Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science via MedWorm.com

Correction to Tremblay et al (2009).

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 16:33:20 +0100

Reports an error in "Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale: Its value for organizational psychology research" by Maxime A. Tremblay, Céline M. Blanchard, Sara Taylor, Luc G. Pelletier and Martin Villeneuve (Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 2009[Oct], Vol 41[4], 213-226). In this article, line 2 of the second table was missing from the printed article. The correct table is reprinted in this correction. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2009-18333-004.) The Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS) is an 18-item measure of work motivation theoretically grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000). The purpose of the present research was twofold. First, the applicability of...

Définition d’un trouble grave du comportement chez les personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 16:33:20 +0100

In this study, the Delphi method was used to reach a consensus, among Quebec experts (n = 57) in the field of intellectual disability (ID) and serious behavioural disorders (SBD), on a definition of “behavioural problem” and of “serious behavioural disorder,” as well as on the determination of the gravity factors of a behavioural problem. These professionals in the field work at rehabilitation centres for persons with ID or SBD, or in a university setting. Two rounds of consultation produced at least an 85% level of agreement on the two definitions and on 14 of the 15 factors to establish the gravity of a behavioural problem. Results of the study are presented along with their impact on specialized services for persons with ID or SBD and on research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2...

A prospective investigation of the vulnerability of memory for positive and negative emotional scenes to the misinformation effect.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 16:33:20 +0100

This study examined (prospectively) the impact of the emotional content of visual scenes on memory accuracy and susceptibility to misinformation over time. After viewing a highly positive and highly negative photographic image, half of participants (N = 80) were exposed to misinformation concerning the images and later responded to a series of questions about the details of each. After 1 week or 1 month, participants returned and were asked (unexpectedly) about the images. Overall, memories of misled participants were substantially less accurate than nonmisled participants, a pattern persisting at 1-week and 1-month follow-up, although the passage of time decreased accuracy of all participants. Relative to positive images, negative images were associated with a greater susceptibility to fa...

Profils de buts d’apprentissage et caractéristiques personnelles des élèves au début du secondaire.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 16:33:19 +0100

The present study pursued two goals. The first goal was to explore the presence of students’ learning goals profiles during the beginning of middle school, using cluster analyses procedure. The second goal was to examine whether these profiles are related to academic (motivation, feeling of competence, and achievement) and emotional (anxiety and depression) characteristics. Three hundred ten adolescents participated in this study. Results of cluster analyses showed the presence of different learning goals profiles (high mastery, mixed, mastery-avoidance, and low engaged). Furthermore, results indicated that students in high mastery and mixed profiles are better adapted than students in mastery-avoidance and low engaged profiles, particularly in regard of academic characteristics. On the ...

La consommation de substances psychoactives chez les délinquants juvéniles à haut risque de récidive: Enjeux psychométriques.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 16:33:19 +0100

Substance abuse and criminal activity are closely related phenomena. Substance abuse is also one of the risks and needs linked to criminogenic factors and increases the risk of re-offending among adolescent offenders. Identification of this problem is therefore important in guiding interventions directed at such clients. The concomitant validity of an instrument used to screen problem consumption of alcohol and drugs among adolescents (DEP-ADO) and scale 5 (substance abuse) of the YLS-CMI (research version) was studied. Their convergence with a self-related delinquency questionnaire was also verified. Data were also collected on four occasions from adolescent offenders at high risk of re-offending (N = 99) who were receiving services at the Centre jeunesse de Montréal-Institut universitai...

Conceptualizing political orientation in Canadian political candidates: A tale of two (correlated) dimensions.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 16:33:19 +0100

Political orientation is often operationalized as a unidimensional left–right continuum. However, some research suggests that this conceptualization might be overly simplistic. The present study examined the structure of political orientation in a sample of 190 politicians who were candidates in the 2006 Canadian federal election. Participants completed measures of attitudes toward specific political issues (social conservatism issues, economic competition issues), ideological beliefs (right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation), and abstract values (conservation, self-enhancement) as indicators of political orientation. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the structure of political orientation was explained best by 2 moderately correlated dimensions: social lef...

Évolution du trouble d’opposition et du trouble des conduites au cours de l’enfance.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 16:33:19 +0100

This study aimed at describing the evolution of the symptoms of the oppositional disorder and conducts disorder on a 4-year period (3 times of measurement), depending on whether both disorders appear simultaneously or separately. The sample was composed of 336 children (6–13 years-old), separated in three groups according to the nature of the disorder they presented at the beginning of the study: oppositional disorder only, conducts disorder only, both oppositional and conducts disorders. Structured diagnostic interviews based on the diagnostic criterions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4 éd., texte rév.; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) were used in order to evaluate the average number of symptoms associated to each disorder at each time of measure...

Attachment, motivations, and alcohol: Testing a dual-path model of high-risk drinking and adverse consequences in transitional clinical and student samples.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 16:33:19 +0100

The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend a motivational model of high-risk drinking and alcohol-related consequences (Cooper, Frone, Russell, & Mudar, 1995; Read, Wood, Kahler, Maddock, & Palfai, 2003), testing the notion that attachment is a common antecedent for both the affective and social paths to problem drinking, defined in terms of 2 dimensions; high-risk drinking and alcohol-related consequences. First-year university students (N = 696), and first-time clients at an addiction treatment facility (N = 213) completed questionnaires assessing alcohol use, alcohol-related consequences, drinking motives, and attachment style. Results underscored the importance of the affective path to drinking patterns and to vulnerability to problems. Results also found that those with hig...

Étude de quelques déterminants de l’anxiété face au passage à la retraite.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 15:07:04 +0100

This article presents 2 studies aimed at exploring some retirement anxiety predictors including the Big-five personality traits, anxiety, depression, sense of coherence, social support, subjective health, dyadic adjustment, specification and construction of personal goals, subjective age, masculinity, femininity, time of retirement. Participants (N = 175 and N = 134) were older workers and nearing retirement. Regression and discriminant analyses revealed that the main predictors were: age, sense of coherence, anxiety, neuroticism, conscientiousness, specification and construction of personal goals, masculinity, time of retirement, dyadic satisfaction, and dyadic consensus. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)

Validation d’une version française de l’échelle d’évaluation cognitive primaire de Brewer et Skinner.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 15:07:04 +0100

In conclusion, this scale appears to be an adequate and useful instrument for the study of cognitive appraisal processes. In this early stage of development, it exhibits satisfying psychometric properties, which could be easily enhanced by the withdrawal of 2 items. Moreover, a confirmatory analysis shows that the French version of the scale has a better compatibility with an integrative version of the transactionnalist stress model initially developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) than with a more classical one. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)

Validation of French-Canadian versions of the Empathy Quotient and Autism Spectrum Quotient.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 14:13:19 +0100

The primary objective of this study was to validate French-Canadian versions of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-F) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ-F) in normal and pathological samples. These versions of the scales were administered to 100 undergraduate university students in the hard science or humanities fields and to 23 individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). For both scales, obtained data were partially consistent with English versions. The EQ-F and AQ-F scores were negatively correlated, and the ASD group differed significantly from both control groups, scoring lower on the EQ-F and higher on the AQ-F. These preliminary results support the validity of the AQ-F and EQ-F as screening tools in French-speaking populations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all right...

Étude de quelques déterminants de l’anxiété face au passage à la retraite. / Study of some determinants of the anxiety with regard to the passage to retirement.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 14:13:19 +0100

Validation d’une version française de l’échelle d’évaluation cognitive primaire de Brewer et Skinner. / Validation of a French version of the Cognitive Appraisal Scale (Trait) by Brewer and Skinner.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 14:13:19 +0100

Personality, child maltreatment, and substance use: Examining correlates of deliberate self-harm among university students.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 14:13:19 +0100

Despite recent interest in deliberate self-harm (DSH), the majority of DSH studies have been limited to clinical samples and have identified psychological or clinical correlates and neglected general personality factors. The present study examined personality traits, child maltreatment, and substance use as correlates of DSH in a sample of 319 (65.2% women) university students. A related goal was to describe the nature of DSH in university students. Overall, 29.4% of students reported that they had engaged in at least 1 act of DSH, and rates of DSH were similar across men and women. Cutting was the most frequently endorsed type of DSH. Women were more likely to have engaged in cutting than men, whereas men were more likely to have put themselves in a violent situation where risk of harm wa...

"Adaptation et validation en langue française d’une échelle de bien-être spirituel": Correction.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 14:13:19 +0100

Reports an error in "Adaptation et validation en langue française d’une échelle de bien-être spirituel" by Lucy Velasco and Liliane Rioux (Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 2009[Apr], Vol 41[2], 102-108). The DOI printed in the article was incorrect. The correct DOI should be as follows: DOI: 10.1037/a0012555. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2009-05252-001.) Spiritual well-being is a dimension of subjective well-being which has enjoyed renewed interest for about 10 years. As far as the authors know, there is no scale in French to assess it. Our research work therefore sets out to adapt and validate in French Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) by Paloutzian and Ellison, published in 1982. To that end...

Rating formats and rater training redux: A context-specific approach for enhancing the effectiveness of performance management.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 14:13:18 +0100

In this paper, we critically examine previous research on rating formats and rater training in the context of performance appraisal. Historically, the goal of this body of research has been to search for ways of maximizing the psychometric quality of performance evaluation data. Our central thesis is that there are a number of avenues for broadening this research. Accordingly, we propose a conceptual model that hopefully serves as a conceptual framework for future work in these 2 traditional performance appraisal research streams. For example, both rating formats and rater training research may be useful for facilitating and improving the feedback and employee development process, as well as reducing the potential existence of rater biases. In addition, format and training research may foc...

Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale: Its value for organizational psychology research.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 14:13:18 +0100

The Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS) is an 18-item measure of work motivation theoretically grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000). The purpose of the present research was twofold. First, the applicability of the WEIMS in different work environments was evaluated. Second, its factorial structure and psychometric properties were assessed. Two samples of workers (military: N = 465; civilians: N = 192) voluntarily completed questionnaires. Using the WEIMS’s 3 indexes (work self-determination index, work self-determined and nonself-determined motivation, respectively), results of regression analyses were supportive of its ability to predict positive and negative criteria in the workplace. Results also showed the adequacy of both its construct validity ...

Use of implicit measures for organizational research: An empirical example.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 14:13:18 +0100

An increasing amount of attention is being paid by social and cognitive psychologists to implicit processing, which has ubiquitous effects on attitudes and behaviours. Unfortunately, organizational scholars have tended to focus almost exclusively on explicit processing, which limits understanding of how employees function at work if implicit processing does indeed play a role. In this article, the authors argue that implicit processing is likely prevalent in organizational settings and discuss ways that it can be measured. The authors then present the results of an experiment that suggests that organizational justice—an important work-based variable—has implicit effects on motivation. Moreover, the magnitude of explicit and implicit effects was moderated by need for cognition, a stable...

The role of mindfulness in predicting individual performance.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 14:13:18 +0100

Mindfulness refers to an individual difference variable regarding the degree to which a person is in the present moment (K. W. Brown & R. M. Ryan, 2003). Despite a growing interest in the benefits of mindfulness in health and clinical outcomes, little research has explored whether mindfulness relates to individual performance. The authors examined whether mindfulness was related to performance among a group of MBA students (N = 149). The results show that mindfulness interacted with gender to predict performance. Specifically, the positive association between mindfulness and performance was stronger for women than for men. Implications and future directions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)

New directions in industrial-organizational psychology.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 14:13:17 +0100

This article introduces our motivation for producing a special section on new areas of research for I-O psychology. We briefly review presentations that sparked conversations around how I-O psychology could be applied to new contexts or related disciplines. We then introduce the articles that appear in this special section. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)

Fidélité, validité discriminante et prédictive de l’indice de prédiction du décrochage. / Fidelity, discriminant and predictive validity of the Dropout Prediction Index.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sat, 05 Sep 2009 17:12:06 +0100

School dropout is a major issue reaching a high proportion of youth; still, it is more prevalent for boys having low socioeconomic status (SES). Predictors of this outcome (social, familial, school) have been well documented in scientific literature. However, the number of effective tools developed to screen at-risk students is less important. The aim of this study is to establish the reliability and validity of the Dropout Prediction Index (DPI), a screening indicator precisely built to target potential dropouts. The psychometrics characteristics of this index were evaluated using a 3-year longitudinal sample of 35,068 students (47.2% boys aged between 13 and 16 years at the first time of data collection (school year 2002–2003). They came from 79 secondary schools participating in the N...

Le devoir de mémoire: Le lien entre la mémoire collective et l’identité sociale chez des Franco-Ontariens. / The duty to remember: The bond between the collective memory and the social identity of Franco-Ontarians.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sat, 05 Sep 2009 17:12:06 +0100

We examined, in the case of members of a minority group whose history is well-documented, Franco Ontarians, the systematic relationship between the 3 identified components (cognitive, evaluative, and affective) of collective memory (self-generated or preselected) and those empirically validated of social identity. Results of our study conducted amongst 211 Franco Ontarians, aged 40 years and above, support our hypothesis in showing that the 3 components of collective memory are linked to the 3 corresponding components of social identity. Findings thusly show that social identity is deeply rooted in the past. More precisely, it is the recollection of significant positive events (rather than negative events) that has more impact on all 3 aspects of group identity. Discussion of findings emph...

Illusion d’incompétence, attitudes dysfonctionnelles et distorsions cognitives chez des élèves du primaire. / Illusion of incompetence, dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive distortions of primary education pupils.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sat, 05 Sep 2009 17:12:05 +0100

The first objective of this study is to determine whether the illusion of incompetence schema is related to the presence of other dysfunctional schemas, such as dysfunctional attitudes related to success, to dependence on others and to self-control. The second objective is to examine whether these schemas are related to the occurrence of cognitive errors. Some 577 students of primary school grades five and six took part in the study. It appears the illusion of incompetence is linked more to dysfunctional attitudes related to success and less to those related to self-control. The canonical correlations for examining the second objective point to two dynamics: the illusion of incompetence combined with higher levels of dysfunctional attitudes related to success is linked to the occurrence of...

Construction d’une échelle de prise de risques et validation auprès d’adolescents pratiquant un sport alpin de glisse. / Construction of a scale of taking risk and validation near teenagers practitioner an alpine ski sports.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sat, 05 Sep 2009 17:12:05 +0100

This study aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of an self-report inventory designed to tackle risk-taking behaviors in snowboarding and alpine skiing in adolescents. Data from a sample of 684 teenage snowboarders and alpine skiers were collected in 2 high schools located close to ski stations in the Province of Quebec, Canada. A maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis yielded a 3-factor solution: (1) Recklessness, (2) Safety behaviours, and (3) Substance use while snowboarding or skiing. Internal consistency of the scales is generally satisfactory. The weak-to-moderate correlations among the scales suggest that these dimensions are distinct latent constructs. Multiple regression analyses showed that the 3 dimensions are statistically associated to sensation seeking (AISS;...

Fidélité, validité discriminante et prédictive de l’indice de prédiction du décrochage.