MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Calcified Tissue International' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 00:02:25 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5661175&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy325l1720w737673%2F In conclusion, higher LM was associated with a lower risk of low BMD in both genders, while higher FM was associated with a higher risk of low BMD for men <50 years but not for women and men ≥50 years. The combined effects of LM and FM on BMD were gender- and menopause status–specific. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ResearchPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00223-012-9573-xAuthors Kayoung Lee, Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 633-165 Kaegum-dong, Busan Jin-Gu, Busan, 614-735 South Korea Journal Calcified Tissue InternationalOnline ISSN 1432-0827Print ISSN 0171-967X (Source: Calcified Tissue International) Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5661175 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:12:58 +0100 5661175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5661176&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F241644t370v32lr0%2F Abstract  Considering the pivotal role as bone mechanosensors ascribed to osteocytes in bone adaptation to mechanical strains, the present study analyzed whether a correlation exists between osteocyte apoptosis and bone remodeling in peculiar bones, such as human auditory ossicles and scleral ossicles of lower vertebrates, which have been shown to undergo substantial osteocyte death and trivial or no bone turnover after cessation of growth. The investigation was performed with a morphological approach under LM (by means of an in situ end-labeling technique) and TEM. The results show that a large amount of osteocyte apoptosis takes place in both auditory and scleral ossicles after they reach their final size. Additionally, no morphological signs of bone remodeling were obser... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5661176 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:04:21 +0100 5661176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639799&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv324586185237272%2F Abstract  Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry hip scans of 1,760 population-based Caucasians, 599 girls and 642 boys aged 6–19 years and 270 women and 249 men aged 20–90 years, were analyzed with the hip structural analysis (HSA) software to present age- and sex-specific normative HSA data of the femoral neck (FN). Measured traits included bone mineral density (BMD), cross-sectional area (CSA), section modulus (Z), periosteal diameter (PD), endosteal diameter (ED), cortical thickness (CT), and cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI). When plotting the measured traits versus age, the curves increased with higher ages until statistically significant break points were reached, for all traits at age 17 in girls and age 19 in boys. After the break points, PD and ED i... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639799 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:54:00 +0100 5639799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639801&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu578h31704172w25%2F Abstract  During bone remodeling osteoclasts resorb bone, thus removing material, e.g., damaged by microcracks, which arises as a result of physiological loading and could reduce bone strength. Such a process needs targeted bone resorption exactly at damaged sites. Osteocytic signaling plays a key role in this process, but it is not excluded that osteoclasts per se may possess toposensitivity to recognize and resorb damaged bone since it has been shown that resorption spaces are associated with microcracks. To address this question, we used an in vitro setup of a pure osteoclast culture and mineralized substrates with artificially introduced microcracks and microscratches. Histomorphometric analyses and statistical evaluation clearly showed that these defects had no effect ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639801 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:53:59 +0100 5639801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639800&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F42243x7004g6813v%2F In this study, we analyzed the chondrodysplastic skeletal phenotype of lbab/lbab mice. At birth, lbab/lbab mice are only slightly shorter than their wild-type littermates. Nevertheless, lbab/lbab mice do not undergo a growth spurt, and their final body and bone lengths are only ~60% of those of wild-type mice. Histological analysis revealed that the growth plate in lbab/lbab mice, especially the hypertrophic chondrocyte layer, was significantly thinner than in wild-type mice. Overexpression of CNP in the cartilage of lbab/lbab mice restored their thinned growth plate, followed by the complete rescue of their impaired endochondral bone growth. Furthermore, the bone volume in lbab/lbab mouse was severely decreased and was recovered by CNP overexpression. On the other hand, the thickness ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639800 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:53:59 +0100 5639800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611836&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj1213727w0rv35j8%2F Abstract  Differences in the binding affinities of bisphosphonates for bone mineral have been proposed to determine their localizations and duration of action within bone. The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that mineral binding affinity affects bisphosphonate distribution at the basic multicellular unit (BMU) level within both cortical and cancellous bone. To accomplish this objective, skeletally mature female rabbits (n = 8) were injected simultaneously with both low- and high-affinity bisphosphonate analogs bound to different fluorophores. Skeletal distribution was assessed in the rib, tibia, and vertebra using confocal microscopy. The staining intensity ratio between osteocytes contained within the cement line of newly formed rib osteons... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611836 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 07:17:45 +0100 5611836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611837&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F20513176403rm1l1%2F Abstract  The effects of bisphosphonate treatment schedule on fracture healing have not previously been tested. We evaluated the effect of ibandronate dosing interval duration on healing following surgical “fracture” (osteotomy) using a rat femoral fracture model. Six-week-old rats (n = 160) underwent osteotomy and were then allocated into vehicle control (CNT) or an ibandronate treatment group: 5 μg/kg daily (DAY, 5 days/week), 75 μg/kg once every 3 weeks (I-3), 150 μg/kg once every 6 weeks (I-6), resulting in the same total ibandronate dose over the study. Rats were killed after 6 or 18 weeks. At 18 weeks, all fracture lines had disappeared in the CNT and I-6 groups; approximately 10% of fracture lines remained in th... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611837 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 07:17:44 +0100 5611837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611838&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9016222750q1v0v3%2F Abstract  Bone loss during perimenopause, an estrogen-sufficient period, correlates with elevated serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and decreased inhibins A and B. Utilizing a recently described ovotoxin-induced animal model of perimenopause characterized by a prolonged estrogen-replete period of elevated FSH, we examined longitudinal changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and their association with FSH. Additionally, serum inhibin levels were assessed to determine whether elevated FSH occurred secondary to decreased ovarian inhibin production and, if so, whether inhibins also correlated with BMD. BMD of the distal femur was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) over 19 months in Sprague-Dawley rats treated at 1 month with vehicle or 4-vinylc... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611838 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 07:17:43 +0100 5611838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599824&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8n8047341011571x%2F Abstract  We studied the effects of increasing age, dosage, and duration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment on changes in bone mineral density (BMD). Randomized placebo controlled trials on PTH treatment in men or women were retrieved from PubMed (1951 to present), Web of Science (1945 to present), or Embase (1974 to present). The search date was November 16, 2010. All studies comparing PTH treatment to either placebo or antiresorptive drugs—for example, bisphosphonates or hormone replacement therapy—were included. A total of 214 studies were identified in the initial search, and 15 of these trials were included. By metaregression analysis, we found that the increase in spine BMD (Z-score) after PTH treatment was blunted by increasing age (R 2 = 0.27; 2p&n... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599824 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 06:41:19 +0100 5599824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573379&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl504057536128230%2F Abstract  Originally identified as axonal guidance cues, semaphorins are expressed throughout many different tissues and regulate numerous non-neuronal processes. We demonstrate that most class III semaphorins are expressed in mouse osteoblasts and are differentially regulated by cell growth and differentiation: Sema3d expression is increased and Sema3e expression decreased during proliferation in culture, while expression of Sema3a is unaffected by cell density but increases in cultures of mineralizing osteoblasts. Expression of Sema3a, -3e, and -3d is also differentially regulated by osteogenic stimuli; inhibition of GSK3β decreased expression of Sema3a and -3e, while 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased expression of Sema3e. Parathyroid hormone had no effect on expression of Sema3a, -... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573379 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 16:49:38 +0100 5573379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573380&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6005610g42101507%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9562-5Authors Michel Laroche, Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Purpan, 1 place du Dr Baylac, TSA 40031, 30159 Toulouse Cedex 09, France Journal Calcified Tissue InternationalOnline ISSN 1432-0827Print ISSN 0171-967X (Source: Calcified Tissue International) Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573380 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 16:51:30 +0100 5573380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573381&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frhj8122g876nmg96%2F Abstract  Vitamin A is the only known compound that produces spontaneous fractures in rats. In an effort to resolve the molecular mechanism behind this effect, we fed young male rats high doses of vitamin A and performed microarray analysis of diaphyseal bone with and without marrow after 1 week, i.e., just before the first fractures appeared. Of the differentially expressed genes in cortical bone, including marrow, 98% were upregulated. In contrast, hypervitaminotic cortical bone without marrow showed reduced expression of 37% of differentially expressed genes. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that only samples containing bone marrow were associated with a GO term, which principally represented extracellular matrix. This is consistent with the histological finding... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573381 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 06:48:19 +0100 5573381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5562616&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm5182x074u22827m%2F Abstract  There is increasing interest in identifying new pathways and candidate genes that confer susceptibility to osteoporosis. There is evidence that adipogenesis and osteogenesis may be related, including a common bone marrow progenitor cell for both adipocytes and osteoblasts. Perilipin 1 (PLIN1) and Perilipin 4 (PLIN4) are members of the PATS family of genes and are involved in lipolysis of intracellular lipid deposits. A previous study reported gender-specific associations between one polymorphism of PLIN1 and bone mineral density (BMD) in a Japanese population. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in PLIN1 and PLIN4 would be associated with bone measures in adult Caucasian participants of the Framingham Osteoporosis Study (FOS). We genotyped 1,206 male and 1,445 female... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5562616 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 16:49:54 +0100 5562616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5527602&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd51686000086px25%2F Abstract  The majority of knee arthroplasties (KAs) are performed in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Although bone mass may be increased in these patients, subjects with knee OA may have an increased risk of hip fracture, possibly due to an increased severity of falls. However, in patients with KAs, risk of hip fracture has not been studied extensively. We evaluated the association between KAs and hip fracture risk in a population-based case–control study using the Dutch PHARMO Record Linkage System (1991–2002, n = 33,104). Cases were patients with a first admission for hip fracture; controls were matched by age, gender, and geographic location. Neither group had a previous history of fracture. Time since first KA was calculated. Analyses were adjusted for ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5527602 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 17:04:19 +0100 5527602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5516585&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F76h700q2t44w55k2%2F Abstract  Quantitative ultrasound measurement (QUS) and bone mineral density (BMD) have each been shown to predict fracture risk in women. The present study examined whether a combination of QUS and BMD could improve the predictive accuracy of fracture risk. This is a population-based prospective study which involved 454 women and 445 men aged 62–89 years. Femoral neck BMD (FNBMD) was measured by DXA and calcaneal QUS was measured as broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) by a CUBA sonometer. Fragility fracture was ascertained by X-ray reports during the follow-up period, which took place between mid-1989 and 2009. During the follow-up period (median 13 years, range 11–15), 75 men and 154 women sustained a fragility fracture. In women, the model with FNBMD and... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5516585 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 17:29:02 +0100 5516585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5516586&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx7365176x2wr58r1%2F Abstract  Epidemiological studies suggest that cervical and trochanteric hip fractures have different pathogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that genetic factors have different influences on both types of fractures. Ten polymorphisms of genes known to play an important role in skeletal homeostasis [estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), aromatase (CYP19A1), type I collagen (COL1A1), and lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5)] were analyzed in 471 Spanish patients with fragility hip fractures. Two polymorphisms of the LRP5 gene (rs7116604 and rs3781600) were associated with the type of fracture (P = 0.0085 and 0.0047, respectively). The presence of rare alleles at each locus was associated with trochanteric fractures over cervical fractures (OR = 1.7 in indi... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5516586 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 17:06:41 +0100 5516586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507211&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7455w54128777756%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9555-4Authors Ippei Kanazawa, Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan Journal Calcified Tissue InternationalOnline ISSN 1432-0827Print ISSN 0171-967X (Source: Calcified Tissue International) Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507211 Sat, 10 Dec 2011 16:54:21 +0100 5507211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507212&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxk40347014g4u700%2F Abstract  Recently, it has been shown that transient bone biology can be observed in vivo using time-lapse micro-computed tomography (μCT) in the mouse tail bone. Nevertheless, in order for the mouse tail bone to be a model for human disease, the hallmarks of any disease must be mimicked. The aim of this study was to investigate whether postmenopausal osteoporosis could be modeled in caudal vertebrae of C57Bl/6 mice, considering static and dynamic bone morphometry as well as mechanical properties, and to describe temporal changes in bone remodeling rates. Twenty C57Bl/6 mice were ovariectomized (OVX, n = 11) or sham-operated (SHM, n = 9) and monitored with in vivo μCT on the day of surgery and every 2 weeks after, up to 12 weeks. Ther... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507212 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 18:24:46 +0100 5507212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5488912&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Faxh8h7766k353517%2F Abstract  Osteocalcin (OC) is an osteoblast-derived protein implicated in the regulation of glucose tolerance and energy metabolism. This endocrine function has been suggested to be exerted via its undercarboxylated form, which has been shown to induce expression of adiponectin, insulin, and islet cell proliferation in mice. Furthermore, insulin has recently been shown to regulate the biological activity of OC in bone. Our aim was to explore the association between glucose and bone metabolism by evaluating the effect of a standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on serum OC, carboxylated OC (cOC) and bone-turnover markers (BTMs) C terminal telopeptide (βCTX-I) and N terminal propeptide (PINP) of type I collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5488912 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 10:47:18 +0100 5488912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5488911&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjr67u6150wm63v17%2F Abstract  Our previous work has shown associations between childhood adiposity and perinatal methylation status of several genes in umbilical cord tissue, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). There is increasing evidence that eNOS is important in bone metabolism; we therefore related the methylation status of the eNOS gene promoter in stored umbilical cord to childhood bone size and density in a group of 9-year-old children. We used Sequenom MassARRAY to assess the methylation status of two CpGs in the eNOS promoter, identified from our previous study, in stored umbilical cords of 66 children who formed part of a Southampton birth cohort and who had measurements of bone size and density at age 9 years (Lunar DPXL DXA instrument). Percentage methylation v... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5488911 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 10:47:18 +0100 5488911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5488913&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F431601101nj4k627%2F In conclusion, our study implies that SOX9 activity has to be tightly regulated in the adult skeleton to ensure optimal bone quality. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ResearchPages 1-14DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9550-9Authors Bojian Liang, Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USAMeghan M. Cotter, Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USADongxing Chen, Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USAChristopher J. Hernandez, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USAGuang Zhou, Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5488913 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 17:41:44 +0100 5488913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5450795&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2581551036301066%2F Abstract  We studied the association between bisphosphonate use and risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels using a nationwide retrospective cohort from Denmark. All users of bisphosphonates and other drugs against osteoporosis between 1996 and 2006 (n = 103,562) comprised the exposed group and three age- and gender-matched controls from the general population (n = 310,683), the unexposed group. The main outcomes were occurrence of AMI or atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels. An excess risk of AMI was seen in users of alendronate compared to the unexposed. However, an inverse dose–response relationship was seen, with an increased risk in those with low adherence (≤0.66 DDD, HR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.2... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5450795 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 17:58:37 +0100 5450795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5411367&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy53k232320t8hq07%2F Abstract  Our aim was to determine if zoledronic acid (ZA) changes 45Ca pharmacokinetics and bone microstructure in irradiated, ovary-intact (I) and irradiated, ovariectomized mice (OVX), two groups with different patterns of skeletal damage. The hind limbs of I and OVX BALB/c mice received a single 16-Gy radiation dose, simulating pre- and postmenopausal female cancer patients undergoing radiation treatment. All I and OVX mice were radiolabeled with 15 μCi 45Ca. Mice were treated with or without a 0.5 mg/kg injection of ZA. The time course of bone mineral remodeling was evaluated using a fecal 45Ca assay, measured by liquid scintillation. A group of nonirradiated, intact mice were used for the longitudinal evaluation of 45Ca biodistribution. Distal femur bone his... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5411367 Mon, 14 Nov 2011 16:58:05 +0100 5411367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5411368&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F62872062554227xl%2F Abstract  Renal insufficiency induces cortical bone loss in rats. The present study examined the influence of vitamin K2 on renal function, cortical bone mass, and bone strength in rats with renal insufficiency. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were randomized by the stratified weight method to the following three groups of 10 animals each: sham operation (control), 5/6 nephrectomy, and 5/6 nephrectomy + oral vitamin K2 (menaquinone-4, menatetrenone, 30 mg/kg, 5 days/week). Treatment was initiated 10 days after surgery. After 6 weeks of treatment, samples of serum, urine, and bone (femur and tibia) were obtained. Renal function was evaluated, bone histomorphometric analysis was performed on the tibial diaphysis, and the bone min... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5411368 Sat, 12 Nov 2011 06:48:41 +0100 5411368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5411369&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6nn514wx1323j643%2F Abstract  We investigated the incidence of additional fractures and the rate of prescription of osteoporotic pharmacotherapy after an initial hip fracture. We surveyed female patients aged 65 and over who sustained their first hip fracture between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2007, treated at 25 hospitals in five geographic areas in Japan. Data for 1 year after the first hip fracture were collected from medical records, and questionnaires were mailed to all patients. In total, 2,663 patients were enrolled, and 335 patients were excluded based on exclusion criteria. The analysis was performed on 2,328 patients. During the 1-year follow-up period 160 fractures occurred in 153 patients and 77 subsequent hip fractures occurred in 77 patients. The incidence of all addi... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5411369 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 06:55:56 +0100 5411369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5411370&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp53604524l2r7171%2F This study aimed at a further understanding of the importance of two previously studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the SOST gene, rs10534024 (SRP3) and rs9902563 (SRP9), in the Odense Androgen Study (OAS) cohort. This cohort includes a total of 1,383 Danish men from two different age groups, 20–29 years (n = 783) and 60–74 years (n = 600), and is well characterized. Subjects were phenotyped for BMD at several sites and additionally for body composition and hip geometric parameters. In a combined analysis of the young and the elderly OAS, no associations were found for SRP3 either with BMD or with hip geometry. Instead, we found that this polymorphism had a relatively large effect on weight (–1.149 kg) and body mass index (–0.389 ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5411370 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 16:50:50 +0100 5411370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5390742&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh129674hw1n88166%2F Abstract  The use of FRAX, particularly in the absence of BMD, has been the subject of some debate and is the focus of this review. The clinical risk factors used in FRAX have high validity as judged from an evidence-based assessment and identify a risk that is responsive to pharmaceutical intervention. Moreover, treatment effects, with the possible exception of alendronate, are not dependent on baseline BMD and strongly suggest that FRAX identifies high-risk patients who respond to pharmaceutical interventions. In addition, the selection of high-risk individuals with FRAX, without knowledge of BMD, preferentially selects for low BMD. The prediction of fractures with the use of clinical risk factors alone in FRAX is comparable to the use of BMD alone to predict fractures an... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5390742 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 17:09:46 +0100 5390742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5390743&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0076qp84157425p3%2F Abstract  Water is well recognized as an important component in bone, typically regarded as a constituent of collagen, a pore-filling fluid in bone, and an adsorbed species on the surface of bone crystallites. The possible siting and role of water within the structure of the apatite crystallites have not been fully explored. In our experiments, carbonated hydroxyl- and fluorapatites were prepared in D2O and characterized by elemental analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Two hydroxylapatites and two fluorapatites, with widely different amounts of carbonate were analyzed by solid state 2H NMR spectroscopy using the quadrupole echo pulse sequence, and each spectrum showed one single line as well as a low-intensit... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5390743 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 17:09:44 +0100 5390743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325822&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn4634x54x962l547%2F Abstract  We studied the association between bisphosphonate use and risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in a nationwide retrospective cohort from Denmark. All users of bisphosphonates and other drugs against osteoporosis between 1996 and 2006 (n = 103,562) were used as the exposed group, with three age- and gender-matched controls from the general population (n = 310,683) as the nonexposed group. The main outcome was occurrence of cancer of the esophagus, ventricle, small intestine, colon, pancreas, gallbladder or bile duct, or liver. Except for colon cancer, most of the GI cancers were rare. For clodronate and raloxifene, no excess risk was present for any of the GI cancers. For alendronate, an excess risk of esophageal and liver cancer was observed; ho... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325822 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 15:46:35 +0100 5325822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325821&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx06886464034046l%2F In conclusion, Notch is a regulator of skeletal development and bone remodeling, and abnormal Notch signaling is associated with developmental and postnatal skeletal disorders. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ReviewPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9541-xAuthors Stefano Zanotti, Department of Research, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland Street, Hartford, CT 06105, USAErnesto Canalis, Department of Research, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland Street, Hartford, CT 06105, USA Journal Calcified Tissue InternationalOnline ISSN 1432-0827Print ISSN 0171-967X (Source: Calcified Tissue International) Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325821 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 15:46:35 +0100 5325821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317300&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd080185453508406%2F Abstract  We investigated the associations of body composition and sex hormones with quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters carried out at different skeletal sites. In 897 postmenopausal women (64.1 ± 6.6 years) we measured QUS at the calcaneus (stiffness) by Achilles-GE and at phalanxes (amplitude-dependent speed of sound [AD-SOS], bone transmission time [BTT], and ultrasound bone profile index [UBPI]) by Bone Profiler-IGEA. In all subjects we measured fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), android fat, and gynoid fat by DXA. In all subjects we also assessed serum testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex-hormone binding globulin, free estrogen index (FEI), free androgen index, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), and type I collagen β carb... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317300 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 05:48:40 +0100 5317300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298458&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk75p042w42520483%2F In this study we investigate which common cell nutrients are required for the proliferating and mineralizing stages of osteoblast differentiation. Medium containing 5.5 mM glucose was sufficient to achieve maximal proliferation of primary calvarial osteoblasts and human osteoblast cell lines, with some added benefit of additional glutamine supplementation. However, when cells were stimulated to mineralize, glucose was insufficient to support their energetic requirements. Only when cells were supplemented with glucose together with glutamine were high levels of osteocalcin expression observed together with mineralized nodules in culture, suggesting that this would be a useful combination to assess in cultures of primary human osteoblasts to determine whether it may have beneficia... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298458 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 05:49:34 +0100 5298458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288072&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn64q84748336016x%2F Abstract  We sought to determine the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RANKL, RANK, and OPG on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone geometry at the radius in men. Pairwise tag SNPs (r 2 ≥ 0.8) for RANKL (n = 8), RANK (n = 44), and OPG (n = 22) and five SNPs near RANKL and OPG strongly associated with areal BMD in genomewide association studies were previously genotyped in men aged 40–79 years in the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). Here, these SNPs were analyzed in a subsample of men (n = 589) who had peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) performed at the distal (4%) and mid-shaft (50%) radius. Estimated parameters were total and trabecular vBMD (mg/mm3) and cross-sectiona... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288072 Sun, 02 Oct 2011 05:49:41 +0100 5288072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288071&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F79368437524552q8%2F This study assessed vitamin D status at different time intervals following the cessation of treatment. The database of Clalit-Health-Services (CHS), a not-for-profit HMO covering more than half of the Israeli population, was retrospectively searched for all members with available serum 25OHD test results in 2009 (245,493). We then identified those who filled any cholecalciferol prescription in 2008–2009 (121,817). Subjects were included in the final analysis only if they started treatment in 2009, had serum 25OHD < 50 nmol/l before the first prescription in 2009, and had at least one additional test result after the last dated prescription in 2009 (5,461). Serum 25OHD increased from 32 ± 11 nmol/l at baseline to 58.6 ± 22.3 nmol/l a... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288071 Sun, 02 Oct 2011 05:49:41 +0100 5288071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288073&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj41519571x836136%2F In this study we investigated the role of p53 in the regulation of human osteocalcin gene expression. We observed that osteocalcin promoter activity could be upregulated by both exogenous and endogenous p53 and downregulated by p53-specific small interfering RNA. DNA affinity immunoblotting assay showed that p53 can bind to the human osteocalcin promoter in vitro. We further identified a p53 response element within the osteocalcin promoter region using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, we observed an additive effect of p53 and VDR on the regulation of osteocalcin promoter activity. Our findings suggest that p53 may directly target the human osteocalcin gene and positively affect osteocalcin gene expression. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Research... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288073 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 05:45:10 +0100 5288073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288074&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq778qt8w42272413%2F Abstract  Mononuclear precursors of human osteoclasts are found in the CD14+ monocyte fraction of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). It is possible to generate osteoclasts in vitro from PBMCs cultured with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand. In these cultures, however, it is not possible to distinguish the effect of a specific agent on osteoclast resorption activity as opposed to osteoclast differentiation. To produce a population of mature human osteoclasts to study osteoclast lacunar resorption specifically, we cultured CD14+ human monocytes on hydrophobic dishes in order to generate and maintain osteoclasts in suspension prior to culturing them on coverslips and dentine slices. Multinucleated cell... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288074 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 05:52:22 +0100 5288074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5276421&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm343772223t61k8q%2F In conclusion, common genetic variations within the CYP19A1 gene are significantly associated with aBMD in postmenopausal Caucasian women. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ResearchPages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9535-8Authors B. H. Mullin, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, AustraliaK. W. Carter, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, UWA Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, AustraliaJ. R. Lewis, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, AustraliaE. Ingley, Cell Signalling Group, Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australia Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5276421 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 05:52:28 +0100 5276421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5276422&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5278q2u81k462x73%2F Abstract  Cbl is an adaptor protein and E3 ligase that plays both positive and negative roles in several signaling pathways that affect various cellular functions. Tyrosine 737 is unique to Cbl and phosphorylated by Src family kinases. Phosphorylated CblY737 creates a binding site for the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) that also plays an important role in the regulation of bone homeostasis. To investigate the role of Cbl–PI3K interaction in bone homeostasis, we examined knock-in mice in which the PI3K binding site on Cbl was ablated due to the substitution of tyrosine 737 to phenylalanine (CblYF/YF, YF mice). We previously reported that bone volume in these mice is increased due to decreased osteoclast function (Adapala et al., J Biol Chem 2... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5276422 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 05:52:27 +0100 5276422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240821&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F86pp24322ph4p180%2F Abstract  Reconstruction of the canine mandible using bone transport distraction osteogenesis has been shown to be a suitable method for correcting segmental bone defects produced by cancer, gunshots, and trauma. Although the mechanical quality of the new regenerate cortical bone seems to be related to the mineralization process, several questions regarding the microstructural patterns of the new bony tissue remain unanswered. The purpose of this study was to quantify any microstructural differences that may exist between the regenerate and control cortical bone. Five adult American foxhound dogs underwent unilateral bone transport distraction of the mandible to repair bone defects of 30–35 mm. Animals were killed 12 weeks after the beginning of the consolidatio... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240821 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 16:44:05 +0100 5240821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240822&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq6rv48g613360038%2F Abstract  The vitamin D analog 1α,25-dihydroxy-2β-(3-hydroxypropyloxy)vitamin D3 (ED-71 or eldecalcitol) has been developed for treatment of osteoporosis, but its effects on mineral metabolism have not been investigated in detail. In the present study, we compared the effects of eldecalcitol and calcitriol on calcium (Ca) and phosphate (Pi) handling in rats. Oral administration of eldecalcitol (0, 7.5, 20, or 50 pmol) q.o.d. for 2 weeks dose-dependently increased ionized Ca, intestinal Ca absorption, and urinary Ca excretion, while these doses of calcitriol had no significant effects. The highest dose of eldecalcitol did not alter serum Pi but stimulated both intestinal Pi absorption and urinary Pi excretion; the latter was attributable, in part, to increased ser... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240822 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 15:50:55 +0100 5240822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212415&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F322014jx73181330%2F We report the case of a 71-year-old man with progressive metastatic prostate cancer in whom simultaneous occurrence of paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome (CS) and tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) initially was suspected. However, the evolution of biochemical markers of phosphate metabolism during disease course and after bilateral adrenalectomy argued against the diagnosis of TIO. Despite the persistence of progressive prostate cancer, CS and hypophosphatemia resolved in parallel after bilateral adrenalectomy. Thus, these data suggest that paraneoplastic CS per se was involved in the pathogenesis of hypophosphatemia. Calcitriol and intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels were within the reference range at onset, which is inappropriate in the setting of severe hypophosphatemia.... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212415 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 15:49:01 +0100 5212415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212416&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa17122365h701r74%2F In conclusion, F-OST osteoblast cultures produce a bone-like matrix and may provide a good model for bone mineralization studies. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ResearchPages 1-14DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9526-9Authors W. Querido, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, BrazilL. G. Abraçado, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, BrazilA. L. Rossi, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, BrazilA. P. C. Campos, Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, BrazilA. M. Rossi, Grupo ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212416 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 06:05:30 +0100 5212416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5193020&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb74423522g00p513%2F Abstract  Endochondral bone formation requires new blood vessel formation, and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may play a role in this process. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), one subtype of EPCs, isolated from the microvasculature of rat lungs, exhibited cell surface antigen markers and gene products characteristic of endothelial cells and displayed high proliferative potential and an ability to form vessel-like network structures in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ECFCs facilitate bone healing during fracture repair and stimulate bone regeneration. When type I collagen sponge containing ECFCs were surgically wrapped around the fractured femurs of rats, newly formed bone mineral at the site of fracture was 13% greater (P = 0.01)... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5193020 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 06:11:15 +0100 5193020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5171537&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg76171l044128050%2F Abstract  The aim of this study was to assess structural indices from high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) images of the human proximal femur along with areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and compare the relationship of these parameters to bone strength in vitro. Thirty-one human proximal femur specimens (8 men and 23 women, median age 74 years, range 50–89) were examined with HR-pQCT at four regions of interest (femoral head, neck, major and minor trochanter) with 82 μm and in a subgroup (n = 17) with 41 μm resolution. Separate analyses of cortical and trabecular geometry, volumetric BMD (vBMD), and microarchitectural parameters were obtained. In addition, aBMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was perform... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5171537 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 15:48:09 +0100 5171537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5171538&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy5qln888968605m3%2F Abstract  Osteocytes play a central role in the regulation of bone remodeling. The aim of this study was to explore osteocyte function, and particularly the expression of SOST, a Wnt inhibitor, in patients with hip fractures. Serum sclerostin levels were measured by ELISA. The expression of several osteocytic genes was studied by quantitative PCR in trabecular samples of the femoral head of patients with hip fractures, hip osteoarthritis and control subjects. The presence of sclerostin protein and activated caspase 3 was revealed by immunostaining. There were no significant differences in serum sclerostin between the three groups. Patients with fractures have fewer lacunae occupied by osteocytes (60 ± 5% vs. 64 ± 6% in control subjects, P = 0.... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5171538 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 15:48:08 +0100 5171538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5148759&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F011u06k2494q4k60%2F Abstract  Bone mechanical adaptation is a cellular process that allows bones to adapt their mass and structure to mechanical loading. This process is governed by the osteocytes, which in response to mechanical loading produce signaling molecules that affect osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are excellent candidates as signaling molecules, but it is unknown whether mechanically stimulated osteocytes affect bone adaptation through BMP production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether osteocytes produce BMPs in response to mechanical loading. In addition, since BMP7 has a vitamin D receptor (VDR) response element in the promoter region, we also investigated whether VDR is involved in the BMP7 response to mechanical loading. Human or... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5148759 Sat, 13 Aug 2011 06:06:13 +0100 5148759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112215&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk316208806554700%2F Abstract  There is evidence suggesting that early events in life may predispose the adult to osteoporosis. We assessed bone status by quantitative ultrasonography in healthy neonates, and we report the changes occurring during the first year of life, according to the type of early feeding. We measured the speed of sound (SOS) of the left tibia in 116 full-term infants (0–9 days of age) and in their mothers (21–42 years of age). SOS values did not correlate with gestational age of the study subjects (r = 0.08) or anthropometric measurements. The SOS measurements of the mothers did not correlate with those of their children (r = 0.01). Fifty-seven infants had SOS measurements performed at 4 and 12 months. Twenty-five infants were exclusive... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112215 Sun, 07 Aug 2011 05:52:34 +0100 5112215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5081914&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe27100x8672g457w%2F In conclusion, older men who are moderate current smokers have poor trabecular (but not cortical) microarchitecture, which is not reflected by a decrease in aBMD. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9519-8Authors P. Szulc, INSERM Research Unit 1033, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Université de Lyon, Place d’Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, FranceE. Debiesse, INSERM Research Unit 1033, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Université de Lyon, Place d’Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, FranceS. Boutroy, INSERM Research Unit 1033, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Université de Lyon, Place d’Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, FranceN. Vilauphiou, INSERM Research Unit 1033, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Université de Lyon, Place d’Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, FranceR. Chapurlat, INSERM Research Unit 1033, Hôpital Edouard... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5081914 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 15:59:39 +0100 5081914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5081915&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn5316623m8112267%2F Abstract  Our aim was to examine the association between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) at baseline and BMD change at the femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) in postmenopausal women during a 15-year follow-up. All participants were from the Chingford Study. BMD at the FN and LS were measured eight times during the 15-year follow-up by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. DHEAS at baseline was measured using radioimmunoassay. Data on height, weight, and hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) status were obtained at each visit. Multilevel linear regression modeling was used to examine the association between longitudinal BMD change at the FN and LS and DHEAS at baseline. Postmenopausal women (n = 1,003) aged 45–68 years (mean 54.7) at baseline were i... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5081915 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 05:51:27 +0100 5081915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058621&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmq076h48877l7798%2F The objective of this study was to compare total and regional forearm bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with PHPT and FHH and to examine if differences can be used to separate the two disorders. We included 63 FHH, and 121 PHPT patients in a cross-sectional study. We performed dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of the forearm, hip and lumbar spine and measured a number of biochemical variables. PTH patients had significantly lower Z-scores in all parts of the forearm compared to FHH. This was also the case after adjustment for body mass index. When stratifying for age, gender and PTH, T-scores were still significantly lower in PHPT patients than in FHH patients at the total, the mid and the ultradistal forearm, but not at the proximal 1/3 forearm. In a multiple regression an... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058621 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 17:04:13 +0100 5058621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058622&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn3k444lq82156462%2F Abstract  The key to treating steroid-induced necrosis of femoral heads (SINFH) is early diagnosis. Dramatic improvements in diagnosis could be made if the pathogenesis of SINFH was more fully understood; however, the underlying mechanism of this disease is currently unknown. To explore the potential mechanism of SINFH, we performed gene array analysis on a rat model of the disease and compare the expression profile with that of normal rats. A quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were used to confirm the microarray results. Compared to the control group, 190 genes in the experimental group were differentially expressed, with 52 up-regulated and 138 down-regulated. Of these genes, 102 are known (deposited in GenBank), while 88 of them are unknown. The kn... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058622 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 17:55:45 +0100 5058622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012618&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0r2vn16865538195%2F Abstract  Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of Paget disease of bone (PDB). SQSTM1 is the most important disease-associated gene identified to date. We investigated the relationship of family history, phenotype, and SQSTM1 mutation status in New Zealand (a country with a high prevalence of PDB) in patients with a family history and/or a severe phenotype. We studied 61 unrelated subjects with familial PDB. Family history was subclassified into three groups according to the closeness of the relationship. We also studied a fourth group of 19 unrelated patients defined by early onset and/or severe disease but no family history. The PDB phenotype was defined according to age, alkaline phosphatase activity, and disease extent on scintiscan at the time of d... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012618 Thu, 07 Jul 2011 05:43:28 +0100 5012618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4987989&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnu8065728727386l%2F Abstract  To study the risk of developing type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D) diabetes among users of drugs against osteoporosis compared to nonusers. Nationwide cohort study in Denmark with all users of drugs against osteoporosis (n = 103,562) as exposed and three age- and sex-matched nondiabetic control subjects (n = 310,683) randomly selected from the background population. The main outcome variable was an incident diagnosis of diabetes after the baseline date. Among users of alendronate, etidronate, and raloxifene, no change in the risk of T1D was observed. However, the risk of developing T2D was reduced with all three drugs (alendronate: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.85, etidronate: HR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.69... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4987989 Tue, 28 Jun 2011 06:05:53 +0100 4987989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4971911&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb644w52030075452%2F This study was performed to investigate the effect of monthly oral administration of 500 μg of calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) for 4 months on both serum vitamin D levels and sequential changes of parameters of calcium metabolism; 18 normal women aged 24–72 years were investigated. There was a significant increase of serum 25(OH)D after the first administration; thereafter all values persisted significantly higher compared to the basal value (P < 0.001). Mean 1,25(OH)2D serum levels peaked at day 3 and then tended to stabilize following day 30. During the first month, all mean values observed following the initial administration were significantly higher than basal values. The first calcidiol dose produced a significant reduction of serum PTH levels (P&... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4971911 Fri, 24 Jun 2011 05:44:14 +0100 4971911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4971912&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj2267416m303457l%2F Abstract  Fracture consolidation is a crucial goal to achieve as early as possible, but pharmacological stimulation has been neglected so far. Teriparatide has been considered for this purpose for its anabolic properties. We set up a murine model of closed tibial fracture on which different doses of teriparatide were tested. Closed fracture treatment avoids any bias introduced by surgical manipulations. Teriparatide’s effect on callus formation was monitored during the first 4 weeks from fracture. Callus evolution was determined by histomorphometric and microhardness assessment. Daily administration of 40 μg/kg of teriparatide accelerated callus mineralization from day 9 onward without significant increase of sizes, and at day 15 the microhardness properties of... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4971912 Fri, 24 Jun 2011 05:44:12 +0100 4971912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4971913&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu155u800018x842l%2F Abstract  Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GCOP) is predominantly caused by inhibition of bone formation, resulting from a decrease in osteoblast numbers. Employing mouse (MBA-15.4) and human (MG-63) osteoblast cell lines, we previously found that the glucocorticoid (GC) dexamethasone (Dex) inhibits cellular proliferation as well as activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, essential for mitogenesis in these cells, and that both these effects could be reversed by the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitor vanadate. In a rat model of GCOP, the GC-induced changes in bone formation, mass, and strength could be prevented by vanadate cotreatment, suggesting that the GC effects on bone were mediated by one or more PTPs. Employing phosphatase inhibitors, qRT-PCR, Wes... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4971913 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 06:02:04 +0100 4971913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4963443&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp04737g5p4623437%2F Abstract  Little is known about bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with heroin addiction and subsequent methadone substitution. The goal of this study was to compare bone mass density of young HIV-negative women on long-term methadone treatment to a local group of young healthy women. Eleven women (aged 20–29) with previous heroin dependence and current methadone substitution (20–140 mg, median 60, daily) for 1.5–9 (median 3) years were compared to 30 healthy women (aged 20–28). Participants were examined with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine (L2–L4), of the total proximal hip area, and of the femoral neck. Patients and controls had neither current nor lifetime underweight condition, had comparable ages at menarche, and did not differ ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4963443 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 15:59:16 +0100 4963443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4963445&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg585453p84t32612%2F Abstract  In healthy individuals measures of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme activity predict the change in bone formation markers in response to therapeutic glucocorticoids. It is unclear whether these measures remain predictive in inflammatory disease. We therefore examined whether 11β-HSD1 activity predicts changes in bone markers and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with therapeutic glucocorticoids. Prospective and cross-sectional studies were carried out in patients attending a gastroenterology clinic with active (n = 39) or clinically inactive (n = 34) IBD and healthy controls (n = 51). Urinary corticosteroid metabolite profiles were obtained on a spot urine sa... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4963445 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 06:07:20 +0100 4963445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4963444&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1p812g8782722558%2F In conclusion, no significant difference in the incidence of GIAEs was found between patients prescribed alendronate, risedronate, and strontium ranelate. Individuals prescribed raloxifene had a significantly lower risk of GIAEs compared with patients prescribed alendronate. No significant difference was found in the frequency of hospitalization for GIAEs. Switching between osteoporosis medications and drug classes was uncommon. Prescribers should consider the real-world gastrointestinal safety of osteoporosis drugs when choosing between treatment options to potentially improve medication adherence and consequently effectiveness. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9511-3Authors Erik Landfeldt, Innovus, Stockholm, SwedenAndrea Lang, Innovus, Stockholm, ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4963444 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 06:07:20 +0100 4963444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4947906&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft4647x65j523081x%2F Abstract  Survivin, the smallest member of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene family, is critical for the regulation of mitosis and maintenance of cell viability during embryonic development and cancer, while not being detectable in most adult differentiated tissues. We know little about whether survivin plays any physiological or pathophysiological role in the adult musculoskeletal system. We studied the expression of survivin in primary human osteoblastic cells and its biological functions in vitro. Survivin was detected by immunoblotting and real-time PCR. Subcellular localization was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Transfection of siRNA and plasmids coding for wild-type survivin was performed to study survivin function, i.e., proliferation and apoptosis assays. Survivin mR... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4947906 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 05:51:44 +0100 4947906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940368&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F350011u325n48574%2F Abstract  The higher incidence of fractures in women than in men is generally attributed to the lower areal bone mineral density (areal BMD, g/cm2) of the former. The purpose of the present study was to investigate both areal BMD and injurious falls as risk factors for fractures. In a first cohort, areal BMD was measured in 5,131 men and women (age range 40–95 years). In a second cohort, consisting of 26,565 men and women (age range 40–69 years), a health survey was conducted including questions about lifestyle and medication. Main outcome measures included validated prospective injurious falls and fractures in both cohorts. The higher areal BMD and femoral neck BMD in men compared to women (P < 0.001) were explained by a higher diameter of the fem... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940368 Sat, 11 Jun 2011 06:02:51 +0100 4940368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915984&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjk7751w147825481%2F Abstract  It is not known whether local androgen metabolism is involved in the mechanisms underlying the dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration-induced improvement of bone mineral density (BMD) in an estrogen-deficiency state. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether DHEA administration would improve local androgen metabolism and BMD in cancellous site of tibia of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Twenty-two female rats, 6 weeks old, were randomized into three groups: sham-operated rats, OVX control rats, and OVX rats that received DHEA treatment. DHEA was administered intraperitoneally at 20 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks. The concentrations of free testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in cancellous site of tibia did not change as a result of ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915984 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 15:52:29 +0100 4915984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915985&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh42319n786077416%2F Abstract  Recently two algorithms have become available to estimate the 10-year probability of fracture in patients suspected to have osteoporosis on the basis of clinical risk factors: the FRAX algorithm and QFractureScores algorithm (QFracture). The aim of this study was to compare the performance of these algorithms in a study of fracture patients and controls recruited from six centers in the United Kingdom and Ireland. A total of 246 postmenopausal women aged 50–85 years who had recently suffered a low-trauma fracture were enrolled and their characteristics were compared with 338 female controls who had never suffered a fracture. Femoral bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and fracture risk was calculated using the FRAX and QFr... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915985 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 05:46:25 +0100 4915985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915986&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm7210l7w1w6p21p3%2F We report that, despite highly elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase activity throughout articular cartilage, there is a complete loss in the mineralized zone of articular cartilage as assessed by von Kossa staining of mineral and as quantified by EPIC-microCT analysis and evidence of vascular invasion. We also identify the downregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) factors identified as regulators of terminally differentiated mineralizing articular chondrocytes. There is also a striking increase in the histochemical staining of sulfated proteoglycans, a change that may reflect the loss of a transitional tissue that reduces mechanical stress at the interface between cartilage and subchondral bone. The failure of mineralizing articular chondrocytes to develop in the hypophosphatem... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915986 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 05:50:45 +0100 4915986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915987&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl1433uk62v67gt57%2F Abstract  Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is required in many biological processes, including signaling cascades, skeletal development, tooth mineralization, and nucleic acid synthesis. Recently, we showed that Pi transport in osteoblasts, mediated by Slc20a1, a member of the type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporter family, is indispensable for osteoid mineralization in rapidly growing rat bone. In addition, we found that bone mineral density decreased slightly with dysfunction of Pi homeostasis in aged transgenic rats overexpressing mouse Slc20a1 (Slc20a1-Tg). Bone and tooth share certain common molecular features, and thus, we focused on tooth development in Slc20a1-Tg mandibular incisors in order to determine the role of Slc20a1 in tooth mineralization. Around the time of... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915987 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 05:50:44 +0100 4915987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4897381&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp41548q80r436300%2F Abstract  The pharmacological management of disease should involve consideration of the balance between the beneficial effects of treatment on outcome and the probability of adverse effects. The aim of this review is to explore the risk of adverse drug reactions and drug–drug interactions with treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis. We reviewed evidence for adverse reactions from regulatory documents, randomized controlled trials, pharmacovigilance surveys, and case series. Bisphosphonates are associated with gastrointestinal effects, musculoskeletal pain, and acute-phase reactions, as well as, very rarely, atrial fibrillation, atypical fracture, delayed fracture healing, osteonecrosis of the jaw, hypersensitivity reactions, and renal impairment. Cutaneous effects and... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4897381 Fri, 03 Jun 2011 05:58:10 +0100 4897381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4897380&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyg35j5r3546x7908%2F Abstract  The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is crucial for virtually all of vitamin D’s actions and is thought to be ubiquitously expressed. We hypothesized that disruption of one allele of the VDR gene would impact bone development and would have metabolic consequences. Body composition and bone mass (BMD) in VDR heterozygous (VDR HET) mice were compared to those obtained in male and female VDR KO and WT mice at 8 weeks of age. Male mice were also evaluated at 16 weeks, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation was evaluated in VDR female mice. Additionally, female VDR HET and WT mice received intermittent PTH treatment or vehicle (VH) for 4 weeks. BMD was determined at baseline and after treatment. MRI was done in vivo at the end of treatment;... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4897380 Fri, 03 Jun 2011 05:58:10 +0100 4897380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4897382&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyx8315t1q7713010%2F Abstract  Elevated serum levels of the phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are found in patients with phosphate wasting diseases and chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). These diseases are associated with rickets and renal osteodystrophy, respectively. FGF23 is secreted from osteoblastic cells and signals through FGFRs, membrane coreceptor alpha-Klotho (Klotho), and, possibly, a circulating form of Klotho. Despite the absence of detectable Klotho on osteoblastic cells, studies have suggested that forced FGF23 expression in osteoblasts inhibited mineralization. Thus, we examined the effects of exogenously applied FGF23 on osteoblastic MC3T3.E1 cell proliferation and differentiation, with and without soluble Klotho. MC3T3.E1... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4897382 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 06:06:44 +0100 4897382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4897383&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft6702417778053l2%2F The objective of this 18-month prospective study was to investigate the effect of teriparatide [rhPTH(1–34)] in 25 female osteoporotics who were inadequate responders to oral bisphosphonates and to correlate microarchitectural changes in three consecutive iliac crest biopsies measured by micro-computed tomography (μCT) with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone serum markers. Scanned biopsies at baseline (M0), 6 months (M6), and 18 months (M18) demonstrated early significant (P < 0.01) increases in bone volume per tissue volume (+34%) and trabecular number (+14%) at M6 with only moderate changes in most μCT structural parameters between M6 and M18. μCT-measured bone tissue density was significantly decreased at M18, expressing an overall lower degree of tissu... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4897383 Fri, 27 May 2011 18:12:03 +0100 4897383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4897384&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F53508401r3x02775%2F In this study, we examined whether NO causes the IL-12- and IL-18-induced apoptosis of bone marrow cells in TNF-α-mediated osteoclast formation. We found that NO production was induced in bone marrow cells cultured with IL-12 and IL-18 in the presence of TNF-α. When bone marrow cells were cultured with TNF-α, osteoclasts were formed. In contrast, when bone marrow cells were cultured with both TNF-α and IL-12 or IL-18, the adherent cells were induced to undergo apoptosis. Apoptosis was partially inhibited when bone marrow cells were treated with NO synthase inhibitors. Furthermore, IL-12 and IL-18 synergistically induced cell death and upregulated NO production in the presence of TNF-α. These results indicate that the simultaneous effects of TNF-α and IL-12 or IL-18 on bone marr... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4897384 Tue, 24 May 2011 16:04:19 +0100 4897384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4897385&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd78x13764314jp16%2F Abstract  How parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases bone mass is unclear, but understanding this phenomenon is significant to the improvement of osteoporosis therapy. Nmp4/CIZ is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transcriptional repressor that suppresses PTH-induced osteoblast gene expression and hormone-stimulated gains in murine femoral trabecular bone. To further characterize Nmp4/CIZ suppression of hormone-mediated bone growth, we treated 10-week-old Nmp4-knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice with intermittent human PTH(1–34) at 30 μg/kg daily or vehicle, 7 days/week, for 2, 3, or 7 weeks. Null mice treated with hormone (7 weeks) gained more vertebral and tibial cancellous bone than WT animals, paralleling the exaggerated response in the femur. Interesti... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4897385 Tue, 24 May 2011 05:53:44 +0100 4897385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4849232&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp138h81102109902%2F Abstract  The full range of fracture risk determinants arise from each hierarchical level comprising the organization of bone. Raman spectroscopy is one tool capable of characterizing the collagen and mineral phases at a near submicron-length scale, but the ability of Raman spectra to distinguish compositional differences of bone is not well defined. Therefore, we analyzed multiple Raman peak intensities and peak ratios to characterize their ability to distinguish between the typically less mineralized osteonal tissue and the more mineralized interstitial tissue in intracortical human bone. To further assess origins of variance, we collected Raman spectra from embedded specimens and for two orientations of cut. Per specimen, Raman peak intensities or ratios were averaged am... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4849232 Thu, 19 May 2011 16:33:44 +0100 4849232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4849233&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7853454u17211j87%2F Abstract  Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) predominantly afflict women of childbearing age. Defects in mechanical loading-induced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) remodeling are believed to be a major etiological factor in the development of TMD. The goal of this study was to determine if there are sex differences in CD-1 and C57BL/6 mice exposed to a decreased occlusal loading TMJ remodeling model. Male and female CD-1 and C57BL/6 mice, 21 days old, were each divided into two groups. They were fed either a normal pellet diet (normal loading) or a soft diet and had their incisors trimmed out of occlusion (decreased occlusal loading) for 4 weeks. The mandibular condylar cartilage was evaluated by histology, and the subchondral bone was evaluated by micro-CT an... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4849233 Thu, 19 May 2011 16:33:43 +0100 4849233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4834590&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr6g02115m50h3104%2F This study evaluated the synergistic osteogenic effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and Nel-like molecule-1 (Nell-1) genes in a rabbit maxillary sinus floor elevation model. Bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) were cultured and transduced with AdEGFP, AdNell-1, AdBMP-2, or AdNell-1 + AdBMP-2 overexpression virus. These gene-modified autologous bMSCs were then combined with a β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granule scaffold and used to elevate the maxillary sinus floor in rabbits. bMSCs cotransduced with AdNell-1 + AdBMP-2 demonstrated a synergistic effect on osteogenic differentiation as detected by real-time PCR analysis on markers of runt-related transcription factor-2, osteocalcin, collagen type 1, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposits i... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4834590 Mon, 16 May 2011 08:42:24 +0100 4834590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4834591&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6145w6845t8275wm%2F In conclusion, in this study we observed that in patients with mild PHPT treatment with bisphosphonates is associated with the expected changes in bone-turnover markers and that the significant increases of both hip and spine BMD are partially maintained for at least 2 years after treatment discontinuation at the vertebral site. The marked increases in serum PTH levels, particularly in subjects with low 25OHD levels, persist after treatment discontinuation and this raises the suspicion that this might reflect a worsening of PHPT. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9489-xAuthors Maurizio Rossini, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, OCM Borgo Trento, P.le Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, ItalyOmbretta Viapiana, Rheumatology Unit, ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4834591 Thu, 12 May 2011 16:44:49 +0100 4834591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4816030&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd502u5370782426w%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structure and material properties of native mandibular bone and those of early regenerate bone, produced by bone transport distraction osteogenesis. Ten adult foxhounds were divided into two groups of five animals each. In all animals, a 3- to 4-cm defect was created on one side of the mandible. A bone transport reconstruction plate, consisting of a reconstruction plate with an attached intraoral transport unit, was utilized to stabilize the mandible and regenerate bone at a rate of 1 mm/day. After the distraction period was finished, the animals were killed at 6 and 12 weeks of consolidation. Micro-computed tomography was used to assess the morphometric and structural indices of regenerate bone and matching ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4816030 Tue, 10 May 2011 06:01:23 +0100 4816030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4791638&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7x50432002774023%2F In conclusion, calpain is a critical modulator for regulation of p27Kip1 in cells of the osteoblast lineage. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9491-3Authors Aki Kashiwagi, Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Thier 10, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USAMikaela J. Fein, Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Thier 10, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USAMasako Shimada, Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Thier 10, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA Journal Calcified Tissue InternationalOnline ISSN 1432-0827Print ISSN 0171-967X (Source: Calcified Tissue Internatio... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4791638 Wed, 04 May 2011 14:53:59 +0100 4791638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4791639&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F01740127q623r55u%2F In this study, the effect of cinacalcet on parathyroid cell proliferation was analyzed in PHPT mice. Cinacalcet (1 mg/g) was mixed into the rodent diet and orally administrated to 80-week-old PHPT mice for 10 days before death. 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU, 6 mg/day) was infused by an osmotic pump for 5 days before death, followed by immunostaining of the thyroid–parathyroid complex using an anti-BrdU antibody to estimate parathyroid cell proliferation. Compared to untreated PHPT mice, cinacalcet significantly suppressed both serum calcium and PTH. The proportion of BrdU-positive cells to the total cell number in the parathyroid glands increased considerably in untreated PHPT mice (9.5 ± 3.1%) compared to wild-type mice (0.7 ± 0.1%) and ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4791639 Tue, 03 May 2011 19:46:14 +0100 4791639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784650&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx08710427026t724%2F This study provides genetic evidence that both sex and skeletal site are critical determinants of EGR-1 activity in vivo and that its site-specific action may contribute to the mechanical properties of bone. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9486-0Authors Marie K. Reumann, Bone Cell Biology and Imaging Laboratory, Caspary Research Building, Rm. 623, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USAOlga Strachna, Bone Cell Biology and Imaging Laboratory, Caspary Research Building, Rm. 623, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USALyudmila Lukashova, Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USAKostas Verdelis, Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784650 Sun, 01 May 2011 15:32:05 +0100 4784650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784651&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F25n61tkm364j3288%2F Abstract  Activation of the Gs G protein–coupled receptor Rs1 in osteoblasts increases bone mineral density by 5- to 15-fold in mice and recapitulates histologic aspects of fibrous dysplasia of the bone. However, the effects of constitutive Gs signaling on bone tissue quality are not known. The goal of this study was to determine bone tissue quality in mice resulting from osteoblast-specific constitutive Gs activation, by the complementary techniques of FTIR spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRμCT). Col1(2.3)-tTA/TetO-Rs1 double transgenic (DT) mice, which showed osteoblast-specific constitutive Gs signaling activity by the Rs1 receptor, were created. Femora and calvariae of DT and wild-type (WT) mice (6 and 15 weeks old) were analyzed ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784651 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 10:55:33 +0100 4784651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4750005&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpv5t25735j0k283p%2F Abstract  We synthesized fusion proteins of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1–33) and the collagen binding domain of ColH (CBD) and tested them for anabolic bone activity in mice. Two fusion proteins were synthesized, linking the carboxy terminus of PTH(1–33) either directly to the amino terminal of the CBD or to the CBD through an adjacent ColH domain (PTH-PKD-CBD). Both PTH-CBD and PTH-PKD-CBD increased cAMP accumulation in cells stably transfected with the PTH/PTHrP receptor, and both peptides bound to type 1 collagen in flow-through assays. Distribution studies indicated that the PTH-CBD was concentrated in the bone and skin, tissues with abundant collagen and blood flow. Administration of 320 μg/kg PTH-CBD either weekly (for 8 weeks) or monthly (for 6 mon... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4750005 Thu, 21 Apr 2011 18:00:36 +0100 4750005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4745507&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff6628g7268320w56%2F Abstract  The aim of this study was to determine the influence of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-3, and IGF-I on calcaneal ultrasound parameters in middle-aged and elderly European men. Men aged 40–79 years were recruited from population registers for participation in the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). Subjects were invited by letter to complete a postal questionnaire and to attend for an interviewer-assisted questionnaire, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus, and a fasting blood sample from which serum levels of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, IGF-I, estradiol (E2), and SHBG were assayed. The questionnaires included the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and questions about smoking and alcohol consumption. Estimated bone mine... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4745507 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 07:13:52 +0100 4745507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4745508&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk32045pm16811586%2F This study suggests that AGE collagen cross-links strongly associate with disorders of bone metabolism in dialysis patients. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9488-yAuthors Jun Mitome, Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, JapanHiroyasu Yamamoto, Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, JapanMitsuru Saito, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanKeitaro Yokoyama, Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4745508 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 15:56:24 +0100 4745508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4706215&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp5q3632332553402%2F Abstract  Vitamin D insufficiency is common in patients with osteoporosis. We conducted a randomized trial comparing alendronate 70 mg combined with vitamin D3 5,600 IU in a single tablet (ALN/D5600, n = 257) with standard care chosen by the patients’ personal physicians (n = 258) in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (BMD T score ≤2.5 or ≤1.5 and a prior fragility fracture) who had vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25[OH]D values 8–20 ng/ml) and who were at risk of falls. Virtually all patients randomized to standard care received bisphosphonate therapy, and in approximately 70% of cases this was combined with vitamin D supplements. However, only 24% took ≥800 IU/day of supplemental vitamin D. At 6 months the proport... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4706215 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 15:41:08 +0100 4706215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4706216&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu146125144v5q25w%2F This study controlled for common genetic factors and applied only to environmental factors, using 185 MZ twin pairs aged 30–50 years (140 male subjects, 230 female subjects). As expected, total lean mass (TLM) was greater in males and total fat mass (TFM) was greater in females. In male twins, TLM was associated with BMD at the legs, pelvis, and spine, with percent BMD increases of 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17–0.64), 0.62 (95% CI 0.35–0.89), and 0.27 (95% CI 0.01–0.54) for every 1 kg. In female twins, TFM was associated with BMD at the legs and pelvis, with percent BMD increases of 0.10 (95% CI 0.03–0.17) and 0.10 (95% CI 0.02–0.18) for every 1 kg. The results support the hypothesis that skeletal muscle and bone mass in middle-aged men are linked... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4706216 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 16:59:23 +0100 4706216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4678697&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2g13056233167202%2F Abstract  Use of antidepressant medications has been associated with increased risk of fracture, but prior studies have been limited by incomplete control of confounders or a limited number of fractures. Use of antidepressant medications by 8,217 community-dwelling women aged 69 and older from a population-based prospective cohort study at four US clinical centers was assessed by interview at four examinations over a 10-year period, beginning in 1992–1994. Use was coded as a time-dependent variable. Incident fractures occurring after the initial medication assessment until July 2007 were confirmed by radiographic reports. Potential confounders were included in multivariable models and updated at each follow-up visit. Compared to nonusers of antidepressant medications, wom... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4678697 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 17:40:38 +0100 4678697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4678696&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fau9008m255w73j21%2F In conclusion, young mice overexpressing Runx2 have high bone turnover-induced osteopenia and spontaneous fractures. Ris at 20 μg/kg weekly induced an increase in bone mass, changes in bone microarchitecture, and decreased vertebral fractures. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9480-6Authors Valerie Geoffroy, INSERM U606, University Paris Diderot, Hôpital Lariboisière, Centre Viggo Petersen, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, FranceEleftherios P. Paschalis, Ludwig Boltzman Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK, Heinrich Collin-Str. 30, 1140 Vienna, AustriaHelene Libouban, INSERM U922, LHEA Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Haute de Reculée, 49045 Angers Cedex, FranceStephane Blouin, Ludwig Boltzman Institute of Osteology at the Hanusc... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4678696 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 17:40:38 +0100 4678696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4672820&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6t4hq50413712512%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9479-zAuthors Geeta Hampson, Department of Chemical Pathology/Metabolic Bone Clinic, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH UK Journal Calcified Tissue InternationalOnline ISSN 1432-0827Print ISSN 0171-967X (Source: Calcified Tissue International) Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4672820 Wed, 30 Mar 2011 23:54:04 +0100 4672820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633404&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm156mx6288u74603%2F This study evaluated the efficacy of GTPs at mitigating bone loss and microstructure deterioration along with related mechanisms in androgen-deficient aged rats, a model of male osteoporosis. A 2 (sham vs. orchidectomy) × 2 (no GTP and 0.5% GTP in drinking water) factorial design was studied for 16 weeks using 40 aged male rats. An additional 10 rats (baseline group) were killed at the beginning of study to provide baseline parameters. There was no difference in femoral mineral density between baseline and the sham only group. Orchidectomy suppressed serum testosterone and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase concentrations, liver glutathione peroxidase activity, bone mineral density, and bone strength. Orchidectomy also decreased trabecular bone volume, number, and th... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633404 Tue, 22 Mar 2011 18:11:22 +0100 4633404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4618232&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3q815p2414246293%2F Abstract  Osteocytes are recognized as having a pivotal role in bone tissue homeostasis, and stimuli that increase osteocyte death result in decreased bone tissue quality. Previous in vitro studies have shown that mechanical stimulation prevents osteocyte death; however, in vivo evidence of this protective effect is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate if mechanical stimulation provided by voluntary exercise reduces osteocyte death caused by estrogen deficiency. Thirty-two female Wistar rats (5 months old) were either sacrificed as baseline controls (BSL, n = 7), ovariectomized or sham-operated and housed in cages with a voluntary running wheel (OVXEX, n = 7; SHAMEX, n = 6), or ovariectomized or sham-operated and housed in stand... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4618232 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 18:32:54 +0100 4618232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4618234&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj3g0l67441552510%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9478-0Authors James Mahon, Osteoporosis Treatment and Bone Protection Clinic, Department of Medicine for the Elderly, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, IrelandMiriam Casey, Osteoporosis Treatment and Bone Protection Clinic, Department of Medicine for the Elderly, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland Journal Calcified Tissue InternationalOnline ISSN 1432-0827Print ISSN 0171-967X (Source: Calcified Tissue International) Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4618234 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 18:32:53 +0100 4618234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537637&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv3488r14q5g2qr50%2F In conclusion, in vivo SRCT has potential use for detecting short-term bone dynamics of small animals. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9475-3Authors Takeshi Matsumoto, Division of Bioengineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering Science, Machikaneyama-cho 1-3, Toyonaka, 560-8531 JapanKen Nishikawa, Division of Bioengineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering Science, Machikaneyama-cho 1-3, Toyonaka, 560-8531 JapanMasao Tanaka, Division of Bioengineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering Science, Machikaneyama-cho 1-3, Toyonaka, 560-8531 JapanKentaro Uesugi, SPring-8/Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Kouto, 679-5198 Japan Journal Calcified Tissue InternationalOnline ISSN 1432-0827Print ISS... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537637 Sat, 26 Feb 2011 15:20:21 +0100 4537637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4509076&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg42050584r44155w%2F We examined whether chick osteocyte data can be applied to other species. We used mice for comparison because they are common clinical tools in biomedical research and useful for future study. We analyzed the three-dimensional (3D) osteocyte network and gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in living embryonic calvaria for the anatomical features. Embryonic parietal bones were stained with fluorescently labeled phalloidin and observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. GJIC between osteocytes in chick and mouse parietal bone was assessed using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). The values for one chick and mouse osteocyte, respectively, were calculated as follows: cell processes 1,131 ± 139 μm, 2,668 ± 596 μm; surfa... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4509076 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 17:05:06 +0100 4509076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4499096&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk4h805626226j333%2F Abstract  The fatigue life of a structure is also influenced by its size. Statistically, a bone from a large animal is expected to bear a higher risk of stress fracture if compared to the same bone from a small animal of the same species. This is not documented in the dog, where individuals can have a 40 times difference in body mass. We investigated the effect of body size on cortical bone microdamage accumulation, cortical microstructural organization (porosity, osteon area, and osteocyte lacunar density), and turnover in dogs with a wide body mass range. The aim was to understand and mathematically model how the bone tissue copes with the microdamage accumulation linked to body mass increase. Calcified transverse cortical sections of 18 canine radii of remarkably differen... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4499096 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 17:04:18 +0100 4499096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4499097&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj716162r77kp6632%2F Abstract  Additional fractures after hip fracture are common, but little is known about the risk factors associated with these events. We determined the clinical risk factors associated with fracture following a low-trauma hip fracture and whether clinical risk factors for subsequent fracture were modified by zoledronic acid (ZOL). In this post hoc analysis of the HORIZON Recurrent Fracture trial, 2,127 men and women were randomized within 90 days of surgical hip fracture repair to receive intravenous ZOL 5 mg yearly or placebo. All patients received a loading dose of vitamin D and daily oral calcium and vitamin D supplements. In the multivariable model age, sex, BMI, femoral neck T score, and one or more fall risk factors were significant predictors of subsequent ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4499097 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 17:04:16 +0100 4499097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4491677&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp624656770365q78%2F This study was conducted to clarify the effects of GC on bone strength and collagen cross-links of adult rats and the effect of coadministration of alfacalcidol (ALF), a prodrug of active vitamin D3. Six-month-old male Wistar-Imamichi rats (n = 32) were divided into the following four groups with equal average body weight: (1) 4-week age-matched controls, (2) 4-week GC (prednisolone, 10 mg/kg daily, i.m.) with concomitant administration of vehicle, (3) 4-week GC with concomitant administration of ALF (0.05 μg/kg daily, p.o.), and (4) 4-week GC with concomitant administration of ALF (0.1 μg/kg daily, p.o.). At the end of treatment, BMD, collagen cross-links, mechanical properties of the femoral midshaft, bone metabolic markers, and biochemical parameters wer... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4491677 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 07:07:49 +0100 4491677 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4491679&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F66155u86841242p8%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9469-1Authors Nop M. B. K. Willems, Department of Orthodontics, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The NetherlandsGeerling E. J. Langenbach, Department of Functional Anatomy, Research Institute MOVE, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The NetherlandsVincent Everts, Department of Oral Cell Biology, Research Institute MOVE, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The NetherlandsLars Mulder, Department of Functional Anatomy, Research Institute MOVE, Academic Cente... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4491679 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 07:07:48 +0100 4491679 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4491678&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn630702717jl7l87%2F Abstract  Alendronate (AL) is commonly used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporotic fractures. Little is known about the effects of AL administration on osteoclast differentiation from human marrow progenitor cells. We used marrow discarded during orthopedic surgery to test the hypothesis that cultures of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMCs) from subjects receiving AL (+AL) may differ from control subjects with respect to in vitro osteoclast differentiation and regulatory factors. The number of osteoclasts generated in BMC cultures from control subjects was 4.7-fold greater than that from +AL subjects (P = 0.015). RANKL expression in +AL BMCs was 57% of that in controls (P = 0.001), and OPG expression in +AL BMCs was greater than in controls... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4491678 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 07:07:48 +0100 4491678 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4485766&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F52g2m3306x086248%2F Abstract  The pathogenesis of primary osteoporosis in younger individuals is still elusive. An important determinant of the biomechanical competence of bone is its material quality. In this retrospective study we evaluated bone material quality based on quantitative backscattered electron imaging to assess bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) in bone biopsies of 25 male patients (aged 18–61 years) who sustained fragility fractures but were otherwise healthy. BMDD of cancellous bone was compared with previously established adult reference data. Complementary information was obtained by bone histomorphometry. The histomorphometric results showed a paucity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts on the bone surface in the majority of patients. BMDD revealed a significa... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4485766 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 07:05:16 +0100 4485766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4485767&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flk645v84t4x48228%2F Abstract  In vitro models of osteogenesis are essential for investigating bone biology and the effects of pharmaceutical, chemical, and physical cues on bone formation. Osteogenesis takes place in a complex three-dimensional (3D) environment with cells from both mesenchymal and hematopoietic origins. Existing in vitro models of osteogenesis include two-dimensional (2D) single type cell monolayers and 3D cultures. However, an in vitro scaffold-free multicellular 3D model of osteogenesis is missing. We hypothesized that the self-inductive ossification capacity of bone marrow tissue can be harnessed in vitro and employed as a scaffold-free multicellular 3D model of osteogenesis. Therefore, rat bone marrow tissue was cultured for 28 days in three settings: 2D monolayer, 3D... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4485767 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 07:05:15 +0100 4485767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4461639&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F893kg47w47n23795%2F In conclusion, our data suggest that a short course of ROS at this dose cannot prevent the ZOL-induced APR among osteoporotic women. Milder changes in acute-phase laboratory parameters in ROSU+ patients suggest that studies with higher doses may be warranted. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9468-2Authors Polyzois Makras, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 251 Hellenic Air Force and VA General Hospital, 3 Kanellopoulou St, 115 25 Athens, GreeceAthanasios D. Anastasilakis, Department of Endocrinology, 424 Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, GreeceStergios A. Polyzos, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, GreeceIlias Bisbinas, First Department of Orthopaedics, 424 Mili... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4461639 Tue, 08 Feb 2011 21:46:05 +0100 4461639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4440046&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa7n1110845558024%2F Abstract  Mutations in the phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked, gene (PHEX), which encodes a zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is involved in bone mineralization and renal phosphate reabsorption, cause the most common form of hypophosphatemic rickets, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH). The distribution of PHEX mutations is extensive, but few mutations have been identified in Chinese with XLH. We extracted genomic DNA and total RNA from leukocytes obtained from nine unrelated Chinese subjects (three males and six females, age range 11–36 years) who were living in Taiwan. The PHEX gene was amplified from DNA by PCR, and the amplicons were directly sequenced. Expression studies were performed by reverse-transcription PCR of leukocyte RNA. Serum leve... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4440046 Fri, 04 Feb 2011 03:33:03 +0100 4440046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4440047&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyx722w1541262824%2F In conclusion, vitamin D insufficiency was found to be related to prevalent fracture risk independently of PTH. Functional hypoparathyroidism, rather than functional hyperparathyroidism, might be a risk factor for bone fragility in vitamin D insufficiency. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00223-011-9464-6Authors Mika Yamauchi, Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, JapanHiroshi Kaji, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, JapanKiyoko Nawata, Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, JapanShin Takaoka, Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, JapanToru Yamaguchi, ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4440047 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 07:11:23 +0100 4440047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4416189&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F40854727wp547475%2F Abstract  Genetic factors are thought to maintain bone mass in socioeconomically disadvantaged black South Africans. We compared bone mass between environmentally disadvantaged black and advantaged white children and their parents, after determining the most appropriate method by which to correct bone mineral content (BMC) for size. We collected data from 419 healthy black and white children of mean age 10.6 years (range 10.0–10.9), 406 biological mothers, and 100 biological fathers. Whole-body, femoral neck, lumbar spine, and mid- and distal one-third of radius bone area (BA) and BMC were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Power coefficients (PCs) were calculated from the linear-regression analyses of ln(BMC) on ln(BA) and used to correct site-specific BMC for... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4416189 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 17:36:11 +0100 4416189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4430424&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk23n653n77348502%2F The objective of this study was to investigate the hierarchical structure of mineral in mature bone. A method to completely deproteinize bone without altering the original structure is developed, and the completion is confirmed by protein analysis techniques. Stereoscopy and field emission electron microscopy are used to examine the structural features from submillimeter- to micrometer- to nanometer-length scales of bovine femur cancellous bone. Stereoscopic images of fully deproteinized and demineralized bovine femur cancellous bone samples show that fine trabecular architecture is unaltered and the microstructural features are preserved, indicating the structural integrity of mineral and protein constituents. SEM revealed that bone minerals are fused together and form a sheet-like ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4430424 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 17:36:10 +0100 4430424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4402152&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjjv370m757h561h8%2F We examined the effect of Runx2 on transdifferentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into functional, mature osteoblasts. Forced expression of exogenous Runx2 using a retroviral gene-delivery system showed increases of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of the osteoblastic marker genes osteocalcin (OC), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osterix (Osx), accompanied by low-level matrix mineralization. In contrast, adipocytic differentiation was completely blocked with downregulation of adipogenic transcription factors PPARγ2, C/EBPα, and C/EBPδ. Treatment of dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid, stimulated the formation of mineralized nodules in Runx2-overexpressing 3T3-L1 cells with increases of ALP, OC, BSP, and Osx expression. Here, we focused on a dual specific ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4402152 Sat, 22 Jan 2011 07:57:54 +0100 4402152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4402153&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk10j57505086j263%2F Abstract  A decreased risk of breast cancer has been reported among patients given bisphosphonates. The present aims were to study potential associations between different antiosteoporosis drugs, including bisphosphonates, and the risk of breast cancer before and after start of treatment and to appraise possible dose–effect relationships. From national Danish registers, all female users of bisphosphonates aged ≥40 years and other drugs against osteoporosis between 1996 and 2006 were identified (n = 87,104). This cohort was compared with a control group, where each patient was matched on age with three nonexposed women from the general population (n = 261,322). Before start of most drugs against osteoporosis an increased risk of breast cancer ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4402153 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 15:18:06 +0100 4402153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4402154&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3355367177333573%2F This study confirms that bone responsiveness to GH replacement in adult GHD varies as a function of sex even after controlling for potential confounders and highlights the importance of other cofactors that may affect the interaction between GH replacement therapy and bone remodeling. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00223-010-9459-8Authors Alessandro Rossini, Endocrinology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, ItalyRoberto Lanzi, Endocrinology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, ItalyMarco Losa, Neurosurgery Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, ItalyMarcella Sirtori, Bone Metabolic Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, ItalyE... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4402154 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 15:18:05 +0100 4402154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4402155&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj25t3677vw746v00%2F Abstract  Calcium plus vitamin D (CaD) supplementation has a modest but significant effect on slowing loss of femoral bone mass and reducing risk of hip fractures in adherent postmenopausal women. The goal of this study was to determine if CaD supplementation influences hip structural parameters that are associated with fracture risk. We studied 1,970 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial of CaD at one of three bone mineral density (BMD) clinical centers. Hip structural analysis software measured BMD and strength parameters on DXA scans at three regions: femoral narrow neck, intertrochanter, and shaft. Random effects models were used to test the average differences in hip BMD and geometry between intervention and placeb... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4402155 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 15:18:03 +0100 4402155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4402156&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F28467k5755215453%2F We examined the effect of human PTH(1–34) on implant fixation in an experimental gap model. We inserted cylindrical (10 × 6 mm) porous coated titanium alloy implants in a concentric 1-mm gap in normal cancellous bone of proximal tibia in 20 canines. Animals were randomized to treatment with PTH(1–34) 5 μg/kg daily. After 4 weeks, fixation was evaluated by histomorphometry and push-out test. Bone volume was increased significantly in the gap. In the outer gap (500 μm), the bone volume fraction median (interquartile range) was 27% (20–37%) for PTH and 10% (6–14%) for control. In the inner gap, the bone volume fraction was 33% (26–36%) for PTH and 13% (11–18%) for control. At the implant interface, the bone fraction improved with 16% (11–20... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4402156 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 15:18:02 +0100 4402156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374392&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9294agp2121ut5lv%2F Content Type Journal Article Journal Calcified Tissue InternationalOnline ISSN 1432-0827Print ISSN 0171-967X (Source: Calcified Tissue International) Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374392 Thu, 20 Jan 2011 18:35:11 +0100 4374392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4325316&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F703g848548360m52%2F Abstract  The role of exercise in promoting bone health is typically attributed to increased mechanical loading, which induces functional adaptation. Recent evidence suggests that habitual aerobic exercise has influence at the cellular level as well. The effect of aerobic capacity on osteoblast-lineage cell differentiation and function as well as skeletal phenotype is unknown. Using a rat model of high-capacity and low-capacity runners (HCRs and LCRs, respectively), in which an intrinsic functional genomic difference in aerobic capacity exists between nontrained animals, this study evaluated the effects of aerobic capacity on measures of bone mass and strength as well as osteoblast activity following ovariectomy. The ovariectomized rat emulates the clinical features of the ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4325316 Thu, 06 Jan 2011 17:57:41 +0100 4325316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4319948&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp55t15j48766n784%2F Abstract  Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is characterized by ectopic bone formation in the spinal ligaments. We previously reported that P2 purinoceptor Y1 (P2Y1) expression is elevated in the spinal ligament cells of OPLL patients, but the role of P2Y1 in the spinal ligament calcification process is unknown. To verify the hypothesis that P2Y1 expression causes ossification of the spinal ligaments, we forced expression of P2Y1 in spinal ligament cells obtained from OPLL and non-OPLL patients using a cytomegaloviral vector. The expression of mRNA and protein was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. After transfection, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and So... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319948 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 16:54:18 +0100 4319948 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4319950&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj3188177v4333303%2F Abstract  Osteocalcin (OC) has been proposed as a regulator of insulin sensitivity in both humans and other animals. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by high OC levels and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether in PHPT the link between OC levels and blood markers of insulin resistance was maintained. In a consecutive series of 219 adult PHPT patients, serum OC as well as fasting insulin and glucose levels were measured. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA2-S%). The same parameters were evaluated in a subgroup of 45 patients after parathyroidectomy (PTX). PHPT patients were characterized by markedly high OC levels. After subdividing them according to glucose tolerance, it was found that OC was ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319950 Tue, 04 Jan 2011 17:49:52 +0100 4319950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4319949&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F321608r644g016x2%2F Abstract  Adequate bone formation is assured by the coordinated proliferation, migration, differentiation, and secretory functions of osteoblasts. Epidemiological studies have linked insufficient dietary magnesium (Mg) intake to osteoporosis. Here, we investigated the role of melastatin-like transient receptor potential 7 (TRPM7), a calcium (Ca) and Mg channel, in osteoblastic differentiation of the murine MC3T3 cell line. Osteoblastic differentiation was monitored by alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin gene expression, and extracellular matrix mineralization. Gene expression of TRPM7 increased with osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting the importance of intracellular Ca/Mg homeostasis to cell differentiation. Alteration of intracellular Ca/Mg homeostasis by cultu... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319949 Tue, 04 Jan 2011 17:49:52 +0100 4319949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4301347&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F06m1577485689327%2F Abstract  The serum protein prothrombin (PT) is proteolytically converted to thrombin during the coagulation cascade by the cell-associated prothrombinase complex. In vitro, RANKL-differentiated osteoclasts express tissue factor and coagulation factor Xa, which convert PT to thrombin (Karlstrom et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 394:593–599, 2010). The present study investigated the localization of PT in bone as well as the expression of PT mRNA in bone and osteoclasts. Herein, immunoblot analysis detected PT and smaller proteolytically cleaved fragments with sizes consistent with the action of prothrombinase in a protein fraction extracted with guanidine-HCl EDTA from mouse tibia. Light microscopic and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of PT in... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4301347 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 17:08:42 +0100 4301347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288051&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F39l37767h30tu854%2F In conclusion, PTH levels in the upper part or above the upper level of the reference interval increase risk of fracture in the presence of low vitamin D levels. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-010-9454-0Authors Lars Rejnmark, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkPeter Vestergaard, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkChristine Brot, The Osteoporosis and Metabolic Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, DenmarkLeif Mosekilde, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 800... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288051 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 20:10:38 +0100 4288051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288050&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3n225n4751421466%2F Abstract  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of antenatally administered glucocorticoids on bone status of preterm infants at 1 year corrected age. The study population consisted of 32 preterm infants with a gestational age of 24–34 weeks. The infants were divided into two groups according to antenatal exposure to corticosteroids. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) assessment of bone was performed in the study infants at the corrected age of 1 year. Blood levels of carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) were measured at birth and at 1 year corrected age. Levels of PICP and ICTP were significantly lower at birth in corticosteroid-exposed neonates (P < 0.05... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288050 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 20:10:38 +0100 4288050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4279243&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy74678821qm28276%2F Abstract  The aim of this study was to determine whether the bone-resorption response to anastrozole differed according to initial patient age in postmenopausal women with breast cancer in a cross-sectional study. Second-morning void urines were collected for measurement of urinary cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (uNTx, corrected for creatinine and log-transformed) from postmenopausal women, 99 with breast cancer on anastrozole (ABC), 88 with newly diagnosed breast cancer (NDBC), and 137 community-dwelling healthy control (HC) women. Bone mineral density (BMD) was also measured at the lumbar spine (LS, L2–L4) and the femoral neck (FN) in the ABC group. uNTx (nanomole bone collagen equivalents/millimole creatinine) levels increased with age in HC subjects. In... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4279243 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 15:19:35 +0100 4279243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4273740&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm244300h523370p1%2F Abstract  Mechanical loading induces positive changes in the skeleton due to direct effects on bone cells, which may include regulation of transcription factors that support osteoblast differentiation and function. Flow effects on osteoblast transcription factors have generally been evaluated after short exposures. In this work, we assayed flow effects on osteogenic genes at early and late time points in a preosteoblast (CIMC-4) cell line and evaluated both steady and oscillatory flows. Four hours of steady unidirectional flow decreased the level of RANKL mRNA 53 ± 7% below that of nonflowed cells, but increases in Runx2 and osterix mRNA (44 ± 22% and 129 ± 12%, respectively) were significant only after 12–19 h of continuous flow. Late flow effects on RANKL and os... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4273740 Thu, 16 Dec 2010 18:23:58 +0100 4273740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4269166&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff2k358k342744272%2F Abstract  We studied whether the reduction in bone turnover by use of antiresorptive drugs is detrimental in patients with diabetes who already have low bone turnover due to hyperglycemia in a nationwide cohort study from Denmark. All users of antiresorptive drugs against osteoporosis between 1996 and 2006 (n = 103,562) were the exposed group, with three age- and gender-matched controls from the general population (n = 310,683). Patients on bisphosphonates and raloxifene had a higher risk of hip, spine, and forearm fractures. However, no difference was observed in the antifracture efficacy between patients with diabetes and nondiabetic controls or between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Too few were users of strontium to allow analysis for this c... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4269166 Wed, 15 Dec 2010 19:07:57 +0100 4269166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4269167&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn13224v21k208227%2F In conclusion, selective CaSR activation, either by extracellular calcium or AMG 641, increased MGP expression in vivo in the arterial wall and in vitro in bovine VSMCs. This local upregulation of MGP expression provides one potential mechanism by which calcimimetics prevent VC. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-010-9442-4Authors Francisco J. Mendoza, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugia Animal, Universidad de Cordoba, Campus Universitario Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cadiz km 396, 14014, Cordoba, SpainJulio Martinez-Moreno, Unidad de Investigacion, Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Avda Menedez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, SpainYolanda Almaden, Unidad de Investigacion, Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Avda Menedez Pidal s/n... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4269167 Wed, 15 Dec 2010 19:07:56 +0100 4269167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4269168&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fev2578664484v052%2F Abstract  Human deciduous teeth have been proposed as a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells for application in bone and dental tissue engineering. We established cultures of mesenchymal stem cells from the pulp of human deciduous teeth (deciduous teeth stem cells, DTSCs) and analyzed their morphologic, growth, immunophenotypic, and osteo/odontogenic differentiation characteristics using different isolation methods and culturing environments. We compared the biologic behavior of DTSCs isolated either by enzymatic dissociation (DTSCs-ED) or by direct outgrowth from pulp tissue explants (DTSCs-OG). We found that different isolation methods give rise to different populations/lineages of cells with respect to their phenotypic and differentiation characteristics. DTSCs-ED ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4269168 Tue, 14 Dec 2010 06:44:00 +0100 4269168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4247393&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff680x3rp11681211%2F In conclusion, SrR stimulates callus formation but has no effect on callus remodeling. Sr is incorporated into the newly formed callus tissue, but this has no deteriorating effect on the mechanical properties of rat tibial fractures at either the macroscopic or nanoscopic level after 3 or 8 weeks of healing. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00223-010-9439-zAuthors Annemarie Brüel, Institute of Anatomy, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, Building 1233, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkJakob Olsen, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkHenrik Birkedal, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkMalene Risager, Institute of Anatomy, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, Building 1233, 8000 Aarhu... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4247393 Wed, 08 Dec 2010 18:09:13 +0100 4247393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4243443&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq5003u0243576337%2F Abstract  We studied the effect of raloxifene (RAL) on arthritis and bone mineral density (BMD) in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Seven-month-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups: rats without CIA (CNT), CIA rats that underwent ovariectomy (OVX) and were treated with RAL (CIA + OVX + RAL), CIA rats that underwent OVX and were treated with vehicle (CIA + OVX + Veh), CIA rats that had sham surgery and were treated with RAL (CIA + sham + RAL), and CIA rats that had sham surgery and were treated with vehicle (CIA + sham + Veh). RAL was orally administered at 10 mg/kg every day for 3 weeks, beginning 1 week after initial sensitization until death a... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4243443 Tue, 07 Dec 2010 13:45:28 +0100 4243443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4239700&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F425288167w3kk7h1%2F In conclusion, the C/T−13910 polymorphism was associated with trabecular density at the distal radius and tibia in men. These differences may be due to the differences in calcium intake between the lactase genotypes. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-010-9440-6Authors Sanna Tolonen, Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandMarika Laaksonen, Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandVera Mikkilä, Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandHarri Sievänen, UKK Institute, Tampere, FinlandNina Mononen, Departme... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4239700 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 18:44:15 +0100 4239700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4239701&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk32ht7375m874026%2F Abstract  The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of vitamin K2 on cancellous and cortical bone mass in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. Twenty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 12 weeks were randomized by the weight-stratified method into the following three groups: age-matched control group, STZ + vehicle group, and STZ + vitamin K2 group. STZ (40 + 50 mg/kg) was administered intravenously twice during the initial 1-week period. Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone, 30 mg/kg) was administered orally 5 days a week. After 12 weeks of treatment, the serum glucose concentration and femoral length and weight were measured and histomorphometric analysis was performed on the cancellous and corti... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4239701 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 18:44:14 +0100 4239701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4206654&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F87266834l6828376%2F Abstract  Cortical bone dimensions are important determinants of bone strength. Gender differences in cortical bone size caused by greater periosteal expansion in males than in females during the pubertal growth spurt are well established both in humans and in experimental animal models. However, the mechanism by which gender influences cortical bone size is still a matter of investigation. The role of androgens and estrogen in pubertal bone growth has been examined in human disorders as well as animal models, such as gonadectomized or sex steroid receptor knockout mice. Based on the findings that growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are major regulators of postnatal skeletal growth, we and others have predicted that sex hormones interact with the GH... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4206654 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 18:04:21 +0100 4206654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4206655&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff1x71g507778571v%2F In this study we examined the effects of 8-month multicomponent training with weight-bearing exercises on different risk factors of falling, including muscle strength, balance, agility, and bone mineral density (BMD) in older women. Participants were randomly assigned to either an exercise-training group (ET, n = 30) or a control group (CON, n = 30). Twenty-seven subjects in the ET group and 22 in the CON group completed the study. Training was performed twice a week and was designed to load bones with intermittent and multidirectional compressive forces and to improve physical function. Outcome measures included lumbar spine and proximal femoral BMD (by dual X-ray absorptiometry), muscle strength, balance, handgrip strength, walking performance, fat mass, and ant... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4206655 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 18:04:19 +0100 4206655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4206656&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnx0v27qj6637q732%2F Abstract  The role of the small Rho GTPase Rac2 in mature osteoclasts has not been extensively studied. Rac2−/− mice are of normal size and have normal tooth eruption. However, femoral cortical thickness was significantly greater in Rac2−/− compared to wild-type mice, while percent cortical porosity was lower. As assessed by histomorphometry, trabecular bone mass was significantly higher in male Rac2−/− than wild-type animals, although trabecular bone mass was similar when data from male and female animals were combined. There were no significant differences in the number of osteoblasts per bone surface; however, the number of osteoclasts per total bone area tended to be higher in Rac2−/− mice and was significantly higher in male Rac2−/− mice. In the aggre... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4206656 Thu, 25 Nov 2010 20:05:38 +0100 4206656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4201735&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F218q1772220v7653%2F Abstract   CYP27B1 encodes mitochondrial 1α-hydroxylase, which converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D to its active 1,25-dihydroxylated metabolite. We tested the hypothesis that common variants in the CYP27B1 promoter are associated with fracture risk. The study was designed as a population-based genetic association study, which involved 153 men and 596 women aged 65–101 years, who had been followed for 2.2 years (range 0.1–5.5) between 1999 and 2006. During the follow-up period, the incidence of fragility fractures was ascertained. Bone ultrasound attenuation (BUA) was measured in all individuals, as were serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH concentrations; 86% subjects had vitamin D insufficiency. Genotypes were determined for the –1260C>A (rs10877012) and +2838T&g... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4201735 Wed, 24 Nov 2010 18:49:53 +0100 4201735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4198553&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F63682q72575351r7%2F This study examined the mechanism by which Pi induces NO production and the signaling pathways by which NO mediates its effects on apoptosis in these cells. Pi decreased the number of viable cells based on MTT activity; the number of TUNEL-positive cells and the level of DNA fragmentation were increased, indicating an increase in apoptosis. Blocking NO production using the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor l-NAME or cells from eNOS−/− mice blocked Pi-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, indicating that NO production is necessary. NO donors NOC-18 and SNOG both induced chondrocyte apoptosis. SNOG also upregulated p53 expression, the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio, and cytochrome c release from mitochondria, as well as caspase-3 activity, indicating that NO induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial path... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4198553 Mon, 22 Nov 2010 13:27:24 +0100 4198553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141639&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fqr245363q4ln1100%2F Abstract  The treatment and prevention of osteoporosis involve great challenges. Nonpharmacological and supportive therapy procedures, sport, and physical exercises seem to prevent bone loss and improve bone mass. In the present study, we examined the effect of whole-body vertical vibration (WBVV) on femoral intertrochanteric bone quality in the rat osteoporosis model. Sixty female Sprague–Dawley rats, 3-month old, were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated. After 3 months, each group was divided into two subgroups. In one of the subgroups, rats were treated with WBVV at 90 Hz (3.9 g) for 35 days; the second subgroup remained untreated. After killing the animals, biomechanical strength and trabecular bone architecture of the proximal region of femurs were analyz... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141639 Fri, 05 Nov 2010 10:50:23 +0100 4141639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141640&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F45l610n7475414l4%2F This study investigated whether women with cardiovascular disease (CVD) would have an increased risk of fractures as osteoporosis and CVD share many common risk factors. From February 2006 to January 2007, 17,033 women aged ≥50 years (mean 71.8, range 50–106) were recruited by 1,248 primary care practitioners and interviewed by trained nurses. For each woman, 10-year probability of a future major osteoporotic fracture was estimated using the World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX). The study showed that the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture was higher for 6,219 CVD women compared to 10,814 non-CVD women after adjustment for age, BMI, current smoking, and alcohol use (adjusted geometric means 14.3 and 13.8%, respectively; P <&... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141640 Wed, 03 Nov 2010 07:55:09 +0100 4141640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4112858&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn71042712r637807%2F Abstract  Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the management of disorders in which activation of c-Abl, PDGFR, or c-Kit signaling plays a critical role. In vitro, imatinib stimulates osteoblast differentiation, inhibits osteoblast proliferation and survival, and decreases osteoclast development. Patients treated with imatinib exhibit altered bone and mineral metabolism, with stable or increased bone mass. However, recovery from the underlying disease and/or weight gain might contribute to these effects. We therefore investigated the skeletal effects of imatinib in healthy rats. We evaluated the effects of imatinib on bone volume, markers of bone turnover, and bone histomorphometry in mature female rats treated for 5 weeks with either vehicle, imati... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4112858 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 16:44:59 +0100 4112858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4112859&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp362245415283kr6%2F This study considered 10,402 women who underwent measurements of lipid profile and BMD from October 2003 to October 2005 at Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital. Participants with potential confounding factors affecting BMD (n = 3,128) were excluded. The associations between lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein [HDL-C] cholesterol, and triglyceride [TG]) and BMD at various skeletal sites (lumbar spine [L1–L4], proximal total hip, femoral neck, and trochanter) were explored by Pearson’s correlation and partial correlation, adjusting for age, body mass index, and menarche age. Multiple linear regression analyses adjusting for all other covariates were also performed. Data on 4,... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4112859 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 06:49:11 +0100 4112859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4112860&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh2r04u6874u76646%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-010-9430-8Authors Stuart H. Ralston, Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UKTzuyung D. Kou, Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Mason, OH USABettina Wick-Urban, Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Mason, OH USAMichael Steinbuch, Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Mason, OH USATahir Masud, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK Journal Calcified Tissue InternationalOnline ISSN 1432-0827Print ISSN 0171-967X (Source: Calcified Tissue International) Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4112860 Sat, 23 Oct 2010 15:45:58 +0100 4112860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4092206&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8r8443j3x1552w18%2F Abstract  Studies to date have assumed that botulinum toxin type A (BTX) affects bone indirectly, through its action on muscle. We hypothesized that BTX has no discernable effect on bone morphometry, independent of its effect on muscle. Therefore, we investigated whether BTX had an additional effect on bone when combined with tenotomy compared to tenotomy in isolation. Female BALB/c mice (n = 73) underwent one of the following procedures in the left leg: BTX injection and Achilles tenotomy (BTX-TEN), BTX injection and sham surgery (BTX-sham), Achilles tenotomy (TEN), or sham surgery (sham). BTX groups were injected with 20 μL of BTX (1 U/100 g) in the posterior lower hindlimb. At 4 weeks, muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) and tibial bone morphometry were... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4092206 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 17:13:36 +0100 4092206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4092207&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F236hpn7060n8vk07%2F We present age- and gender-specific normative bone status data evaluated by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in the calcaneus with the Lunar Achilles device and compare these estimates with bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) estimated by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Included were a sample of 518 population-based collected Swedish girls and 558 boys aged 6–19 years. QUS measurements included speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), and stiffness index (SI) in the calcaneus. DXA measurements included BMC and BMD in the femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine (L2–L4), and total body (TB). Height and weight were measured with standard equipment. Age, height, and weight were significantly associated with SOS, BUA, and SI. Compared to SOS, in b... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4092207 Tue, 19 Oct 2010 23:21:52 +0100 4092207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4083926&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3t5653u1711r5647%2F In conclusion, nicotine administration at a dose of 7 mg/kg for 2 and 4 months has detrimental effects on bone metabolism. Nicotine administration at 7 mg/kg for 2 months is sufficient to produce significant effects on bone histomorphometric parameters and biomarkers. In addition, prolonging the treatment for another 2 months did not show any significant differences. Cessation of nicotine for 2 months did not reverse the effects. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-010-9426-4Authors Hermizi Hapidin, Biomedicine Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan MalaysiaFaizah Othman, Department of Anatomy, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jln. Raja Muda Abdul Aziz... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4083926 Sat, 16 Oct 2010 07:46:57 +0100 4083926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4083925&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk21154553683l523%2F This report describes the pharmacokinetics and resulting serum calcium response to teriparatide in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Pharmacokinetic samples for this analysis were obtained from 360 women who participated in the Fracture Prevention Trial. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis received daily subcutaneous injections of either teriparatide 20 μg (4.86 μmol) or placebo, median 21 months’ treatment. Serum teriparatide and calcium concentrations were measured throughout the study. An indirect-response model was developed to describe the pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic relationship between teriparatide concentrations and serum calcium response. The pharmacokinetics of teriparatide were characterized by rapid absorption (maximum concentration achie... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4083925 Sat, 16 Oct 2010 07:46:57 +0100 4083925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4026406&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fql81jj4436340587%2F In this study we investigated if differences exist in the variables measured by micro-CT between in vivo and ex vivo scans and which kind of scan is more sensitive to the changes of bone microstructure induced by simulated weightlessness. Rat tail suspension was used to simulate the weightless condition. The same bone from either normal or tail-suspended rats was scanned by micro-CT both in vivo and ex vivo (fresh and fixed by formalin). Then, bone mineral density (BMD) and microstructural characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that no significant differences existed in the microstructural parameters of trabecular bone among in vivo, fresh, and formalin-fixed bone scans from both femurs and tibias, although BMD exhibited differences. On the other hand, most parameters of t... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4026406 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 07:11:57 +0100 4026406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4024560&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk4326t2245p0w36r%2F In this study, we examined the dose effect of continuous treatment with isoprenaline, a nonspecific β-AR agonist, on bone remodeling. Male C57BL/6J mice were intrasubcutaneously administrated with four different doses (5, 25, 50, or 100 μg/g daily) of isoprenaline or vehicle using an osmotic pump for 2 weeks. The region of high-turnover cancellous bone was analyzed by microcomputed tomography (μCT). Continuous isoprenaline treatment caused a ~35.7% decline in the femoral cancellous bone volume fraction (BV/TV) at all doses (5–100 μg/g daily). Furthermore, continuous isoprenaline treatment weakened the bone mechanical properties in the trunk of lumbar vertebra 4 (L4). These parameters did not show significant differences between doses. Histomorphometric analysis r... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4024560 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 07:51:05 +0100 4024560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4007855&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frk777qx761507p42%2F Abstract  Osterix (Osx), a BMP-2-regulated transcription factor, controls expression of genes essential for osteoblast differentiation. Using progressive deletion of the Osx promoter, we characterized a Smad binding element (SBE) between −552 and −839 bp from its transcription start site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed binding and in vivo recruitment of Smads 1 and 5 to the Osx SBE. Inactivation of PI 3-kinase by the pharmacologic inhibitor Ly294002 or by dominant negative (DN) enzyme significantly blocked BMP-2-induced Osx protein and mRNA expression and Osx transcription. Finally, both DN PI 3-kinase and DN Akt significantly attenuated Smad 5-dependent transcription of Osx, demonstrating the first evidence for ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4007855 Sat, 25 Sep 2010 16:57:28 +0100 4007855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4007856&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq4536533232q6754%2F The objective of this systematic review was to examine the influence of treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis (parathyroid hormone [PTH], bisphosphonates, strontium ranelate, and denosumab) on bone quality and discuss the clinical implications. Most bone-quality data for PTH is from teriparatide. Teriparatide results in a rapid increase in bone-formation markers, followed by increases in bone-resorption markers, opening an “anabolic window,” a period of time when PTH is maximally anabolic. Teriparatide reverses the structural damage seen in osteoporosis and restores the structure of trabecular bone. It has a positive effect on cortical bone, and any early increases in cortical porosity appear to be offset by increases in cortical thickness and diameter. Bisphosphonates are a... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4007856 Sat, 25 Sep 2010 16:57:26 +0100 4007856 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3996237&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh86w725846610505%2F In conclusion, bone marrow cells from different skeletal locations (jaw and long bone) have different dynamics of osteoclastogenesis. We propose that this is primarily due to differences in the cellular composition of the bone site-specific marrow. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00223-010-9418-4Authors Ana Paula de Souza Faloni, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740 Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-900, BrazilTon Schoenmaker, Department of Oral Cell Biology and Periodontology, Academic Center of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Research Institute Move, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The NetherlandsAzin Azari, Department of Oral Cell Biology and ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3996237 Wed, 22 Sep 2010 16:42:08 +0100 3996237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3996238&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1r3074287l776t61%2F Abstract  In healthy subjects, smoking is associated with lower plasma levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and decreased bone mineral density (BMD). The effect of smoking on PTH, skeletal metabolism, and size/histology of the parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is unknown. We investigated, in a cross-sectional study, whether smoking affects PTH levels, BMD, and weight/histology of removed parathyroid tissue in PHPT. We studied 344 (285 women) parathyroidectomized patients with PHPT (24% smokers). Biochemistry was determined at the time of diagnosis. BMD was measured before and after surgical cure. Smoking was associated with lower PTH (9.9 ± 1.8 [SD] vs. 12.2 ± 1.8 pmol/l, P < 0.01) and higher phosphate (0.95 ... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3996238 Wed, 22 Sep 2010 16:42:06 +0100 3996238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3981670&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fvn8x3k67180322q2%2F Abstract  We previously described a novel series of biphenyl carboxylic acid derivatives which have potent antiresorptive effects in vitro and in vivo and do not affect osteoblast function. However, none of the previous compounds showed oral activity, probably because they were esters, which would be expected to be metabolized very rapidly. Here, we tested whether derivatives where the ester link was replaced by a ketone link were orally active. Compounds were tested in murine osteoclast and osteoblast cultures and in the mouse ovariectomy (OVX) model of osteoporosis. The ketones were at least as potent at inhibiting osteoclast formation and RANKL signaling in vitro as the esters and did not inhibit osteoblast differentiation or function. The basic ketone-linked compound AB... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3981670 Fri, 17 Sep 2010 16:52:22 +0100 3981670 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3978858&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F93315430w1w67722%2F In this study, we examined the effect of chronic hypoxia on the canal network in postnatal bone. Tibiae were harvested from 4- and 8-week-old rats (hyp-4 and -8, n = 8 each), whose growth was retarded owing to postnatal exposure to hypoxia (12–14% O2), and from 3- and 4-week-old normoxic rats (cnt-4 and -5, n = 8 each), which were similar in tibial length and cortical cross-sectional area to hyp-4 and -8, respectively. The diaphyseal canals were detected by monochromatic synchrotron radiation CT with a 3.1-μm voxel resolution. The anatomical properties of the canal network were compared between age- or size-matched hypoxic and normoxic groups. The canals were larger in diameter, were more densely distributed and connected, and opened into the marrow cavity with a... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3978858 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 16:46:21 +0100 3978858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3978859&cid=s_33438_31_f&fid=33438&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F38xj0124g111721h%2F Abstract  The plant phytoalexin resveratrol was previously demonstrated to inhibit the differentiation and bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts, to promote the formation of osteoblasts from mesenchymal precursors in cultures, and inhibit myeloma cell proliferation, when used at high concentrations. In the current study, we screened five structurally modified resveratrol analogues for their ability to modify the differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts and proliferation of myeloma cells. Compared to resveratrol, analogues showed an up to 5,000-fold increased potency to inhibit osteoclast differentiation. To a lesser extent, resveratrol analogues also promoted osteoblast maturation. However, they did not antagonize the proliferation of myeloma cells. The potency of th... Calcified Tissue International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3978859 Tue, 14 Sep 2010 18:08:28 +0100 3978859