MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'British Journal of Criminology - recent issues' source. Sat, 20 Mar 2010 16:23:47 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254152&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F391%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254152 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:38 +0100 3254152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254151&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F388%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254151 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:38 +0100 3254151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254150&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F385%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254150 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:37 +0100 3254150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254149&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F381%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254149 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:37 +0100 3254149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254148&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F379%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254148 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:37 +0100 3254148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254147&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F360%3Frss%3D1 Prison ethnographers have tended to downplay the epistemological and methodological dilemmas relating to identity and positionality, which have been more commonly rehearsed in anthropological and sociological ethnographies. This paper explores these issues through a reflexive interrogation of a study of prisoner identities and social relations in two male prisons, with a particular focus on race/ethnicity, class and gender. Drawing from interactions with two prisoners as case studies, it applies Walkerdine et al.’s (2001) psycho-social analytical frame to illustrate how the subjectivities and biographies of researchers are implicated in the dynamics of prison research encounters and analysis. In doing so, it considers the epistemological implications of reflexive practice for interpr... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254147 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:37 +0100 3254147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254146&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F342%3Frss%3D1 It is 21 years since the publication of the author's Flashpoints: Studies in Public Disorder. In this book, and in subsequent publications, David Waddington and his colleagues have outlined and refined the so-called Flashpoints Model of Public Disorder, which has underpinned separate analyses of orderly and disorderly crowd events in Britain, Europe, Asia, Australasia, and North and South America. The model has had its critics and detractors—the most recent being Paul Bagguley and Yasmin Hussain, who level several criticisms at the model in their book, Riotous Citizens: Ethnic Conflict in Multicultural Britain, an analysis of the 2001 Bradford riot. This paper not only addresses these criticisms, but uses Bagguley and Hussain's own account as the basis of a re-analysis of the Bradfor... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254146 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:37 +0100 3254146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254145&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F320%3Frss%3D1 This paper attempts to answer the question: why do the police use deadly force in a democratic country? Police shootings in India are better known as encounters, a term that refers to a specific type of police contact—a spontaneous, unplanned ‘shoot-out’ between the police and alleged criminals, in which the criminal is usually killed, with few or no police injuries. The police use of deadly force remains largely unquestioned or unaccountable. This paper explores the wider structural and systemic factors that create conditions in which killing ‘hardened’ criminals seems to be the last resort for the police to gain some control in the fight against crime. Wider cultural and specifically police sub-cultural factors that make police killing of alleged criminals b... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254145 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:37 +0100 3254145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254144&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F296%3Frss%3D1 Nearly every study of police corruption hypothesizes that public experience of police corruption undermines the moral standing of the police. However, scarcely any studies actually test the hypothesis. My aim in this empirical study is to compare the effects of three dimensions of police corruption on perceptions of police trustworthiness, procedural justice and effectiveness. These three dimensions of corruption are personal experience, vicarious experience and subjective evaluations of police anti-corruption measures. The data come from a survey of people living in Accra, Ghana. The findings show that both vicarious experiences of corruption and satisfaction with reform measures explain assessments of police trustworthiness, procedural justice and effectiveness, but that personal experie... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254144 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:37 +0100 3254144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254143&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F278%3Frss%3D1 In this paper, we examine the influence of the ‘anti-snitching code’ on attitudes towards reporting criminal victimization among the homeless. Using research data from a study of criminal victimization, we analyse how gender structures attitudes towards crime reporting, creating what we term a ‘chivalry exception’ to the ‘anti-snitching code’. In essence, the chivalry exception is a form of benevolent sexism that embodies the belief that women are inherently vulnerable and thus in need of greater protection. This exception is rejected by many women, some of whom reject it as symbolic of female vulnerability, whereas others remain fearful of retaliatory violence. These findings have larger implications for future efforts to address failures to report crim... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254143 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:37 +0100 3254143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254142&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F259%3Frss%3D1 This article represents the first serious attempt to compare Scottish policing with other British municipal police and improvement models between 1800 and 1835. It is concerned with assessing whether the Scottish experience was distinct from other parts of the United Kingdom and the implications of this for British police historiography and typology. It argues that the Scottish model was much closer to English experience than has hitherto been contended, but which, nonetheless, had distinguishing characteristics tailored to meet specific indigenous needs, customs and practices. Any attempt to construct a British police typology must move beyond the institutional confines of accountability and organization and take account of legal, cultural and intellectual structures and influences. (Sour... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254142 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:37 +0100 3254142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254141&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F239%3Frss%3D1 This article aims at providing an account of the social organization of the cigarette counterfeiting business in the People's Republic of China—a business that has been feeding the cigarette black markets around the globe. Specifically, we aim to exhibit the scale and nature of cigarette counterfeiting in mainland China, describe the practices and actors in the different phases of the trade, and examine the role of corruption and violence in the particular business. We argue that cigarette counterfeiting is one of the side effects of China's reform and ‘opening up’ policy, and a feature of the country's economic development process. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254141 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:37 +0100 3254141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254140&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F222%3Frss%3D1 Using Danish registers for a 1980 birth cohort of 29,944 males with parental information and following up these cases for 25 years, the study considers four paradigms of crime reduction (parental child rearing, structural factors around adolescence, locality and individual resources). Focusing on offenders with first-time convictions for shoplifting (n = 1,989), for burglary (n = 1,324) and for violence (n = 1,901), all four paradigms made a contribution to risk of first-time offending for all three crimes. The counter-factual analysis indicated that a focus on structural issues within a society may have more widespread benefits, but the assumed causal links need to be further explored. The use of population registers, under controlled conditions, provides an important window on criminal c... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254140 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:37 +0100 3254140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254139&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F206%3Frss%3D1 Recent criminological literature, mainly based on experiences in the United States and the United Kingdom, suggests that Western societies have witnessed a shift from rehabilitation to repression and from inclusion to exclusion. However, in a socio-historical case study of national and local policies dealing with Travellers in the Netherlands—a group regarded as highly deviant—we found that rehabilitation remains the primary aim, albeit that the policy of rehabilitation recently has taken on a much more compulsory character. This policy can be conceived of as a practice of ‘repressive inclusion’. Only detailed and empirical research on policies directed at strategically chosen groups in different institutional settings can decide whether this policy of repressive in... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254139 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:37 +0100 3254139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254138&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F185%3Frss%3D1 Corporal punishment as a sanction for criminal offenders has a long global history. While most North American and European countries have abandoned such methods, corporal punishment is still a mainstay of criminal justice in many parts of the world. Employing a Foucauldian framework, we posit that the distribution of social power plays a determinative role in the retention of corporal punishment practices. Using economic disparity as a proxy for social power, we find that countries with greater relative economic inequality are more likely to employ corporal punishment as a possible sanction against criminal offenders. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254138 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:37 +0100 3254138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254137&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F2%2F165%3Frss%3D1 This article is concerned with the spectacle of crime in the ‘new’ South Africa. I offer a sociological explanation for why crime plays such an important role in governance in South Africa. I identify both continuities and shifts between the ‘old’ and ‘new’ techniques of rule, showing how the very construction of crime and controversies about measuring it are constituted by and constitutive of power relations within society. The interconnected themes that I address are the changing relationship between crime and politics as the African National Congress went from being a resistance organization to governing party and the changing relationship between crime and race. The period that my research covers is from 1976 to 2004. (Source: British Journal of Crim... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254137 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 18:57:37 +0100 3254137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070920&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F1%2F161%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070920 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:06:13 +0100 3070920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070919&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F1%2F158%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070919 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:06:13 +0100 3070919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070918&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F1%2F156%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070918 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:06:13 +0100 3070918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070917&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F1%2F153%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070917 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:06:13 +0100 3070917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070916&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F1%2F150%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070916 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:06:13 +0100 3070916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070915&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F1%2F147%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070915 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:06:13 +0100 3070915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070914&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F1%2F145%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070914 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:06:13 +0100 3070914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070913&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F1%2F124%3Frss%3D1 Environmental crimes, noncompliance and risks create significant harm to the health of humans and the natural world. Yet, the field of criminology has historically shown relatively little interest in the topic. The emergence of environmental or green criminology over the past decade marks a shift in this trend, but attempts to define a unique area of study have been extensively criticized. In the following paper, we offer a conceptual framework, called conservation criminology, designed to advance current discussions of green crime via the integration of criminology with natural resource disciplines and risk and decision sciences. Implications of the framework for criminological and general research on environmental crime and risks are discussed. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - r... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070913 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:06:13 +0100 3070913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070912&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F1%2F102%3Frss%3D1 This paper investigates criminal trajectories of individuals who are involved in organized crime. A semiparametric group-model is used to cluster 854 individuals into groups with similar developmental trajectories. The most important findings of the study relate to the substantial group of adult-onset offenders (40 per cent) and a group without any previous criminal records (19 per cent), next to a group of early starters (11 per cent) and a group of persisters (30 per cent). Up to date, no trajectory study has discovered such a vast share of adult-onset offenders. Furthermore, the findings turn out to be quite robust, if trajectory analyses are applied to different kinds of criminal activities and to different roles in criminal groups. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issu... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070912 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:06:13 +0100 3070912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070911&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F1%2F82%3Frss%3D1 The dominant Australian approaches to the study of illicit drug markets are surveillance and criminological research. In this paper, we outline the main features of these approaches before presenting a critical discussion of some of their methods, assumptions and modes of analysis. We argue that these approaches are limited in terms of their methods; reliance on neo-classical economic models; abstraction from local contexts; oversight of social, cultural and political processes; exclusive focus on commercial transactions; under-theorizing of the market; and narrow conceptions of drug market subjects. We conclude by beginning to outline an alternative framework that draws on the anthropology and sociology of markets and that may lead to more nuanced understandings of illicit drug markets. (... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070911 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:06:13 +0100 3070911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070910&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F1%2F66%3Frss%3D1 Co-offending has a major impact on the arithmetic of crime rates and the burdens on the justice system. This paper studies co-offending by single year of age using data that comprise 750,000 negative police contacts (those charged, chargeable and suspected in criminal offenses) in a largely metropolitan dataset from British Columbia, Canada, 2002–06. We find that shifts in co-offending rates within teenage years are extremely rapid and highly sensitive to sample age ranges, such that a single co-offending rate for all teenagers is misleading. Co-offending opens a range of policy options and issues concerning the presence of youth hangouts and offender convergence settings that can assist the search for suitable co-offenders. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070910 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:06:13 +0100 3070910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070909&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F1%2F46%3Frss%3D1 This paper documents the vulnerability of the UK workplace safety regime to ‘regulatory degradation’. Following a brief overview of this regime, the paper examines the dominant arguments within academic literature on appropriate and feasible regulatory enforcement, arguing that the approaches to regulation thereby advocated have been easily degraded as a result of their compatibility with neo-liberal economic strategy. A subsequent analysis of empirical trends within safety enforcement reveals a virtual collapse of formal enforcement, as political and resource pressures have taken their toll on the regulatory authority. Finally, the paper indicates that the increasing impunity with which employers can kill and injure is particularly problematic as we enter sustained economic re... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070909 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:06:13 +0100 3070909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070908&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F1%2F23%3Frss%3D1 The unfolding market crisis reveals evasions of regulatory controls and frauds that were less visible in buoyant markets. International networking of regulators and those they regulated resulted in convergence of regulatory standards—and creation of common ‘blind spots’—corresponding to private sector assumptions, ‘models’, data and mood. Moving forward, this paper suggests that the literature on security governance can be used to re-frame market regulation. Going against calls for a tightening of convergence between regulatory regimes, the paper argues for regulatory diversity as a means for reducing market ‘herding’ and the consequent systemic risks. Regulatory diversity would correspond to a political strategy of democratic steering of reg... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070908 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:06:13 +0100 3070908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070907&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F1%2F1%3Frss%3D1 Fear of crime is widely seen as an unqualified social ill, yet might some level of emotional response comprise a natural defence against crime? Our methodology differentiates between a dysfunctional worry that erodes quality of life and a functional worry that motivates vigilance and routine precaution. A London-based survey shows that one-quarter of those individuals who said they were worried about crime also viewed their worry as something akin to a problem-solving activity: they took precautions; these precautions that made them feel safer; and neither the precautions nor the worries reduced the quality of their lives. Fear of crime can therefore be helpful as well as harmful: some people are both able and willing to convert their concerns into constructive action. (Source: British Jou... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070907 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:06:13 +0100 3070907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894203&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F935%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894203 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:04 +0100 2894203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894202&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F933%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894202 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:04 +0100 2894202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894201&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F930%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894201 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:04 +0100 2894201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894200&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F928%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894200 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:04 +0100 2894200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894199&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F925%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894199 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:04 +0100 2894199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894198&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F922%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894198 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:04 +0100 2894198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894197&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F919%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894197 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:04 +0100 2894197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894196&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F916%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894196 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:04 +0100 2894196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894195&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F900%3Frss%3D1 Miscarriages of justice are often only exposed through the extra-judicial activities of parties determined to fight for a particular cause, involving those closest to victims of miscarriages of justice. This paper examines the role of women, and particularly of mothers, in such justice campaigns and the extent to which there is a gendered dimension to campaigns against injustice. Based on interviews with those closely associated with justice campaigns, the paper argues that women tend to occupy a special, powerful place in campaigns against miscarriages of justice, one interwoven with familial relationships. The paper proceeds to relate this ‘special’ place to differential processes of grieving and the dynamics of women's engagement with protest and campaigning more generally. ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894195 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:04 +0100 2894195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894194&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F879%3Frss%3D1 This study uses multivariate statistical techniques on national data for 2006–07 to examine the characteristics significantly predicting completion rates for General Offending Programmes. In particular, it uses criminogenic factors from the OASys risk-assessment tool to identify the features predicting compliance, as captured by the Interim Accredited Programmes System (IAPS), and determine whether they differ between men and women. The results show significant variation between the women and men in the predictors of programme completion. The practical implications of these for research, policy and practice are discussed. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894194 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:03 +0100 2894194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894193&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F863%3Frss%3D1 This article presents a critical review of the taxonomic theory of adolescent-limited and life-course persistent anti-social behaviour (Moffitt 1993) and its empirical evidence. This influential theory suggests that there are two qualitatively distinct types of offenders that require distinct theoretical explanations. Moreover, the empirical evidence for the typology is considered to be strong, at least by some. I discuss along three lines: first, to what extent the taxonomy should be interpreted literally; second, whether the suggested mechanisms are likely to produce the hypothesized groups; third, whether some of the most important empirical evidence really does support the theory. I conclude that the theoretical arguments are surprisingly unclear on key issues and that the empirical ev... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894193 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:03 +0100 2894193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894192&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F848%3Frss%3D1 There is a stark contrast between heightened perceptions of risk associated with drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) and a lack of evidence that this is a widespread threat. Through surveys and interviews with university students in the United Kingdom and United States, we explore knowledge and beliefs about drink-spiking and the linked threat of sexual assault. University students in both locations are not only widely sensitized to the issue, but substantial segments claim first- or second-hand experience of particular incidents. We explore students’ understanding of the DFSA threat in relationship to their attitudes concerning alcohol, binge-drinking, and responsibility for personal safety. We suggest that the drink-spiking narrative has a functional appeal in relation to the co... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894192 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:03 +0100 2894192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894191&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F832%3Frss%3D1 Public insecurities about crime are widely assumed to erode individual well-being and community cohesion. Yet, robust evidence on the link between worry about crime and health is surprisingly scarce. This paper draws on data from a prospective cohort study (the Whitehall II study) to show a strong statistical effect of mental health and physical functioning on worry about crime. Combining with existing evidence, we suggest a feedback model in which worry about crime harms health, which, in turn, serves to heighten worry about crime. We conclude with the idea that, while fear of crime may express a whole set of social and political anxieties, there is a core to worry about crime that is implicated in real cycles of decreased health and perceived vulnerability to victimization. The challenge... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894191 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:03 +0100 2894191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894190&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F810%3Frss%3D1 This article argues that the language of regulation has been appropriated and deployed to cloak and legitimize ambitious (yet ambiguous) bouts of hyper-active state interventionism. These may have more to do with quests to demonstrate government's capacity to be seen to be doing something tangible about public anxieties than with meaningful behavioural change. Rather, regulatory ideas are being used to circumvent and erode established criminal justice principles, notably those of due process, proportionality and special protections traditionally afforded to young people. Consequently, novel technologies of control have resulted in more intensive and earlier interventions. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894190 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:03 +0100 2894190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894189&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F788%3Frss%3D1 This study is the first of a two paper series on the relationship between democratization and police attitudes, preferences and behaviours. This study reports the results of a pilot study of 315 police supervisors from 22 transitioning nations asking about their preferences towards two different styles of crime prevention—community-oriented policing and zero tolerance approaches. The results indicate that the officers from countries more democratically consolidated tend to have stronger relative preferences towards community-oriented policing over zero tolerance styles. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894189 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:03 +0100 2894189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894188&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F772%3Frss%3D1 This study focuses on a combination of security, minority and economic threats that occurred concurrently during the Second Intifada in Israel and their impact on social control. The Israeli situation provides a unique opportunity for implementing the natural experiment approach. This study was based on an interrupted time-series analysis of a restricted time period, namely 1995–2005. ARMA models were used to examine the effects of Intifada period, terrorist attacks, unemployment rates and ethnic origin on pre-trial detention rates. The findings support the minority threat hypothesis. A strong and statistically significant interaction effect was found between the Second Intifada and ethnic origin: pre-trial detentions of Arabs increased during the Intifada and were higher than those ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894188 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:03 +0100 2894188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894187&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F755%3Frss%3D1 Since the implementation of the 1998 Crime and Disorder Act, courts in England and Wales have seen an increase in the number of racially aggravated charges brought before them. However, the extent to which racism is central, rather than ancillary to, the offences prosecuted under this law remains contested, both in individual legal cases and in criminological writing about hate and bias-motivated crime. Using the narrative accounts of one man convicted of perpetrating a racially aggravated assault, this article outlines how important it is to engage with the complexity of motivation as it is perceived by offenders and the necessity of developing analytic approaches capable of transcending what offenders say about their attitudes to race. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent iss... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894187 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:03 +0100 2894187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894186&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F736%3Frss%3D1 Since the events of 11 September 2001, Muslim minority groups have been subjected to pervasive scrutiny in the United Kingdom. The 7 July 2005 attacks have led to young Muslims’ being party to intensified modes of monitoring, surveillance and intervention by crime and security agencies. The introduction of multiple forms of counter-terrorism regulation by the state has been underpinned by discourses of (in)security, which have defined British Muslims en bloc as a risky, suspect population. Against this wider backdrop, this paper presents the findings from a study investigating the effects of these processes on young British Pakistanis in the North-West of England. Giving voice to these young people, we explore their responses to risk-victimization and articulate the impacts of legal ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894186 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:03 +0100 2894186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2894185&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F6%2F719%3Frss%3D1 Over the past decades, scholars have paid greater attention to sexual violence, in both theorization and empirical analysis. One area that has been largely ignored, however, is sexual violence during times of armed conflict. This paper examines the nature and dynamics of sexual violence as it occurred during the 1994 Rwandan genocide. Drawing upon testimonies given to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), descriptions of rapes—both singular and mass—were qualitatively analysed. In general, three broad types of assaults were identified: opportunistic assaults, which seemed to be a product of the disorder inherent within the conflict; episodes of sexual enslavement; and genocidal rapes, which were framed by the broader genocidal endeavours occurring at the time. ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2894185 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:44:03 +0100 2894185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2711879&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F5%2F702%3Frss%3D1 This article looks at aspects of the war on terror from the perspective of a concern to defend the ideal of justice. Under headings of justice and legality, the lesser evil, the threat to liberal values, and justice and the other, war and occupation, torture, curtailment of civil liberties and the extent to which we each have a responsibility to protect the rights of those who are not our fellow citizens and who do not appear to share our values and our commitments to rights and freedoms are discussed. Recent writings by Michael Walzer on just and unjust wars, Michael Ignatieff on the use of the lesser evil, Jacques Derrida on the rights of the stranger to hospitality and Drucilla Cornell on the need to defend our ideals at the time when we are most likely to forsake them are drawn upon to... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2711879 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2711879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2711878&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F5%2F686%3Frss%3D1 This article argues that there is value in engaging with the IR debates on the exception. From the perspective of IR, the exception makes possible different insights about the dialectics between law and crime by unpacking the constitutive role of the politics of fear, the importance of the ‘international’ and the transformed relationship to the future. It also exposes the deteriorating effects of the ‘war on terror’ on justice, democracy and social transformation. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2711878 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2711878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2711877&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F5%2F667%3Frss%3D1 Research indicates that Islam is the fastest growing religion among prisoners in Western nations. In the United States, roughly 240,000 inmates have converted to the faith since the 9/11 attacks. According to federal law enforcement, Saudi-backed Wahhabi clerics have targeted these prisoners for terrorist recruitment. The present research examines this claim from several different perspectives. First, it reviews the literature on prisoner conversions to Islam and concludes that there are opposing viewpoints on the matter. One side of the debate takes an alarmist stance, arguing that prisons have become incubators for Islamic terrorism; the other side asserts that Islam plays a vital role in prisoner rehabilitation. Second, results of a two-year study of prisoner radicalization and terroris... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2711877 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2711877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2711876&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F5%2F646%3Frss%3D1 The ‘war on terror’ has emerged as the principal conflict of our time, where ‘Islamic fanaticism’ is identified as the greatest threat to Western liberal democracies. Within the United Kingdom, and beyond, this political discourse has designated Muslims as the new ‘enemy within’—justifying the introduction of counter-terrorist legislation and facilitating the construction of Muslims as a ‘suspect community’. In this paper, we develop Hillyard's (1993) notion of the ‘suspect community’ and evidence how Muslims have replaced the Irish as the main focus of the government's security agenda whilst also recognizing that some groups have been specifically targeted for state surveillance. We conclude that the categorization of Musli... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2711876 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2711876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2711875&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F5%2F628%3Frss%3D1 This article looks at pre-crime in the context of counter-terrorism. Pre-crime links coercive state actions to suspicion without the need for charge, prosecution or conviction. It also includes measures that expand the remit of the criminal law to include activities or associations that are deemed to precede the substantive offence targeted for prevention. The trend towards anticipating risks as a driving principle in criminal justice was identified well before 2001. However, risk and threat anticipation have substantially expanded in the context of contemporary counter-terrorism frameworks. Although pre-crime counter-terrorism measures are rationalized on the grounds of preventing terrorism, these measures do not fit in the frame of conventional crime prevention. The article argues that t... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2711875 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2711875 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2711874&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F5%2F609%3Frss%3D1 This article explores the connections between various forms of organized political violence and ostensibly private, non-political violence in post-invasion Iraq, focusing on gender-based violence and the links between militias and organized crime. We argue that, as in other civil wars, much of the violence is ‘dual-purpose’, simultaneously serving private and political goals, and that despite a decline in violence since 2007, the situation created by the overthrow of the previous dictatorship remains extremely dangerous. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2711874 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2711874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2711873&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F5%2F603%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2711873 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2711873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506974&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F599%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506974 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506973&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F597%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506973 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506972&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F594%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506972 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506971&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F591%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506971 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506970&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F588%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506970 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506969&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F585%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506969 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506968&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F582%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506968 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506967&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F580%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506967 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506966&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F577%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506966 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506965&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F574%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506965 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506964&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F552%3Frss%3D1 It has long been reported that many crimes are committed in groups, yet few studies of co-offending exist. In this paper, we argue that large-scale information on the prevalence of co-offending and its variations across age, gender and crime type is essential for the development of criminological theory and for the accurate estimation of important criminal justice measures like the probability of conviction and the incapacitative effects of imprisonment. To this end, we present results from the most extensive multivariate analysis of co-offending available in the United Kingdom to date. Findings indicate that a minority of detected crime implicated multiple offenders, and that co-offending decreased with age, was greater for females and was most common for robbery and burglary. Age, gender... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506964 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506963&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F532%3Frss%3D1 Despite the widespread use of conditions in various phases of the criminal justice system (e.g. bail, probation, parole), there has been little theoretical examination of their purposes or the implications associated with their use. This paper extends the theoretical discussion of women prisoners’ reintegration by focusing on parole conditions as a form of ‘targeted governance’. Using national data on federally sentenced female offenders in Canada, it shows how parole boards constitute the female parolee as a fractured subject consisting of various ‘risk/need factors’ to which parole conditions are applied. It also considers how conditions are techniques of targeted governance that exemplify an integrated exercise of penal power, which is simultaneously produc... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506963 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506962&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F513%3Frss%3D1 One of the most influential accounts of the causal connection between drug use and crime was developed by Paul Goldstein in a tripartite conceptual framework that divided explanations of the connection into ‘economic-compulsive’, ‘psychopharmacological’ and ‘systemic’ (Goldstein 1985). The aim of this paper is to examine the validity of the taxonomy in explained drug-related crime across different crime types and to identify some of the mechanisms involved. This was done by interviewing drug-misusing offenders currently serving sentences of imprisonment in the United Kingdom about the role of drug use in their recent crimes. The paper concludes that Goldstein's taxonomy should be refined to take into account the wide range of factors that influence the c... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506962 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506961&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F491%3Frss%3D1 Using official police records, interviews with motorcycle taxi drivers and the participant observation of their working activities in Tianzhi city, China, this paper examines how and why a dimension of social stratification—household registration (hukou)—is related to the risk of robbery victimization and attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of applying lifestyle/routine activity theory to contemporary urban China. It discloses that migrant motorcycle taxi drivers are highly overrepresented in robbery victimization. Their night-time working practices enhance their chances of being robbed by both increasing exposure to likely offenders and reducing the presence of capable guardians. The study further explores how a structural factor—motorcycle ban policy—shapes dif... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506961 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506960&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F472%3Frss%3D1 Western research has investigated individual correlates of fear of crime with a primary focus on people's vulnerability. This vulnerability model examines the possible effects on fear of indicators of people's physical vulnerability (e.g. age and gender) and social vulnerability (e.g. income and education). As is well documented in the research on China, guanxi is a unique aspect of social capital in Chinese society. The present study argues that guanxi in the immediate neighbourhood is an important indicator of the social vulnerability of individuals in urban China. We accordingly hypothesize that residents who have strong neighbourhood guanxi are less likely to be fearful of crime. This hypothesis is assessed with data collected from a recent survey in the city of Tianjin, China. The res... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506960 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506959&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F451%3Frss%3D1 The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) secured an agreement in 1989 among its member states to ban the international trade in ivory. This disruption of the international ivory market was intended to reverse a sharp decline in the African elephant population, which resulted from widespread poaching for ivory in the previous decade. The continent's overall population of elephants increased after the ban, but an analysis of elephant population data from 1979 to 2007 found that some of the 37 countries in Africa with elephants continued to lose substantial numbers of them. This pattern is largely explained by the presence of unregulated domestic ivory markets in and near countries with declines in elephant populations. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - rece... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506959 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506958&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2F439%3Frss%3D1 The most general lesson of the crime prevention literature is taken to be that repeat victimization and repeat offending are concentrated in time and space; early intervention to prevent wider inflammation of such hot spots is more effective than reactive general deterrence (as in economic models of crime). That prescription is applied to how the 2008 financial crisis might have been prevented and how the crimes of Enron and Arthur Andersen might have been tackled to ameliorate the 2001 crisis. Negative licensing based on walking the beat and kicking the tyres at financial hot spots, with reduced reliance on economic models of risk, is one remedy advocated. Then, the threat of negative licensing might be used to motivate restorative justice that transforms the ethical culture, particularly... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506958 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2506957&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F4%2FNP%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2506957 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2506957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2329463&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F3%2F435%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2329463 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2329463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2329462&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F3%2F433%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2329462 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2329462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2329461&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F3%2F430%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2329461 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2329461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2329460&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F3%2F427%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2329460 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2329460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2329459&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F3%2F425%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2329459 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2329459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2329458&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F3%2F421%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2329458 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2329458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2329457&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F3%2F418%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2329457 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2329457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2329456&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F3%2F399%3Frss%3D1 This article examines anew the factors that predict whether detainees in police custody request legal advice, a due process right, and whether those requests are met. It is primarily based on quantitative data collected from custody records, in one public and one privatized custody area in England and Wales, which are analysed using logistic regression. By comparing these two types of custody area, I was able to develop new insights into a neglected area of research. I conclude that privatized custody areas have unexpected consequences for procedural justice. The newer and less austere conditions may facilitate a higher proportion of requests for legal advice, which, in turn, results in higher absolute numbers of legal consultations, although a similar proportion of unmet requests. And, su... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2329456 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2329456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2329455&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F3%2F384%3Frss%3D1 Public confidence in the Criminal Justice System has been found to be relatively low compared to public confidence in many other institutions. This lack of confidence has been attributed, in part, to low public understanding of how the courts work. Greater experience with the justice system is often suggested as a way to increase confidence in its fairness, efficiency and effectiveness. In this article, therefore, we first explore the difficulties of assessing attitudes towards the Criminal Justice System and then, distinguishing between four types of experience, we use a multivariate model controlling for socio-demographic characteristics to map the effect of experience on evaluations of the fairness, efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal courts. Experience is found to have only a ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2329455 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2329455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2329454&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F3%2F363%3Frss%3D1 In 2006, the Government proposed allowing prosecutors in England and Wales to adduce ‘general’ expert witness testimony in rape cases. This initiative was based on two assumptions—first, that jurors currently lack an adequate understanding of rape complainants’ post-assault behaviour (which, in turn, generates inappropriate inferences regarding credibility) and, second, that expert testimony offers a useful vehicle for addressing such juror ignorance. In a previous article, the authors reported on a mock jury study that provided empirical support for the first of these claims—at least in regard to a complainant's calm demeanour, delayed reporting or lack of physical resistance. In this article, the authors investigate whether educational guidance presented at ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2329454 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2329454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2329453&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F3%2F343%3Frss%3D1 This article takes up this challenge. It re-describes and refines features common to their characterizations of ‘precaution’ and examines how this approach to risk management is playing out in the context of decision-making practices. We outline the significance of this process and show how precautionary logic is refiguring the institutions of law and science in the management of sexual and violent offenders. Lastly, we consider the implications of our analysis for the normative politics of risk and security by exploring how the approach to the future entailed in the paradigm enframes ‘security’ and arguably stifles democratic participation and innovation in ways of responding to our fears. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2329453 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2329453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2329452&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F3%2F326%3Frss%3D1 Workplace safety is undergoing a process of ‘responsibilization’. While employers have traditionally been the target of health and safety law, workers are increasingly assigned greater responsibility for their own safety at work and are held accountable, judged, and sanctioned through this lens. This is illustrated through an analysis of the rationales and mentalities of a new ticketing regulatory system in Canada whereby workers are targeted for sanctions and blamed for health and safety violations. Under the responsibilization strategy of health and safety, workers are not only re-defined as both potential victims and offenders but they also find themselves forced to adopt a rights-defined identity. This is a significant albeit subtle shift that paves the way for a host of ne... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2329452 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2329452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2329451&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F3%2F305%3Frss%3D1 While an increase in research on criminal desistance has occurred in recent years, little research has been applied to the gang field. Using qualitative interview data, this article examines fatherhood as a potential turning point in the lives of 91 gang members in the San Francisco Bay Area. Fatherhood initiated important subjective and affective transformations that led to changes in outlook, priorities and future orientation. However, these subjective changes were not sufficient unless accompanied by two additional features: first, changes in the amount of time spent on the streets and, second, an ability to support oneself or one's family with legal income. Though fatherhood is no panacea, becoming a father did act as an important turning point toward desistance and motivator for chang... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2329451 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2329451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2329450&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F3%2F285%3Frss%3D1 This research presents an application of Sampson and Laub's theory of age-graded informal social control in a national environment in which the structural and cultural contexts of work and family are radically different from the United States, where the theory was developed. Focused on a sample of Finnish recidivists, the study examines the role of work, parenthood, marriage and cohabitation in the process of criminal desistance. The study finds empirical support for the basic assumptions of the theory as well as the general contention that the restraining capacity of adult life course transitions is sensitive to the cultural context in which they are embedded. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2329450 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2329450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190940&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F2%2F281%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190940 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190939&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F2%2F279%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190939 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190938&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F2%2F276%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190938 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190937&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F2%2F274%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190937 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190936&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F2%2F271%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190936 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190935&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F2%2F269%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190935 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190934&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F2%2F265%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190934 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190933&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F2%2F243%3Frss%3D1 Empirical work consistently shows that offenders demonstrate diverse offending profiles over the life-course, but recent research also reveals indications of specialization in the short term. One way to reconcile these findings is the proposal that offenders favour certain offence types during the short term, largely because of opportunity structures, but that because of changing situations and contexts over the life-course, their offending profiles aggregate to versatility over the criminal career. The current inquiry also proposes that a particular analytic technique, latent transition analysis (LTA), is especially well suited for investigating this premise. This method both (1) derives latent classes of offender ‘types’ from the data, as well as (2) assesses the level and ty... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190933 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190932&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F2%2F220%3Frss%3D1 Most studies of the treatment of minorities in criminal justice systems show that ethnic minorities are punished more harshly. This paper aims to explain ethnic inequality in prosecutorial decision making in the Dutch juvenile justice system. Based on statistical analyses of 409 case files, it emerged that ethnic minorities are more often summoned to juvenile court. The prevailing source of the ethnic unequal treatment lies in the reporting of troublesome encounters between judicial officials and suspects from ethnic minority descent. A qualitative analysis of 97 descriptions of such troublesome encounters showed that native Dutch suspects were more often regarded as defiant, while ethnic minorities were more often perceived as equivocating. Future research might focus on the ways in which... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190932 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190931&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F2%2F202%3Frss%3D1 This article discusses the findings of a study in which volunteers observed one of nine mini rape trial reconstructions, and were asked to deliberate as a group towards a verdict. In a context in which research with ‘real’ jurors is prohibited, these deliberations were analysed to better understand what goes on behind the closed doors of the jury room in rape cases. While previous research has established that jurors are often influenced by extra-legal factors relating to the complainant's behaviour before an alleged attack, this study explored the impact of complainant conduct during and post-assault on assessments of her credibility. More specifically, it examined the effects of (1) lack of physical resistance; (2) delayed reporting; and (3) calm emotional demeanour. (Source:... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190931 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190930&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F2%2F184%3Frss%3D1 Human trafficking is an old, but increasingly complex, phenomenon. In an age of globalization and transnationalism, demand for cheap labour and services fuels a trade deeply rooted in different cultural and historical contexts. Human traffickers share those roots with their respective diasporas the world over. This paper examines the case for an empirical investigation, and gender-sensitive analysis, of the connections between crime networks engaged in international human trafficking and their respective diasporas in countries of transit and destination. It proposes a typology to assist research into, and analysis of, the extent to which, and how, diasporas may play a part in the processes that constitute the cross-border trade in human beings. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - rec... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190930 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190929&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F2%2F165%3Frss%3D1 This research stems from ethnographic observations in 2005 and 2006 of the women's sections of police stations in Bahrain. It uncovered details of a larger social and economic problem in the Arabian Gulf countries involving the unique legal status of the female expatriate guest workers. Housemaids or former housemaids formed the majority of female defendants who were ethnographically observed at Bahrain's local police stations. Observations revealed that this reflected an overall trend of criminalization of domestic worker-related labour disputes. This research presents the types of cases observed and discusses the women police as agents of social control whose job involves handling a larger socio-economic problem at the backend, through policing. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190929 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190928&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F2%2F150%3Frss%3D1 Ericson and Haggerty's book, Policing the Risk Society (1997), sets out to annul Bittner's classical, coercion-based reading of the police and replace it with a radically new paradigm that foregrounds the panoptical or knowledge work dimension of the police and its potential to serve the interests of non-police social-disciplinary institutions. In this article, we test this neo-Foucauldian paradigm on the basis of a body of research into road traffic policing. As a result, we observe that though non-police owner-managers of new risks challenge the societal immanence, centrality and publicness of police organizations, with time, these challenges fail. We therefore argue that Ericson and Haggerty's notion of panoptical policing should be taken as a theoretical innovation, which, far from eli... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190928 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190927&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F2%2F131%3Frss%3D1 Faced with the most violent summer in its history, the City of Chicago enacted a gang loitering ordinance, making it an offence to have ‘no apparent purpose’ on city streets. This paper analyses the testimonies of Chicago residents and aldermen to draw out the lay narratives of insecurity that underwrote the ordinance. These testimonies provide evidence for Ericson's (2007) model of counter-law: the ordinance was a response to broad insecurity among residents, a perceived failure of existing risk management systems, and a view that liberal legal principles were themselves aggravating residents’ insecurity. Yet, while counter-law is generally theorized as undermining conventional legality, this paper draws on legal consciousness research and finds that the polysemic appeal... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190927 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047421&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F1%2F129%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047421 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2047421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2011419&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F1%2F129%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2011419 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2011419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2011417&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F1%2F106%3Frss%3D1 Moral panics are conventionally associated with the interpretations of youthful action imposed by powerful state or media forces. However, the concept is also useful in understanding more generally how social problems are constructed and presented. In this paper, we consider how a vague term such as ‘organized crime’ has emerged as a vehicle for exclusionary rhetorics in both the United States and Britain. While the origins of the organized crime moral panic in the United States can be located amongst moral entrepreneurs, the British version is marked by the outpourings of a right-wing media, and the influence of American foreign policy. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2011417 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2011417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2011416&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F1%2F88%3Frss%3D1 There is now a sizeable literature examining moral panics and moral crusades in various societies, yet the literature is largely centred on the dynamics of panics and the social forces promoting them, while devoting almost no attention to the state. The state may play a key role in the process—either fanning or defusing popular alarm over a problem. In some panics, the state becomes an arena of struggle, or morality politics, between forces that promote and challenge claims regarding some social evil. The process of legislating morality provides a unique opportunity to examine the state as a dynamic actor in its own right. The article examines this in the context of the recent debate over legalizing prostitution in Western Australia. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent i... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2011416 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2011416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2011415&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F1%2F68%3Frss%3D1 The paper analyses a moral panic mobilized by the Israeli government, targeting single mothers who protested against a new economic plan that led to dramatic cuts in their welfare benefits. The moral panic occurred during a period of political and economic transition when Israel was moving toward a market-oriented mode of government. By incorporating issues concerning new modes of penal rationalities and practices into the analysis of the dynamics of moral panics, the paper shows that the Israeli campaign was shaped and supported by ideologies and beliefs central to the working of the political economy of neo-liberalism. The analysis shows that the moral panic was similar to other moral scenarios in its external form, but not in its internal content, which was conditioned by the wider cont... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2011415 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2011415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2011414&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F1%2F48%3Frss%3D1 The utility of ‘concern, hostility, consensus, disproportionality and volatility’ to understanding social reaction to different white-collar crimes is elaborated and reviewed. It is hard to generate and to sustain a moral panic about any white-collar crimes and criminals, but some populist areas such as ‘identity fraud’ and ‘investment fraud’ are good candidates, especially where individuals, ethnicities or ‘organized crime networks’ exist as folk devils already. Long time scales in fraud discovery, investigation and criminal justice actions, as well as real libel risks, inhibit the devilling and the moral panicking processes. By contrast with street crimes, key state actors manage ‘the problem of fraud’ mainly by data-sharing, co... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2011414 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2011414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2011413&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F1%2F35%3Frss%3D1 A ‘moral panic’ is characterized by such themes as the novelty of a particular menace, its sudden explosive growth, and the menace it poses both to accepted moral standards and to vulnerable groups and individuals. Some problems, however, apparently have all the features that would generate a self-feeding media frenzy, and, yet, they do not do so. I will explain this absence of panic by examining the issue of internet child pornography. The failure to construct the problem in ‘panic’ terms reflects the technological shortcomings of law-enforcement agencies, which force them to interpret available data according to familiar forms of knowledge, rather than comprehending or publicizing new forms of deviant organization. This lack of awareness then conditions the nature... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2011413 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2011413 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2011412&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F1%2F17%3Frss%3D1 Moral panic analysis needs reconnecting to mainstream sociological theory. A potential connection is via moral regulation. The origins and development of moral regulation, and its application to moral panics, are traced through the work of Corrigan and Sayer, Hunt and Hier. While it appears highly beneficial to locate moral panics as an extreme form of more routine processes of moral regulation, better specification is required of the scope of moral regulation and its boundary with moral panics. Three dimensions of discursive construction are identified for differentiating between issues of moral regulation: as threats to the moral order, as being amenable to social control measures, and as involving ethical self-regulation. Clarity is also needed about the political project of moral regul... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2011412 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2011412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2011411&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F1%2F4%3Frss%3D1 This paper addresses: the origins of moral panic in the New Deviancy Theory of the 1960s, particularly in the work of Albert Cohen and his notion of moral indignation which is rooted in the Nietzschian concept of Ressentiment; the emergence of the concept in the tumult of 1968 and in the intellectual context of the National Deviancy Conference; the key attributes of moral panic as arising out of fundamental changes in social structure and culture; and issues of moral disturbance because of conflicts in values. It concludes with a critique of recent uses of the concept and a reformulation of the notions of moral disturbance, disproportionality, displacement and volatility. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2011411 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2011411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2011410&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F49%2F1%2F1%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2011410 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2011410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895424&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F6%2F882%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895424 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895423&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F6%2F879%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895423 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895422&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F6%2F877%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895422 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895421&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F6%2F874%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895421 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895420&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F6%2F856%3Frss%3D1 This article examines the occurrence of fights, assaults, arguments and threats of violence between adult male prisoners in an English category C prison. The self-narratives of 40 men are analysed to investigate whether some prisoners engage in more confrontations than others due to a psychological need to protect their identity. The findings indicate that how an individual understands and constructs their self-narrative can influence their involvement in aggressive behaviour. Implications for interventions attempting to reduce aggression are explored. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895420 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895419&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F6%2F835%3Frss%3D1 This article summarizes some of the main findings of a four-year qualitative study in Scotland examining: how reports are constructed by report writers; what the writers aim to convey to the sentencing judge; and how those same reports are then interpreted and used in deciding sentence. Policy development has been predicated on the view that higher-quality reports will help to ‘sell’ community penalties to the principal consumers of such reports (judges). This research suggests that, in the daily use and interpretation of reports, this quality-led policy agenda is defeated by a discourse of judicial ‘ownership’ of sentencing. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895419 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895418&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F6%2F818%3Frss%3D1 Recent British drug policy has increasingly focused on ‘problem drug users’, namely users of heroin and/or crack-cocaine who are involved in acquisitive offending. The overarching objective of the new drug policy agenda is to develop and enhance the pathways between the criminal justice system and drug treatment services, with the aim of reducing this ‘drug-related’ crime. The emphasis on crime reduction, and on drug treatment in the criminal justice system, has led some to term this development the ‘criminalization’ of drug policy. In this paper, this new policy direction will be examined. An explanatory account for this ‘criminalizing’ turn will be set out, drawing on theoretical debates about the politics of risk and security in late moder... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895418 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895417&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F6%2F798%3Frss%3D1 While the use of technology to monitor and punish suspected ‘risky’ populations is likely to increase, the experience of being on the receiving end of such enforcement has received relatively little attention. This paper presents research that considered one particular criminal justice ‘techno-fix’—the speed camera—from the perspective of those who encounter the technology as offenders. Such enforcement is commonly described by drivers as being ‘unfair’ and ‘unjust’. Speeding drivers’ experiences of being ‘techno-fixed’ are considered with reference to the antecedent elements of a procedurally just experience proposed by Tyler amongst others. Drivers’ preferences for fairer methods of speed limit enforcemen... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895417 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895416&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F6%2F778%3Frss%3D1 The subtle and complex nature of Northern Ireland's transitional landscape presents acute difficulties for the community policing concept. As the core to the police reforms in the country, its implementation has faltered in the face of institutional inertia within the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI). This has been further exacerbated by a failure of the police to adequately increase the co-production of security through improved engagement and utilization of Northern Ireland's diverse community infrastructures. This paper will assess the delivery of community policing by the PSNI, while exploring their engagement with Northern Ireland's grass-roots community organizations, and specifically those involved with the governance of security at the local level. Thus, through a framewor... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895416 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895415&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F6%2F756%3Frss%3D1 This article draws upon research conducted in an English police force to explore how greater political recognition of cultural and gendered identities has impacted upon the interior culture. Two broad, and opposing, perspectives on the contemporary working environment are presented. The first is characterized by resistance and resentment towards the new diversity terrain, and is articulated principally by white, heterosexual, male officers. A contrasting standpoint, held by female, minority ethnic and gay and lesbian officers, reveals the persistence of an imperious white, heterosexist, male culture. It is argued that the narratives of demise and discontent put forward by the adherents of the former operate to subordinate the spaces of representation for emerging identities and sustain an ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895415 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895414&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F6%2F735%3Frss%3D1 This paper examines why probation emerged as an alternative to punishment throughout the world in a relatively short period of time at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century. In doing so, it provides a detailed history of the process of its creation, an elucidation of its various forms, and a portrait of some of the key influential people and the part they played. In attempting an explanation for the proliferation of probation, it sets the history within a social, political, cultural and theoretical context, and, in particular, the context of the emergence of criminology as a social science. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895414 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895413&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F6%2F720%3Frss%3D1 Imprisonment rates are presumed to have risen in the West, and it is argued by certain social scientists that this can be explained by a comprehensive process of economic neo-liberalization. In this paper, we develop an alternative explanation, focusing on the rise of a ‘new political culture’. Longitudinal cross-national analyses are performed to test the tenability of these theories. First, it is demonstrated that some countries have been witnessing a trend of penalization, but that there is no overall trend. Second, economic explanations for variations in imprisonment rates prove to be untenable. Third, it is shown that a new-rightist demand for social order, which is not found to be inspired by economic neo-liberalization, provides a better explanation. This leads to the co... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895413 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895413 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895412&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F6%2F703%3Frss%3D1 Expanding mechanisms of border control increasingly depend on the criminalization of non-citizens. While some criminology scholarship might suggest such measures announce an increasing governance of migration ‘through crime’, we argue that it is not simply a case of punitive crime control strategies leaching into migration policies. Not only are foreigners in a far more vulnerable position to the British citizen, but the restrictions they face play important constitutive roles in newly invigorated discourses of citizenship and nationalism. In this article, we suggest that criminologists must move on from studies that emphasize control and criminalization to consider more broadly the implications of basing a politics of national identity that aspires to ‘solidarity’ ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895412 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1711828&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F5%2F699%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1711828 Mon, 18 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1711828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1711827&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F5%2F697%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1711827 Mon, 18 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1711827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1711826&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F5%2F694%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1711826 Mon, 18 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1711826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1711825&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F5%2F692%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1711825 Mon, 18 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1711825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1711824&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F5%2F690%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1711824 Mon, 18 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1711824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1711823&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F5%2F688%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1711823 Mon, 18 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1711823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1711822&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F5%2F684%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1711822 Mon, 18 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1711822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1711821&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F5%2F667%3Frss%3D1 The suspended sentence has been described as the ‘Sword of Damocles’ and praised as a means of exploiting the deterrent effects of prison while avoiding some of its human and financial costs. The deterrent value of suspended sentences is said to derive from the fact that the consequences of reoffending during the period of a suspended sentence are ‘known and certain’, whereas those attending a breach of probation are not. Past research, however, has shown that suspended sentences do little to reduce the use of imprisonment and, in some cases, actually increase it. Studies purporting to show the deterrent effectiveness of suspended sentences, on the other hand, have been few in number and methodologically weak. In this article, we use propensity matching to compare t... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1711821 Mon, 18 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1711821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1711820&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F5%2F641%3Frss%3D1 The assumption that the size, anonymity and weakened social controls of urban living generates social conflict, disorganization and higher rates of crime and violence has been an article of faith in much criminological and social scientific inquiry since the nineteenth century (i.e. Tönnies 1897; Shaw and McKay 1931; Levin and Lindesmith 1937; Nisbet 1970; Baldwin and Bottoms 1976; Felson 1994). The paper challenges this article of criminological faith and questions the utility of urban centric criminological theorizing about the causes of violence in rural settings. Drawing on descriptive data that show that rural men present a relatively high risk of inflicting harm upon themselves and others, this paper explores the larger socio-criminological question as to why this might be. The ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1711820 Mon, 18 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1711820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1711819&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F5%2F620%3Frss%3D1 A thorough-going ambiguity surrounds the very meaning of racial profiling at the border. This ambiguity, including in particular the slippage between race/nationality, effectively enables both official denials of racial profiling as well as the continued play of racialized risk knowledges at the border. In this paper, we take this ambiguity seriously and trace the dynamic and heterogeneous configurations of racialized knowledges that constitute border risks and that shape the broad discretion of frontline border control officers in Canada. This discretion, emboldened by the crime–security nexus, is itself shaped by a protectionist logic that represents the nation as ‘damsel in distress’, border officers as her guardians and the border as the thin blue line in need of cons... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1711819 Mon, 18 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1711819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1711818&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F5%2F604%3Frss%3D1 This study is based upon ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with ethnic minority cannabis dealers at a street drug market in Oslo, Norway. Three dealers’ socio-biographies are presented and used to illustrate three groups of dealers, and three ideal–typical trajectories to street drug dealing. The first trajectory emerges from migration and early experiences in war-inflicted countries. The second emerges from an increasing drug habit and early socialization in established criminal networks, and the third from an alternative search for identity. The analysis is based on the concept ‘street capital’, inspired by Pierre Bourdieu. This theoretical framework highlights the embodied character of cultural knowledge, the importance of early socialization, and the practic... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1711818 Mon, 18 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1711818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1711817&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F5%2F583%3Frss%3D1 Criminological research identifies the turn to community as part of a broader move away from the welfarist social. Yet, while we now have significant research on how community is made governmental within crime prevention strategies, we know less about how the zone of community is itself rendered governable—how neoliberal programmes delimit and control the moral order of the community they are said to promote. This paper focuses on the community notification of sex offenders in the United States, often known as Megan's Law. Drawing on research that identifies the increasing role of audit technologies for achieving control within organizations, this paper explores how Megan's Law similarly relies on a logic of audit to identify, manage and control the symbolic zone of community. (Sourc... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1711817 Mon, 18 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1711817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526691&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F4%2F580%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526691 Tue, 17 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526690&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F4%2F577%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526690 Tue, 17 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526689&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F4%2F575%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526689 Tue, 17 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526688&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F4%2F572%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526688 Tue, 17 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526687&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F4%2F569%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526687 Tue, 17 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526686&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F4%2F567%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526686 Tue, 17 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526685&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F4%2F557%3Frss%3D1 This paper responds to Annie Cossins' article in the British Journal of Criminology 48(3), which draws on my research to argue that the case for using restorative justice in response to sexual assault is not well founded. She proposes instead that further legal reform should be pursued. I discuss the reasons for a paucity of evidence, present findings from my research, and correct and challenge several misrepresentations and assumptions in her article. I argue that the way forward should not be limited to legal reform, but should include restorative justice, and more broadly, alternative justice practices. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526685 Tue, 17 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526684&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F4%2F538%3Frss%3D1 This study elaborates on the relationship between convictions of fathers and the development of convictions of their offspring over the lifespan. Unique official data from the Netherlands Criminal Career and Life Course Study (CCLS) are used to investigate the intergenerational transmission of criminal behaviour (8,085 sons and daughters and an observation period of over 40 years). Trajectory modelling and growth curve analysis are used to establish (1) differences between the criminal careers of children from different groups of fathers and (2) differences within the groups of children in the development of their individual criminal careers. The findings demonstrate that children of convicted fathers are much more likely to be convicted themselves in comparison to those whose fathers have... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526684 Tue, 17 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526683&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F4%2F522%3Frss%3D1 The interrelationships between serious types of crime have been neglected. Focusing on those convicted of arson (n = 45,915), blackmail (n = 5,774), kidnapping (n = 7,291) and threats to kill (n = 9,816) in England and Wales (1979–2001), we examine the specialization and sequencing of these crimes in relation to the risk of subsequent homicide. All four offences have a heightened likelihood of subsequent homicide compared to the general population. Arson, blackmail and threats to kill have a similar homicide risk (0.8 per cent) after a 20-year follow-up; in contrast, kidnapping has a higher likelihood (1.0 per cent). Sequencing is also relevant, with those convicted of more than one type of serious offence being at higher risk of a homicide conviction. Additionally, there is evidence... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526683 Tue, 17 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526682&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F4%2F502%3Frss%3D1 The ‘birth of the prison' has been linked to replacement of the ancient regime and the emergence of industrial, capitalist society. But this explanation gives insufficient attention to the role of the British Empire in diffusion of the prison as an institution and the continuing role of the sovereign in its political message. This essay focuses on the establishment of the prison at Corradino, in Malta, from initial plans in the 1830s through to its inaugural year in 1850. Drawing on archival materials in London and Malta, we explore the role of British social attitudes in empire-making and prison construction. Specifically, we explore the making of colonial prison policy, the architecture of the prison and colonial social hierarchy, the role of Catholic ritual in prison discipline, b... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526682 Tue, 17 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526681&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F4%2F482%3Frss%3D1 This paper presents a quantitative analysis of data collected from the mode of trial hearing in two English magistrates' courts. A model of the mode of trial procedure is offered that explores the factors that influence the mode of trial decision taken by magistrates. While legal factors such as seriousness of the offence play a part in the process, the mode of trial decision is also shaped by factors such as courtroom culture, the provision of bail and ethnicity. While this study is, in many respects, exploratory, it does point towards the importance of these extra legal factors in the mode of trial decision and indicate future areas for research. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526681 Tue, 17 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526680&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F4%2F468%3Frss%3D1 This article explores the issue and proposes a culpability-based justification for considering previous convictions at sentencing. According to this proposal, previous convictions justify more severe treatment in the way that premeditation is used as an aggravating circumstance. Offenders who plan their crimes and offenders with previous convictions should be considered more blameworthy and hence worthy of harsher punishments. This model is considered with reference to community views of sentencing. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526680 Tue, 17 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526679&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F48%2F4%2F448%3Frss%3D1 A significant body of literature has examined the role of public attitudes in shaping the contemporary politics of law and order, and suggested that a state of ‘populist punitiveness' now exists, whereby policy is made in response to harsh and punitive public attitudes towards crime issues. This paper will explore these issues within the context of regulatory and corporate offending. A qualitative investigation into public attitudes towards work-related fatality cases demonstrated that these cases are regarded as serious, but that attitudes regarding punishment in this context are only partially ‘punitive'. Demands for significant penalties are underpinned by rationality rather than a desire for revenge, casting into doubt the applicability of populist punitive accounts of lawm... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526679 Tue, 17 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526679