block prevents dissolution of the coating in aqueous environments. The thickness of the mucin coating was adjusted by varying the pH of the solution from which it was deposited. Thin mucin coatings decreased the numbers of... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315898 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 16:00:13 +0100 3315898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315897&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20182932%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramirez M, Hernandez-Marine M, Novelo E, Roldan M Surfaces of buildings at the archaeological site of Palenque, Mexico, are colonized by cyanobacteria that form biofilms, which in turn cause aesthetic and structural damage. The structural characterization and species composition of biofilms from the walls of one of these buildings, El Palacio, are reported. The distribution of photosynthetic microorganisms in the biofilms, their relationship with the colonized substratum, and the three-dimensional structure of the biofilms were studied by image analysis. The differences between local seasonal microenvironments at the Palenque site, the bioreceptivity of stone and the relationship between biofilms and their substrata are described. The implications for the development and perma... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315897 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 16:00:07 +0100 3315897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255131&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20140796%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ferrera I, Massana R, Balague V, Pedros-Alio C, Sanchez O, Mas J Phototrophic biofilms are used in a variety of biotechnological and industrial processes. Understanding their structure, ie microbial composition, is a necessary step for understanding their function and, ultimately, for the success of their application. DNA analysis methods can be used to obtain information on the taxonomic composition and relative abundance of the biofilm members. The potential bias introduced by DNA extraction methods in the study of the diversity of a complex phototrophic sulfide-oxidizing biofilm was examined. The efficiency of eight different DNA extraction methods combining physical, mechanical and chemical procedures was assessed. Methods were compared in terms of extraction efficiency, m... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255131 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 22:16:08 +0100 3255131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255130&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20140797%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gosau M, Prantl L, Feldmann M, Kokott A, Hahnel S, Burgers R This in vitro study evaluated the antibacterial effect of copper additives in silicone implants. Specimens of a standard silicone material used in breast augmentation and modified copper-loaded silicone specimens were prepared and incubated in a Staphylococcus epidermidis suspension (2 h, 37 degrees C). After the quantification of adhering staphylococci using a biofluorescence assay (Resazurin), the viability of the adhering bacterial cells was quantified by live or dead cell labeling in combination with fluorescence microscopy. In the Resazurin fluorometric quantification, a higher amount of adhering S. epidermidis cells was detected on pure silicone (4612 [2319/7540] relative fluorescence units [rfu]) than on silic... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255130 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 22:16:05 +0100 3255130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3228286&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20112148%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Romano JA, Rittschof D, McClellan-Green PD, Holm ER Inter- and intra-population variation in the toxicity of the antifouling biocide copper pyrithione (CuPT) was examined for nauplius larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. Nauplii were collected from brooding adults from four sites within the Newport River estuary (NC), chosen based on an initial estimation of recent and historical human activities that affect local contamination levels. Each site was characterized for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and for the frequency of gastropod imposex, an indicator of contamination by organotins. Sensitivity of nauplii to CuPT varied significantly across the sites/populations, with LC(50) values ranging from 4.0 mug l(-1) to 6.1 mug l(-1). Larvae from the most cont... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3228286 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 11:52:02 +0100 3228286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015723&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19927239%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reports experiments designed to investigate whether elevated NO reduces the adhesion of zoospores of the green alga Ulva, an important fouling species. Surface-normalised values of NO were measured using the fluorescent indicator DAF-FM DA and parallel hydrodynamic measurements of adhesion strength were made. Elevated levels of NO caused by the addition of the exogenous NO donor SNAP reduced spore settlement by 20% and resulted in lower adhesion strength. Addition of the NO scavenger cPTIO abolished the effects of SNAP on adhesion. The strength of attachment and NO production by spores in response to four coatings (Silastic(R) T2; Intersleek(R) 700; Intersleek(R) 900 and polyurethane) shows that reduced adhesion is correlated with an increase in NO production. It is proposed t... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015723 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 01:24:09 +0100 3015723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015722&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19927240%26dopt%3DAbstract This study records the decapods and stomatopod crustaceans fouling a semisubmersible oil platform dry docked for hull cleaning in Jurong Port, Singapore. Of the 25 species of decapods identified, 13 were non-indigenous and represent new records to Singapore waters. Of these, the crabs Glabropilumnus seminudus and Carupa tenuipes are known to be invasive in other parts of the world. The stomatopod, Gonodactylaceus randalli, is the first mantis shrimp recorded in a biofouling community. The richness and diversity of this fouling community, consisting of many vagile species, highlights the difference between platforms and ships. With the expansion of maritime oil and gas exploration, the threat posed by an expanded fleet of semisubmersible oil platforms translocating non-indigenous fouling co... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015722 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 01:24:05 +0100 3015722 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2935410&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19859848%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Manuel CM, Nunes OC, Melo LF The effects of water stagnation and flushing on the biological stability of drinking water were studied by promoting the formation of biofilms under continuous flow (turbulent or laminar) and subsequently subjecting them to unsteady hydraulic situations. Independently of the flow regime under which the biofilm was formed, stagnation promoted bacterial accumulation, either in attached or suspended form, which were carried away in higher numbers when flow was re-started, thereby compromising its biological quality. In all cases, Betaproteobacteria was the dominant phylogenetic group, although Gamma and Alpha subclasses were also present. These results suggest that special attention should be given to the biological quality of drinking water where con... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2935410 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 23:56:05 +0100 2935410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2548424&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19373571%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marabotti I, Morelli A, Orsini LM, Martinelli E, Galli G, Chiellini E, Lien EM, Pettitt ME, Callow ME, Callow JA, Conlan SL, Mutton RJ, Clare AS, Kocijan A, Donik C, Jenko M Fouling-release coatings were prepared from blends of a fluorinated/siloxane copolymer with a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) matrix in order to couple the low modulus character of PDMS with the low surface tension typical for fluorinated polymers. The content of the surface-active copolymer was varied in the blend over a broad range (0.15-10 wt % with respect to PDMS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling analyses were performed on the coatings to establish the distribution of specific chemical constituents throughout the coatings, and proved enrichment in fluorine of the outermost layers of th... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2548424 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 05:21:03 +0100 2548424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2548423&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19382011%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Di Pippo F, Bohn A, Congestri R, De Philippis R, Albertano P Phototrophic biofilm samples from an Italian wastewater treatment plant were studied in microcosm experiments under varying irradiances, temperatures and flow regimes to assess the effects of environmental variables and phototrophic biomass on capsular exopolysaccharides (CPS). The results, obtained from circular dichroism spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography, suggest that CPS have a stable spatial conformation and a complex monosaccharide composition. The total amount present was positively correlated with the biomass of cyanobacteria and diatoms, and negatively with the biovolume of green algae. The proportion of uronic acids showed the same correlation with these taxon groups, indicating a poten... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2548423 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 05:21:03 +0100 2548423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2548422&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19387876%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tasso M, Pettitt ME, Cordeiro AL, Callow ME, Callow JA, Werner C The proteinaceous nature of the adhesives used by most fouling organisms to attach to surfaces suggests that coatings incorporating proteolytic enzymes may provide a technology for the control of biofouling. In the present article, the antifouling (AF) and fouling release potential of model coatings incorporating the surface-immobilized protease, Subtilisin A, have been investigated. The enzyme was covalently attached to maleic anhydride copolymer thin films; the characteristics of the bioactive coatings obtained were adjusted through variation of the type of copolymer and the concentration of the enzyme solution used for immobilization. The bioactive coatings were tested for their effect on the settlement and ad... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2548422 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 05:21:03 +0100 2548422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2548421&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19408136%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen R, Cole N, Willcox MD, Park J, Rasul R, Carter E, Kumar N Infection associated with implanted biomaterials is common and costly and such infections are extremely resistant to antibiotics and host defenses. Consequently, there is a need to develop surfaces which resist bacterial adhesion and colonization. The broad spectrum synthetic cationic peptide melimine has been covalently linked to a surface via two azide linkers, 4-azidobenzoic acid (ABA) or 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl azide (FNA), and the resulting surfaces characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. The quantity of bound peptide was estimated by a modified Bradford assay. The antimicrobial efficacy of the two melimine-modified surfaces against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphyloco... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2548421 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 05:21:03 +0100 2548421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2548420&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19408137%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, Vibrio alginolyticus ZJ-51 displayed phase variation between opaque, rugose colonies (Op) and translucent, smooth colonies (Tr). Unlike the vibrios reported previously, Tr cells of ZJ-51 enhanced biofilm formation and motility, but they did not differ from Op cells in the quantity of surface polysaccharides produced. Real time PCR was used to analyze the expression of the genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis, flagellar synthesis, and the AI-2 quorum-sensing system. The results revealed that the K-antigen capsule gene cluster (which consists of homologs to the cpsA-K in Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and O-antigen polysaccharide gene cluster (which contains homologs to the wza-wzb-wzc) were significantly more transcribed in Tr cells. The AI-2 quorum-sensing genes showed en... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2548420 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 05:21:03 +0100 2548420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2548419&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19431000%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shakerifard P, Gancel F, Jacques P, Faille C Various lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis were examined for their ability to modify the surface hydrophobicity of two substrata, stainless steel (SS) and Teflon. These modifications were evaluated by water contact angle measurements. The effects depended on the lipopeptide, its concentration, and the tested substratum. Treatment of SS with different concentrations of surfactin S1 showed an increase of the hydrophobicity between 1 and 100 mg l(-1). On the same substratum, fengycin increased hydrophobicity up to its critical micelle concentration (6.25 mg l(-1)). With higher concentrations of fengycin, hydrophobicity decreased. Surfactin, mycosubtilin, and iturin A decreased hydrophobicity on Teflon. The different effects of ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2548419 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 05:21:03 +0100 2548419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2548418&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19437193%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vrouwenvelder JS, Hinrichs C, Van der Meer WG, Van Loosdrecht MC, Kruithof JC In an earlier study, it was shown that biofouling predominantly is a feed spacer channel problem. In this article, pressure drop development and biofilm accumulation in membrane fouling simulators have been studied without permeate production as a function of the process parameters substrate concentration, linear flow velocity, substrate load and flow direction. At the applied substrate concentration range, 100-400 microg l(-1) as acetate carbon, a higher concentration caused a faster and greater pressure drop increase and a greater accumulation of biomass. Within the range of linear flow velocities as applied in practice, a higher linear flow velocity resulted in a higher initial pressure drop in ad... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2548418 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 05:21:03 +0100 2548418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2548417&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19440892%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the results suggested that bacteria can be used as a tool for machining metallic surfaces. PMID: 19440892 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2548417 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 05:21:03 +0100 2548417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2548416&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19449240%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pérez-Roa RE, Anderson MA, Rittschof D, Hunt CG, Noguera DR The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in electrochemical biofouling inhibition was investigated using a series of abiotic tests and settlement experiments with larvae of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite, a cosmopolitan fouler. Larval settlement, a measure of biofouling potential, was reduced from 43% +/- 14% to 5% +/- 6% upon the application of pulsed electric signals. The application of ROS scavengers such as glutathione and catalase counteracted the inhibitory effects of the electric signals, allowing settlement, and thus indicating that ROS are antifouling agents. Based on the experimental evidence, the proposed mechanism for ROS-based fouling prevention with interdigitated electrodes involved the elec... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2548416 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 05:21:03 +0100 2548416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2548415&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19462310%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Blustein G, Pérez M, García M, Stupak M, Cerruti C Marine biofouling constitutes a major worldwide technical and economic problem. International regulations concerning the protection of both the environment and industrial workers have prompted paint manufacturers and end users to look for suitable replacements for traditional antifouling (AF) pigments. For this reason, the potential AF activity of potassium sorbate (KS) on nauplii and cyprids of Balanus amphitrite was tested in laboratory and field trials. Larval bioassays demonstrated a marked inhibitory and reversible effect. The values obtained for EC(50) and LC(50) were 9.91 mM and 36.73 mM, respectively, and the therapeutic ratio was 3.71, indicating that KS acts via a non-toxic mechanism. After 60 days in the s... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2548415 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 05:21:03 +0100 2548415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2235404&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19253074%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen H, Mao H, Wu L, Zhang J, Dong Y, Wu Z, Hu J The present work demonstrates that nanobubbles can be used as cleaning agents on stainless steel (SS) surfaces. Cleaning efficiency has been quantified. Using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), it was demonstrated that nanobubbles can be produced by electrochemical treatment on a SS surface either with or without adsorbed bovine serum albumin (BSA). After allowing adsorption on SS overnight, radio-labeled BSA was removed by electrochemically generated nanobubbles, and then the remaining BSA on the surface was quantified by radioactivity measurement. The results indicate that nanobubbles can remove >10% of the protein in each 3-min electrochemical treatment while in a control group, washing with water and electrolyte resulted i... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2235404 Thu, 05 Mar 2009 13:25:26 +0100 2235404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2192323&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19219673%26dopt%3DAbstract This study reports its introduction to Japan and confirms its occurrence in Australia. In an attempt to determine the source of this introduction, phylogeographic techniques, involving cytochrome c oxidase I sequences of various widely separate populations of M. rosa and M. volcano, were utilized. No significant genetic differentiation or haplotype patterns between widely separated populations of each of the three species were found. Lack of such differentiation indicates recent geographical isolation and thus negates a null hypothesis predicting that the occurrence of one of more of these species in Australia was natural. PMID: 19219673 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2192323 Wed, 18 Feb 2009 04:22:25 +0100 2192323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2148337&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19180351%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sullan RM, Gunari N, Tanur AE, Chan Y, Dickinson GH, Orihuela B, Rittschof D, Walker GC Polymerized barnacle glue was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chemical staining. Nanoscale structures exhibiting rod-shaped, globular and irregularly-shaped morphologies were observed in the bulk cement of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (=Balanus amphitrite) by AFM. SEM coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) provided chemical composition information, making evident the organic nature of the rod-shaped nanoscale structures. FTIR spectroscopy gave signatures of beta-sheet and random coil conformations. The mechanical properties of these nanoscale structures were also probed using force s... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2148337 Sat, 31 Jan 2009 14:44:31 +0100 2148337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2148336&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19180352%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dafforn KA, Johnston EL, Glasby TM Global increases in urban development have resulted in severe habitat modification in many estuaries. Most are now dominated by artificial structures, which might have a myriad of effects on native species. The provision of extra hard substrata presents additional free space, and recent research suggests non-indigenous epifauna may be able to exploit these artificial structures (particularly pontoons) more effectively than native species. The early development of fouling assemblages was compared on settlement plates attached to fixed or moving experimental structures at depths of 0.5 m and 2 m. Invertebrate invaders as a group were disproportionately more numerous on shallow, moving plates (essentially floating surfaces) than on deeper plates... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2148336 Sat, 31 Jan 2009 14:44:25 +0100 2148336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2129996&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19165644%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a rapid, cost-effective system for the specific early detection of a variety of oxidized steel surfaces is described, taking advantage of bacteria with natural affinities for iron oxides, to identify the sites of nascent corrosion. PMID: 19165644 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2129996 Sat, 24 Jan 2009 16:01:22 +0100 2129996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2007844&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19048423%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ank G, Porto TF, Pereira RC, da Gama BA Surface colonization by invertebrates can be stimulated or inhibited by cues produced by biofilms, conspecifics or other macroorganisms. To study the effects of living substrata on the attachment of the brown mussel, Perna perna, two different approaches were employed: (1) mussels were distributed in sets of Petri dishes consisting of one sterile set (controls), three sets in which marine biofilms were allowed to develop in aquaria for 1, 7 or 15 days and another set that had been immersed in a natural marine environment for 1-day. There was no significant effect of biofilms on attachment, suggesting that neither age nor the source of the biofilm influenced attachment. (2) Mussels were suspended over PVC panels (controls) and over panels... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2007844 Sat, 29 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2007844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1993363&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19031305%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Phang IY, Chaw KC, Choo SS, Kang RK, Lee SS, Birch WR, Teo SL, Vancso GJ Atomic force microscopy (AFM), laboratory settlement assays and field tests were used to correlate cyprid footprint (FP) morphology with the behaviour of cyprids on different substrata. AFM imaging under laboratory conditions revealed more porous and larger FPs on glass exposing a CH(3)-surface than on aminosilane functionalised (NH(2)-) surfaces. The secreted FP volume was found to be similar on both substrata (2.1-2.6 mum(3)). Laboratory settlement assays and marine field tests were performed on three substrata, viz. untreated clean glass, NH(2)-glass, and CH(3)-glass. The results distinguished settlement preferences for NH(2)-glass and untreated glass over CH(3)-terminated surfaces, suggesting that cyp... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1993363 Mon, 24 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1993363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1993362&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19031306%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Molino PJ, Childs S, Eason Hubbard MR, Carey JM, Burgman MA, Wetherbee R The role played by bacteria during the pioneering stages of colonisation on marine coatings was investigated over three distinct seasons in both tropical and temperate environments. Novel methods were developed to facilitate the study of the adhered bacterial population on the test coatings in their native, hydrated state. The approach eliminated destructive sample preparation techniques, including sample dehydration and/or removal from the substratum surface prior to analysis. Bacterial colonisation during initial biofilm formation was evaluated on two antifouling paints, Intersmooth 360(R) and Super Yacht 800(R), and a fouling release coating, Intersleek 700(R). Bacterial colonisation was quantified on ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1993362 Mon, 24 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1993362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1982084&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19023685%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Evans LV PMID: 19023685 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1982084 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1982084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1977066&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19021015%26dopt%3DAbstract Reply to Clare and Høeg 2008. Balanus amphitrite or Amphibalanus amphitrite? A note on barnacle nomenclature. Biofouling. 2008 Nov 19;:1-4 Authors: Carlton JT, Newman WA The scientific names of living organisms can and do sometimes change. Such changes generally reflect advances in knowledge of the relationships of species and/or higher taxa. The new name, Amphibalanus amphitrite (subfamily Amphibalaninae), for a well-known fouling barnacle previously known as Balanus amphitrite (subfamily Balaninae), was proposed in accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and is now widely accepted. Clare and Høeg (2008) criticise this change but offer no scientifically valid reason to return to the earlier nomenclature of this or any other well-known specie... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1977066 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1977066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1977065&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19021016%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yuan SJ, Liu CK, Pehkonen SO, Bai RB, Neoh KG, Ting YP, Kang ET A novel surface modification technique was developed to provide a copper nickel alloy (M) surface with bactericidal and anticorrosion properties for inhibiting biocorrosion. 4-(chloromethyl)-phenyl tricholorosilane (CTS) was first coupled to the hydroxylated alloy surface to form a compact silane layer, as well as to confer the surface with chloromethyl functional groups. The latter allowed the coupling of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) to generate the M-CTS-4VP surface with biocidal functionality. Subsequent surface graft polymerization of 4VP, in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) initiator, from the M-CTS-4VP surface produced the poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P(4VP)) grafted surface, or the M-CTS-P(4VP) surface. The pyridi... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1977065 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1977065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1977064&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19021017%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nandakumar K, Obika H, Sreekumari K, Utsumi A, Ooie T, Yano T In this laboratory study, the ability of low-power pulsed laser irradiation to kill planktonic organisms in a flowing water system was examined, thus, to test the possibility of using this technique as a water treatment strategy to reduce biofouling growth in condenser tubes of power plants and to reduce bioinvasion via the ballast water of ships. Two flow rates (4.6 and 9.0 l h(-1)) were tested on three planktonic organisms: two marine centric diatoms viz. Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros gracilis and a dinoflagellate, Heterocapsa circularisquama. A low-power pulsed laser irradiation at 532 nm with a fluence of 0.1 J cm(-2) from a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser was used as the irradiation source. The laser irra... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1977064 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1977064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1940756&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18985468%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides quantified surface parameters to guide the development of new materials with surface properties that confer fouling resistance and release. PMID: 18985468 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1940756 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1940756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1940755&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18985469%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cha HJ, Hwang DS, Lim S, White JD, Matos-Perez CR, Wilker JJ Mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) have received increased attention as potential biomedical and environmental friendly adhesives. However, practical application of MAPs has been severely limited by uneconomical extraction and unsuccessful genetic production. Developing new adhesives requires access to large quantities of material and demonstrations of bulk mechanical properties. Previously, the authors designed fp-151, a fusion protein comprised of six MAP type 1 (fp-1) decapeptide repeats at each MAP type 5 (fp-5) terminus and successfully expressed it in Escherichia coli. This recombinant hybrid protein exhibited high-level expression, a simple purification and high biocompatibility as well as strong adhesive ability... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1940755 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1940755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1881254&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18855151%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhou X, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Jin C, He H, Hao X, Qian PY To determine whether they could serve as non-toxic or less damaging alternative antifouling (AF) agents, 17 flavone and isoflavone derivatives were isolated from terrestrial plant extracts, purified and examined for their ability to inhibit the settlement of barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) cyprids. In larval bioassays, eight compounds showed strong anti-larval settlement activities, with EC(50) values <10 mug ml(-1). Through an analysis of the structure-activity relationship of these compounds, it was found that (1) the structural difference between flavones and isoflavones did not affect their AF activities; (2) the 5-hydroxyl group on the skeletons played a key role in AF activities; and (3) the presence of hydroxyl group o... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1881254 Mon, 13 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1881254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1881253&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18855196%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McMaster DM, Bennett SM, Tang Y, Finlay JA, Kowalke GL, Nedved B, Bright FV, Callow ME, Callow JA, Wendt DE, Hadfield MG, Detty MR Halide-permeable xerogel films prepared from sols containing 50 mol% aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)/50 mol% tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or 10 mol% APTES/90 mol% TEOS and 0.015 M selenoxide or telluride catalyst in the sol gave reduced settlement of cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite and larvae of the tubeworm Hydroides elegans in the presence of artificial seawater (ASW) and hydrogen peroxide (5-100 muM) relative to glass controls. Settlement of Ulva zoospores was lower on both the 50 mol% APTES/50 mol% TEOS and 10 mol% APTES/90 mol% TEOS xerogel formulations in comparison with glass controls with or without the added catalyst. The 5... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1881253 Mon, 13 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1881253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1881252&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18855197%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Akesso L, Pettitt ME, Callow JA, Callow ME, Stallard J, Teer D, Liu C, Wang S, Zhao Q, D'Souza F, Willemsen PR, Donnelly GT, Donik C, Kocijan A, Jenko M, Jones LA, Guinaldo PC SiO(x)-like coatings were deposited on glass slides from a hexamethylsiloxane precursor by plasma-assisted CVD (PACVD). Surface energies (23.1-45.7 mJ m(-1)) were correlated with the degree of surface oxidation and hydrocarbon contents. Tapping mode AFM revealed a range of surface topologies with Ra values 1.55-3.16 nm and RMS roughness 1.96-4.11 nm. Settlement of spores of the green alga Ulva was significantly less, and detachment under shear significantly more on the lowest surface energy coatings. Removal of young plants (sporelings) of Ulva under shear was positively correlated with reducing the surf... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1881252 Mon, 13 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1881252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1869155&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18846439%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sauer K, Thatcher E, Northey R, Gutierrez AA Bacteria growing in biofilms can become up to 1000-fold more resistant to antibiotics and biocides as compared to their planktonic counterparts. As a result of this increased resistance, biofilms and biofilm-related infections cannot be effectively treated with conventional antibiotic therapy. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of three neutral pH, super-oxidised solutions (nSOSs, OIS-80, OIS-125, OIS-200, Microcyn Technology) varying in oxychlorine concentration (80, 125 and 200 ppm) against P. aeruginosa grown planktonically and as biofilms. Exposure for 20 s of exponential phase cells to any of the three solutions was sufficient to reduce viability by more than five logs. However, only exposure for 10 min to OIS... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1869155 Wed, 08 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1869155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1869153&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18846458%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prendergast GS, Zurn CM, Bers AV, Head RM, Hansson LJ, Thomason JC Barnacle cypris larvae respond to many cues when selecting a settlement site. The settlement of over a million larvae on tiles of different textures, orientations and densities of incumbent settlers was measured on the rocky intertidal at Great Cumbrae, Scotland. Half of the tiles were replaced every tide whereas the others simultaneously accumulated settlers. Factor effects varied on each tide, and converged in the accumulating deployment. Increasing incumbent density led to net loss of settlement, which was less probable on the textures on which fastest settlment occurred ('very fine'), and more probable on those on which settlement was slowest ('smooth'). More settlement occurred on down-facing orientations ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1869153 Tue, 07 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1869153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1869154&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18846450%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haile T, Nakhla G The inhibition of the corrosive action of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans on concrete specimens coated by functionalised zeolite-A containing 14% zinc and 5% silver by weight was studied. Uncoated concrete specimens, epoxy-coated concrete specimens (EP), and functionalised zeolite-A coated concrete specimens with epoxy to zeolite weight ratios of 3:1 (Z1), 2:2 (Z2) and 1:3 (Z3) were studied. Specimens were characterised by x-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy for the identification of corrosion products and morphological changes. Biomass growth at the conclusion of the 32-day experiments was 4, 179 and 193 mg volatile suspended solids g(-1) sulphur for the uncoated, EP and Z1 specimens, whereas that of Z2 and Z3 were negligib... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1869154 Mon, 06 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1869154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1869152&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18846459%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jain A, Bhosle NB The conditioning film formed on glass panels was analysed for total carbohydrates (CFCHO), total proteins (CFP) and total uronic acids (CFURA). The influence of these compounds on the adhesion of three marine bacterial cultures, Pseudomonas sp. CE-2, Pseudomonas sp. CE-10 and Bacillus sp. SS-10 was also evaluated. One-way analysis of variance suggested a significant increase in the attachment of all three cultures to conditioned glass panels. Moreover, CE-2 (r = 0.874) and CE-10 (r = 0.879) showed a significant positive correlation with CFCHO. Conversely, SS-10 (r = -0.69) showed a significant negative correlation with CFCHO. Backward multiple linear regression analysis indicated that CFCHO were the most predictive component of the conditioning film in explai... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1869152 Mon, 06 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1869152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1744277&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18726746%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Conlan SL, Mutton RJ, Aldred N, Clare AS A computer-controlled force gauge designed to measure the adhesive strength of barnacles on test substrata is described. The instrument was evaluated with adult barnacles grown in situ on Silastic T2(R)-coated microscope slides and epoxy replicas adhered to the same substratum with synthetic adhesive. The force per unit area required to detach the barnacles (critical removal stress) using the new automated system was comparable to that obtained with ASTM D5618 (1994) (0.19 and 0.28 MPa compared with 0.18 and 0.27 MPa for two batches of barnacles). The automated method showed a faster rate of force development compared with the manual spring force gauge used for ASTM D5618 (1994). The new instrument was as accurate and precise at determi... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1744277 Sat, 30 Aug 2008 15:08:53 +0100 1744277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1710827&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18701989%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang JL, Satuito CG, Bao WY, Kitamura H Pediveliger larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis were subjected to a series of bioassays to investigate the induction of metamorphosis using neuroactive compounds, K(+), NH(4)(+) and organic solvents. Growth and survival of post-larvae obtained using ethanol and methanol were also observed. Epinephrine, phenylephrine, clonidine and metanephrine induced larval metamorphosis at 10(-6) to 10(-4) M in both 24-h and continuous exposure assays. In 24-h exposure assays, alpha-methyldopa at 5 x 10(-5) M and methoxyphenamine at 5 x 10(-5)-10(-4) M induced 55-94% metamorphosis. Similarly, excess K(+) at 3 x 10(-2) M induced 39% metamorphosis and NH(4)(+) at 1-5 x 10(-2) M induced 63-78% metamorphosis. The EC50s of seven organic solvents ranged from... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1710827 Sun, 17 Aug 2008 17:23:31 +0100 1710827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1702715&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18696290%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Statz AR, Park JP, Chongsiriwatana NP, Barron AE, Messersmith PB Surface modification techniques that create surfaces capable of killing adherent bacteria are promising solutions to infections associated with implantable medical devices. Antimicrobial (AM) peptoid oligomers (ampetoids) that were designed to mimic helical AM peptides were synthesised with a peptoid spacer chain to allow mobility and an adhesive peptide moiety for easy and robust immobilisation onto substrata. TiO(2) substrata were modified with the ampetoids and subsequently backfilled with an antifouling (AF) polypeptoid polymer in order to create polymer surface coatings composed of both AM (active) and AF (passive) peptoid functionalities. Confocal microscopy images showed that the membranes of adherent E. c... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1702715 Wed, 13 Aug 2008 18:21:09 +0100 1702715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1702714&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18696291%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prendergast GS, Zurn CM, Bers AV, Head RM, Hansson LJ, Thomason JC Many marine invertebrate larvae respond behaviourally to environmental settlement cues, yet behaviours are often only inferred from settlement patterns or are limited to laboratory studies. The behaviour of wild cypris larvae of Semibalanus balanoides L. was filmed on settlement tiles in the field. Tiles were of five different textures with a nested treatment of crude conspecific adult extract (AE). The effects of texture and AE on eleven defined behaviours were analysed. Texture affected the gross and net exploratory distances, velocity, acceleration and time spent exploring. AE attracted more cyprids during the first minute of immersion and increased the time spent on surfaces. Relatively few arrivals that ei... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1702714 Wed, 13 Aug 2008 18:21:09 +0100 1702714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1690168&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18686057%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wahl M The properties of the body surface play a crucial role in most interactions of marine organisms. Critical ecological properties such as drag, morphology, uptake and release of radiation and organic matter are linked to the body surface of an aquatic organism. The properties and functions of this interface may be modified substantially by the presence and activities of epibiotic communities. This, in turn, may lead to substantial modulation of the interactions between the organism bearing epiphytes and its environment, with consequences for the relative fitness of the host organism (basibiont) and its interactors, and ultimately, the structure and functioning of the assemblage. Epibiosis may act as an ecological lever via these indirect effects, greatly amplifying or buf... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1690168 Fri, 08 Aug 2008 18:24:21 +0100 1690168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1672495&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18668382%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Petrone L, Ragg NL, McQuillan AJ The adhesion of Perna canaliculus mussel larvae on a germanium (Ge) prism in filtered seawater at 16 degrees C has been investigated by in situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. The adhesive from the mussel larvae was spectrally monitored over 2 h and the IR spectrum showed its glycoproteinaceous nature with sulphated and carboxylated moieties. The adhesive from the mussel larvae differs from that of the adults, resembling the mucus secretion found in other benthic marine species at a larval stage. To date, this appears to be the first work describing the main chemical features of secreted adhesive associated with the primary settlement of mussel larvae. The acquired knowledge on the larval adhesive features may lead t... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1672495 Fri, 01 Aug 2008 18:19:42 +0100 1672495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1672494&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18668383%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mitbavkar S, Anil AC Seasonal variations in the fouling diatom community from a monsoon influenced tropical estuary were investigated. The community composition did not differ significantly between stainless steel and polystyrene substrata due to dominance by Navicula spp. The experimental evidence suggests that Amphora, which is a dominant fouling diatom in temperate waters, ultimately dominates the community in tropical regions when conditions are favourable. These observations reveal that a faster onset of macrofouling interferes with the microfouling community wherein the faster recruiters that have a higher abundance in ambient waters, dominate the community. Seasonal variations were observed in the fouling diatom community. Navicula delicatula dominated during the post-m... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1672494 Fri, 01 Aug 2008 18:19:42 +0100 1672494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1669383&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18665470%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Desai DV The effect of Irgarol 1051 on the biofilm-forming diatom, Amphora coffeaformis, and on natural biofilm (NBF) was assessed. A reduction in the number of A. coffeaformis cells within a biofilm was observed after treatment with Irgarol 1051, confirming its role as an inhibitor of photosynthetic activity. The impact of this compound on the development of nauplii of Balanus amphitrite was evaluated through its impact on Chaetoceros calcitrans, which was provided as food for the larvae. A reduction in the number of cells of C. calcitrans was observed when treated with Irgarol 1051. When larvae of B. amphitrite were reared using C. calcitrans in the presence of Irgarol 1051, their mortality increased with an increase in the concentration of Irgarol 1051 (13% at 1 microg l(-1... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1669383 Thu, 31 Jul 2008 20:41:35 +0100 1669383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1603728&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18612908%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moura A, da Fonseca LC, Curdia J, Carvalho S, Boaventura D, Cerqueira M, Leitao F, Santos MN, Monteiro CC In order to examine how substratum colonisation can affect community structure, a 1-year study was conducted at the Faro/Ancao artificial reef (Algarve, Portugal). In the study of hard substratum communities, motile species are usually neglected and only the conspicuous species are taken into account. Therefore, the development of vagile and sessile components of the epibiotic community were analysed separately. Differences between assemblages on horizontal surfaces, but not on vertical surfaces, were detected. Multivariate analysis detected differences in macrobenthic community structure either considering sessile or motile components. However, significant differences wer... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1603728 Thu, 10 Jul 2008 19:33:12 +0100 1603728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591168&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18058300%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rittschof D, Orihuela B, Stafslien S, Daniels J, Christianson D, Chisholm B, Holm E Standard approaches for measuring adhesion strength of fouling organisms use barnacles, tubeworms or oysters settled and grown in the field or laboratory, to a measurable size. These approaches suffer from the vagaries of larval supply, settlement behavior, predation, disturbance and environmental stress. Procedures for reattaching barnacles to experimental surfaces are reported. When procedures are followed, adhesion strength measurements on silicone substrata after 2 weeks are comparable to those obtained using standard methods. Hydrophilic surfaces require reattachment for 2-4 weeks. The adhesion strength of barnacles in reattachment assays was positively correlated to results obtained from ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591168 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591167&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18058451%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leroy C, Delbarre C, Ghillebaert F, Compere C, Combes D The antifouling potential of commercial hydrolases, four proteases, seven glycosidases and one lipase was evaluated on the adhesion of marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. D41. The experimental method, adapted to screen antifouling agents, was based on bacterial adhesion in natural sterile sea water in a microtiter plate and on total biomass quantification by the fluorescent dye DAPI (4[prime]6-diamidino-2-phenylindole). Savinase (subtilisin) was the most effective hydrolase in both the prevention of bacterial adhesion and the removal of adhered bacteria. However, some enzymatic preparations tested such as Amano protease were not only ineffective but also increased the number of adhered bacterial cells. Enumeration using epifluor... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591167 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591166&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18058452%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simões M, Simões LC, Pereira MO, Vieira MJ The effect of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms was investigated using flow cell reactors with stainless steel substrata, under turbulent (Re = 5200) and laminar (Re = 2000) flow. Steady-state biofilms were exposed to SDS in single doses (0.5, 1, 3 and 7 mM) and biofilm respiratory activity and mass measured at 0, 3, 7 and 12 h after the SDS application. The effect of SDS on biofilm mechanical stability was assessed using a rotating bioreactor. Whilst high concentrations (7 mM) of SDS promoted significant biofilm inactivation, it did not significantly reduce biofouling. Turbulent and laminar flow-generated biofilms had comparable susceptibility to SDS application. Followi... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591166 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591165&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18066729%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dafforn KA, Glasby TM, Johnston EL Maritime transport is a primary vector for many marine invaders. For the past two decades, most commercial vessels have used tributyltin (TBT) antifouling (AF) paint, whereas recreational vessels have been restricted to alternatives, most commonly containing copper. Settlement plates painted with a collar of copper or TBT AF paint, and unpainted control plates, were deployed in commercial and recreational embayments in Port Jackson, Australia, and sampled photographically after 5 and 10 months. Copper enhanced early recruitment of several non-indigenous species (NIS), whereas recruitment of indigenous species was typically reduced by copper. TBT limited the recruitment of NIS for just 5 months and indigenous species, for the entire study. The... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591165 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591164&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18066730%26dopt%3DAbstract This study reinforces the potential of using attachment points to develop surfaces with increased fouling resistance or, alternatively, surfaces which promote the attachment of selected target sizes of motile propagules or larvae. PMID: 18066730 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591164 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591163&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18092215%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Clare AS, Høeg JT In a recent revision of the Balanidae based on morphological systematics, the much studied fouling species Balanus amphitrite was renamed Amphibalanus amphitrite. Here, the case is made for retaining the former nomenclature. Taxonomists are urged to exercise caution before introducing new formal taxonomies, which should ideally be based on several independent lines of evidence. PMID: 18092215 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591163 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591162&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18092216%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lam C, Grage A, Schulz D, Schulte A, Harder T A variety of macroalgae (Ceramium rubrum, Corallina officinalis, Palmaria palmata, Mastocarpus stellatus, Fucus vesiculosus, Cladophora rupestris, Ulva sp.) were investigated by scanning electron microscopy to visualize epiphytic colonizers. The macroalgae differed in terms of their epiphytic coverage of bacteria, fungi and diatoms. Macroalgae, largely devoid of epiphytic diatoms, were hypothesized to employ effective antifouling means to reduce epiphytic coverage, whilst heavily fouled macroalgae were proposed to lack antifouling strategies. To test these hypotheses from an allelochemical perspective with regard to fouling diatoms, dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) crude extracts of macroalgae were concentrated in dimethylsulfoxide a... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591162 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591161&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18097790%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eashwar M, Nallathambi T, Kuberaraj K Settlement of microalgae was investigated on Perspex, aluminium and zinc coupons immersed in Port Blair Bay waters for over 3 months. Commencement of fouling was exceptionally slow, and few microalgae were found until 14 days. Settlement occurred thereafter, and 47 microalgal species contributed to the fouling. The dominant forms belonged to the genera Navicula and Nitzschia, whereas Coscinodiscus eccentricus, Gyrosigma balticum and Trichodesmium erythraeum also accounted for high proportions of the settlements. The dominance of Nitzschia sigma was particularly marked on zinc coupons, suggesting an ability by the organism to resist toxicity. Settlement of both centric and pennate diatoms was observed in the early and mid periods, and absol... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591161 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591160&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18167032%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eguía E, Trueba A, Río-Calonge B, Girón A, Amieva JJ, Bielva C Biofouling is one of the most important problems associated with heat exchangers, leading to a loss of thermal performance in their cycle. To maintain them in optimum working condition, biofouling must be kept under control and, to do so, instrumentation is required for its monitoring. The development of the biofouling layer can be qualitatively followed, but only during maintenance shutdown periods is it possible to attain a quantitative assessment. The CMDIMB [Combined Monitor for Direct and Indirect Measurement of Biofouling] was conceived as a means of discovering the evolution of the frictional resistance (f) and the heat transfer resistance (R(f)) of a fluid because these are variables that ind... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591160 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591159&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18176875%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Elbourne PD, Veater RA, Clare AS Gregariousness in marine invertebrate larvae is an important regulator of benthic community structure. Previous laboratory settlement assays employing Balanus amphitrite Darwin cyprids found gregarious effects with as few as 3 larvae well(-1), together with modulation of such effects by chemical cues. Here, the relationship between settlement rate and larval density was rigorously tested through a fully randomised design. Seawater conditioned with adult B.amphitrite was tested alongside unconditioned seawater to determine the effect of a conspecific cue on gregarious interactions. Gregarious effects were detected in both conditioned and unconditioned seawater at < or =4 larvae well(-1). In untreated seawater, settlement rate increased linear... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591159 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591158&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18231899%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the efficacy of a commercially available serine endopeptidase, Alcalase as an antifoulant is assessed and its mode of action on barnacle cypris larvae investigated. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) of barnacle cyprid adhesives during exposure to Alcalase supported the hypothesis that Alcalase reduces the effectiveness of the cyprid adhesives, rather than deterring the organisms from settling. Quantitative behavioural tracking of cyprids, using Ethovision 3.1, further supported this observation. Alcalase removed cyprid 'footprint' deposits from glass surfaces within 26 min, but cyprid permanent cement became resistant to attack by Alcalase within 15 h of expression, acquiring a crystalline appearance in its cured state. It is concluded that Alcalase has antifouling poten... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591158 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591157&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18247205%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramsay DB, Dickinson GH, Orihuela B, Rittschof D, Wahl KJ The mechanical properties of barnacle base plates were measured using a punch test apparatus, with the purpose of examining the effect that the base plate flexural rigidity may have on adhesion mechanics. Base plate compliance was measured for 43 Balanus amphitrite (=Amphibalanus amphitrite) barnacles. Compliance measurements were used to determine flexural rigidity (assuming a fixed-edge circular plate approximation) and composite modulus of the base plates. The barnacles were categorized by age and cement type (hard or gummy) for statistical analyses. Barnacles that were 'hard' (> or =70% of the base plate thin, rigid cement) and 'gummy' (>30% of the base plate covered in compliant, tacky cement) showed statisti... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591157 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591156&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18256965%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shenkar N, Zeldman Y, Loya Y Although ascidians are conspicuous members of the fouling community not much is known regarding their recruitment patterns in coral reefs. A 1-year study was carried out along the Red Sea coast of Israel to examine the effects of season and spatial distribution on ascidian recruitment to artificial marine structures. In general, autumn and spring were characterized by higher coverage with a significantly higher percentage of cover of Didemnum granulatum in autumn and higher numbers of Herdmania momus in spring. These species contributed the most to similarity between treatments consequently setting the pattern for each group (colonial and solitary). Halocynthia spinosa had significantly higher numbers during winter and Phallusia nigra was absent in... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591156 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591155&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18256966%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ceyhan N, Ozdemir G The extracellular polymers (EPS) of biofilm bacteria that can cause heat and mass transfer problems in cooling water towers in the petrochemical industry were investigated. In addition, these microorganisms were screened for their ability to grow and degrade their own EPS and the EPS of other species. Twelve bacteria producing the most EPS were isolated from cooling water towers and characterized biochemically by classic and commercial systems. These were species of Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Aeromonas, Pasteurella, Pantoea, Alcaligenes and Sphingomonas. EPS of these species were obtained by propan-2-ol precipitation and centrifugation from bacterial cultures in media enriched with glucose, sucrose or galactose. EPS yields were of 1.68-4.95 g l(-1). These E... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591155 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591154&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18274962%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Elersek T, Kosi G, Turk T, Pohleven F, Sepcic K Polymeric alkylpyridinium salts (poly-APS) isolated from the marine sponge Reniera sarai act as antifouling and anticholinesterase agents. They also show moderate haemolytic and cytotoxic activities against different cell lines. The haemolytic activity of poly-APS is due to their detergent-like structure and behaviour in aqueous solutions. In this work, the lytic activity of poly-APS against freshwater and marine algae, and inhibitory effects on wood decay fungi, were investigated. The results show that poly-APS inhibit the proliferation and movements of susceptible algae. Effects of poly-APS were time- and concentration-dependent and differed between various algal species. No growth inhibition effects were observed towards the e... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591154 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591153&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18327709%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Piola RF, Johnston EL Vessel hull fouling is a major vector for the translocation of nonindigenous species (NIS). Antifouling (AF) paints are the primary method for preventing the establishment and translocation of fouling species. However, factors such as paint age, condition and method of application can all reduce the effectiveness of these coatings. Areas of hull that escape AF treatment (through limited application or damage) constitute key areas that may be expected to receive high levels of fouling. The investigation focused on whether small-scale (mm(2) to cm(2)) areas of unprotected surface or experimental 'scrapes' provided sufficient area for the formation of fouling assemblages within otherwise undamaged AF surfaces. Recruitment of fouling taxa such as algae, spiro... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591153 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591152&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18330781%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu W, Faisal M Because of its aggressive growth and firm attachment to substrata, the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has caused severe economic and ecological problems since its invasion into North America. The nature and details of attachment of this nuisance mollusc remains largely unexplored. Byssus, a special glandular apparatus located at the root of the foot of the mussel produces threads and plates through which firm attachment of the mollusc to underwater objects takes place. In an attempt to better understand the adhesion mechanism of the zebra mussel, the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) assay was employed to produce a cDNA library with genes unique to the foot of the mussel. Analysis of the SSH cDNA library revealed the presence of 750 new expressed ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591152 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591151&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18348006%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jullien C, Benezech T, Gentil CL, Boulange-Petermann L, Dubois PE, Tissier JP, Traisnel M, Faille C The effect of repeated conditioning procedures (25 runs), consisting of soiling (milk and meat products) and cleaning steps, on the hygienic status, physico-chemical properties and surface chemical composition of stainless steel (SS) surfaces, was investigated. Five SSs differing in grade and finish were used. Both soiling and surface cleaning/conditioning procedures resulted in a similar increase in the surface contamination with carbon, while the changes in the basic component of the surface free energy depended on the conditioning procedure. The passive film was also affected, the Fe/Cr ratio in particular. The hygienic status was also changed, especially with milk as shown b... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591151 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591150&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18348007%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rittschof D, Bonaventura C, Wilker JJ, Van Dover CL The idea of using oxidative iron (Fe(6+)) to manage fouling and potentially invasive and pathogenic species in ballast water has merit and is attractive when viewed in the broadest context. Ferrate (Fe(6+)) has potential in ballast water management because it reduces a complex global problem to a single issue, viz.how to dispose of the waste which is predominantly Fe(3+). Waste iron disposal must be considered carefully because iron limits photosynthesis in oligotrophic oceans, alters physiological processes in bacteria and animals, produces reactive oxygen species, causes nitrosative stress and increased availability enhances the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. The case is made that the oxidative iron waste should be recyc... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591150 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591149&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18348008%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, results are presented from larval settlement assays of the barnacle Amphibalanus (= Balanus) amphitrite on planar, interdigitated electrodes (IDE), having 8 or 25 mum of inter-electrode spacing, upon the application of pulsed electric fields (PEF). Using pulses of 100 ms in duration, 200 Hz in frequency and 10 V in pulse amplitude, barnacle settlement below 5% was observed, while similar IDE surfaces without pulse application had an average of 40% settlement. The spacing between the electrodes did not affect cyprid settlement. Assays with lower PEF amplitudes did not show significant settlement inhibition. On the basis of the settlement assays, the calculated minimum energy requirement to inhibit barnacle settlement is 2.8 W h m(-2). PMID: 18348008 [PubMed - indexed for ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591149 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591148&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18368587%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Majumdar P, Lee E, Patel N, Ward K, Stafslien SJ, Daniels J, Chisholm BJ, Boudjouk P, Callow ME, Callow JA, Thompson SE Polysiloxane coatings containing chemically-bound ("tethered") quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) moieties were investigated for potential application as environmental-friendly coatings to control marine biofouling. A combinatorial/high-throughput approach was applied to the investigation to enable multiple variables to be probed simultaneously and efficiently. The variables investigated for the moisture-curable coatings included QAS composition, ie alkyl chain length, and concentration as well as silanol-terminated polysiloxane molecular weight. A total of 75 compositionally unique coatings were prepared and characterized using surface characterization technique... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591148 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591147&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18373284%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ortlepp S, Pedpradap S, Dobretsov S, Proksch P The antifouling (AF) activity of 2-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-5-methylphenoxy)- 6-methylbenozoic acid methyl ester (1), 3,5-dibromo-2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)phenol (2); 3,4,5-tribromo-2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)phenol (3), 3,4,5-tribromo-2-(2'-bromophenoxy)phenol (4), 3,5-dibromo-2(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)phenol (5), 3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-2-(2'-bromophenoxy)phenol (6); 4-phenoxyphenol (7), 4-phenoxyaniline (9), 1-chloro-4-phenoxybenzene (10); 1-bromo-4-phenoxybenzene (13) was investigated against marine bacteria, a diatom, barnacle larvae and mussel juveniles. The naturally occurring compound 2 showed the strongest AF activity in all bioassays but lacked toxicity. It inhibited the growth of all tested bacterial strains (MIC = 0.02 - 1.52 microM) ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591147 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591146&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18373291%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: da Gama BA, Santos RP, Pereira RC Epibiosis or fouling on living organisms can have direct and indirect detrimental effects, in particular on photosynthetic organisms such as seaweeds. It thus seems reasonable to hypothesize that macroalgae have been selected for the presence or induction of antifouling (AF) defences. The red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis is usually found in nature with an elevated cover of epibionts. To assess the effect of epibiosis on the susceptibility of this seaweed to herbivory and fouling, the abundance of fouling was evaluated and compared to herbivore consumption (by amphipods and sea urchins) of fouled (bryozoan and sponge) and non-fouled C. seminervis. Attachment of the mussel Perna perna to surfaces treated with extracts from seaweeds with and wi... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591146 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591145&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18386189%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the effects of a range of black, grey and white substrata on the growth and attachment strength of Ulva sporelings on glass and polydimethylsiloxane (Silastic-T2) surfaces. The rate of development of sporelings was strongly influenced by the colour of the substratum on which they grew. On black backgrounds, sporelings grew slowly and germination was delayed. Laboratory screening methods for antifouling and fouling-release coatings that rely on the growth of Ulva sporelings can be compromised if samples are of different colours. Hydrodynamic removal of sporelings from coatings may also be affected by substratum colour, since smaller plants generate lower hydrodynamic forces making them more difficult to remove. PMID: 18386189 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: B... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591145 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591144&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18392990%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Svendsen IE, Arnebrant T, Lindh L The salivary film, denoted the pellicle, formed on oral surfaces is of great importance for oral health and comfort. The present study describes mechanically-assisted sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) elution of the in vivo pellicle formed on human enamel and visualisation of the desorbed pellicle proteins using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). To verify this removal of the pellicle, a combined mechanical and surfactant procedure was additionally performed on an in vitro pellicle formed on human enamel, and the effectiveness was validated by mechanical removal in combination with HCl. As indicated by protein quantitation and one dimensional gel electrophoresis, rubbing with polyamide fibre pellets soaked in a 0.5% SDS solution was optim... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591144 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591143&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18392991%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the mechanical properties of biofilms formed at the surface of nano-filtration (NF) membranes from a drinking water plant were analysed. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observations revealed that the NF biofilms formed a dense and heterogeneous structure at the membrane surface, with a mean thickness of 32.5 +/- 17.7 mum. The biofilms were scraped from the membrane surface and analysed in rotation and oscillation experiments with a RheoStress 150 rotating disk rheometer. During rotation analyses, a viscosity decrease with speed of shearing characteristic of rheofluidification was observed (eta = 300 Pa s for ý = 0.3 s(-1)). In the oscillation analyses with a sweeping of frequency (1-100 Hz), elasticity (G') ranged from 3000 to 3500 Pa and viscosity (G'') from 800 to ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591143 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591142&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18409111%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Larsen P, Olesen BH, Nielsen PH, Nielsen JL The efficiency of removing unwanted biofilm from surfaces in industrial water systems was examined by fluorescence microscopy and image analysis. A quantitative assay for in situ determination of biofilm components was developed and tested on thin biofilms grown in reactors as well as real biofilms sampled from a fish processing factory. Different fluorescent dyes for in situ detection of protein, lipid and total organic matter were tested. It was possible to determine the approximate amounts, concentrations and coverage of the different components by correlating the fluorescent intensity of the biofilm components to standard solutions immobilised as a biofilm. The quantification methods were evaluated as a strategy for determining t... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591142 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591141&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18409112%26dopt%3DAbstract This study reports a screening study for antifouling (AF) activity of the natural compound agelasine D isolated from marine sponges of the genus Agelas and 20 synthesised analogs of agelasines and agelasimines. Agelasine D, together with two of the analogs, ie AV1003A and AKB695, displayed a strong inhibitory effect on settlement of Balanus improvisus cypris larvae. Agelasine D had an EC50 value of 0.11 microM while the two analogs AV1033A and AKB695 had EC50 values of 0.23 and 0.3 microM, respectively. None of these three compounds affected larval mortality as was the case with several of the analogs tested. Moreover, the effect of AV1033A and AKB695 was reversible. When cyprids after 24 h exposure to the compounds were transferred to fresh seawater, the settlement frequency compared with... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591141 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591140&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568665%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gopal J, Muraleedharan P, Sarvamangala H, George RP, Dayal RK, Tata BV, Khatak HS, Natarajan KA A 2-year long study was carried out to isolate and characterise various bacterial species present in the biofilm formed on titanium surfaces exposed to seawater and to assess the manganese oxidizing potential of the marine isolates. The amount of manganese present in the biofilm was also measured using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The results showed that titanium was susceptible to biofouling. More than 50% of the culturable marine bacterial isolates were capable of bringing about oxidation of Mn(II). All these manganese oxidizing bacteria were heterotrophic. Autotrophic manganese oxidizing bacteria such as Leptothrix was not isolated in the present study. The AAS results c... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591140 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591139&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568666%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jain A, Bhosle NB Pseudomonas sp CE-2 cells attach and form biofilms on 304-stainless steel (SS) coupons. A series of experiments were carried out in order to understand the role of exopolysaccharides (EPS) in the formation and maintenance of CE-2 biofilms on SS coupons. The biofilm density and EPS concentration increased over the period of incubation and the highest values for both were recorded after 72 h. Calcofluor and the lectin concanavalin A (Con A) showed a positive interaction with 72-h old biofilms, indicating the presence of beta 1-4 linked polymers, and alpha-d-glucose and alpha-d-mannose in the biofilm matrix of CE-2. When the CE-2 cells were grown in the presence of calcofluor (200 microg ml(-1)), biofilm formation was significantly reduced (approximately 85%). C... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591139 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591138&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568667%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reports on the preparation and partial characterisation of silicone-based coatings filled with low levels of either synthetic multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or natural sepiolite (NS). The antifouling and fouling-release properties of these coatings were explored through laboratory assays involving representative soft-fouling (Ulva) and hard-fouling (Balanus) organisms. The bulk mechanical properties of the coatings appeared unchanged by the addition of low amounts of filler, in contrast to the surface properties, which were modified on exposure to water. The release of Ulva sporelings (young plants) was improved by the addition of low amounts of both NS and MWCNTs. The most profound effect recorded was the significant reduction of adhesion strength of adult barnacles grow... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591138 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591137&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568668%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim J, Nyren-Erickson E, Stafslien S, Daniels J, Bahr J, Chisholm BJ Release mechanisms of barnacles (Amphibalanus amphitrite or Balanus amphitrite) reattached to platinum-cured silicone coatings were studied as a function of coating thickness (210-770 microm), elastic modulus (0.08-1.3 MPa), and shear rate (2-22 microm s(-1)). It was found that the shear stress of the reattached, live barnacles necessary to remove from the silicone coatings was controlled by the combined term (E/t)(0.5) of the elastic modulus (E) and thickness (t). As the ratio of the elastic modulus to coating thickness decreased, the barnacles were more readily removed from the silicone coatings, showing a similar release behavior to pseudobarnacles (epoxy glue). The barnacle mean shear stress ranged from 0... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591137 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591136&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568669%26dopt%3DAbstract This article presents a novel approach of defining a parameter vector based on the energy signature of multi-resolution analysis, which was applied to differentiating biofilm structures from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) biofilm images. The parameter vector distinguished differences in the spatial arrangements of synthetic images. For real CLSM images, this parameter vector detected subtle differences in biofilm structure for three sample cases: (1) two adjacent images of a CLSM stack; (2) two partial stacks from the same CLSM stack with equal numbers of images but spatially offset by one image; and (3) three complete CLSM stacks from different bacterial strains. It was also observed that filtering the noise in CLSM images enhanced the sensitivity of the differentiation using o... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591136 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591136 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591135&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18576180%26dopt%3DAbstract This study highlights the inadequacy of planktonic systems to mimic the behaviour of bacteria in biofilms and shows how the culturing system affects the action of antagonist metabolite molecules because dilution and consequent loss of activity occurred in continuously operating systems. Furthermore, the data demonstrate the biocontrol potential of P. fluorescens on the planktonic growth of B. cereus and the ability of the two species to coexist in a stratified biofilm structure. PMID: 18576180 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591135 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591134&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18589492%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, trapping of cyprids at the air-water interface was found to be a main contributor to the low attachment rate. Procedures to eliminate the air-water interface were thus introduced. With the improved bioassay, a much higher cyprid attachment rate (>70%) was attained. To further illustrate the usefulness of the improved assay (ie eliminating the air-water interface), the effects of the length of cyprid storage and the effect of a reference biocide, tributyltin chloride, on the survival and attachment rate of the cyprids were examined. The length of cyprid storage was important, with newly molted cyprids, 3- to 9-day old cyprids and 12-day old cyprids having an attachment rate of 43%,>75% and 36%, respectively. The low attachment rate in the newly molted cyprids was due to... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591134 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591133&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18589493%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen A, Kozak D, Battersby BJ, Trau M The use and advantage of flow cytometry as a particle-by-particle, low sampling volume, high-throughput screening technique for quantitatively examining the non-specific adsorption of proteins onto surfaces is presented. The adsorption of three proteins: bovine serum albumin (BSA), immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) and protein G, incubated at room temperature for 2 h onto organosilica particles modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of increasing MW (2000, 3400, 6000, 10,000 and 20,000 g mol(-1)) and grafted amounts (0.14-1.4 mg m(-2)) was investigated as a model system. Each protein exhibited Langmuir-like, high affinity monolayer limited adsorption on unmodified particles with the proteins reaching surface saturation at 1.8, 4.0 and 2.5 mg m... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591133 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591132&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18589494%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ederth T, Nygren P, Pettitt ME, Ostblom M, Du CX, Broo K, Callow ME, Callow J, Liedberg B Identification of settlement cues for marine fouling organisms opens up new strategies and methods for biofouling prevention, and enables the development of more effective antifouling materials. To this end, the settlement behaviour of zoospores of the green alga Ulva linza onto cationic oligopeptide self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has been investigated. The spores interact strongly with lysine- and arginine-rich SAMs, and their settlement appears to be stimulated by these surfaces. Of particular interest is an arginine-rich oligopeptide, which is effective in attracting spores to the surface, but in a way which leaves a large fraction of the settled spores attached to the surface in an ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591132 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591131&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18597201%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aldred N, Clare AS Over the last decade, approaches to the development of surfaces that perturb settlement and/or adhesion by barnacles have diversified substantially. Although, previously, coatings research focussed almost exclusively on biocidal technologies and low modulus, low surface-free-energy 'fouling-release' materials, novel strategies to control surface colonisation are now receiving significant attention. It is timely, therefore, to review the current 'state of knowledge' regarding fouling-resistant surface characteristics and their mechanisms of action against settling larvae of barnacles. The role of the barnacle in marine fouling is discussed here in the context of its life cycle and the behavioural ecology of its cypris larva. The temporary and permanent adhesi... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591131 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 20:17:06 +0100 1591131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591208&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17453724%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gillan DC, Pernet P The eubacterial communities adherent to sediment particles were studied in heavy metal contaminated coastal sediments. Six sampling sites on the Belgian continental plate and presenting various metal loads, granulometries, and organic matter content, were compared. The results indicated that the total microbial biomass (attached + free-living bacteria) was negatively correlated to HCl-extractable metal levels (p<0.05) and that the percentage of cells adherent to sediment particles was close to 100% in every site even in highly contaminated sediments. Consequently, it seems that heavy metal contamination does affect total bacterial biomass in marine sediments but that the ratio between attached and free living microorganisms is not affected. The compositi... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591208 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591207&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17453725%26dopt%3DAbstract Adhesion of façade coating colonisers, as mediated by physico-chemical properties. Biofouling. 2007;23(1-2):15-24 Authors: Barberousse H, Brayner R, Do Rego AM, Castaing JC, Beurdeley-Saudou P, Colombet JF The adhesion of Klebsormidium flaccidum, Stichococcus bacillaris and Chlorella cf. mirabilis, three strains of green microalgae isolated from biofilms on façade coatings were investigated in a parallel plate flow chamber. The model surfaces tested were glass slides, and -CH(3) (mediated by octadecyltrichlorosilane [OTS] and hexamethyldisilazane [HMDZ] modification) and -NH(2) (aminopropyltriethoxysilane [APS] modification) terminated self-assembled monolayers. Algal physicochemical properties were evaluated by the microbial adhesion to solvents (MATS) assay and by c... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591207 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591206&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17453726%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to develop a statistical model to predict the response of M. leucophaeata larvae to environmental conditions in estuarine ecosystems. Multiple logistic regression, taking into account temporal autocorrelation, was applied on a large dataset allowing the prediction of the probability of occurrence of M. leucophaeata larvae at BASF NV as a response to the environmental variables. The final model made it possible to predict larval presence in the water column solely by monitoring water temperature. The results from subsampling indicated that the model was stable. The model was tested with 2005 data, demonstrating a 98% precise prediction of the occurrence of M. leucophaeata larvae in the water column, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97%, even though autumn 200... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591206 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591205&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17453727%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stafslien S, Daniels J, Chisholm B, Christianson D The authors recently reported on the development of a novel multiwell plate screening method for the high-throughput assessment of bacterial biofilm retention on surfaces. Two series of biocide containing coatings were prepared to assess the ability of the developed assay to adequately discern differences in antifouling performance: i) a commercially available poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and silicone elastomer (DC) physically blended with an organic antifouling biocide Sea-Nine 211 (SN211) (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone), and ii) a silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-OH) reacted with an alkoxy silane-modified polyethylenimine containing bound ammonium salt groups (PEI-AmCl). Three marine bacteria we... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591205 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591204&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17453728%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stafslien S, Daniels J, Mayo B, Christianson D, Chisholm B, Ekin A, Webster D, Swain G A high-throughput bacterial biofilm retention screening method has been augmented to facilitate the rapid analysis and down-selection of fouling-release coatings for identification of promising candidates. Coatings were cast in modified 24-well tissue culture plates and inoculated with the marine bacterium Cytophaga lytica for attachment and biofilm growth. Biofilms retained after rinsing with deionised water were dried at ambient laboratory conditions. During the drying process, retained biofilms retracted through a surface de-wetting phenomenon on the hydrophobic silicone surfaces. The retracted biofilms were stained with crystal violet, imaged, and analysed for percentage coverage. Two se... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591204 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591203&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17453729%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schumacher JF, Carman ML, Estes TG, Feinberg AW, Wilson LH, Callow ME, Callow JA, Finlay JA, Brennan AB The effect of feature size, geometry, and roughness on the settlement of zoospores of the ship fouling alga Ulva was evaluated using engineered microtopographies in polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. The topographies studied were designed at a feature spacing of 2 microm and all significantly reduced spore settlement compared to a smooth surface. An indirect correlation between spore settlement and a newly described engineered roughness index (ERI) was identified. ERI is a dimensionless ratio based on Wenzel's roughness factor, depressed surface fraction, and the degree of freedom of spore movement. Uniform surfaces of either 2 mum diameter circular pillars (ERI=5.0) or 2 micro... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591203 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591202&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17453730%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karadenizli A, Kolayli F, Ergen K It has been proposed that the virulence of nosocomial Staphylococcus infections associated with indwelling medical devices is related to the ability of the bacterium to colonise these materials by forming a biofilm composed of multilayered cell clusters embedded in a slime matrix. However, the pathogenic role of exopolysaccharide biofilms is not fully understood. A new method was sought for differentiating the structure of slime from two closely related bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Using PCR it was confirmed that these strains were positive for the icaA and icaD genes and the complete ica operon (2.7 kb). Monosaccharide analysis by thin-layer chromatography revealed an identical profile for both stra... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591202 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591201&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17453731%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tanji Y, Nishihara T, Miyanaga K An isothiazolone biocide, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMI), was degraded in the presence of iron. According to the Fe-dependent degradation of CMI, stoichiometric production of chloride was observed. Copper and stainless steel did not enhance the physico-chemical degradation of CMI, whilst phosphate inhibited the Fe-dependent degradation. Neither aerobic nor anaerobic conditions influenced the Fe-dependent CMI degradation. Furthermore, FeO(OH)-powder and Fe(3)O(4)-powder did not lead to the physico-chemical degradation of CMI. Rapid disappearance of CMI was observed in an operating cooling water plant. CMI added to the cooling tower declined from 1.4 mg l(-1) to < 0.1 mg l(-1) in 2 d. This finding is important in optimising the u... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591201 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591200&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17453732%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the genera Actinobacillus, Branhamella, Bacillus, Micrococcus and Acinetobacter were isolated from biofilms formed on brass coupons exposed to a cooling water system. It was shown by the microtiter plate test that a mixed culture of the isolates and a single culture of Acinetobacter sp(2) produced high levels of biofilm formation. A microwell plate technique was applied for assessment of the ability of various biocides to remove and kill mixed-culture biofilm cells and Acinetobacter sp(2), the latter as a single-species biofilm with a high rate of biofilm production. The results showed that the mixed-culture biofilm cells had more resistance to removal and killing by some biocides, such as hydrogen peroxide and sulfathiazole, than the single-species biofilm cells (Acinetobac... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591200 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591199&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17453733%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Little B, Lee J, Ray R Two approaches to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) have been developed that do not require the use of biocides. These strategies include the following: i) use of biofilms to inhibit or prevent corrosion, and ii) manipulation (removal or addition) of an electron acceptor, (e.g. oxygen, sulphate or nitrate) to influence the microbial population. In both approaches the composition of the microbial community is affected by small perturbations in the environment (e.g. temperature, nutrient concentration and flow) and the response of microorganisms cannot be predicted with certainty. The following sections will review the literature on the effectiveness of these environmentally friendly, "green," strategies for controlling MIC. PMID: 17... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591199 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591198&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17453734%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mitbavkar S, Anil AC Diatoms constitute an important component of the fouling community. Although a lot of work has dealt with the fouling diatom community structure, work on the species interactions within the community is still meagre. In this regard, a study was carried out by transferring natural diatom biofilms into controlled conditions in order to understand the roles of nutrients, initial cell inoculum and seasonal variation in species composition in structuring the fouling diatom community. This community exhibited seasonal variation during the monsoon, post-monsoon and pre-monsoon periods. During each of these seasons, diatom species interactions varied depending upon the species composition. It was observed that excess nutrients favoured those species with comparati... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591198 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591197&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17453735%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim J, Chisholm BJ, Bahr J Interactions between coating thickness, modulus and shear rate on pseudobarnacle adhesion to a platinum-cured silicone coating were studied using a statistical experimental design. A combined design method was used for two mixture components and two process variables. The two mixture components, vinyl end-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes (V21: MW=6 kg mole(-1) and V35: MW=4 9.5 kg mole(-1), Gelest Inc.) were mixed at five different levels to vary the modulus. The dry coating thickness was varied from 160 - 740 microm and shear tests were performed at four different shear rates (2, 7, 12, and 22 microm s(-1)). The results of the statistical analysis showed that the mixture components were significant factors on shear stress, showing an interaction wit... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591197 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591196&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17453736%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cassé F, Stafslien SJ, Bahr JA, Daniels J, Finlay JA, Callow JA, Callow ME In order to facilitate a semi-high throughput approach to the evaluation of novel fouling-release coatings, a 'spinjet' apparatus has been constructed. The apparatus delivers a jet of water of controlled, variable pressure into the wells of 24-well plates in order to facilitate measurement of the strength of adhesion of algae growing on the base of the wells. Two algae, namely, sporelings (young plants) of the green macroalga Ulva and a diatom (Navicula), were selected as test organisms because of their opposing responses to silicone fouling-release coatings. The percentage removal of algal biofilm was positively correlated with the impact pressure for both organisms growing on all the coating type... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591196 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591195&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17453737%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, crude ethyl acetate extracts of 176 strains of deep-sea bacteria, isolated from sediments of the West Pacific Ocean, were screened for their antibacterial activity against four test bacterial strains isolated from marine biofilms. Of these, 28 deep-sea bacterial strains exhibited antibacterial activity against one or more of the bacteria tested. Active deep-sea bacterial strains belonged mainly to the genera of Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter and Halomonas. Additionally, antilarval activity of 56 deep-sea bacterial strains was screened using Balanus amphitrite larvae. Seven bacterial strains produced metabolites that had strong inhibitive effects on larval settlement. None of these metabolites showed significant toxicity. The crude extract of one deep-sea Streptomyces strain coul... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591195 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591194&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653925%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boyle JD, Lappin-Scott H The effect of flowrate and Reynolds Number, Re, on the spatial distribution of individual Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells during their initial attachment to glass flowcells was observed in a series of time-lapse images obtained over a 56-h period. It was shown that flow affected the distribution at Re > 245. Under laminar flow conditions, Re = 96, the distribution of bacterial cells in 200 sub-areas was accurately predicted by using the Poisson distribution and was not dependent on the orientation or shape of the sub-areas. Under turbulent flow conditions, Re = 2220, cells initially attached in streaks along the line of flow. As bacterial cells accumulated on the surface, the streaks broadened and the distribution became more uniform. Analyses showed t... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591194 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591193&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653926%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests that natural tannins could be employed as bioactive pigment for new antifouling technologies. PMID: 17653926 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591193 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591192&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653927%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pettengill JB, Wendt DE, Schug MD, Hadfield MG The polychaete tubeworm Hydroides elegans (Haswell) is a biofouling species with relatively limited larval dispersal. Four highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to make inferences about the migration and global population structure of 137 individuals from seven sub-populations located in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans and in the Mediterranean Sea. The results of the genetic analyses suggest minimal population sub-structure (F(st) = 0.09). Estimates of pairwise F(st) and migration rates using the coalescent-based method of MIGRATE suggest that there is little genetic differentiation between certain populations. Variation in relatedness among pairs of populations is consistent with a suite of local and global fa... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591192 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591191&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653928%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jain A, Nishad KK, Bhosle NB The effect of 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) on the extracelluar polysaccharides (EPS), cell surface charge, and the hydrophobicity of six marine bacterial cultures was studied, and its influence on attachment of these bacteria to glass and polystyrene was evaluated. DNP treatment did not influence cell surface charge and EPS production, but had a significant effect on hydrophobicity of both hydrophilic (p = 0.05) and hydrophobic (p = 0.01) cultures. Significant reduction in the attachment of all the six cultures to glass (p = 0.02) and polystyrene (p = 0.03) was observed after DNP treatment. Moreover, hydrophobicity but not the cell surface charge or EPS production influenced bacterial cell attachment to glass and polystyrene. From this study, it was ev... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591191 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591190&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653929%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Webster DC, Chisholm BJ, Stafslien SJ Combinatorial and high throughput experimental methods are being applied to the design and development of novel polymers and coatings used in a number of application areas. Methods have been developed for polymer synthesis and screening and for the development of polymer thin film and coating libraries and the screening of these libraries for key properties such as surface energy and modulus. Combinatorial and high throughput methods enable the efficient exploration of a large number of compositional variables over a wide range. In the development of coatings for use in the marine environment, the key challenge is in the development of screening methods that can predict good performance. A number of assays are under development that will p... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591190 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591189&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653930%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Brito LV, Coutinho R, Cavalcanti EH, Benchimol M Seawater is a complex corrosive system, and biofouling is one of the factors that influences corrosion processes. The behaviour of corrosion associated with the development of macrofouling was investigated during the first 6 months of the successional process. Three treatments were compared: the 'Control' treatment (absence of macrofouling); 'Community' treatment, and 'Barnacle' treatment, where other macroorganisms were excluded. In the Community treatment, the dominant organisms were filamentous macroalgae (23.73%), barnacles (17.51%), hydroids (16.96%) and encrusting bryozoans (9.58%). In the Barnacle treatment, the cover varied between 39.38% and 62.50%. The corrosion potential ranged from -665.75 to -517.50 mV(Ag/AgC l((... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591189 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591188&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653931%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a quantitative Taqman PCR assay (QPCR) was developed to compare the bacterial compositions of in vitro biofilms to parent saliva samples, and to determine the relative contributions of different species in the formation of the oral biofilm. In addition, the growth inhibition of saliva-derived plaque was evaluated by chlorhexidine. With this assay, which consisted of primer/probe sets targeting either 16S rDNA sequences present in public databases or cloned ribosomal intergenic spacer region (ISR) sequences, 15 oral bacteria derived from saliva as well as those that were responsible for biofilm formation in an in vitro plaque model were rapidly identified and quantified. Among the target organisms were Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium n... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591188 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591187&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653932%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Patil JS, Kimoto H, Kimoto T, Saino T In an effort to develop a tool for controlling biofouling of marine optical instruments, the efficiency of ultraviolet radiation (UVR - 254 nm) in preventing biofouling was evaluated by conducting in situ experiments at different intensities (14.7, 9.6, 7.3 Wm(-2)) and exposure times (continuous, on for 30, 15, 5, 1 min h(-1)) using glass as test coupons. Although there was significant seasonal variation in environmental conditions and phytoplankton composition among each experiment, the amount of biofilm relative to the internal control demonstrated consistent trends. The efficiency of UVR in preventing biofouling increased significantly with increase in intensity and exposure time. UVR was effective even in reducing the population of mic... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591187 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591186&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653933%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eguía E, Trueba A, Girón A, Río-Calonge B, Otero F, Bielva C Biofouling is one of the most serious problems facing numerous industrial processes. In the case of a heat exchanger unit, biological deposits adhering to the inside surface of its tubes reduce heat transfer and, thus, the thermal performance of the cycle. Control of this phenomenon is proving fundamental for both land and marine equipment to operate in optimum working conditions. Hence, it is necessary to apply antifouling methods capable of keeping surfaces free of any kind of biofouling. This paper reports on the behaviour resulting from use of the flow inversion method vs that obtained by using various chemical treatments. The study compares the effectiveness of certain chemical treatments (Na hypo... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591186 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591185&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653934%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the phenotypic characteristics of monoculture P. fluorescens biofilms grown under turbulent and laminar flow, using flow cells reactors with stainless steel substrata. The cellular physiology and the overall biofilm activity, structure and composition were characterized, and compared, within hydrodynamically distinct conditions. The results indicate that turbulent flow-generated biofilm cells were significantly less extensive, with decreased metabolic activity and a lower protein and polysaccharides composition per cell than those from laminar flow-generated biofilms. The effect of flow regime did not cause significantly different outer membrane protein expression. From the analysis of biofilm activity, structure and composition, turbulent flow-generated biofilms we... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591185 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591184&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653935%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramasamy MS, Murugan A The egg masses of the marine muricid gastropod molluscs Chicoreus virgineus, Chicoreus ramosus and Rapana rapiformis were studied for antifouling activities. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of crude extracts for the inhibition of byssal production and attachment of the brown mussel Perna indica were 650 mug ml(-1), 1150 mug ml(-1) and 925 mug ml(-1) from the three muricid gastropods, respectively. Higher LC(50) values than EC(50) values and 100% recovery of the mussels in the toxicity assay indicated the non-toxic nature of the extracts. The gradient partitioning of the egg mass extracts and subsequent antimicrofouling screening against 40 biofilm bacteria showed wide-spectrum antibacterial activity of the medium polar fraction from C. virgineus; t... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591184 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591183&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653936%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cassé F, Ribeiro E, Ekin A, Webster DC, Callow JA, Callow ME Coatings libraries achieved through a combinatorial chemistry approach, which may generate tens to hundreds of formulations, can be deposited in an array of 12 patches, each approximately 9 cm(2), on 10 x 20 cm primed aluminum panels. However, existing methods to quantify algal biomass on coatings are unsuitable for this type of array format. This paper describes an algorithm modelled on a probability distribution that quantifies the area of surface covered by a green alga from digital images. The method allows coatings with potential fouling-release properties to be down-selected for further evaluation. The use of the algorithm is illustrated by a set of eight siloxane-polyurethane coatings made using organofun... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591183 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591182&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653937%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Otani M, Oumi T, Uwai S, Hanyuda T, Prabowo RE, Yamaguchi T, Kawai H The occurrence and diversity of barnacles attached to the hulls of two intercontinental bulk carriers were studied at the port in Osaka Bay, Japan, to assess the potential risk of introduction of exotic species to the inner part of the bay. Barnacles were sampled from the bulbous bows, near the midship draft marks, and around the propeller posts and rudders. Twenty-two species were found, with 14 of these not previously recorded in Osaka Bay, including four species not previously recorded elsewhere in Japan. From an assessment of environmental similarity between Osaka Bay and native ranges, of the 14 species, Elminius modestus and Amphibalanus variegatus were considered to have the highest risk of introductio... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591182 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591181&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653938%26dopt%3DAbstract This study employed the immobilisation of the antifouling bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata in kappa-carrageenan to demonstrate how a surface may be protected from fouling by bacteria, i.e. a 'living paint'. Attempts so far to produce a 'living paint' have been limited in both longevity of effectiveness and demonstration of applicability, most noticeably regarding the lack of any field data. Here survival of bacteria immobilised in kappa-carrageenan for 12 months in the laboratory is demonstrated and evidence presented for inhibition of fouling for up to 7 weeks in the field (Sydney Harbour, NSW, Australia). PMID: 17653938 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591181 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591180&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17852065%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Angarano MB, McMahon RF, Hawkins DL, Schetz JA Macrofouling of aquatic man-made structures by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) poses significant economic burdens on commercial freshwater shipping and facilities utilising raw water. The negative environmental impact of some current antifouling technologies has limited their use and prompted investigation of non-organometallic and non-oxidising antifoulants as possible environment-friendly alternatives. The plant-derived natural product capsaicin and 18 other compounds with one or more capsaicin-like structural features were tested for their potential to inhibit zebra mussel byssal attachment at a single high concentration of 30 microM. Of these, three compounds displaying the highest levels of attachment inhibition where se... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591180 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591179&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17852066%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the effect of the aspect ratio (feature height/feature width) of topographical features engineered in polydimethylsiloxane, on the settlement of cyprids of Balanus amphitrite and zoospores of Ulva linza. The correlation of relative aspect ratios to antifouling efficacy was proven to be significant. An increase in aspect ratio resulted in an increase of fouling deterrence for both zoospores and cyprids. The spore density of Ulva was reduced 42% with each unit increase in aspect ratio of the Ulva-specific Sharklet AF topography. Similarly, the number of settled cyprids was reduced 45% with each unit increase in aspect ratio. The newly described barnacle-specific Sharklet AF topography (40 microm feature height, aspect ratio of 2) reduced cyprid settled by 97%. Techniq... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591179 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591178&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17852067%26dopt%3DAbstract Use of artificial substrata by introduced and cryptogenic marine species in Paranaguá Bay, southern Brazil. Biofouling. 2007;23(5-6):319-30 Authors: Neves CS, Rocha RM, Pitombo FB, Roper JJ Ports are important locations for the introduction of marine species, while marinas and pontoons often serve as secondary habitats for these species. In a marina near Paranaguá Port, a major international port in southern Brazil, the encrusting community was studied to (i) identify possibly introduced species, and (ii) examine the use of artificial substrata by these species. Samples (20 x 20 cm) were taken from fibreglass floats (boardwalks and boat hulls) and concrete columns. A total of 85 species were found of which 50 were classified into three categories: four introduced, 33 ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591178 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591177&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17852068%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schultz MP Predictions of full-scale ship resistance and powering are made for antifouling coating systems with a range of roughness and fouling conditions. The estimates are based on results from laboratory-scale drag measurements and boundary layer similarity law analysis. In the present work, predictions are made for a mid-sized naval surface combatant at cruising speed and near maximum speed. The results indicate that slime films can lead to significant increases in resistance and powering, and heavy calcareous fouling results in powering penalties up to 86% at cruising speed. The present estimates show good agreement with results from full-scale ship power trials. PMID: 17852068 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591177 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591176&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17852069%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beaumont JC, Brown CJ, Sayer MD A comparative study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of a number of techniques commonly used for assessing the structure of subtidal epifaunal communities. Assessments were made of the epifaunal assemblages fouling two substrata: concrete and PVC plastic. Where possible, each technique was undertaken in three ways, namely, in situ underwater, in the laboratory and using image analysis on photographs taken in situ. Comparisons were also made of biomass estimates made on samples taken in situ and in the laboratory. All method and technique combinations assessed detected differences in the epibiotic communities associated with the two fouling substrata. Sampling in situ, in the laboratory and using image analysis gave similar estimates of... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591176 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591175&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17852070%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koehl MR Flowing water delivers planktonic larvae to surfaces, but also dislodges them. This paper reviews experiments in the field and in laboratory flumes, as well as mathematical models, which have revealed how the interaction of ambient water motion with a developing fouling community affects larval settlement. Although mean current velocities across fouling communities in harbours are low, instantaneous velocities can be much higher due to turbulence and to the velocity oscillations of wind chop and ship wakes. As a fouling community develops, its topography becomes more complex and the range of flow microhabitats on the spatial scale of larvae increases. In spite of the prevalence of waves in shallow coastal habitats, and in spite of the importance to settlement of the f... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591175 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591174&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17852071%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Olsen SM, Pedersen LT, Laursen MH, Kiil S, Dam-Johansen K A systematic overview is presented of the literature that reports the antifouling (AF) protection of underwater structures via the action of enzymes. The overall aim of this review is to assess the state of the art of enzymatic AF technology, and to highlight the obstacles that have to be overcome for successful development of enzymatic AF coatings. The approaches described in the literature are divided into direct and indirect enzymatic AF, depending on the intended action of the enzymes. Direct antifouling is used when the enzymes themselves are active antifoulants. Indirect antifouling refers to the use of enzymes to release an active biocide with AF activity. For direct AF, several patents have been granted, and a c... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591174 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591173&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17882627%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Muthukumar N, Maruthamuthu S, Mohanan S, Palaniswamy N Microbial degradation of the oil soluble corrosion inhibitor (OSCI) Baker NC 351 contributed to a decrease in inhibitor efficiency. Corrosion inhibition efficiency was studied by the rotating cage and flow loop methods. The nature of the biodegradation of the corrosion inhibitor was also analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The influence of bacterial activity on the degradation of the corrosion inhibitor and its influence on corrosion of API 5LX were evaluated using a weight loss technique and impedance studies. Serratia marcescens ACE2 and Bacillus cereus ACE4 can degrade aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons present in the ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591173 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591172&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17882628%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guenther J, Walker-Smith G, Warén A, De Nys R Qualitative evidence suggests sea stars are free of fouling organisms; however the presence of fouling-resistant surfaces of sea stars has not previously been documented. Field surveys were conducted in northern Queensland, Australia, during the wet and dry seasons and several tropical sea star species were examined for surface-associated micro- and macro-organisms. Mean bacterial abundances on seven sea star species were approximately 10(4) to 10(5) cells cm(-2) during both seasons. There were no consistent trends in bacterial abundances with season, species and aboral positions on sea star arms. No common generalist fouling organisms, such as algae, barnacles, serpulid polychaetes, bryozoans and ascidians, were found on any ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591172 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591171&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17899470%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guenther J, De Nys R The role of surface topography as a defence against fouling in tropical sea stars was investigated. The sea stars Linckia laevigata, Fromia indica, Cryptasterina pentagona and Archaster typicus are not fouled and have paxillae (modified ossicles with a median vertical pillar) on their aboral surfaces, which varied in diameter, height and distance depending on species and position on the aboral surface, providing unique and complex surface microtopographies for each species. The surfaces of the sea stars L. laevigata, F. indica and A. typicus were moderately wettable, with their mean seawater contact angles, calculated from captive bubble measurements, being 60.1 degrees, 70.3 degrees and 57.3 degrees, respectively. The seawater contact angle of C. pentagon... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591171 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591170&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17934911%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study changes during the maturation of the pellicle of Salmonella Typhimurium were analysed and the role of cellulose in the pellicle structure and morphology evaluated. The morphology of both sides of the pellicle was characterised using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Overall, there was a marked difference in the morphology of the water-facing (WF) and air-facing (AF) biofilm surfaces. While the AF side appeared to be uniform, and extensively covered with an exocellular coating, cells in the WF side were distributed into clusters and were less covered. However, the similarity in size and shape of single cells from both sides of the pellicle may indicate that the bacterial cells across the pellicle have a similar physiological status. During maturation, p... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591170 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591169&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17934912%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Prijck K, Nelis H, Coenye T The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Elastoguard silver-releasing rubber in preventing Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation in water. Biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa under various conditions in an in vitro model system was compared for silver-releasing and conventional rubber. Under most conditions tested, the numbers of sessile cells attached to silver-releasing rubber were considerably lower with reference to conventional rubber, although the effect diminished with increasing volumes. The release of silver also resulted in a decrease in planktonic cells. By exposing both materials simultaneously to conditions for biofilm growth, it became obvious that the antibiofilm effect was due to a reduction in the number of ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591169 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1591169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591230&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17110357%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Genzer J, Efimenko K In this review, a brief synopsis of superhydrophobicity (i.e. extreme non-wettability) and its implications on marine fouling are presented. A short overview of wettability and recent experimental developments aimed at fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces by tailoring their chemical nature and physical appearance (i.e. substratum texture) are reviewed. The formation of responsive/"smart" surfaces, which adjust their physico-chemical properties to variations in some outside physical stimulus, including light, temperature, electric field, or solvent, is also described. Finally, implications of tailoring the surface chemistry, texture, and responsiveness of surfaces on the design of effective marine fouling coatings are considered and discussed. PMID: 17... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591230 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591230 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591229&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17178569%26dopt%3DAbstract Capsular polysaccharides secreted by building façade colonisers: characterisation and adsorption to surfaces. Biofouling. 2006;22(5-6):361-70 Authors: Barberousse H, Ruiz G, Gloaguen V, Lombardo RJ, Djediat C, Mascarell G, Castaing JC Exopolymers secreted by algal and cyanobacterial strains isolated from building façades were imaged by microscopy techniques. They were extracted and characterised to investigate their possible contribution to interactions with solid surfaces. The polymers were polysaccharides, with anionic and hydrophobic properties varying between the various strains. Capsular polysaccharides extracted from a strain of Klebsormidium flaccidum adsorbed in higher amounts on hydrophobic than on hydrophilic surfaces. These results tend to confirm the hypot... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591229 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591229 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591228&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17178570%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saravanan P, Nancharaiah YV, Venugopalan VP, Rao TS, Jayachandran S The distribution of a recently described marine bacterium, SBT 033 GenBank Accession No. AY723742), Pseudoalteromonas ruthenica, at the seawater intake point, outfall and mixing point of an atomic power plant is described, and its ability to form biofilm was investigated. The effectiveness of the antifouling biocide chlorine in the inactivation of planktonic as well as biofilm cells of P. ruthenica was studied in the laboratory. The results show that the planktonic cells were more readily inactivated than the cells enclosed in a biofilm matrix. Viable counting showed that P. ruthenica cells in biofilms were up to 10 times more resistant to chlorine than those in liquid suspension. Using confocal laser scanning... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591228 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591227&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17178571%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perez-Roa RE, Tompkins DT, Paulose M, Grimes CA, Anderson MA, Noguera DR This work describes the use of low-voltage (0.5 - 5 V) pulsed electric fields to prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development. Interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) with 29-mum spacing between 22-mum-wide electrodes, were used as a platform where the effect of localised, high-strength electric fields could be tested. Alternating current, square-wave pulses were applied to the IDEs in 1 sec intervals. A two-level, three-variable factorial design experiment was used to detect the effects of applied voltage, frequency, and pulse duty ratio (i.e. percentage of pulsing time over one cycle) on the inhibition of biofilm formation. The observations indicated that a pulse configuration of 1% duty ratio, 5 V, and ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591227 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591226&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17178572%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Statz A, Finlay J, Dalsin J, Callow M, Callow JA, Messersmith PB The marine antifouling and fouling-release performance of titanium surfaces coated with a bio-inspired polymer was investigated. The polymer consisted of methoxy-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) conjugated to the adhesive amino acid l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and was chosen based on its successful resistance to protein and mammalian cell fouling. Biofouling assays for the settlement and release of the diatom Navicula perminuta and settlement, growth and release of zoospores and sporelings (young plants) of the green alga Ulva linza were carried out. Results were compared to glass, a poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer (Silastic T2) and uncoated Ti. The mPEG-DOPA3 modified Ti surfaces exhibited a subs... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591226 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591226 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591225&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17178573%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Howell D, Behrends B Surface roughness (SR) can affect the hydrodynamic performance of antifouling (AF) coatings and influence the settlement behaviour of fouling larvae, which makes it an important parameter in the evaluation of novel coatings. This paper reviews the causes and consequences of SR in the shipping industry, the methodology used for measuring it, and the importance of measuring and reporting it correctly. SR is a parameter that originates from marine engineering, but has been used extensively by marine scientists to characterise novel coatings and to investigate microtopographies that might inhibit settlement behaviour. One of the integral components of the SR measurement is the use of a cutoff filter. This is a short-pass filter that lets the high wave-number c... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591225 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591224&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17178574%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meyer A, Baier R, Wood CD, Stein J, Truby K, Holm E, Montemarano J, Kavanagh C, Nedved B, Smith C, Swain G, Wiebe D Silicone coatings with critical surface tensions (CST) between 20 and 30 mN m-1 more easily release diverse types of biofouling than do materials of higher and lower CST. Oils added to these coatings selectively further diminish the attachment strengths of different marine fouling organisms, without significantly modifying the initial CST. In a search for the mechanisms of this improved biofouling resistance, the interfacial instabilities of four silicone coatings were characterised by comprehensive contact angle analyses, using up to 12 different diagnostic fluids selected to mimic the side chain chemistries of the common amino acids of bioadhesive proteins. The... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591224 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591223&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17178575%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Swain G, Herpe S, Ralston E, Tribou M Data from short-term biofouling assays are frequently used to evaluate the performance of antifouling (AF) coatings. There are a large number of factors, however, that may influence community development. One such factor is colour. The hypothesis was that differences in colour may impact the short-term development of a biofouling community and therefore bias the results. An experiment was designed to investigate the effect of black and white substrata on settlement of fouling organisms in the field. Both Ulva sp. and Spirorbis sp. had significantly higher settlement on black surfaces. This result emphasises the importance of considering colour and other factors when undertaking short-term testing of AF coatings. PMID: 17178575 [PubMed ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591223 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591222&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17178576%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brizzolara RA, Holm ER The solid surface tension of titanium was varied by using organosilane monolayers of various terminations, minimising differences in other material properties. Both the quantity of Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms grown on the modified surfaces, and the percentage of biofilm remaining after exposure to hydrodynamic shear stress, varied significantly as a function of solid surface tension. The quantity of biofilm was less on chloropropyl-terminated surfaces than on an alkyl-terminated surfaces. However, the percentage of biofilm remaining after exposure to hydrodynamic shear stress (which depends on the adhesion and cohesion strengths of the biofilm) was less for the alkyl-terminated surface than for the chloropropyl-terminated surface, for one of the two... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591222 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591221&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17290858%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluated the role of quorum sensing (QS) and environmental conditions on biofilm development of V. vulnificus. It was found that biofilm development by V. vulnificus was affected by nutrient and glucose concentration, but not by NaCl concentration or temperature under the conditions used here. Moreover, biofilm development of a QS mutant strain proceeded rapidly and sloughing occurred earlier than for the isogenic parent strain. There was a significant loss of viability for the QS mutant biofilm early in development. Hence, it is hypothesised that factors regulated by the QS system play a role in proper biofilm development and maintenance of V. vulnificus. Furthermore, it is shown that biofilm development varied among isolates. PMID: 17290858 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591221 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591220&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17290859%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kjellerup BV, Gudmonsson G, Sowers K, Nielsen PH Danish district heating systems have good water quality, but continue to suffer from biofouling and biocorrosion. Localisation analyses of bacteria using microautoradiography were performed for one system in order to obtain detailed information for solving these problems. A mass balance showed that 77% of the bacteria were located at surfaces, with 23% in the bulk water, and 9% of the total carbon originated from biomass, while 91% was dissolved in the bulk water. The presence of active bacteria was determined with microautoradiography which showed that biofilms contained 99% and 1% were in the bulk water. A high bacterial functional diversity was observed, with active mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria under aerobic and anaer... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591220 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591219&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17290860%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kobak J The effects of several factors (shell length, exposure time, substratum orientation in space, illumination, temperature, conspecifics) upon the attachment strength (measured with a digital dynamometer) of the freshwater, gregarious bivalve Dreissena polymorpha were studied under laboratory conditions. A rapid increase in attachment strength was observed on resocart (a thermosetting polymer based on phenol-formaldehyde resin, with paper as filler) substrata during the first 4-d exposure, after which it stabilised at ca 1 N. The attachment strength increased also with mussel size. Mussel adhesion on variously oriented surfaces (vertical, upper horizontal and lower horizontal) was similar. Illumination inhibited attachment strength, as expected for a photophobic species, ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591219 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591218&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17290861%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guenther J, De Nys R A field experiment documented the development of fouling communities on two shell regions, the lip and hinge, of the pearl oyster species Pinctada fucata, Pteria penguin and Pteria chinensis. Fouling communities on the three species were not distinct throughout the experiment. However, when each species was analysed separately, fouling communities on the lip and hinge of P. penguin and P. chinensis were significantly different during the whole sampling period and after 12 weeks, respectively, whereas no significant differences could be detected for P. fucata. There was no significant difference in total fouling cover between shell regions of P. fucata and P. chinensis after 16 weeks; however, the hinge of P. penguin was significantly more fouled than the l... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591218 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591217&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17290862%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cowie PR, Smith MJ, Hannah F, Cowling MJ, Hodgkeiss T Optically clear, surfactant loaded poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogels can be used to prevent fouling on optical windows of marine underwater sensors. To act successfully in this capacity, hydrogels need to prevent both microfouling and macrofouling. Panel trials were conducted using four different materials: unloaded hydrogels, hydrogels containing either benzalkonium chloride (BAC) or dicocodimethylammonium chloride (Arquad 2C-75) and PMMA coupons. Three panels were deployed at staggered intervals (2, 4 and 6 weeks) before the main settlement season of Semibalanus balanoides and Mytilus edulis in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. Panels were left for a total period of 10, 12 and 14 weeks respectively. Results... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591217 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591217 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591216&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17290863%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Santos R, Flammang P The variation in tenacity of single tube feet from three sea urchin species with contrasted habitats was assessed and correlated with the ultrastructure of their adhesive secretory granules. The tube feet of Arbacia lixula and Sphaerechinus granularis have larger discs and more complex adhesive granules than those of Paracentrotus lividus, but A. lixula attaches to glass with significantly lower tenacity (0.05-0.09 MPa) than the other two species (0.10-0.20 and 0.11 -0.29 MPa, respectively). However, the estimated maximal attachment force one tube foot can produce is similar for all three species investigated. No clear relationship between tube foot size, tenacity, adhesive secretory granule ultrastructure and species habitat can therefore be established. ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591216 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591215&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17290864%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li X, Dobretsov S, Xu Y, Xiao X, Hung OS, Qian PY Modern antifouling coatings use heavy metals and toxic organic molecules to prevent biofouling, the undesirable growth of marine organisms on man-made substrata. In an ongoing survey of deep-sea microorganisms aimed at finding low toxic antifouling metabolites, an actinomycete bacterium was isolated from the Pacific sediment at the depth of about 5000 m. The bacterium was closely related to Streptomyces fungicidicus (99% similarity) according to 16S ribosomal RNA sequence information. The spent culture medium of this bacterium inhibited barnacle larval attachment. Bioassay-guided fractionation was employed to isolate antifouling compounds. The ethyl acetate extract was fractionated by using an open silica gel column. Active fra... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591215 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591214&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17290865%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Svane I, Cheshire A, Barnett J A test of the antifouling properties of Wattyl NetClear was conducted on fish farms containing southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) during a 6-month period (February-July 2002). Wattyl NetClear is a water-based synthetic latex-based coating where the active antifouling agent is a mixture of two isothiazolinones likely to affect both biochemical conditioning and bacterial colonisation. The development of fouling was monitored using underwater stereo-photogrammetry on 3 treated and 3 untreated net cages with the main factors treatment, depth and cage nested within treatment. A significant treatment and depth effect was found but variable through time and in some instances with significant cage effects. By the end of the study, the difference in... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591214 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591213&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17290866%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Verween A, Vincx M, Degraer S For the first time, growth of Mytilopsis leucophaeata, an important European fouling species, was investigated. By means of growth cages, individual shell growth of three cohorts, with, respectively, initial shell lengths of < or =5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm, was monitored in the harbour of Antwerp, Belgium, during 2003 - 2004. M. leucophaeata followed an oscillatory growth pattern with a single summer growing period per year (May to August). Growth decreased during wintertime, but never ceased completely. M. leucophaeata has an average growth rate of < 3-6 mm year- 1. Temperature was found to be the main environmental factor affecting growth. The von Bertalanffy growth function was used to model growth of individuals < or =5 mm, resulting in L... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591213 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591212&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17290867%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Holm ER, Kavanagh CJ, Meyer AE, Wiebe D, Nedved BT, Wendt D, Smith CM, Hadfield MG, Swain G, Wood CD, Truby K, Stein J, Montemarano J The adhesion of six fouling organisms: the barnacle Balanus eburneus, the gastropod mollusc Crepidulafornicata, the bivalve molluscs Crassostrea virginica and Ostrea/Dendrostrea spp., and the serpulid tubeworms Hydroides dianthus and H. elegans, to 12 silicone fouling-release surfaces was examined. Removal stress (adhesion strength) varied among the fouling species and among the surfaces. Principal component analysis of the removal stress data revealed that the fouling species fell into two distinct groups, one comprising the bivalve molluscs and tubeworms, and the other the barnacle and the gastropod mollusc. None of the silicone materials gene... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591212 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591211&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17290868%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides the first direct experimental evidence in support of a putative 'tanning' mechanism in barnacle cyprid cement. PMID: 17290868 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Biofouling) Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591211 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591210&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17290869%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigates the chemical defence strategy of blue mussels for the first time. Six crude extracts of the periostracum of intact shells were made using solvents of increasing polarity. These extracts were tested against common fouling organisms in laboratory based bioassays. Non-polar and moderately polar fractions showed the highest activities: the diethyl ether fraction strongly inhibited attachment of Balanus amphitrite cyprids and the marine bacteria Cobetia marina and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus. Attachment of the benthic diatom Amphora coffeaeformis was significantly reduced by the dichloromethane extract, whereas both ethyl acetate and diethyl ether fractions slowed diatom growth. These results provide the first evidence of surface bound compounds that may moderate ... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591210 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1591209&cid=s_37592_67_f&fid=37592&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17290870%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shimotoyodome A, Kobayashi H, Nakamura J, Tokimitsu I, Hase T, Inoue T, Matsukubo T, Takaesu Y The aim of this study was to investigate materials which reduce saliva-promoted adhesion of Streptococcus mutans onto enamel surfaces, and their potential in preventing dental biofilm development. The effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) surface pretreatment with hydrophilic polysaccharides on saliva-promoted S. mutans adhesion in vitro and de novo dental biofilm deposition in vivo were examined. Saliva-promoted adhesion of S. mutans MT8148 was significantly reduced by pretreatment of the HA surface with tragacanth gum (TG) and yeast-derived phosphoglycans. Extracellular phosphomannan (PM) from Pichia capsulata NRRL Y-1842 and TG reduced biofilm development on lower incisors in plaque-susc... Biofouling journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1591209 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1591209