MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Bone' source. Sun, 05 Feb 2012 23:58:02 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599831&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211014098%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599831 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:18:42 +0100 5599831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599830&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211014086%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599830 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:18:42 +0100 5599830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599829&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211014074%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599829 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:18:42 +0100 5599829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599828&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211014037%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599828 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:18:42 +0100 5599828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546049&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013196%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In this paper we develop a lattice-based computational model focused on bone resorption by osteoclasts in a single cortical basic multicellular unit (BMU). Our model takes into account the interaction of osteoclasts with the bone matrix, the interaction of osteoclasts with each other, the generation of osteoclasts from a growing blood vessel, and the renewal of osteoclast nuclei by cell fusion. All these features are shown to strongly influence the geometrical properties of the developing resorption cavity including its size, shape and progression rate, and are also shown to influence the distribution, resorption pattern and trajectories of individual osteoclasts within the BMU. We demonstrate that for certain parameter combinations, resorption cavity shapes can be recovered from... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546049 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546048&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013457%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Purpose: To assess the ability of the Spanish version of the WHO fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®) to predict the observed incident fractures in the ECOSAP Study cohort.Methods: 5201 women, aged 65 or older, were enrolled in a three-year, prospective study by a non-randomized sampling of consecutive cases in 58 primary care centers in Spain. Participants completed an osteoporosis and fracture risk questionnaire and attended follow-up visits every 6months. All radiologically or surgically confirmed low-trauma, non-spinal fractures were collected. The individual 10-year absolute risks of hip and major osteoporotic fractures were calculated with the FRAX® algorithms for Spain without the inclusion of the bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. Calibration was evaluated by com... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546048 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546047&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013421%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we investigated the effects of KMP on TAZ regulated osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. KMP increased the osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal cells by facilitating the physical interaction between TAZ and RUNX2, thus the increasing transcriptional activities of RUNX2. KMP also enhanced the association of TAZ with PPARγ, thereby suppressing the gene transcription of PPARγ targets and resulting in diminished adipocyte differentiation. Interestingly, the regulatory effects of kaempferol on RUNX2 and PPARγ-mediated transcriptional activity were impaired in TAZ-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts but recovered by restoration of TAZ expression. Our results demonstrate that KMP fortifies TAZ activity, which enhances RUNX2-mediated osteoblast differentiation and suppress... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546047 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546046&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012944%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop quantitative computed-tomography (QCT)-based bone-strength indicators that highly correlate with finite-element (FE)-based strength. Transaxial QCT scans were obtained from 36 major, cadaveric, long bones (humerus, radius, femur and tibia) from 4 females and 2 males, 53 to 86years old. These images were used to construct the FE models and to develop the QCT-based bone strength indicators under every-day, simplified loading conditions.We have evaluated the performance of area-weighted (AW), density-weighted (DW) and modulus-weighted (MW) rigidity measures as well as popular strength indicators like section modulus (Z) and stress–strain index (SSI). We have also developed a novel strength metric, the centroid deviation, which analyzes the spat... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546046 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546045&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101341X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Strontium ranelate increases bone mass and is used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Its effects in metaphyseal bone repair are largely unknown. We inserted a stainless steel and a PMMA screw into each tibia of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were fed with ordinary feed (n=20) or with addition of strontium ranelate (800mg/kg/day; n=10). As a positive control, half of the animals on control feed received alendronate subcutaneously. The pullout force of the stainless steel screws was measured after 4 or 8 weeks, and µCT was used to assess bone formation around the PMMA screws. No significant effects of strontium treatment on pullout force were observed, but animals treated with bisphosphonate showed a doubled pullout force. Strontium improved the micro architecture of the ca... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546045 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546044&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013214%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report the case of a patient with an initially mild and then progressively severe form of osteogenesis imperfecta due to a novel homozygous splicing mutation in FKBP10 (intron 8 c.1399+1G>A), which results in aberrant mRNA processing and consequent lack of FKBP65 chaperone.Although this mutation does not affect collagen type I post translational modifications in dermal fibroblasts, the histomorphometric pattern of our patient's bone sample showed a mineralization defect possibly due to the mutation in FKBP10.Highlights: ► New FKBP10 mutation has been found. ► FKB10 mutation could cause OI with a mineralization defect. ► OI phenotype due to FKBP10 mutations is various but it seems to be progressive and the prognosis improves with biphosphonate treatment. ► Genetic heterogeneity h... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546044 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546043&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013408%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We examined placental PHLDA2 expression in 102 pregnancies. ► Identified negative correlation between placental PHLDA2 and fetal femur growth. ► Identified negative correlation between placental PHLDA2 and bone density at 4years. ► Placental PHLDA2 may provide a biomarker for suboptimal skeletal growth. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546043 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546043 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546042&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013433%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Bone is generally loaded under multiaxial conditions in vivo; as it invariably contains microcracks, this leads to complex mixed-mode stress-states involving combinations of tension, compression and shear. In previous work on the mixed-mode loading of human cortical bone (using an asymmetric bend test geometry), we found that the bone toughness was lower when loaded in far-field shear than in tension (opposite to the trend in most brittle materials), although only for the transverse orientation. This is a consequence of the competition between preferred mechanical vs. microstructural crack-path directions, the former dictated by the direction of the maximum mechanical “driving force” (which changes with the mode-mixity), and the latter by the “weakest” microstructural pat... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546042 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546041&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013391%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Treatment of early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) with autologous implantation of iliac crest bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, which contain tens of thousands of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), recently achieved a promising outcome.Methods: One hundred patients with early-stage ONFH were recruited and randomly assigned to BMMSC treatment or core decompression (CD) treatment. Each BMMSC-treated hip received femoral head (FH) implantation of 2×106 autologous subtrochanteric bone marrow-derived and ex vivo expanded BMMSCs. The radiographic stage of ONFH according to the Association Research Circulation Osseous classification, Harris hip score (HHS), and the volume of the necrotic lesion or the low signal intensity zone (LowSIZ) in the ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546041 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546040&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013251%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The effect of ibandronate 150mg/once monthly in the treatment of post-menopausal osteopenia and osteoporosis on bone micro-structure at the distal tibia and radius has not been considered to date. Seventy post-menopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia were recruited. All subjects received calcium and vitamin D supplementation and were randomized to either a group which took 150mg ibandronate oral monthly or a placebo group over a 12-month period. μCT measures of the distal tibia and radius were conducted every three months, with DXA lumbar spine and hip measurements conducted only pre and post and serum markers of bone formation and resorption measured every 6months. After 12-months no significant impact of ibandronate on the primary outcome measures bone-volume to tissue... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546040 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546039&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101338X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: After adjustment for hormonal measures and osteoporosis risk factors, higher concentrations of FSH were independently associated with lower lean mass, but not with BMD. Previously reported correlations between FSH and BMD might have been due to indirect associations via lean mass or weight.Highlights: ► Higher FSH levels were independently associated with lower lean mass but not BMD. ► Correlations between FSH and BMD might be confounded by lean mass or weight. ► Hormonal effects may be less important than weight-bearing effects on BMD. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546039 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546038&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013202%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report the ultrastructure of regenerated bone surrounding two types of biomaterials: hydroxyapatite–alginate composite and sintered hydroxyapatite. Critical defects in the calvaria of Wistar rats were filled with micrometer-sized spherical biomaterials and analyzed after 90 and 120days of implantation by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance microscopy, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy showed that hydroxyapatite of both biomaterials became more disordered after implantation in the rat calvaria, indicating that the biological environment induced modifications in biomaterials structure. We observed that the regenerated bone surrounding both biomaterials had a lamellar structure with type I collagen fibers alternat... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546038 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546037&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013378%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Ex vivo, at the distal tibial diaphysis, a novel index combining BMD and pMOI, which can be calculated directly from a single DXA measurement, predicted bone strength and stiffness better than either parameter alone and with an order of magnitude comparable to that of HR-pQCT. Whether this index is suitable for better prediction of fracture risk in vivo deserves further investigation. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546037 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546036&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013226%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: We studied 265 men (mean age 56.4years; range 18–83years), among patients enrolled in two arms of a double-blind, 1-year study comparing the effects of zoledronic acid (ZOL) with risedronate (RIS) in patients either commencing (prednisolone 7.5mg/day or equivalent) (prevention arm, n=88) or continuing glucocorticoid therapy (treatment arm, n=177).Methods: Patients received either a single ZOL 5mg infusion or RIS 5mg oral daily at randomization, along with calcium (1000mg) and vitamin D (400–1200IU). Primary endpoint: difference in percentage change from baseline in bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (LS) at 12months. Secondary endpoints: percentage changes in BMD at total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN), relative changes in bone turnover markers (β-CTx... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546036 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546035&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013366%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) may alter bone remodeling, as osteopenia and osteoporosis are among the complications. Moreover, DM increases the risk and severity of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease, in which bone resorption occurs. Broad evidence suggests that chronic inflammation can contribute to the development of DM and its complications. Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of DM that may contribute to sustained inflammation by increasing proinflammatory cytokines, which are known to cause insulin resistance, via toll-like receptor (TLR)-4-mediated mechanisms. However, the mechanisms by which bone-related complications develop in DM are still unknown. Studies done on the effect of high glucose concentrations on osteoblast functions are contradictory because some suggest increases (a... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546035 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546034&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013354%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Odontoblast synthesis of dentin proceeds through discrete but overlapping phases characterized by formation of a patterned organic matrix followed by remodelling and active mineralization. Microbial invasion of dentin in caries triggers an adaptive response by odontoblasts, culminating in formation of a structurally altered reactionary dentin, marked by biochemical and architectonic modifications including diminished tubularity. Scanning electron microscopy of the collagen framework in reactionary dentin revealed a radically modified yet highly organized meshwork as indicated by fractal and lacunarity analyses. Immuno-gold labelling demonstrated increased density and regular spatial distribution of dentin sialoprotein (DSP) in reactionary dentin. DSP contributes putative hydroxya... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546034 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546033&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013275%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The variation of skeletal maturity about chronological age is a sensitive indicator of population health. Age appropriate or advanced skeletal maturity is a reflection of adequate environmental and social conditions, whereas delayed maturation suggests inadequate conditions for optimal development. There remains a paucity of data, however, to indicate which specific biological and environmental factors are associated with advancement or delay in skeletal maturity. The present study utilises longitudinal data from the South African Birth to Twenty (Bt20) study to indentify predictors of relative skeletal maturity (RSM) in early adolescence.A total of 244 black South African children (n=131 male) were included in this analysis. Skeletal maturity at age 9/10years was assessed using ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546033 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546032&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013342%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The use of combined antiretroviral agents during pregnancy is important to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antiretroviral treatment (ARV) is associated with reduced bone mass and altered bone metabolism in HIV-infected patients. There are no data regarding the effect of ARV exposure during pregnancy on newborns and infants. We therefore studied 38 subjects born from HIV-infected mothers, and we measured the speed-of-sound (SOS) at the tibia by quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) just after birth. QUS measurements at mid-tibia is easily performed in infants with the appropriate probe. Nevertheless, at this skeletal site only cortical bone is present, and therefore QUS measurements reflect the status of only one kind of bone tissue. We als... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546032 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546031&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101324X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, porosity is related to diet and physiological effort in deer.Highlights: ► Porosity is related to diet and physiological effort in deer. ► Porosity increases in the antler growth axis more in deer under poorer diet. ► K and Zn explained material mechanical properties better than porosity. ► Zn is located in incomplete osteons and complete ones still mineralizing. ► K and Zn in bone may be an early indicator of decrease in mechanical properties. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546031 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546030&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013172%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Although the bone anabolic properties of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) have long been employed in the treatment of osteoporosis, the molecular mechanisms behind this action remain largely unknown. Previous studies showed that PTH increases the expression and the activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in osteoblasts, and activation of ERK1/2 by PTH in osteoblasts was demonstrated to induce the proteolytical release of EGFR ligands and EGFR transactivation. However, conclusive evidence for an important role of the EGFR system in mediating the anabolic actions of intermittent PTH on bone in vivo is lacking. Here, we evaluated the effects of intermittent PTH on bone in Waved-5 (Wa5) mice which carry an antimorphic Egfr allele whose product acts as a dominant neg... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546030 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546029&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013263%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Although extensive studies have done much to clarify the molecular mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis during the last ten years, there may still be unknown molecules associated with osteoclast differentiation. Thus, we used fluorescent differential display to screen for genes whose expression is induced by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), a crucial molecule for osteoclast formation. We identified caveolin-1 (Cav-1) as a RANKL-induced gene. Cav-1 is a major structural protein of caveolae and lipid rafts, cholesterol-enriched microdomains in the plasma membrane (PM). The RANKL-induced Cav-1 was immediately conveyed to lipid rafts. Conversely, expression of flotillin-1 (Flot-1), another scaffolding protein of lipid rafts, was reduced during osteoclastogenesis, indicating c... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546029 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546029 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546028&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012890%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study has shown differences in biochemical and dietary profiles between Gambian children with a history of rickets-like bone deformities and children from the local community. This study provided evidence in support of the calcium deficiency hypothesis leading to urinary phosphate wasting and rickets and identified glomerular filtration rate and iron status as possible modulators of FGF23 metabolic pathways.Highlights: ► Low dietary calcium and eGFR in Gambian children with a history of rickets. ► High FGF23 and urinary phosphate loss in Gambian children with a history of rickets. ► Supports the calcium deficiency hypothesis as the aetiology of Gambian rickets. ► Iron status may be involved in FGF23 metabolic pathways. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546028 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546027&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013238%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Sclerostin, the Wnt signaling antagonist encoded by the Sost gene, is secreted by osteocytes and inhibits bone formation by osteoblasts. Mechanical stimulation reduces sclerostin expression, suggesting that osteocytes might coordinate the osteogenic response to mechanical force by locally unleashing Wnt signaling. To investigate whether sclerostin downregulation is a pre-requisite for load-induced bone formation, we conducted experiments in transgenic mice (TG) engineered to maintain high levels of SOST expression during mechanical loading. This was accomplished by introducing a human SOST transgene driven by the 8kb fragment of the DMP1 promoter that also provided osteocyte specificity of the transgene. Right ulnae were subjected to in vivo cyclic axial loading at equivalent str... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546027 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546026&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013184%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, XperCT does provide a resolution that is good enough to determine trabecular architecture, but the signal to noise ratio is key to the accuracy of the morphology measurement. When the trabeculae are thick e.g. in the femur or the noise is low, e.g. cervical spine, architecture and stiffness could be determined accurately, but when the trabeculae are thin and the noise is high, e.g. thoracic spine, architecture could not be determined accurately and the connectivity was lost and hence no mechanical properties could be calculated directly.Highlights: ► Image resolution of the XperCT system is sufficient to accurately quantify several trabecular bone morphological parameters. ► XperCT image quality is sufficient to quantify trabecular structure and stiffness of relevant bon... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546026 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546025&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012968%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth factors that initiate differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to osteoblasts and adipocytes, yet the mechanism that decides which lineage the cell will follow is unknown. BMP2 is linked to the development of osteoporosis and variants of BMP2 gene have been reported to increase the development of osteoporosis. Intracellular signaling is transduced by BMP receptors (BMPRs) of type I and type II that are serine/threonine kinase receptors. The BMP type I a receptor (BMPRIa) is linked to osteogenesis and bone mineral density (BMD). BMPRs are localized to caveolae enriched with Caveolin1 alpha/beta and Caveolin beta isoforms to facilitate signaling. BMP2 binding to caveolae was recently found to be crucial for the initiation of the Sma... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546025 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546024&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012932%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study we examined the effects of hibernation on bone structural, mineral, and mechanical properties in yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris). This was done by comparing cortical bone properties in femurs and trabecular bone properties in tibias from marmots killed before hibernation (fall) and after hibernation (spring). Age data were not available for this study; however, based on femur length the post-hibernation marmots were larger than the pre-hibernation marmots. Thus, cross-sectional properties were normalized by allometric functions of bone length for comparisons between pre- and post-hibernation. Cortical thickness and normalized cortical area were higher in post-hibernation samples; no other normalized cross-sectional properties were different. No cortical bone mic... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546024 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546023&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012920%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the common histological form of primary bone cancer and one of the leading aggressive cancers in children under age fifteen. Although several genetic predisposing conditions have been associated with OS the understanding of its molecular etiology is limited. Here, we show that microRNAs (miRNAs) at the chr.14q32 locus are significantly downregulated in osteosarcoma compared to normal bone tissues. Bioinformatic predictions identified that a subset of 14q32 miRNAs (miR-382, miR-369-3p, miR-544 and miR-134) could potentially target cMYC transcript. The physical interaction between these 14q32 miRNAs and cMYC was validated using reporter assays. Further, restoring expression of these four 14q32 miRNAs decreased cMYC levels and induced apoptosis in Saos2 cells. W... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546023 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546022&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012816%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: To gain insight into the clinical effect of teriparatide and alendronate on the hip, we performed non-linear finite element analysis of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans from 48 women who had participated in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing the effects of 18-month treatment of teriparatide 20μg/d or alendronate 10mg/d. The QCT scans, obtained at baseline, 6, and 18months, were analyzed for volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) of trabecular bone, the peripheral bone (defined as all the cortical bone plus any endosteal trabecular bone within 3mm of the periosteal surface), and the integral bone (both trabecular and peripheral), and for overall femoral strength in response to a simulated sideways fall. At 18months, we found in the women treated with t... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546022 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546021&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012981%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: In the Fracture Prevention Trial, the risk reduction for nonvertebral fracture in patients treated with teriparatide versus placebo depended on the set of nonvertebral fractures included in the analysis; lower RRs were observed for nonvertebral fractures most likely to be of osteoporotic origin. No significant reductions in traumatic nonvertebral fractures were observed.Highlights: ► Nonvertebral fracture risk reduction with teriparatide depended on the set of fractures included in the analysis. ► Lower RRs were observed for nonvertebral fractures most likely to be of osteoporotic origin. ► No significant reductions in traumatic nonvertebral fractures were observed. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546021 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546020&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012749%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the body mass, BMI values, and bone markers suppression observed in female patients with AN might be associated with an increase in OPG and sRANKL levels and a significant decrease of the OPG/sRANKL ratio. Although higher OPG levels may compensate for excessive bone resorption in female patients with AN, the lower OPG/sRANKL ratio seems to indicate that some inadequacies exist regarding this compensation effect, which might contribute to low bone density in these patients. The OPG/sRANKL ratio might prove a more relevant marker to predict bone metabolism in female patients with AN than sRANKL and/or OPG alone. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546020 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546019&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101297X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We examined the changes of femoral and trabecular bone morphologies after treatment. ► All mice showed powerful anti-osteoporosis effects in all parameters. ► No skin irritation was occurred in all groups of ovariectomized mouse after administration of risedronate. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546019 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546018&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012841%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Previous data have shown gender-related differences in the skeletal effects of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) in rats. To test the hypothesis that the gender-related skeletal effects of CsA are caused by gender-specific metabolism of this drug, we treated aged male and female sham-operated, gonadectomized (GX) as well as sex hormone-supplemented GX rats with 5mg/kg CsA three times per week for 2months, and analyzed the bone phenotype as well as the concentrations of CsA and its major metabolites AM1, AM1c, AM9, and AM4N in blood, urine, and liver tissue. CsA treatment induced high turnover osteopenia in males, but not females. Male rats showed several-fold higher CsA and CsA metabolite blood levels compared with females. Renal clearance data revealed that CsA unde... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546018 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546017&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012737%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: 18F labeled sodium fluoride is a positron-emitting, bone seeking agent with more favorable skeletal kinetics than conventional phosphate and diphosphonate compounds. With the expanding clinical usage of PET/CT, there is renewed interest in using 18F-fluoride PET/CT for imaging bone diseases. Growing evidence indicates that 18F fluoride PET/CT offers increased sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy in evaluating metastatic bone disease compared to 99mTc based bone scintigraphy. National Oncologic PET Registry (NOPR) has expanded coverage for 18F sodium fluoride PET scans since February 2011 for the evaluation of osseous metastatic disease. In this article, we reviewed the pharmacological characteristics of sodium fluoride, as well as the clinical utility of PET/CT using... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546017 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546016&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012919%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, 56 rabbits received bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) (40 rabbits) or sham operation (16 rabbits). Three months later, 8 animals from each group were sacrificed for bone mineral density (BMD) examination. Then the remaining animals underwent bilateral autologous iliac bone grafting with simultaneous implantation of titanium implants in tibiae and were divided into 5 groups (n=8): Sham, OVX, Loc-ZOL (local treatment), Sys-ZOL (systemic treatment) and Loc+Sys-ZOL (local plus systemic) group. At 3months after implantation, all animals were sacrificed and specimens were harvested for examinations. Both BMD and histological examinations of femurs showed osteoporotic changes after ovariectomy, while systemic treatment with ZOL restored mineralized bone. Micro-CT examination demonstrated... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546016 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546015&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012828%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study we present inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of a qualitative image quality grading score and report the prevalence of repeat acquisitions in our population. Finally the errors in bone density and micro-architectural parameters estimated from repeat acquisitions with and without motion degradation are presented. The relationship between these errors and the image quality grade is evaluated for each parameter. Repeat acquisitions performed due to operator-observed motion in the reconstructed image occurred for 22.7% of the exams (29.7% radius, 15.7% tibia). Of this subset, 88 exams with repeat acquisitions had at least one acquisition graded 1 (best quality). In this subset, the percent differences in bone density and micro-architecture measures tended to increase as t... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546015 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546014&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012725%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Osteocyte apoptosis precedes osteoclast resorption, and may act as a critical signal to trigger bone remodeling. While osteoclast precursors are known to travel via the circulation, the specific mechanisms by which they accumulate at remodeling sites are unclear. We hypothesized that osteocyte apoptosis mediates osteoclast precursor adhesion to vascular endothelium by regulating osteocytic secretion of IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) to promote endothelial ICAM-1 expression. We found that conditioned media from TNF-α-induced apoptotic MLO-Y4 osteocytes promoted RAW264.7 osteoclast precursor adhesion onto D4T endothelial cells (P (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546014 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546013&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012531%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study represents a step towards considering human gene therapy for bone cancer by demonstrating successful transduction of human OcP for use as cellular delivery vehicles to sites of bone cancer. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546013 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546012&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012750%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus does not result in abnormalities in bone histomorphometric or micro-CT variables in the absence of manifest complications from the diabetes. However, diabetics suffering fractures may have defects in their skeletal microarchitecture that may underlie the presence of excess skeletal fragility.Highlights: ► We report a case–control study comparing bone histomorphometric and micro-CT results from iliac biopsies in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. ► There were no significant differences between diabetics and controls in histomorphometric or micro-CT measurements. ► However, fracturing diabetics had structural and dynamic trends different from nonfracturing diabetics by both methods of analysis. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546012 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546011&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012518%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Purpose: To assess the gender and age-related 5-year incidence rates of osteoporotic fractures, and their related predictors, in a primary care setting.Methods: We obtained information from the Health Search–CSD Longitudinal Patients Database (HSD). This is an Italian General Practice data repository which comprises information given by computer-based patient records of a selected group of over 900 Primary Care Physicians (PCPs).We selected all patients aged 50 to 85years, who were actively included into the PCP's list at the beginning of the enrolment period (1st January 2002–31st December 2003). We excluded individuals who were registered in the PCPs' list for less than 1year before the entry date (Index date) into the cohort, as well as those who were diagnosed with Paget ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546011 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546010&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012014%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we used a hydrostatic compression system to examine Ihh signal transduction under the influence of mechanical load. Our results demonstrate that hydrostatic compression increased both Ihh gene expression and Ihh-responsive Gli-luciferase activity. These increases were aborted by disrupting the primary cilia structure with chloral hydrate.These results suggest that growth plate chondrocytes respond to hydrostatic loading by increasing Ihh signaling, and that the primary cilium is required for this mechano-biological signal transduction to occur.Highlights: ► A hydrostatic compression system was used to examine Ihh signal transduction under the influence of mechanical load. ► Hydrostatic compression increased both Ihh gene expression and Ihh-responsive Gli-luciferase activ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546010 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546009&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101252X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Maxillofacial dysmorphogenesis is found in 5% of the population. To begin to understand the mechanisms required for maxillofacial morphogenesis, we employed the inhibitors of the differentiation 2 (Id2) knock-out mouse model, in which Id proteins, members of the regulator of basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors, modulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation.We now report that spatially-restricted growth defects are localized at the skull base of Id2 KO mice. Curiously, at birth, neither the mutant Id2 KO nor wild-type (WT) mice differed, based upon cephalometric and histological analyses of cranial base synchondroses. In postnatal week 2, a narrower hypertrophic zone and an inhibited proliferative zone in presphenoid synchondrosis (PSS) and spheno... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546009 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546008&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012476%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study we analyzed the trabecular bone micro-architecture in the inferomedial and superolateral subregions of the femoral neck in a group with hip fractures and a control group of elderly women, with aim to clarify the micro-structural basis of bone fragility.Proximal femora from 29 Caucasian female cadavers were collected at Institute of Forensic Medicine in Belgrade (15 women with hip fracture: age 79.5±8.5yrs.; and 14 women without hip fractures: age 74.1±9.3yrs.). The femoral neck section was scanned in dry conditions using a micro-computed tomography (Scanco μCT 40), at 70kV, 114μA, 300ms integration time, 36μm resolution, isotropic, 1024×1024pixels per slice, automatically evaluating trabecular micro-architecture using the built-in program of the micro-CT with direct 3D ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546008 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546007&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012373%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: During endochondral ossification, the cartilage is surrounded by a layer of cells that constitute the perichondrium. Communication between osteoblasts in the perichondrium via N-cadherin adherens junctions is essential for endochondral bone growth. We observed that adherens junction molecule N-cadherin and its interacting partners p120, β-catenin and PTEN are expressed by cells present in the perichondrium. To study if N-cadherin mediated adherens junctions play a role in mediating signal transduction events during bone development, we utilized MC3T3E1 preosteoblasts plated at sub confluent (low) and confluent (high) densities to mimic adherens junction formation. When MC3T3E1 cells were plated at high density we observed an increase in phosphorylation of AKTSer473 and its downs... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546007 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546006&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012397%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: CSF-1, a key regulator of mononuclear phagocyte production, is highly expressed in the skeleton by osteoblasts/osteocytes and in a number of nonskeletal tissues such as uterus, kidney and brain. The spontaneous mutant op/op mouse has been the conventional model of CSF-1 deficiency and exhibits a pleiotropic phenotype characterized by osteopetrosis, and defects in hematopoiesis, fertility and neural function. Studies to further delineate the biologic effect of CSF-1 within various tissues have been hampered by the lack of suitable models. To address this issue, we generated CSF-1 floxed/floxed mice and demonstrate that Cre-mediated recombination using Meox2Cre, a Cre line expressed in epiblast during early embryogenesis, results in mice with ubiquitous CSF-1 deficiency (CSF-1KO). ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546006 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546005&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011938%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Ellis-van Creveld syndrome protein homolog (Evc) was previously shown to mediate expression of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) downstream targets in chondrocytes. Consequently disruption of the Ihh/Pthrp axis was demonstrated in Evc−/− mice, but the full extent of Evc involvement in endochondral development was not totally characterized. Herein we have examined further the Evc−/− growth plate in a homogeneous genetic background and show that Evc promotes chondrocyte proliferation, chondrocyte hypertrophy and the differentiation of osteoblasts in the perichondrium, hence implicating Evc in both Pthrp-dependent and Pthrp-independent Ihh functions. We also demonstrate that Evc, which localizes to osteoblast primary cilia, mediates Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in the osteoblast lineage. In ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546005 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546004&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012002%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this pilot study was to determine if a short-term physical activity intervention in young children would result in augmentation of geometric properties of bone. Three days per week the intervention group (n=10) participated in 30min of moderate intensity physical activity, such as jumping, hopping and running, and stretching activities, whereas controls (n=10) underwent usual activities during the 10-week intervention period. Femoral bone marrow adipose tissue volume and total body composition were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively, at baseline and after 10weeks. Although after 10-weeks, intergroup differences were not observed, a significant decrease in femoral marrow adipose tissue volume was observed in those parti... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546004 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546004 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546003&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011963%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Mechanical loading of the skeleton, as induced by muscle function during activity, plays a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis. It is not understood, however, whether diminished loading (and thus diminished mechanical stimuli) directly mediates the bone resorption that is associated with disuse. Our group has recently developed a murine model in which we have observed rapid and profound bone loss in the tibia following transient paralysis of the calf muscles. As cortical bone loss is achieved via rapid endocortical expansion without alterations in periosteal morphology, we believe this model holds unique potential to explore the spatial relation between altered mechanical stimuli and subsequent bone resorption. Given the available literature, we hypothesized that endoco... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546003 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546002&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011975%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) tea consumption is higher in Argentina and other South American countries than those of coffee or tea (Camellia sinensis). The effects of Yerba Mate on bone health have not previously been explored. From a program for osteoporosis prevention and treatment, postmenopausal women who drank at least 1L of Yerba Mate tea daily during 4 or more years (n=146) were identified, and matched by age and time since menopause with an equal number of women who did not drink Yerba Mate tea. Their bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Yerba Mate drinkers had a 9.7% higher lumbar spine BMD (0.952g/cm2 versus 0.858g/cm2: p (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546002 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546001&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011422%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Modifications to Titanium (Ti) implant surfaces enhance osseointegration by promoting bone–implant contact and peri-implant bone accrual; which in vitro analyses of osteoblastic cells suggest is due to an enhancement in cellular phenotypic maturation and function. To evaluate these effects on uncommitted cells, this study examined the osteogenic mineralisation and phenotypic marker expression of human marrow derived stromal cells (hBMSCs) from three unrelated donors cultured on tissue culture plastic (TCP), polished (P), rough-hydrophobic (SLA) and rough-hydrophilic (modSLA) Ti surfaces over the course of 21days. Transcriptional analyses indicated a significant early up-regulation of both Runx2 (p (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546001 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546000&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013858%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546000 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5546000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5545999&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013846%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5545999 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5545999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5545998&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013834%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5545998 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5545998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5545997&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013792%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5545997 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100 5545997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546054&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013470%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been in use for 30years, and the form of SPM known as atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been around for 25 of those years. AFM has been used to produce high resolution images of a variety of samples ranging from DNA to carbon nanotubes. Type I collagen and many collagen-based tissues (including dentin, tendon, cartilage, skin, fascia, vocal cords, and cornea) have been studied with AFM, but comparatively few studies of bone have been undertaken. The purpose of this review is to introduce the general principles of AFM operation, demonstrate what AFM has been used for in bone research, and discuss the new directions that this technique can take the study of bone at the nanoscale.Highlights: ► Brief history of atomic force microscopy and basic A... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546054 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5546054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546052&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013482%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Increased PA is associated with an increase in BMD and a concomitant decrease in BMI. These findings suggest that population-level interventions to increase PA would favorably impact bone and other health outcomes.Highlights: ► Walking-a cohort mean of 30minutes per day-was associated with increased hip BMD. ► Men & women had similar physical activity; men did more strenuous exercise and work. ► Five year increases in physical activity relate to increased BMD and decreased BMI". (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546052 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5546052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546055&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013445%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In the second paragraph of the Introduction the word “TMD” inside the parenthetical in the third sentence should have been “tissue density”. The sentence concerned should read “This omission leads to a discrepancy in the numerical scales when comparing tissue mineral density and other defined densities (e.g., apparent density, which is hypothetically equivalent to tissue density for dense cortical bone [12]) making direct comparisons between image CT derived density and gravimetric derived densities extremely difficult.” (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546055 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5546055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599838&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012853%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Interactions Between Bone, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599838 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5599838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433459&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101235X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic metalloid which is widely distributed in nature in two forms: organic and inorganic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of As on endochondral ossification in growing animals during 120days of intoxication. Sixteen male Wistar rats weighing 40g were used and divided into two groups: Group I: Control and Group II: animals intoxicated with 10mg/l of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) during 120days. At the end of experiment, the animals were euthanized and tibiae, femur and liver were resected and processed histologically to obtain oriented sections. Digital microphotographs of the sections were taken and the following histomorphometric parameters were evaluated: 1.-Thickness of the growth plate (GPC.Th) (μm) 2.-Thickness of the zone of hypertrophic cartil... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433459 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433458&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012348%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present a woman with foreign body granulomatosis due to methacrylate implants. A 38year old patient with HIV infection was admitted to our hospital because of severe hypercalcemia and renal failure. She was under antiretroviral treatment since 1993 with no opportunistic infections. Eight months earlier she had started tenofovir treatment. She was ovo-lacteo-vegetarian and healthy in appearance, BMI 21, she has breast and buttock implants of methacrylate. At admission: Ca 15.9mg/dl(8.4–10.2), Cau 945mg/24hs, ClCr 19ml/min, PTHi 10.5pg/ml(15–65), 25OH vit D 34.5ng/ml (20–40). She was treated with hydratation, furosemide and sc. Calcitonin with transitory calcium normalization. As the patient had PTH independent hypercalcemia abdominal and chest CT were done with no pathological find... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433458 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433457&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012336%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Idiopathic multicentric osteolysis (IOM) is a rare disease characterized by osteolysis of carpus and tarsus, with inflammation and pain. It is classified into 5 Types, 1: Hereditary IOM with dominant transmission. 2: Hereditary IOM with recessive transmission. 3: Non hereditary IOM, associated with nephropathy and hypertension. 4: Gorham syndrome: massive osteolysis and replacement of bone by lymphatic or blood vessel tissue. 5: Winchester syndrome: IOM with deafness, short stature, mental retardation and osteoporosis. A 50year old male with history of pain, swelling and deformity in wrists and feet since he was 4years, presented functional involvement of feet and hands. At 34years he had referred proteinuria, edema and hypertension, and developed chronic renal failure. He underwent dialys... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433457 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433456&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012324%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this work was to study the egg shell mineral content. Sixteen egg shells were evaluated and the dry weight was calculated (5.43±0.79g). Samples were dissolved in acid and ion content was measured. Ca and strontium (Sr) were measured with atomic absorptiometry and phosphate (P) with UV spectrophotometry. Fluoride (F) concentration was determined with direct potentiometry. Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were measured with flame photometry. Carbonate (C) was measured through the production of carbon dioxide. Sulphate (S) was determined by precipitation with barium. Results are shown as percentage of the egg shell dry weight (%, mean±SD): Ca=38.9±7.6, C=46.9±2.2, Na=0.44±0.03, P=0.40±0.07, S=0.32±0.06, K=0.16±0.04, Sr=0.14±0.02, F=1.8×10−6±1.1×10−6. It was prove... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433456 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433455&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012312%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (hCAP18) is synthesized in several cell types of the immune system, and 1,25(OH)2D is a direct inducer of its gene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of leukocytes' cathelicidin in 33 young healthy volunteers supplemented with vitamin D2, D3 or placebo (Pl) for 21days (d), allocated to the groups: GD2 (n=11); GD3 (n=11) and Pl (n=11). They received at baseline (b) 100,000IU/d and from 7th to 21st, 4800IU/d of the corresponding D2/D3/Pl. At b and d 7th and 21st blood samples were obtained to measure 25OHD (RIA-DIASORIN) and the expression of hCAP18 in peripheral blood neutrophils (PMN), monocyte (MO) and lymphocyte (LI). This was assessed by flow cytometry with a FACSort® (Becton-Dickinson,USA) and the CellQuest® software (Becton-D... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433455 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433454&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012300%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes At least 20% of cases of osteoporosis and 30% of hip fractures occur in men, but awareness of these facts seems to lag behind the evidence. Great Mendoza is an urban conglomerate which includes the cities of Mendoza Godoy Cruz, Guaymallén and Las Heras. Its above 50year-old male population is about 120,000. I report here the trends in requests for diagnostic studies for osteoporosis in males and the main results of those studies in older males, from DXA scans performed from 2004 to 2010 at the Clinical Densitometry Unit of the Nuclear Medicine School, a large reference center. Results were classified from the bone mineral density (BMD) values according to the WHO criteria for postmenopausal women but using male cutoffs for the T-scores. Between 2004 and 2010 we did 27,143 scans, of which ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433454 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433453&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012294%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of bone tissue of first mandibular molar crypt in pups born from mothers subjected to adverse conditions during pregnancy. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups of 6 rats each: Control and LL (group subjected to constant light since day 10th to 20th of pregnancy). Pups from each group (n=12) were sacrificed at 3days of age. Their mandibles were removed and histologically processed to obtain buccolingual sections which were stained with H&E and for histochemical detection of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). In the occlusal zone of the first mandibular molar bony crypt the following histomorphometric parameters were evaluated: bone volume (BV/TV)(%), TRAP(+) surface (TRAP(+)/BS)(%), number of osteoclasts TRAP(+) per mm2 (N.Oc... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433453 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433452&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012282%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation leads to bone loss. As Z decreases bone resorption, MFP increases bone formation. It has been hypothesized that the effect of MFP would be more effective on a high state of bone remodeling. The administration of high calcium diet (HCaD) simultaneously with MFP and the subsequent administration of Z would help the anabolic effect of MFP. The aim of this work was to study the trabecular and cortical bone in rats with a sequential treatment with MFP and Z in association with diets with different calcium (Ca) content. Sprague Dawley rats of 7weeks (n=5–7/group) were ovariectomized (OVX), fed with low Ca diet (LCaD) for 30days, treated with MFP and HCaD for 60days and finally with Z and HCaD for 60days (Group T5). Controls were performed: T... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433452 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433451&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012270%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Introduction: Hip fracture (HF) is associated with high long-term mortality. The percentage of patients treated for osteoporosis after a HF is low. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact on mortality of a program for osteoporosis treatment after a HF. Population and methods: We selected two cohorts of HF patients from two different periods based on the same inclusion criteria. Patients with HF hospitalized in 2005–2006 (C05-06) and 2008–2009 (C08-09) were included. Survival up to 30months was analyzed using the Kaplan and Meier method. Breslow–Gehan test was used to compare survival curves. Predictor factors were assessed using Cox's model of proportional hazards. Results: There were 252 patients (79.5±8.1years) in C05-06, and 252 (81.5±7.2, p=0.04) in C08-09; 78.9% and 83... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433451 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433450&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012269%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes OI type V is characterized by fragile bones and also calcification of interosseous membrane between radius and ulna, dense radiolucent band adjacent to growth cartilage and hypertrophic calluses in fracture sites. We refer a 27-year-old patient with OI type V who presented multiple fractures during childhood and adolescence which got better with bisphosphonates, calcium and vitamin D treatment. A tumor could be observed in his left elbow, which disappeared during the adolescent period. The patient uses a wheel chair, has short stature 1.40m, multiple deformations and white sclerotics. A 10-cm diameter tumor was found in sole region of the left foot. The bone and mineral metabolism was normal. A low bone mass was seen at the total body BMD (Z: –2.3). The X-ray showed bilateral cubito-radi... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433450 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433449&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012257%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This paper analyzes alterations of growth and parameters of bone microarchitecture of the mandibular condyle and tibia caused by dietary restriction. Sprague Dawley rats adapted to a balanced hard diet (BD) after weaning were used. Animals were divided into 4 groups: Control: fed BD ad libitum (the amount of food consumed was recorded daily). Experimental groups (G 90%, G 80%, G 75%). The G90% consumed 90%, G 80% 80% and G 75% 75% of the amount of (DB) that Controls consumed the previous day. The animals were sacrificed at 25days experience. Heads and tibias were dissected and fixed in 10% formalin. One hemimandible of each animal was separated from the head in order to perform radiographs. The remaining samples were processed for paraffin embedding. Sections of the temporomandibular joint... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433449 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433448&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012245%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, this entity should be suspected and identified in every child born from a mother with hyperparathyroidism. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433448 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433447&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012233%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Reduced mobility and glucocorticoids therapy may cause osteoporosis and fractures in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We analyzed the BMD in 16 boys with DMD treated with deflazacort or methylprednisone evaluating age, time of immobilization, treatment duration, and cumulative dose of corticosteroid therapy. Lumbar L2–L4 BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar, Prodigy). Mean age was (± SD) 11.5±3years (range, 6.3–18.2). Children received deflazacort (0.9mg/kg/day, n=10) or methylprednisone (0.75mg/kg/day, n=6) during 3.8±2.1years (range, 0.75–7), and vitamin D and calcium supplements. The cumulative corticosteroid dose was 28.5±20.3g (range, 6.3–68.4). Weight Z-score was −0.15±1.16 (−1.70 to 2.65), height Z-score was −1.69±0.95 (n: 9... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433447 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433446&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012221%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a single high dose of NDXC and LCA on the intestinal Ca2+ absorption and the activity of oxidoreductases from Krebs cycle. Methods: Four-week old chicks were divided into two groups: controls and treated with NDXC or LCA in the intestinal lumen at different times. The intestinal Ca2+ absorption was measured by the in situ ligated intestinal segment technique. Mitochondria were isolated from intestinal homogenates and the activity of enzymes malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and α-keto glutharate dehydrogenase (α-KGD) were assessed by spectrophotometry. Expression of genes and proteins of these enzymes were determined by RT-PCR and Western-blot, respectively. Data indicate that LCA enhanced intestinal Ca2+ absorption and the activities... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433446 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433445&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101221X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Some studies found cholecalciferol (D3) to be superior to ergocalciferol (D2) based on the effect of increasing or maintaining serum 25-hidroxyvitamin-D (25OHD) levels. The aim of this study was to compare D2 and D3 pharmacokinetics. We carried out a single-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial during 11weeks (Sept–Dec 2010) in Buenos Aires city. Young healthy volunteers (n=33) with an age of (X±SD) 33.4±6years were included and divided into groups: D2 (n=11); D3 (n=11) and placebo (n=11). In the D groups the subjects received 100,000IU (baseline) and 4,800IU/day (d) of the vitamin D allocated from 7 to 21d and no vitamin D, from 22 to 77d. The serum samples were obtained at basal and d: 3, 7, 14, 21, 35, 49, 63 and 77. Baseline 25OHD (ng/ml) levels were: D2: 16.3±7; D3: 24.2±6 ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433445 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433444&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012208%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Fluoride (F) increases bone mass but the presence of inflammation has been observed. Inflammation could be the consequence of an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the result of modification of respiratory chain. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of F on the oxygen uptake rate (VO2) in rats treated with sodium fluoride (NaF). Sixteen Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: NaF20: received orally 20μmolNaF/100g bw/day for 30days, NaF40: 40μmol, NaF80: 80μmol and Controls received water. VO2 (μmol·O2/min·100g bw) and fluoremia were measured in vivo before and after 90min of NaF dose. After 30days, VO2 and fluoremia were measured in liver 24h after the last dose. Plasma glutation peroxidase (GPx) was measured every 10days as a response of antioxidant me... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433444 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433443&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012191%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of NaF and MFP on the rate of reparation of a non critical bone defect and its histological and mineralization features. A 2-mm diameter defect was performed in the proximal diaphysis of tibia of female 50-day-old rats. They were divided into MPF group that received orally 80μmolMFP/day, NaF: 80μmol NaF/day and Controls. Calcemia (CA), phosphatemia (PH), alkaline phophatase (ALP, U/l·day) and bone mineral density (BMD, mgCa/cm2) of the defect and healthy bone were measured at 0, 10, 20 and 30days. 24-h urinary fluoride excretion and 24-h calcium faecal excretion (mgCa/24h)were measured. Histological study of the bone defect was also performed. Results are shown as mean±SEM and differences were considered significant (*) when p (Sour... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433443 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433442&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101218X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: RSD preceded the clinical features that disclosed the diagnosis of TIO. Therapy with bisphosphonate and corticosteroid could have been determinant of the rapid and severe progression of the disease. The unexplained increased levels of APh, an early finding in this patient, should raise awareness about the importance of Ps monitoring. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433442 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433441&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012178%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Calcium (Ca) is essential for life. Food is not always enough to reach the daily Ca requirements. Tablets with Ca are a partial solution because of the cost and adherence to treatment. Dairy products are a solution because they provide Ca as well as other nutrients. A database of Ca content in dairy products has been made and the aim of this work was to evaluate the bioavailability of Ca from cheese in rats. The percentage of Ca absorption (%Ca) was measured in Sprague Dawley rats for 6days. On day 1 the animals were fed with normal calcium diet, then for 48h they received a Ca-free diet and after 72h were given a known amount of different types of cheese and collected feces for 48h. The amount of Ca ingested from cheese (CaCh) and the amount excreted in 48h (Ca48) were measured. The %Ca w... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433441 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433440&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012166%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes A methodology to measure bone remodeling through the pharmacokinetic parameters of F has been developed. This method has been validated in different biological models but there were some incongruent results. The aim of this job was to develop and validate a more precise methodology from fluoruria samples. The pharmacokinetic model has three parameters: Ke: rate constant of plasma F clearance, Ku: rate constant of urinary F excretion, Ko: rate constant of bone F uptake. This method requested obtaining urine samples for 1 hour. After this, an intravenous F dose is injected (1μmol NaF/100g bw) and urine sampling continued through intra urethral catheterism for 4h. The experiment was carried out under ketamine anaesthesia and rectal hydration. Fluoruria was determined and a mathematical model... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433440 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433439&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012154%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Calcitriol has been evaluated as anticancer agent in many cancer cells. This effect may be increased with glutathione-depleting drugs such as L-Buthionine-S,R-Sulfoximine (BSO), which may be applied as an alternative to avoid bone complications associated with breast cancer metastasis. Our aim was to investigate calcitriol and BSO actions, alone or in combination, on breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were treated with 100nM calcitriol, 20μM BSO or both at different times. Cell growth was evaluated by crystal violet staining. GSH content was measured by spectrophotometry, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell cycle by flow citometry. Apoptosis was analyzed by phase contrast microscopy and immunocytochemistry and TRPV6 gene expression by qPCR. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and Bon... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433439 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433438&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012142%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We have previously demonstrated that menadione (MEN) decreases intestinal calcium absorption triggering oxidative stress and apoptotic death of enterocytes. The aminoacid glutamine (GLN) has restorative and protective properties of the redox state in tissues exposed to oxidant drugs. In this work we studied the possible role of GLN on the oxidative stress induced by MEN in enterocytes. Chickens (4weeks old Cobb-Harding) were fed a commercial diet. Controls were treated with vehicle and the treated group with 1g GLN/kg bw per os and with MEN 12.5μmol/kg bw intraperitoneally (60 or 90min later). Both drugs acted together for 30min. Glutathione (GSH) content was quantified by enzymatic method. The activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined in duodenal mucosa hom... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433438 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433437&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012130%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Objective: To study the prevalence of VD sufficiency in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its relation to disease activity and functional capacity and bone mineral density (BMD), and immunosuppressants. Material and methods: patients with RA, ACR87 criteria. The activity as measured by DAS28, functional capacity by HAQ. VD was measured with a DiaSorin kit (March and June). VD deficiency 30ng/ml. Measured BMD with DXA. Statistics: Student's t tests, ANOVA, Pearson, Spearman, Kruskal Wallis and chi square and logistic regression. Significance was set at p or (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433437 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433436&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012129%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fractures (VF) and the lack of vitamin D (VD) in patients with osteoporosis (OP) who are overweight (OW) or obese (O). Material and methods: 66 female patients, average age 67.6years with OP diagnosed by DXA on lumbar spine (LS). They were questioned about history of VF. Exclusion criteria: liver or renal disease or treated with corticosteroids, anticonvulsants and anticoagulants. We performed lateral thoracic and LS X-ray. VF was considered with a 20% decreased. Body mass index (BMI) of OW was 25–30 and for O, BMI was over 30. Vitamin 25(OH) D was measured by RIA, DiaSorin kit, divided into (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433436 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433436 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433435&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012117%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: VF is often asymptomatic and in addition, patients with GD may not report pain. Therefore, to ensure that all VF are detected, DS and LS X-rays should be performed. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433435 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433434&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012105%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Apoptosis occurs in response to environmental or developmental cues, cellular stresses and specific cell death signals. We have previously demonstrated that testosterone protects against H2O2-induced apoptosis in C2C12 muscle cells. Typical changes of apoptosis such as nuclear fragmentation, cytoskeleton disorganization, mitochondrial reorganization/dysfunction and cytochrome c release induced by H2O2, are abolished when cells are previously exposed to the hormone. Also, the molecular events activated, especially those that involve the mitochondria as a target, have begun to be elucidated. In the present work, we demonstrated not only a non-classical localization of the androgen receptor (AR) but also its contribution to the anti-apoptotic effect of testosterone. Treatments with the AR ant... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433434 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433433&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012099%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown that the hormonal form of vitamin D3, 1α,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3), in addition to playing a central role in the control of calcium homeostasis, participates in several molecular mechanisms involved in tumoral transformation of cells. We have previously demonstrated that the hormone has antiproliferative effects on the growth of endothelial cells transformed by the viral G protein-coupled receptor associated to Kaposi sarcoma (SVEC-vGPCR). In this work, we have investigated the mechanism by which 1α,25(OH)2D3 exerts its growth inhibitory effects. Time and dose response studies, by QRT-PCR and Western blot showed that the hormone significantly decreased NFkB and increased IkBα RNA and protein levels in SVEC-vGPCR, whereas in non-tran... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433433 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433433 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433432&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012087%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We previously described a non classical localization for both estrogen receptors (ERs) in the C2C12 cell line and in mouse skeletal muscle tissue. ERβ was exclusively detected in mitochondria and ERα in the perinuclear and mitochondrial compartments. Since mitochondria are key organelles in apoptosis, this subcellular location of ERs could be associated with the regulation of apoptosis of muscle cells by 17β-estradiol (E2). Thus, we demonstrated that E2, at physiological concentrations, abrogates H2O2 induced-apoptosis through both ERα and ERβ. Moreover, the mechanism activated by E2 in this protective action involved PI3K/Akt/Bad and MAPKs pathways and HSP27. We found that the steroid abrogates DNA damage, PARP and caspase-3 cleavage, cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO release from mitocho... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433432 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433431&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012075%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) mediates the communication of osteocytes among themselves and with the extracellular milieu. Although Cx43 appears to be important for the response of osteocytic cells to mechanical stimulation in vitro, the contribution of Cx43 in osteocytes to mechanotransduction in vivo is unknown. To this end, we examined the anabolic response to loading of mice lacking Cx43 in osteocytes (Cx43∆OT) generated by crossing Cx43fl/fl mice with 8kbDMP1-Cre mice. Effective deletion of Cx43 was confirmed by an 88% decreased in Cx43 mRNA in osteocyte-enriched cortical bone from Cx43∆OT mice, compared to control mice. Right ulnae were subjected to axial loading at equivalent low, medium, and high strain magnitudes during 1min/d for 3days; left ulnae were used as no... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433431 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433430&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012063%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Bisphosphonates (BPs) inhibit osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis via opening of connexin (Cx) 43 hemichannels and activation of the extracellular signal regulated kinases, ERKs. However, the events elicited by BPs upstream of hemichannel opening remain unknown. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated the presence of saturable, specific and high affinity binding sites in the Cx43-expressing ROS 17/2.8 osteoblastic cells and rat calvaria derived osteoblasts, as well as in HeLa cells lacking Cx43 expression and to ROS 17/2.8 cells pretreated with agents that disassemble Cx channels. In addition, both BPs and the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitor Na3VO4 increased proliferation of cells expressing Cx43 or not. Furthermore, although the molecular mechanisms by which BPs affe... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433430 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433429&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012051%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study we investigated modulation of Akt by the hormone. C2C12 cells are a good model of myogenesis because they can remain in proliferative stage (myoblasts) or can be differentiated into muscle fibers. In proliferating C2C12 cells, 1α,25(OH)2D3 activates Akt by phosphorylation in Ser473 in a time-dependent manner (5–60min). When these cells were pretreated with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin to disrupt caveolae microdomains, 1α,25(OH)2D3-induced activation of Akt was suppressed, indicating that cell membrane caveolae are required for hormone downstream signaling. Similar results were obtained by siRNA silencing of caveolin-1 expression. PI3K and p38 MAPK (the latter probably via MAPK-activated protein kinase 2) were shown to participate in 1α,25(OH)2D3 activation of Akt in myoblast... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433429 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433428&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101204X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Strontium ranelate (SrR) is a first-line therapeutic option for osteoporosis. Its mode of action is dual, stimulating osteoblasts (thus promoting bone formation), and inhibiting osteoclastic activity (antiresorptive mechanism). There are published reports of long-term use (10years), for the treatment of postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis. The purpose of the present communication is to describe the results of a 4-year treatment with SrR in a young adult with secondary osteoporosis. He suffered from panhypopituitarism, and low bone mass persisted in spite of testosterone replacement. This 27-year-old male with anterohypophyseal deficiency was being treated with oral hydrocortisone and levothyroxine. He consulted for lack of sexual development and low stature; bone age was delayed, but gr... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433428 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433427&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012038%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Bisphosphonates are useful drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis. They inhibit osteoclastic activity (antiresorptives). Administration of pamidronate in intravenous cycles is the usual treatment of osteoporosis in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Recent reports propose the use of zoledronic acid (ZA) as a therapeutic option in these patients. This presentation shows the efficacy of ZA in a teenage boy with OI without previous treatment of his low bone mass. The patient was first seen at age 12years and 6months; he used a thoraco-lumbar corset. He had been diagnosed OI and had previous history of two fractures (one in the right femur, another in the left ankle). His lumbar BMD had a Z-score of −4.7 (L2–L4: 0.274g/cm², Hologic). He met the pediatric criteria of secondary os... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433427 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100 5433427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433396&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012956%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Maureen Owen died peacefully in Oxford aged 83 on 5th April 2011. Maureen will be remembered not only as an outstanding leader in the field of bone biology but also as a wonderful friend and colleague to all who knew her. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433396 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:57:59 +0100 5433396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433395&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101307X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433395 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:57:59 +0100 5433395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433394&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013068%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433394 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:57:59 +0100 5433394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433393&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013056%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433393 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:57:59 +0100 5433393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433392&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211013019%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433392 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:57:59 +0100 5433392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546050&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012543%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study we compared images of mouse hind limb long bone vascularisation after infusion of either barium sulfate or lead chromate-loaded silicon. The images were then analyzed through histology as well as low-resolution and synchrotron-radiation microtomography. We show that barium sulfate infusion provides the best vessel images and furthermore, that it is compatible with staining procedures used in bone histomorphometry and CD31 immunohistochemistry. Bone marrow vascularisation displays large structural and spatial distribution heterogeneity, including large lobular clusters of sinusoids and an unexpectedly substantial amount of capillaries in the adipocytes-rich distal third of the tibia. For an unbiased assessment of bone vascular development/changes, these features must be taken ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546050 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5546050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599832&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012865%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The skeleton can no longer be considered an isolated organ that is regulated independently of other homeostatic processes. Rather it represents an important metabolic tissue that interfaces through endocrine, paracrine and autocrine mechanisms with adipose depots, skeletal muscle, pancreas, liver and even testis. In the last five years, tremendous progress has been made to understand these connections and to translate them into potential therapies not only for bone disorders but also for conditions such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. In this special edition of Bone, we focused our attention on relationships between bone and energy metabolism, and commissioned reviews from leading investigators that present up-to-date summaries of the genetic, molecular and hormonal cues that define the ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599832 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5599832 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599833&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012804%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, NPY acts to regulate both bone and fat tissue in a coordinated manner, and remains a strong candidate for mediating interactions between these two tissues. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Interactions Between Bone, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599833 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5599833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350321&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012646%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350321 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 05:04:10 +0100 5350321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350295&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012634%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350295 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 05:04:06 +0100 5350295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350294&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012622%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350294 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 05:04:06 +0100 5350294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350293&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012610%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350293 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 05:04:06 +0100 5350293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350292&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012579%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350292 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 05:04:06 +0100 5350292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433423&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012440%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: It is known that mechanical loading leads to an increase in bone mass through a positive shift in the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. How the remodeling sites change over time as an effect of loading remains, however, to be clarified. The purpose of this paper was to investigate how bone formation and resorption sites are modulated by mechanical loading over time by using a new imaging technique that extracts three dimensional formation and resorption parameters from time-lapsed in vivo micro-computed tomography images. To induce load adaptation, the sixth caudal vertebra of C57BL/6 mice was cyclically loaded through pins in the adjacent vertebrae at either 8N or 0N (control) three times a week for 5min (3000 cycles) over a total of 4weeks. The results showed ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433423 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433425&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012427%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we investigated the role of in vivo cyclic loading on mechanical properties of a bone scaffold. We implanted PLA/β-TCP scaffolds in the distal femur of six rats, applied external cyclic loading on the right leg, and kept the left leg as a control. We monitored bone formation at 7 time points over 35weeks using time-lapsed micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging. The images were then used to construct micro-finite element models of bone-scaffold constructs, with which we estimated the stiffness for each sample at all time points. We found that loading increased the stiffness by 60% at 35weeks. The increase of stiffness was correlated to an increase in bone volume fraction of 18% in the loaded scaffold compared to control scaffold. These changes in volume fraction and related ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433425 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433424&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012439%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In the present study, we examined the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects of ONO-5334, a novel inhibitor of cathepsin K, on bone metabolism. In vitro experiments indicated that ONO-5334 is a potent inhibitor of cathepsin K with Ki value of 0.1nM. Although this compound inhibited other cysteine proteases, such as cathepsin S, L and B, its inhibitory activity for these enzymes was 8 to 320 fold lower than that for cathepsin K. ONO-5334 also inhibited human osteoclasts bone resorption in vitro at a concentration more than 100 fold lower than that of alendronate, a bisphosphonate. While alendronate disrupted actin ring and induced pyknotic nuclei in osteoclasts, ONO-5334 did not have such effects, suggesting that this compound does not affect osteoclasts viability. In in viv... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433424 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433420&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012361%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The Designed for intravenous (IV) Ibandronate reNal safety Evaluation (DIVINE) study was a 1-year prospective, randomized, open label, multi-center study that evaluated the renal safety of quarterly (every 3months) ibandronate IV injection given over 15–30s compared with infusion given over 15min, and weekly oral alendronate, in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) at increased risk for renal disease. Both injection and infusion of IV ibandronate showed comparable safety to alendronate, with only small changes in serum creatinine (sCr) for each treatment group, and AEs were generally comparable between groups. All three treatments had similar effects on renal function, measured by change in baseline of the glomerular filtration rate; the ibandronate IV injection group w... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433420 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433422&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012488%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Osteoclasts form ruffled borders and sealing zones toward bone surfaces to resorb bone. Sealing zones are defined as ringed structures of F-actin dots (actin rings). Polarized osteoclasts secrete protons to bone surfaces via vacuolar proton ATPase through ruffled borders. Catabolic enzymes such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K are also secreted to bone surfaces. Here we show a simple method of identifying functional vestiges of polarized osteoclasts. Osteoclasts obtained from cocultures of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were cultured for 48h on dentin slices. Cultures were then fixed and stained for TRAP to identify osteoclasts on the slices. Cells were removed from the slices with cotton swabs, and the slices subjected to TRAP and Mayer's he... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433422 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433421&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101249X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The repair of critical-sized bony defects remains a challenge in the fields of implantology, maxillofacial surgery and orthopaedics. As an alternative bone-defect filler to autologous bone grafts, deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) is highly osteoconductive and clinically now widely used. However, this product suffers from the disadvantage of not being intrinsically osteoinductive. In the present study, this property was conferred by coating DBB with a layer of calcium phosphate into which bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was incorporated. Granules of DBB bearing a coating-incorporated depot of BMP-2 — together with the appropriate controls (DBB bearing a coating but no BMP-2; uncoated DBB bearing adsorbed BMP-2; uncoated DBB bearing no BMP-2) — were implanted subcutaneously... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433421 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433426&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012415%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In long bone diaphyses, woven bone forms first and then transitions into a more mineralized compact bone tissue. Prior evidence suggests that the non-collagenous protein composition of woven bone may be distinct from that of more mature bone tissue, particularly with respect to a diverse group of phosphorylated, extracellular matrix proteins. To critically test this hypothesis, we developed an in situ approach to isolate newly formed bone from more mature bone within the same long bone, and combine this anatomical approach with Western blotting to make relative comparisons of 7 phosphorylated matrix proteins important for bone physiology and biomineralization. Interestingly, 75kDa bone sialoprotein (BSP), 63kDa osteopontin, and the 75kDa form of bone acidic glycoprotein-75 (BAG-7... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433426 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433419&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012464%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study we examine the effects of an anthrapyrazolone inhibitor of JNK (SP600125) on inducible osteoprogenitors as well as Nf1-deficient and Nf1-null primary osteoblasts.C2C12 cells, which are highly responsive to rhBMP-2, were examined with exogenous rhBMP-2 and a range of SP600125 doses. Based on the expression of early and late bone markers and matrix mineralization, 10μM SP600125 was found to be pro-osteogenic whether delivered concurrent with or following 2days of rhBMP-2 treatment. Aberrant JNK activity was identified in Nf1-deficient osteoprogenitors (increased rhBMP-2 induced phospho-c-Jun) and in Nf1-null mature osteoblasts (increased total c-Jun). Next, SP600125 was used to treat these cells and was found to facilitate osteogenesis in Nf1-deficient osteoprogenitors, and in... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433419 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433418&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012506%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study investigated the effects of intravenous calcitriol on blood lead (BL) levels in patients with SHP.Methods: Intravenous calcitriol therapy was administered for 16wk to 28 patients who were on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and had intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) plasma levels of >300pg/mL. Blood was drawn at baseline and every 4wk for 16wk to determine the levels of iPTH; bone remodeling markers, including bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP) and type 5b tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP); and BL.Results: Of the 28 patients, 25 responded to calcitriol therapy; they exhibited significant decrements in serum iPTH levels by the end of 4wk of therapy and thereafter. After 16wk of therapy, these patients had significant reductions in serum iPTH levels (p (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433418 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546051&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012403%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The introduction of high resolution micro computed tomography (microCT) imaging to assess trabecular and cortical bone architecture and geometry has revolutionized our ability to determine the structural basis for the skeletal phenotype of mice. Yet, the application of microCT has been a topic of substantial controversy in the last decade, with many proponents pointing to sensitivity and specificity of the assessment, greater region of interest and direct measurement of bone micro architecture without relying on stereologic models, while detractors espousing quantitative histologic techniques have noted the technical difficulty and cost, along with the blatant lack of cellular and/or mechanistic insight. Despite the wrangling, it is clear that high resolution microCT imaging is now a funda... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546051 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5546051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433417&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101194X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Purpose: Weight loss is associated with bone loss; however, it is unclear whether loss of fat or loss of lean body mass plays the key role in this relationship. The aim of this longitudinal analysis was to clarify the relationship between hip BMD, hip BMC and whole body BMC with changes in fat and lean tissue mass in older men.Methods: The Concord Health and Aging in Men Project (CHAMP) is a population-based study in Sydney, Australia, involving 1705 men aged 70–97years. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the total hip, and bone mineral content (BMC) of the hip and whole body (WB), lean mass and fat mass were measured with Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess relationships.Results: Over 2.2years of follow-up, 368(33%) men lost at... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433417 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433416&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011999%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The evidences from the in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that OPG played an important role in the uncoupling effect of Sr on bone metabolism, possibly by acting as a cross-talk molecule between osteoclasts and osteoblasts in response to Sr treatment.Highlights: ► Sr-mediated conditioned media inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and function. ► Sr increased osteoprotegerin gene and protein expression in osteoblasts. ► Sr exerted bone-forming and anti-resorptive effects on osteoporotic bone in rats, which were attenuated with anti-osteoprotegerin antibodies administration. ► Osteoprotegerin played an important role in the cross-talk between osteoclasts and osteoblasts after Sr treatment. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433416 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433415&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012452%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Pathogenesis of atypical fractures in patients on long term bisphosphonate therapy is poorly understood, and the type, the manner in which they occur and the fracture sites are quite different from the usual osteoporotic fractures. We hypothesized that the tissue-level mechanical properties and mean degree of mineralization of the iliac bone would differ among 1) patients with atypical fractures and severely suppressed bone turnover (SSBT) associated with long-term bisphosphonate therapy, 2) age-matched, treatment-naïve osteoporotic patients with vertebral fracture, 3) age-matched normals and 4) young normals. Large differences in tissue-level mechanical properties and/or mineralization among these groups could help explain the underlying mechanism(s) for the occurrence of typic... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433415 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433414&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011987%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Late maturational timing is documented to be detrimental to bone strength primarily at the distal radius. Studies at the proximal femur have focused on bone mass and the results remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the long term relationship between the onset of maturation and the development of estimated cross sectional area (CSA) and section modulus (Z) at the proximal femur.Two hundred and twenty six individuals (108 males and 118 females) from the Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (PBMAS) were classified into maturity groups based on age of attainment of peak height velocity. CSA and Z were serially assessed at the narrow neck (NN), intertrochanter (IT) and proximal shaft (S) sites using hip structural analysis (HSA). Multilevel model... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433414 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433413&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211012385%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We describe a method to select normalized volumes of interest in MicroCT scans. ► We describe how to render normalized cross-sections for comparison between scans. ► We show how to measure bone volumes of the selected VOIs. ► We show that we can quantify biologically relevant differences with this method. ► We show how this method compares to radiographic analysis. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433413 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433413 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433412&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011902%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study characterized the biological role of CB1 in glucocorticoid-induced suppression of osteoblast differentiation. Murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were incubated under osteogenic conditions in the presence or absence of 1μM glucocorticoid, RNA interference, CB1 antagonist AM251, and agonist WIN55212-2. Cell survival was detected by formazan synthesis and TUNEL staining. Osteoblast differentiation was quantified by mineralized matrix accumulation and expression of the osteogenic factors Runx2 and osteocalcin. Expression of signaling molecules was assessed by immunoblotting. Glucocorticoid increased CB1 expression in association with decreased osteocalcin expression and mineralized nodule deposition. CB1 RNA interference and AM251 attenuated the deleterious actions of glucocorticoid treat... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433412 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433411&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011641%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Mice have become a preferred model system for bone research because of their genetic and pathophysiological similarities to humans: a relatively short reproductive period, leading to relatively low cost of maintenance and the availability of the entire mouse genome sequence information. The success in producing the first transgenic mouse line that expressed rabbit β-globin protein in mouse erythrocytes three decades ago marked the beginning of the use of genetically engineered mice as model system to study human diseases. Soon afterward the development of cultured pluripotent embryonic stem cells provided the possibility of gene replacement or gene deletion in mice. These technologies have been critical to identify new genes involved in bone development, growth, remodeling, repa... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433411 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433410&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011951%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In the present study a rat animal model of lathyrism was employed to decipher whether anatomically confined alterations in collagen cross-links are sufficient to influence the mechanical properties of whole bone.Animal experiments were performed under an ethics committee approved protocol. Sixty-four female (47day old) rats of equivalent weights were divided into four groups (16 per group): Controls were fed a semi-synthetic diet containing 0.6% calcium and 0.6% phosphorus for 2 or 4weeks and β-APN treated animals were fed additionally with β-aminopropionitrile (0.1% dry weight). At the end of this period the rats in the four groups were sacrificed, and L2–L6 vertebra were collected. Collagen cross-links were determined by both biochemical and spectroscopic (Fourier transform... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433410 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433409&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011562%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, our data support a new role for FXR in the modulation of osteoblast/adipocyte balance: its activation stimulates RUNX2-mediated osteoblastic differentiation of BMSC, whereas its inhibition leads to an adipocyte-like phenotype.Highlights: ► Farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) is expressed in BMSC and SaOS2 osteoblast-like cells. ► FXR agonists increase osteoblastic differentiation through RUNX2 activation. ► Bisphosphonates inhibit basal osteoblastic differentiation possibly through suppression of endogenous FXR agonist production. ► FXR antagonist interferes with osteoblastic differentiation and stimulates the expression of adipose tissue markers. ► FXR may be involved in the modulation of the osteoblast/adipocyte balance. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433409 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433408&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011926%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Genes play an important role in lifelong skeletal health. Genes that influence bone building during childhood have the potential to affect bone health not only throughout childhood but also into adulthood. Given that peak bone mass is a significant predictor of adult fracture risk, it is imperative that the genetic underpinnings of the normal pediatric skeleton are uncovered. In a sample of 600 10-year-old children from 144 families in the Fels Longitudinal Study, we examined radiographic cortical bone measures of the second metacarpal. Morphometic measurements included bone width, medial and lateral cortical thicknesses, and the calculated cortical index representing the amount of cortex relative to bone width. We then conducted genome-wide linkage analysis on these traits in 44... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433408 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433407&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011604%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study presents a radiographic and biochemical picture of bone metabolism in free-ranging, female American black bears (Ursus americanus) that were active (spring bears and autumn bears) or hibernating (hibernating bears). Hibernating bears included lactating and non-lactating individuals. We measured serum calcium, albumin, inorganic phosphate, creatinine, bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSALP), CTX, parathyroid hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-l), leptin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and sclerostin from 35 to 50 tranquilized hibernating bears and 14 to 35 tranquilized spring bears. We compared metacarpal cortical indices (MCI), measured by digital X-ray radiogrammetry, from 60 hunter-killed autumn bears and 79 tranquilized, hiberna... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433407 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433406&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011914%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hMSCs) are a major source of osteoprogenitors. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a glycoprotein constitutively produced by hMSCs, is reported to act on differentiated osteoblasts and also osteoclasts. Moreover, HGF has been shown by us and others to enhance osteoblastic differentiation from hMSCs. Typically, the pro-differentiation effects of HGF have required cooperative action with regulatory factors such as vitamin D or bone matrix material. Here, we have pursued the molecular mechanisms underlying the osteogenic effect of HGF on hMSCs, the principal precursors to bone forming cells. HGF treatment of hMSCs reduced the cell number over time and increased G1/S cell-cycle arrest compared to control (non-treated) cells. RT-qPCR showed treatment ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433406 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433405&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011549%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In order to better understand bone postyield behavior and consequently bone failure behavior, this study aimed first to investigate cortical bone microstructure and second, to relate cortical bone microstructure to microdamage initiation and propagation in C57BL/6 (B6) and C3H/He (C3H) mice; two murine inbred strains known for their differences in bone phenotype. Murine femora of B6 and C3H were loaded axially under compression in a stepwise manner. For each loading step, 3D data sets at a nominal resolution of 700nm were acquired by means of synchrotron radiation-based computed tomography. Cortical bone microstructure was divided into three phases: the canal network, the osteocyte lacunar system, and microdamage. Canal volume density and canal unit volume both correlated highly ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433405 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433404&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011550%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, fractures in mice lacking sclerostin showed accelerated bridging, greater callus maturation, and increased bone formation and strength in the callus.Highlights: ► We examined differences in fracture healing in sclerostin KO and wild type mice. ► Closed femoral fracture model. ► Accelerated healing process in KO. Increased callus bone formation in KO. ► Increased fractured bone BMD in KO. ► Increased fractured bone strength in KO. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433404 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433403&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011574%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, younger patients have a significantly better outcome than older patients.Highlights: ► We study the relevance of age as prognostic factor in survival of osteosarcoma-patients. ► Younger patients showed an increased survival due to more intensified treatment regimens. ► Older patients suffered more treatment-related toxicity and showed decreased survival rates. ► This study shows the prognostic significance of age among patients with osteosarcoma. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433403 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433402&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011616%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study demonstrates the importance of validation of computational models through the use of experimental in vivo data, including the local comparison of simulated and experimental remodeling sites. It is assumed that the ability to accurately predict changes in bone micro-architecture will facilitate a deeper understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying bone remodeling and adaptation due to mechanical loading.Highlights: ► We develop an in silico model for bone adaptation due to mechanical loading. ► The predictive value of the model is assessed by in vivo micro-computed tomography. ► Morphometry is predicted with 5.4% error after 4weeks of simulated loading. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433402 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433401&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011586%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In the present work we examined the effect of teriparatide administration following bisphosphonate treatment on bone compositional properties by Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging (FTIR) microspectroscopic analysis. Thirty two paired iliac crest biopsies (before and after 1year teriparatide) from sixteen osteoporotic women previously treated with either Alendronate (ALN) or Risedronate (RIS) and subsequently treated 12months with teriparatide (TPTD) were analyzed at anatomical areas of similar tissue age in bone forming areas (within the fluorescent double labels). The outcomes that were monitored and reported were mineral to matrix ratio (corresponding to ash weight), mineral maturity (indicative of the mineral crystallite chemistry and stoichiometry, and having a dire... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433401 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350318&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101132X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The effect of hesperidin (Hp) and naringin (Nar), two major citrus flavanones, on the regulation of bone metabolism was examined in male senescent rats. Twenty -month -old gonad-intact male Wistar rats received a casein-based diet supplemented with or without either 0.5% hesperidin (Hp), 0.5% naringin (Nar) or a mix of both flavanones (Hp+Nar, 0.25% each). After 3months, daily Hp intake significantly improved femoral bone integrity as reflected by improvements in total and regional bone mineral densities (BMD) (9.7%–12.3% improvements, p (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350318 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5350318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433400&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011628%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The effects of Zinc(Zn)-deficiency on the function and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were investigated in vivo using rats, which were fed a Zn-adequate (control) or Zn-free diet (ZD) or pair-fed a Zn-adequate diet (PF) for 3weeks. Levels of Zn, insulin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and osteoclacin in serum and the activities and numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone decreased in ZD rats compared with the control and PF rats. The frequency analyses showed that the precursors of osteoblasts and osteoclasts decreased in bone marrow of ZD, but not PF, rats. The expression of receptor for activation of NF-κB (RANK) decreased with the Zn-deficiency, although RANK ligand, osteoprotegerin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and c-fms levels were una... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433400 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433399&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101163X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study tests Wolff's law of trabecular bone adaptation by examining if induced changes in joint loading orientation cause corresponding adjustments in trabecular orientation. Two groups of sheep were exercised at a trot, 15min/day for 34days on an inclined (7°) or level (0°) treadmills. Incline trotting caused the sheep to extend their tarsal joints by 3–4.5° during peak loading (P (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433399 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433398&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011598%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Sclerostin is a secreted inhibitor of Wnt signaling and plays an essential role in the regulation of bone mass. The expression of sclerostin is largely restricted to osteocytes although its mode of transcriptional regulation is not well understood. We observed regulated expression of sclerostin mRNA and protein that was directly correlated with the mineralization response in cultured human Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells and rat primary calvarial cells. Sclerostin mRNA and protein levels were increased following treatment of cells with BMP2, BMP4 and BMP7. Analysis of deletion mutants from the −7.4kb upstream region of the human sclerostin promoter did not reveal any specific regions that were responsive to BMPs, Wnt3a, PTH, TGFβ1 or Activin A in Saos-2 cells. The downstream ECR5 el... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433398 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350317&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011501%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that has high affinity for RANK ligand (RANKL). RANKL is the essential mediator of osteoclast formation, function and survival.The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of denosumab in healthy postmenopausal Japanese women were assessed.This was a randomized, double-blind, dose-escalation study in which 40 subjects received denosumab at doses of 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 or 3.0mg/kg, or placebo administered subcutaneously. Blood and urine samples for determination of serum denosumab, CTX-I, NTX-I/Cr, bone specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were collected. The PK and PD time profiles were compared to those obtained in separate studies conducted in the US.No serious ... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350317 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5350317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599839&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011537%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, this study identifies Wnt10a and Wnt6 as additional regulators of MSC fate and demonstrates that mechanisms downstream of β-catenin are required for Wnt6, Wnt10a and Wnt10b to influence differentiation of mesenchymal precursors.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Interactions Between Bone, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism.Highlights: ► Overexpression of Wnt6, Wnt10a or Wnt10b blocks adipogenesis and stimulates osteoblastogenesis. ► Stable knockdown of these Wnts enhances adipogenesis and impairs osteoblastogenesis. ► β-Catenin is required for effects of these Wnts on fate of mesenchymal precursors. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599839 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5599839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350316&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS875632821101146X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) are potent stimulators of osteoclast formation and bone resorption and are frequently associated with pathologic bone metabolism. The cytokine exerts specific effects on its target cells and constitutes a part of the cellular microenvironment. Previously, TNFα was demonstrated to inhibit the development of osteoclasts in vitro via an osteoblast-mediated pathway. In the present study, the molecular mechanisms of the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis were investigated in co-cultures of osteoblasts and bone marrow cells (BMC) and in cultures of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) dependent, non-adherent osteoclast progenitor cells (OPC) grown with M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Granul... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350316 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5350316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198336&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011732%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198336 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 00:18:57 +0100 5198336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198335&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011720%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198335 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 00:18:56 +0100 5198335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198334&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011719%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198334 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 00:18:55 +0100 5198334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198333&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011677%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198333 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 00:18:54 +0100 5198333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599840&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011483%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Interactions Between Bone, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism.Highlights: ► Risperidone reduced trabecular and cortical bone mass in mice. ► Risperidone elevated bone resorption and suppressed bone formation. ► Risperidone induced osteoclast (but not osteoblast) differentiation in vitro. ► Weight gain did not contribute to risperidone-induced bone loss. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599840 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5599840 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599834&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211010751%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Interactions Between Bone, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism.Highlights: ► FoxO1 orchestrates transcriptional cascades regulating glucose metabolism in insulin regulating and responsive tissues, pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. ► Through its expression in osteoblasts FoxO1 controls glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure. ► FoxO1 acts as a transcriptional link between the skeleton and pancreas and other insulin target tissues to regulate energy homeostasis. ► Clinical studies suggest that the glycemic properties of FoxO1 are conserved in humans. ► FoxO1 actions in peripheral glucose-regulating organs and the skeleton, establish it as a master regulator of energy metabolism across species. (So... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599834 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5599834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433397&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011525%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: All postmenopausal women become estrogen deficient but not all remodel their skeleton rapidly or lose bone rapidly. As remodeling requires a surface to be initiated upon, we hypothesized that a volume of mineralized bone assembled with a larger internal surface area is more accessible to being remodeled, and so decayed, after menopause.We measured intracortical, endocortical and trabecular bone surface area and microarchitecture of the distal tibia and distal radius in 185 healthy female twin pairs aged 40 to 61years using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). We used generalized estimation equations to analyze (i) the trait differences across menopause, (ii) the relationship between remodeling markers and bone surface areas, and (iii) robust regr... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433397 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350315&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011495%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study characterized the biological significance of HSP60 in glucocorticoid-induced bone loss. Rats were treated with glucocorticoid, HSP60 antisense oligonucleotides, or adenovirus-mediated HSP60 gene transfer. Bone mineral density, metaphyseal trabecular micro-architecture, and fragility were analyzed by dual X-ray absorptiometry, micro-computed tomography, and material testing, respectively. Differential proteomic profiles of bone tissue extracts were detected by bi-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Survival and proapoptotic signal transduction were quantified by immunoblotting. Glucocorticoid-treated rats had low bone mineral density and metaphyseal trabecular microstructure in association with downregulation of collagen 1α1 and HSP60 expressions in bone tissue. G... Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350315 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5350315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350314&cid=s_34570_31_f&fid=34570&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebonejournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS8756328211011410%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study provides evidence that while a low protein diet leads to decreased circulating IGF-I, altered microstructure and decreased bone strength, these negative effects can be prevented with IGF-I overexpression exclusively in bone cells.Highlights: ► Here we investigated effects of osteoblastic IGF-I overexpression on the biochemical, biomechanical, histomorphometric and microstructural changes in protein deprived mice. ► Low protein decreased circulating IGF-I, altered microstructure and decreased bone strength, whereas these effects were prevented with osteoblastic IGF-I overexpression. ► These results indicate that modulation of skeletal IGF-I may improve bone strength. (Source: Bone) Bone journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350314 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5350314