Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science via MedWorm.com

The Canadian French Young Schema Questionnaire: Confirmatory factor analysis and validation in clinical and nonclinical samples.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study aims to validate the French-Canadian adaptation of the third version of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3; Young, 2005) and provide expected scores for nonclinical and Axis I patient samples. The Young Schema Questionnaire assesses early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and schema domains. The latest version of the questionnaire, the YSQ-S3, has received little attention, and its Canadian French adaptation has yet to be validated. In this study, a sample of 973 nonclinical participants completed the YSQ-S3, as well as assessments of their self-reported clinical or nonclinical status. A mixed Axis I patient group of 96 participants also completed the YSQ-S3 and additional clinical measures. Confirmatory factor analysis supports the EMSs but fails to support the schema domains. E...

The effect of emotional dissonance and emotional intelligence on work–family interference.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, we examined the relationship between emotional dissonance and work-to-family inference (WFI) and whether emotional intelligence moderated the association between emotional dissonance and WFI. Data were collected at two time points. At Time 1 (T1), we measured emotional dissonance, demographic variables (i.e., gender, age, marital status, number of children), negative affectivity, emotional intelligence, and WFI (T1). At Time 2 (T2), WFI was measured again. A total of 155 valid questionnaires were collected at two time points. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that emotional dissonance at T1 was a salient predictor of WFI at Time 2, even when WFI at Time 1 and other variables were controlled. One subdimension of emotional intelligence—namely regulation of emotion—wa...

Cognition and dysphoria in Egypt and Canada: An examination of the cognitive triad.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study examined the relationship between dysphoria and a number of inventories designed to assess negative cognitions, in 336 participants from Egypt (n = 150) and Canada (n = 186). Dysphoric individuals in both countries harbored significantly more negative thoughts toward self, world and future than nondysphoric individuals. Additionally, Egyptian participants showed significantly more negative thoughts toward self and world than their Canadian counterparts even after controlling for dysphoria. This investigation supports the cross-cultural validity of the cognitive theory for depression. Strengths and limitations of the current study, as well as areas for future research, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavio...

Correction to Beaulieu and Sylvie Normandeau (2011).

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Reports an error in "Prédicteurs des pratiques parentales: Cognitions sociales parentales et comportement des enfants TDAH" by Marie-Christine Beaulieu and Sylvie Normandeau (Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, Advanced Online Publication, Jul 25, 2011, np). There was an error in the English abstract. This error is corrected in the correction. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2011-15455-001.) The purpose of this study was to examine the association between parental social cognitions (parental causal attributions, parental self-efficacy) and the behavioural characteristics of their child (ADHD subtypes, comorbidity, oppositional and anxiety/shy symptoms). Participants were 110 families with a child with AD...

Direction des effets entre le tempérament de l'enfant et la sensibilité maternelle. / Direction of the effects between the temperament of the child and maternal sensitivity.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study aims to examine the potential direction of effects between infant temperament and maternal sensitivity between 15 and 18 months, while considering five different temperament dimensions (activity level, pleasure, social fearfulness, anger proneness and interest/persistence). More specifically, it aims to verify if the direction of effects and the strength of the relation between these two variables vary as a function of the level of psychosocial risk infants are exposed to and infant gender. Fifty low-risk and 98 high-risk mother-infant dyads (defined as a function of mother status: adult or adolescent) were evaluated twice during home visits. At 15 and 18 months, mothers completed a French-Canadian version of the Toddler Behaviour Assessment Questionnaire (TBAQ; Goldsmith, 1996)...

Les pratiques parentales des parents d'enfants en difficultés de comportement: Effets de la dyade parent-enfant. / Parental practices of parents of children with behavior problems: Effects of the parent-infant dyad.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The study set out to indentify the differences and the similarities in the parental practices of mothers and fathers of kindergarten children known to exhibit problem behaviour (n = 109) as it relates to parenting a son or a daughter. The results obtained from self-reported parental measurements and direct observation of the parent–child dyad in a play situation revealed a greater complicity in dyads of the same sex during the play situation and, in opposite sex dyads, a significant link between the expression of negative parental emotions during interactions and problem behaviour in children. In girls, negative interactions with both parents, particularly the hostile disciplinary practices used by the mother, seem to be associated with problem behaviour; in boys, the mother's feeling of...

Sentiment d'injustice subie, comportements transgressifs et légitimation chez des footballeurs. / Feelings of undergone injustice, transgressive and legitimation behaviors in soccer players.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the effects of the undergone feeling of injustice on the adoption and justification of aggressive behaviours. Male soccer players (196) completed a questionnaire presenting fair or unfair situations. They had to choose one of the four proposed reactions (no aggression, verbal aggression, nonhurting physical aggression, hurting physical aggression) and to justify it on a five point Likert scale. The results of this study showed that players who were confronted with injustice chose more aggressive reactions than players who were not. Furthermore, all players, whatever the experimental condition, justified the adoption of unaggressive behaviours. However, a negative correlation between the chosen behaviour and its justification was found amo...

Auto-efficacité perçue pour la pratique d'une activité physique: Adaptation et validation francophone du Exercise Confidence Survey. / Perceived self-efficacy for practicing physical activity: Adaptation and validation of the French Exercise Confidence Survey.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The Exercise Confidence Survey is a questionnaire measuring self-efficacy for engaging in regular physical activity. Sallis (1996) has identified two dimensions within the Exercise Confidence Survey: sticking to it and making time for exercise . The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the French version of this questionnaire. Two hundred ninety-three volunteers filled in the French version of the Exercise Confidence Survey. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor model proposed by Sallis (1996). However, we also found a best-fit two-factor model in which one item of each original dimension proposed by Sallis actually was allocated to the other dimension. Finally, self-efficacy is significantly associated with the other component...

A French adaptation of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The factor structure of a French adaptation of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS-F) based on the original scale by Foa, Cashman, Jaycox, and Perry (1997) was examined in 287 community members. Confirmatory factor analysis evaluated three models: the three symptom clusters of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition ( DSM–IV ; American Psychiatric Association, 1994), the 4-factor King, Leskin, King, and Weathers (1998) model and the 4-factor Simms, Watson, and Doebbelling (2002) model. The data's fit to the DSM–IV model was unacceptable. Both 4-factor models demonstrated a good fit; however, the Simms et al. (2002) model with intrusions, avoidance, dysphoria, and hyperarousal factors showed the best fi...

Neuropsychological and cognitive performance of homeless adults.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Many homeless people may have been exposed to events and situations that could potentially produce neuropsychological impairments. In the current study, 80 homeless participants underwent a battery of tests designed to 1) estimate long-standing established memory and intelligence, which was assumed to indicate prehomeless function and 2) measure current memory and intelligence function. Mental health screening and substance misuse data were also obtained. Results indicated that current memory and IQ were significantly lower than the estimated normal population means and also their prehomeless estimates. The memory score change was from 100.5 to 90.3 (p < .001) and IQ change from 98.8 to 95.6 (p = .038). The interaction between task type (memory or IQ) and measure (prehomeless or current) w...

The composition and structure of depressive symptomatology in renal disease.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Renal disease is an increasingly common illness among middle-aged and older adults, and is often associated with depression. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES–D) is a widely used self-report screening measure on which responses generally conform to a 4-factor structure, with each factor loading onto a higher-order Depression factor. The current study examines whether this structure is supported among individuals with renal disease (both predialysis and posttransplant kidney disease patients). Persons with renal disease (n = 225) and healthy control participants (n = 230) were recruited from Vancouver General Hospital and the community. Participants completed the CES–D as part of an extended assessment. Confirmatory factor analytic models were computed for the r...

Interpersonal workplace deviance: Why do offenders act out? A comparative look on personality and organisational variables.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

To understand interpersonal workplace deviance in a more comprehensive way, in this study we investigated the relationship between personality and organisational variables. Hierarchical multiple regressions based on responses from 284 employees revealed that physical violence was positively related to continuance commitment and workplace frustration and negatively correlated with procedural justice. Also, psychological violence was negatively correlated with age but positively linked to affective commitment and frustration. Amongst personality traits, agreeableness was negatively correlated with both physical and psychological violence. Furthermore, personality traits still explained a statistically significant proportion of variance after controlling for organisational and sociodemographi...

Perfectionism, negative social feedback, and interpersonal rumination in depression and social anxiety.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The current study investigated the associations among trait perfectionism, perfectionistic self-presentation, negative social feedback, interpersonal rumination, depressive symptoms, and social anxiety. New measures of negative social feedback and interpersonal rumination were used to evaluate their relevance to the social aspects of perfectionism and their roles in distress. A sample of 155 undergraduate students completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale, the Social Feedback Questionnaire, Rumination About an Interpersonal Offense, and measures of depressive symptoms and social anxiety. The results confirmed that socially prescribed perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation were associated significantly with negative social f...

Construct validity and confirmatory factor analysis of the Self-Control and Self-Management Scale.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 08 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The Self-Control and Self-Management Scale (SCMS) was developed to be a content and construct valid measure of the self-regulatory model of self-management (Mezo, 2009). The purpose of the present study was to expand on previous findings by evaluating construct and factorial validity in a Canadian university sample (n = 410). The descriptive statistics and reliability estimates of the SCMS were replicated in the current sample. In terms of construct validity, convergent validity was obtained with mindfulness, positive affect, negative affect, life satisfaction, depression, stress, and anxiety. Likewise, discriminant construct validity was obtained with social desirability, irrational beliefs, and anxiety sensitivity. Furthermore, the three-factor structure of the SCMS was supported by a co...

Prédicteurs des pratiques parentales: Cognitions sociales parentales et comportement des enfants TDAH. / Predictors of parenting practices: Parental social cognitions and behavior of children with ADHD.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between parental social cognitions (parental causal attributions, parental self-efficacy) and the behavioural characteristics of their child (ADHD subtypes, comorbidity, oppositional and anxiety/shy symptoms). Participants were 110 families with a child with ADHD (ADHD-I : n = 31, ADHD-H : n = 11, ADHD-C : n = 68). Multiple regressions show that parental self-efficacy is associated with more use of appropriate discipline, praise and incentives, positive verbal discipline, and less use of harsh and inconsistent discipline and physical punishment. Results also show that parental causal attributions for the child's misbehaviour to their own efforts are a predictor of positive verbal discipline whereas parents' causal attributions for th...

Transporting a school-based intervention for social anxiety in Canadian adolescents.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study examines the transportability and dissemination of the Skills for Academic and Social Success (SASS), an early intervention program that can be delivered in high school settings and is aimed at reducing symptoms of anxiety among adolescents. A total of 27 adolescent high school students participated. Teachers and adolescent peer counselors were trained to deliver a modified version of SASS, involving ten 60-minute sessions. The results reveal that at-risk adolescents participating in the SASS program showed a reduction in anxiety, behavioural avoidance, and depression symptoms from pre- to posttesting, which provides further support for the transportability and dissemination of the SASS program in secondary schools. Limitations of the study and future directions are discussed. (...

Proactive personality in the context of job complexity.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study examined the moderating influence of proactive personality (i.e., a disposition to initiate change in the environment) on the relationship between job complexity and demands–abilities fit (i.e., the extent to which a person's ability level matches the job demands), job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. It was found that for workers with a high proactive personality, moderate-to-high job complexity was positively associated with demands–abilities fit and job satisfaction; negatively with turnover intentions. Conversely, for workers with a low proactive personality, moderate-to-high job complexity was negatively associated with demands–abilities fit and job satisfaction; positively with turnover intentions. Many of the relationships were also curvilinear. This research ...

Higher-order model of resilience in the Canadian forces.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 03 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Psychological resilience is an important construct for those who work in high-stress, potentially traumatic occupations. Using data collected as part of the Canadian Forces (CF) Recruit Health Questionnaire (RHQ), structural equation modelling analyses were performed to test the fit of a model of resilience comprised of several intrapersonal resilience factors (i.e., Big Five personality traits, dispositional affect, dispositional optimism, hardiness, mastery, self-esteem) and one interpersonal resilience factor (i.e., social support). An initial model showed that all lower-order intrapersonal variables loaded significantly onto a higher-order intrapersonal resilience latent factor, and that this factor was significantly correlated with social support. However, the strong intercorrelations...

Personality and the psychological refractory period: No evidence for an extraversion- or intelligence-related effect.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 03 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The psychological refractory period (PRP) refers to a major bottleneck of information processing that becomes evident when participants are required to respond to two signals (S1 and S2) presented in rapid succession. Typically, the response to S2 becomes increasingly delayed with decreasing stimulus onset asynchrony between S1 and S2. Several studies suggest differences in speed of sensorimotor information processing between introverts and extraverts. Speed of information processing is also positively related to mental ability. The present study investigates whether these individual differences in speed of information processing may reflect differences in PRP. For this purpose 80 female undergraduates were tested with a standard PRP design using an auditory two-choice Task 1 and a visual ...

Fathers' influence on children's cognitive and behavioural functioning: A longitudinal study of Canadian families.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 03 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

An emerging body of research illustrates the connections between fathers and their children's development. This topic is particularly relevant in Québec, a demographically and culturally unique province in which female lone parenthood is relatively common; this pattern is related to socioeconomic disadvantages that predict negative cognitive and behavioural outcomes in youth. Using data from the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project, an intergenerational longitudinal data set collected in inner city areas of Montreal, the current study investigated the prospective relations between fathers' presence and parenting, and children's subsequent cognitive and behavioural functioning. The current sample included 138 families from lower to middle income backgrounds who participated in two waves of ...

Adaptation et validation en langue Française d'une échelle de prise de décision. / Adaptation and validation of a decision making scale in French.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 03 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) in a French population. This questionnaire is based on the decisional conflict model proposed by Janis and Mann (1977). Four major decisional styles were identified by authors: vigilance, buck-passing, procrastination, and hypervigilance. Four hundred fifty-four participants took part in the study. Results of factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the MDMQ can be conceptualized on a four-factor model according to Mann et al. (1998). The reliability of the MDQM appeared to be satisfactory with good internal consistency. Even if mean scores obtained on each decisional style are lower than preceding studies, results of this study justify u...

Impacts d'un programme d'interventions multidimensionnel conçu pour les parents et leur enfant ayant un TDAH sur le stress parental et la relation parent–enfant. / Multidimensional intervention programs for parents and their child with ADHD: Impacts on parental stress and parent-child relations.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The behaviours that characterize ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) often lead to impairments in the parent–child relationship and contribute to increased stress amongst parents of children with the disorder. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of a multimodal intervention program (Multi-Propulsions) on parental stress and on parent–child relationship as perceived by parents. The program combines: (1) a cognitive-behavioural program for ADHD children including physical activities in an adapted gymnasium; (2) a cognitive-behavioural parent training program; (3) joint activities with children and parents under the supervision of professionals. Sample contents 23 families with ADHD children aged between 6 and 12 years old from the ADHD clinic of the ...

Propriétés psychométriques de l'adaptation francophone d'une mesure de symptômes des troubles anxieux auprès d'enfants et d'adolescents (SCARED-R). / Psychometric properties of the French adaptation of a measure for symptoms of anxiety disorders among children and adolescents (SCARED-R).

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 30 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Anxiety disorders are very prevalent among children and adolescents and increase risk for comorbid diagnoses, psychopathology in adulthood and lower adaptive functioning in the areas of academic performance, peer relations and family interactions. Even if anxiety disorders are the principal psychopathologies present among children, there are few valid questionnaires available to assess all DSM–IV -specific anxiety disorder symptoms. Available French measures assess mainly anxiety symptoms and present poor discriminant validity among specific disorders. The aim of the present study was to translate and verify the psychometric properties of a French version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders–Revised (SCARED-R; Muris et al., 2004) among children from ages 8 to ...

The effects of an intensive training and feedback program on police and social workers' investigative interviews of children.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In the present study, we assessed the effectiveness of an extensive training and feedback program with investigative interviewers of child victims of alleged abuse and neglect in a large Canadian city. Twelve investigative interviewers participated in a joint training initiative that lasted 8 months and involved classroom components and extensive weekly verbal and written feedback. Interviewers were significantly more likely to use open-ended prompts and elicited more information from children with open-ended prompts following training. These differences were especially prominent following a subsequent “refresher” training session. No negative effects of training were observed. Clear evidence was found of the benefits of an intensive training and feedback program across a wide variety ...

Do positive thinking and meaning mediate the positive affect—Life satisfaction relationship?

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The authors tested whether positive cognitions mediated the relationships between positive affect and both meaning in life and life satisfaction, and whether meaning in life partially mediated the relationship between positive cognitions and life satisfaction, among 232 students and community-dwelling adults. Also tested was an alternative model in which positive affect mediated the relationships between positive cognitions and both meaning in life and life satisfaction, and in which meaning in life partially mediated the relationship between positive affect and life satisfaction. Supporting hypotheses and the literature, positive cognitions mediated the relationship between positive affect and meaning in life, and meaning in life partially mediated the relationship between positive cognit...

The impact of schooling on academic achievement: Evidence from homeschooled and traditionally schooled students.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Although homeschooling is growing in prevalence, its educational outcomes remain unclear. The present study compared the academic achievements of homeschooled children with children attending traditional public school. When the homeschooled group was divided into those who were taught from organized lesson plans (structured homeschoolers) and those who were not (unstructured homeschoolers), the data showed that structured homeschooled children achieved higher standardized scores compared with children attending public school. Exploratory analyses also suggest that the unstructured homeschoolers are achieving the lowest standardized scores across the 3 groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)

Further consideration of the use of narrow trait scales.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study examined whether inclusion of narrow personality trait scales improved prediction of job performance enough to overcome increased capitalization on chance characteristics of the sample. Data were obtained from 262 midlevel managers who had completed a personality inventory and had been assessed using multisource performance ratings. Three methods of combining trait scores organized under the 5-factor model were compared in order to better understand the contribution of variance specific to the narrow traits in the prediction of performance: common factor scores, unit-weighted composite scores, and regression-weighted composites. Results showed that on average the sets of facet scores explained an additional 9% of the variance in performance beyond summated composites and 10% bey...

Genre, stéréotypes et transmission de l'information: Une approche expérimentale de la communication intragroupe. / Gender, stereotypes, and information transmission: An experimental approach of intergroup communication.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study investigates the way that identity strategies affect the spreading of information. Participants (men vs. women) listened to a message that they had to transmit afterward to an individual of the same sex. Each communication chain comprised 3 participants. This message related a marital strife and manipulated the description of both protagonists (stereotypical vs. counterstereotypical gender traits description). The degree of responsibility attributed to each protagonist brings to light an in-group favouritism in the men's group, whatever the description of the protagonists is. The same favouritism takes place in women's group only in stereotypical conditions. These results are discussed on the basis of the subjective group dynamics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rig...

Social affiliation cues prime help-seeking intentions.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Over and Carpenter (2009) recently found that 18-month-old infants who had been primed with a social affiliation cue were more likely to offer to help another person. The present research investigated whether similar affiliation cues affect intentions to seek help rather than offer help. Undergraduate psychology students (N = 122) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 conditions in which they viewed a photograph of 2 people who were either holding hands (affiliation condition) or not holding hands (nonaffiliation condition). Participants then indicated their intention to ask other people for help when they worked on a university coursework assignment. Participants in the affiliation condition had significantly stronger intentions to seek help than participants in the nonaffiliation condition. T...

Reflections on the costs and benefits of exacting revenge in romantic relationships.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The present investigation explored individuals' (N = 58) retrospective accounts of the costs and benefits associated with acts of revenge they had committed against a current or past romantic partner. Content analysis of participants' responses to a semistructured interview revealed that, consistent with claims that revenge can have constructive as well as destructive consequences, participants described both good and bad outcomes associated with their vengeful acts. There was little evidence, however, that they perceived the consequences of revenge as achieving prosocial ends (i.e., as having benefited their partners/relationships or others) and, overall, participants seemed to believe that they, rather than others, had profited from their vengeful actions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2...

Depression symptoms in Canadian psychology graduate students: Do research productivity, funding, and the academic advisory relationship play a role?

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders affecting university students (Rimmer, Halikas, & Schuckit, 1982; Vazquez & Blanco, 2008); however, undergraduate students have received the majority of the research focus. The limited research available on graduate students suggests they may also be vulnerable to developing depression (Eisenberg, Gollust, Golberstein, & Hefner, 2007). The current investigation provides initial data on depression symptoms in Canadian psychology graduate students. Participants included psychology graduate students from across Canada (N = 292; 87% women) who were currently enrolled in clinical, experimental, counselling, and educational programmes. Each of the participants completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Ra...

A new measure of time perspective: Initial psychometric findings for the Balanced Time Perspective Scale (BTPS).

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The development and initial validation of a new scale of balanced time perspective is reported. A balanced time perspective is defined here as a frequent and equal tendency to think about both one's past and future in positive ways. Sixty-seven men and 79 women ranging in age from 18–46 years (M = 21.3, SD = 4.42) completed the Balanced Time Perspective Scale (BTPS) and measures of happiness, well-being, self-esteem, and two subscales of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the BTPS resulted in a Past orientation (14 items, α = .88) and a Future orientation (14 items, α = .92). Persons scoring below the median on both the Past and Future formed the time restrictive category; persons below the median on the Past but above the median on the Futu...

Perceptions of fatherhood: Longitudinal reciprocal associations within the couple.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study highlights the importance of the first few months after the birth of a child for perceptions of fatherhood within the couple. Results suggest that when couples become parents, new mothers and fathers mutually influence their respective perceptions relative to fatherhood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)

Social anxiety disorder subtypes and their mental health correlates in a nationally representative Canadian sample.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The present study aimed to assess the merit of subtyping social anxiety disorder by validating the nongeneralised subtype, differentiating the generalised and nongeneralised subtypes, and determining the role of feared social situations. Data came from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.2 (N = 36,984) of adults aged 15 years and older. Social anxiety disorder was assessed with the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview. In accordance with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM–IV) criteria, generalised social anxiety disorder was defined as fearing at least 7 (i.e., most) of 13 feared social situations, whereas nongeneralised social anxiety disorder as fearing 6 or fewer. Results indicated that the nongeneralised subtype wa...

Désavantage socioéconomique du quartier et comportements antisociaux des adolescents: Quelle est l'échelle spatiale la plus probante? / Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and adolescent antisocial behavior: What is the most convincing spatial scale?

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Over the past two decades, a significant number of studies in the United States, Canada and Europe have attempted to identify links between neighbourhood characteristics and antisocial behaviour of children and adolescents. Despite the abundance of work, the question of the choice of spatial scale has received little attention. Indeed, few studies have used different scales simultaneously in order to identify the most relevant scale. The aim of our study is precisely to identify the spatial scale in the most convincing explanation of antisocial behaviour violent and nonviolent in mid-adolescence and to better understand whether these are the characteristics of the immediate social environment at home or those of a much larger space that best explain the frequency of these behaviours. Using...

Élaboration et validation du Questionnaire de Soutien Conjugal (QSC). / Elaboration and validation of the Questionnaire de Soutien Conjugal (QSC).

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Although partner support represents a significant source of help amongst people (Beach, Fincham, Katz, & Bradbury, 1996; Cutrona, 1996), few valid and reliable measures of couple support are available. The current study presents the elaboration and validation of the “Questionnaire de soutien conjugal” (QSC), a brief measure evaluating given and received support within conjugal relationship. A sample of 270 French-Canadian couples completed the QSC and a short version of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976; Sabourin, Valois, & Lussier, 2005). One year later, 160 couples agreed to complete the same measures again. Exploratory Factor Analyses supported the two-factor structure of the measure (provided support and received support); those factors predicted current and future couple ...

Effects of exercising before versus after eating on dieting and exercise evaluations: A preliminary investigation.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Psychological processes may play a role in the evaluation of the effectiveness of exercise and subsequent food intake. In order to further investigate this phenomenon, the effects of the timing of exercise relative to an eating opportunity were evaluated. Female undergraduate participants who were of average weight and did not exercise regularly were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (exercise before eating [n = 10], exercise after eating [n = 11], or no exercise [n = 12]). Expectations of the effectiveness of the exercise, value of dieting, and intake were assessed. Participants who exercised after eating had higher expectations of the effectiveness of the exercise than those who exercised before eating, while those who exercised before eating reported valuing dieting more than...

The infernal now: Linking temporal inefficacy to cognitive ability and social adjustment.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In three studies with younger and older adults, we examined the correlates of temporal inefficacy (TI), that is, discontent with the uncontrollability of the passage of time experienced as linear. Among young adults, high versus low TI was related to greater subjective salience of the present, but guided focus on either conception or death eliminated this relationship. Among older adults, higher TI was inversely related both to the capacity to engage in mental time travel—as assessed by an autobiographical recall task, suggesting that the salience of the present associated with TI reflects chronic difficulty in accessing past and future—and to working memory capacity, illustrating the pivotal role of cognitive resources in effective coping among older adults. Reflecting the perceived l...

Loneliness, attachment, and the perception and use of social support in university students.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

This study examined factors related to family, social, and romantic loneliness in 173 undergraduate students (66 males, 107 females). Participants completed measures of attachment style, perceived availability of social support, use of social support coping, and loneliness. Results indicated that participants with greater attachment security reported lower levels of all types of loneliness compared to those with less attachment security, and this was partially mediated by perceived social support but not the use of social support coping. When examining underlying attachment constructs, a more positive model of others was related to less family and social loneliness, and these associations were mediated by greater perceived social support. Model of others also was associated with less roman...

Efficacité d'un programme d'entraînement aux habiletés sociales pour enfants présentant des diagnostics psychiatriques hétérogènes. / Efficacy of a social skills program for children presenting with heterogeneous psychiatric diagnoses.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-session social skills group intervention for 9 to 14 years old children with mental health problems and poor peer relationships. The program (implemented in an outpatient clinic) combines social learning and cognitive-behavioural techniques to build children's social skills and relationships with peers. Participants (51 children; M age = 10.8 years, range = 9 to 14) presented one of the following primary diagnoses: ADHD, anxiety disorder, Asperger's syndrome, pervasive development disorder or adjustment disorder. They were matched on age, gender, diagnosis, and then randomly assigned to either the treatment or control/waiting list condition. Measures of children's social skills (SSRS; F. W. Gresham & S. N. Elliot, 1990) an...

An integrated model of self-harm: Identifying predictors of intent.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

The present study was conducted to investigate a Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model, which integrated social–cognitive and symptom variables as predictors of self-harm intent. Participants were 62 young adults with a history of self-harm who completed a series of online questionnaires to investigate the role of depressive symptoms and TPB components as predictors of self-harm intent. Social–cognitive variables predicted unique variance in self-harm intent after controlling for depressive symptoms. Specifically, more favourable attitudes toward self-harm and a lack of perceived behaviour control at the time of self-harm were unique predictors of intent. In the context of more frequent self-harm, attitudes remained a significant and unique predictor of self-harm intent. Favourable a...

Validation d'un questionnaire du sentiment d'imposture pour enfants et adolescents (QSIEA). / Validation of a questionnaire of the impostor feeling among children and teenagers.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

This paper presents the results of the validation of an instrument designed to assess the impostor feeling amongst children and adolescents. The first study was conducted with samples of students aged 10 to 17. It allowed showing that all the eight items loaded on a single factor that explains 57.6% of the variance. The test-retest procedure allowed concluding that the instrument was very stable over a 6-week period. The second study was conducted with a sample of late elementary school students. Results confirmed the factorial structure observed in the first study as well as its convergent validity. The discussion emphasises the potential utility of the instrument for both research and intervention purposes with young French speaking students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all r...

The moderating effects of attachment style on students' experience of a transition to university group facilitation program.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

This study investigated how attachment style predicted first-year students' responses to a transition to university group facilitation program. Participants (N = 148) at three universities were randomly assigned to a control or facilitation group. Each group consisted of on average six first-year students and two facilitators who met weekly for nine weeks at the beginning of the first semester to discuss issues relevant to the transition to university. Attachment styles (preoccupied, secure, dismissing, and fearful), feelings toward group experiences, and adjustment were assessed by questionnaire at the end of the program in November and again in March. Results indicated that, as hypothesised, dismissing style scores were generally negatively correlated with student attendance and feelings...

Étude exploratoire des attitudes envers l'activité physique chez les sujets souffrant d'un trouble panique. / Exploratory study of the attitudes towards physical-activity of subjects suffering from panic disorder.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 11 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The aim of this study was to assess the attitude of panic disorder patients with and without agoraphobia (PD/A) concerning physical activities. Self-report instruments were used to compare 141 PD/A subjects (68 being in remission of their symptoms) to 172 control subjects. Results indicated that PD/A subjects are more prone to apprehend physical sensations related to the practise of physical activities, more specifically tachycardia, vertigo and hot flushes. They also tend to fear that those symptoms could generate negative consequences. In comparison with control subjects, PD/A subjects find the practise of aerobic physical activities harder and less pleasurable. PD/A subjects considered in remission could present a cognitive style likely to maintain a vulnerability to recurrence of sympt...

Évaluation de la fiabilité d'un dispositif d'évaluation des habiletés sociales chez des adolescents ayant des troubles du comportement. / Evaluation of the reliability of a device of evaluation of the social skills of teenagers having behavioral problems.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 11 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Behaviour difficulties (BD) in school-age children and adolescent constitute an increasingly important concern for all participants in the Quebec and foreign education systems. The risk factors that can contribute to the development of BD are numerous (Kauffman, 2005). Amongst these appears a whole set of skills related to social competence (Bowen, Desbiens, Martin, & Hamel, 2001). The present study aims to test, by means of Generalisability theory, the reliability of the evaluation process developed to measure the level of teenage social skills according to various indicators (cooperation, self-control, assertion), various sources of information (adolescent, parent, and teacher), and various times (pretest, posttest 1, posttest 2). The coefficient of relative generalisability was found to...

Perfectionism dimensions and research productivity in psychology professors: Implications for understanding the (mal)adaptiveness of perfectionism.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 11 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The consequences of demanding perfection of oneself are hotly debated, with researchers typically arguing for either the adaptiveness or the maladaptiveness of this trait. Research informing this debate involves mainly psychiatric patients, undergraduates, and self-report data, suggesting a need to broaden this relatively narrow evidence base. The present study examines self-oriented perfectionism (i.e., demanding perfection of oneself), conscientiousness, socially prescribed perfectionism, neuroticism, and research productivity in psychology professors. Self-oriented perfectionism was negatively related to total number of publications, number of first-authored publications, number of citations, and journal impact rating, even after controlling for competing predictors (e.g., conscientious...

La face cachée de l'effet protecteur du désengagement psychologique au travail: Le cas des policiers. / The hidden side of the protective effect of psychological disengagement to work: The case of the police officers.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 11 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study has two goals. The first is to provide more information on the asymmetrical and negative link between psychological disengagement mechanisms and self-esteem level. The second is to pursue the investigation of the protective effect of psychological disengagement via the evaluation of another facet of self-esteem that is, its stability. This study conducted amongst 152 policemen confirms that disengagement allows individuals to secure their self-esteem stability. Results militate in favour of the occupation's social status to explain the variable association between disengagement and self-esteem level. In the discussion, we raise the veil on the hidden face of the protective effect of disengagement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Jou...

Assessing social approachability: Individual differences, in-group biases, and experimental control.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 11 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The willingness of strangers to approach others and engage in social interactions is a fundamental social evaluation. Yet, evidence is lacking on how well these social engagement decisions can be assessed. The authors evaluated the psychometric characteristics of an experimentally based measure of social approachability tendencies. Young adults (N = 130) rated the approachability of 48 emotionally neutral and mildly positive faces. Significant variance in approachability judgements was attributable to differences in the faces and in the participants making the judgements. Face-level approachability ratings were comparable across face gender and face race. Person-level approachability ratings identified reliable individual differences, gender, and race in-group biases, and subtle mere-expos...

L'impact de l'information saillante et du niveau de gravité du crime sur la décision du jury. / The impact of projecting information and the level of the crime on the decision of the jury.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 11 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The impact of salience and the effect of crime seriousness on juror's decision were examined together since both variables have been studied separately before. Previous research concluded that emotional stimuli (salience) have an impact on legal judgment. Moreover, the more serious the crime is perceived, greater are the assessments of guilt. A total of six groups of participants (n = 20 per group) assessed a crime description that varied from a nonserious offence (vandalism), to a more serious offence (arson), to a very serious offence (murder). Half of the descriptions were considered salient while the other half were non salient. The perception of crime seriousness was positively correlated with the judgement of guilt. The effect of salience and the degree of crime seriousness both have...

L'efficacité différenciée des pratiques pédagogiques sur les performances en mathématiques des élèves de sixième primaire en belgique francophone. / The difference in effectiveness of the teaching practices on the performances in mathematics of raised of sixth primary education in French-speaking Belgium.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 11 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This article aims at describing the variables that could explain the differences in mathematic results between pupils and between 6th grade classes in French-speaking Belgium. Class composition, a climate of discipline and rhythm clearly influence pupils' achievement in mathematics. In addition, the extent to which class characteristics differ as a function of class composition (mean characteristics of pupils within classes) was analysed. As such, we show that in “disadvantaged” classes, mathematics results improve when teachers refer to pupils' initial representations and maximise time-on-task. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)

Conceptual-motor compatibility and homonegativity: Approaching and avoiding words associated with homosexuality.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 11 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Two studies explored conceptual-motor compatibility effects underlying attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women. In Study 1, we tested if attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women would influence whether or not participants chose to engage in, and how quickly they engaged in, approach or avoidance motor movements. Participants responded to homosexual and heterosexual words on a computer screen by choosing to push (avoidance movement) or pull (approach movement) a computer mouse. Findings indicated that participants who were high in prejudice chose to make more prejudice-compatible motor responses than did participants who were low in prejudice. In Study 2, participants were randomly assigned to a prejudice-compatible or prejudice-incompatible motor movements condition. Results indicated...

Violence conjugale et qualité de la relation mère-enfant: Effet médiateur ou modérateur de la santé des mères ? / Marital violence and quality of the relation mother-child: Mediator effect or regulator of the health of the mothers.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 11 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study verifies if mothers' health has a mediator or a moderator effect on the connection between domestic violence and mother–child relationship. The study was conducted with 111 abused women and their children aged 6 to 12 years. An indicator of physical health and a score of psychological distress were used to measure mothers' health. The mother–child relationship was evaluated from both the mother's and the child's perspective. The results show that the 2 indicators of mother's health have no mediator effect, but have a moderator effect when the mother–child relationship was evaluated by children themselves. The discussion underlines the importance of mother's health as a protective factor for mother–child relationship and the incidence of this result for intervention. The ...

Empowering employees: The moderating role of perceived organisational climate and justice.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 11 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study is to assess whether organisational climate and justice perceptions moderate the relationship between supervisor empowering managerial practises (SEMPs) and employees' behavioural empowerment. Self-report data were gathered from a sample of 358 employees from three service-sector organisations in a cross-sectional study. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that both perceptions of organisational climate and justice interact with SEMPs in the prediction of employees' behavioural empowerment. As expected, SEMPs were more positively related to behavioural empowerment when perceptions of organisational supportive climate and justice were higher. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)

Étude exploratoire des attitudes envers l'activité physique chez les sujets souffrant d'un trouble panique. / Exploratory study of the attitudes towards physical-activity of subjects suffering from panic disorder.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 10 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Évaluation de la fiabilité d'un dispositif d'évaluation des habiletés sociales chez des adolescents ayant des troubles du comportement. / Evaluation of the reliability of a device of evaluation of the social skills of teenagers having behavioral problems.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 10 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Perfectionism dimensions and research productivity in psychology professors: Implications for understanding the (mal)adaptiveness of perfectionism.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 10 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

La face cachée de l'effet protecteur du désengagement psychologique au travail: Le cas des policiers. / The hidden side of the protective effect of psychological disengagement to work: The case of the police officers.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 10 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Assessing social approachability: Individual differences, in-group biases, and experimental control.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 10 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

L'impact de l'information saillante et du niveau de gravité du crime sur la décision du jury. / The impact of projecting information and the level of the crime on the decision of the jury.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 10 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

L'efficacité différenciée des pratiques pédagogiques sur les performances en mathématiques des élèves de sixième primaire en belgique francophone. / The difference in effectiveness of the teaching practices on the performances in mathematics of raised of sixth primary education in French-speaking Belgium.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 10 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conceptual-motor compatibility and homonegativity: Approaching and avoiding words associated with homosexuality.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 10 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Violence conjugale et qualité de la relation mère-enfant: Effet médiateur ou modérateur de la santé des mères ? / Marital violence and quality of the relation mother-child: Mediator effect or regulator of the health of the mothers.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 10 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Empowering employees: The moderating role of perceived organisational climate and justice.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 10 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Spontaneous trait inferences and organisational actions: The formation of organisation personality perceptions.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Organisation personality perceptions, or the attribution of human personality characteristics to an organisation, have been found to affect organisational attraction, job pursuit intentions, and organisational reputation. Although the presence and potency of these attributions have been established, little is known about the manner in which these attributions come about, particularly whether the process is consistent with personality attributions made about human targets. In the current paper, we extend previous work by investigating the underlying social–cognitive mechanism by which organisation personality perceptions are formed. Specifically, we tested the proposition that organisation personality perceptions are spontaneously inferred in a manner that is functionally isomorphic with ...

Validation en langue français d'une échelle d'ancrage territorial. / Validation in the French language of a scale of territorial anchoring.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

This article presents a series of 4 studies on the French validation of the Rootedness Scale (McAndrew, 1998). This scale is based upon Place Attachment theory (Shumaker & Taylor, 1983), which conceives place attachment as an affective tie resulting from dynamic interactions and transactions between a person and his/her environment. It contains two subscales: Desire for change (6 items) and Home/family (4 items). More than 300 students participated in these studies. The results show that the bidimensional structure of the Rootedness Scale was supported by exploratory and confirmatory analyses. The scale has adequate levels of internal consistency and temporal stability and its construct validity wa moreover confirmed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Ca...

Measuring homonegativity: A psychometric analysis.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Although several good instruments have been developed to measure homonegativity, a comparative psychometric analysis of such instruments has not been published since Schwanberg (1993). The current investigation draws on several samples (including an annual survey of introductory human sexuality students) to examine the psychometric properties of 3 commonly used measures of homonegativity: Hudson and Ricketts' (1980) Index of Homophobia, Herek's (1984, 1988) Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men, and Morrison and Morrison's (2002) Modern Homonegativity Scale. The validity of each instrument was assessed, and each demonstrated approximately normally distributed data, high reliability, and a unidimensional factor structure. The 3 instruments are strongly intercorrelated and demonstrate a high...

La perception de la relation père-enfant et l'adaptation des enfants suite au dévoilement d'une agression sexuelle. / The perception of father-child relations and the adaptation of the children following the revealing of a sexual aggression.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

The present study explores the link between the father–child relationship and outcomes following child sexual abuse disclosure cases. Seventy-nine children completed measures evaluating perceived attachment security to mother and father (Kerns Security Scale; Kerns, Klepac, & Cole, 1996), as well as the child's internalised and externalised behaviour problems (Dominic Interactif; Valla, Bergeron, St-Georges, & Berthiaume, 2000), and self-esteem (Self-Perception Profile for Children; Harter, 1985) after the disclosure of the sexual abuse. Results indicated that perceived attachment security to the father figure is not correlated with perceived attachment security to the mother. A series of hierarchical multiple regression revealed that perception of paternal attachment security added to t...

Traduction et validation d'une nouvelle mesure d'épuisement professionnel: Le shirom-melamed burnout measure. / Translation and validation of a new measurement of professional exhaustion: The Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

This research aims to empirically validate into the French language and for the first time the Shirom Melamed Burnout Measure (Shirom & Melamed, 2006). First proposed by its designers as an alternative to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981, 1986; Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter, 1996), this new measure of professional burnout is presented as an extension of the conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989). Based on 2 samples of 203 and 214 individuals, respectively, the present study not only validates the French wording of English items but also confirms satisfactory psychometric properties of the original scale. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)

Where do anxious children “fit” best? Childcare and the emergence of anxiety in early childhood.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

The goal of this study was to explore the role of childcare history as a potential moderating factor in the development of anxiety in early elementary school. Data were drawn from multiple cycles of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. At Time 1, the sample included n = 3,100 children aged 4 to 5 years. Based on parent ratings at Time 1, groups of extremely anxious, aggressive, and comorbid children were identified, as well as a comparison group. Parents also reported on children's primary care experiences (e.g., centre-based care, home-based care, no care). Two years later, teachers provided ratings of child anxiety and aggression in elementary school. Results indicated an interaction between early behavioural risk group and childcare type in the prediction of later anx...

Adolescents' motivation toward the environment: Age-related trends and correlates.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

From a self-determination perspective, we attempted to replicate previous findings suggesting that higher autonomous environmental motivation (i.e., acting out of choice and pleasure) is associated with the frequency of environmental behaviours such as recycling, paper reuse, and energy conservation. We also compared students' level of autonomous environmental motivation with their level of autonomous academic motivation. We then examined age effects on autonomous environmental motivation and compared them to age effects on autonomous academic motivation. A total of 200 high school students grouped into 5 age cohorts filled out a questionnaire. Results showed that (1) adolescents' autonomous environmental motivation was associated with more frequent environmental behaviours, (2) autonomous...

Bidimensional measurement of acculturation in a multiethnic community sample of first-generation immigrants.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Despite the rapid growth of the acculturation research literature in recent years, few studies have examined acculturation among community samples of immigrants in Canada. The present study used a bidimensional approach to examine acculturation among Anglophone Caribbean (n = 109), Vietnamese (n = 97), and Filipino (n = 109) first-generation immigrant adults living in a diverse urban community in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Heritage and mainstream cultural orientations were independently assessed in 3 domains of acculturation: loyalty, behaviour, and situated identity. Across the 3 domains and the 3 groups, the 2 cultural orientations were largely independent, though in the Vietnamese and Filipino samples heritage group loyalty was positively related to mainstream group loyalty. Overall, res...

Validation canadienne-française de l’échelle des styles d’orientation des buts (ESOB).

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

This study documents the psychometric properties of a French version of the GOS. The instrument was translated and verified by expert translators then administered to 219 French-speaking students enrolled in two Quebec Universities. The subjects also responded to a measure of fear of negative evaluation, general self efficacy and locus of control. Analyses of the factor structure, internal consistency, temporal stability and the pattern of correlations with external variables indicates that this French version converges with the original English instrument. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)

Les relations avec les pairs à l’adolescence comme facteurs de risque de l’insatisfaction à l’égard de l’image corporelle.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study is to determine the extent to which certain risk factors in terms of peer relations (e.g., incentives to dieting and negative criticism concerning physical appearance, peer victimization, level of body image dissatisfaction compared to mutual friends of the same sex, and frequency of conversations between friends concerning physical appearance) account for observed changes in the level of body image dissatisfaction (BID) at the onset of adolescence. Information on BID of 594 students of first and second year of secondary school was collected over a period of 2 consecutive years. The results show that certain individual characteristics such as gender, body mass index and general self-esteem of students in the first period are respectively associated with an incre...

Eliciting information from groups: Social information and the Concealed Information Test.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Polygraph recordings of physiological reactions to a Group Concealed Information Test identified exposure to one of three mock village scenarios. Sixty-nine participants worked in groups on a card construction project while viewing tea making, bomb making, or no event. Participants denied knowledge of the events, but skin resistance and heart rate scores analysed by means of a multivariate analysis of variance, F(8, 106) = 4.08, and analyses of variance showed the tea group responding most on tea-related questions on skin resistance, F(2, 56) = 11.57, and heart rate, F(2, 56) = 4.58. The bomb group was highest for skin resistance, F(2, 56) = 6.17. Four of five and three of four groups who witnessed bomb and tea making, respectively, were identified at the 90% level of confidence, with comb...

Structure factorielle et fidélité du questionnaire d’excès aux loteries vidéo.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

This study analyses the factorial structure (exploratory factor analysis) of the questionnaire d`excès aux loteries video (QELVI, video lotteries excess scale). A sample of 290 video lottery gamblers completed the QELVI (20 items). The QELVI’s convergent validity with the obsessive passion subscale of Rousseau, Vallerand, Ratelle, Mageau, and Provencher (2002) and its temporal stability (1 month) was examined. The QELVI has a unifactorial structure that explains 71% of common variance, an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .97) and temporal stability (Intraclass correlation = .92). Pathological gamblers’ mean QELVI score is higher than that of at-risk gamblers and the mean score of at-risk gamblers is higher than that of nonproblem gamblers. The questionnaire’s psy...

Psychologists’ sexual education and training in graduate school.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

The current study explored the sex education and training that clinical and counselling psychologists receive during graduate school, practicum placements and internship. There were 162 psychologists who completed an Internet survey. Although nearly all participants had received some form of education related to sexuality during their graduate training, the depth and breadth of training was limited and was not related to how long clinicians had been practising. Modelling and feedback appeared to be underutilized as training methods. Participants reported more training related to sexual problems (e.g., sexual violence, sexual disorders) than healthy sexuality (e.g., contraception, STIs/STDs). Sexuality-specific training experiences but not participant characteristics (e.g., gender, religios...

Engagement scolaire, bien-être personnel et autodétermination chez des étudiants à l’université.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

This article describes a study that was conducted with a sample of 266 university students and which was guided by two objectives: (a) applying a three-dimensional model of commitment to the academic area, while therein including new motivational considerations and, (b) exploring the nature of the psychological mechanisms by which academic commitment and self-determination interact to predict students’ personal well-being. Exploratory factor analyses allowed the validation of a first version of the Academic Commitment Scale. Correlational and multiple regression analyses permitted the corroboration of the hypothesis pertaining to the positive relationship between academic commitment and personal well-being amongst students. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses led to the corroboration o...

The overlapping contributions of attachment orientation and social support in predicting life-events distress.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and perceived social support are examined as predictors of life-events distress. Clients at initial intake to an addiction treatment centre and university students in their graduating year were administered measures of attachment orientation, social support, and the experience of distressing life events. Hypotheses were tested across different categories of distressing life events (overall distress, bereavement, relationship dissolution, crime victimization, and severe accidents). We found that attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance have varying predictive utility for distress, depending on the type of event. Social support did not account for variance beyond attachment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Can...

Bidimensional measurement of acculturation in a multiethnic community sample of first-generation immigrants.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Validation canadienne-française de l’échelle des styles d’orientation des buts (ESOB).

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Les relations avec les pairs à l’adolescence comme facteurs de risque de l’insatisfaction à l’égard de l’image corporelle.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Eliciting information from groups: Social information and the Concealed Information Test.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Structure factorielle et fidélité du questionnaire d’excès aux loteries vidéo.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Psychologists’ sexual education and training in graduate school.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Engagement scolaire, bien-être personnel et autodétermination chez des étudiants à l’université.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

The overlapping contributions of attachment orientation and social support in predicting life-events distress.

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science — Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Bidimensional measurement of acculturation in a multiethnic community sample of first-generation immigrants.