MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'British Journal of Psychology' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 02:31:38 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585759&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22229768%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simner J Abstract Studies investigating developmental synaesthesia have sought to describe a number of qualities that might capture in behavioural terms the defining characteristics of this unusual phenomenon. The task of generating a definition is made more difficult by the fact that any description of synaesthesia must be broad enough to capture the 61 different variants of the condition already reported to date. Given these difficulties, the current literature now contains a number of conflicting assumptions about the nature of this condition. Here, I attempt to address several of these divisive areas from a set of contemporary definitions. I present evidence that might argue against previous claims that synaesthesia is (a) a 'merging of the senses', which (b) gives ris... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585759 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 17:14:12 +0100 5585759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585756&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22229769%26dopt%3DAbstract This article is a commentary on the article 'Defining synaesthesia' (Simner, 2012). PMID: 22229769 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585756 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 17:14:02 +0100 5585756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585752&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22229770%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cohen Kadosh R, Terhune DB Abstract In a thought-provoking paper, Simner (2012) highlights and criticizes a number of assumptions concerning synaesthesia. She specifically takes issue with the following assumptions: (1) synaesthesia is strictly a sensory-perceptual phenomenon; (2) consistency of inducer-concurrent pairs is the gold standard for establishing the authenticity of an individual's synaesthesia; and (3) synaesthesia is not heterogeneous. In the wake of this critique, Simner advances a working definition of synaesthesia as a neurological hyper-association that aims to be more inclusive of its variants. We are very sympathetic to Simner's approach and believe that it raises important points that will advance our understanding of synaesthesia. Here we supplement, a... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585752 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 17:13:52 +0100 5585752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585749&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22229771%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simner J Abstract This paper is an author response to two commentaries on 'Defining Synaesthesia' (Simner, 2012) by David M. Eagleman ('Synesthesia in its protean guises', 2012), and Roi Cohen Kadosh and Devin B. Terhune ('Redefining synaesthesia?', 2012). Together with these authors, I seek to more closely examine existing criteria on which definitions of synaesthesia have been based. In particular, I focus on the fact (a) that existing definitions paint synaesthesia as an overly homogenous condition, (b) synaesthesia may have multiple neurological causes, and (c) synaesthetes and non-synaesthetes may lie on a continuum. PMID: 22229771 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585749 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 17:13:42 +0100 5585749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585745&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22229772%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hutter RR, Wood C, Dodd GF Abstract We investigated the effect of age-related decline in executive ability on the application of emergent features to incongruent social category conjunctions (e.g., male midwife). When forming an impression of an incongruent conjunction, older adults used more emergent attributes (attributes associated exclusively with the category conjunction and not the constituents), relative to younger adults. Moreover, this relationship was mediated by a reduction in inhibitory ability (measured using a Stroop task) and processing speed (measured using a Digit Symbol Substitution Test, DSST). These findings are consistent with the notion that executive ability is pivotal in understanding social functioning in older adults. We discuss the implications o... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585745 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 17:13:31 +0100 5585745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585744&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22229773%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Blijlevens J, Carbon CC, Mugge R, Schoormans JP Abstract Theories differ on how typicality and arousal influence aesthetic appraisal and whether these processes together interact or have independent effects on aesthetic appraisal. This research investigates the simultaneous effects of typicality and arousal on aesthetic appraisal for product designs by manipulating both processes separately: typicality by prototype deviation and arousal by colour saturation levels. We demonstrate that typicality has a curvilinear relationship with aesthetic appraisal. Additionally, arousal has a positive linear relationship with aesthetic appraisal of product designs. Moreover, arousal can influence aesthetic appraisal independent from typicality. PMID: 22229773 [PubMed - in process] (... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585744 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 17:13:20 +0100 5585744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585743&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22229774%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rakoczy H, Harder-Kasten A, Sturm L Abstract Following up on existing, mixed findings in the literature on social cognition in old age different aspects of theory of mind were investigated in younger and older adults. In line with some previous findings, older participants - though matched with the younger ones on crystallized abilities- performed significantly worse both on tasks requiring the ascription of complex intentional attitudes to story protagonists and on tasks of recognizing subtle emotional expressions from video displays. Control analyses showed, however, that these deficits are partly explained by domain-general declines in processing speed and executive function. The implications of these findings for the nature of social cognition and its fate in old age a... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585743 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 17:13:10 +0100 5585743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585742&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22229775%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: O'Mahony C, Newell FN Abstract Recent studies on cross-modal recognition suggest that face and voice information are linked for the purpose of person identification. We tested whether congruent associations between familiarized faces and voices facilitated subsequent person recognition relative to incongruent associations. Furthermore, we investigated whether congruent face and name associations would similarly benefit person identification relative to incongruent face and name associations. Participants were familiarized with a set of talking video-images of actors, their names, and their voices. They were then tested on their recognition of either the face, voice, or name of each actor from bimodal stimuli which were either congruent or novel (incongruent) associations b... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585742 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 17:12:59 +0100 5585742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585719&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22229776%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mishra S, Gregson M, Lalumière ML Abstract Prospect theory suggests that people are risk-averse when facing gains, but risk-prone when facing losses, a pattern known as the framing effect. Although framing effects have been widely demonstrated, few studies have investigated framing effects under conditions of need. Risk-sensitivity theory predicts that decision makers should prefer high-risk options in situations of high need, when lower risk options are unlikely to meet those needs. In two experiments, we examined (1) whether framing effects occurred in behavioural tasks involving risky decision making from description and decision making from experience, (2) whether participants' risky decision making conformed to the predictions of risk-sensitivity theory, and (3) whet... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585719 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 17:12:49 +0100 5585719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585707&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22229777%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheetham JM, Rahm B, Kaller CP, Unterrainer JM Abstract The role of verbal and visuospatial information processing in Tower of London (TOL) tasks was investigated. The first part of the investigation examined the verbal and visuospatial abilities and preferred cognitive style (visualizer vs. verbalizer) of 79 participants, in an inter-individual differences approach. Visuospatial abilities significantly predicted TOL performance, but the impact of cognitive style was negligible. The second part applied a dual-task manipulation of concurrent interference of TOL planning tasks on verbal and visuospatial memory, using the same participants. Concurrent processing of the TOL tasks diminished visuospatial memory performance considerably but had no effect on verbal memory, and th... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585707 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 17:12:40 +0100 5585707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585706&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22229778%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huestegge L, Heim S, Zettelmeyer E, Lange-Küttner C Abstract Based on the assumption that boys are more likely to tackle reading based on the visual modality, we assessed reading skills, visual short-term memory (VSTM), visual long-term memory for details (VLTM-D), and general non-verbal cognitive ability in primary school children. Reading was within the normal range in both accuracy and understanding. There was no reading performance gap in favour of girls, on the contrary, in this sample boys read better. An entire array of visual, non-verbal processes was associated directly or indirectly with reading in boys, whereas this pattern was not observed for the girls. PMID: 22229778 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585706 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 17:12:30 +0100 5585706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585705&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22229779%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheng YY, Shein PP, Chiou WB Abstract People's willingness to postpone receiving an immediate reward in order to gain additional benefits in the future, that is, a tendency to shallow delay discounting, is closely related to one's health, wealth, and happiness. We conducted two experiments investigating how the prospect concept can induce a future-oriented mindset and induce people to behave accordingly. We found that engaging in prospective imagery led the participants to focus on delayed utility over immediate utility in financial decisions (Experiment 1). Participants who received the prospect prime via a scrambled-sentence task decreased their desire to pursue hedonic activities for instant gratification (Experiment 2). Moreover, a state of future orientation mediated ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585705 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 17:12:21 +0100 5585705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585704&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22229780%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22229780 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585704 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 17:12:12 +0100 5585704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321940&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988378%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schweinberger SR, Burton AM PMID: 21988378 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321940 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:13:03 +0100 5321940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321939&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988379%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Campbell R Abstract In the context of face processing, the skill of processing speech from faces (speechreading) occupies a unique cognitive and neuropsychological niche. Neuropsychological dissociations in two cases (Campbell et al., 1986) suggested a very clear pattern: speechreading, but not face recognition, can be impaired by left-hemisphere damage, while face-recognition impairment consequent to right-hemisphere damage leaves speechreading unaffected. However, this story soon proved too simple, while neuroimaging techniques started to reveal further more detailed patterns. These patterns, moreover, were readily accommodated within the Bruce and Young (1986) model. Speechreading requires structural encoding of faces as faces, but further analysis of visible speech is ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321939 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:12:53 +0100 5321939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321938&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988380%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Belin P, Bestelmeyer PE, Latinus M, Watson R Abstract Voices carry large amounts of socially relevant information on persons, much like 'auditory faces'. Following Bruce and Young (1986)'s seminal model of face perception, we propose that the cerebral processing of vocal information is organized in interacting but functionally dissociable pathways for processing the three main types of vocal information: speech, identity, and affect. The predictions of the 'auditory face' model of voice perception are reviewed in the light of recent clinical, psychological, and neuroimaging evidence. PMID: 21988380 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321938 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:12:43 +0100 5321938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321937&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988381%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Natu V, O'Toole AJ Abstract Familiar faces are represented with rich visual, semantic, and emotional codes that support nearly effortless perception and recognition of these faces. Unfamiliar faces pose a greater challenge to human perception and memory systems. The established behavioural disparities for familiar and unfamiliar faces undoubtedly stem from differences in the quality and nature of their underlying neural representations. In this review, our goal is to characterize what is known about the neural pathways that respond to familiar and unfamiliar faces using data from functional neuroimaging studies. We divide our presentation by type of familiarity (famous, personal, and visual familiarity) to consider the distinct neural underpinnings of each. We conclude wit... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321937 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:12:34 +0100 5321937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321936&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988382%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schweinberger SR, Walther C, Zäske R, Kovács G Abstract Apart from speech content, the human voice also carries paralinguistic information about speaker identity. Voice identification and its neural correlates have received little scientific attention up to now. Here we use event-related potentials (ERPs) in an adaptation paradigm, in order to investigate the neural representation and the time course of vocal identity processing. Participants adapted to repeated utterances of vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) of one personally familiar speaker (either A or B), before classifying a subsequent test voice varying on an identity continuum between these two speakers. Following adaptation to speaker A, test voices were more likely perceived as speaker B and vice versa, and these con... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321936 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:12:24 +0100 5321936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321935&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988383%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dörr P, Herzmann G, Sommer W Abstract The model of face recognition by Bruce and Young postulates a pool of structural representations for familiar faces in long-term memory, so-called face recognition units (FRUs). Event-related brain potentials show early repetition priming effects for familiar faces around 250-300 ms [N250r or early repetition effect (ERE)], which are thought to reflect the activation of these FRUs. However, small N250r effects are also seen for unfamiliar faces suggesting that priming of perceptual codes (i.e., pictorial and structural codes) also contributes to early repetition effects. Using a face-familiarity task in Experiment 1, we aimed to eliminate these perceptual contributions to face priming by backward masking the prime face with a differen... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321935 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:12:14 +0100 5321935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321934&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988384%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nemrodov D, Itier RJ Abstract The current study employed a rapid adaptation procedure to test the neuronal mechanisms of the face inversion effect (FIE) on the early face-sensitive event-related potential (ERP) component N170. Five categories of face-related stimuli (isolated eyes, isolated mouths, eyeless faces, mouthless faces, and full faces) and houses were presented in upright and inverted orientations as adaptors for inverted full face test stimuli. Strong adaptation was found for all face-related stimuli except mouths. The adaptation effect was larger for inverted than upright stimuli, but only when eyes were present. These results underline an important role of eyes in early face processing. A mechanism of eye-dependent orientation sensitivity during the structural... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321934 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:12:04 +0100 5321934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321933&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988385%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jeffery L, Rhodes G Abstract An important question in person perception is how we acquire the perceptual/cognitive mechanisms that characterize adult expertise. Children's performance on face recognition tests improves dramatically between age 4 and adolescence suggesting that our face recognition system may change during childhood. Yet, the source of this improvement is controversial. In this review, we consider whether changes in the way identity is represented/coded in face space could contribute to this age-related improvement. Face aftereffects have been extensively applied to studying face coding in adults and more recently they have been applied to studying the mechanisms of face coding in children. Face aftereffects are temporary distortions of perception induced b... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321933 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:11:54 +0100 5321933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321932&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988386%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Macchi Cassia V Abstract In this paper, I review studies investigating discrimination and recognition abilities for faces of different ages in children and adults. Contrary to the earlier assertion that own-age faces are better recognized than other-age faces (own-age bias; OAB), I discuss recent evidence for a processing advantage for adult versus non-adult faces. This evidence is interpreted as suggesting that the precocious and continuous exposure to adult faces may shape the individual's face representation across development. Moreover, by testing how experience with faces of various ages acquired at different times in development modulates face-processing skills, this evidence shows that plasticity of face recognition abilities decreases with age, but early-acquired e... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321932 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:11:44 +0100 5321932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321931&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988387%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Straube T, Mothes-Lasch M, Miltner WH Abstract Theoretical accounts suggest an increased and automatic neural processing of emotional, especially threat-related, facial expressions and emotional prosody. In line with this assumption, several functional imaging studies showed activation to threat-related faces and voices in subcortical and cortical brain areas during attentional distraction or unconscious stimulus processing. Furthermore, electrophysiological studies provided evidence for automatic early brain responses to emotional facial expressions and emotional prosody. However, there is increasing evidence that available cognitive resources modulate brain responses to emotional signals from faces and voices, even though conflicting findings may occur depending on conte... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321931 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:11:34 +0100 5321931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321929&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988388%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Quinn KA, Macrae CN Abstract Social-cognitive investigations of face perception have tended to be motivated by different goals than cognitive and neuropsychological studies-namely, to understand the dynamics of social categorization rather than identity recognition-and the result has been a lack of cross-pollination of insights and ideas between the disciplines. We review the evidence from social cognition, with an eye to discussing how this work aligns with the Bruce and Young (1986) model of face recognition. Acknowledging the invaluable impact the model has exerted on our understanding of face recognition, we suggest that considering the bottom-up constraints of visual processing and the top-down influences of semantic knowledge will contribute to a more comprehensive u... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321929 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:11:25 +0100 5321929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321928&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988389%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rakić T, Steffens MC, Mummendey A Abstract The visual dimension has featured prominently in person perception in the last 25 years. Alone, this dimension cannot give the complete 'picture' of others because language and speech (i.e., the auditory dimension) are also highly informative. Social-cognition research investigates the role of auditory information for impression formation. In a series of experiments, we tested perceived competence, hirability, and socio-intellectual status of different targets based on their regional accents. Given identical content of statements in different conditions of an alleged job interview, regional German accents (Saxon, Bavarian, and Berlin) resulted in lower perceived competence and hirability than standard German, even though the Bava... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321928 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:11:15 +0100 5321928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321927&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988390%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gordon I, Tanaka JW Abstract In this paper, we discuss the role of name labels in facial recognition, arguing that the function of a proper name is to direct the level of specificity at which a face is perceived. First, we discuss the expertise hypothesis of face recognition in which the face is identified at the specific, subordinate level of the individual. This research has important implications with respect to how a name label affects the recognition of a face stimulus. Next, we consider evidence from neurophysiological research revealing how names facilitate the familiarity, categorization and individuation of a face as measured by event-related potentials (ERPs). We examine results from studies of perceptual expertise and the other-race effects (OREs) that suggest f... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321927 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:11:05 +0100 5321927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321926&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988391%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wiese H Abstract This paper reviews research on the structure of semantic person memory as examined with semantic priming. In this experimental paradigm, a familiarity decision on a target face or written name is usually faster when it is preceded by a related as compared to an unrelated prime. This effect has been shown to be relatively short lived and susceptible to interfering items. Moreover, semantic priming can cross stimulus domains, such that a written name can prime a target face and vice versa. However, it remains controversial whether representations of people are stored in associative networks based on co-occurrence, or in more abstract semantic categories. In line with prominent cognitive models of face recognition, which explain semantic priming by shared sem... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321926 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:10:55 +0100 5321926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321925&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988392%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hanley JR Abstract The current status of Bruce and Young's (1986) serial model of face naming is discussed 25 years after its original publication. In the first part of the paper, evidence for and against the serial model is reviewed. It is argued that there is no compelling reason why we should abandon Bruce and Young's claim that recall of a name is contingent upon prior retrieval of semantic information about the person. The current status of the claim that people's names are more difficult to recall than the names of objects is then evaluated. Finally, an account of the anatomical location in the brain of Bruce and Young's three processing stages (face familiarity, retrieval of semantic information, retrieval of names) is suggested. In particular, there is evidence tha... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321925 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:10:45 +0100 5321925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321924&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988393%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Butcher N, Lander K, Fang H, Costen N Abstract In an experimental study, we assessed the role of motion when encoding and recognizing unfamiliar faces, using an old/new recognition memory paradigm. Our findings revealed a clear advantage for learning unfamiliar faces moving non-rigidly, compared with static faces. This advantage for motion was found with both same- and other-race faces. Furthermore, results indicate that it is more important that the face is learnt in motion than recognized from a moving clip. Interestingly, despite a reliable other-race effect being revealed, participants were able to utilize motion information exhibited by other-race faces in a manner akin to the motion advantage found for same-race faces. The implications of these findings are discussed... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321924 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:10:35 +0100 5321924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321923&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988394%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe a mechanism for achieving this, and discuss the relation between image variability and episodic face memories, in the context of behavioural and neurophysiological data. PMID: 21988394 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321923 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:10:25 +0100 5321923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321922&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988395%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Young AW, Bruce V Abstract Bruce and Young's (1986) theoretical framework was actually a synthesis of ideas contributed by several people. Some of its insights have stood the test of time - especially the importance of using converging evidence from as wide a range of methods of enquiry as possible, and an emphasis on understanding the demands that are made by particular face perception tasks. But there were also areas where Bruce and Young failed to obey their own edicts (emotion recognition), and some topics they simply omitted (gaze perception). We discuss these, and then look at how the field has been transformed by computing developments, finishing with a few thoughts about where things may go over the next few (25?) years. PMID: 21988395 [PubMed - in process] (So... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321922 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:10:14 +0100 5321922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078768&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21751987%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schellenberg EG Although links between music training and cognitive abilities are relatively well-established, unresolved issues include the generality of the association, the direction of causation, and whether the association is mediated by executive function. Musically trained and untrained 9- to 12-year olds were compared on a measure of IQ and five measures of executive function. IQ and executive function were correlated. The musically trained group had higher IQs than their untrained counterparts and the advantage extended across the IQ subtests. The association between music training and executive function was negligible. These results provide no support for the hypothesis that the association between music training and IQ is mediated by executive function. When conside... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078768 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:56:29 +0100 5078768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078767&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21751988%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bialystok E Schellenberg (2011) reports the results of an experiment to determine the cause of the association between music training and intelligence quotient (IQ) in children. There was no difference between trained and untrained groups in a set of executive function tasks and no evidence that executive function mediated the effects of music training on IQ, since music training and IQ remained related after controlling for executive function performance. Therefore, he concludes that children with high IQs are more likely to take music lessons, assigning responsibility for the reported correlation to genetic differences in intelligence. The present article challenges that conclusion by discussing the nature of the experience represented by children in the two groups, the vali... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078767 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:55:52 +0100 5078767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078766&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21751989%26dopt%3DAbstract This article is a commentary on 'Examining the association between music lessons and intelligence' (Schellenberg, 2011). PMID: 21751989 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078766 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:55:16 +0100 5078766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078765&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21751990%26dopt%3DAbstract This article is an author response to Bialystok's (2011) and Hargreaves and Aksentijevic's (2011) commentaries on Schellenberg (2011). PMID: 21751990 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078765 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:54:38 +0100 5078765 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078764&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21751991%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined participants' ability to terminate search on the target-absent scenes based on an accurate assessment of scene difficulty. Scene difficulty was estimated by computing the mean correct-trial response time (RT) for each of the target-absent scenes across all participants. These group RTs were then correlated with each participants' individual correct-trial RTs for the same stimuli to assess the degree to which a given participant's search-termination times were correlated with those of the group. These correlations successfully predicted participants' target-detection success in both experiments. These experiments suggest that an integral part of visual search is the need to calibrate search behaviour to scenes of varying levels of complexity even when no targets are present. ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078764 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:53:59 +0100 5078764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078763&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21751992%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raman I To date, there has been numerous reports that early acquired pictures and words are named faster than late acquired pictures and words in normal reading but it is not established whether age of acquisition (AoA) has the same impact on adult dyslexic naming, especially in a transparent orthography such as Turkish. Independent ratings were obtained for AoA, frequency, name agreement, and object familiarity in Turkish for all items in the Snodgrass and Vanderwart line drawing set. Dyslexic (N= 15) and non-dyslexic (N= 15) university undergraduates were asked to name 30 early acquired and 30 late acquired pictures and picture names standardized and selected from these norms. As predicted, there were main effects for (a) AoA with reaction times (RTs) for Early items named f... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078763 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:53:29 +0100 5078763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078762&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21751993%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: George HR, Cornelissen PL, Hancock PJ, Kiviniemi VV, Tovée MJ Attentional biases may influence the eye-movements made when judging bodies and so alter the visual information sampled when making a judgment. This may lead to an overestimation of body size. We measured the eye-movements made by 16 anorexic observers and 16 age-matched controls when judging body size and attractiveness. We combined behavioural data with a novel eye-movement analysis technique that allowed us to apply spatial statistical techniques to make fine spatial discriminations in the pattern of eye-movements between our observer groups. Our behavioural results show that anorexic observers overestimate body size relative to controls and find bodies with lower body mass indexes more attractive. For both judg... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078762 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:53:02 +0100 5078762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078761&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21751994%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zakowski SG, Herzer M, Barrett SD, Milligan JG, Beckman N The present study examined the role of neuroticism and extraversion in the effects of written emotional disclosure in patients diagnosed with gynaecological cancer. It was hypothesized that high levels of neuroticism would be associated with an increase in distress after emotional disclosure as mediated by heightened negative affect and avoidance post-disclosure. Conversely, we expected high extraversion to be associated with decreased distress as mediated by heightened positive moods and a decrease in avoidance. Eighty-eight participants were randomly assigned to participate in an expressive writing task versus a control writing task. Distress and avoidance were assessed at baseline and 6 months post-writing. Negative ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078761 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:52:37 +0100 5078761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078760&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21751995%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gunawan K, Gerkens DR There is continued controversy over the possibility of blocked and subsequently recovered accurate memories. Memory blocking produced by a retrieval biasing procedure followed by recovery through repeated testing was demonstrated in two experiments. Predictions derived from the retrieval bias explanation and from the level of cumulative recall (LOCR) concerning hypermnesia for blocked material were tested. Expt 1 disconfirmed the retrieval bias hypothesis that the blocked material would remain blocked. However, there was no accelerated recovery despite the lower rate of recall for the bias group compared to the control group as predicted based on LOCR. Expt 2 replicated the Expt 1 findings and used metamemory tasks to further explore the recovery process.... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078760 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:52:14 +0100 5078760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078759&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21751996%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matute H, Yarritu I, Vadillo MA Pseudoscience, superstitions, and quackery are serious problems that threaten public health and in which many variables are involved. Psychology, however, has much to say about them, as it is the illusory perceptions of causality of so many people that needs to be understood. The proposal we put forward is that these illusions arise from the normal functioning of the cognitive system when trying to associate causes and effects. Thus, we propose to apply basic research and theories on causal learning to reduce the impact of pseudoscience. We review the literature on the illusion of control and the causal learning traditions, and then present an experiment as an illustration of how this approach can provide fruitful ideas to reduce pseudoscientifi... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078759 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:51:51 +0100 5078759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078758&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21751997%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Farrelly D Previous research highlighting the role sexual selection may play in the evolution of human cooperation has yet to distinguish what qualities such behaviours actually signal. The aim here was to examine whether female preferences for male cooperative behaviours are because they signal genetic or indirect phenotypic quality. This was possible by taking into account female participants' stage of menstrual cycle, as much research has shown that females at the most fertile stage show greater preferences specifically for signals of genetic quality than any other stage, particularly for short-term relationships. Therefore, different examples of cooperation (personality, costly signals, heroism) and the mate preferences for altruistic traits self-report scale were used acr... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078758 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:51:32 +0100 5078758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078757&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21751998%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to determine the direction of this association. One hundred and nineteen children aged between 8 and 12 years were assessed on measures of general ability, reading, spelling, rapid phonological retrieval, and phonological awareness at the beginning and end of an academic year. The children were also asked to provide a sample of the text messages that they sent over a 2-day period. These messages were analyzed to determine the extent to which textisms were used. It was found that textism use at the beginning of the academic year was able to predict unique variance in spelling performance at the end of the academic year after controlling for age, verbal IQ, phonological awareness, and spelling ability at the beginning of the year. When the analysis was reversed, reading and ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078757 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:51:12 +0100 5078757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078756&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21751999%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Swami V, Coles R, Stieger S, Pietschnig J, Furnham A, Rehim S, Voracek M Despite evidence of widespread belief in conspiracy theories, there remains a dearth of research on the individual difference correlates of conspiracist ideation. In two studies, we sought to overcome this limitation by examining correlations between conspiracist ideation and a range of individual psychological factors. In Study 1, 817 Britons indicated their agreement with conspiracist ideation concerning the July 7, 2005 (7/7), London bombings, and completed a battery of individual difference scales. Results showed that stronger belief in 7/7 conspiracy theories was predicted by stronger belief in other real-world conspiracy theories, greater exposure to conspiracist ideation, higher political cynicism,... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078756 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:50:53 +0100 5078756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078755&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752000%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Macizo P, Herrera A, Román P, Martín MC We explored possible between-language influences when bilinguals processed two-digit numbers. Spanish/English bilinguals and German/English bilinguals performed a number comparison task with Arabic digits and verbal numbers in their first language (L1) and second language (L2) while the unit-decade compatibility was manipulated. The two bilingual groups showed regular compatibility effect with Arabic digits. In L1, Spanish/English bilinguals showed reverse compatibility effect, while German/English bilinguals showed regular compatibility effect. However, both groups of bilinguals presented reverse compatibility effect in English (L2), which suggested that the bilinguals' L1 did not determine the processing of number words in their L2. ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078755 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:50:34 +0100 5078755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078754&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752001%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vecchione M, Alessandri G, Barbaranelli C, Caprara G The Big Five Model of personality and Schwartz's theory of basic values are two prominent taxonomies that offer a convenient way to organize the major individual differences in, respectively, personality traits and personal values. Both taxonomies provide a hierarchical framework, whose components can be traced back to a smaller number of broader dimensions. The current study investigated the relationship between the two superordinate factors of personality encompassing the Big Five dimensions (alpha and beta) and the four higher-level value types from Schwartz's theory (Self-transcendence, Self-enhancement, Conservation, and Openness to change). To examine the relations between higher-order traits and values, we relied on f... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078754 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:50:14 +0100 5078754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078753&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752002%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meneghetti C, De Beni R, Gyselinck V, Pazzaglia F The study investigates the relationships between working memory (WM), amount of learning, and strategies used in spatial description. WM involvement and strategies reported were assumed to change, depending on whether the text learning was extensive or limited. Two experiments were carried out using dual-task paradigm: participants listened to spatial text three times and concurrently one group performed a spatial concurrent task, one group a verbal task (to measure WM involvement), and one group no secondary task. In Experiment 1, participants listened three consecutive times then performed recall tasks (one verbal - verification test; one spatial - graphical representation). In Experiment 2, recall tasks were performed after ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078753 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:49:53 +0100 5078753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078752&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752003%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McRobert AP, Ward P, Eccles DW, Williams AM We manipulated contextual information in order to examine the perceptual-cognitive processes that support anticipation using a simulated cricket-batting task. Skilled (N= 10) and less skilled (N= 10) cricket batters responded to video simulations of opponents bowling a cricket ball under high and low contextual information conditions. Skilled batters were more accurate, demonstrated more effective search behaviours, and provided more detailed verbal reports of thinking. Moreover, when they viewed their opponent multiple times (high context), they reduced their mean fixation time. All batters improved performance and altered thought processes when in the high context, compared to when they responded to their opponent without previousl... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078752 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:49:34 +0100 5078752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078751&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752004%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Armitage CJ, Rowe R The effects of self-affirmation manipulations are not yet well understood because several different affirmation manipulations have been tested using multiple dependent variables. The aim of the present research was to establish whether global self-feelings and self-esteem, or interpersonal positive feelings are affected by affirming the self. Experiment 1 showed that completing a kindness questionnaire led to adolescent girls reporting more positive interpersonal feelings, but no greater self-feelings or self-esteem than completing an opinions (control) questionnaire. Experiment 2 showed again that self-affirmation did not affect self-esteem, and that there were few differences between writing an essay about a cherished value, writing an essay about kindnes... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078751 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:49:15 +0100 5078751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078750&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752005%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lewis GJ, Bates TC Research on the association of personality to political orientation has suggested that direct influences are modest. Here we used a personality system model in which direct influences on political behaviour flow from moral values, with personality mostly acting on these characteristic moral adaptations, rather than directly affecting political attitudes. Study 1 in 447 subjects supported this model, with significant effects on political orientation flowing from four of the five-factor model personality domains, but largely mediated through moral values concerning the importance of group order and individual rights. This personality system model was replicated in an independent study (n= 476) using a US sample and including a different measure of politics. Bo... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078750 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:48:56 +0100 5078750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078749&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752006%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sherman SM, Jordan TR Several studies have used the lexical decision task (LDT) with the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false-memory paradigm to investigate whether long-term semantic priming (LTSP) occurs following presentation of lists of items (e.g., bed, dream, snore) for related non-presented lure words (e.g., sleep). However, results have been mixed, with some studies observing priming, whilst others have not. The present study had four goals: (i) to investigate the existence of LTSP in the LDT; (ii) to investigate effects of LTSP on standard effects of word frequency on LDT performance; (iii) to investigate the effect, if any, of word frequency on true and false recall; and (iv) to compare LDT performance with performance on a subsequent free-recall task. The findings s... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078749 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:48:38 +0100 5078749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078748&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752007%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Davis EE, Pitchford NJ, Limback E We charted the interrelation between cognitive and motor skills in typically developing children aged 4-11 years across broad ability measures from standardized tests and investigated the nature of this relationship by examining effects of age and sex. Results indicated a significant, moderate correlation between gross cognitive and motor scores across all participants. Correlations between indices of the standardized measures and a principal component analysis revealed that visual processing (VP) and fine manual control (FMC) largely accounted for the interrelation between the overall domains. Age and sex affected the strength of gross correlation: 7-year-olds showed a weaker correlation than all other ages and females exhibited a significant... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078748 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:48:20 +0100 5078748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078747&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752008%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined adults' use of indirect addition and direct subtraction strategies on multi-digit subtractions in the number domain up to 1,000. Seventy students who differed in their level of arithmetic ability solved multi-digit subtractions in one choice and two no-choice conditions. Against the background of recent findings in elementary subtraction, we manipulated the size of the subtrahend compared to the difference and only selected items with large distances between these two integers. Results revealed that adults frequently and efficiently apply indirect addition on multi-digit subtractions, yet adults with higher arithmetic ability performed more efficiently than those with lower arithmetic ability. In both groups, indirect addition was more efficient than direct subtraction ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078747 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:48:03 +0100 5078747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078746&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752009%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cunningham SJ, Macrae CN Despite legislative attempts to eliminate gender stereotyping from society, the propensity to evaluate people on the basis of their sex remains a pernicious social problem. Noting the critical interplay between cultural and cognitive factors in the establishment of stereotypical beliefs, the current investigation explored the extent to which culturally transmitted colour-gender associations (i.e., pink is for girls, blue is for boys) set the stage for the automatic activation and expression of gender stereotypes. Across six experiments, the results demonstrated that (1) consumer choice for children's goods is dominated by gender-stereotyped colours (Experiment 1); (2) colour-based stereotypic associations guide young children's behaviour (Experiment 2)... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078746 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:47:45 +0100 5078746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078745&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752010%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wiseman R, Watt C, Gilhooly K, Georgiou G Two studies examined the relationships between self-rated and objectively measured creative ability and ease of perceiving alternative interpretations of the ambiguous Duck-Rabbit figure. The studies found empirical support for what has previously been a largely analogical connection between figural reversal and creativity, using both self-rated trait creativity and objectively scored creative productivity. We discuss the hypothesis that executive functioning is the likely common cognitive factor linking perception of ambiguous figures and creative ability. PMID: 21752010 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078745 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:47:28 +0100 5078745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5029559&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752011%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moeller K, Klein E, Nuerk HC Recent research indicated that processes of unit-decade integration pose particular difficulty on multi-digit addition. In fact, longer response latencies as well as higher error rates have been observed for addition problems involving a carry operation (e.g., 18 +27) compared to problems not requiring a carry (e.g., 13 +32). However, the cognitive instantiation of this carry effect remained unknown. In the current study, this question was pursued by recording participants' eye fixation behaviour during addition problem verification. Analyses of the eye fixation data suggested a prominent role of the unit digits of the summands. The need for a carry seems to be recognized very early during the encoding of the problem after initial unit sum calculat... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5029559 Sat, 16 Jul 2011 06:09:26 +0100 5029559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5029550&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752012%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reysen MB, Talbert NG, Dominko M, Jones AN, Kelley MR Three experiments examined the effects of passage type on both individual and collaborative memory performance. In Experiment 1, both individuals and collaborative groups recalled more information from passages containing social information than non-social information. Furthermore, collaborative inhibition (CI) was observed for both types of passages. In Experiment 2, which included a social passage that did not contain gossip, significant main effects of both gossip (gossip > non-gossip) and sociability (explicit > implicit) were observed. As in Experiment 1, CI was observed across all conditions. Experiment 3 separately manipulated gossip and the interest level of the passages and both of these factors enhanced memo... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5029550 Sat, 16 Jul 2011 05:34:31 +0100 5029550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5029543&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752013%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Swami V, Papanicolaou A, Furnham A The present study examined mental health literacy among the British general public using the overclaiming technique, where participants rate for familiarity a series of items, some of which are foils resembling real items. In total, 344 Britons rated for familiarity 30 mental health disorders, of which six were foils, and also completed measures of the Big Five personality factors, self-rated intelligence, self-reported knowledge of psychiatry, psychiatric skepticism, and their personal details. Using signal detection analysis, responses on the overclaiming measure were used to compute an accuracy index (accuracy in distinguishing real mental health disorders from foils) and a response bias (the tendency to response affirmatively to both real... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5029543 Sat, 16 Jul 2011 05:09:58 +0100 5029543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5029538&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752014%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kogo N, Wagemans J In our commentary paper (Dry, Kogo, Putzeys, & Wagemans, 2010) on 'The utility of image descriptions in the initial stages of vision: a case study of printed text' (Watt & Dakin, 2010a), we raised a few concerns about the approach to perceptual grouping proposed by Watt and Dakin. Specifically, we argued that the 'overlap tokens' resulting from convolution with Gabor filters do not reflect the global configuration of the image and hence that they would not be able to reproduce cases of context-sensitive perception such as illusory contours in the Kanizsa image. In their reply to our commentary, Watt and Dakin (2010b) showed that the responses of their model do reflect the illusory contours. In the present brief commentary paper, we explain why their ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5029538 Sat, 16 Jul 2011 04:34:02 +0100 5029538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5029534&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752015%26dopt%3DAbstract This article is an author response to the commentary by Kogo and Wagemans, 2011. PMID: 21752015 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5029534 Sat, 16 Jul 2011 03:50:52 +0100 5029534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4833348&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21492139%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Woodman T, Steer R We explored ideal, ought, and feared body image self-discrepancies as predictors of social physique anxiety within Carver, Lawrence, and Scheier's and Woodman and Hemmings' interaction frameworks. One hundred women completed actual, ideal, ought, and feared body self-discrepancy visual analogue scales, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Moderated hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the relationship between ought body fat discrepancies and social physique anxiety was moderated by proximity to the feared fat self. Specifically, the positive relationship between ought fat discrepancies and social physique anxiety was stronger when women were far from their feared body self. The results highlight the importance of... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4833348 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4833348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4833347&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21492140%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karageorge A, Zajac R We explored the effects of age and retention interval on several measures of children's person identification ability: verbal descriptions, lineup performance, and the success of a 'wildcard'- a photo of a silhouetted figure with a large question mark superimposed - in reducing children's tendency to choose from target-absent lineups. Children aged 5-7 years (N= 101) and 8-11 years (N= 109) were briefly exposed to an experimental confederate during a staged event. Either 1-2 days or 2 weeks later, children described the confederate and were then presented with either a target-present or -absent lineup. Within each group, approximately half of the children were presented with a wildcard and half were not. Target-present lineup performance improved as age i... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4833347 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4833347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4833346&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21492141%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haslam C, Jetten J, Haslam SA, Pugliese C, Tonks J The present research explores the relationship between the two components of autobiographical memory - episodic and semantic self-knowledge - and identity strength in older adults living in the community and residential care. Participants (N= 32) completed the autobiographical memory interview and measures of personal identity strength and multiple group memberships. Contrary to previous research, autobiographical memory for all time periods (childhood, early adulthood, and recent life) in the semantic domain was associated with greater strength in personal identity. Further, we obtained support for the hypothesis that the relationship between episodic self-knowledge and identity strength would be mediated by knowledge of pers... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4833346 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4833346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4833345&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21492142%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Izadikhah Z, Jackson CJ The study of Mastery Approach Orientation as an achievement goal is central to the understanding of basic motivational processes though controversy surrounds its impact. This research extends the literature regarding this goal orientation by investigating the interaction between Mastery Approach Orientation and Rewarding Climate in the prediction of self and supervisors' ratings of work performance across two studies. Results indicated that Mastery Approach Orientation positively and consistently predicted self and supervisors' ratings of work performance at high Rewarding Climates. At low Rewarding Climates, the relationship between Mastery Approach Orientation and performance was more variable across the studies and reasons for this are explored. ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4833345 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4833345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4833344&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21492143%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Avni-Babad D An examination of the influence of routine behaviour on people's feelings of safety, confidence, and well-being shows, as hypothesized, that these positive emotions increase with routine behaviour. Five studies were conducted on flights, in different neighbourhoods of the city, in the laboratory performing a routine or a non-routine task, and in seating behaviour in university classrooms. In all studies, participants reported more feelings of safety, confidence, and well-being in routine situations. Thus, routine enhances feelings of safety, confidence, and well-being in many aspects of everyday life. PMID: 21492143 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4833344 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4833344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4833343&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21492144%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kossowska M, Trejtowicz M, de Lemus S, Bukowski M, Van Hiel A, Goodwin R The present study tested the role of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), terrorist threat, and sociopolitical 'climate' as predictors of support for governmental anti-terrorism policies and actions. Two dimensions of analysis were defined: the presence versus absence of al-Qaeda attacks, and adherence to surveillance versus anti-surveillance mainstream politics. In order to study the influence of these two contextual dimensions on the expression of attitudes, we selected four European countries that fall into these two dimensions - Poland, Belgium, Spain, and the UK. Results from our study provide support for the contention that attitudes towards restrictions of civil rights are related to RWA independentl... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4833343 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4833343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4732047&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21492145%26dopt%3DAbstract We report an experiment in which participants made discriminations between faces that had either configural or featural changes made to the eyes, nose, or head shape. The results showed participants induced to be happy detected changes in eyes more often than participants induced to be sad, but failed to detect changes in other facial features. Sad-induced participants detected changes to the head shape but not the eyes. The results are interpreted in terms of differential use of features attended to by happy and sad participants, whereby happy people are more likely to attend to eyes during face perception than sad people. PMID: 21492145 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4732047 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 17:29:19 +0100 4732047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377994&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21241282%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McGuigan N, Makinson J, Whiten A Recent research has revealed a striking tendency in young children to imitate even causally irrelevant actions, a phenomenon dubbed 'over-imitation'. To investigate whether children develop beyond this, we allowed both adults and children to witness either a child or adult model performing goal-relevant and goal-irrelevant actions to extract a reward from a transparent puzzle box. Surprisingly, copying of irrelevant actions increased with age, with the adults performing the task with less efficiency than the children. Participants of all ages were more likely to perform the irrelevant actions performed by an adult model, than by a child model. These results suggest that people may become more imitative as they mature, whilst selectively copying... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377994 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 06:30:30 +0100 4377994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377993&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21241283%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paolieri D, Lotto L, Leoncini D, Cubelli R, Job R In a new series of experiments with the picture-word interference paradigm, we replicated the grammatical gender interference effect in bare noun production in Italian: naming times are slower to picture-word noun pairs sharing the same gender. This effect is independent from the morphological transparency for gender, but responses are significantly slower when the distracters are transparent for gender. Overall, the pattern of results supports the assumption that in bare noun production grammatical gender is always selected, at least in languages like Italian. We assume that the differential effects of the nominal endings are due to the mechanisms involved in the recognition of grammatical gender of the distracter nouns which ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377993 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 06:30:26 +0100 4377993 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377992&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21241284%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vukovic J, Jones BC, Feinberg DR, Debruine LM, Smith FG, Welling LL, Little AC Several studies have found that women tend to demonstrate stronger preferences for masculine men as short-term partners than as long-term partners, though there is considerable variation among women in the magnitude of this effect. One possible source of this variation is individual differences in the extent to which women perceive masculine men to possess antisocial traits that are less costly in short-term relationships than in long-term relationships. Consistent with this proposal, here we show that the extent to which women report stronger preferences for men with low (i.e., masculine) voice pitch as short-term partners than as long-term partners is associated with the extent to which they attri... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377992 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 06:30:23 +0100 4377992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377991&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21241285%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Forsythe A, Nadal M, Sheehy N, Cela-Conde CJ, Sawey M Visual complexity has been known to be a significant predictor of preference for artistic works for some time. The first study reported here examines the extent to which perceived visual complexity in art can be successfully predicted using automated measures of complexity. Contrary to previous findings the most successful predictor of visual complexity was Gif compression. The second study examined the extent to which fractal dimension could account for judgments of perceived beauty. The fractal dimension measure accounts for more of the variance in judgments of perceived beauty in visual art than measures of visual complexity alone, particularly for abstract and natural images. Results also suggest that when colour is rem... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377991 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 06:30:20 +0100 4377991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377990&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21241286%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jones SE, Manstead AS, Livingstone AG Drawing on social identity theory and intergroup emotion theory (IET), we examined group processes underlying bullying behaviour. Children were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a perpetrator's group, a target's group, or a third party group. They then read a gender-consistent scenario in which the norm of the perpetrator's group (to be kind or unkind towards others) was manipulated, and an instance of cyberbullying between the perpetrator's group and a member of the target's group was described. It was found that group membership, group norms, and the proposed antecedents of the group-based emotions of pride, shame, and anger (but not guilt) influenced group-based emotions and action tendencies in ways predicted by social identity... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377990 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 06:30:16 +0100 4377990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377989&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21241287%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Douglas KM, Sutton RM Previous research has shown that people respond with greater sensitivity to negative stereotypical comments about a group that are made from someone outside the group in question than from someone who belongs to the group. In this paper, we investigated if the same effect occurs in response to comments made about stigmatized groups. Specifically, we examined how people react to comments made about the mentally ill. The conditions under which people accept or reject stereotypes of the mentally ill may shed light on the conditions necessary for effective anti-discrimination campaigns. In the current study, participants responded to positive or negative stereotypes of the mentally ill voiced by either someone who has, or has not, suffered from a mental illne... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377989 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 06:30:13 +0100 4377989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377988&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21241288%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lonsdale AJ, North AC Four 'uses and gratifications' studies investigated peoples' reasons for listening to music (Study 1); and whether these reasons differ significantly from those associated with other leisure activities (Study 2). In Study 3, an open-ended, qualitative research design was used to investigate why people listen to music. In Study 4, a cross-sectional design was used to investigate the possibility that people of different ages might listen to music for different reasons. Findings showed that there are a number of reasons why participants listen to music, comparison of which indicated that participants listen to music primarily to manage/regulate their moods. Comparison with other leisure activities indicated that for the most part, listening to music was rate... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377988 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 06:30:10 +0100 4377988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377987&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21241289%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21241289 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377987 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 06:30:07 +0100 4377987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4235959&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21092420%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined participants' ability to terminate search on the target-absent scenes based on an accurate assessment of scene difficulty. Scene difficulty was estimated by computing the mean correct-trial response time (RT) for each of the target-absent scenes across all participants. These group RTs were then correlated with each participants' individual correct-trial RTs for the same stimuli to assess the degree to which a given participant's search-termination times were correlated with those of the group. These correlations successfully predicted participants' target-detection success in both experiments. These experiments suggest that an integral part of visual search is the need to calibrate search behaviour to scenes of varying levels of complexity even when no targets are present. Dan... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4235959 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4235959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4235960&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21092400%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matute H, Yarritu I, Vadillo MA Pseudoscience, superstitions, and quackery are serious problems that threaten public health and in which many variables are involved. Psychology, however, has much to say about them, as it is the illusory perceptions of causality of so many people that needs to be understood. The proposal we put forward is that these illusions arise from the normal functioning of the cognitive system when trying to associate causes and effects. Thus, we propose to apply basic research and theories on causal learning to reduce the impact of pseudoscience. We review the literature on the illusion of control and the causal learning traditions, and then present an experiment as an illustration of how this approach can provide fruitful ideas to reduce pseudoscientifi... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4235960 Thu, 18 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4235960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4191110&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21083972%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Farrelly D Previous research highlighting the role sexual selection may play in the evolution of human cooperation has yet to distinguish what qualities such behaviours actually signal. The aim here was to examine whether female preferences for male cooperative behaviours are because they signal genetic or indirect phenotypic quality. This was possible by taking into account female participants' stage of menstrual cycle, as much research has shown that females at the most fertile stage show greater preferences specifically for signals of genetic quality than any other stage, particularly for short-term relationships. Therefore, different examples of cooperation (personality, costly signals, heroism) and the mate preferences for altruistic traits self-report scale were used acr... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4191110 Wed, 17 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4191110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4071218&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20946710%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zakowski SG, Herzer M, Barrett SD, Milligan JG, Beckman N The present study examined the role of neuroticism and extraversion in the effects of written emotional disclosure in patients diagnosed with gynaecological cancer. It was hypothesized that high levels of neuroticism would be associated with an increase in distress after emotional disclosure as mediated by heightened negative affect and avoidance post-disclosure. Conversely, we expected high extraversion to be associated with decreased distress as mediated by heightened positive moods and a decrease in avoidance. Eighty-eight participants were randomly assigned to participate in an expressive writing task versus a control writing task. Distress and avoidance were assessed at baseline and 6 months post-writing. Negative ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4071218 Tue, 12 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4071218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4071220&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20939943%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simner J Studies investigating developmental synaesthesia have sought to describe a number of qualities that might capture in behavioural terms the defining characteristics of this unusual phenomenon. The task of generating a definition is made more difficult by the fact that any description of synaesthesia must be broad enough to capture the 61 different variants of the condition already reported to date. Given these difficulties, the current literature now contains a number of conflicting assumptions about the nature of this condition. Here, I attempt to address several of these divisive areas from a set of contemporary definitions. I present evidence that might argue against previous claims that synaesthesia is (a) a 'merging of the senses', which (b) gives rise to consiste... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4071220 Mon, 11 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4071220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4071219&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20939944%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gunawan K, Gerkens DR There is continued controversy over the possibility of blocked and subsequently recovered accurate memories. Memory blocking produced by a retrieval biasing procedure followed by recovery through repeated testing was demonstrated in two experiments. Predictions derived from the retrieval bias explanation and from the level of cumulative recall (LOCR) concerning hypermnesia for blocked material were tested. Expt 1 disconfirmed the retrieval bias hypothesis that the blocked material would remain blocked. However, there was no accelerated recovery despite the lower rate of recall for the bias group compared to the control group as predicted based on LOCR. Expt 2 replicated the Expt 1 findings and used metamemory tasks to further explore the recovery process.... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4071219 Mon, 11 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4071219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4071221&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20925973%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: George HR, Cornelissen PL, Hancock PJ, Kiviniemi VV, Tovée MJ Attentional biases may influence the eye-movements made when judging bodies and so alter the visual information sampled when making a judgment. This may lead to an overestimation of body size. We measured the eye-movements made by 16 anorexic observers and 16 age-matched controls when judging body size and attractiveness. We combined behavioural data with a novel eye-movement analysis technique that allowed us to apply spatial statistical techniques to make fine spatial discriminations in the pattern of eye-movements between our observer groups. Our behavioural results show that anorexic observers overestimate body size relative to controls and find bodies with lower body mass indexes more attractive. For both judg... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4071221 Mon, 04 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4071221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3936401&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20813080%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raman I To date, there has been numerous reports that early acquired pictures and words are named faster than late acquired pictures and words in normal reading but it is not established whether age of acquisition (AoA) has the same impact on adult dyslexic naming, especially in a transparent orthography such as Turkish. Independent ratings were obtained for AoA, frequency, name agreement, and object familiarity in Turkish for all items in the Snodgrass and Vanderwart line drawing set. Dyslexic (N=15) and non-dyslexic (N=15) university undergraduates were asked to name 30 early acquired and 30 late acquired pictures and picture names standardized and selected from these norms. As predicted, there were main effects for (a) AoA with reaction times (RTs) for Early items named fas... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3936401 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3936401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3723815&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20594400%26dopt%3DAbstract This article is an author response to Harenski and Kiehl's (2010) commentary on Blair (2010). PMID: 20594400 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3723815 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 18:33:06 +0100 3723815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3723817&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20594397%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Izadikhah Z, Jackson CJ The study of Mastery Approach Orientation as an achievement goal is central to the understanding of basic motivational processes though controversy surrounds its impact. This research extends the literature regarding this goal orientation by investigating the interaction between Mastery Approach Orientation and Rewarding Climate in the prediction of self and supervisors' ratings of work performance across two studies. Results indicated that Mastery Approach Orientation positively and consistently predicted self and supervisors' ratings of work performance at high Rewarding Climates. At low Rewarding Climates, the relationship between Mastery Approach Orientation and performance was more variable across the studies and reasons for this are explored. ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3723817 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3723817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3723816&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20594398%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karageorge A, Zajac R We explored the effects of age and retention interval on several measures of children's person identification ability: verbal descriptions, lineup performance, and the success of a 'wildcard' - a photo of a silhouetted figure with a large question mark superimposed - in reducing children's tendency to choose from target-absent lineups. Children aged 5-7 years (N=101) and 8-11 years (N=109) were briefly exposed to an experimental confederate during a staged event. Either 1-2 days or 2 weeks later, children described the confederate and were then presented with either a target-present or -absent lineup. Within each group, approximately half of the children were presented with a wildcard and half were not. Target-present lineup performance improved as age in... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3723816 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3723816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3649466&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20529445%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Woodman T, Steer R We explored ideal, ought, and feared body image self-discrepancies as predictors of social physique anxiety within Carver, Lawrence, and Scheier's and Woodman and Hemmings' interaction frameworks. One hundred women completed actual, ideal, ought, and feared body self-discrepancy visual analogue scales, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Moderated hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the relationship between ought body fat discrepancies and social physique anxiety was moderated by proximity to the feared fat self. Specifically, the positive relationship between ought fat discrepancies and social physique anxiety was stronger when women were far from their feared body self. The results highlight the importance of... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3649466 Sun, 06 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3649466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3649465&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20529446%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haslam C, Jetten J, Haslam SA, Pugliese C, Tonks J The present research explores the relationship between the two components of autobiographical memory - episodic and semantic self-knowledge - and identity strength in older adults living in the community and residential care. Participants (N=32) completed the autobiographical memory interview and measures of personal identity strength and multiple group memberships. Contrary to previous research, autobiographical memory for all time periods (childhood, early adulthood, and recent life) in the semantic domain was associated with greater strength in personal identity. Further, we obtained support for the hypothesis that the relationship between episodic self-knowledge and identity strength would be mediated by knowledge of perso... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3649465 Sun, 06 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3649465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3649464&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20529447%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lonsdale AJ, North AC Four 'uses and gratifications' studies investigated peoples' reasons for listening to music (Study 1); and whether these reasons differ significantly from those associated with other leisure activities (Study 2). In Study 3, an open-ended, qualitative research design was used to investigate why people listen to music. In Study 4, a cross-sectional design was used to investigate the possibility that people of different ages might listen to music for different reasons. Findings showed that there are a number of reasons why participants listen to music, comparison of which indicated that participants listen to music primarily to manage/regulate their moods. Comparison with other leisure activities indicated that for the most part, listening to music was rate... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3649464 Sun, 06 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3649464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3612453&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20507693%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Forsythe A, Nadal M, Sheehy N, Cela-Conde CJ, Sawey M Visual complexity has been known to be a significant predictor of preference for artistic works for some time. The first study reported here examines the extent to which perceived visual complexity in art can be successfully predicted using automated measures of complexity. Contrary to previous findings the most successful predictor of visual complexity was Gif compression. The second study examined the extent to which fractal dimension could account for judgments of perceived beauty. The fractal dimension measure accounts for more of the variance in judgments of perceived beauty in visual art than measures of visual complexity alone, particularly for abstract and natural images. Results also suggest that when colour is rem... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3612453 Tue, 25 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3612453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3568132&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20465871%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jones SE, Manstead AS, Livingstone AG Drawing on social identity theory and intergroup emotion theory (IET), we examined group processes underlying bullying behaviour. Children were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a perpetrator's group, a target's group, or a third party group. They then read a gender-consistent scenario in which the norm of the perpetrator's group (to be kind or unkind towards others) was manipulated, and an instance of cyberbullying between the perpetrator's group and a member of the target's group was described. It was found that group membership, group norms, and the proposed antecedents of the group-based emotions of pride, shame, and anger (but not guilt) influenced group-based emotions and action tendencies in ways predicted by social identity... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3568132 Tue, 11 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3568132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3560718&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20456822%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Douglas KM, Sutton RM Previous research has shown that people respond with greater sensitivity to negative stereotypical comments about a group that are made from someone outside the group in question than from someone who belongs to the group. In this paper, we investigated if the same effect occurs in response to comments made about stigmatized groups. Specifically, we examined how people react to comments made about the mentally ill. The conditions under which people accept or reject stereotypes of the mentally ill may shed light on the conditions necessary for effective anti-discrimination campaigns. In the current study, participants responded to positive or negative stereotypes of the mentally ill voiced by either someone who has, or has not, suffered from a mental illne... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3560718 Thu, 06 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3560718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3560717&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20456823%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paolieri D, Lotto L, Leoncini D, Cubelli R, Job R In a new series of experiments with the picture-word interference paradigm, we replicated the grammatical gender interference effect in bare noun production in Italian: naming times are slower to picture-word noun pairs sharing the same gender. This effect is independent from the morphological transparency for gender, but responses are significantly slower when the distracters are transparent for gender. Overall, the pattern of results supports the assumption that in bare noun production grammatical gender is always selected, at least in languages like Italian. We assume that the differential effects of the nominal endings are due to the mechanisms involved in the recognition of grammatical gender of the distracter nouns which ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3560717 Thu, 06 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3560717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3552941&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20450534%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vukovic J, Jones BC, Feinberg DR, Debruine LM, Smith FG, Welling LL, Little AC Several studies have found that women tend to demonstrate stronger preferences for masculine men as short-term partners than as long-term partners, though there is considerable variation among women in the magnitude of this effect. One possible source of this variation is individual differences in the extent to which women perceive masculine men to possess antisocial traits that are less costly in short-term relationships than in long-term relationships. Consistent with this proposal, here we show that the extent to which women report stronger preferences for men with low (i.e., masculine) voice pitch as short-term partners than as long-term partners is associated with the extent to which they attri... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3552941 Wed, 05 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3552941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3454668&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20370986%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Humphreys GW, Yoon EY, Kumar S, Lestou V, Kitadono K, Roberts KL, Jane Riddoch M We discuss two commentaries that we have received on our target article (Humphreys et al., 2010). We elaborate on the evidence for action effects on extinction and discuss whether these effects occur pre or post the selection of a response. In addition, we discuss the neural basis of the effects of action relations on extinction and on the generalization of results on action relations to real-world examples. PMID: 20370986 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3454668 Sat, 10 Apr 2010 03:24:05 +0100 3454668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3425285&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20346204%26dopt%3DAbstract We report a study of 283 amputees, which administered a structured questionnaire to systematically determine the relative frequency and nature of various bodily aspects of phantom limb perception. These include the size, shape, posture, and telescoping of the phantom; exteroceptive sensations of itch, touch, pressure, vibration, temperature, and 'electric' sensations; and prosthesis embodiment. Phantom limbs were generally found to be characterized by properties that parallel those of the intact body, although with anatomically impossible configurations sometimes being perceived. We suggest that both the internal limb image and limb schemata play a significant role in the continued perception of phantom limbs. PMID: 20346204 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: British Journal ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3425285 Thu, 25 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3425285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3411541&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20334734%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Phillips T, Ferguson E, Rijsdijk F Altruistic behaviour raises major questions for psychology and biology. One hypothesis proposes that human altruistic behaviour evolved as a result of sexual selection. Mechanisms that seek to explain how sexual selection works suggest genetic influence acting on both the mate preference for the trait and the preferred trait itself. We used a twin study to estimate whether genetic effects influenced responses to psychometric scales measuring mate preference towards altruistic traits (MPAT) and the preferred trait (i.e., 'altruistic personality'). As predicted, we found significant genetic effects influencing variation in both. We also predicted that individuals expressing stronger MPAT and 'altruistic personality' would have mated at a greate... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3411541 Tue, 23 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3411541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404696&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20307373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McGuigan N, Makinson J, Whiten A Recent research has revealed a striking tendency in young children to imitate even causally irrelevant actions, a phenomenon dubbed 'over-imitation'. To investigate whether children develop beyond this, we allowed both adults and children to witness either a child or adult model performing goal-relevant and goal-irrelevant actions to extract a reward from a transparent puzzle box. Surprisingly, copying of irrelevant actions increased with age, with the adults performing the task with less efficiency than the children. Participants of all ages were more likely to perform the irrelevant actions performed by an adult model, than by a child model. These results suggest that people may become more imitative as they mature, whilst selectively copying... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404696 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3404696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3314955&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184786%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Galbraith ND, Manktelow KI, Morris NG Previous studies demonstrate that people high in delusional ideation exhibit a data-gathering bias on inductive reasoning tasks. The current study set out to investigate the factors that may underpin such a bias by examining healthy individuals, classified as either high or low scorers on the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI). More specifically, whether high PDI scorers have a relatively poor appreciation of sample size and heterogeneity when making statistical judgments. In Expt 1, high PDI scorers made higher probability estimates when generalizing from a sample of 1 with regard to the heterogeneous human property of obesity. In Expt 2, this effect was replicated and was also observed in relation to the heterogeneous property of ag... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3314955 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3314955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3314954&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184787%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines the time course of inhibitory processes in Spanish-English bilinguals, using the procedure described in Macizo, Bajo, and Martín. Bilingual participants were required to decide whether pairs of English words were related. Critical word pairs contained a word that shared the same orthography across languages but differed in meaning (interlingual homographs such as pie, meaning foot in Spanish). In Expts 1 and 2, participants were slower to respond to homographs presented along with words related to the Spanish meaning of the homograph as compared to control words. This result agrees with the view that bilinguals non-selectively activate their two languages irrespective of the language they are using. In addition, bilinguals also slowed their responses when the Engli... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3314954 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3314954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3259735&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20137163%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sugimori E, Tanno Y Our purpose in this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive operations and perceptual details on speech source monitoring. In Phase 1, correctly spelled words and anagrams were presented in Expt 1. Words were read aloud by participants, by a same-sex voice, or by an opposite-sex voice. Immediately after Phase 1, in Phase 2, participants were asked whether each word had been read aloud by the participants themselves, by a same-sex voice, or by an opposite-sex voice. Source discrimination between own speech and that produced by a same-sex voice was poorer than between own speech and an opposite-sex voice. In addition, misattribution of the speech of another to one's self increased as the level of cognitive effort required for the task increased. In ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3259735 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3259735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240662&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128957%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dittmar H, Bond R This paper proposes a new model of consumer impulsivity, using type of good, a person's endorsement of materialistic values, and identity deficits as predictors. Traditional decision making and psychological accounts see impulsive behaviour as a general overweighing of short-term gratification (I want that dress now) relative to longer-term concerns, irrespective of consumer good. Our proposal is that consumers' impulsivity (a) differs according to type of good and (b) is linked systematically to a combination of materialistic values and high identity deficits. Beginning with Study 1, three experiments, using a temporal discounting paradigm, show consistently that discount rates are higher for goods that are seen as highly expressive of identity (e.g. clothes... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240662 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3240662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217127&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100396%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined one possible factor affecting this variability: whether the perceived quality of parent-child relationships is associated with the number of early memories young adults can retrieve, and their age at the time of their first memory. We found such associations but they were qualified by parent gender. Mother-child relationships that were more affectively intense (greater social support but also more negative interchanges) were associated with recalling more early memories, although paternal companionship was most associated with how early an individual's first memory was. Affective tone of retrieved memories was also assessed, and a greater proportion of affectively positive memories (as well as fewer affectively neutral memories for males) was associated with high parent... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217127 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217126&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100397%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Flach R, Press C, Badets A, Heyes C In a semi-naturalistic response-effect compatibility paradigm, participants were given the opportunity to learn that hand-shaking actions would be followed by social effects (human hand-shaking stimuli from a third-person perspective) or inanimate effects (block arrow stimuli). Relative to the actions, these effects appeared on the same or the opposite side of the screen (positional compatibility), and pointed towards or away from the response hand (directional compatibility). After learning, response times indicated a positional compatibility effect for both social and inanimate effects, but a directional compatibility effect occurred only for social action effects. These findings indicate that actions can be represented, not only by their ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217126 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3150304&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20051183%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chatzisarantis NL, Hagger MS, Wang JC The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects of implementation intentions on taking one multivitamin tablet, everyday, for 2 weeks, among individuals who endorsed self-concordant and self-discordant forms of motivation. A 2 (implementation intentions: yes, no)x3(motivation: self-concordance, self-discordance, control) experimental design was adopted with university students being exposed to manipulations of implementation intentions, self-concordance, and self-discordance (male=110, female=120, M age=23.50 years, SD=7.21). Results of the study indicated that while implementation intentions increased multivitamin intake for individuals who endorsed self-concordant and self-discordant forms of motivation, the combination of se... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3150304 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3150304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111923&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20021709%26dopt%3DAbstract We report three experiments that .examined ECDM in an indirect memory paradigm (word-fragment completion) using ambient odours as environmental contexts. Expt 1 manipulated the odour present at learning and testing (rosemary or lemon) to produce reinstated-context or switched-context conditions. Reinstating rosemary led to a striking ECDM effect, indicating that indirect memory testing can be sensitive to ECDM manipulations. Odour ratings also indicated that rosemary induced a more unpleasant mood in participants than lemon. Expt 2 assessed the influence on indirect retrieval of odour-based mood induction as well as odour distinctiveness, and indicated that rosemary's capacity to promote ECDM effects appears to arise from an additive combination of its unpleasantness-inducing properties an... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111923 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3111923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111922&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20021710%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Apostolou M Parents are influential over mate choice, and in most human societies they choose spouses for their offspring according to their own preferences. However, surprising little is known about the qualities which make a woman desirable as a daughter-in-law and a man desirable as a son-in-law. Using evidence from 67 societies such traits are identified and three hypotheses are tested: first, the hypothesis is tested that parents desire in an in-law qualities which are beneficial to them and their kin. Second, it is hypothesized that such preferences are contingent upon the sex of the in-law, as traits are weighted differently in a daughter-in-law and in a son-in-law. The third hypothesis tested is that parental preferences vary according to the subsistence type of a give... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111922 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3111922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111924&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20021708%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Masterson J, Stuart M, Dixon M, Lovejoy S In this paper we introduce a comprehensive database of the vocabulary in reading materials used by 5 - 9 year old children in the UK. The database is available on-line http://www.essex.ac.uk/psychology/cpwd and allows researchers into early reading development the possibility of rigorous control over critical characteristics of experimental stimuli such as word frequency, regularity and length, frequency of grapheme-phoneme correspondences, orthographic and phonological neighbourhoods etc. The on-line database is also a resource that can be used by practitioners with interests in literacy development and literacy instruction. It can be used to obtain characteristics for a user-generated list of words, or else to generate a list of word... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111924 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3111924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3045497&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19948083%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Subbotsky E In four experiments with 4-, 6-, and 9-year-old children and adults, the hypothesis was tested that, all other conditions being equal, a novel and unusual event elicits stronger curiosity and exploratory behaviour if its suggested explanation involves an element of the supernatural than if it does not (the impossible over possible effect - the I/P effect). Participants were shown an unusual phenomenon (a spontaneous disintegration of a physical object in an apparently empty box) framed in the context of either a magical (the impossible event) or scientific (the possible event) explanation. In the verbal trial, participants showed a clear understanding of the difference between the effect of genuine magic and the effect of a trick. In the behavioural trial, both chi... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3045497 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3045497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3045496&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19948084%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beaman CP, Williams TI Two studies examine the experience of 'earworms', unwanted catchy tunes that repeat. Survey data show that the experience is widespread but earworms are not generally considered problematic, although those who consider music to be important to them report earworms as longer, and harder to control, than those who consider music as less important. The tunes which produce these experiences vary considerably between individuals but are always familiar to those who experience them. A diary study confirms these findings and also indicates that, although earworm recurrence is relatively uncommon and unlikely to persist for longer than 24 h, the length of both the earworm and the earworm experience frequently exceed standard estimates of auditory memory capacity... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3045496 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3045496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3045495&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19948085%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peterson C, Bonechi A, Smorti A, Tani F Memories that were easily accessible (i.e. quickly retrieved in a memory-fluency task) of Italian university students were assessed. They were from four periods of life: preschool, elementary school, middle school, and high school/university. Half of the participants were instructed to recall only memories involving parents, and the other half memories involving friends. Across age at the time of remembered events, only memories of friends increased in frequency. For parental memories (but not friend memories), the proportion with negative affect increased over age, especially for males. There were also differences related to whether memories were episodic or generic. It was concluded that memories of different periods of childhood and a... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3045495 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3045495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3005059&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19917150%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vadillo MA, Matute H Recent research suggests that cue competition effects in human contingency learning, such as blocking, are due to higher-order cognitive processes. Moreover, some experimental reports suggest that the effect opposite to blocking, augmentation, could occur in experimental preparations that preclude the intervention of reasoning mechanisms. In the present research, we tested this hypothesis by investigating cue interaction effects in an experimental task in which participants had to enter their responses under time pressure. The results show that under these conditions, augmentation, instead of blocking, is observed. PMID: 19917150 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3005059 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3005059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2964207&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19889256%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dalrymple KA, Kingstone A We discuss Humphreys' article in the context of two challenges that exist in regards to future research on the link between action and attention: (1) determining the cognitive and neural mechanisms responsible for an action-attention link and (2) demonstrating that the action-attention links observed in the laboratory reflect the same links between action and attention observed in the complexities of everyday life. PMID: 19889256 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2964207 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2964207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940169&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19857371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rafal B This commentary on 'The interaction of attention and action: From seeing action to acting on perception' by Humphreys et al. (in press) considers selection-for-action in relation to the role of parietal cortex corollary discharge in the 'mastery of sensori-motor contingencies' that O'Regan and Noe (2001) suggest gives rise to visual awareness. PMID: 19857371 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940169 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2940169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940168&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19857372%26dopt%3DAbstract This article is a commentary on 'The utility of image descriptions in the initial stages of vision: A case study of printed text' (Watt & Dakin, in press). PMID: 19857372 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940168 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2940168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2916612&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19843352%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Austin EJ Emotional intelligence (EI) has attracted considerable interest amongst both individual differences researchers and those in other areas of psychology who are interested in how EI relates to criteria such as well-being and career success. Both trait (self-report) and ability EI measures have been developed; the focus of this paper is on ability EI. The associations of two new ability EI tests with psychometric intelligence, emotion perception, and the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso EI test (MSCEIT) were examined. The new EI tests were the Situational Test of Emotion Management (STEM) and the Situational Test of Emotional Understanding (STEU). Only the STEU and the MSCEIT Understanding Emotions branch were significantly correlated with psychometric intelligence, suggesting that... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2916612 Sun, 18 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2916612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876609&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19807943%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bensi L, Giusberti F, Nori R, Gambetti E Personality can play a crucial role in how people reason and decide. Identifying individual differences related to how we actively gather information and use evidence could lead to a better comprehension and predictability of human reasoning. Recent findings have shown that some personality traits are related to similar decision-making patterns showed by people with mental disorders. We performed research with the aim to investigate delusion-proneness, obsessive-like personality, anxiety (trait and state), and reasoning styles in individuals from the general population. We introduced personality trait and state anxiety scores in a regression model to explore specific associations with: (1) amount of data-gathered prior to making a decis... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876609 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2876609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876608&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19807944%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jimmieson NL, Hannam RL, Yeo GB The present study investigated the impact of teachers' organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) on student quality of school life (SQSL) via the indirect effect of job efficacy. A measure of teacher OCBs was developed, tapping one dimension of individual-focused OCB (OCBI - student-directed behaviour) and two dimensions of organization-focused OCB (OCBO - civic virtue and professional development). In line with previous research suggesting that OCBs may enhance job efficacy, as well as studies demonstrating the positive effects of teacher efficacy on student outcomes, we expected an indirect relationship between teachers OCBs and SQSL via teachers' job efficacy. Hypotheses were tested in a multi-level design in which 170 teachers and their s... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876608 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2876608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876607&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19807945%26dopt%3DAbstract This article is a commentary on 'Psychopathy, frustration, and reactive aggression: The role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex' (Blair, 2009). PMID: 19807945 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876607 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2876607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2834206&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19778470%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Spencer K The effects of printed word frequency and transparency measures on single word reading accuracy were examined in 105 six-year-old children. The results indicated that it may be necessary to re-appraise notions of orthography-to-phonology correspondences for children of this age. The influence of orthographic neighbourhood size appeared to derive from word frequency and graphemic complexity. The results also indicated that sonograph frequency was more predictive of reading accuracy than the GPC rules and weighted correspondences currently embodied in dual route and connectionist models of skilled reading. PMID: 19778470 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2834206 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2834206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2790480&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19744355%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beattie S, Davies M The present study explored the interactive effects of self-efficacy and increasing/decreasing task difficulty upon engagement and disengagement within a cusp-catastrophe model framework. Using a closed motor skill aiming task participants (N=60) were required to compete in conditions where task difficulty increased and then decreased (or vice versa) where they were rewarded for good performance but penalized for bad. Participants who reported low levels of self-efficacy disengage at an earlier level of task difficulty than their high self-efficacy counterparts. Furthermore, this group did not re-engage with the task until task difficulty had significantly decreased. Although task disengagement occurred with high difficulty in the high self-efficacy group, t... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2790480 Tue, 08 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2790480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2779180&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19735596%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Farsides T Two questionnaire studies (Ns=238 and 497) were guided by the original theoretical specification of the triangle model of responsibility. These investigated the relationship between perceived responsibility to register willingness to posthumously donate one's organs and people's self-reported actual and intended registration behaviour. Exploratory factor analyses suggested that various responsibility-related constructs could be differentiated, several of which explained unique variance in participants' registration status. Although predominantly derived from it, these constructs provided little support for the specific manner in which the triangle model has previously been conceptualized and operationalized. Implications for theoretical development, future empirical... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2779180 Fri, 04 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2779180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2744751&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19709473%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brickell TA, Lange RT, Chatzisarantis NL Physical activity programmes that include a motivational counselling component can be effective at increasing exercise participation. Reliable screening procedures could provide a cost effective method of identifying and channelling those 'at risk' for non-participation into a motivational counselling intervention and increase participation and long-term adherence. Traditional statistical methods have played an important step in developing measures that are good predictors of future exercise behaviour. Test operating characteristics (TOCs), a set of clinical outcome statistics, could be used to evaluate the accuracy of these measures as screening tools in identifying those 'at risk' for non-participation and those 'not at risk' for use ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2744751 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2744751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2744750&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19709474%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Edwards MS, Burt JS, Lipp OV We investigated selective attention for masked and unmasked, threat, and positively valenced words, in high trait anxious (HTA) and low trait anxious (LTA) individuals using the emotional Stroop colour-naming task. State anxiety was varied within participants through the threat of electric shock. To investigate whether the sequencing of the state anxiety manipulation affected colour-naming latencies, the ordering of the shock threat and shock safe conditions was counterbalanced across participants. The results indicated that the ordering of the state anxiety manipulation moderated masked and unmasked threat bias effects. Specifically, relative to LTA individuals, HTA individuals showed a threat interference effect, but this effect was limited to th... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2744750 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2744750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538535&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450383%26dopt%3DAbstract This article is a commentary on 'The roots of human altruism' (Warneken & Tomasello, 2009). PMID: 19450383 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538535 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 21:12:22 +0100 2538535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538532&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19467174%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hay DF The authors' rigorous and ingenious programme of work documents young humans' capacity for prosocial action (Warneken & Tomasello, 2009). Their laboratory findings are corroborated by centuries of observational data, spanning cultures, and historical epochs. Two general questions are raised. Firstly, what are the rules of evidence needed in using comparative data to make claims about the evolution of human social behaviours? Secondly, what ontogenetic processes contribute to the transformation of toddlers' helpfulness into mature, cognitively informed and rule-governed altruism? These findings alone do not provide complete evidence for the phylogenetic roots of altruism. I argue that selective pressures in human evolution have favoured sociability, which could lead ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538532 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 21:12:16 +0100 2538532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538530&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19531301%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Warneken F The current response discusses the insightful commentaries by Dale Hay (2009) and Karen Wynn (2009) on the proposal that human altruism has deep roots both in phylogeny and ontogeny (Warneken & Tomasello, 2009). In particular, I focus on (a) what observational and experimental methods can reveal about altruistic motivations in children, (b) Wynn's idea that early altruism might confer a selective advantage to the infants themselves, and (c) how recent findings on young children's social ontology will enable us to test the hypothesis that ontogeny proceeds from rather global to more differentiated altruistic behaviours. PMID: 19531301 [PubMed - in process] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538530 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 21:12:08 +0100 2538530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538531&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19519986%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rinaldis M, Pakenham KI, Lynch BM This longitudinal study investigated relations between benefit-finding domains and outcome measures. Participants were 1,757 individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer. A written questionnaire and telephone interview were completed at 5-months (Time 1) and 12-months post-diagnosis (Time 2). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed three psychometrically sound factors: personal growth, interpersonal growth, and acceptance. Results of regression analyses were conducted and found that Time 1 benefit-finding domains accounted for significant amounts of variance in Time 1 positive affect and cancer-related quality of life (both the aggregate score and its social/family, functional, and colorectal cancer-specific well-being subscales)... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538531 Tue, 09 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538534&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19460236%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Conway CA, Conway CA, Debruine LM, Little AC Most previous studies of face preferences have investigated the physical cues that influence face preferences. Far fewer studies have investigated the effects of cues to the direction of others' social interest (i.e. gaze direction) on face preferences. Here we found that unpartnered women demonstrated stronger preferences for direct gaze (indicating social interest) from feminine male faces than from masculine male faces when judging men's attractiveness for long-term relationships, but not when judging men's attractiveness for short-term relationships. Moreover, unpartnered women's preferences for direct gaze from feminine men were stronger for long-term than short-term relationships, but there was no comparable effect for judgeme... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538534 Tue, 19 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538533&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19460237%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated people's ability to adopt novel imagined viewpoints after studying plan-view diagrams and maps. In two experiments, university students were presented with a plan-view diagram of a character surrounded by nearby objects (Expt 1) or a character within a map of a multi-level shopping centre (Expt 2). Subsequently, participants' spatial knowledge of the diagrams/maps was tested by asking them about the location of six salient objects/places. In both experiments, the analyses of participants' spatial judgments suggested that they had adopted an imagined viewpoint internal to the character. The findings add to our understanding of imagined viewpoint switches along the vertical axis of space. PMID: 19460237 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: British Journal ... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538533 Tue, 19 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538552&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19397845%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barclay P Public generosity may be a means to convincingly advertise one's good character. This hypothesis suggests that altruistic individuals will be desirable as romantic partners. Few studies have tested this prediction, and these showed mixed results. Some studies have found that altruism is not particularly attractive; other studies showed that altruism is attractive by contrasting descriptions of 'nice guys' with 'jerks'. The present study sought to resolve this debate by having participants read a series of experimentally manipulated vignettes of persons with corresponding photographs, such that altruistic vignettes were compared with control descriptions that differed only in the presence or absence of small hints of altruistic tendencies. Altruists were more desirabl... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538552 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538554&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19364443%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tenenbaum HR, Hill DB, Joseph N, Roche E Two studies investigated the development of children's gender knowledge using a procedure designed to tap into children's unconventional gender beliefs. Study 1 revealed a developmental progression with 34 3- to 4-year-old children providing more unconventional reasons than conventional reasons to explain the gender of a series of drawings. By contrast, 39 5- to 6-year-old and 42 7- to 8-year-old children provided more conventional than unconventional reasons. Study 2 found that a second sample of 42 3- to 4-year-old children mastered a close-ended assessment of gender stereotyping, while they relied on unconventional and conventional reasoning equally when explaining the gender of a series of drawings displaying conventional cues only.... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538554 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538553&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19364444%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Armitage CJ, Talibudeen L The present study tested a brief (303 word) intervention designed to change attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control regarding a safe sex behaviour in a sample of 16- to 18-year-olds. Participants (N=288) were randomized to receive either an experimental intervention or a control (knowledge only) intervention and completed measures of their reactions to the stimuli as well as pre- and post-test measures of theory of planned behaviour variables. The experimental intervention significantly increased message processing (mean between-group difference=0.73, 95% CI=0.40, 1.06; Cohen's d=.52), message acceptance (mean between-group difference=0.82, 95% CI=0.57, 1.07; Cohen's d=.77), subjective norm (adjusted Mean between-group difference=... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538553 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538551&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351438%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mitchell P, Ferguson E PMID: 19351438 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538551 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538550&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351439%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Watson JB PMID: 19351439 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538550 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538549&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351440%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bouton ME PMID: 19351440 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538549 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538548&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351441%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hall G PMID: 19351441 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538548 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538547&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351442%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bartlett FC PMID: 19351442 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538547 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538546&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351443%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dalgleish T PMID: 19351443 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538546 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538545&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351444%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Parkinson B PMID: 19351444 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538545 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538544&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351445%26dopt%3DAbstract Reprinted from The British Journal of Psychology (1928), 18, 276-301: La causalité chez l'enfant (Children's understanding of causality). Br J Psychol. 2009 Apr;100(Pt 1A):207-24 Authors: Piaget J PMID: 19351445 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538544 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538543&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351446%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chandler MJ PMID: 19351446 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538543 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538542&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351447%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harris PL PMID: 19351447 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538542 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538541&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351448%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cattell RB PMID: 19351448 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538541 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538540&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ackerman PL PMID: 19351449 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538540 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538539&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351450%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Revelle W PMID: 19351450 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538539 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538538&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351451%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gibson JJ A general theory of locomotor behaviour in relation to physical objects is presented. Since the controlling stimulation for such behaviour is mainly optical, this involves novel assumptions about object perception and about what is called 'visual kinaesthesis'. Evidence for these assumptions is cited. On the basis of this theory it is possible to suppose that animals are visually oriented to the surfaces of their environment, not merely to light as such. In short, it is possible to explain why they seem to have space perception. Implications of this approach for maze-learning are pointed out. PMID: 19351451 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538538 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538537&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351452%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rogers BJ PMID: 19351452 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538537 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538536&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19351453%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Warren WH PMID: 19351453 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: British Journal of Psychology) British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538536 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2315114&cid=s_37640_36_f&fid=37640&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19327220%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schroevers MJ, Brandsma R The increased popularity of mindfulness-based interventions and the growing body of empirical evidence confirming the positive effects of these interventions on well-being warrant more research to determine if the effects are indeed related to learning mindfulness. The present study extends previous studies, by examining whether and how changes in five core aspects of mindfulness are related to changes in the report of negative and positive affect during an 8-week course of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. The study was performed in 64 individuals from the community with mild to moderate psychological problems. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires before and directly after the training. Results showed significant decreases in negative... British Journal of Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2315114 Thu, 26 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2315114