MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Brain Tumor Pathology' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 20:43:00 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660901&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq8r3nmj11x472318%2F Abstract  Meningiomas are common, typically benign intracranial neoplasms with well-demarcated borders. Meningiomas with indistinct boundaries have been reported. These can invade surrounding structures, and present surgical and diagnostic challenges. We present the case of an unusual meningioma in a 53-year-old male in which preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an irregular lesion with clear boundaries and peripheral rim enhancement. Intraoperatively, however, no cleavage plane was apparent. Histological examination showed an increase of fibroconnective tissue with proliferation of dilated vessels in the periphery of the tumor concordant with the rim. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor was positive for EMA and CD34, but negative for CEA, Ki67, and ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660901 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:12:00 +0100 5660901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650063&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F77581674p645g233%2F Abstract  A 23-year-old man presented with a mass in the pineal region and obstructive hydrocephalus. A neuroendoscopic biopsy for the lesion, ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting, and focal irradiation were conducted as initial treatment. Histological diagnosis of the biopsy specimen was germinoma. He underwent further irradiation and two tumor resections. Histological diagnosis was mature teratoma without a germinomatous component. After serial treatments, the intracranial lesion was controlled. However, 14 months after presentation, extraneural lesions were confirmed in the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneal space. The biopsy specimen of the retroperitoneal space lesion was histologically diagnosed as germinoma. Although chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposid... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650063 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:56:01 +0100 5650063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5584677&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu226j21310053546%2F We describe a case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma that was characterized by the presence of ganglion cells in a 40-year-old-male. Histologically, the tumor was mainly composed of classical oligodendroglioma cells. The most exceptional finding of this tumor was the presence of ganglion cells and intermediate-sized ganglioid cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that these cells were positive for Olig2 and negative for glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). Synaptophysin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) were mainly detected in the ganglion cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) revealed the deletion of the 1p and 19q chromosome arms in both the oligodendroglioma cells and ganglion cells. The R132H mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) protein wa... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5584677 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 06:42:07 +0100 5584677 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573065&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F91865v103r5162p9%2F We report a case of ependymoma with cartilaginous and osseous metaplasia in a 5-year-old boy. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of neoplastic ependymal tissue and mature cartilage and bone. Immunohistochemically, glial fibrillary acidic protein and epithelial membrane antigen were positive for ependymoma cells but negative for cartilage and bone. Recurrence occurred after 15-month follow-up. The patient deteriorated rapidly and died after 1 month. Reviewing 8 reported cases and our latest case, we found that 3 cases of ependymoma with cartilaginous metaplasia were treated with radiotherapy. Six cases had recurrence from 6 months to 8 years and 2 cases died on the day of operation. These findings suggest that ependymoma with cartilaginous metaplasia might have mor... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573065 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 16:49:44 +0100 5573065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573066&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fvx0309701n466p84%2F Abstract  Glioblastomas are highly vascular tumors. Recent preclinical and clinical investigations have revealed that agents targeting angiogenesis may have efficacy against this type of tumor. Antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor are being studied in this patient population. Unfortunately, treatment inevitably fails. This review provides an update on recent research on the mechanisms by which tumor cells acquire resistance, and discusses recent preclinical and experimental development of novel new-generation anti-angiogenic agents that overcome this problem, especially those based on the molecular mechanisms of tumor vessel formation. The tumor vasculature not only nourishes glioblastomas, but also provides a specialized microenvironment for tumor stem-like cel... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573066 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 06:52:53 +0100 5573066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573067&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc0755227708lj1kx%2F In this report, we present a case of a pineal region tumor causing acute hydrocephalus that could be pathologically diagnosed as AT/RT following prophylactic cranial irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0075-8Authors Atsushi Kuge, Department of Neurosurgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 JapanShinya Sato, Department of Neurosurgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 JapanKaori Sakurada, Department of Neurosurgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 JapanSunao Takemura, Department of Neurosurgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573067 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 06:52:52 +0100 5573067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573068&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq17jp730709600u6%2F This study introduces information regarding a bone xanthoma originating within the skull, together with a review of bone xanthoma literature. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0073-xAuthors Kenichiro Asano, Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Zaifu-cho 5, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, JapanJyunko Sato, Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Zaifu-cho 5, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, JapanNaoya Matsuda, Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Zaifu-cho 5, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, JapanHiroki Ohkuma, Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Zaifu-cho 5, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573068 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 06:58:34 +0100 5573068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553298&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fuq8154434g476246%2F We describe its occurrence in an unusual location in a 15-year-old boy who presented with raised intracranial pressure of short duration. Imaging showed a 3 × 3.2 × 3.5 cm mass in the pineal region extending into the quadrigeminal cistern. It had a contrast-enhancing solid component and a larger, ventrally located, peripherally enhancing cystic component. Total excision of the lesion was achieved via a modified left Poppen’s approach. Histopathology and immunochemistry were suggestive of a PXA. This is the first report in the pediatric literature describing a PXA in the pineal region. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0076-7Authors Sumit Thakar, Department of Neurosurgery, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Hig... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553298 Tue, 27 Dec 2011 17:04:01 +0100 5553298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553297&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F45p382473q578431%2F Abstract  An 18-year-old girl presented with a history of visual disturbance without headache, nausea, or vomiting in May 2010. In July 2010, the patient visited our hospital because of visual disturbance. Head magnetic resonance images revealed hydrocephalus caused by a ring-enhancing mass lesion located in the vermis. Total tumor removal was performed. Histological findings revealed that honeycomb cells resembling oligodendrocytes accounted for most parts of the tumor. Rosenthal fibers and hyaline droplets were seen in a small portion. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for GFAP and Olig2, but none of the tumor cells were immunoreactive for Symaptophysin, EMA, or IDH 1. according to these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as pilocytic astrocytoma with an abundant oligode... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553297 Tue, 27 Dec 2011 17:04:01 +0100 5553297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478000&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F55n3646547v4r8x2%2F We present the clinical course and genetic alterations in an infant with a congenital malignant glioma detected incidentally by ultrasonography at 36 weeks. The tumor occupied the right temporoparietal region, extended to the posterior fossa, and significantly compressed surrounding structures. The female infant was entirely normal without macrocrania, tense fontanel, or sucking difficulties. The tumor was subtotally resected by two-stage surgery; pathological diagnosis was anaplastic astrocytoma. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for p53 and negative for epidermal growth factor receptor. There was no O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter methylation, no 1p/19q loss of heterozygosity, and no isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation. She underwent p... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478000 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 18:08:00 +0100 5478000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5410457&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5735k15n85l63372%2F This study is a histological and clinical investigation of four cases of cerebellar glioblastoma, a rare tumor. The cases included three males and one female, from 33 to 67 years in age (mean 49 years). Tumor resection, postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy were performed in all cases. Two patients died of local tumor recurrence after 14 and 27 months. Another patient relapsed after 10 months; however, after additional tumor resection and second line chemotherapy, she remains disease-free 41 months after the initial treatment. The fourth patient has not relapsed in the 6 months since initial treatment. The histopathology of all cases was glioblastoma with pseudopalisading necrosis. However, low-grade glioma histopathology was found in three patients... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5410457 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 16:51:30 +0100 5410457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389915&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3kx278u250153167%2F We report a very unusual case of a composite high-grade glioma and rhabdoid tumor in an adult. A 22-year-old woman presented with scintillating scotoma due to a solid tumor with surrounding brain edema in the right occipital lobe. The tumor was grossly resected. Histological examinations showed that the tumor was mainly composed of INI1-positive high-grade glioma tissue containing an INI1-negative rhabdoid component. She received radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Three months after the surgery, she again complained of visual disturbances, and tumor recurrence within the resection cavity was noted. A second operation was performed. The findings of histological examinations of the surgical specimen obtained during the second surgery were completely different from those of the specime... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389915 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 16:52:13 +0100 5389915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338145&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1016231832510285%2F In this study, we aimed to explore the detailed expression of NGB in a rat astrocytoma cell line (C6) and human astrocytoma cell line (U251) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting, and to detect the expression of NGB in human astrocytoma tissues by an immunohistochemical method. We found that NGB was present in a rat astrocytoma cell line (C6), human astrocytoma cell line (U251), and human astrocytoma tissues. The expression and potential roles of NGB in astrocytomas may provide insight into the mechanisms of tumor cells to adapt and survive in hypoxic microenvironments and also represent a novel therapeutic approach to astrocytomas. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0066-9Aut... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338145 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 15:56:27 +0100 5338145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338146&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg16287v314p6085w%2F Abstract  Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a low-grade astrocytic tumor arising predominantly during the first two decades of life. Hemorrhagic onset of PAs is uncommon, and the etiology of hemorrhage remains unclear. Here we report a case of hemorrhagic onset of cerebellar PA in a 29-year-old man who presented with a week-long history of headache and gait instability. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hemorrhagic tumor located in the right cerebellar hemisphere, and total resection was performed. Histological examination showed bipolar glial cell proliferation in a biphasic pattern in a compact area and a loose microcystic area with Rosenthal fibers and eosinophilic granular bodies, indicating PA. Prominent changes in tumor vasculature, including a... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338146 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 15:56:26 +0100 5338146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338147&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy1274l35423379rw%2F We report a cased of a 68-year-old man with primary T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma (T/HRBCL) that arose in the trigeminal ganglion. He had a 30-year history of rheumatoid arthritis and presented with progressive left facial pain that had started 3 weeks earlier. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an enhanced mass in the trigeminal ganglion and swelling of the distal part of the trigeminal root. The tumor, subtotally resected via the left anterior petrosal approach, was composed of proliferating CD30- and CD79-positive atypical large polygonal cells with hyperchromatic single or multiple nuclei. CD3-positive small lymphoid cells and CD68-positive histiocytic cells were intermingled with the neoplastic cells. These findings were compatible with T/HRBCL. After whole-... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338147 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 15:56:25 +0100 5338147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298204&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx4502780v6633111%2F We present a case of choroid plexus papilloma with unusual histopathological findings. A 41-year-old Japanese man presented with dizziness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a distinct mass in the fourth ventricle. Histopathological examination showed proliferation of cuboidal cells forming irregular trabeculae, small nests, and pseudoglandular and indistinct papillary structures, accompanied by a variable degree of stromal sclerosis. The tissue sections also showed rare mitotic activity, no hypercellularity, cellular pleomorphism, or necrosis. The immunohistochemical findings were tumor cells positive for cytokeratin 7, vimentin, S-100 protein, and transthyretin but negative for cytokeratin 20, BerEP4 and carcinoembryonic antigen. These findings were consistent with choro... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298204 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 05:52:15 +0100 5298204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5252097&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fdn4rm07507740v30%2F Abstract  The patient was a 72-year-old woman who had previously undergone treatment for femoral chondrosarcoma (histologically rated as myxofibrosarcoma). She suddenly developed left homonymous hemianopsia and was diagnosed with cerebral embolism. Because she had atrial fibrillation, we treated her for cardiogenic cerebral embolism. About 3 months later, however, she developed left hemiplegia, and head magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple tumorous lesions affecting the previously detected infracted area and several new areas. We assumed that a tumor embolus had caused cerebral embolism, which resulted in growth of the tumor from the embolus and formation of a metastatic brain tumor. The metastatic foci formed from the tumor embolus were visualized by diagnosti... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5252097 Wed, 21 Sep 2011 05:55:27 +0100 5252097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228100&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq26747v643712087%2F We present a case involving a 56-year-old immunocompetent woman who complained of rapid deterioration of her higher brain function over a 4-month period. Magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive white-matter lesions. During brain biopsy, a diffusely infiltrating lymphoma with distinctive immunohistochemical features was detected. Awareness of this unique presentation and early tissue diagnosis provide the best hope for instituting appropriate treatments. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0064-yAuthors Ryuhei Kitai, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, JapanNorichika Hashimoto, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, JapanKouji Yamate, Depa... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228100 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 16:43:53 +0100 5228100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228101&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe25v620714155108%2F We report an unusual case of neurohypophyseal germinoma with abundant fibrous tissue and clival invasion that was initially misdiagnosed as lymphocytic hypophysitis. A 40-year-old woman presented with diabetes insipidus and panhypopituitarism after delivering her second son and which lasted for 4 years. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the intrasellar mass extending to the suprasellar region with enlarged pituitary stalk. The mass was heterogeneously enhanced and invaded the clivus. Biopsy of the intrasellar mass was performed via the trans-sphenoidal route, and histological examination revealed marked fibrous tissue and infiltration of lymphocytes, with no evidence of tumor cells. Lymphocytic hypophysitis was the initial diagnosis, and corticosteroid therapy was begun. Despite... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228101 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 05:45:22 +0100 5228101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198469&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc0826446u7504160%2F Abstract  Angiocentric glioma (AG) has been formally codified in the revised 2007 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. AGs characteristically exhibit mixed features of ependymal and diffuse astrocytic differentiation and low proliferation rates, with Ki-67 labeling indices ranging from less than 1 to 5%. A single case with anaplastic recurrence and a labeling index of 10% has been reported. In the present study, we report a series of three AGs (Case 1: 4-year-old girl at right frontal lobe; Case 2: 4-year-old boy at left frontal lobe; Case 3: 9-year-old boy at right temporal lobe). Case 1 with elevated proliferation index (~10%) and increased mitotic activity (six mitoses per 10 high-power fields) on phospho-histone H3 (pHH3) immunostain at presentat... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198469 Sun, 04 Sep 2011 10:46:19 +0100 5198469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5164397&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv1g0433363665551%2F We report a series of rare and unique presentation of microcystic meningioma in three elderly women aged 76 (case 1), 72 (case 2), and 76 (case 3) years, respectively. The first patient presented with a 3-year history of vertigo and past history of carotid artery stenosis, hypertension, and hypothyroidism. The second patient presented with headache and an acute episode of weakness in her legs. The third patient presented with headache, vomiting, and confusion. Magnetic resonance imaging for these three cases showed a cystic lesion with an enhancing mural nodule in the right frontal lobe. The preoperative differential diagnoses included hemangioblastoma and well-circumscribed gliomas for the first two cases. Glioblastoma and metastatic tumor were the working diagnoses for the thi... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5164397 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 15:53:31 +0100 5164397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5127743&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft5721m35493x4657%2F Abstract  Intratumoral hemorrhage of hypoglossal schwannoma is very rare. A 37-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with severe headache and gait disturbance. Radiologic examination revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage and a well-circumscribed enhanced lesion compressing the medulla oblongata. Gross total removal of the intracranial tumor was performed. Histopathological examination revealed the characteristic features of a schwannoma. The tumor had several hemorrhagic areas and numerous hyalinized blood vessels. Although the mechanism of hemorrhage from schwannomas is unclear, it is hypothesized that tumor vessels showing focal sinusoidal dilatation and hyaline thickening of the walls lead to spontaneous thrombosis with consequent necrosis, and often hemorrhage. Cont... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5127743 Fri, 12 Aug 2011 06:17:08 +0100 5127743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5127742&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3204xpk302215405%2F In conclusion, the current results showed convincing evidence that the overexpression of Jab1, cytoplasmic p27, and pSer10p27 proteins is correlated with poor outcome in patients with glioma and that these three proteins may be useful markers to predict the prognosis of this tumor. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0061-1Authors Shi-ming He, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Functional Neurosurgery P.L.A, TangDu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038 Xi’an, People’s Republic of ChinaZhen-wei Zhao, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Functional Neurosurgery P.L.A, TangDu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038 Xi’an, People’s Republic of ChinaYuan Wang, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Functional Ne... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5127742 Fri, 12 Aug 2011 06:17:08 +0100 5127742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5127741&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu643466n24w4u80w%2F We report an additional case of intracranial MPE, which is the third reported case in the fourth ventricle. The tumor manifested in a 50-year-old lady, who presented with features of raised intracranial pressure. A gross total resection of the tumor was achieved. Histologically, the tumor had characteristic features of MPE with focal metaplastic cartilaginous deposit. On further evaluation, there was no evidence of a primary tumor in the spinal cord. Intracranial MPE needs further evaluation by craniospinal MRI to exclude an unrecognized primary in the spinal region, which could warrant surgical attention. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0059-8Authors Shrijeet Chakraborti, Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosci... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5127741 Fri, 12 Aug 2011 06:17:08 +0100 5127741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5071920&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7973311q3x211230%2F Abstract  Preoperative embolization (POE) of meningiomas is widely used to facilitate surgical removal and to reduce intraoperative blood loss. The resulting necrosis and enhanced proliferation have been reported to affect subsequent histologic grading. However, there was little concern about ischemic features, for example small cells resembling atypical meningiomas, cytoplasmic vacuoles resembling clear cell meningioma, intercellular discohesion resembling rhabdoid meningioma, and perivascular cuffs resembling papillary meningioma. Therefore, the extent of these ischemic features was scored and Ki-67 staining indices were investigated in a POE group composed of 29 specimens of meningiomas treated with POE and compared with equivalent results for a non-POE group composed of... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5071920 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 15:45:37 +0100 5071920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058655&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft0811555k1374t18%2F Abstract  Here we report a metastatic brain carcinosarcoma from the uterus that posed a problem on diagnosis by containing an extensive gliomatous component. A 56-year woman developed motor aphasia 3 months after hysterectomy for a uterine tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a left frontal cystic tumor, which was treated by stereotactic radiosurgery. The lesion recurred 5 months later and was resected. Histological examination demonstrated neoplastic cells that were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), leading to the diagnosis of high-grade glioma. This lesion recurred again after 9 months, and was resected again. The tumor tissue mostly consisted of GFAP-positive gliomatous cells, but close examination identified a sarcomatous... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058655 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 18:16:56 +0100 5058655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058656&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Faq82g28g5586186j%2F We present, to our knowledge, the first report of a grade II oligodendroglioma isolated within the corpus callosum with the characteristic molecular features of this tumor type. Histopathologic diagnosis is essential to appropriately guide therapy of callosal tumors. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0054-0Authors Edward A. Monaco, Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Presbyterian, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Suite B-400, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USAHenry B. Armah, Harper Hospital Pathology, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USAMarina N. Nikiforova, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USARonald L. Hamilton, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, P... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058656 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 18:16:55 +0100 5058656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058657&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frq236354166733v7%2F We report the case of a 72-year-old man with right circumorbital pain and right oculomotor nerve dysfunction because of a mass in the right cavernous sinus. It was removed via a transsphenoidal approach and histological examination revealed the mass was a cavernous hemangioma containing atypical large B cells in some sinusoidal vessels; no other evidence of lymphoma was detected on 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron-emission tomography or bone marrow biopsy. The patient underwent gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) of the right cavernous sinus, but no systemic chemotherapy was administered. Although good local control was achieved, the patient developed a systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) 1.5 years after the GKS. The atypical lymphocytes of the cavernous hemangioma ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058657 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 18:16:54 +0100 5058657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058659&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg393411u87875832%2F We describe an SCO in an adult, a 42-year-old woman whose magnetic resonance (MR) images documented an intrasellar lesion located in the hypophysis. Histopathological examination showed a tumor composed predominantly of spindle cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed positivity for vimentin, S10, EMA, and antimitochondrial antibody MU213-UC clone 131. Cytokeratin (CK) (AE1/AE3), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), chromogranin, synaptophysin, PGP9.5, CD57, desmin, D2-40, smooth muscle actin (SMA), Bcl-2, progesterone receptor, and CD34 were negative. Neuropeptides were negative. With electron microscopy, the neoplastic cells appear filled with mitochondria, well-formed desmosomes, but lacked secretory granules. SPO is a rare non-endocrine neoplasm of the adenohypophysis with be... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058659 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 18:16:53 +0100 5058659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058658&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq72l31021754j6g1%2F Abstract  A case of anaplastic ependymoma of the cerebral hemisphere in which the histopathological features closely simulated those of glioblastoma is reported. The patient was a 72-year-old woman with a large, well-demarcated tumor in the left temporal lobe. The tumor was totally extirpated, but recurred 18 months later, and the patient died after 4 months. The extirpated tumor was well circumscribed from the surrounding brain tissue and consisted of a sheet-like, dense proliferation of atypical, short spindle or polygonal cells. Extensive geographic necrosis with nuclear pseudopalisading was seen. Although perivascular pseudorosettes were observed in many areas, true ependymal rosettes were absent. Immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein and ep... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058658 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 18:16:53 +0100 5058658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5031884&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb7110tw6w1pr0281%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0049-xAuthors Masahiro Mizoguchi, Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 JapanDaisuke Kuga, Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 JapanYanlei Guan, Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 JapanNobuhiro Hata, Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 JapanAkira Nakamizo, Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higa... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5031884 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 06:16:42 +0100 5031884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012712&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff7t135472p861g45%2F Abstract  In glioma, mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) genes have been receiving attention. IDH1/2 mutations are frequently found in grade II and III gliomas. These genetic alterations occur very early in gliomagenesis and strongly predict favorable outcome in patients with high-grade gliomas. Despite the evolution of studies on this topic, the underlying mechanism of the IDH1/2 mutations remains unknown. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge of IDH1/2 and discuss molecular diagnostics based on IDH1/2 gene status. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0050-4Authors Ichiyo Shibahara, Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 JapanYukihiko Sonoda, Depar... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012712 Thu, 07 Jul 2011 05:45:01 +0100 5012712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994571&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv7314hj35m27h376%2F Abstract  Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma (LPRM), the most rare variant of meningiomas, features extensive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. Although the jugular foramen (JF) is occasionally involved by several types of tumor, such as paragangliomas and schwannomas, meningioma in the JF is an infrequent disease. Here we present an extremely rare case of LPRM found in the JF. A 55-year-old woman complained of paresis in her right eyelid and palsy in the right side of her lip. Hoarseness and dysphagia also occurred in the following month. Radiologic examinations disclosed a mass lesion in the right JF, and the tumor was operatively removed. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of extensive lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with mild vascular proliferation and scattered sheets o... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994571 Fri, 01 Jul 2011 17:42:23 +0100 4994571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994572&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F481ju00741408725%2F We present a case of a 40-year-old woman with ganglioglioma consisting mostly of oligodendroglial components. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-demarcated cystic lesion with slight perifocal edema in the right parietal lobe. The wall of the cyst was not enhanced after administration of Gd-DTPA contrast media. The mass was totally resected. Histological examination showed a mixture of two distinct components: oligodendroglioma and dysplastic ganglions. The first component was diffusely proliferated cells with round nuclei and perinuclear halo; the second showed marked nucleoli and basophilic cytoplasm containing Nissl bodies. Immunohistochemical study of the oligodendroglial component was positive for OLIG 2 and NKX2.2 but negative for synaptophysin. In addition, LOH of 1p/19q... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994572 Fri, 01 Jul 2011 17:42:22 +0100 4994572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4963477&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk3140254584l7925%2F In this study, we quantified RNA expression levels of stem cell markers [CD133, Nestin, BMI-1, maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), and Notch1–4] as well as RTKs (EGFR, ErbB4, VEGFR1-3, FGFR1, -2, PDGFRΑ, and PDGFRΒ) in 42 clinical samples of glioblastoma by the real-time RT-PCR method. We demonstrated that the expression of MELK is exclusively upregulated in glioblastoma tissue. Notch receptor expression is moderately upregulated and is correlated with that of VEGFR2, VEGFR3, and PDGFRβ. Unsupervised clustering identified one unique sample group that showed high expression of most of the genes analyzed. Our results suggest that quantification of these stem cell markers and RTK genes can stratify patients based on the expression profile, which might provide insight i... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4963477 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 16:42:22 +0100 4963477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4947403&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8g42761g04781675%2F We report here a case of meningioangiomatosis-associated meningioma misdiagnosed as glioma by preoperative radiologic and intraoperative histological examinations. A 50-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of headache and dizziness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a round left temporal mass located cortically with hypointensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. In the intraoperative histological examination, a diagnosis of glioma was made based on high cellularity and large tumor cells with nuclear atypia. However, postoperative histological diagnosis of the lesion was meningioangiomatosis-associated meningioma corresponding to World Health Organization (WHO) grade I. A part of the cortical lesion showed the histological features of meningi... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4947403 Fri, 17 Jun 2011 11:57:10 +0100 4947403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4947404&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyq687r92kk862612%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0044-2Authors Toshihiko Kuroiwa, Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan Journal Brain Tumor PathologyOnline ISSN 1861-387XPrint ISSN 1433-7398 (Source: Brain Tumor Pathology) Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4947404 Fri, 17 Jun 2011 11:57:08 +0100 4947404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915492&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F01335w66253787v8%2F We describe a 19-year-old woman with onset of epileptic seizure, and a small mural nodule and multicystic lesions with severe brain edema located in the right frontal lobe. At surgery, the tumor and a clear margin was removed, and symptoms improved postoperatively. Extended local radiotherapy (60 Gy) was performed. Histopathological examination revealed oligodendroglioma-like tumor cells with a perinuclear halo. The tumor cells extended processes toward CD34-positive proliferating vessels, which resemble a basement membrane. These proliferating vessels formed a tumor membrane so that there was a clear margin between the tumor and brain tissue. Tumor cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen in a dot-like pattern. MIB-1 staining index was 50.6%. Electron microscopy show... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915492 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 05:52:49 +0100 4915492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915494&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff357q544021531l1%2F We report a right cerebellopontine angle (CPA) endodermal cyst in a 56-year-old man who presented with a 6-month history of right-sided hemifacial spasm. Computed tomography revealed a homogenous, well-demarcated, hyperdense lesion extending from prepontine cistern to right CPA. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a right CPA extra-axial cystic lesion protruding into Meckel’s cave, with compression of cranial nerves VII and VIII. Light brown, creamy cystic content was totally removed, and the thin cyst wall surrounding cranial nerves VII and VIII and the right vertebral artery was subtotally removed through the right lateral suboccipital approach. On microscopic examination, the cyst wall was composed of mono- to multilayered stratified epithelia, which were lined by ciliated o... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915494 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 05:52:48 +0100 4915494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915493&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpp2817404u760r00%2F We describe the detailed histopathological and immunohistochemical profiles of six cases of spinal glioblastoma. Most of the tumors were located in the cervical or cervicothoracic region. The majority of the patients were young adults (mean age 34.8 years), presenting with a short duration of symptoms of 2 months or less. Their histopathological features were similar to cerebral glioblastoma. Diverse vascular changes like microvascular proliferation, sprouting angiogenesis, sclerosed and thrombosed vessels, along with field necrosis were prominent findings. All tumors were positive for GFAP and negative for EMA. The MIB-1 labeling index was very high (mean 16.7 ± 3.2%). Five out of six tumors were immunoreactive for p53 protein, and only two showed over-expression of EGFR ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915493 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 05:52:48 +0100 4915493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4896798&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg813570h56646lk1%2F Abstract  Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastomas, patient outcomes for these highly malignant tumors remain poor. Research into the molecular pathology of glioblastoma has uncovered various genetic changes that contribute to malignancy. Some of the identified molecular markers—such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 1p/19q and chromosome 10, O6-methylguanine methyltransferase promoter hypermethylation, and mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1—may help to predict patient outcomes. Indeed, LOH analysis is an effective approach to classify malignant gliomas. Genome-wide analyses have revealed that the extent and pattern of LOH regions may have important implications for the clinical course of the disease. As the genetic underpi... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4896798 Wed, 01 Jun 2011 05:50:30 +0100 4896798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4896799&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp651037185138821%2F Abstract  The genetic and clinical features of glioblastoma with an oligodendroglial component (GBMO), pathologically defined as anaplastic oligo-astrocytoma with necrosis, remain unclear. We investigated the correlation between genetic alterations and clinical outcomes in 19 GBMO patients we have encountered since 1997. Using single nucleotide polymorphism oligonucleotide genomic (SNP) microarrays, we analyzed gene amplification, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and homozygous deletions in their whole genome. We also analyzed their overall survival (OS). Pathological studies revealed the presence of calcification in 11 and of a cyst in 9 of the 19 patients. Whole-genome analysis using SNP microarrays revealed LOH of chromosome 10 in 11, EGFR amplification in 8, 9p21 (INK4 loc... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4896799 Wed, 01 Jun 2011 05:50:29 +0100 4896799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4896800&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe2776l514462411w%2F We report a case of PTPR, and undertake a literature review of this rare neuroepithelial neoplasm. Patients with PTPR need long-term follow up, and new cases should be well documented so that we can gain a better understanding of this neoplasm. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0040-6Authors Gerival Vieira Júnior, Neurosurgery Division of the Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilMarcos Dellaretti, Neurosurgery Division of the Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilGervásio Teles Cardoso de Carvalho, Neurosurgery Division of the Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilRafael Augusto Castro Santiago Brandão, Neurosurgery Division of the Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilArnoldo Maf... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4896800 Wed, 01 Jun 2011 05:50:27 +0100 4896800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4896801&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8024051215531021%2F In this study, we found that miR-21 expression was upregulated in response to ionizing radiation (IR) in U251 cells, which suggested that miR-21 could be involved in the response of U251 cells to radiation. We showed that a miR-21 inhibitor enhanced IR-induced glioblastoma cell growth arrest and increased the level of apoptosis, which was probably caused by abrogation of the G2-M arrest induced by IR. Further research demonstrated that the miR-21 inhibitor induced the upregulation of Cdc25A. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-21 inhibitor can increase IR-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in U251 glioblastoma cells, at least in part by abrogating G2-M arrest, and that Cdc25A is a potential target of miR-21. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10014-011... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4896801 Thu, 26 May 2011 16:12:05 +0100 4896801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4823271&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu6687234t8354988%2F We report a unique case of mixed glioneuronal tumor with marked lipomatous changes in a young patient with intractable epilepsy. MRI revealed a well-circumscribed lesion in the right temporal lobe. Histopathological findings showed the pleomorphic tumor with numerous cells containing large lipid droplets, resembling mature adipocytes, that were arranged in clusters or scattered within the neoplastic tissue. The tumor was composed of both glial and neuronal elements. Some tumor cells displayed features intermediate between glial and neuronal cells. The reticulin fibers were limited to blood vessels. Mitotic figures, vascular proliferation, and necrosis were absent, and MIB-1 labeling index was less than 1%. Diffuse immunoreactivity for GFAP and S100-protein was observed. In some heavi... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4823271 Wed, 11 May 2011 15:47:09 +0100 4823271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4823272&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj3g6h504qr295881%2F We report a rare case of an extraaxial neurocytoma in the sphenocavernous-petroclival region that was successfully treated by radiation therapy following partial removal and pathological evaluation of the tumor. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0035-3Authors Satoka Shidoh, Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 JapanKazunari Yoshida, Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 JapanKatsuya Saitoh, Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 JapanTokuhiro Kimura, Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 JapanYuichiro Hayas... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4823272 Wed, 11 May 2011 15:47:07 +0100 4823272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784104&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyp5782212534121k%2F We report the eighth case that provides neurologists, radiologists, and pathologists with various implications. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0034-4Authors Songmi Noh, Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 KoreaDong-Seok Kim, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 KoreaJinna Kim, Department of Radiology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 KoreaSe Hoon Kim, Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Korea Journal Brain Tumor PathologyOnline ISSN 1861-387XPrint ISSN 1433-7398 (So... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784104 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 16:26:31 +0100 4784104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4694338&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F881nx8u30278101r%2F We describe a rare case of multinodular cerebral neuroepithelial tumor with ependymal differentiation. A 65-year-old man experienced loss of consciousness with an obscure episode of seizure attack. Magnetic resonance images disclosed a lesion located in the left temporal lobe and the insular cortex. The tumor was partially removed. Histologically, the tumor showed infiltrating multinodular tumor nodules in the cerebrum. Each nodule was well demarcated and composed of clear cells with perinuclear halos, intermingled fibrillary cells, and poorly differentiated neuroepithelial cells with mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically, clear cells showed dot-like positivity for epithelial membrane antigen. Fibrillary cells were positive for vimentin and nestin, whereas only a few glial fibrilla... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4694338 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 17:11:00 +0100 4694338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4672514&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcmp4082mt477r38l%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0028-2Authors Shingo Takano, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, JapanWei Tian, Molecular Tumor Marker Research Team, The Oncology Research Center, Advanced Molecular Epidemiology Research Institute, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 JapanMasahide Matsuda, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, JapanTetsuya Yamamoto, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, JapanEiichi Ishikawa, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clin... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4672514 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 17:38:50 +0100 4672514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4646188&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F617j32101xlr2n17%2F Abstract  Low-grade diffuse gliomas WHO grade II (diffuse astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma, oligodendroglioma) are characterized by frequent IDH1/2 mutations (>80%) that occur at a very early stage. In addition, the majority of diffuse astrocytomas (about 60%) carry TP53 mutations, which constitute a prognostic marker for shorter survival. Oligodendrogliomas show frequent loss at 1p/19q (about 70% of cases), which is associated with longer survival. With respect to clinical outcome, molecular classification on the basis of IDH1/2 mutations, TP53 mutations, and 1p/19q loss showed a predictive power similar to histological classification. IDH1/2 mutations are frequent (>80%) in secondary glioblastomas that have progressed from low-grade or anaplastic astrocytomas. Primary (d... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4646188 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 18:50:34 +0100 4646188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4646191&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flw4730m543176684%2F Abstract  Monofocal acute inflammatory demyelination (MAID), which is observable by CT and MRI as a well-enhanced mass lesion with prominent perifocal edema, is very similar to malignant gliomas radiologically, making differential diagnosis of the two pathologies difficult. The aim of this study was to assess the different metabolic activities between MAID and malignant gliomas by MRS, methionine-PET, choline-PET, and FDG-PET. Six patients with MAID underwent methionine, choline, and FDG-PET, and 4 of the patients also underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The images obtained from these patients were compared with the corresponding images of 19 anaplastic astrocytomas (AA) and 21 glioblastomas (GBM). The mean choline/creatine ratio of MAID was significantly lower... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4646191 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 18:50:32 +0100 4646191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4646190&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl48v7nk1752m8644%2F We report a 38-year-old man with CPC in the lateral ventricle with obstructive hydrocephalus. Because of the poor demarcation between thalamus and fornix, subtotal tumor resection was performed. Postoperative spine magnetic resonance (MR) image revealed whole spinal axis dissemination. After diagnosis of CPC, the patient was treated with whole ventricular and spine radiation concomitant with temozolomide chemotherapy, although the O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter was found to be unmethylated. Although MR images revealed transient stable disease during adjuvant therapy, tumor progression was depicted after four cycles of temozolomide therapy. We discuss the ineffectiveness of adjuvant temozolomide therapy for CPC in connection with O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyl... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4646190 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 18:50:32 +0100 4646190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4646189&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5j24425154u4j033%2F Abstract  Candidate genes involved in metastasis to the brain require investigation. In the present study, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene was analyzed in a set of human brain metastases. Gross deletions of the APC gene were tested by polymerase chain reaction/loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method performed by the use of MspI and RsaI genetic markers inside exon 15 and exon 11. Among 21 brain metastases analyzed, 58.8% of samples showed LOH of the APC gene. When assigning the genetic changes to a specific primary tumor type, 6 LOHs were found in metastases originated from lung and 4 LOHs in metastases from colon. The main effector of the wnt signaling, beta-catenin, was upregulated in 42.9% of cases and transferred to... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4646189 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 18:50:32 +0100 4646189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4646192&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb3652j81m3742286%2F We report a case of a cerebellar tumor consisting of a mixed germ cell tumor (GCT) and a hemangioblastoma. A 22-year-old man presented with myoclonus and cerebellar ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor mass in the left cerebellar hemisphere. The tumor was totally removed, and the histological diagnosis was an undetermined neoplasm. Ten months later, the patient returned with cerebellar hemorrhage at the site of the previous tumor. An emergency craniotomy was performed, and a tumor mass adjacent to the hematoma was resected. Microscopic examination revealed a mixed GCT consisting of a germinoma, choriocarcinoma, and mature teratomatous component. An area of hemangioblastoma was also found in the same tumor mass. A retrospective examination of the histological sample from ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4646192 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 18:50:30 +0100 4646192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4617846&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F752845m4315544v4%2F Abstract  Immunohistochemical staining is important for histological diagnosis of brain tumors; however, its intraoperative application has rarely been reported. Herein, we describe our methods and four successfully diagnosed cases. Between January 2008 and April 2010, intraoperative immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 43 patients undergoing brain tumor surgery at our institute. The time for rapid histological diagnosis was 70 min. MIB-1 immunostaining was performed; staining index (SI) was 0.8–76.2% (median, 2.5%) in rapid diagnoses and 0.6–83.9% (median, 7.7%) in permanent diagnoses. There was no discrepancy in low- or high-grade tumors between intraoperative and final pathological diagnosis. The antibodies used for staining were MIB-1 in all cases, L26... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4617846 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 18:34:25 +0100 4617846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4578809&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe8r717411w703k80%2F Abstract  The WHO classifications of tumors are the global standards of tumor diagnosis. In spite of the detailed descriptions of the histopathological features of tumors in the classifications, tumors may be difficult to diagnose or the diagnosis can be improper. One of the reasons is that the diagnostic criteria have indeterminacy. In this article, we clarify this indeterminacy and discuss the diagnostic problems associated with indeterminacy. Indeterminacy of the histopathological features is classified according to the following three points: specificity, constancy, and exclusiveness. We consider an oblique (ambiguous description), variable (not always present), or duplicative feature as an indeterminate feature. Under indeterminacy, pathologists make their diagnosis on... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4578809 Fri, 11 Mar 2011 06:51:59 +0100 4578809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4576170&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F47710028p1771874%2F Abstract  The aim of this study was to summarize the clinicopathological features and the histological diversity of choroid plexus tumors and to examine the expression of immunohistochemical markers that are useful for their differentiation from metastatic cancer. Twenty cases were collected, including 11 choroid plexus papillomas, 5 choroid plexus adenomas, 1 atypical choroid plexus papilloma, and 3 choroid plexus carcinomas. The choroid plexus papillomas showed various parenchymal and stromal changes: focal solid growth, oncocytic alterations, melanin deposition, calcification, ossification, and xanthogranulomatous reactions. The choroid plexus tumors showed the following cytokeratin (CK) 7 and 20 staining patterns: CK7(+)/CK20(+) (11/19 cases), CK7(+)/CK20(−) (7/19 cas... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4576170 Thu, 10 Mar 2011 17:15:34 +0100 4576170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537362&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp432n021g2752hgw%2F In conclusion, the anti-IDH1-R132H-specific monoclonal antibody IMab-1 is very useful for detecting IDH1-R132H in immunohistochemistry, and predicting the time to progression in grade III anaplastic astrocytomas. Therefore, IMab-1 is likely to be useful for the diagnosis of mutation-bearing gliomas and for determining the treatment strategy of grade III gliomas. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s10014-011-0023-7Authors Shingo Takano, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, JapanWei Tian, Molecular Tumor Marker Research Team, The Oncology Research Center, Advanced Molecular Epidemiology Research Institute, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 JapanMasahide Matsuda, Department of N... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537362 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:08:16 +0100 4537362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498946&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg8113502u2012888%2F Abstract  Malignant gliomas are characterized by their invasiveness and angiogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade extracellular matrix and create a more permissive environment for cell invasion. We aimed to investigate for the presence of inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity in MMP-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by means of quantitative analysis and to evaluate its prognostic impact in glioma patients. Representative sections from the center and periphery of tumors resected en bloc were taken fresh for study, stained with hematoxylin/eosin for histological evaluation, and immunohistochemically analyzed for Ki-67. MMP-2 mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). There was MMP-2 expression in all analy... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498946 Fri, 18 Feb 2011 06:50:07 +0100 4498946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498948&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp864735530xj34m4%2F Abstract  Expression of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene has been shown to correlate with clinical outcomes in patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated with alkylating agents. We evaluated MGMT protein expression in 53 primary glioblastomas by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) and analyzed the correlation between results of immunostaining and patient outcomes. There were 28 MGMT-immunopositive and 25 negative glioblastomas. Patients with MGMT-immunonegative glioblastomas showed significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.0032), but no statistically significant benefits on overall survival (OS) (P = 0.0825) were shown. In 41 glioblastomas treated with temozolomide (TMZ) therapy (MGMT-immunopositive: n = 22, ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498948 Fri, 18 Feb 2011 06:50:05 +0100 4498948 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4498947&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy8722235537pm815%2F Abstract   Zygote arrest 1 (ZAR1) is a novel maternal-effect gene of crucial importance during the oocyte-to-embryo transition. Comprehensive methylation analysis of tumor-specific differently methylated regions in human malignant melanomas has recently led to the identification of non-promoter hypermethylation of the ZAR1 gene that had never been identified as an aberrant methylated region in any human tumor. Notably, ZAR1 hypermethylation was frequently observed in melanomas but was absent in benign nevi, and ZAR1 expression was found to be up-regulated in methylated tumors. These findings prompted us to screen for ZAR1 non-promoter methylation in various types of human brain tumors using MassARRAY EpiTYPER. Strikingly, hypermethylation of ZAR1 was observed frequently in d... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4498947 Fri, 18 Feb 2011 06:50:05 +0100 4498947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4491712&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F287v647263878674%2F Abstract  The frequency and clinical features of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in elderly patients were investigated in this study. Thirty-three PCNSL cases were enrolled in the retrospective study. Biopsies were performed, and tissue was embedded in paraffin and sectioned. In-situ hybridization of EBV-encoded small RNAs was then conducted. Specimens were scored as having one of three possible results: negative (no EBV-positive cells), slightly positive (<50% EBV-positive cells), and strongly positive (>50% EBV-positive cells). Fifteen cases were negative for EBV expression. Sixteen cases were slightly positive, and two cases (68 and 79 years of age) were strongly positive. The incidence of strongly positive... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4491712 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 07:01:52 +0100 4491712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4467335&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F75448748681681r7%2F Abstract  A 42-year-old woman had suffered from headaches since April 2009. Computed tomography revealed a tumor with marked calcification in the left frontal lobe adjacent to the left anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-enhanced tumor at the lesion. Dynamic methionine positron emission tomography showed no delayed methionine attenuation. Initial preoperative diagnosis was extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN). However, oligodendroglioma was determined upon a second diagnosis. The patient underwent total tumor removal. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed the characteristic fried egg-like cells, round nuclei, and immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4467335 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 19:58:56 +0100 4467335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4440056&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyr14047167834552%2F Abstract  Neoangiogenesis has been correlated to biological aggressiveness and an adverse clinical course of several neoplasias. Its prognostic role in meningiomas appears to be controversial. Nonetheless, if adequately quantified with specific markers and appropriate scoring methods, angiogenesis seems to be significantly associated with a high growth fraction, development of recurrences and shorter overall survival of meningiomas. As a consequence, neoangiogenesis may represent a target for therapies aimed at reducing the growth of inoperable meningiomas or recurrence risk of totally resected tumors. Even more significantly, the identification of the factors that mediate angiogenesis in meningiomas could help us to determine appropriate novel anti-angiogenic therapies for... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4440056 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 22:03:54 +0100 4440056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4440057&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa8254755655l0551%2F Abstract  Intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) typically affect children and adolescents. We here report on a 59-year-old male patient presenting with diplopia, polydipsia and polyuria. On clinical examination, slight restriction of the upward gaze was seen on the left side. Computed tomography demonstrated calcifications in the pineal region and enhanced neurohypophysis. Magnetic resonance imaging displayed a heterogeneous pineal mass of 3-cm diameter, which was multicystic with an enhanced cyst wall, and also swelling of the pituitary stalk. The pineal lesion of the tumor, which included calcifications and keratinaceous components, was totally excised using an occipital transtentorial approach. Histopathological examination showed it to be a mixed GCT with germinoma and m... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4440057 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 07:06:02 +0100 4440057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4430230&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq36u6g1343007704%2F Abstract  There is now compelling evidence that gliomas harbor a small population of cells, termed glioma-initiating cells (GICs), characterized by their ability to undergo self-renewal and initiate tumorigenesis. The development of therapeutic strategies targeted toward GIC signaling may improve the treatment of malignant gliomas. The characterization of GICs provides a clue to elucidating histological heterogeneity and treatment failure. The role of the stem cell marker CD133 in the initiation and progression of brain tumors is still uncertain. Here, we review some of the signaling mechanisms involved in GIC biology, such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), sonic hedgehog, Notch, and WNT signaling pathways, maternal embryonic leucine-zipper kinase (MELK), BMI1, and ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4430230 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 17:40:33 +0100 4430230 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4383934&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1601745737563675%2F Abstract  Recent reports have suggested an important clinical role for hypermethylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter in patients with glioblastomas. Whether MGMT protein expression is correlated with promoter hypermethylation and patient outcomes, however, has not been elucidated. Here we describe a quantitative digital method for assessment of MGMT-specific immunostaining, and analyze the relationship between expression levels and methylation status of the MGMT promoter. We investigated 46 tumors from patients who received a diagnosis of glioblastoma or gliosarcoma. Immunohistochemistry with anti-MGMT antibody and methylation-specific PCR using bisulfite-modified tumor DNA were performed. The digital assessment method used image-analysis sof... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4383934 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 13:43:01 +0100 4383934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4339916&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl21043r0k7m2175x%2F Abstract  Although the histogenesis of meningiomas remains unclear, it is believed that arachnoid cells are the most likely origin of this type of neoplasm. Further, little attention has been paid to the histopathology of spinal meningiomas arising from the arachnoid villi. We came across a case of spinal meningioma that was locally attached to the arachnoid membrane. The associated arachnoid villi were investigated by light microscopy and immunohistochemical analysis. We confirmed the presence of tumor cells under the fibrous capsule that forms the outer component of the arachnoid villi. Tumor cells grew out from the apical portion of the arachnoid villi. Furthermore, immunohistochemical study suggested that arachnoid cells made the transition to tumor cells on the arachno... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4339916 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 15:52:36 +0100 4339916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4327992&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa7812p4155r54838%2F Abstract  Despite advances in surgical and medical therapy, glioblastoma consistently remains a fatal disease. Over the last 20 years, no significant increase in survival has been achieved for patients with this disease. The formation of abnormal tumor vasculature and glioma cell invasion along white matter tracts are believed to be the major factors responsible for the resistance of these tumors to treatment. Therefore, investigation of angiogenesis and invasion in glioblastoma is essential for the development of a curative therapy. In our report, we first reviewed certain histopathological studies that focus on angiogenesis and invasion of human malignant gliomas. Second, we considered several animal models of glioma available for studying angiogenesis and invasion, ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4327992 Fri, 07 Jan 2011 14:51:25 +0100 4327992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4325274&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn72t6221m50r3x04%2F Abstract  Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations are common in grade II–III diffuse gliomas and secondary glioblastomas. The aim of this study is to investigate the staining pattern of mIDH1R132H, an antibody specific to mutant IDH1 protein, in primary brain tumors and non-neoplastic systemic organs. Eight of 13 diffuse astrocytomas, 1 of 6 anaplastic astrocytomas, 9 of 11 oligodendrogliomas, 15 of 22 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 6 of 7 oligoastrocytomas, and 5 of 8 anaplastic oligoastrocytomas showed both cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity. Two of 25 atypical meningiomas and 2 of 42 pituitary adenomas were positive for mIDH1R132H. The following non-neoplastic systemic organs showed positivity in the cytoplasm alone: the myocardium, peribronchial glands, interlobul... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4325274 Thu, 06 Jan 2011 17:56:51 +0100 4325274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4325275&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmn672269282q2g53%2F We report a case of rhabdoid glioblastoma in a 12-year-old boy who presented with headache and harbored a 70-mm solid tumor in the left temporal lobe. The tumor was surgically excised, but early tumor recurrence and leptomeningeal spread developed, and the patient died of the disease 4.9 months after surgery. Histologically, the tumor contained two distinct patterns of glioblastoma and rhabdoid cells with necrosis and hemorrhage. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that both cells were positive for glial fibrillary acid protein, vimentin, and INI1, which is consistent with the reported diagnosis of rhabdoid glioblastoma. Genetic studies confirmed no loss of the INI1 gene and identified hemizygous deletion of the CDKN2A gene. We review reported cases of rhabdoid glioblastoma ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4325275 Thu, 06 Jan 2011 17:56:50 +0100 4325275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4319654&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F836134q164633p24%2F Abstract  We previously reported that retrovirally transduced platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGFB) in glial progenitors of the rat cerebral white matter, subventricular zone, or brain stem induced malignant brain tumors closely resembling human glioblastoma (GBM). While human GBMs may progress over the period of several months to a few years, prospective, long-term in-vivo observation of histological changes of the tumor tissues is not feasible in these models, because the animals undergo rapid tumor progression and mortality within approximately 1 month. We thus performed successive, long-term in-vivo transplantation of the PDGFB-induced tumor cells into the rat cerebrum. Primary retroviral transduction of PDGFB in the glial progenitors of the rat basal ganglia in... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319654 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 16:52:09 +0100 4319654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4319653&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq082jp43r480r004%2F We present a case of spontaneous regression of multicentric pilocytic astrocytoma with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination without neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in an adult, the first such case reported. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple low signal intensity lesions on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity areas on T2-weighted images in the bilateral thalamus, basal ganglia and midbrain. Contrast-enhanced MRI revealed that small, enhanced lesions were seen in the basal ganglia and the pineal region. Neuroendoscopic biopsy and third ventriculostomy were performed. Intraoperative findings demonstrated CSF dissemination. Histologically, the specimens showed pilocytic astrocytoma. Serial MRIs showed regression of the tumor without any additional treatment. The ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319653 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 16:52:09 +0100 4319653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4319652&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1525463077751483%2F Abstract  Three pediatric patients with infratentorial metastatic non-epithelial malignant brain tumors were successfully treated by radical surgical resection followed by aggressive radiochemotherapy. One patient with neuroblastoma and two with rhabdomyosarcoma were successfully treated by first line multimodal treatments, but developed infratentorial metastasis after several months of remission. All patients revealed intracranial metastases manifesting as rapidly progressing neurological symptoms caused by mass effect in the posterior fossa. Radical surgical resection was performed without morbidity. The patients were then treated by adjuvant radiochemotherapy with or without autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, resulting in complete remission. Two patie... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319652 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 16:52:09 +0100 4319652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4319655&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0t4121145767575l%2F Abstract  A 37-year-old man, a hepatitis B virus carrier due to mother-to-child transmission, had a medical examination in September 2008 in nearby hospitals due to anorexia and weight loss. He was transported to our hospital because computed tomography (CT) detected intracranial lesions, and he had a positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody test. Head computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple hemorrhagic lesions and enhancement effect, suggesting a thin wall. Also, an enhancement effect was present in the ventricle walls and the subarachnoid space. No accumulation was found in the thallium-201 scintigraphy. The enhancement effect of the ventricle walls and the subarachnoid space disappeared after oral administration of pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and calcium ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319655 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 16:52:08 +0100 4319655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4319657&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7210601159570t04%2F Abstract  Chemokines are 8- to 12-kDa peptides that function as chemoattractant cytokines involved in cell activation, differentiation, and trafficking. Chemokines bind to specific G-protein-coupled, seven-span transmembrane receptors on the plasma membrane of target cells. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12), an alpha-chemokine that binds to G-protein-coupled chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4), plays an important and unique role in the regulation of stem/progenitor-cell trafficking. As CXCR4 is expressed on several cancer cells, these CXCR4-positive cancer cells may metastasize to organs that secrete/express CXCL12. Regarding brain tumors, recent data demonstrate that glioma tumor stem-like cells promote tumor angiogenesis and vasculogenesis via the CXCL12/C... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319657 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 16:52:07 +0100 4319657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4319656&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff105732752723856%2F Abstract  A 49-year-old woman presented with a history of periodic episodes of nausea and vomiting starting in 2006. In June 2009, the patient lost consciousness and was transported to our hospital. Head computed tomography (CT) revealed hydrocephalus caused by an enhancing mass lesion with calcification located in the right lateral ventricle around the foramen of Monro. Total tumor removal was performed. Histologic findings revealed fibrillated spindle tumor cells and giant tumor cells with abundant cytoplasm. The spindle tumor cells were immunoreactive for GFAP and S-100 protein, but none of the giant tumor cells were immunoreactive for GFAP or S-100 protein. Electron microscopic examination revealed abundant mitochondria in the tumor cell cytoplasm. According to these fi... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319656 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 16:52:07 +0100 4319656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4301250&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft1h4227w2278764v%2F Abstract  Photodynamic diagnosis is used during glioma surgery. Although some studies have shown that the spectrum of fluorescence was efficient for precise tumor diagnosis, previous methods to characterize the spectrum have been problematic, which can lead to misdiagnosis. In this paper, we introduce a comparison technique to characterize spectrum from pathology and results of preliminary measurement using human brain tissues. We developed a spectrum scanning system that enables spectra measurement of raw tissues. Because tissue preparations retain the shape of the device holder, spectra can be compared precisely with pathological examination. As a preliminary analysis, we measured 13 sample tissues from five patients with brain tumors. The technique enabled us to measure ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4301250 Tue, 28 Dec 2010 15:14:00 +0100 4301250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4301251&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2x00835653141186%2F Abstract  A 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a smooth ring-like enhanced cystic tumor in the right parietal lobe. He underwent gross total resection of the tumor under neuronavigation and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence guiding method. Histopathological examination of the tumor showed small cells formed epithelioid solid nests with some focus of duct-like structure. On the basis of the MRI and operative and histological findings, this tumor was diagnosed as a metastatic poorly differentiated carcinoma, although the primary cancer could not be detected by metastatic work-ups. Afterward, this tumor recurred repeatedly. Histopathological examination of specimen from the fourth surge... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4301251 Tue, 28 Dec 2010 15:13:59 +0100 4301251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288066&cid=s_33459_32_f&fid=35912&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpr005258v1m74270%2F Abstract  Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a malignant tumor that mostly occurs in early childhood and has poor prognosis despite aggressive therapy. Adult cases are rare and, as far as we are aware, only 30 cases have been reported to date. Here we present the case of a 27-year-old female with left parietal AT/RT with the chief complaint of numbness of the right superior limb. First, the tumor was surgically removed and the diagnosis was grade II glioma. With additional radiotherapy, the clinical course after surgery was favorable. After 6 years, she had an operation for recurrence and the diagnosis was grade III glioma. Temozolomide was prescribed, and a disease-free period of 2 years followed. Surgery was performed for a third time for second recurre... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288066 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 20:21:46 +0100 4288066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141515&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3217667146182466%2F Abstract  Cystic meningiomas are radiologically difficult to differentiate from malignant brain tumors, particularly when the tumors are intraparenchymally located. In such cases, a surgical strategy relies on intraoperative histological diagnosis. A 60-year-old man had a tumor with multiple cysts in the left parietal lobe that was diagnosed radiologically as malignant glioma. In operative findings, there was no dural attachment of the tumor, and the border between the tumor and normal brain tissue was unclear. Intraoperative histological examination supported the diagnosis of malignant glioma based on a high cellularity and an existence of a multinuclear giant cell in the tumor tissue. We finished the surgery with partial tumor resection; however, postoperative histologica... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141515 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:37:05 +0100 4141515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141517&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj6pt448t4280gl9m%2F Abstract  Malignant astrocytomas are characterized by diffusely infiltrating nature, and the abnormality of p53 is a cytogenetic hallmark of astrocytic tumors. To elucidate the relationship between p53 abnormality and invasiveness of the tumors, we studied mutation and protein expression of p53 in 48 consecutive patients with malignant astrocytoma (14 anaplastic astrocytomas and 34 glioblastoma multiformes). The tumors were classified into three categories according to the features of magnetic resonance imaging, and 5, 7, and 36 tumors were classified into diffuse, multiple, and single type, respectively. We then examined how these tumor types correlate with MIB-1 staining index, TP53 gene mutation, and p53 protein expression. We found that p53 immunopositivity or TP53 mutat... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141517 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:37:04 +0100 4141517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141516&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft511358j95n42307%2F Abstract  Most radiation-induced osteosarcomas of the skull are reported to arise in the facial bone or paranasal sinus after radiotherapy for retinoblastoma and/or pituitary adenoma. Here we report two cases of radiation-induced osteosarcoma in the paranasal sinus after treatment for frontal glioma. Case 1 was a 56-year-old woman who underwent surgical resection of a left frontal tumor in October 1990. The histological diagnosis was a low-grade glioma, and radiotherapy of 54 Gy was administered. Sixteen years later, in September 2006, the patient noted an enlarging subcutaneous mass in the right frontal region. CT showed an osteolytic mass in the right frontal sinus. An open biopsy established the histopathological diagnosis of osteosarcoma, and the patient subsequently di... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141516 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:37:04 +0100 4141516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141518&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhl32651477026j77%2F We report a 17-month-old girl with spinal adrenal cortical neoplasms. She was unable to crawl or stand and was irritable at night. Her appearance was asymmetrical; the right side of her face and her lower right leg were enlarged. In addition, she manifested hyperplasia of the thymus, fibrous hyperplasia of the bladder, and hamartoma in the liver. However, all abnormalities were asymptomatic. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed well-circumscribed masses within the dura mater at the T12-L1 and L3-L4 level. Histology disclosed that the lesions were composed of sheets and nests of round and polygonal cells with mostly round regular nuclei; eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm was abundant. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for inhibin-alpha, positive for syn... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141518 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:37:03 +0100 4141518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141520&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1335k6801621685q%2F Abstract  Intra-axial pseudotumors in the central nervous system often mimic malignant brain tumors and cause difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. The present study investigates their radiologic and histological features to elucidate diagnostic clues. Six cases were included in the study, one man and five women, ranging in age from 44 to 87 years (mean age, 61 years). Histologically, three cases had demyelination, and one case each had abscess, angiitis, and non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. All cases were evaluated radiologically on MRI, most of them by thallim-201 single photon emission tomography (201Tl-SPECT). These cases were examined using H&E, special stains, and immunohistochemical studies with a variety of antibodies. MRI demonstrated perifocal edema and ring-lik... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141520 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:37:02 +0100 4141520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141519&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9516514u72412172%2F We examined seven autopsy brains, focusing on tumor cell infiltration in the peripheral zone of a tumor, and compared our findings with the MR images. There has so far been no report regarding mapping of tumor cell infiltration and DNA histogram by flow cytometry, comparing the neuroimaging findings with the autopsy brain findings. The autopsy brain was cut in 10-mm-thick slices, in parallel with the OM line. Tissue samples were obtained from several parts in the peripheral zone (the outer area adjacent to the tumor edge as defined by postcontrast MRI) and then were examined by H&E, GFAP, and VEGF staining. We defined three infiltrating patterns based on number of infiltrated cells as follows: A zone, 100%–60% of the cells infiltrated tumor cells compared with tumor cell density of... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141519 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:37:02 +0100 4141519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141521&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg6m8449mt1735340%2F Abstract  Our purpose was to investigate whether in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, using normalized concentrations of total choline (tCho) and total creatine (tCr), can differentiate between WHO grade I pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and diffuse, fibrillary WHO grade II astrocytoma (DA) in children. Data from 16 children with astrocytomas (11 children with PA and 5 children with DA) were evaluated retrospectively. MRS was performed before treatment in all patients with histologically proven low-grade astrocytomas. Metabolite concentrations of tCho and tCr were normalized to the respective concentration in contralateral brain tissue. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to evaluate differences between these two groups. Normalized tCho did not show any stat... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141521 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:37:01 +0100 4141521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141522&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0184uq324414n241%2F This article describes a rare case of simultaneously detected intracranial and intramedullary spinal cord germinoma and its possible etiopathology. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10014-010-0269-5Authors Carter S. Rabo, Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 JapanNaoya Hashimoto, Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 JapanNaoki Kagawa, Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 JapanToshiaki Fujita, Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Koseinenkin Hospital, Osaka, JapanRyuichi Hirayama, Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Koseinenkin Hospital, Osaka, JapanHideo O... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141522 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:37:00 +0100 4141522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141524&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx73726561hh8nx28%2F We report a rare case of epileptogenic glioma composed of glial progenitor cells that differentiated into an astrocytic and oligodendrocytic tumor. This 4-year-old girl presented with a 1-year history of complex partial seizure. MR scan showed a mass in the left temporal lobe with a cyst and a contrast-enhanced component. Subtotal resection of the tumor was achieved. Histological examination revealed that the tumor exhibited low cellularity composed of astrocytic and oligodendrocytic components, as well as low mitotic activity (MIB-1 = 1%). Immunohistochemical examination revealed GFAP positivity within the astrocytic cells, olig2 positivity within the oligodendrocytic cells, and S100 positivity in both cell types. MAP2 and CD34 were negative, and neurofilament was only positive in p... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141524 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:36:59 +0100 4141524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141523&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ffw72372v824m6k85%2F In this study, we detected failure of bevacizumab treatment for malignant glioma through upregulation of metalloproteinase activity in the urine, as well as infiltrative tumors on MRI. In addition, MMP9 has been proved as a molecule that facilitates its infiltrative behavior in vivo in the brain animal model. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10014-010-0271-yAuthors Shingo Takano, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 JapanRyota Mashiko, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 JapanSatoru Osuka, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 JapanEiichi Ishikawa, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinica... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141523 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:36:59 +0100 4141523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517171&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn272vl352j213164%2F We report a 59-year-old man, first diagnosed as multiple sclerosis by open biopsy at another institution, who was then correctly diagnosed as PCNSBL after stereotactic biopsy at our hospital. The initial biopsy showed heavy lymphoid and macrophage influx with visible demyelination. On rebiopsy, a diffuse infiltrate of small to medium-sized lymphocytes was prominent and largely stained as T cells (CD3) by immunohistochemistry. There was also an admixture of macrophages, but this time, relatively low numbers of large malignant cells were also identified. The latter stained as B cells (CD20), enabling a diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma, and the condition responded fully to high-dose methotrexate. It is thus possible for PCNSBL to be histologically misinterpreted as a result of ancillary inf... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517171 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 08:30:03 +0100 3517171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517172&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F633h57lw15l6pm89%2F Abstract  Temozolomide (TMZ) has been accepted as a standard antitumor drug for glioma worldwide. Regarding its mechanism of action, there are quite a few analyses. In the present study, we investigated the cell-killing effect and mechanism of action of TMZ with flow cytometry using glioblastoma cell lines. Each cell line was divided into three groups: a control group, a low-dose TMZ group, and a highdose TMZ group. On day 1, TMZ was added to each cell line. Then, we counted the numbers of cells on days 2, 3, 4, and 5; in U87MG, we counted the number of cells on days 8 and 9. Simultaneously, we performed flow cytometric analysis with single- and double-staining methods. Although results varied slightly depending on the cell line, with flow cytometric analysis we identified ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517172 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 08:30:02 +0100 3517172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517173&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmn7x78t721l78381%2F In conclusion, our study has shown that WT1 protein expression level, not MIB-1 staining index, can be used as a prognostic marker to foretell outcome after immunotherapy, and that patients whose tumors have intermediate WT1 expression have the best survival outcome. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10014-010-0265-9Authors Yasuyoshi Chiba, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery 2-2 Yamada-oka Suita, Osaka 565-0871 JapanNaoya Hashimoto, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery 2-2 Yamada-oka Suita, Osaka 565-0871 JapanAkihiro Tsuboi, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Cancer Immunotherapy Suita JapanCarter Rabo, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Depart... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517173 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 08:30:01 +0100 3517173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517174&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv18710402717t106%2F Abstract  MIB-1 staining provides a useful index of the malignancy of brain tumors. However, because of the difficulty of evaluating malignancy based on the preoperative imaging findings, we investigated the correlation between the 201Tl-SPECT retention index (RI) and MIB-1 staining index (MIB-1 SI) to determine the usefulness of RI for preoperative evaluation of the malignancy of brain tumors. The subjects of this study were 47 patients who underwent tumor removal surgery at our hospital in 2006 and 2007. The tumors consisted of 16 intraaxial tumors (all gliomas: 9 glioblastomas, 2 anaplastic astrocytomas, 2 anaplastic oligoastrocytomas, 1 oligodendroglioma, and 2 ependymomas), 8 other malignant brain tumors, and 23 extraaxial tumors (10 meningiomas, 7 pituitary adenomas, a... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517174 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 08:30:00 +0100 3517174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517176&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu4387513t1434m10%2F We examined the immunohistochemical expression of podoplanin and calretinin, both of which are well-known markers of mesothelioma, in 24 surgical cases of meningioma of various types. In most cases, a linear immunoreactivity for podoplanin was found along the cell surface of most neoplastic cells. An intracytoplasmic, finely granular, or diffuse immunoreactivity was also noted in some cells. These findings corresponded well to immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), but immunoreactivity for podoplanin was more crisp or sharply delineated and clear compared with that for EMA. These findings indicate that podoplanin can be used as an immunohistochemical marker that is equivalent to EMA in the differential diagnosis of meningioma. However, most meningiomas did not contai... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517176 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 08:29:59 +0100 3517176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517175&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flj02u48546606v41%2F Abstract  Nestin is an intermediate filament protein expressed in undifferentiated cells during central nervous system development, and glioma is known to be a highly infiltrative tumor. We determined whether nestin was expressed in astrocytic tumors and could identify infiltrating tumor cells. We screened 65 archival, paraffin-embedded adult astrocytic tumors using immunohistochemical staining and computerized overlaid photographs. Normal biopsied brains and metastatic brain tumors were also examined. The intensity of nestin expression corresponded to the tumor grade. All 33 glioblastoma cases showed positive and extensive staining, which was less positive in diffuse astrocytoma. Overlaid images showed that nestin immunostaining delineated tumor invasion into adjacent gray... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517175 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 08:29:59 +0100 3517175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517178&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3x852018137507u0%2F We describe a rare case of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor (MNT) of the brain recurring 12 years after complete remission. An 11-year-old girl initially presented with exotropia and bilateral papilledema. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed an intracranial extraaxial large tumor at the midfrontal region. T1-weighted MR imaging showed the tumor to be well delineated with homogeneous enhancement by gadolinium. The tumor was subtotally removed, and the histological diagnosis was MNT. The residual tumor became enlarged, so gamma knife radiosurgery was performed 5 months after initial surgery. The enhanced lesion disappeared, but another lesion emerged 3 years later. A second gamma knife radiosurgery was performed for this local recurrence. The enhanced lesion disappeared once again. ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517178 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 08:29:58 +0100 3517178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517177&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fbmu0101l67760847%2F Abstract  A 41-year-old man was admitted in June 2007 with a 1-month history of headache and cerebellar ataxia. At the age of 5 years, in May 1971, he had presented with headache, vomiting, and gait disturbance. Cerebral angiographical study demonstrated vascular shift caused by a mass lesion in the cerebellar vermis. He had immediately undergone partial removal. Histological diagnosis was medulloblastoma (MB). Postoperatively he received a total of 40 Gy radiation to the whole brain and 30.5 Gy to the spine without chemotherapy. He was again seen 35 years later with a radiation-induced glioblastoma (GB) that arose in the region of the original MB. The tumor was surgically removed, and he received radiotherapy and chemotherapy with ACNU, procarbazine, and vincristine. Posto... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517177 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 08:29:58 +0100 3517177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517180&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F28w8p67142648716%2F We report the case of a Japanese woman with parasagittal SFT that resembled hemangiopericytoma (HPC). Histological examination revealed that the tumor was highly cellular, with cells containing oval- or spindle-shaped nuclei arranged in sheets or a pattern-less growth mode. Focal vascular proliferation was also observed. Some areas showed intercellular stroma containing remarkable eosinophilic collagens. Tumor cells showed a strong immunoreactivity for CD34 but were negative for S-100 protein and epithelial membrane antigen. MIB-1 labeling index of the tumor was 6.6%. Owing to the high cellularity, high MIB-1 labeling index, and focal vascular proliferation, it was difficult to distinguish this lesion from HPC. However, the tumor was finally diagnosed as SFT on the basis of the stron... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517180 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 08:29:56 +0100 3517180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517179&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fagl288164l11258h%2F Abstract  A case of unclassified, pediatric cerebral neuroepithelial tumor in a 10-year-old girl that showed remarkable radiosensitivity is reported. MRI revealed a brain tumor of mixed intensity with heterogeneous enhancement in the medial temporal lobe, extending to the basal ganglia. The tumor was partially removed. On pathology, the main part of the tumor showed immature features: the tumor cells had a chromatin-rich large nucleus and less cytoplasm, and mitoses and fragmentation of the nuclei were frequent. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and synaptophysin and positive for Olig2. The maximum MIB-1 index was 70%. The part invading into the surrounding brain showed similarities in form to a highly anaplast... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517179 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 08:29:56 +0100 3517179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2936707&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Feu7623510276742l%2F Abstract  Central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors are devastating cancers in children, consisting of medulloblastomas, CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. One of the reasons that CNS embryonal tumors remain difficult to treat is their rarity, which makes conducting clinical trials for these tumors difficult. Recent advances of molecular biology have led us to identify molecular and genetic causality of brain tumors. Based on the genetic alterations found in humans, multiple models of human CNS embryonal tumors have been generated in genetically engineered mice. These mouse models are valuable tools for understanding brain tumor biology and discovering novel therapeutic targets and drugs. In this article, we review molecular and... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2936707 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 05:56:39 +0100 2936707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2936709&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5pw7556q80554460%2F Abstract  A tanycytic ependymoma measuring 1.5 cm in maximal dimension, which involved the filum terminale and conus medullaris of a 55-year-old woman, is reported. The tumor consisted of a compact fascicular proliferation of spindle cells having long bipolar cytoplasmic processes, and immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies demonstrated the ependymal features of neoplastic cells. The most prominent finding was an appearance of many atypical and pleomorphic, often monstrous, giant cells, which was not associated with an increase in proliferative activity. Remarkable nuclear atypism and pleomorphism with formation of giant cells have not been documented previously in tanycytic ependymoma. These nuclear changes are considered essentially degenerative in nature and pro... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2936709 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 05:56:38 +0100 2936709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2936708&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm3vq245867r112r7%2F Abstract  A 22-year-old man presented with tenderness and swelling of the left lateral part of the orbit. Computed tomography revealed a left intraorbital mass measuring 3 cm × 3 cm involving the left lateral wall of the orbit and the greater wing of the left sphenoid bone. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the intraorbital mass was extraneuroaxial. During surgery, the tumor was seen to arise from the lateral wall of the orbit and infiltrate into the left temporal muscle. Following the surgery, the patient was administered radiation therapy for the whole cranium and chemotherapy for the residual tumors. However, the tumor recurred, and the patient died about 2 years following the first surgery because the tumor had metastasized to the lung. On light microscopy, the ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2936708 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 05:56:38 +0100 2936708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2936710&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl9644t8260221hk4%2F We present a case of a 17-year-old man who developed a 3-cm pineal tumor that was incompletely excised following two operations. The pathological findings presented were extensive epithelial papillary structures surrounding vessels mimicking “perivascular pseudo-rosettes,” leading to a diagnosis of “papillary ependymoma.” Subsequently, the residual tumor recurred on three separate occasions. Immunohistochemical studies showed the tumor was positive for cytokeratin 18 (CK 18), microtubule-associated protein (MAP 2), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), and transthyretin, consistent with mature neuronal differentiation. Given these findings, the diagnosis of PTPR was made. The patient’s survival time of 218 months is the longest reported to date for this tum... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2936710 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 05:56:37 +0100 2936710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2936712&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkp4u064p1wn18041%2F In this study, we attempted PHH3 immunostaining for our meningioma cases and verified not only the sensitivity of PHH3 immunostaining but also that of its usefulness in grading meningiomas. Forty-five initial histologically confirmed meningiomas (37 benign, 7 atypical, and 1 anaplastic) were reviewed according to current WHO criteria based on counting MF on HE-stained slides. PHH3-immunostained MF were counted in the same way, and the MIB-1 labeling index (LI) was calculated for each sample. PHH3-labeled MF were easily identified and permitted rapid recognition of the areas of highest mitotic activity. As a result, significant increase of PHH3 mitotic index (PHH3-MI) in comparison with HE mitotic index (HE-MI) and strong correlations with HE-MI to PHH3-MI as well as PHH3-MI to MIB-1... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2936712 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 05:56:36 +0100 2936712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2936711&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu635166254mq6628%2F Abstract  The World Health Organization (WHO) grading system for meningioma is helpful for predicting aggressive subtypes. However, even benign meningiomas sometimes show relatively rapid growth and may recur after total removal. We attempted to find histopathological features that would be valuable for predicting recurrence or regrowth of WHO grade I meningiomas. We investigated 135 benign meningiomas, of which 120 were totally removed (Simpson’s grade I–III). The median follow-up period was 9.7 years (1–21 years). The recurrence rate in the patients with total removal was 7.5% at 10 years and 9.3% at 20 years. The univariate analysis revealed that MIB-1 index (≥2%), existence of mitosis, absence of calcification, and paucity of fibrosis significantly correlated wi... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2936711 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 05:56:36 +0100 2936711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2936715&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj555r1630173u53l%2F Abstract  A 53-year-old woman presented with a rare case of coexistence of anaplastic oligodendroglioma with gangliocytoma manifesting as progressive disturbance of consciousness and left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium demonstrated the mass lesion consisted of a strongly enhanced area around the middle cerebral artery and less enhanced areas in the right temporal lobe, insula, and basal ganglia. She underwent subtotal resection of the tumor, resulting in improvement of her symptoms. Macroscopic and histological examination showed the tumor consisted of two distinct components, grayish soft tissue and yellowish hard tissue. The former consisted of cells with equal-sized round-to-oval hyperchromatic nuclei and perinuclear halo with microvascular proli... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2936715 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 05:56:34 +0100 2936715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2936714&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj6540kw1t37p8425%2F Abstract  Our aim was to extract the radiopathological features of cerebellar malignant glioma in adults from the four cases we encountered. All four cases (two men and two women, aged 52–80 years; mean age, 67 years) had a floating sensation or vertigo at the onset of their disease. Initially, these patients were given a diagnosis of cerebellar infarction or cavernous angioma, or had faint abnormalities in the cerebellum that were overlooked. These patients were followed up for 2–14 months (mean, 6 months), and the tumor was detected when their clinical symptoms deteriorated. The tumor was located in the hemisphere in one patient and in the vermis in three patients. MRI revealed ring-like enhancement in two patients and nodular enhancement in two patients. All patients... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2936714 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 05:56:34 +0100 2936714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2936713&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjj71u268q214pn42%2F We report a boy who in 1994, at the age of 11, presented with headache and vomiting. The fi nal diagnosis was papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a heterogeneous mass. Hydrocephalus was addressed by immediate ventricle drainage; subsequently, we attempted tumor removal. As the intraoperative diagnosis of the hemorrhagic tumor was primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), we did not proceed to total removal. After the delivery of radiotherapy (50.4 Gy) and one course of Nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) chemotherapy, the residual tumor was completely resected. The diagnosis at that time (1994) was papillary pineocytoma. He was followed on an outpatient basis for 15 years and remained free of recurrence. This type of tumor was later propose... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2936713 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 05:56:34 +0100 2936713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2384444&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu5jk20521051033q%2F We report an extremely rare tumor presenting with rhabdoid features in the left temporoparietal lobe near the trigone in an 18-year-old Japanese man. This tumor mainly consisted of medium to large round cells that proliferated diffusely and incoherently with a scant extracellular matrix. These tumor cells had an eccentric nucleus and an eosinophilic cytoplasm containing inclusion bodies and bundles of intermediate filaments. The nuclei of these cells were vesicular with prominent nucleoli. This tumor had an area appearing to be diffuse astrocytoma peripherally and lacked a primitive neuroectodermal tumor component, a mesenchymal component, and epithelial differentiation. INI expression, which is not observed in atypical teratoid/ rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT), was found in this tumor. From ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2384444 Fri, 01 May 2009 06:32:05 +0100 2384444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2384447&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj6703g3662688176%2F We present an extremely rare case of an orbital melanocytoma that occurred in a 51-year-old man. The patient suffered from diplopia and mild exophthalmos of the right eye for 2 months. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-demarcated round mass 3.5 cm in diameter in the right orbit. We performed total resection of this tumor. Histological findings revealed a proliferation of large polygonal cells with fine pigment granules in the cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli. Although these tumor cells revealed immunohistochemical reactivity in HMB-1, there was no S-100 or Melan A antibody reactivity. Also, there were no malignant findings of nuclear polymorphism, mitoses, or necrosis. The brown pigments were confirmed to be melanin by bleaching and the Fontana-Masson silver stain method... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2384447 Fri, 01 May 2009 06:32:04 +0100 2384447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2384446&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3363558517585080%2F Abstract  A 64-year-old male patient presented with generalized convulsions. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large meningeal tumor with some cysts in the right frontal region. Surgical resections were performed three times, and local radiation therapy was administered twice over a period of 8 years for the treatment of tumor recurrences. The tumor tended to recur in spite of the surgical and radiation therapies. The tumor was diagnosed as a chordoid meningioma, and the second surgical specimen showed increasing nuclear atypia and mitoses in tumor cells. An immunohistochemical study revealed the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, S-100 protein, and cytokeratin AE1/AE3. An electron microscopic study revealed intracytoplasmic vacuolar spaces, loosely connected inter... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2384446 Fri, 01 May 2009 06:32:04 +0100 2384446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2384445&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkx278r374457h783%2F Abstract  The incidence of hemorrhagic onset in pilocytic astrocytoma and pilomyxoid astrocytoma, and the clinical and histological characteristics, were compared to other types of neuroepithelial tumors or nonhemorrhagic pilocytic astrocytoma by retrospective review of 445 consecutive neuroepithelial tumors treated at our institute. Hemorrhagic onset was observed in 4 of 35 (11.4%) patients with pilocytic astrocytoma and pilomyxoid astrocytoma, with higher incidence than in glioblastoma (3.9%), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (7.7%), and anaplastic ependymoma (7.1%). The hemorrhagic onset occurred in 2 patients with sporadic pilocytic astrocytoma, 1 with pilocytic astrocytoma associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, and 1 with pilomyxoid astrocytoma. There was no correlation... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2384445 Fri, 01 May 2009 06:32:04 +0100 2384445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2384449&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhl44q1264ng35876%2F We report a case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) as a component of a ganglioglioma in a 13-year-old Japanese boy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large cystic lesion with an enhanced mural nodule of the left temporal lobe. Microscopic examination of the tumor showed that it was composed of two distinct neoplastic components: dysplastic ganglion cells and a PXA. There were gradual transitions between the two neoplastic components, and the PXA constituted the gliomatous component of the ganglioglioma. The PXA component showed spindle-shaped and pleomorphic large cells with lipidized cytoplasm. The tumor cells were surrounded by numerous reticulin fibers. Immunohistochemically, the ganglion cells were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), but showed positive st... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2384449 Fri, 01 May 2009 06:32:03 +0100 2384449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2384448&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr3w0wl4j27563868%2F Abstract  A 29-year-old woman presented with a severe headache. Computed tomography revealed a large cystic lesion with a mural nodule-like mass homogeneously enhanced with contrast medium in the right cerebellum. The tumor was removed, and pathological studies revealed a cerebellar astrocytoma corresponding to World Health Organization grade II. When she was 35 years old, or 6 years after the surgery, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a recurrence of the tumor in the right cerebellum, and subtotal removal of the recurrent tumor was performed. Pathological studies revealed a mixed glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic ependymoma. Chemotherapy (Paraplatin and VePeside-S) and focal radiation therapy at 60 Gy were administered following surgery. Thereafter, at 39 years of a... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2384448 Fri, 01 May 2009 06:32:03 +0100 2384448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2384450&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9755n4t47385w85h%2F Abstract  In a 43-year-old man, an intramedullary spinal cord tumor spreading from the level of the T2 to T5 vertebrae was subtotally resected. The tumor predominantly consisted of a fascicular proliferation of spindle cells having bland nuclei and bipolar, long cytoplasmic processes, and a few perivascular pseudo-rosettes were found. Although there were no true ependymal rosettes, intracytoplasmic dot-like immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) was found in a few cells. In some areas, a dense and diffuse proliferation of anaplastic, short-spindled cells having hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm was noted, and the Ki-67 labeling index was remarkably higher (18.2%) in these areas. Neither microvascular proliferation nor necrosis was observed. In the bo... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2384450 Fri, 01 May 2009 06:32:02 +0100 2384450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1944711&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F422gm3441522354l%2F Abstract  Two distinct forms of malignant lymphomas can invade the central nervous system (CNS). Although primary CNS malignant lymphomas (PCNSMLs) invade the brain parenchyma, intravascular lymphomas (IVLs) form tumor cell aggregates in the vasculature and produce stroke-like symptoms and cognitive impairment. Although the tumor cells are mostly of B-cell origin in both types of lymphoma, their biological behavior is different, and the detailed mechanism(s) underlying this difference are not well understood. We studied the expression level of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and integrin-β1 in tumor tissue samples from patients with primary CNS lymphoma (n = 8) and intravascular lymphoma (n = 2) using immunohistochemical analysis. We also a... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1944711 Thu, 06 Nov 2008 00:31:35 +0100 1944711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1944710&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc28wk2062x3607v2%2F We report a case of papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR) and describe the morphological, immunohistochemical, and neuroimaging findings. A 43-year-old man presented with signs of increased intracranial pressure and upward gaze palsy. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a heterogeneously enhanced mass in the pineal region and obstructive hydrocephalus. Proton MR spectroscopy revealed increased choline and decreased N-acetyl aspartate peaks with a slightly increased lactate peak. Minimum apparent diffusion coefficient value was 0.60 × 10−3 mm2/s. Positron emission tomography showed significantly increased [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at the site of the lesion. He underwent total resection of the pineal region mass, resulting in resolution of the symptoms. The tumor c... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1944710 Thu, 06 Nov 2008 00:31:35 +0100 1944710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1944709&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv32t159u75988v80%2F Abstract  Late cerebral radionecrosis may be considered to be a specific chronic inflammatory response, although it is unknown whether the initial damage by brain irradiation is to an endothelial cell or a glial cell. I discuss the pathological specificity of late cerebral radionecrosis by studying the published literature and a case that I experienced. In late cerebral radionecrosis, there are typical coagulation necrosis areas containing fibrinoid necrosis with occlusion of the lumina and poorly active inflammatory areas with many inflammatory ghost cells, focal perivascular lymphocytes, hyalinized vessels, and telangiectatic vascularization near and in the necrotic tissue, and more active inflammatory areas formed as a partial rim of the reactive zone by perivascular lym... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1944709 Thu, 06 Nov 2008 00:31:35 +0100 1944709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1944714&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3824jrh347q32q5w%2F We report two infant cases with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) located in the cerebellar vermis and spinal cord. MRI showed the tumors were isointense on T1-weighted images and mixed intensity of isointense and slight high intensity on T2-weighted images. Postcontrast MRI demonstrated clear margin of tumor and heterogeneous strong enhancement. It was difficult to differentiate the tumor from medulloblastoma by hematoxylin and eosin staining. However, immunohistochemical staining showed that these tumor cells react positively for cytokeratin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and helped us with the differentiation. Electron microscopic study has confirmed the presence of mesenchymal components, such as filaments and desmosome junctions in the rh... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1944714 Thu, 06 Nov 2008 00:31:34 +0100 1944714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1944713&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb38361857762h301%2F Abstract  Lymphocytic infundibulo-neurohypophysitis (LINH) was first reported by Saito et al. and Imura et al. as a cause of idiopathic central diabetes insipidus. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a contrast medium demonstrates thickening of the pituitary stalk, enlargement of the neurohypophysis, or both with homogeneous enhancement. Histological examination reveals a posterior pituitary that is heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes with occasional plasma cells and other inflammatory cells. In early reports of the disorder, the lesion seemed to be limited to the neurohypophysis, but the present review showed cases with a combination of hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus. Some of them showed partial hypopituitarism. The so-called lymphocytic infundibulo-panhypophysitis ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1944713 Thu, 06 Nov 2008 00:31:34 +0100 1944713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1944712&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk292x8v457g04707%2F Abstract  Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most malignant forms of human cancer. Despite intensive treatment, the mean survival of GBM patients remains about 1 year. Recent cancer studies revealed that cancer tissues are pathologically heterogeneous and only a small population of cells has the specific ability to reinitiate cancer. This small cell population is called cancer stem cells (CSCs); in brain tumors these are known as brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs). The identification of BTSCs yielded new insights into chemo-and radioresistance, by which BTSCs can survive selectively and initiate recurrence. Research focused on BTSCs as treatment targets may contribute to the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review ArticleD... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1944712 Thu, 06 Nov 2008 00:31:34 +0100 1944712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1944716&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj766375785v68883%2F Abstract  The case of a 32-year-old Japanese man with an expansile supratentorial neurenteric cyst is described. The initial MRI revealed a left frontal extraaxial mass lesion 20 mm in diameter that showed marked expansion to 32 mm and change in its signal intensity 13 months later. Fifteen months after his visit, the patient fell into status epilepticus and underwent surgery. The cyst wall was excised, and the cyst content was totally removed. The cytology of the cystic content and pathological findings of the cyst wall were compatible with the diagnosis of neurenteric cyst. Our literature search revealed that in 86% of the patients with this lesion, the lesion was involved in the occurrence of epilepsy during the perioperative period. When a neurenteric cyst is diagnosed,... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1944716 Thu, 06 Nov 2008 00:31:33 +0100 1944716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1944715&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft0600p240k8534rp%2F We report a rare case of chordoid meningioma arising in the pineal region, which presented in a 22-year-old woman. Her only complaint was headache, and neurological examination revealed no deficits. She had suffered from prolonged fever a few weeks earlier, and her hematological findings included hypochromic microcytic anemia and a high serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP). Cranial magnetic resonance (MR) images demonstrated a 25 × 30 mm mass in the pineal region, which showed iso-to low intensity on T1-weighted images (T1WI), high to low intensity on T2-weighted images (T2WI), and homogeneous enhancement with gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). We performed subtotal removal of the tumor with an occipital transtentorial approach (OTA), and all her preoperative... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1944715 Thu, 06 Nov 2008 00:31:33 +0100 1944715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1380385&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flr215g6383t2n6r5%2F Abstract  Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a systemic granulomatous disease characterized by B-cell proliferation of uncertain malignant potential. It most frequently affects the lungs but also occasionally affects the central nervous system. Its pathophysiology is unclear in numerous respects, thus making it difficult to diagnose and treat. We recently encountered a case of LYG that was followed clinically and histologically for 14 months. A 55-year-old man was hospitalized with multiple brain tumors for which the final diagnosis was not made until the second surgery, 14 months after the first intervention. Following the diagnosis, he was treated with steroid pulse therapy. At present, 3.5 years after the onset of LYG, the patient is in good condition with no signs of ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1380385 Wed, 16 Apr 2008 15:01:41 +0100 1380385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1380386&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc626x7242l052171%2F Abstract  Intraventricular tumors may arise from a variety of cells in the region. There are some difficulties in diagnosing these tumors because of their histologically similar appearance. We analyzed intraventricular tumors, including central neurocytoma, oligodendroglioma, cerebral neuroblastoma, and cerebellar neuroblastoma, the neuronal characters of which were established based on their ultrastructural findings, except for oligodendroglioma. Central neurocytoma and cerebellar neuroblastoma showed synaptic formation, and cerebral neuroblastoma possessed immature neurites. Oligodendroglioma showed similar structures to that of a normal oligodendrocyte. Furthermore, we review the literature and evaluate the usefulness of analyzing ultrastructures. Content Type Journal ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1380386 Wed, 16 Apr 2008 15:01:39 +0100 1380386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1380390&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb2746314knr25672%2F We report a 6-year-old boy who presented with a medulloblastoma demonstrating classic, myoblastic, neuronal, glial, and melanotic differentiation and manifesting as severe morning headache. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass lesion with cystic components in the cerebellar vermis. He underwent suboccipital craniotomy and total resection of the tumor. The specimen consisted of three morphologically distinct components. The first component consisted of densely packed cells with round-to-oval highly hyperchromatic nuclei surrounded by scanty cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining revealed diffuse expression of neurofilament protein and focal expression of desmin and myoglobin. The second component consisted of long spindle-shaped cells with elongated nuclei and eosinophilic cyto... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1380390 Wed, 16 Apr 2008 15:01:36 +0100 1380390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1380389&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkl0k0571j5655t46%2F Abstract  Diffuse gliomas are highly infiltrative intracranial tumors, but there are few useful markers for detecting infiltrating glioma cells in the surrounding brain tissue. Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that plays a crucial role in neuroblast migration. It was recently demonstrated that DCX is preferentially expressed in invasive gliomas. However, the sensitivity and specificity of DCX as a marker for infiltrating glioma cells have not been fully evaluated. We immunohistochemically analyzed the expression pattern of DCX in human gliomas and compared it with that of MAP-2e, another marker for infiltrating glioma cells. We found that DCX was expressed specifically in infiltrating gliomas, but not in reactive, existing glia. Not all our cases... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1380389 Wed, 16 Apr 2008 15:01:36 +0100 1380389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1380388&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu312331n42705302%2F Abstract  A 17-year-old male patient underwent surgery five times (four consecutive intracranial tumor removal surgeries and a final spinal tumor removal surgery). After the third surgery, this case was reported as a low-grade astroblastoma that is characterized by perivascular pseudorosettes consisting of elongated tumor cells arranged around the blood vessels. However, the fourth and fifth surgical specimens demonstrated very interesting histological changes in the astroblastoma. Through the course of relapses, the constituent cells of the astroblastic perivascular rosettes became smaller and rounder, and a multilayered cell arrangement was observed. The nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio increased, and the compact intervascular cells ultimately lost glial fibrillary acidic prote... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1380388 Wed, 16 Apr 2008 15:01:36 +0100 1380388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1380387&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F441037h02609v012%2F Abstract  Ten glioma cell lines were examined for abnormalities of exon 1β of the p14 gene and then for abnormalities of the entire p14 gene with the use of previous findings of other exons. Abnormalities of exon 1β and the entire p14 gene were detected in eight of ten cases: homozygous deletion of the entire gene in six cases, hemizygous deletion of exon 1β with homozygous deletion of downstream exons in one case, and hemizygous deletion of the entire coding region with a missense mutation (A97V) at the C-terminal nucleolar localization domain in one case. The remaining two cases revealed tno such abnormalities. p14 gene expression was observed in the latter two cases and one case with A97V mutation in the hemizygously deleted coding region, but not in the others, inclu... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1380387 Wed, 16 Apr 2008 15:01:36 +0100 1380387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1380391&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F352407612234n231%2F Abstract  Central nervous system (CNS) neuroblastoma/ganglioneuroblastoma is one of the embryonal tumors with neuronal differentiation found in young adults, but it is most common in children, especially in those below the age of 5 years, whereas extraventricular neurocytoma, a rare neuroepithelial tumor with neuronal differentiation, mostly affects young adults. Here we present a rare case of cerebral ganglioneuronal tumor that occurred in a 32-year-old woman. The patient suffered from tonic convulsion, and computed tomography demonstrated a well-demarcated, round tumor 3.3 cm in size with marked calcification in the right parietal lobe. Histological analysis revealed diffuse infiltration of small, round cells with scattered large ganglion-like cells. Immunohistochemically... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1380391 Wed, 16 Apr 2008 15:01:34 +0100 1380391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1047347&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq7201q275h4w7366%2F Abstract   Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (S-PNET) that develop in children have recently been classified into two types: central-type PNET (C-PNET), which has been reported over the years, and peripheral-type PNET (P-PNET), which develops intracranially and was referred to as Ewing's sarcoma in the past. P-PNET is fundamentally a malignant tumor, but the patient reported here represents a case of long-term survival from onset without recurrence. At the age of 21 months, a male infant developed a cranial bone deformity and symptoms of high intracranial pressure. A CT scan revealed a cystic tumor attaching to the falx, and cyst drainage operation was immediately performed. The intracranial tumor was then resected. The tumor was an intradural extramedullary t... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1047347 Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:42:17 +0100 1047347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1047345&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F922837x940505585%2F Abstract  Cerebral edema is associated with common brain tumors. Aquaporine-4 (AQP4) is a member of the water channel protein family, which is thought to be a major factor regulating cerebral edema. To elucidate the characterization of the expression of AQP4 and the relationship of the expression of VEGF, we investigated the expression of AQP4 in tumors of the central nervous system immunohistochemically. Brain tumors and nontumorous cerebral tissue for control were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining using anti-AQP4, VEGF, CD34, and MIB-1. In tumor cells, only glial tumor cells showed a positive reaction for AQP4. The reactivities for immunostaining increased according to WHO grades. Reactive glial cells in edematous tissue also showed positive reactions. Although en... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1047345 Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:42:17 +0100 1047345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1047344&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1581517162062315%2F Abstract  A 55-year-old woman presented with a right trigeminal dysfunction (dysesthesia) initially, followed by right oculomotor and abducens paresis lasting 1 month. Neuroimaging studies showed an enhanced mass in the right cavernous sinus extending to the trigeminal ganglion. The extraparenchymal tumor located around the right trigeminal ganglion was totally removed, except for an intracavernous lesion, by the orbitozygomatic approach. The solid tumor was completely separated from the brainstem and seemed to be a trigeminal schwannoma arising from the trigeminal ganglion or cavernous sinus at surgery. A histological examination, however, found a typical malignant glioma that consisted primarily of astrocytic tumor cells. Immunohistochemical staining showed the tumor cell... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1047344 Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:42:17 +0100 1047344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1047342&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh4508258x3r5764j%2F We report a case of oligoastrocytoma resembling dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) with malignant transformation. A 35-year-old woman presented with headache and generalized convulsion in May 2003. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an extensive left temporal lobe tumor. She underwent partial resection of the tumor under awake surgery, while preserving her language function. The surgical specimen showed that the majority of the tumor was composed of a glioneuronal element. However, there was also an abundant oligoastrocytoma component. Therefore, our first pathological diagnosis was oligoastrocytoma and DNT. She then underwent radiation therapy. The tumor recurred at the left temporal lobe in June 2005. She then underwent open biopsy. The pathological diagnosis was a... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1047342 Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:42:17 +0100 1047342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1047349&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0u73388167836wkx%2F Abstract  We performed a pathological study to identify the locus of production of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in human metastatic brain tumors. Patients with metastatic brain tumors (n = 11) received 1 g of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) perorally 2 h before undergoing surgery. The target region was exposed to laser light with a peak wavelength of 405 � 1 nm and an output of 40 mW. Tissue samples from the tumor bulk and surrounding areas were examined by histological and fluorescence methods. Of the 11 tumors, 9 manifested PPIX fluorescence in the tumor bulk and peritumoral brain tissue. Our findings indicate that PPIX fluorescence can be observed in peritumoral edematous areas that are free of neoplastic cells, because PPIX produced by neoplastic cells leaks into the... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1047349 Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:42:16 +0100 1047349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1047348&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy183283r5423u86x%2F We examined the expression of p53 and the MIB-1 labeling index (LI), assessed by Ki-67 expression, in 19 tumors (initial, n = 11; recurrent, n = 8) from 11 patients. The correlation among the MIB-1 LI, p53 expression, and the clinical outcome was analyzed. The mean MIB-1 LI and p53 expression at the initial surgery were 5.6 � 4.6% and 9.0 � 9.4%, respectively. At the time of recurrence, the mean MIB-1 LI and p53 expression were 10.2 � 7.4% and 16.5 � 12.0%. The correlation between the MIB-1 LI and p53 expression at the initial and recurrent surgeries was highly significant (r = 0.948; P < 0.0001). The change in p53 expression from the initial to the recurrent chordomas was significantly greater in patients who died of tumor-related causes than in the surviving patients. In ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1047348 Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:42:16 +0100 1047348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1047346&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8454774v88756738%2F Abstract  Intraoperative rapid diagnosis has been a useful neurosurgery tool for maximal resection and minimal morbidity. However, only a few studies have been conducted regarding diagnostic accuracy and associated problems. The present study reviews our experience in treating patients and investigates the accuracy and problems associated with intraoperative rapid diagnosis in surgical neuropathology. There were 180 cases of intracranial lesions excluding pituitary lesions. The patients consisted of 89 males and 91 females, ranging from 5 months to 84 years, with a mean age of 46 years. Of the 180 cases, 152 cases received open surgery, 28 cases had stereotactic surgery including a biopsy and were histologically verified. The correlation between the intraoperative diagnosis... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1047346 Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:42:16 +0100 1047346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1047343&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg817031444k58228%2F Abstract  The role of prolactin (PRL) in the CNS remains uncertain. We evaluated the presence of hyperprolactinemia, intracellular prolactin (ICP), and prolactin receptor (PRL-R) in primary CNS tumors, and their relationship with cellular replication with a prospective cross-sectional study of 82 consecutive patients with primary CNS tumors admitted for neurosurgical resection between October 2003 and September 2005. Patients submitted to a questionnaire, and venous blood samples were obtained for measurement of serum PRL and TSH. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the presence of ICP, PRL-R, and Ki-67. Serum PRL levels ranged from 2 to 70 ng/ml, and hyperprolactinemia was detected in 25 cases (30.5%). ICP was detected in 18 patients (21.9%), in whom ... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1047343 Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:42:16 +0100 1047343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=643665&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F58210958k8075001%2F Abstract  Surgery with following chemoradiotherapy is the mainstream glioma treatment. In the course of postradiation events, however, it is sometimes difficult for neurosurgeons, radiologists, and pathologists to discriminate tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, on chromosome 7, is known to gain in copy number frequently in high-grade gliomas. The authors applied the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method to observe the gene's numerical status in pre- and postradiation glioma samples to elucidate whether this technique is useful in the discrimination of glioma recurrence from radiation necrosis. When 15 postradiation glioma samples and 4 postradiation nonglioma samples were tested, all the recurrent glioma tis... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=643665 Sat, 26 May 2007 14:36:14 +0100 643665 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=643666&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv93xl15440g81575%2F We describe a case of an intracranial solitary fibrous tumor that recurred three times consecutively in an 11-year period. A 72-year-old man presented with a headache and gait disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a dumbbell tumor at the left tentorium. The tumor was removed but recurred. The first diagnosis was hemangiopericytoma, but all specimens showed a “patternless pattern” and few reticulin fibers, which features were not compatible with hemangiopericytoma. All tumors showed immunoreactivity for CD34 and bcl-2. These results point to a solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) and not to hemangiopericytoma. We present here a hypercellular spindle-cell tumor that was very similar to hemangiopericytoma but is better diagnosed as SFT. Content TypeJournal Article J... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=643666 Sat, 26 May 2007 14:36:09 +0100 643666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=643664&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl321418x75332089%2F Abstract  Lhermitte–Duclos disease is a rare clinical entity characterized by slow deformation of the cerebellar lesion. A 53-year-old woman presented with Lherimitte–Duclos disease manifesting as ataxic gait, occipital headache, and loss of consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated striated and laminar pattern lesions in the right cerebellar hemisphere and vermis. She underwent subtotal removal of the vermis compressing the brainstem, but the cerebellar hemisphere appeared normal and was preserved. Histological findings were consistent with Lherimitte–Duclos disease. Two years later, magnetic resonance imaging revealed enlargement of the right hemispheric lesion. Intraoperative appearance of the hemisphere demonstrated marked enlargement of the folia. Su... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=643664 Sat, 26 May 2007 14:36:05 +0100 643664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=643668&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc0p714426k14h360%2F Abstract  Glioblastoma is the most malignant and frequent of the glial tumors. A minor fraction of glioblastoma may contain areas showing oligodendroglioma-like tumor cell differentiation. Several authors have described such tumors as glioblastoma with oligodendroglial component (GBMO). GBMO may represent the ultimate level of malignancy in the oligodendroglial lineage. The oligodendroglial component and combined loss of chromosomal arm 1p and 19q in glioblastoma indicate increased survival. In our study, we analyzed 1p and 19q status in a series of 12 glioblastoma and 8 oligodendroglial tumors using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on paraffin-embedded tissues. In each case, hybridization status was classified as deletion, imbalance, polysomy, amplification, or no... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=643668 Sat, 26 May 2007 14:36:01 +0100 643668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=643663&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F427841w0tt8ut10n%2F Abstract  Early effects of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) on malignant glioma are characterized by reduction of the enhancement area and regression of the peritumoral edema radiologically. The aim of this study was to investigate the early histological changes of tumors and inflammatory cells after BNCT in the rat brain. Rats were treated with BNCT using boronophenylalanine (BPA) 7 days after implantation of C6 glioma cells. The tumors were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological examination at 4 days after BNCT. The mean tumor volumes were 39 2 mm3 in the BNCT group and 134 18 mm3 in the control group. In the BNCT group, tumor cells showed a less pleomorphic appearance with atypical nuclei and mitotic figures. The Ki-67 labeling index was 6.... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=643663 Sat, 26 May 2007 14:35:55 +0100 643663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=643667&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu37755q2w2307606%2F We report an unusual case of extraventricular (cerebral) neurocytoma with a long, 25-year history, and which appeared to transform to neuroblastoma. In 1978, an 18-year-old woman was treated for right frontal oligodendroglioma. Eighteen years later (in 1996), recurrence of tumor in the fourth ventricle was noted and was treated with gamma-knife radiotherapy. The tumor shrunk transiently, but 7 years later (in 2004), MRI study demonstrated a second recurrence and ventricular dissemination. Partial removal was performed, and histological examination revealed that tumor cells had round or oval nuclei with halos. Frequent mitoses and vascular proliferation were observed. The MIB-1 LI was 80%. Despite postoperative whole-brain radiotherapy to a total dose of 30 Gy, the tumor progressed,... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=643667 Sat, 26 May 2007 14:35:53 +0100 643667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=643662&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk2823110l31v5221%2F We report here a rare case of supratentorial ectopic cortical ependymoma. This tumor was localized in the left angular gyrus, occurred with intratumoral hemorrhage, was attached to the dura mater, exhibited no continuity with the ventricular system, showed distinctive pathological features (perivascular pseudo-rosette formations and firework-like giant rosette formations), and finally transformed to a glioblastoma-like high-grade lesion. A cortical ependymoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of supratentorial cortical tumors with intraparenchymal hemorrhage and high vascularity, even if not in contact with the ventricular system. Although malignant transformation is unusual in cortical ependymoma, close observation and adjunctive radiotherapy are strongly recommende... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=643662 Sat, 26 May 2007 14:35:50 +0100 643662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=243439&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft81372542g432177%2F Abstract  The present study was performed to investigate two cases with ringlike enhanced lesions mimicking malignant tumors on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine the utility of thallium-201 single-photon emission tomography (201Tl-SPECT) and diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) for differential diagnosis between neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions. One patient was a 50-year-old man who presented with a right caudate lesion. The 201Tl-SPECT study revealed no uptake in the lesion. Stereotactic biopsy was performed, and pathological findings indicated cerebral infarction. The other patient was a 58-year-old woman who presented with a right frontal lesion with edema. DWI showed a hypointense signal, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) revealed a hyperintense sign... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=243439 Thu, 19 Oct 2006 07:54:32 +0100 243439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=243437&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F31868577g767713x%2F We report a rare case of tanycytic ependymoma arising from the cerebral hemisphere. A 59-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of the incidental detection by MRI of a tumor lesion in the right temporooccipital paratrigonal region. The mass showed low-to iso-intensity on T1-weighted images and high intensity on T2/proton-weighted images. Partial resection was performed using a transsulcal approach to avoid compromising the visual field. Most of the tumor cells showed elongated spindle shapes arranged in dense fascicles. A few true ependymal rosettes and perivascular pseudorosettes were visible. The tumor cells were positive for GFAP, S-100, and vimentin, but negative for synaptophysin, EMA, and keratin. The MIB-1 labeling index was approximately 1%. Ultrastructurally, the t... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=243437 Thu, 19 Oct 2006 07:54:32 +0100 243437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=243441&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fau781h4160846385%2F We report a case of intracranial germ cell tumor that showed pathological changes from neurohypophyseal germinoma to mixed germ cell tumors consisting exclusively of undifferentiated sarcomatous component after radiochemotherapy. Three surgical specimens and autopsied brain from the patient were histologically examined. An initial specimen from the neurohypophyseal tumor was diagnosed as germinoma with a two-cell pattern. Five years later, after repeated radiochemotherapy, the second specimen resected from the right temporal lobe showed mixed germ cell tumors consisting of the three components of germinoma, choriocarcinoma, and immature teratoma. Six months later after intensive radiotherapy, the right temporal tumor recurred and was surgically removed. The histological diagnosis was... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=243441 Thu, 19 Oct 2006 07:54:31 +0100 243441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=243436&cid=s_33459_25_f&fid=33459&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj3744132uv156g72%2F Abstract  To clarify the role of p27/Kip1 (p27) in primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs), we examined p27 expression by immunohistochemical methods in a series of 22 patients with PCNSL. We attempted to correlate the expression of p27 with proliferation potential and prognosis. Although the MIB-1 labeling index (LI) was lower in tumors with low p27 expression (26.7% ± 17.2% vs 38.1% ± 16.3%), it was not significantly different from that of tumors with high p27 expression (P = 0.1253). Survival analysis revealed that high p27 expression was significantly associated with poorer overall prognosis (P = 0.0011); however, the MIB-1 LI were not associated with prognosis. Our results suggest p27 as a predictor of prognosis in patients with PCNSL. Content TypeJournal Article... Brain Tumor Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=243436 Thu, 19 Oct 2006 07:54:31 +0100 243436