MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'British Journal of Criminology - recent issues' source. Sat, 04 Feb 2012 01:23:41 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493139&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F230%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493139 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493138&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F227%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493138 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493137&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F224%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493137 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493136&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F221%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493136 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493136 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493135&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F218%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493135 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493134&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F217%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493134 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493133&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F202%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493133 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493132&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F181%3Frss%3D1 Past research has shown that procedural justice enhances an authority's legitimacy and encourages people to cooperate with them. However, this past research has examined legitimacy by focusing solely on the perceived legitimacy of authorities and has ignored how people may perceive the legitimacy of the laws and rules authorities enforce. This distinction has relevance to the policing of ethnic minority groups who may come from different cultures or countries where distrust in the law and legal institutions is prevalent. Using survey data collected from a random sample of 1,203 Australians, this paper explores how procedural justice and both institutional and legal legitimacy impact on people's willingness to cooperate with police. The findings will be explained using Braithwaite's (2003; ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493132 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493131&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F159%3Frss%3D1 This study concludes that reforms crafted to counter gender bias in the operation of homicide law have produced mixed results for female victims of intimate partner homicide and related case law. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493131 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493130&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F141%3Frss%3D1 In 1965, it was thought that nothing less than a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment would be an acceptable replacement for the death penalty for murder in England and Wales. It was assumed that anything else would have led to a significant loss of public confidence in the criminal justice system. The authors have recently conducted what is believed to be the first survey in this country that tests this assumption, as well as the extent of public knowledge and belief of the current system for sentencing convicted murderers. The survey casts doubt over the assumption and highlights the misunderstanding and lack of knowledge on which public opinion is based. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493130 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493129&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F113%3Frss%3D1 The effect of death sentences, executions and imprisonment on crime rates in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is assessed using annual time series data from 1955 to 2005. Policy implications of the research findings are drawn, and speculations are offered as to the reasons for the recent large increase in homicide rates. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493129 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493128&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F93%3Frss%3D1 This paper reports the findings of an innovative method of ascertaining public opinion about sentencing—namely using jurors in actual cases to explore both the appropriateness of the sentence imposed in the juror's trial and more general views about sentencing levels. Contrasting images of public opinion emerged: a punitive public in relation to general perceptions of leniency and a more merciful public in relation to individual cases. The extent and reasons for this dichotomy are explored, as are differences in levels of satisfaction for different offence types. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493128 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493127&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F73%3Frss%3D1 This article then provides a broader theoretical explanation for this looseness of fit with our observations of Compstat's operation. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493127 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493126&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F55%3Frss%3D1 This paper analyses the roles played by Information Computer Technologies (ICT) and the internet in areas of conflict, with a specific focus on the Palestinian context in Jerusalem. In particular, it examines the way the politics of everydayness in Jerusalem constructs Palestinians as security threats and, in turn, subjects them to technologized surveillance and spatial control. Examining the effect of the politics of everydayness when juxtaposed with the effect of technologized surveillance on a group of young Palestinian college women from Jerusalem and surrounding areas, the paper considers the ‘double-edged’ nature of new information technologies and the internet. On the one hand, Palestinian women’s narratives demonstrate the emancipatory possibilities of such techno... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493126 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493125&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F32%3Frss%3D1 This article explores the social, political and security functions of IRA informers in the transition from conflict in Northern Ireland. Based on that experience, it develops four heuristic models regarding informers that the paper argues may be of direct relevance to other conflicted and transitional societies. These are the informer as folk devil, the informer as rumour, the informer as political manipulator, and the informer as celebrity. All these themes demonstrate the long-term effects of the use of informers during the Northern Ireland conflict—an important finding given the increasing prevalence of the use of informers in a political context. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493125 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493124&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F17%3Frss%3D1 This article explores these challenges through an analysis of contemporary Vietnamese concerns about youth crime and a critique of local and international policy makers’ efforts to address these. It argues that historically informed analysis can enrich understanding in four key ways. The first is that this kind of analysis suggests how French colonialism and its legacies have shaped Vietnamese criminal justice practice through (in)direct policy transfer. The second is that it can help to defuse current moral panics by locating Vietnam's rising youth crime within a familiar historical pattern. The third is that it can broaden the narrow evidence base available to those searching for youth justice interventions that ‘work’. Finally, a historical view can expand existing spa... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493124 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493123&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F52%2F1%2F1%3Frss%3D1 Processes of within-individual change in offending and desistance from crime can be very complex, often involving multiple, context-specific processes. But even in a generous reading of much research on turning points, while this is theoretically stated or inferred, it is less often shown or illustrated in empirical cases. I explore processes of change in offending with the help of the concept of ‘turning points’, through life story interviews conducted in the Stockholm Project, trying to make use of the possibilities inherent in qualitative inquiry. I show how life course processes and the turning points that emerge within them are often interdependent on each other, emerging in very context-specific circumstances, and need to be studied and understood and such. Future researc... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493123 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344365&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F1074%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344365 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344364&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F1072%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344364 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344363&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F1070%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344363 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344362&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F1067%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344362 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344361&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F1065%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344361 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344360&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F1063%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344360 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344359&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F1054%3Frss%3D1 In 2009, in an article for this journal, we argued that UK legal and political developments, following the events of September 2001, had designated Muslims as the ‘enemy within’ and served to construct Muslims as the principal suspect community (Pantazis and Pemberton 2009). This work sought to utilize and extend Hillyard's original (1993) thesis, which postulated that, during the period of Irish political violence during the 1970s and into the 1990s, the whole Irish population had become a ‘suspect community’. In 2010, Steven Greer responded with an uncompromising critique of these combined works. In this reply, we rearticulate our case and demonstrate why Greer's arguments are fundamentally flawed. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344359 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344358&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F1035%3Frss%3D1 This paper uses multivariate multilevel models with data from the British Crime Survey to investigate individual and neighbourhood influences on perceptions of local and national crime trends. In response to debates about the negative consequences of immigration and ethnic diversity, we specifically investigate the influence of ethnic heterogeneity on such perceptions. Results indicate that a person's socio-demographic background and their newspaper readership have the strongest association with perceptions of national trends whilst the strongest association with pessimistic views on localized crime is whether the individual has been a recent crime victim. Results suggest no negative effects for ethnic diversity. Moreover, the findings indicate that living in a mixed neighbourhood is assoc... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344358 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344357&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F1014%3Frss%3D1 Using a randomized experimental design the Reintegrative Shaming Experiments (RISE) showed that restorative justice (RJ) is significantly more satisfying than court for both victims and offenders. It did not, however, explore the effect of victims’ age and baseline differences in the level of harm caused to victims of different crimes on outcome variables. The current study uses a two-factor ANCOVA to address these questions. Main findings suggest that whereas RJ made adults more satisfied than courts (Cohen's d = 0.50), conference juvenile victims were less satisfied than court juvenile victims (Cohen's d = –0.28). Moreover, more serious harm is associated with decreased process satisfaction for all victims. A complementary qualitative analysis identifies adult domination and ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344357 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344356&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F997%3Frss%3D1 This article explores the evolution of the duty of courts to comply with the English sentencing guidelines. As will be seen, the language of the duty of a court provision has become more robust: henceforth, courts ‘must follow’ definitive guidelines rather than merely ‘have regard to’ them. At the same time, the government significantly increased the range of sentence within which courts must sentence. The essay provides some international context, drawing upon experiences in the jurisdiction in which guidelines have been longest in existence, and explores the limited compliance statistics collected in England and Wales to date. The consequences of the latest changes for sentencing in England and Wales are discussed. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344356 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344355&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F978%3Frss%3D1 This paper examines the reforms to powers of Chinese state agencies to deal with drug-dependent people introduced by the PRC Drug Prohibition Law 2008. Whilst professing to take a more humane approach to problems of drug dependency, the law retains a police-centred approach to regulation. The law provides for a set of interconnected police powers that include: registration; imposition of a three year term of community rehabilitation; administrative detention for two years; and the possibility of a further supervised rehabilitation order upon release. In the absence of detailed implementing regulations, this paper examines the different ways local agencies are interpreting and implementing these powers. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344355 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344354&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F960%3Frss%3D1 This study found that traumatic childhood experiences increases emotional vulnerability, resulting in their feeling unloved, insecure and powerless. We argue that they adopt violent forms of masculinities to achieve respect and power. Yet, there is no linear relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and adopting violent masculinities. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344354 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344353&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F937%3Frss%3D1 This study expands the group threat lens by testing whether dynamics of group conflict and threat fuel the desire to punish in Russia. We find that, similarly to the United States and Western Europe, perceived threat is an important predictor of the desire to punish for Russian respondents. The findings draw attention to the need for further investigation of group threat theory in a comparative context. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344353 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344352&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F918%3Frss%3D1 Little has been written within empirically driven criminology about crimes committed during the conduct of warfare. The laws of war are over a century old and the current Geneva Conventions more than 50. This paper addresses this gap by providing a partial account of the nature and distribution of violations of the Geneva Conventions during the August 2008 Georgia–Russia conflict and during the post-conflict occupation period. Drawing on numerous investigations by multiple parties, it establishes that war crimes were committed by all belligerent parties. Yet, not all parties committed the same types or same number of crimes. These distribution factors are examined in light of international transnational controls and the motivations each party brought to the conflict. (Source: British... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344352 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344351&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F900%3Frss%3D1 Despite a rising criminological interest in the numbers of British veterans in the criminal justice system and the criminogenic context of the Iraq conflict, a concern to understand the experiences of modern soldiers is largely hidden from the criminological and victimological gaze. This paper addresses this issue by presenting data from interviews with British military veterans and considers their ‘unknowable’ experiences of war in a framework of victimological otherness, including experiencing, perpetrating and witnessing conflict. Given the masculine connotations associated with ‘soldiering’ and presumptions of vulnerability conjured by the word ‘victim’, imagining the ‘soldier as victim’ is challenging. Here, we offer an insight into this... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344351 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344350&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F6%2F885%3Frss%3D1 Over the last 40 years and more, a growing number of researchers have explored the links between perceptions of disorder and fear of criminal victimization. Many of these studies have posited a causal link from perceptions of disorder to subsequent fear, with disorderly cues in the environment signalling to individuals that an area is in decline and unable to control deviant behaviour. But a growing body of evidence approaches this question from the opposite direction, emphasizing the socially constructed nature of perceived disorder and the potential role that fear may have in giving meaning to ambiguous disorderly cues present in the environment. This conceptual uncertainty stems, in part, from the reliance of existing research on cross-sectional data, making it impossible to say whether... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344350 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344350 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5138196&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F5%2F884%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5138196 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5138196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5138195&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F5%2F880%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5138195 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5138195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5138194&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F5%2F878%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5138194 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5138194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5138193&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F5%2F876%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5138193 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5138193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5138192&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F5%2F875%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5138192 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5138192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5138191&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F5%2F856%3Frss%3D1 This paper investigates the intersection of two types of reproduction over generations: the transmission of offending and of occupational status. According to Farrington's (2002) risk factor mechanism, the effect of parental offending on offspring offending should decrease when the intergenerational transmission of occupational status is taken into account. To test this mechanism, we use a longitudinal prospective multi-generation research design, containing data from the Netherlands on offending and occupational status during the twentieth century. Results show that a substantial part of the intergenerational association in offending is indeed mediated by risk factors such as low occupational status and, especially, low educational attainment. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - rec... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5138191 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5138191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5138190&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F5%2F839%3Frss%3D1 In 2001, the UK government funded the introduction of a series of targeted situational preventive schemes and multi-agency partnerships to reduce deliberate fire-setting in vehicles. This paper explores the impact of these alternative arson-reduction strategies on vehicle arson in the areas served by fire authorities in England utilizing panel data for an eight-year period (1999–2006). The statistical results suggest that both forms of intervention have been successful in reducing vehicle arson, and that higher input intensity is also responsible for better outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5138190 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5138190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5138189&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F5%2F823%3Frss%3D1 Homicide rates vary across modern societies, yet most scholarly works on homicide are based on studies in developed countries, although, in less developed countries, homicide rates are higher. Homicide is multidimensional and its related social causes and prevalence differ across cultures. In low-homicide countries, most homicides occur as a result of either criminal activity or personal relationship difficulties. This paper highlights that, in one developing country—Jamaica—a different pattern is more common. High homicide rates are connected with partisan politics and neighbourhood social organization. The argument is that neighbourhood social and political factors drive high homicide rates in urban Jamaica. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5138189 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5138189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5138188&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F5%2F804%3Frss%3D1 This paper—by using the pirated CD/DVD market in a provincial city in Greece as a case study—will attempt to show how alien conspiracy theory has permeated the understanding of ‘organized crime’ and how the concept serves to enforce racism and, in particular, the treatment of diasporic communities. The paper will then proceed to interrogate the concept in the context of the local operation of this market in tandem with various legitimate interests and how, despite the exhortations of powerful commercial forces, it is tolerated. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5138188 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5138188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5138187&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F5%2F789%3Frss%3D1 This article reports the results of a two-stage least-squares analysis of the specific deterrent effect of high fines on drink-driving offenders in NSW, Australia, in which judicial severity served as the instrumental variable. Despite substantial variation in the fines imposed by magistrates on drink-drivers, no significant deterrent effect from higher fines was found. Various explanations for the failure to observe a deterrent effect are discussed. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5138187 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5138187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5138186&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F5%2F773%3Frss%3D1 The paper analyses risk behaviour as described by a group of convicted drink-drivers. Risk assessment is seen as a part of a complicated process reflecting moral values in specific socio-cultural settings and within a specific framework of time. The respondents’ retrospective accounts of their drink-driving are interpreted as part of moral identity negotiations, focusing on four dimensions: drink-driving as non-voluntary behaviour, drink-driving as strategic behaviour, drink-driving and control, and drink-driving and ‘normalcy’. Central to these negotiations is the fact that many respondents come from social environments (be that friend groups or workmate groups) where drink-driving is common and that they therefore do not regard—or did not regard—drink-drivin... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5138186 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5138186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5138185&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F5%2F739%3Frss%3D1 Dozens of cross-national studies of homicide have been published. Virtually all have reported an association between inequality and homicide, leading scholars to draw strong conclusions about this relationship. Unfortunately, each of these studies failed to control for poverty, even though poverty is the most consistent predictor of area homicide rates in the US empirical literature and a main confounder of the inequality–homicide association. The cross-national findings are also incongruent with US studies, which have yielded inconsistent results for the inequality–homicide association. In the present study, I replicated two prior studies in which a significant inequality–homicide association was found. After the original results were replicated, models that included a m... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5138185 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5138185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4951896&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F4%2F707%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4951896 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4951896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4951895&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F4%2F690%3Frss%3D1 Representatives of rightist-conservative political groups have denounced the Dutch policy of administrative tolerance (‘gedoogbeleid’) as a left-libertarian excess. On the basis of a representative survey among the Dutch population (N = 1,892), we demonstrate, however, that such resistance is not typically ‘rightist’ or ‘conservative’. Even though conservatives are more likely to oppose administrative tolerance as a general policy type, this is merely because they associate it with the toleration of illegal activities by marginal individuals. Whereas they do oppose the latter more than political progressives do, the latter are, for their part, more critical than conservatives about the toleration of illegal activities by official agencies. (Source: Briti... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4951895 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4951895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4951894&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F4%2F671%3Frss%3D1 This paper addresses the effects of recent political and economic trends on the construction of forensic science in England and Wales. Using documentary sources and fieldwork, I show how neo-liberal initiatives have differentially reconstructed relationships between forensic scientists and the police. I argue that this stems from contested interpretations of scientific integration that have selectively appropriated elements of neo-liberalism. Neo-liberal reform of forensic science has, however, exposed actors to new risks, culminating in the UK Government's announcement to close the Forensic Science Service. Yet, rather than representing the end of ‘marketization’, debates concerning the organization of forensic science have entered a new phase. These hold significant implicati... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4951894 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4951894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4951893&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F4%2F652%3Frss%3D1 School punishment policies in the United States are increasingly prone to exclusion. In an effort to rid the school of risky disturbances, these measures push disruptive students out of the educational environment or into the criminal justice system. The task of educating these excluded youth has undergone a process of neo-liberal ‘responsibilization’, as communities are charged with dealing with drop-outs and push-outs from mainstream schools as well as system-involved youth. This is illustrated by a case study of a community school established by a social movement organization in Los Angeles, United States. While neo-liberalism is touted as a vehicle for crime control and efficiency, in practice, the outcomes of responsibilization can set the stage for progressive take on edu... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4951893 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4951893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4951892&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F4%2F635%3Frss%3D1 Concern about the increase in alcohol consumption amongst young women, drink spiking and drug-assisted sexual assault have culminated in a renewed focus on safety advice for young women. This paper examines young women's responses to safety advice, and their associated safety behaviours, by drawing upon interview and focus group data from a qualitative study with 35 young women (18–25 years) in relation to their safety in bars, pubs and clubs. The findings reveal that young women's behaviours were complex and contradictory in that they resisted, adopted and transgressed recommended safety behaviours. This raises interesting questions about both the practical and the theoretical implications of contemporary safety campaigns, challenging the prevailing focus on women's behaviour and th... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4951892 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4951892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4951891&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F4%2F621%3Frss%3D1 In this article, we use three case studies, undertaken with young, white, working-class men involved in the English Defence League, to examine how they construct a specific form of violent masculinity. We argue that these accounts demonstrate that violence is socio-structurally generated but also individually psychologically justified, because these young men turn experiences of acute inequality and disenchantment into inner psychological scripts that justify their own ‘heroic’ status when involved in violent confrontation. We suggest that these feelings of disadvantage and marginalization prompt resentment and anger in young males who feel their voices are not being heard. This disenchantment manifests itself through externalized hostility, resentment and fury directed at the ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4951891 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4951891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733284&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F3%2F619%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733284 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4733284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733283&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F3%2F616%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733283 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4733283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733282&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F3%2F615%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733282 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4733282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733281&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F3%2F599%3Frss%3D1 This article employs an unprecedented combination of different types of empirical evidence to determine which view best characterizes the support for the Nazi movement during the Third Reich. The main types of evidence employed are quantitative analyses of thousands of archival files generated by policing and court bodies in three Rhineland cities and thousands of written questionnaires involving Jewish and non-Jewish German people who had resided in cities and smaller communities across the Third Reich. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733281 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4733281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733280&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F3%2F578%3Frss%3D1 Anthropological sources on non-state, tribal societies offer a wealth of evidence on violence that can expand the spatial and temporal gaze of criminological research. Reviewing this literature allows for a more comparative analysis of patterns of violence and challenges contemporary notions of social change and order. This paper provides an overview of the most relevant anthropological evidence on patterns of violence in non-state societies. Specifically, trends and overall levels of violence, age and sex patterns as well as social and environmental factors are reviewed in order to determine whether contemporary concepts and patterns of violence are universal or culturally specific. The findings presented here indicate that violence in non-state societies is a ubiquitous but culturally va... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733280 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4733280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733279&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F3%2F556%3Frss%3D1 This paper examines the frequency of violent death and regicide amongst 1,513 monarchs in 45 monarchies across Europe between AD 600 and 1800. The analyses reveal that all types of violence combined account for about 22 per cent of all deaths. Murder is by far the most important violent cause of death, accounting for about 15 per cent of all deaths and corresponding to a homicide rate of about 1,000 per 100,000 ruler-years. Analyses of trends over time reveal a significant decline in the frequency of both battle deaths and homicide between the Early Middle Ages and the end of the eighteenth century. A significant part of the drop occurred during the first half of the period, suggesting that the civilizing processes assumed by Norbert Elias started between the seventh and the twelfth centur... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733279 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4733279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733278&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F3%2F535%3Frss%3D1 Social science historians are discovering deep patterns in the history of homicide rates. Murders of children by parents or caregivers correlate inversely with fertility rates and appear to be a function of the cost of children relative to parental resources and to parental ambitions for themselves and their children. Murders among unrelated adults correlate with feelings towards government and society. These patterns may represent facultative adaptations to variable or unstable habitats (including social habitats) that may favour the nurture or neglect of children in the first instance, or cooperation or aggression among unrelated adults in the second. Human neural and endocrine systems may have evolved to facilitate such shifts in behaviour. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - rece... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733278 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4733278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733277&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F3%2F518%3Frss%3D1 Homicide often spurs lethal retaliation through self-help and this response is widespread among human foragers because brothers are often co-resident in mobile bands. The roots of this behaviour can be traced back to the shared ancestor of humans, chimpanzees and bonobos, which had strong tendencies to form social dominance hierarchies and to fight, and strong tendencies for alpha peacemakers to stop fights. As well-armed humans were becoming culturally modern, they were living in mobile egalitarian hunting bands that lacked such strong peace makers and lethal retaliation had free play. This continued with tribal agriculturalists who were equally egalitarian, but they tended to live in patrilineal communities, with the males staying put at marriage, and people with such fraternal interest ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733277 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4733277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733276&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F3%2F499%3Frss%3D1 The past two decades have seen important changes in the ways in which archaeologists perceive interpersonal violence in the past. Prehistoric archaeology in particular provides a unique long-term perspective on the development and institutionalization of violence in human societies, adding a further dimension to the work of cultural anthropologists studying more recent non-state societies. Evidence can be drawn from a range of sources, including material culture, settlement patterning, iconography and (crucially) patterns of trauma in human remains. The interpretation of such evidence remains inseparable from wider contextual understandings of prehistoric social forms and practices. This paper considers the specific role of archaeological evidence in establishing a broader historical conte... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733276 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4733276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733275&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F3%2F479%3Frss%3D1 This article concludes by arguing that greater incorporation of evolutionary psychological perspectives and approaches into social and cultural analyses of violence (whether historical or contemporary) has much to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of physical aggression. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733275 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4733275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733274&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F3%2F473%3Frss%3D1 This special issue brings together original contributions by scholars from various disciplines that examine how evolutionary and historical research can advance our understanding of violence. In combining archaeological, anthropological, biological, sociological, and historical research the papers outline a perspective that transcends the conventional boundaries of criminology. Its core feature is the idea that we need a better understanding of the interaction between the evolutionary forces that shape the universal mechanisms associated with violence, and the ways in which social institutions, beliefs and structures of daily life control or amplify the potential for violent action. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733274 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4733274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610550&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F469%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610550 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610549&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F466%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610549 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610548&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F464%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610548 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610547&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F461%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610547 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610546&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F459%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610546 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610545&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F449%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610545 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610544&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F438%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610544 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610543&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F413%3Frss%3D1 This article examines whether prisoners’ children have more adult convictions than children whose parents were convicted but not imprisoned. This is investigated in England and the Netherlands from 1946 to 1981 using two prospective longitudinal datasets: the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development and the NSCR Transfive Study. In the Netherlands, no significant relationship was found between parental imprisonment and offspring offending. In England, a relationship was found for sons only. This association can be partly explained by parental criminality. However, after controlling for number of parental convictions and other childhood risk factors, a significant relationship remained between number of parental imprisonments and sons’ offending. When parental imprisonment at d... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610543 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610542&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F394%3Frss%3D1 This article describes and analyses the implementation and results of undercover operations in one country (the Netherlands). First, we examine and analyse the main assumptions underlying academic and legislative discourses relating both to the regulation and control of undercover operations and to the kind of results the operations may produce. Second, we analyse documentation and interviews relating to all 89 Dutch criminal investigations in 2004 in which undercover teams were consulted. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610542 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610541&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F375%3Frss%3D1 Current and proposed sentence guidelines for drug-trafficking offences in the United Kingdom are underpinned by the neo-liberal ‘commonsense’ assumption that greater quantities will yield a greater profit, which deserves greater punishment. At present, this is achieved through the use of weight to determine the maximum sentence available (five kilos for Class A drugs). Drawing on ethnographic research with drug traffickers imprisoned in Ecuador, this paper problematizes the use of weight as a measure of seriousness. This research finds that mules often carry greater quantities than professional traffickers and that therefore sentence guidelines premised on weight will punish mules disproportionately. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610541 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610540&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F355%3Frss%3D1 Despite the growing problem of clandestine drug laboratories, there is currently little evidence of systematic knowledge regarding the crime-commission process involved in this criminal enterprise. In addition, as mentioned by Levi and Maguire, strategic measures utilized in law enforcement interventions that extend beyond immediate operational goals towards a lasting reduction in organized forms of crime are also lacking. The purpose of this study is to better understand the crime-commission process of clandestine drug laboratories and identify significant points for intervention by using crime scripts. This objective is achieved through a qualitative content analysis of 25 court cases in which a crime script comprising seven stages is identified. Potential prevention measures are also un... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610540 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610539&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F336%3Frss%3D1 This paper draws upon data from two research projects following two distinct groups of young people: youth activists and homeless or street-involved youth. Although these two groups differ in many ways—the former largely white and middle-class, the latter more ethnically diverse and entirely working-class—each describes encounters with the police that are strikingly similar. The paper explores two such similarities: (1) the role played by cultural discourses of the ‘good and legitimate citizen’ and (2) the role of spatiality, or, more specifically, the importance of being an appropriate body in the appropriate space. The paper explores how the above two dimensions nuance and complicate the relationship between youth and police, in the context of governmentality stud... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610539 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610538&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F314%3Frss%3D1 Despite legal prohibitions, poaching of wild parrots is widespread in the neo-tropics, with the result that many species are now endangered. Guided by optimal foraging theory, secondary data are used to investigate why some species of Bolivian parrots, but not others, are found in an illegal pet market in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Species commonly found in the market make more enjoyable pets, are more abundant in the wild and more accessible to humans. They are also mostly found within 50 miles of the city, but some found at greater distances are probably brought to the market by wildlife traders, ‘itinerant fences’ who travel around buying parrots poached by villagers. It is concluded that opportunistic villagers are responsible for most parrot poaching in Bolivia and that this sho... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610538 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610537&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F296%3Frss%3D1 In the past 15 years, volume crimes dropped substantially in most countries with reliable crime-trend estimates. In England and Wales, domestic burglary fell by 58 per cent between 1995 and 2008/09, the trend levelling off after 2005/06. Wider use of more and better security arguably contributed to these drops. The availability of enhanced and especially basic security increased between 1997 and 2005/06, while burglary risk fell for all population income groups. Considering, however, the financial cost of burglary-protection devices, it is not surprising that enhanced security continues to be more accessible to better-off households. In 2005/06, the most affluent households were 60 per cent more likely to have such devices compared to the poorest. This is consistent with the finding that n... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610537 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610536&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F278%3Frss%3D1 Fuelled by contemporary concerns of risk and majoritarian calls to adhere to ‘the values the majority hold dear’ there can be said to be a ‘crisis of criminalization’ in liberal democracies. Whilst criminalization is clearly an important theme in criminology there has been little attention on the value judgments behind processes of criminalization. By drawing on elements of moral philosophy and by applying these ideas to everyday criminalization in Toronto, this article takes a first step towards addressing this omission. The article adopts a pluralist and social constructivist perspective where differential interpretations lead to the same behaviour being celebrated, tolerated or censured, depending on context and power. A model of value judgment and criminalizatio... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610536 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610535&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F256%3Frss%3D1 Internationally, sentencing research has largely neglected the impact of Indigeneity on sentencing outcomes. Using data from Western Australia's higher courts for the years 2003–05, we investigate the direct and interactive effects of Indigenous status on the judicial decision to imprison. Unlike prior research on race/ethnicity in which minority offenders are often found to be more harshly treated by sentencing courts, we find that Indigenous status has no direct effect on the decision to imprison, after adjusting for other sentencing factors (especially past and current criminality). However, there are sub-group differences: Indigenous males are more likely to receive a prison sentence compared to non-Indigenous females. We draw on the focal concerns perspective of judicial decisio... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610535 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4610534&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F2%2F235%3Frss%3D1 In the last two decades, Indigenous lobbies have pointed a harsh finger at the endemic overrepresentation of Indigenous individuals in prisons in Canada and abroad. In reaction to such a condemnatory critique, correctional authorities in Canada have sought to ‘aboriginalize’ prisons. This paper addresses some of the prison's adaptation schemes to shed light on three contradictory logics of risk-based management: (1) high-risk aboriginal offenders have little access to risk-reducing programmes; (2) aboriginality undergoes an ontological mutation that occurs during the process of risk assessment; and (3) aboriginal correctional staff play a contradictory role in the (re)production of ‘aboriginal risk’. To what extent, then, does the aboriginalization of prisons consti... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4610534 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4610534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337558&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F232%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337558 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337557&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F229%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337557 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337556&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F224%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337556 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337555&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F222%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337555 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337554&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F201%3Frss%3D1 This paper looks at official discourse on imprisonment under the apartheid and post-apartheid governments, comparing the ways that both regimes have justified the existence of the prison in South Africa. The period covered is from 1976 to 2004. The author shows how the ANC government has attempted to reinvent the prison as a means of establishing order in post-apartheid South Africa and that the demise of apartheid and advent of democracy have been accompanied by an exponential increase in long-term imprisonment. The paper tracks how the process of reform embarked on by the Nationalist Party Government from the late 1970s impacted upon prison practices. In the ‘new’ South Africa, a neo-liberal penality coexists with older disciplinary and sovereign strategies of penal governanc... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337554 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337553&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F179%3Frss%3D1 Public trust and confidence are vital to the police function. There has been much comment and debate about the apparent decline in confidence in the British police since the 1950s, most frequently evidenced by data from the British Crime Survey (BCS). Yet, there has been relatively little in-depth interrogation of the data at the heart of the discussion. Pooling data from 11 sweeps of the BCS (1984 to 2005/06), this paper shows a homogenization over time in trends in trust and confidence and experiences of encounters with the police. This pattern is found across both age and ethnicity, and can also be identified in other variables. The story that emerges therefore differs from analyses that emphasize the increasingly diffuse and variable nature of public experiences of the police. (Source:... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337553 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337552&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F159%3Frss%3D1 Studies based on British Crime Survey (BCS) data suggest that the overall incidence of workplace assault is relatively low. However, these data have a number of limitations. They include only assaults carried out by clients or the public, provide limited information about the individuals involved and their workplaces, and tell us little about perceived causes of violence at work. The 2008 Workplace Behaviour Survey (WBS) presents a more detailed picture than has hitherto been available about the extent and nature of interpersonal assaults at work. This paper discusses in detail the WBS findings regarding the prevalence, frequency and patterns of workplace assaults in Britain. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337552 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337551&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F136%3Frss%3D1 The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development is a prospective longitudinal survey of 411 South London males from age 8 to age 48. In this survey, it was previously found that men who marry relatively early reduce their offending behaviour after marriage, unlike those who marry relatively late. Further analyses confirmed that the original findings were not caused by regression to the mean. Comparisons between those who married at age 25 or older and those who married at age 18–24 on risk factors at age 8–32 suggest that the later-married men tended to be more nervous, more likely to have experienced a broken home, to be drug users and binge-drinkers, to maintain aggressive attitudes from age 18 to 32, and to continue to go out with their male friends after marriage. The later-m... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337551 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337550&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F120%3Frss%3D1 This paper examines the governance of risk in probation practice in England and Wales. It is concerned with the construction of risk assessments and the subsequent management of those offenders determined to be ‘risky’. It is concerned especially with how notions of rehabilitation, regulation and punishment interact in contemporary risk management practice. The paper comprises, first, an examination of evidence regarding the nature and operation of risk management in probation practice. Second, it describes the findings of an empirical examination of the operation of contemporary practices. Lastly, it discusses implications for how risk management practice is understood. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337550 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337549&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F95%3Frss%3D1 Restorative justice has long been touted as an effective and popular alternative to mainstream justice. While most research on the subject measures outcomes and satisfaction after the event, this study uses a video recording of a restorative justice conference to analyse at the micro level the emotional and interactional dynamics at work in transforming an initial situation of anger and anxiety into one marked by displays of solidarity between victim and offender. It develops Collins’ theory of interaction ritual chains to code the gradual emergence of a successful interaction by analysis of facial expressions, verbal cues, gestures and interactional dynamics. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337549 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337548&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F75%3Frss%3D1 This paper presents a new definition of fear of crime that integrates two conceptual developments in this enduring field of criminological enquiry. Our measurement strategy differentiates first between specific worries and diffuse anxieties in emotional responses to crime, and second between productive and counterproductive effects on subjective well-being and precautionary activities. Drawing on data from a representative survey of seven London neighbourhoods, these distinctions are combined into an ordinal scale that moves from the ‘unworried’, to low-level motivating emotions, to frequent and dysfunctional worry about crime. We demonstrate that different categories of ‘fear’ have different correlates and explain different levels of variation in public confidence ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337548 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337547&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F58%3Frss%3D1 Gender is seen as the most important factor related to different levels of fear of crime, with women consistently reporting higher levels of fear than men. Several explanations have been elaborated, which largely focus either on the irrationally high level of female fear or (from a feminist perspective) on the impact of differential socialization processes, with women being socialized as fearful subjects compared to ‘fearless’ men. However, both explanations imply a rather static interpretation of the gender–fear relation. In this paper, the ‘doing gender’ thesis (West and Zimmerman 1987) is adopted to develop a gender identity scale, using a broad range of attitudes and activities dominantly seen as masculine or feminine in a sample of Belgian adolescents and... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337547 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337546&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F40%3Frss%3D1 This article explores the extent of differential justice in the United Kingdom, particularly as it is expressed in the myriad action plans, criminal justice reviews, frameworks for action, delivery plans and offending strategies that have surfaced since 1998. In particular, the article considers how far policy convergence and divergence are reflected through the discourses of risk, welfare, restoration and children's rights in the four administrations of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. For comparative criminology, the United Kingdom offers a unique opportunity to explore how international and national pressures towards convergence and/or divergence can be challenged, rebranded, versioned, adapted or resisted at sub-national and local levels. (Source: British Journal of Crimi... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337546 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337545&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F21%3Frss%3D1 Neuroscience is rapidly increasing comprehension of the human brain. This paper considers its prospective relevance to youth justice policy. In the United States, neuroscientific findings have been co-opted as a liberalizing tool. The parallel lure of these studies in the United Kingdom is foreseeable, given how they plausibly mesh with arguments in support of raising the age of criminal responsibility, along with bolstering policies of de-carceration and diversion. However, caution should be exercised: neuroscience can be used in ways that both contribute to human flourishing, along with potentially diminishing it. In science, this is a well recognized quandary, referred to as the dual-use dilemma. More problematically, neuroscience could be utilized to ‘prove’ poor parenting,... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337545 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4337544&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F51%2F1%2F1%3Frss%3D1 Previous research has indicated that various deprivation indicators have a positive impact on crime rates at the community level. In this article, we investigate the impact of deprivation indicators on crime in Belgian municipalities (n = 589) for the period 2001–06. A spatial regression analysis demonstrates that unemployment figures have a strong and significant impact on crime rates, and this effect is stronger than the effect of income levels. Income inequality has a significant positive impact on property crime rates but a negative impact on violent crime. Crime is heavily concentrated in the urban centres of Belgium, but we also observe some important regional variations. Demographic structure was not related to crime levels, while spatial analysis shows there is a spill-over e... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4337544 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4337544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096803&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1205%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096803 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096802&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1202%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096802 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096801&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1200%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096801 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096800&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1198%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096800 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096799&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1195%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096799 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096798&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1193%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096798 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096797&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1191%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096797 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096796&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1171%3Frss%3D1 In an article in a recent issue of this journal, Pantazis and Pemberton claim that anti-terrorist laws passed in the United Kingdom in the context of a post-9/11 official political discourse have turned Muslims into a ‘suspect community’ (Pantazis and Pemberton 2009). Regrettably, this thesis is built on a series of analytical, methodological, conceptual, logical, empirical, evidential and interpretive errors. There is no evidence to support it and a great deal that points in the opposite direction. This reply argues that the ‘suspect community’ thesis should, therefore, be rejected by social science, public policy and progressive politics in favour of a much more nuanced, multidimensional, accurate and productive account of the relationship between Muslims and the ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096796 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096795&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1155%3Frss%3D1 The present study is based on a controlled experiment in Switzerland with 240 subjects randomly assigned either to community service or to electronic monitoring. Measures of outcome include reconvictions, self-reported delinquency and several measures of social integration such as marriage, income and debts. The findings, based on subjects who successfully completed their sanction, suggest, with marginal significance (p < 0.10), that those assigned to electronic monitoring reoffended less than those assigned to community service, that they were more often married and lived under more favourable financial circumstances. Electronic monitoring may be an alternative to non-custodial sanctions. With increasing demands for non-custodial sanctions, it is crucial having more alternatives availa... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096795 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096794&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1136%3Frss%3D1 This article employs a governmentality framework to make sense of approaches to building public confidence, based upon a performance management regime that includes the British Crime Survey and a range of communicative technologies intended to raise public confidence. Whilst there are two discursive threads running throughout that broadly correspond with models of crime control and due process, priority has been afforded at the level of governmental ‘talk’ to the crime control model. Reflecting upon the strengths and limitations of the governmentality framework, the article questions the likelihood of the crime control discourse being enacted in practice, as well as the appropriateness of such a policy emphasis. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096794 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096793&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1117%3Frss%3D1 This paper takes critique of surveillance studies scholars of the shortcomings of the panoptic model for analysing contemporary systems of surveillance as a starting point. We argue that core conceptual tools, in conjunction with an under-conceptualization of agency, privilege a focus on the oppressive elements of surveillance. This often yields unsatisfying insights to why surveillance works, for whom, and at whose costs. We discuss the so-called Prüm regime, pertaining to transnational data exchange for forensic and police use in the EU, to illustrate how—by articulating instances of what we call ‘situated dis/empowerment’—agency can be better conceptualized, sharpening our gaze for the large extent to which the empowering and disempowering effects of surveil... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096793 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096792&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1094%3Frss%3D1 This article seeks to locate the public interest in policing counterfeit luxury fashion goods by separating it out from the broader debate over safety-critical counterfeits such as aircraft parts. It then maps out what is, in effect, the criminology of desire for counterfeit goods, before outlining the market incentives for counterfeiting and related criminal activity. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096792 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096791&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1077%3Frss%3D1 This article provides an analysis of the role of the Advisory Council on the Treatment of Offenders in the provision of policy advice to the government in the years after the Second World War and highlights the role of its women members, who mainly owed their appointment as advisors to their expertise gained in the voluntary role of Justice of the Peace. The article first contrasts the voluntary workers’ supposedly ‘amateur’ status with the mainly ‘professional’ credentials of the Council's other members and the relevance of the conventional distinctions made between the two types of experience is questioned. There follows an evaluation of the Council's impact on criminal justice policy in the period 1944–64. The article concludes that the clearest case ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096791 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096790&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1060%3Frss%3D1 The relationship between the police and the news media is an integral part of how police forces communicate into the public sphere. Using, as a benchmark, Chibnall's influential account of English crime reporting, Law-and-Order News, and drawing on Habermas's concept of the public sphere, this paper examines the contemporary police–media relationship. It analyses the rise of police corporate communications against the apparent decline of specialist crime reporting drawing on interviews with crime reporters, police communications managers and a survey of police forces in England, Wales and Scotland. The paper concludes that ‘law-and-order news’ currently remains contested but the relationship is increasingly asymmetrical in favour of the police. (Source: British Journal of... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096790 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096789&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1041%3Frss%3D1 This article explores the rise of ‘citizen journalism’ and considers its implications for the policing and news media reporting of public protests in the twenty-first century. Our research focuses on the use and impact of multi-media technologies during the 2009 G20 Summit Protests in London and evaluates their role in shaping the subsequent representation of ‘protest as news’. The classic concepts of ‘inferential structure’ (Lang and Lang 1955) and ‘hierarchy of credibility’ (Becker 1967) are re-situated within the context of the 24–7 news mediasphere to analyse the transition in news media focus at G20 from ‘protester violence’ to ‘police violence’. This transition is understood in terms of three key issues: th... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096789 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096788&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F1023%3Frss%3D1 This paper shows that preventing ‘suicide risks’ in French prison regulations is thwarted in two prisons by professional criteria regarding credibility and solidarity, as well as by the balance of power between prisoners and guards, in addition to the realization, on the part of the judges responsible for sentencing, of the risks posed by recidivists. The results of this study should provoke a re-evaluation of suicide prevention programmes when considered in the light of the numerous mediations and transcriptions between these programmes and their subsequent concretization in the culture and practices of prison employees. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096788 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4096787&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F6%2F999%3Frss%3D1 The issue of decriminalizing illicit drugs is hotly debated, but is rarely subject to evidence-based analysis. This paper examines the case of Portugal, a nation that decriminalized the use and possession of all illicit drugs on 1 July 2001. Drawing upon independent evaluations and interviews conducted with 13 key stakeholders in 2007 and 2009, it critically analyses the criminal justice and health impacts against trends from neighbouring Spain and Italy. It concludes that contrary to predictions, the Portuguese decriminalization did not lead to major increases in drug use. Indeed, evidence indicates reductions in problematic use, drug-related harms and criminal justice overcrowding. The article discusses these developments in the context of drug law debates and criminological discussions ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4096787 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4096787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876398&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F994%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876398 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:22 +0100 3876398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876397&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F992%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876397 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:22 +0100 3876397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876396&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F990%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876396 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:22 +0100 3876396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876395&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F987%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876395 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:22 +0100 3876395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876394&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F985%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876394 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:22 +0100 3876394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876393&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F983%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876393 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:22 +0100 3876393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876392&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F980%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876392 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:22 +0100 3876392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876391&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F977%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876391 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:22 +0100 3876391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876390&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F975%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876390 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:22 +0100 3876390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876389&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F954%3Frss%3D1 In 1999, the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry heavily criticized ethnic disparities in stop and search (‘disproportionality’), triggering a national reform effort to make the tactic fairer and more effective. Analyses of searches under core powers using up to 12 years of annual data from 38 police force areas in England indicate that aggregate disparities showed no improvement following the reforms. However, this overall finding is heavily influenced by London and, to a lesser extent, Greater Manchester and West Midlands, which are out of step with most of the rest of the country. The average force showed reductions in disproportionality associated with the reforms, although did not see improvements in arrest rates of searches. Theoretical implications of the results are discussed. (So... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876389 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:22 +0100 3876389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876388&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F935%3Frss%3D1 One of the many reforms to have emerged from the Stephen Lawrence inquiry is that requiring the police to make a record of all stops (Recommendation 61). What might have been accepted as a fairly routine extension of the existing regulatory framework was widely resented by officers who considered it part of an ‘attack’ on the police service spearheaded by allegations of institutional racism. This ‘attack’, it is argued here, has been experienced as a form of collective trauma, giving rise to a series of defence mechanisms and allied forms of resistance that have distanced the new recording requirement from its intended purpose. Such defences, it is concluded, should be anticipated and addressed as part of the process of reform. (Source: British Journal of Criminolog... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876388 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:22 +0100 3876388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876387&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F914%3Frss%3D1 This paper applies the concept of ‘new visibility’ (Thompson 2005) to recent developments around policing, particularly the prevalence of mobile phone cameras in the wider community and the capacity via video-sharing platforms such as YouTube, and social networking sites like Facebook, to share images of apparent police misconduct with mass audiences and to mobilize groups into taking action of some kind. Two case studies, the Ian Tomlinson case in London in April 2009 and the Robert Dziekanski case in Vancouver in October 2007, are used to illustrate the unprecedented power of this new capability and the challenges that it poses for police image management. The implications for police legitimacy and accountability of these developments are explored. (Source: British Journal of... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876387 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:22 +0100 3876387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876386&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F896%3Frss%3D1 This article develops understandings of how contractual injunctions are actually used in practice by the police. Analyses of the different ways contractual injunctions are directed at certain social groups are developed in relation to police occupational cultures that place limits and possibilities on their application. It concludes by locating the broader social effects of contractual injunctions with issues of urban marginality and growing powers to criminalize social predicaments. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876386 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:22 +0100 3876386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876385&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F873%3Frss%3D1 We present a study analysing audio recordings of two community groups meeting in a deprived inner-city area with high rates of crime, using conversation analytic and discursive psychological techniques to conduct an affective–textual analysis that draws out aspects of participants’ moral reasoning and identifies its emotional dimensions. Moral reasoning around crime and anti-social behaviour took three forms (invoking moral categories, developing moral hierarchies, invoking vulnerable others) and was bound up with a wide range of emotional enactments and emotion displays. Findings are discussed in relation to contemporary government policy and possible future research. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876385 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:21 +0100 3876385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876384&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F851%3Frss%3D1 In view of the smuggling out of democratic leaders after the Tiananmen crackdown in 1989 and China's resumption of sovereignty of Hong Kong in 1997, China applied a ‘united front’ tactic to recruit Hong Kong triad societies to the Communist camp. Consequently, triad leaders were able to set foot in China and bridge up with officials and state enterprises. Against this backdrop, this paper argues that when political dynamics is involved, both the traditional structural and social network approaches are insufficient to explain triad-organized crime. Therefore, social capital perspective is proposed. Using two case studies, it was discovered that the triad leaders converted the social capital they developed in mainland China into economic capital through illegitimate means in the ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876384 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:21 +0100 3876384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876383&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F830%3Frss%3D1 In most EU countries and the United States, immigration detention is defined as an administrative, non-punitive measure to facilitate expulsion. This paper argues that immigration detention in the Netherlands serves three informal functions in addition to its formal function as an instrument of expulsion: (1) deterring illegal residence, (2) controlling pauperism and (3) managing popular anxiety by symbolically asserting state control. These informal functions indicate that society has not found a definitive solution for the presence of migrants who are not admitted but are also difficult to expel. The analysis, which is placed against the background of the functions of penal detention, is based on policy documents, survey data, administrative data and fieldwork in a Dutch immigration dete... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876383 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:21 +0100 3876383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876382&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F808%3Frss%3D1 This text suggests a general sociological model to interpret the development of violent behaviours in interpersonal relationships, based on the French case. An original synthesis of various types of data is used: police and judicial statistics, victimization and self-reported surveys, demographic and socio-economic data. The model links together five processes at work in French society: a societal process of pacification, a political and legal process of criminalization, a process of judiciarization of everyday life conflicts, a socio-economic process of competition for consumer goods, and a process of economic, social and spatial segregation. This model also attempts to link many theoretical contributions that have shaped the history of sociology and criminology. (Source: British Journal ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876382 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:21 +0100 3876382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3876381&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F5%2F795%3Frss%3D1 New forms of ‘simulated’ justice and policing are emerging at the convergence of telemetric regulation with two linked trends: the monetization of justice and the development of risk-based technologies of governance. A definitive example is the traffic fine, where, increasingly, the offence is electronically monitored, calibrated, monetized into a fine, the fine issued and expiated in simulated space—that point at which the real and the virtual converge. While all of this is very ‘real’ (real money is primarily electronic and digitized), binary codes rather than liberal individuals are focal. Key forms of simulated justice operate beyond the reach of ‘individual rights’ as liberal individuals are fragmented into simulated ‘dividuals’ an... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3876381 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 13:00:21 +0100 3876381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3658777&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F4%2F793%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3658777 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 05:17:03 +0100 3658777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3658776&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F4%2F791%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3658776 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 05:17:03 +0100 3658776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3658775&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F4%2F772%3Frss%3D1 This paper conceptually examines one specific case of international terrorism, including the emergence and maintenance of membership-allegiance in its militant extremist group. This is the case of the Islamic Resistance Movement (or Hamas) and the manifestation of its corresponding Palestinian identity. Although the social person is constituted by symbols and objects, acts and social acts, meanings, and role-taking and role-making, questions persist about how best to promote peaceful coexistence, advance the interests of non-violence and ensure the protection of basic human rights. These practices constitute an ethic grounded in Aristotelian virtue. The delineation of key principles emanating from critical restorative justice helps to specify this brand of moral reasoning. The integration ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3658775 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 05:17:03 +0100 3658775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3658774&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F4%2F748%3Frss%3D1 Public attitudes towards the police are considered one of the important outcomes of policing in democratic countries. However, it is not clear how policing terrorism may affect these evaluations. The ‘Rally Effect’ provides a context for examining this question, and suggests that when faced with severe terrorism threats, public perceptions of the police will rise in the short term but decline over time. Utilizing this framework, this article examines fluctuations in attitudes of Jewish adults in Israel towards the police over the past decade, within the context of legitimacy and procedural justice. The results lend support for the hypothesized model, and suggest that in addition to police conduct, public attitudes toward the police may be influenced by larger social forces. (So... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3658774 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 05:17:03 +0100 3658774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3658773&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F4%2F725%3Frss%3D1 In this study, we examine the impacts of terrorist threats on one aspect of police performance—the clearance of police files. Using Israel during the Second Intifada (2000–04) as a case study, we analyse the impact of level of terrorist threat, while controlling for other possible confounding factors, separating out communities that are primarily Jewish or Arab. Our analyses suggest that terrorist threats have a significant impact upon police performance, though that impact varies strongly by type of community. Higher levels of threat are associated with lower proportions of cleared cases in the majority Jewish communities, and higher proportions in the majority Arab communities. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3658773 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 05:17:03 +0100 3658773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3658772&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F4%2F708%3Frss%3D1 This article examines such production and attempts to delineate the limits to criminology in the analysis of political violence. By presenting interview extracts from a case study centred on violent political conflict in Italy during the 1970s and 1980s, I demonstrate why criminology should seek supplementary explanatory categories within the broader realm of social theory, rather than rely exclusively on the theories and assumptions of traditional criminology. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3658772 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 05:17:03 +0100 3658772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3658771&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F4%2F690%3Frss%3D1 This study examines the range of terrorist action employed by ETA and the underlying psychological dimensions that distinguish between the conduct of their two main forms: assassinations and bombings. Descriptive accounts of incidents occurring between 1980 and 2007 are analysed for content and for the similarities and differences between the incidents represented, using Multidimensional Scalogram Analysis. The results show that incidents vary according to dimensions of victim targeting. For assassinations, these dimensions are proximity and specificity, whilst bombings vary in the level of ‘intent to harm’ and the type of victim. Correlational analysis reveals that the group goes through periods of increased and decreased activity involving all forms of action, rather than dis... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3658771 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 05:17:03 +0100 3658771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3658770&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F4%2F670%3Frss%3D1 This article compares the background, motivation, pathways and prison experiences of Arab/Palestinian women who were imprisoned for conventional crimes with those who were incarcerated for security-related or terrorism offences. In-depth interviews of the two groups were conducted in the Israeli prisons in which they served their sentences. Prison personnel were also interviewed and court and prison files examined to validate the women's background and criminal history. Although both groups transgressed gender expectations by venturing into male-dominated worlds (crime and terrorism), the data point to differences between the groups regarding their personal background and the manner in which their violations were influenced by gender and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The implicat... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3658770 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 05:17:02 +0100 3658770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3658769&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F4%2F650%3Frss%3D1 The history of international efforts to control the flow of funds to designated ‘terrorist groups’ via the formal financial system is examined. The work shows that—despite the high motivation of some governments and international banks to reduce terrorist attacks, which harm their citizens, customers, staff and profits—it remains difficult to determine how this private–public policing interface can rationally target ‘risky capital’. Financial intelligence efforts have had little externally discernible impact on reducing levels of terrorism or on criminal convictions. It reviews evaluation problems in knowing whether the apparent lack of effects is due to measurement failure (estimating how much terrorist harm might have occurred had the controls no... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3658769 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 05:17:02 +0100 3658769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3658768&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F4%2F622%3Frss%3D1 Despite growing international concern about terrorism, until recently, very little was known about worldwide risk patterns for terrorist attacks. In this paper, we are especially interested in determining the extent to which terrorism is concentrated at the country level over time and whether different measures of terrorism (total, attributed and fatal attacks) yield similar results. Traditional sources of crime data—official police records and victimization and self-report crime surveys—typically exclude terrorism. In response, there has been growing interest in terrorist event databases. In this research, we report on the most comprehensive of these databases to date, formed by merging the Global Terrorism Database maintained by the START Center with the RAND-MIPT database. W... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3658768 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 05:17:02 +0100 3658768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3658767&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F4%2F617%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3658767 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 05:17:02 +0100 3658767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453462&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F3%2F613%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453462 Fri, 09 Apr 2010 12:59:01 +0100 3453462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453461&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F3%2F610%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453461 Fri, 09 Apr 2010 12:59:01 +0100 3453461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453460&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F3%2F608%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453460 Fri, 09 Apr 2010 12:59:01 +0100 3453460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453459&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F3%2F589%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453459 Fri, 09 Apr 2010 12:59:01 +0100 3453459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453458&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F3%2F587%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453458 Fri, 09 Apr 2010 12:59:01 +0100 3453458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453457&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F3%2F582%3Frss%3D1 (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453457 Fri, 09 Apr 2010 12:59:01 +0100 3453457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453456&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F3%2F570%3Frss%3D1 Tours of operational prisons and jails have been advocated by some academics as one way of conducting observational research inside carceral institutions and have also been employed as a university-level pedagogical tool for teaching students about the realities of imprisonment. Though the merits of carceral tours as a knowledge-producing practice have been discussed in criminology and related social scientific disciplines, accounts of their limitations supported by empirical evidence remain sparse. Based on previously unpublished Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) penitentiary tour materials obtained through Access to Information requests, this article argues that carceral tours can be highly scripted and regulated in ways that obscure many of the central aspects of incarceration and, i... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453456 Fri, 09 Apr 2010 12:59:01 +0100 3453456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453455&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F3%2F550%3Frss%3D1 Despite becoming almost synonymous in the public's imagination with ‘law and order’ and toughness on crime, the Thatcher years (1979–90) would not be characterized by many criminologists as a period of radical reform of the criminal justice system. Thatcherism, it seems, was far less radical in the criminal policy field than it was in housing, the economy or local government finance. This paper explores the reasons for this seeming paradox. Our argument is that Thatcherite thinking came late to this policy realm and only started to inform policy in any consistent and radical way after Thatcher had left office. This we attribute to: (1) the precedence accorded other issue domains more closely associated with the ‘crisis’ to which Thatcherism claimed to provide ... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453455 Fri, 09 Apr 2010 12:59:01 +0100 3453455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453454&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F3%2F530%3Frss%3D1 In the extant literature, adult-onset offending has usually been identified using official sources. It is possible, however, that many of the individuals identified would have had unofficial histories of prior offending. To investigate this issue, the men from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD) were examined. The CSDD is a prospective longitudinal study of men from inner-city London, followed from age 8 to age 48. Onset of offending was identified using official records and then the self-reported offending of the adult-onset offender group (with a first conviction at age 21 or later) was compared to others. All the adult-onset offenders self-reported some previous offending in childhood and adolescence but most of this offending was not sufficiently frequent or serious to... British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453454 Fri, 09 Apr 2010 12:59:01 +0100 3453454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453453&cid=s_35593_142_f&fid=35593&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbjc.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F50%2F3%2F514%3Frss%3D1 Drawing from interviews with active robbers (drug robbers and carjackers), this paper explores the role of serendipity in the robbery target selection process. Serendipity is defined as the art of finding something valuable while engrossed in something different (Roberts 1989). The discovery is unanticipated, unexpected and anomalous (Merton and Barber 2006) and may result from decidedly negative experiences. The extent to which robbery targets emerge through ‘pure’ serendipity or a more ‘manufactured’ variety sheds light on the conceptual interface between perception, need, opportunity and rational choice. (Source: British Journal of Criminology - recent issues) British Journal of Criminology - recent issues journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453453 Fri, 09 Apr 2010 12:59:01 +0100 3453453