MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Cancer Treatment Reviews' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 08:41:23 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647171&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737212000072%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647171 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 13:23:04 +0100 5647171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457079&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211002398%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457079 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 01:54:52 +0100 5457079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457078&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211002234%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457078 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 01:54:52 +0100 5457078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457081&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211001198%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) have a poor prognosis. Although DIPG constitute only 10–15% of all pediatric brain tumors, they are the main cause of death in this group. Despite 26 clinical trials in newly diagnosed DIPG in the past 5years (including several targeted agents), there is no clear improvement in prognosis. However, knowledge on DIPG biology is increasing, mainly due to the (re)introduction of biopsies and autopsies, the possibility of gene expression profiling, and the development of in vivo models. Translation of this knowledge into clinical trials in combination with improved drug distribution methods may eventually lead to more effective treatment of this devastating disease. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457081 Mon, 18 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5457081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647175&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000983%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Taken together, these data indicate that oral vinorelbine is a highly effective and well tolerated agent which can be used in first-line and subsequent metastatic breast cancer settings. Moreover, this compound may offer the specific advantages of oral chemotherapy, as fewer and shorter hospital visits, delayed use of central venous access devices and maintained social activities. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647175 Mon, 11 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5647175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457083&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721100079X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent and deadliest cancers worldwide. Liver transplantation, surgical resection or local ablation offer the best survival advantages but most patients either present when the tumor is in an advanced stage or the degree of underlying liver disease precludes these options. Several therapies have been proposed for these patients with proven survival benefits. These therapies comprise the locoregional treatment for HCC, and include percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), transarterial radioembolization (TARE), and drug-eluting bead (DEB). PEI and RFA are considered curative treatments for early stage HCC; whereas TACE is a standard of care for intermediate stages... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457083 Mon, 04 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5457083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647172&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000776%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Homologous recombination (HR) is a process by which DNA double strand breaks are repaired through the alignment of homologous sequences of DNA. Interest continues to increase in HR pathway function due to the development of new therapeutic agents which selectively exploit DNA damage repair pathways. Currently the most promising of these new agents are inhibitors of poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP). The response of cancers known to be deficient in HR, due to BRCA1 or 2 mutations has been demonstrated, and a wider use of PARP inhibitors in cancers with mutations of other HR pathway genes has been suggested. With ongoing clinical studies into the use of PARP inhibitors, further understanding of the HR pathway, to allow patient selection by cancer biology, is now essential. Numerou... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647172 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5647172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647176&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000995%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The use of targeted agents to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has significantly extended progression-free and overall survival but raises issues relating to the long-term delivery of care and the sustained monitoring of efficacy and toxicities, certain of which have not previously been experienced. In this paper, an expert group of medical oncologists, urologists and oncology nurses and pharmacists review and make informal recommendations on the multidisciplinary management of mRCC in the light of progress made and problems that have arisen. Decentralisation of care, with a shift in emphasis from large to small hospitals and possibly to the community, may offer advantages of cost and convenience. However, the major responsibility for care should continue to lie with ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647176 Mon, 20 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5647176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5097154&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211001009%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► An appropriate biomarker that indicates mucosal damage following cancer therapies may allow for rapid intervention and improved patient outcomes. ► Citrulline and Calprotecin are two biomarkers which have shown great potential in the oncological clinical setting. ► Biomarkers of toxicity require validation in both large multi-institutional studies and in animal models.Abstract: Regimen-related mucosal toxicity is extremely common following cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The alimentary mucosa is particularly susceptible to injury and dysfunction, leading to a constellation of adverse side effects. Currently there is no “one fit” biomarker of such injury. A number of biomarkers have been investigated in the context of gastrointestinal diseases, which may pro... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5097154 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5097154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647180&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211001010%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Bone-seeking radionuclides, such as Sr-89, Sm-153, and Re-186, have been shown to have an effect on pain from bone metastasis in prostate cancer. The effect on bone pain in other cancer types, including breast cancer, remains unclear. The purpose of the study was to perform a systematic review of the use of radioisotopes for pain relief in metastatic breast cancer. A literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science (1970 to September 2009) for clinical studies with a primary outcome of pain, performance status, or quality of life. Eligibility criteria were the following: (1) the trial must include at least 10 breast cancer patients with painful bone metastasis, (2) the radionuclide has been approved by regulatory authorities in Europe or the United States and... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647180 Fri, 17 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5647180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5323769&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000612%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related-death. Most patients present with an advanced stage of disease that has a dismal outcome. Evidently, there is a clear need for the development of new agents with novel mechanisms of action in the treatment of this disease. A number of biological agents modulating different signal transduction pathways are currently in clinical development, such as angiogenesis inhibitors and agents targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, cell cycle, matrix metalloproteinases, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) or proteasome. This is the first systematic review of the literature to synthesize all available data coming from trials and evaluate the efficacy and safety of molecular targeted drugs in unresectab... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5323769 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5323769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647174&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000806%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Background: The role for adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) after curative resection in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma remains unclear. Due to the lack of randomized trials, available data comes from single center experiences or data-based population studies with inconclusive results.Objective: To assess the impact of radiotherapy (with or without concurrent chemotherapy) on toxicity and survival of radically resected patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer (extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer and pure ampullary cancer).Data sources and study selection: Eligible studies with data on survival, recurrence and toxicity were retrieved from the MEDLINE, ISI web of science, EMBASE and Cochrane databases from January 1995 to December 2008, to ensure that all ART treatments ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647174 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5647174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457084&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000405%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A biomarker is defined as “a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic/pharmacodynamic responses to a therapeutic intervention”. Various assays, including immunohistochemistry, gene constitution such as amplification, mutation, and rearrangement, gene and protein expression analysis such as single gene or protein expression, exhaustive analysis and gene or protein signature and single nucleotide polymorphism have been used to identify biomarkers in recent years. No therapeutic effects have yet been predicted based on the results of such exhaustive gene analysis because of low reproducibility although some correlate with the prognosis of patients. Biomarkers such as HER2 for br... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457084 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5457084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5323770&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721100065X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the role of the fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor pathways in angiogenesis and provides a summary of dual (e.g., sorafenib, sunitinib) and triple (e.g., BIBF 1120, pazopanib) antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors currently in development for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5323770 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5323770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877446&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000831%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877446 Mon, 30 May 2011 14:55:34 +0100 4877446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647179&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000703%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: There was a lack of consistency of results between studies due to differences in study design, chemotherapy regimen, tumor type and stage of treatment examined. These results provide insufficient evidence to suggest chemotherapy has a significant or consistent influence on taste. There is a consistent, albeit small, body of evidence indicating food liking and appetite are adversely affected by chemotherapy and some evidence that declines in liking and appetite are reversed over time. Overall, more longitudinal studies of specific classes of chemotherapy drugs are required to accurately define the nature, magnitude and time course of taste, food liking and appetite changes over the treatment trajectory. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647179 Thu, 26 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5647179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647173&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000764%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Despite recent advances in prevention, screening, molecular characterization, and treatment, cancer evolution is still associated with late local, regional, or metastastic recurrence, even in early stages. Residual tumor cells can persist locally as cancer stem cells, in the blood flow as circulating tumor cells, and in distant organs as disseminated tumor cells or micrometastasis, defining three faces of minimal residual disease. Definition, preclinical models and clinical implications of these patterns will be detailed, with emphasis on overlaps and therapeutic implications, to determine whether minimal residual disease is only an old concept currently revisited, or a major shift in cancer paradigm. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647173 Thu, 26 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5647173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457082&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000636%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of malignancy-related mortality worldwide, with over one million cases diagnosed yearly. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for >80% of all lung cancers. Because lung cancer is typically diagnosed at an advanced stage, chemotherapy (CT) is the mainstay of management. Conventional treatment of NSCLC has apparently reached a plateau of effectiveness in improving survival of patients, and treatment outcomes must still be considered disappointing. Hence, considerable efforts have been made in order to identify novel targeted agents that interfere with other dysregulated pathways in advanced NSCLC patients. In order to further improve the results of targeted therapy, we should not forget that lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease with mu... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457082 Wed, 18 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5457082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5323768&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000697%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: While the over-representation of the elderly in the breast cancer population is projected to dramatically increase within the next two decades, data on chemotherapy for elderly patients with metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC) remain very limited. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether elderly patients included in clinical studies for MBC are representative of the population seen during usual clinical practice. Firstly, a review of the literature was performed identifying 39 publications about chemotherapy for MBC focusing on elderly patients and we examined patient characteristics in each of these publications. Comparison of the age distribution of patients included in these studies with that of a large cohort of consecutive MBC patients aged 65years who received c... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5323768 Wed, 18 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5323768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5323767&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000685%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present an overview of current literature on assays for CTCs as pharmacodynamic biomarker, their different targets of interest and their level of validation, followed by discussion of their limitations. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5323767 Wed, 18 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5323767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5097147&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000673%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Sarcomas of the head and neck region are a rare group of tumors in children and present challenges with regard to evaluation and treatment. Rhabdomyosarcomas are the most common sarcomas of the head and neck in children. Presence of metastases and complete surgical resectability continue to be the most relevant clinical prognostic factors in patients with sarcomas. However, many patients present with unresectable tumors; these require radiation therapy, which is associated with concerns about immediate and long-term side effects. New technologies, including proton beam therapy (PBT), appear very promising in terms of reducing acute and long-term toxic effects. A multi-disciplinary approach is required for best long-term outcomes in children with head and neck sarcomas. (Source: C... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5097147 Tue, 17 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5097147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457085&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000648%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM, CD326) is a pleiotropic molecule that potentially offers therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. Initially described as a dominant surface antigen on human colon carcinoma, it is a transmembrane glycoprotein mediating epithelial-specific intercellular cell–adhesion. Recent data suggest that EpCAM is also involved in cell signaling, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Since EpCAM is expressed exclusively in epithelia and epithelial-derived neoplasms, EpCAM can be used as diagnostic marker. Testing for EpCAM is based on morphology and phenotypical staining and can be performed with primary carcinoma tissue and cells harvested from malignant effusions. Stable or highly expressed EpCAM has been detected in most adenocarcinom... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457085 Mon, 16 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5457085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5196176&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000661%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) are radiation planning and delivery techniques used for the treatment of intracranial and spine/spinal cord tumors and targets. For cranial SRS and SRT, critical normal tissues/structures include the brainstem, cranial nerves, cochlea and normal brain parenchyma. For spine SRS/SRT, critical normal tissues/structures include the spinal cord, cauda equina as well as neighboring organs. This paper reviews clinical studies investigating central nervous system dose tolerances after cranial or spinal SRS/SRT. The impact of dose, volume, fractionation, and other relevant clinic-pathologic variables are discussed, as are limitations of the published data. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5196176 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5196176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647178&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000600%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Eribulin mesylate offers clinical activity in advanced breast cancer through improved overall survival, its favorable side-effect profile and convenience of preparation and administration. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647178 Tue, 10 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5647178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647177&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000624%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present here the most recent findings about the role and biology of sHER2 based on data obtained using a standardized test, which has been cleared by FDA in 2000, for measuring sHER2. This test includes quality control assessments and has been already widely used to evaluate the clinical utility of sHER2 as a biomarker in breast cancer. We will describe in detail data concerning the assessment of sHER2 as a surrogate maker to optimize the evaluation of the HER2 status of a primary tumor and as a prognosis and predictive marker of response to therapies, both in early and metastatic breast cancer. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647177 Mon, 09 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5647177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5097152&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000582%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this article is to review the concept of targeted antiangiogenic agents and the early clinical results of their use in combination with radiation therapy. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5097152 Thu, 05 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5097152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457080&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000594%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Below a certain age protocols in pediatric oncology on cytostatic drug therapy advise use, of other parameters such as weight for dosing; this instead of the most conventional parameter, i.e. body surface area. In infants it is not uncommon that additional reductions are put on top of this for each cytostatic drugs to be administered. The rationale behind this is often lacking. Differences related to the ontogeny of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion are often not mentioned. Considering characteristics, such as lipophilia, ionization in relation to pH and size of the molecule and linking these characteristics with age related shifts in the gastrointestinal tract, composition of the body and renal function; predictions on pharmacokinetics (PK) in these infants can ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457080 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5457080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457087&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000417%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related death, and chemoprevention is defined as the use of natural or synthetic substances to prevent cancer formation or cancer progress. Evidence that phenolic compounds may have a potential inhibitory effect on cancer invasion and metastasis is increasingly being reported in the scientific literature. Curcumin, resveratrol, and their related derivatives are the most studied compounds in this topic so far; gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, carnosol, capsaicin, 6-shogaol, 6-gingerol, and their corresponding derivatives are also suggested to be the active members of the phenolic family on anti-invasion and anti-metastasis. Because metastasis occurs through a multistep process, these bioactives might act on a variety of st... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457087 Wed, 13 Apr 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5457087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5323773&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000430%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Despite the advances in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment, current therapies are not curative in a significant proportion of patients. Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT), when combined with radiation therapy, could improve the outcome of treatment for prostate cancer, the second leading cause of cancer death in the western world. GDEPT involves the introduction of a therapeutic transgene, which can be targeted to the tumour cells. A prodrug is administered systemically and is converted to its toxic form only in those cells containing the transgene, resulting in cell kill. This review will discuss the clinical trials which have investigated the potential of GDEPT at various stages of prostate cancer progression. The advantages of using GDEPT in combination with rad... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5323773 Wed, 13 Apr 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5323773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877450&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000429%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: No evidence for distinct biology or outcome of NCUP patients emerged when histological grade was matched for known primary NETs. The high heterogeneity of the NCUP subgroup limits the potential for identification of reliable prognosticators and hinders development of novel targeted therapies. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877450 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4877450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5097143&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210002197%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Most economic evaluations of MBC have utilized secondary rather than primary data, and have used scenarios and assumptions which may be inaccurate or outdated. The quality of evidence disseminated to decision-makers could be improved by adherence to best practices in cost-effectiveness analyses. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5097143 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5097143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664774&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000454%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664774 Fri, 01 Apr 2011 15:58:00 +0100 4664774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5196172&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000399%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: In anal cancer T3/T4 lesions fare badly (3year DFS 40–68%). Cisplatin appears an effective drug, but novel strategies have not allowed progress from the schedule of chemoradiation using MMC, infusional 5FU and radiotherapy – the paradigm developed by Nigro over 30years ago. Different cytotoxic agents such as capecitabine, oxaliplatin and docetaxel, and biologically targeted agents – either an EGFR monoclonal antibody or an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which exploits this pathway, might offer an alternative. In particular, the role of EGFR inhibition following chemoradiation should be explored. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5196172 Tue, 29 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5196172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877448&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000387%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from established vasculature, is a fundamental process in the growth and metastasis of solid tumours. It is a complex, tightly regulated process that requires the coordinated action of antiangiogenic and proangiogenic factors, the balance of which becomes disturbed during tumour development. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor are the key mediators of angiogenesis and targets for multiple pharmacologic agents. Many patients treated with VEGF inhibitors survive for a longer period; however, eventual resistance is associated with progressive disease and death. Multiple approaches to overcome resistance have been investigated with varying success, including the use of agents that target multiple angiogenic facto... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877448 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4877448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4593897&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000259%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4593897 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 15:28:42 +0100 4593897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877449&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000235%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Discussion: The research on this topic is limited and only available in the form of case series. Direct comparison between these series cannot be drawn. The available series lack a clear assessment of the patient’s frailty and do not define which patients should be offered breast reconstruction and which ones should be denied. Despite this, the evidence strongly suggests that it would be beneficial to offer elderly patients reconstructive surgery, dependent on their individual risk.A careful pre-operative assessment allows selecting the appropriate candidate on the basis of fitness, particularly when long and complex reconstructive procedures involving microvascular transfer such as DIEP or free TRAM flaps are considered. Reasons why patients decide to decline breast reconstruction may h... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877449 Thu, 03 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4877449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5097150&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000193%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib have been incorporated into treatment paradigms for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. These agents are particularly effective in a subset of patients whose tumors harbor activating epidermal growth factor receptor mutations. However, most patients do not respond to these tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and those who do will eventually acquire resistance that typically results from a secondary epidermal growth factor receptor mutation (e.g., T790M), mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor amplification, or activation of other signaling pathways. For patients whose tumors have wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor, there are several known mechanisms of initi... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5097150 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 5097150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877454&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721000215X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Long term prognosis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors is affected by late toxicity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Cardiovascular complications of radiotherapy have been shown to have a great impact on the long term survival. The aim of this review is to summarize the available data on different screening modalities for cardiovascular disease and to suggest a screening program.Patients older than 45years at HL diagnosis should be screened for coronary artery disease (CAD) starting 5years after mediastinal radiotherapy; they are at increased risk of pre-existent atherosclerosis which can be accelerated by radiotherapy. Screening for CAD should start 10years after radiotherapy in younger patients. The best screening modality for CAD is subject of discussion, based on the latest ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877454 Fri, 18 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4877454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5323772&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000223%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Despite rapid advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most difficult human malignancies to be treated, with a mortality rate nearly equal to its incidence. Although gemcitabine has been established as the standard first-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer, gemcitabine-based combination chemotherapy showed either marginal or no improvement in survival. Developments in liposomal delivery systems have facilitated the targeting of specific agents for cancer treatment. Such systems could be developed as platforms for future multi-functional theranostic nanodevices tailor-made for the combined detection of early cancer and functional drug delivery. We systemically review liposome based drug-delivery systems, which can provide improved ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5323772 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5323772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5196171&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721100020X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Based on the studies reviewed, patients treated with IMRT experience statistically significant improvements in several important QoL domains versus 2DRT and 3DCRT. However, studies included heterogeneous populations, different timepoints for measurements and a variety of instruments for QoL assessment. Accepting the difficulties in execution, IMRT should be compared with 3DCRT in prospective randomised studies in homogeneous patient populations, using appropriate QoL assessments and clinical end points, to establish if IMRT provides enough value for the additional resources involved. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5196171 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 5196171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877447&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000211%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Molecular imaging with PET, and certainly integrated PET-CT, combining functional and anatomical imaging, has many potential advantages over anatomical imaging alone in the combined modality treatment of lung cancer. The aim of the current article is to review the available evidence regarding PET with FDG and other tracers in the combined modality treatment of locally advanced lung cancer. The following topics are addressed: tumor volume definition, outcome prediction and the added value of PET after therapy, and finally its clinical implications and future perspectives.The additional value of FDG-PET in defining the primary tumor volume has been established, mainly in regions with atelectasis or post-treatment effects. Selective nodal irradiation (SNI) of FDG-PET positive nodal ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877447 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4877447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465180&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000065%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465180 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 15:25:23 +0100 4465180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5196169&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000041%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Because of its direct clinical relevance, overall survival is the gold standard endpoint for measuring clinical efficacy. However, achieving improvements in overall survival can be confounded by factors such as crossover to active treatment arms and subsequent treatment with non-experimental active therapies. Powering studies to detect significant overall survival increases requires prohibitively large patient numbers and long follow-up and may not always be practical. Trials incorporating progression free survival (PFS) or time to progression (TTP) as primary outcome measures are likely to be shorter, require fewer patients and are usually more affordable, which may ultimately translate into a more rapid evaluation of potentially effective experimental therapies. In heavily pret... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5196169 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 5196169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5196174&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721100003X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a highly aggressive cancer with a very poor prognosis. Although the mechanism of carcinogenesis is not fully understood, approximately 80% of malignant pleural mesothelioma can be attributed to asbestos fiber exposure. This disease is largely unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and most patients die within 10–17months of their first symptoms. Currently, malignant pleural mesothelioma therapy is guided by clinical stage and patient characteristics rather than by the histological or molecular features of the tumor. Several molecular pathways involved in malignant pleural mesothelioma have been identified; these include cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, growth factor pathways, and angiogenesis. Unfortunately, several agents ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5196174 Wed, 02 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 5196174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5097149&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210002173%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Oral cyclophosphamide treatment for patients with castration-refractory prostate cancer deserves more attention and validation, and warrants further testing of various treatment combinations. Given the fact that castration-refractory prostate cancer includes an extremely heterogeneous group of patients with variability of tumor growth rates, the combination of cyclophosphamide with other active agents such as angiogenesis inhibitors and immunomodulatory compounds need to be explored. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5097149 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 5097149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5097144&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737211000028%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Gene signatures may complement clinical and pathological factors to predict prognosis and response to therapy in patients with breast cancer, and can also sub-classify these tumours into entities with different biology and treatment requirements. A number of prognostic gene signatures are commercially available at this moment and two of them have entered phase III evaluation. Specific signatures are also being assessed to predict response to a number of drug therapies. The combined use of prognostic, predictive and subtype-defining signatures will guide therapeutic decisions in the future and will facilitate development of targeted drugs in specific groups of patients. However, cost-utility issues and some technical limitations have hindered widespread adoption of gene profiling. ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5097144 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 5097144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5196170&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210002185%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Currently, platinum-based combination chemotherapy is the standard first-line chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Historically, platinum-based chemotherapy has been recommended for up to six cycles even for responders, and second-line chemotherapy has been considered when disease progression is confirmed. In spite of extensive investigations into maintenance chemotherapy, no positive data have been obtained; however, the results of recent clinical trials suggest both the safety and efficacy of maintenance chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC, although it is still controversial. In this review, we summarize the major clinical trials of maintenance chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC, and discuss its clinical validity and present future perspectives. (Source: Cancer... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5196170 Mon, 24 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 5196170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877451&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210002161%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: UUT-SCC is an extremely rare tumor characterized by an aggressive clinical course. Local or distant metastases are frequent and survival is poor. Pathological stage appeared to be a prognostic factor for overall survival. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877451 Mon, 24 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4877451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5196175&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210002124%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: SPARC (a secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) has a reputation for being potent anti-cancer and anti-obesity molecule. It is one of the first known matricellular protein that modulates interactions between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) and is associated with the ‘balance’ of white adipose tissue (WAT) as well as lipogenesis and lipolysis during adipogenesis. Adipogenesis is an indication for the development of obesity and has been related to a wide variety of cancers including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, etc. Adipogenesis mainly involves ECM remodeling, changes in cell-ECM interactions, and cytoskeletal rearrangement. SPARC can also prevent hypertrophy of adipocytes and hyperplasia of adipocyte progenitors. In addition to SPARC’s in... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5196175 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 5196175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5323771&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210002148%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: There is increasing optimism for the use of non-pathogenic viruses in the treatment of many cancers. Initial interest in oncolytic virotherapy was based on the observation of an occasional clinical resolution of a lymphoma after a systemic viral infection. In many cancers, by comparison with normal tissues, the competency of the cellular anti-viral mechanism is impaired, thus creating an exploitable difference between the tumour and normal cells, as an unimpeded viral proliferation in cancer cells is eventually cytocidal. In addition to their oncolytic capability, these particular viruses may be engineered to facilitate gene delivery to tumour cells to produce therapeutic effects such as cytokine secretion and anti -tumour immune responses prior to the eventual cytolysis. There i... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5323771 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5323771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5097148&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210002136%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: While basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignancy, distant metastases from this are rare. Current therapy for disseminated BCC is based on anecdotal reports in the absence of clinical trials to guide management. For many years, platinum based cytotoxic chemotherapy was the mainstay of treatment. Advances in the understanding of the biology of BCC have led to the development of targeted therapies (e.g. inhibitors of the hedgehog and the epidermal growth factor receptor pathways) that are currently being investigated in this disease. This review summarizes the available data on the epidemiology and management of disseminated BCC. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5097148 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 5097148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877452&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001933%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The introduction of molecularly targeted therapies has ushered in a considerable transformation in the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) that currently defines the paradigm of targeted therapy for solid tumors. Indeed, in the past decade the management of GIST has evolved from a disease only effectively treatable by surgery to the archetype of a tumor treatable with a molecularly targeted therapy. Better understanding of the molecular and genetic characteristics that underlie the aberrant behavior of GIST has increased the accuracy of its diagnosis and allowed for the identification of distinct genetic hallmarks, prognostic groups, and treatment strategies. Collectively, this has resulted in the development of the targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imati... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877452 Mon, 03 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4877452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5196173&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001945%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The median survival for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma remains extremely poor and there is a need for the development of more effective treatment modalities. The epidermal growth factor receptor is frequently over-expressed in malignant pleural mesothelioma samples and therefore may be a potential therapeutic target. Targeted EGFR therapy has been successful in non-small cell lung cancer using small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and in colorectal cancer using monoclonal anti-EGFR antibodies. However, phase II clinical trials based on EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy have so far not shown promise in mesothelioma. This review includes a background to targeted EGFR treatment strategies, explores putative therapy resistance mechanisms, including the role of ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5196173 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5196173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877453&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001957%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In 1997, the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (MAb) rituximab became the first MAb approved for clinical use in oncology, and ushered in a new era of rationally designed targeted agents in cancer therapeutics. It is currently approved for use in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Rituximab is non-mutagenic, associated with low treatment-related toxicity, and few, if any, long term adverse events, making it an attractive agent to be tried in off-label settings like Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). HL consists of two distinct subtypes – classic HL (cHL) and lymphocyte predominant HL (LPHL). CD20 is present in virtually all patients with LPHL, and in a significant minority of patients with cHL. In this CD20 positive sub-population, the u... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877453 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4877453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5097145&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210002070%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer is evolving and subsequent adjuvant systemic treatment is mainly based on the presence of the Estrogen (ER) receptor, Progesterone (PR) receptor and Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) status on the core needle biopsy prior to treatment. It is not well known whether these biomarkers change after NAC, requiring a change in further adjuvant systemic treatment. A review of the literature (PubMed search) revealed 32 relevant studies that investigated the concordance of the hormone receptors (ER and/or PR) and HER2 after NAC with or without trastuzumab. Discordance of the hormone receptor status was reported in four out of eight studies in 8–33% of the patients. About half of the studies that tested the ER and PR receptor ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5097145 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5097145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5097151&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210002082%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Metastatic malignant melanoma remains one of the most dreaded skin cancers worldwide. Numerous factors contribute to its resistance to hosts of treatment regimes and despite significant scientific advances over the last decade in the field of chemotherapeutics and melanocytic targets, there still remains the need for improved therapeutic modalities. Photodynamic therapy, a minimally invasive therapeutic modality has been shown to be effective in a number of oncologic and non-oncologic conditions. Using second-generation stable, lipophilic photosensitizers with optimised wavelengths, PDT may be a promising tool for adjuvant therapy in combating melanoma. Potential targets for PDT in melanoma eradication include cell proliferation inhibition, activation of cell death and reduction ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5097151 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5097151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4233920&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001970%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4233920 Tue, 07 Dec 2010 14:24:22 +0100 4233920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664780&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001908%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Many methods of systemic anticancer treatment have detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system, thus limiting the possibility of further therapy, worsening patients’ quality of life and increasing mortality. The best recognized and most clinically relevant is the cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines. Other cytotoxic drugs associated with significant risk of cardiovascular complications include alkylating agents, 5-fluorouracil and paclitaxel. Cardiovascular adverse effects are also associated with the use of targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab, bevacizumab and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and some of the drugs used in the treatment of hematological malignancies, such as all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide.The most serious cardiac complication of anticancer therapy ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664780 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4664780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4233921&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721000191X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4233921 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4233921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664778&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001763%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Disease dissemination is the major cause of melanoma-related death. A crucial step in the metastatic process is the intravascular invasion and circulation of melanoma cells in the bloodstream with subsequent development of distant micrometastases that is initially clinically undetectable and will eventually progress into clinically apparent metastasis. Therefore, the use of molecular methods to detect circulating melanoma cells may be of value in risk stratification and clinical management of such patients. Herein, we review the currently applied techniques for the detection, isolation, enrichment and further characterization of circulating melanoma cells from peripheral blood samples in melanoma patients. Furthermore, we provide a brief overview of the various molecular markers c... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664778 Wed, 24 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4664778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4168426&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001787%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4168426 Tue, 16 Nov 2010 04:47:23 +0100 4168426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664779&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001751%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the relevance of these factors to imatinib’s clinical activity and response in the context of what has been demonstrated in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and in light of new data correlating imatinib exposure to response in patients with GIST. Because of the wide inter-patient variability in drug exposure with imatinib in both CML and GIST, blood level testing (BLT) may play a role in investigating instances of suboptimal response, unusually severe toxicities, drug–drug interactions, and suspected non-adherence. Published clinical data in CML and in GIST were considered, including data from a PK substudy of the B2222 trial correlating imatinib blood levels with clinical responses in patients with GIST. Imatinib trough plasma levels (Source: Cancer Treatment R... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664779 Mon, 15 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4664779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664781&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001593%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Trastuzumab is used widely for the treatment of early and advanced breast cancer. However, concerns have arisen regarding its cardiac toxicity. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the overall risk of cardiac dysfunction associated with trastuzumab treatment.Methods: We searched PubMed and Web of Science (January 1966–July 2009) and American Society of Clinical Oncology conferences held (January 2000–July 2009) for relevant articles and abstracts. Summary incidence rates, relative risks (RRs), and 95% confident intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects or random-effects model.Results: 11,882 patients from 10 RCTs were included for analysis. The incidences of LVEF decrease and congestive... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664781 Wed, 20 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4664781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4078241&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001611%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4078241 Tue, 19 Oct 2010 11:40:41 +0100 4078241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664776&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721000157X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: As multi-modality treatments are now able to ensure better local control and a lower rate of extra cranial metastases, brain relapse has become a major concern in lung cancer. As survival is poor after development of brain metastases in spite of specific treatment, prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) has been introduced in the 70’s. PCI has been evaluated in randomized trials in both small-cell (SCLC) and non-small-cell (NSCLC) lung cancers to reduce the incidence of brain metastases and possibly increase survival. PCI reduces significantly the BM rate in both limited disease (LD) and extensive disease (ED) SCLC and in non-metastatic NSCLC. Considering SCLC, PCI significantly improves overall survival in LD (from 15% to 20% at 3years) and ED (from 13% to 27% at 1year) in pati... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664776 Sun, 10 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4664776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4593905&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001386%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Homotypic cell adhesion is fundamental to the maintenance of cell and tissue structure and function and is predominantly mediated by cadherin-containing adherens junction complexes. The integrity of these adhesion sites can be modulated by Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in the development and progression of a number of tumour types. Changes in homotypic cell adhesion have been shown to be central to cell migration and invasion, characteristics central to tumour metastasis and irrevocably leading to patient death. Targeting of Src may thus be an effective means to suppress migration and invasion of cancer cells and suggests the use of Src inhibitors clinically as a mechanism to delay or limit tumour spread. In this article, we review the role of Src in cell–cell ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4593905 Mon, 04 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4593905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664782&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001428%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: When focusing on heart disease, most available studies split the two different parts of the adjuvant treatment, i.e., systemic therapies and radiation therapy, making it difficult to implement efficient strategies for preventing treatment-induced cardiac toxicity. This paper reviews the current understanding of treatments-induced cardiac toxicity in a global approach. Many factors should be considered when assessing the cardiac hazard. Treatment-related risk factors include heart dose exposure, chemotherapy, targeted agents such as HER2 inhibitors, but also endocrine agents, or anesthetic procedure. Patients’ characteristics should also be taken into account. Age, menopausal status, stress, previous history of cardiac disease, genetic profile, and body mass index could all impa... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664782 Mon, 27 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4664782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664777&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001568%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The introduction of the Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors, used either as a single-agent or combined with classic anti-myeloma therapies, has improved the outcome for patients with relapsed myeloma. However, there is currently no generally accepted standard treatment for relapsed/refractory myeloma patients, partly because of the absence of trials comparing the efficacy of the novel agents in relapsed/refractory myeloma. Choice of a new treatment regimen depends on both patient and disease-specific characteristics. A lenalidomide-based regimen is the first choice in patients with neuropathy, while bortezomib has the highest efficacy in patients with renal insufficiency and is not associated with increased risk of thromboembolism. A second autologous stem ce... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664777 Mon, 27 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4664777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664775&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001416%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Molecular targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been a recent breakthrough in cancer treatment. These small molecules are mainly used at a fixed dose ignoring the possible need for dose individualization. Fixed dosing may indeed result in suboptimal treatment or excessive toxicity considering the high inter-individual variability in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of these therapies. The PK, toxicity and efficacy of ten commonly used molecular targeted anti-cancer therapies were reviewed in order to optimize their prescription. A wide interpatient variability in the pharmacokinetics of these small molecules is demonstrated. Moreover associations between certain toxicities and the treatment efficacy have also been demonstrated for some agents, such as erlotinib a... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664775 Mon, 13 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4664775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3939240&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001441%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3939240 Wed, 08 Sep 2010 05:18:42 +0100 3939240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4593901&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001374%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Use of l-asparaginase has revolutionised the anti-leukaemia therapy in ALL. Early and sustained asparagine depletion, at least up to the first 30weeks of therapy, appears to be crucial. Given the clear correlation between the depth of asparagine depletion and the patient outcome, asparaginase therapy should be monitored for adequate asparagine depletion for achievement of optimum results. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4593901 Tue, 07 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4593901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4593904&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001350%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The KRAS oncogene has been extensively studied for more than three decades, however, it is only recently that it attained a central role in the clinical decision-making process for the practicing oncologist. Recently, based on retrospective analyses of large randomized clinical trials, the use of anti-epidermal growth factor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies, cetuximab and panitumumab, was restricted to patients with metastatic colorectal cancer that carry the “wild-type” KRAS genotype. Challenges remain in the laboratory implementation of KRAS mutational testing and the clinical application of the test for treatment planning. This review attempts to offer a global view of KRAS biology, its functional role in cell signaling, mechanisms of resistance to anti-EGFR agents and its pred... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4593904 Mon, 06 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4593904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4593900&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001398%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: For carbon-ion therapy, the increased survival in mucosal malignant melanomas might suggest an advantage in treating relatively radio-resistant tumors. Except for paranasal and sinonasal cancer, survival and tumor control for proton therapy were generally similar to the best available photon radiotherapy. In agreement with included in-silico studies, limited available clinical data indicates that toxicity tends to be lower for proton compared to photon radiotherapy.Since the overall quantity and quality of data regarding carbon-ion and proton therapy is poor, we recommend the construction of an international particle therapy register to facilitate definitive comparisons. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4593900 Fri, 03 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4593900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4593899&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001404%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Sunitinib is an orally administered multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved multinationally for the first- and second-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). The recommended dose of sunitinib is 50mg per day for 4weeks followed by 2weeks off-treatment (Schedule 4/2). In a phase III trial in 750 patients with mRCC who had not received prior treatment, sunitinib demonstrated superior efficacy to interferon-α for the first-line treatment of mRCC. Sunitinib doubled progression-free survival compared with interferon-α; furthermore, median OS with sunitinib was greater than 2years. As a result, sunitinib is now considered a reference standard of care for first-line mRCC treatment in patients at favourable or intermediate prognostic risk and is recommended i... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4593899 Fri, 03 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4593899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4593898&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001362%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) is the commonest primary liver cancer (80–90%) and represents the leading cause of cancer-related death, after lung and stomach cancer.The process of neoplastic transformation proceeds through the accumulation of mutations in the genes governing cell proliferation and apoptosis.It is currently difficult to determine the natural history of patients with untreated early-stage HCC, since most with early-stage tumor patients undergoes curative therapy. Survival rates at 3years is 65% in patients with Child-Pugh A, and single untreated lesion. This proportion increases to 70% at 5years after radical treatment. In patients included in randomized controlled clinical trials with advanced disease, survival at 1 and 2years is respe... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4593898 Fri, 27 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4593898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4593903&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001313%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered the gold standard for treating intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, intermediate-stage HCC includes a heterogeneous population of patients with varying tumour burdens, liver function (Child-Pugh A or B) and disease aetiology. This suggests that not all patients with intermediate-stage HCC will derive similar benefit from TACE, and that some patients may benefit from other treatment options.Results of an extensive literature review into the treatment of unresectable HCC with TACE were combined with our own clinical experience to identify factors that may predict survival after TACE. We also report contraindications to TACE and propose a treatment algorithm for the repetition of TACE. In addition, we have co... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4593903 Thu, 19 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4593903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4593902&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001349%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Luteinising hormone releasing hormone agonists (LH-RHa) induce ovarian suppression in premenopausal women that is usually reversible on cessation of therapy. They act by binding to pituitary LH-RH receptors, resulting in down regulation of receptors and subsequent suppression of luteinising hormone and estradiol. LH-RHa are effective in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in premenopausal women but their role as adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer is still controversial. Approximately 60% of tumors in premenopausal women are hormone sensitive and these patients are candidates for hormonal treatment. Tamoxifen for 5years is considered the standard endocrine therapy for all premenopausal women with hormone sensitive breast cancer. There is no definitive evidence of additio... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4593902 Thu, 19 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4593902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4593906&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001301%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Compared with BSC alone, oral topotecan for patients with relapsed SCLC was associated with improved health outcomes but at increased cost. The ICER is at the upper extreme of the range conventionally regarded as cost effective from an NHS decision making perspective. However, this treatment may fall under supplementary guidance for life extending, end of life treatments. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4593906 Mon, 16 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4593906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465186&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001283%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Constituting about 1–2% of all tumors of the pancreas, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a subgroup of gastroenetropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) with distinct tumor genetics, biology, and clinicopathological features. Surgical resection is amenable only in a minority of the cases so systemic therapies are considered in most of them. The goals of medical treatment are to control the associated symptoms and signs of the specific tumors and to shrink the tumor mass. Somatostatin analogues can, not only decrease the secretion of peptides and inhibit their functions but also stop tumor growth. Other medical options for limiting tumor growth include interferon, systemic chemotherapy, and targeted therapies including, angiogenesis inhibitors, epidermal growth ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465186 Thu, 12 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4465186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465189&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001295%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Predictive markers are factors that are associated with upfront response or resistance to a particular therapy. Predictive markers are important in oncology as tumors of the same tissue of origin vary widely in their response to most available systemic therapies. Currently recommended oncological predictive markers include both estrogen and progesterone receptors for identifying patients with breast cancers likely to benefit from hormone therapy, HER-2 for the identification of breast cancer patients likely to benefit from trastuzumab, specific K-RAS mutations for the identification of patients with advanced colorectal cancer unlikely to benefit from either cetuximab or panitumumab and specific EGFR mutations for selecting patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer for tre... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465189 Wed, 04 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4465189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465185&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001088%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Midline nodal CUP patients are poorly defined, fare less well than EGCC or neuroendocrine cancer and probably constitute a heterogeneous entity with a minority harbouring atypical germ cell cancer. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465185 Mon, 02 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4465185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465184&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001106%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Approximately 10% of the pheochromocytomas and 20% of the paragangliomas are malignant with poor survival. As the biological behaviour of these tumours cannot be predicted with certainty from pathology the diagnosis of malignancy is difficult. Genetic testing is gaining impact as mutations in the tumour suppressor gene Von Hippel-Lindau and the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase enzyme complex subunit B (SDHB) are associated with malignancy. Excess release of catecholamines is characteristic for pheochromocytomas. High levels of chromogranin A, that is co-stored and co-secreted with catecholamines, may indicate tumour mass and malignancy and can be used to monitor response and relapse. The secretory and non-secretory tumours can be visualised with functional (specific and non-... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465184 Mon, 02 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4465184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465181&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721000109X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Although surgery provides excellent control for localized prostate cancer, pathologic examination of more than one-third of specimens will reveal positive surgical margins, seminal vesicle invasion, and/or extracapsular extension, thus putting these patients at increased risk of cancer recurrence. “Adjuvant” radiotherapy (ART) refers to treatment of patients with an undetectable PSA that is delivered after surgery (usually less than 12–16weeks from the time of surgery). Currently, there are no standardized guidelines for the use of ART and the bulk of patients are solely monitored for signs of recurrence after prostatectomy. In this article, we review the evidence for ART from three randomized clinical trials. Although radiation therapy in the adjuvant setting has generally... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465181 Wed, 28 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4465181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3787840&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721000112X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3787840 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 05:13:32 +0100 3787840 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465183&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001076%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Taxanes offer clear benefits in adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. This review examines evidence to date on the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of their use in the adjuvant treatment of women with early breast cancer, based on three meta-analyses, one systematic review, five clinical practice guidelines and 16 randomized clinical trials. Against the background of a major increase in the use of docetaxel rather than paclitaxel in our setting over the past few years, implying a major increase in costs, we examined whether this higher use of docetaxel is supported by the available evidence. In this wide study, we found no evidence that regimens containing docetaxel yield greater benefits than those including paclitaxel. From an effectiveness standpoint, the ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465183 Mon, 26 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4465183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465187&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001064%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The current treatment for melanoma with nodal involvement, but without distant metastasis, is surgical excision and lymph node dissection followed by adjuvant therapy. A number of systemic regimens have been evaluated for melanoma patients with a medium or high risk of disease recurrence following surgery. The only agent approved for the adjuvant therapy of melanoma is high-dose interferon (IFN)-α2b, which prolongs relapse-free survival, but its effects on overall survival remain controversial. Its use is also accompanied by significant toxicity. Thus, despite its approval, high-dose IFN-α2b is not always used for the adjuvant therapy of melanoma, particularly in countries other than the United States. Studies aimed at identifying subgroups of patients that have the greatest be... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465187 Tue, 20 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4465187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465182&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001040%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Menopausal status is a major consideration in adjuvant breast cancer therapy. The variable onset and duration of the menopausal transition and the poor predictive value of bleeding patterns and hormone levels mean many women fall naturally into a “perimenopausal” category. Women becoming amenorrhoeic during cytotoxic or endocrine treatment are also of uncertain status since ovarian function may resume even in older patients after several months without menses. The recent St. Gallen panel acknowledged that aromatase inhibitors (AIs) should form part of standard endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with receptor-positive tumours. Among perimenopausal women at sufficiently high risk of recurrence, there may also be a case for adjuvant AIs either up-front or after tamoxifen.... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465182 Thu, 01 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4465182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465190&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001052%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The Canadian Consortium on Evidence-Based Care in MDS recommends 5-Aza as first line therapy in all MDS patients with IPSS high-intermediate and high risk scores including WHO-defined AML (20–30% blasts) who cannot proceed immediately to allogeneic stem cell transplant.5-Aza is not recommended as first line therapy with MDS patients with IPSS Low and Low-intermediate risk scores as there is no evidence that it alters the natural history of the disease nor is superior to standard therapy.The MDS consortium does not recommend combining 5-Aza with other agents at this time outside the context of a clinical trial. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465190 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4465190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465188&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001039%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Although small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) generally shows an excellent response to initial chemotherapy, most patients finally relapse and salvage chemotherapy is considered. Usually, the response to salvage chemotherapy significantly differs between sensitive and refractory relapse. Sensitive relapse is relatively chemosensitive and re-challenge with the same drugs as used in the initial chemotherapy has been used historically, while refractory relapse is extremely chemo-resistant and its prognosis has been abysmal. To date, a number of clinical trials have been carried out for relapsed SCLC; however, the number of randomized trials is quite limited. At present, topotecan is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for relapsed SCLC, and is considered the stand... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465188 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4465188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4233922&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001027%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Hairy-cell leukemia variant (HCl-V) is a district clinico-pathological entity with intermediate features between classical HCl (HCl-C) and B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. HCl-V is now included in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification as a provisional entity. It is an uncommon disorder accounting for approximately 0.4% of chronic lymphoid malignancies and 10% of all HCl cases. In contrast to HCl-C, HCl-V is a more aggressive disease and according to the new WHO classification it is no longer considered to be biologically related to HCl-C. Patients with HCl-V have an elevated white blood count, easy-to-aspirate bone marrow and weak reactivity to tartrate – resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Immunophenotypically, HCl-V cells are positive for CD103 and CD11c and negati... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4233922 Thu, 17 Jun 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4233922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4233924&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721000099X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The vasculature of solid tumors is fundamentally different from that of normal vasculature and offers a unique target for anti-cancer therapy. Direct vascular-targeting with Tumor-Vascular Disrupting Agents (Tumor-VDAs) is distinctly different from anti-angiogenic strategies, and offers a complementary approach to standard therapies. Tumor-VDAs therefore have significant potential when combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and angiogenesis-inhibiting agents. Preclinical studies with the different Tumor-VDA classes have demonstrated key tumor-selective anti-vascular and anti-tumor effects. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4233924 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4233924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4233923&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000848%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Discussion: Based on findings from this review, there is no single “best practice” approach to the treatment of early esophageal cancer. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4233923 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4233923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4168434&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210001015%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A decade ago, gene expression profiling (GEP) was successfully introduced in haematological research. Considering the heterogeneity of haematological malignancies, the growing arsenal of compounds, allowing targeted therapy, e.g. in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), and the more differentiated indication to allogeneic stem cell transplantation, routine diagnostic procedures would highly benefit from an introduction of this novel methodology: by now, the majority of genetically defined leukaemia subtypes has been accurately reproduced on the basis of distinct gene expression patterns by various independent research groups. Moreover, classification of histomorphologically overlapping lymphoma subentities (e.g. Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-c... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4168434 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4168434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4168429&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000836%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The use of oral anticancer drugs has shown a steady increase. Most patients prefer anticancer oral therapy to intravenous treatment primarily for the convenience of a home-based therapy, although they require that the efficacy of oral therapy must be equivalent and toxicity not superior than those expected with the intravenous treatment. A better patient compliance, drug tolerability, convenience and possible better efficacy for oral therapy as compared to intravenous emerge as the major reasons to use oral anticancer agents among oncologists. Inter- and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variations in the bioavailability of oral anticancer drugs may be more relevant than for intravenous agents. Compliance is particularly important for oral therapy because it determines the dose-in... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4168429 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4168429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4233925&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000861%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Patients diagnosed with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) are currently treated with oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Imatinib mesylate is the standard first-line treatment, and sunitinib malate is administered second-line for patients who are intolerant or progress on imatinib. Imatinib has recently been approved for adjuvant treatment of GIST patients who have a significant risk for relapse. In both the metastatic and adjuvant settings, patients may be on these TKIs for many years. Low plasma imatinib levels have been reported to be associated with a short median time to progression of advanced GIST, stressing the importance of maintaining optimal drug levels. We summarize management of the most frequent and clinically significant adverse effects of imatinib ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4233925 Mon, 31 May 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4233925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4168428&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721000085X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Effective loco-regional as well as systemic treatment options have rendered breast cancer a curable disease for the vast majority of early-stage patients. Considering tumor biology and clinical outcomes, breast cancer is a very heterogeneous disease. With the recent understanding of distinct molecular sub-types, the era of “one size fits all” therapy concepts has passed and a new era of personalized therapy concepts has started. This review will focus on recent advances in personalized treatment of early-stage breast cancer, with a particular interest in tumor biology-guided treatment decisions. It will also highlight how carefully molecular tests need to be methodologically and clinically validated before they can be appl... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4168428 Mon, 31 May 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4168428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4168427&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000794%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present a review of this unusual but important condition with particular emphasis on the diagnostic criteria, clinical features, genetics, management and surveillance. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4168427 Wed, 26 May 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4168427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4168430&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000824%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The implementation of altered fractionation schedules in clinical practice came as a need to improve loco-regional control and survival in those cancer patient groups which did not respond satisfactorily to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy. The current review aims to present the radiobiological rationale behind various non-conventional treatment schedules including the encountered challenges, through a compilation of clinical studies/trials and their contribution towards therapeutic gain. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4168430 Mon, 24 May 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4168430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3586977&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000885%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3586977 Sat, 22 May 2010 12:47:18 +0100 3586977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4168431&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000800%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Tumor metastasis to the skeleton affects over 400,000 individuals in the United States annually, more than any other site of metastasis, including significant proportions of patients with breast, prostate, lung and other solid tumors. Research on the bone microenvironment and its role in metastasis suggests a complex role in tumor growth. Parallel preclinical and clinical investigations into the role of adjuvant bone-targeted agents in preventing metastasis and avoiding cancer therapy-induced bone loss have recently reported exciting and intriguing results. A multidisciplinary consensus conference convened to review recent progress in basic and clinical research, assess gaps in current knowledge and prioritize recommendations to advance research over the next 5years. The program ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4168431 Tue, 18 May 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4168431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4078242&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000599%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: DCIS is a genetically diverse group of diseases with different prognosis. The similarities between DCIS and ductal infiltrating carcinoma (DIC) suggest that the key step in tumorigenesis is the transformation from high grade ductal hyperplasia to DCIS. The prognostic factors of DCIS include anatomo-pathologic factors, age and molecular factors. The key questions for DCIS management include: which patients are more likely to present an invasive failure; in which an excision is sufficient and who can be spared from radiation therapy. The role of post operative radiation therapy to reduce by 50–60% ipsilateral invasive and non-invasive local failure has been established in four randomized clinical trials. The question whether radiation therapy can be avoided in some patients remain... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4078242 Tue, 11 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4078242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3787849&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000617%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Page no. 169, second column, second full paragraph should read: Rasburicase has been available for pediatric use in the United States since 2002, and also was just recently approved for use in adults in the United States for the same indication. This agent is indicated for the initial management of plasma uric acid levels in pediatric and adult patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumor malignancies who are receiving anti-cancer therapy expected to result in tumor lysis and subsequent elevation of plasma uric acid. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved dosing regimen for rasburicase is 0.20mg/kg as a 30-min IV infusion daily for up to 5days.37 Rasburicase also is approved for pediatric and adult use in the European Union. It is contraindicated for patients with glucose... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3787849 Sun, 09 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3787849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4168432&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000782%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Purpose: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of all phase III randomized controlled trials comparing efficacy of early versus late first-line or initial treatments for cancer.Methods: A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE and Cochrane library databases was performed (1966–2008). Data was extracted and pooled as per the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration.Results: Of the 570 identified studies, 10 (3811 patients) met inclusion criteria: three each in prostate cancer and multiple myeloma (MM), two in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and one each in lung cancer, and follicular lymphoma. The analyses showed no survival benefit with early treatment except in prostate cancer (hazard ratio [HR]=1.23, 95% CI 1.11–1.37 p (Source: Cancer Treatment Re... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4168432 Wed, 05 May 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4168432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4168433&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000745%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: HPV infection is associated with most squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the uterine cervix and many head and neck SCC. While recent understanding of the mechanisms of HPV-induced carcinogenesis has lead to the development of prophylactic vaccines, the principal modality of treatment is radiotherapy and despite concurrent chemotherapy, outcomes remain suboptimal. Improving the radiotherapeutic index thus remains an important challenge as well as defining predictive assays for treatment outcome of HPV-related tumours. Therefore elucidating the influence of the HPV virus on tumour radiosensitivity is of major interest due to the prevalence of HPV-related tumours worldwide and due to evidence that head and neck HPV-tumours have markedly different clinical outcomes compared to non-HPV-... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4168433 Fri, 23 Apr 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4168433 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4078243&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000605%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway detects and repairs DNA replication errors. While DNA MMR-proficiency is known to play a key role in the sensitivity to a number of DNA damaging agents, its role in the cytotoxicity of ionizing radiation (IR) is less well characterized. Available literature to date is conflicting regarding the influence of MMR status on radiosensitivity, and this has arisen as a subject of controversy in the field. The aim of this paper is to provide the first comprehensive overview of the experimental data linking MMR proteins and the DNA damage response to IR. A PubMed search was conducted using the key words “DNA mismatch repair” and “ionizing radiation”. Relevant articles and their references were reviewed for their association between DNA MMR and ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4078243 Wed, 21 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4078243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4078248&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000551%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Approximately two million fractions of radiotherapy are administered in the UK every year, as part of adjuvant, radical or palliative cancer treatment. For many tumour types, radiotherapy is routinely combined with concomitant chemotherapy as part of adjuvant or radical treatment. In addition, new agents have been developed in recent years and tested in phase 1, 2 and 3 trials concomitantly with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. One such class of drugs, the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, has shown activity in conjunction with radiotherapy in several cancer cell lines. Pre-clinical data suggest that PARP inhibitors may potentiate the effects of radiotherapy in several tumour types, namely lung, colorectal, head and neck, glioma, cervix and prostate cancers. In vitr... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4078248 Tue, 20 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4078248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3460939&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000630%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3460939 Tue, 13 Apr 2010 12:48:28 +0100 3460939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4078247&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000587%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: DNA-repair mechanisms play an important role in the maintenance of DNA integrity and protection against DNA damage. Deregulation of these mechanisms is associated with the development of cancer as is seen in breast tumours with mutations in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2. Recent biologic findings suggest that in tumours in which one DNA repair pathway is deficient, concomitant inhibition of other repair pathways could have potential synergistic activity. Pharmacological inhibition of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a key element of the base excision repair pathway, can have synthetic lethality in tumours with deficient homologous recombination. These findings have paved the way for the clinical development of PARP inhibitors in breast tumours especially in patients with germline ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4078247 Sun, 11 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4078247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4078244&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000563%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Given the development of new drugs to treat some hematological diseases, DLI has taken a backseat. New modalities to target the infused cells to the tumor and new approaches to reduce GvHD that will augment the graft vs. leukemia/lymphoma (GvL) effect and decrease the injury to normal host tissues need to be developed. Understanding the factors and mechanisms that differentiate the GvL effect from GvHD will help in the development of newer treatment modalities. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4078244 Sun, 11 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4078244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4078246&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000575%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Colorectal cancer remains one of the major cancer related death despite progress in the cytotoxic treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) over the past decade. The introduction of targeted agents has improved the progression free and overall survival of metastatic disease. However, 40–50% of patients do not experience beneficial effects and it remains a challenge to select patients likely to respond to therapy. Several new molecular predictive and prognostic markers have been identified and are now being translated into routine clinical practice. K-Ras mutation is the first established molecular marker with a lack of response in K-Ras mutated patients treated with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy. The validation of predictive and prognostic markers will r... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4078246 Sun, 04 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4078246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3939243&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000411%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Catumaxomab is a trifunctional antibody (trAb) characterized by its unique ability to bind three different cell types: tumor cells, T-cells, and accessory cells. It has two different antigen-binding specificities: one for epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) on tumor cells and one for the CD3 antigen on T-cells. Catumaxomab also binds to type I, IIa, and III Fcγ receptors (FcγR) on accessory cells, e.g. macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, via its intact Fc region. Its anti-tumor activity results from T-cell-mediated lysis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and phagocytosis via activation of FcγR-positive accessory cells. Importantly, no additional activation of immune cells is necessary for effective tumor eradication by catumaxomab, which ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3939243 Sun, 28 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3939243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4078245&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000423%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: In patients with resectable rectal cancer, CRT does not increase overall survival, despite the fact that preoperative CRT significantly reduces the risk of the local recurrence. No reduction in the distant metastases rate was found. Toxicity-related mortality is significantly increased by the concomitant approach, emphasizing the need for safer treatment combinations. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4078245 Wed, 24 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4078245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3939241&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721000040X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In the last two decades, systemic adjuvant treatment for breast cancer, in association with radiotherapy, has been shown to prolong disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with operable breast tumors. So far, the optimal sequence of systemic therapy and radiotherapy for breast cancer patients after conservative surgery or mastectomy is unclear. Several retrospective analyses showed a possible detrimental effect on local regional recurrence rates when radiation therapy is delayed after chemotherapy. On the other hand, delaying chemotherapy after radiotherapy may increase the risk of distant failure and affect the survival. Concurrent administration of targeted treatment (e.g. non-anthracycline/taxane containing chemotherapy, trastuzumab, endocrine therapy) with radi... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3939241 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3939241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3939244&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000393%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Due to the considerable uncertainty in stage I NSCLC, and the lack of data on more advanced stages, it is recommended not to adopt particle therapy as standard treatment in NSCLC yet. More evidence is needed to reduce the decision uncertainty and to support evidence-based treatment decisions. It might be worthwhile to invest in a particle facility for clinical research. Future research should also weigh the investment risk, value of information and costs of delay. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3939244 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3939244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3939245&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000381%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this report, we briefly revisit the most relevant genomic studies on breast-cancer prognosis and prediction to introduce the latest advances in tumor dormancy, its implications in the clinical outcome of disease-free patients and its connection with CSCs biology and microenvironment influence in the metastatic process. Finally, we have discussed the contribution of the results of these studies to the design of new experimental strategies oriented towards personalized medicine. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3939245 Thu, 18 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3939245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3367008&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000447%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3367008 Tue, 16 Mar 2010 13:49:28 +0100 3367008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3939246&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721000037X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Breast cancer stem cells (CSC) have been postulated recently as responsible for failure of breast cancer treatment. The purpose of this study is to review breast CSCs molecular biology with respect to their mechanism of resistance to conventional therapy, and to develop treatment strategies that may improve survival of breast cancer patients. A literature search has identified in vitro and in vivo studies of breast CSCs. Breast CSCs overexpress breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) which allows cancer cells to transport actively chemotherapy agents out of the cells. Radioresistance is modulated through activation of Wnt signaling pathway and overexpression of genes coding for glutathione. Lapatinib can selectively target HER-2 positive breast CSCs and improves disease-free survi... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3939246 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3939246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3586988&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000332%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: During the last decade, important progress has been made in the surgical treatment of malignant liver tumors in children. For hepatoblastoma, there is a general consensus for combining surgical resection with neoadjuvant (and adjuvant) chemotherapy. Long-term disease-free survival of around 85–90% can be achieved for resectable HB involving no more than three sections of the liver (PRETEXT I–III). For unresectable HB without extrahepatic invasion (PRETEXT IV with involvement of all four sections and some cases of PRETEXT III with invasion of, or close contact with major venous structures), similar results can be obtained with total hepatectomy and liver transplantation.For hepatocellular carcinoma, most often without underlying liver disease in children of the western world, r... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3586988 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3586988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3586983&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000289%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Overall survival from childhood malignancies has dramatically improved, with survival rates now reaching over 70%. Nevertheless, some types of childhood cancer remain a difficult challenge, and for those who survive the burden of treatment can be considerable. The current paradigm for new cancer therapies is to increase our knowledge of the molecular basis of carcinogenesis, followed by the development of cancer-cell specific therapies. Historically, drug development was focused on adult cancers, and the potential efficacy in childhood malignancies was not considered. Recently, a European academic consortium was established, namely ‘innovative therapies for children with cancer’ (ITCC), to address this unmet need. This initiative is focused on the evaluation of novel agents in... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3586983 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3586983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3586981&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000265%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor remains a clinical enigma with outcomes ranging from cure in >90% of patients with locoregional tumors with little to no cytotoxic therapy, to 18months of age at diagnosis with metastatic disease despite aggressive multimodality therapy. Age, stage and amplification of the MYCN oncogene are the most validated prognostic markers. Recent research has shed light on the biology of neuroblastoma allowing more accurate stratification of patients which has permitted reducing or withholding cytotoxic therapy without affecting outcome for low-risk patients. However, for children with high-risk disease, the development of newer therapeutic strategies is necessary. Current surgery and radiotherapy techniques in conjunction wit... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3586981 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3586981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3586978&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721000023X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The present contribution reports childhood cancer incidence and survival rates as well as time trends and geographical variation. The report is based on the databases of population-based cancer registries which joined forces in cooperative projects such as Automated Childhood Cancer Information System (ACCIS) and EUROCARE.According to these data, which refer to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, leukemias, at 34%, brain tumors, at 23%, and lymphomas, at 12%, represent the largest diagnostic groups among the under 15-year-olds. The most frequent single diagnoses are: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and nephroblastoma. There is considerable variation between countries. Incidence rates range from 130 (British Isles) ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3586978 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3586978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3939247&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000356%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: SRC is a tyrosine kinase that plays a role in oncogenic, invasive and bone-metastatic processes. It has therefore been prioritized as a candidate therapeutic target in patients with solid tumors. Several SRC inhibitors are now in development, of which dasatinib has been most explored. Preclinical studies in a wide variety of solid tumor cell lines, including prostate, breast and glioma, have shown that that dasatinib acts as a cytostatic agent, inhibiting the processes of cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Dasatinib also inhibits the activity of osteoclasts, which have a major role in the development of metastatic bone lesions. Dasatinib has additive or synergistic activity in combination with a number of other agents, including cytotoxic agents and targeted therapies, ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3939247 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3939247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3586985&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000307%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Primary malignant bone tumours are rare but are one of the most common malignancies in adolescents. The optimum management of a child with a bone tumour is at a specialist treatment centre by a multidisciplinary team experienced in the diagnosis, chemotherapy and surgical management of these conditions. Most tumours are treated with chemotherapy followed by surgery. The surgical aim is to completely resect the tumour whilst ideally preserving the limb and maintaining function. The perfect limb salvage operation that restores normal function with no long term morbidity is rarely possible and most operations will restore function with potential long term complications. The variety of techniques possible for limb salvage includes the use of prostheses, allografts, reimplantation of s... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3586985 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3586985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3586982&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000277%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Development of chemotherapeutic treatment modalities resulted in a dramatic increase in the survival of children with many types of cancer. Still, in case of some pediatric cancer entities including rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma, survival of patients remains dismal and novel treatment approaches are urgently needed. Therefore, based on the concept of targeted therapy, numerous potential targets for the treatment of these cancers have been evaluated pre-clinically or in some cases even clinically during the last decade. This review gives an overview over many different potential therapeutic targets for treatment of these childhood sarcomas, including receptor tyrosine kinases, intracellular signaling molecules, cell cycle and apoptosis regulators, proteasome,... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3586982 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3586982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3586980&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000253%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Although the majority of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can be cured with combination chemotherapy, the challenge remains to salvage patients with resistant disease and to reduce treatment related toxicity. To meet this challenge, it will be essential to incorporate new agents targeting the biological Achilles Heels of this cancer more rapidly into currently available treatment regimen. Here we review the principles of current ALL therapy, recent advances in understanding ALL biology and discuss a selection of promising areas for drug development that may take advantage of the underlying leukemia biology. We focus particularly on strategies to interfere with common effector mechanisms that can be trigged by different individual oncogenic lesions and on new agents... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3586980 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3586980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3586979&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000241%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The acute leukaemias account for about 30% of all malignancy seen in childhood across the Western world. A peak incidence of precursor B cell ALL has emerged as socio-economic conditions have improved in countries worldwide. From twin studies and the use of neonatal blood spots it has been possible to back track the first initiating genetic events within critical haemopoietic cells to foetal development in utero for most precursor B cell ALL and some cases of AML. These events may occur as part of normal foetal development. Whether other factors (environmental or constitutional) are involved to increase the chance of these first genetic changes happening is unclear. For some leukaemias (e.g. infant MLL positive ALL) the first event appears adequate to create a malignant clone but ... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3586979 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3586979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3939242&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000228%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Male breast cancer accounts for around 1% of all breast cancer cases, but the incidence has increased over the past 25years. The rarity of this entity precludes prospective randomized clinical trials. Although breast carcinoma in both genders share certain characteristics, notable differences have emerged. Familial cases usually have BRCA2 rather than BRCA1 mutations. Klinefelter syndrome is the strongest risk factor for developing male breast carcinoma. Men tend to be diagnosed at an older age than women. Presentation is usually a painless lump, but is often late, with more than 40% of individuals having stage III or IV disease. When survival is adjusted for age at diagnosis and stage of disease, outcomes for male and female patients with breast cancer is similar. Surgery is usua... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3939242 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3939242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3586989&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000344%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Due to advances in chemotherapy and supportive care, greater than 70% of patients with childhood cancer will survive 5years. However, there are long-term physiological and psychological sequelae of these treatments that may not manifest until pediatric survivors are into adulthood. Various studies done in the long-term pediatric survivors have noted that they are at increased risk for poor health and for chronic health problems. One complicating factor in treating these patients for their health problems is that many childhood cancer survivors are unaware of their past medical history and what their past cancer treatment entailed. There are also a number of barriers to medical care in survivors of childhood cancer which include inadequate insurance coverage for many and lack of k... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3586989 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3586989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3586986&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000319%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a lymphotropic herpes virus with oncogenetic properties which can lead to the development of lymphomas such as Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), or post-transplant lymphoma. This review discusses our current understanding of lymphomagenesis in relation to EBV and the potential for targeted therapies. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3586986 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3586986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3586987&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000320%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare proliferative disorder of cells with the phenotype of activated Langerhans cells. The diagnosis of LCH is often delayed or missed. Many questions about LCH remain to be answered, including whether it is caused by a malignancy or by immune dysregulation. Data from the early 1990s showed that LCH consisted of an accumulation of monoclonal LCH cells, suggesting a neoplastic disorder. However, further investigations with current sophisticated techniques have not shown consistent genomic aberrations. Recent data which suggests a role for an IL-17A dependant pathway of dendritic cell fusion in LCH remains to be proven. The most recent data taken together swing the pendulum towards an immunologic aberration.The clinical course of LCH is high... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3586987 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3586987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3586984&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000290%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Advances in the management of pediatric brain tumors have been less successful than in other areas of pediatric oncology. This gap in outcome is essentially related to specific aspects of these tumors in this age group such as the fact that the surrounding brain is still developing, vital structures limit aggressive attempts at removing infiltrating lesions, drug penetration into the central nervous system is often poor and short and long term toxicities of some treatments to the surrounding brain are significant. This review describes new therapeutic strategies and their impact in the pediatric neuro-oncology practice. Although the number of new active antineoplastic agents has been limited during the last decade, significant improvements in the chemotherapeutic management of ped... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3586984 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3586984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3939248&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000216%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Results of trials can differ if different outcomes, medical or patient-reported, are considered in the analysis. Cytotoxic chemotherapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is a challenging issue. A survival benefit is reported only for docetaxel, but this treatment is not always feasible. In all patients, initiation of chemotherapy should be based on patient’s preferences within discussion of individual risk and benefit, particularly in patients with extensive asymptomatic and symptomatic metastases. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3939248 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3939248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3787843&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000198%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Arc therapies have gained widespread clinical interest in radiation oncology over the past decade. Arc therapies have several potential advantages over standard techniques such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, with implications for patients, administrators, and oncologists. This review focuses on the rationale for arc therapy, descriptions of the modern arc techniques that are currently clinically available, and highlights some distinguishing features of arc therapies, such as dose distributions, treatment times, and imaging capabilities. Arc therapies are exciting examples of progress in radiotherapy through technological innovation, aimed at ultimately improving the therapeutic ratio for patients receiving radiation. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3787843 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3787843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3787842&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000204%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Progress in gastric cancer has been slow, but steady. Historically, patients commonly presented with significant disease related co-morbidity and received treatment of marginal benefit but unfortunately associated with significant toxicity. Today there is no universally accepted reference standard chemotherapy for this disease. However, there is reason for optimism. Meta-analyses of randomized trials have shown a benefit for first-line combination chemotherapy. Current three drug chemotherapy regimens remain toxic, though perhaps less so than previously, and can result in a small but significant survival advantage in carefully chosen patients. Incremental improvements have been observed in both treatment-related toxicity and survival after first-line therapy. More patients are can... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3787842 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3787842 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3787841&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000174%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Over the past several decades, research on the action of bioactive constituents of plants has focused predominantly on their cancer-preventive properties. Today it can be explained why the consumption of fruits and vegetables may lead to a reduced frequency of certain cancer entities and why certain foods have therapeutic effects. Secondary plant products and especially glucosinolates from vegetables of the cruciferae family are supposed to have anti-carcinogenic potential. The present article gives an overview about secondary plant products in general and focuses to mechanisms of preventive and therapeutic effects of cruciferae, particular the brassica family and their famous member broccoli. Also, this article summarizes our knowledge of safety, tolerance and metabolism of gluco... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3787841 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3787841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3787846&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000186%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The plethora of novel agents recently approved for the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has changed the therapeutic landscape in this disease. The plethora of targets some of these agents inhibit can result in a wide range of side effects. While these novel therapies can be viewed as inhibitors of angiogenesis that directly or indirectly target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, their individual mechanisms of action (MoA) are key to defining their side-effect profiles. Direct VEGF inhibition with the anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, is primarily associated with side effects related to the precise inhibition of VEGF, such as proteinuria, hypertension and minor bleeding events. In contrast, non-VEGF-related side effects are observed w... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3787846 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3787846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3460946&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737209001923%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Adjuvant therapy with the third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane has largely replaced the use of tamoxifen (TAM) as standard adjuvant endocrine treatment for postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive early breast cancer. Treatment strategies investigated in large, randomized, well-controlled clinical studies include the use of an AI as an upfront replacement for TAM, as an alternative to continued treatment with TAM, and in the extended adjuvant setting after at least 5years of TAM. The efficacy of AIs over TAM has been demonstrated, particularly in terms of improving disease-free survival (DFS), and reductions in early distant metastasis with AIs may ultimately translate into improved overall survival. As AI therapy offers prolonged D... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3460946 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3460946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3787844&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000046%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) is the most rapidly increasing tumour in the Western world. Most patients present with locally advanced resectable disease and treatment can be curative. However, no accepted standard treatment exists. Cancer specialists frequently differ on optimum treatment strategies. Areas of debate include the aetiology of AEG, TNM staging, type and extent of resection, relative benefits of preoperative chemotherapy versus preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) versus post-operative CRT, use of early PET scan, and integration of targeted therapy. Randomized trials are weakened by underpowered numbers for AEG tumours, and by methodologic flaws. R0 resection and pathologic complete responses (pCR) predict long-term survival, and most treatment str... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3787844 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3787844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3460945&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737209001911%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Because of the poor prognosis for patients with locally advanced and metastatic esophageal, gastroesophageal junction and gastric cancers, increasing attention has focused on the integration of targeted agents into current therapies. The molecular targets of these agents include epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or its receptor, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and components and regulators of the cell cycle. In this review article, we briefly discuss pre-clinical data and the rationale for targeting these pathways and summarize the results of clinical trials to-date, including completed and ongoing phase III evaluations. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3460945 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3460945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3460942&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737209001856%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The availability of molecularly targeted agents has improved outcomes for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a disease long considered refractory to systemic therapy. The hypervascularity observed in RCC tumors, which is driven by the inactivation of the von Hippel–Lindau gene, provided a rationale for targeting angiogenesis, in particular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Bevacizumab, a potent and specific anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated significant clinical benefits when used in combination with interferon-alfa (IFN-α) for the treatment of metastatic RCC in two randomized phase III trials. The use of bevacizumab with IFN-α received approval in Europe for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic RCC, and more recently th... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3460942 Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3460942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3213721&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS030573721000006X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3213721 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 13:50:25 +0100 3213721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3367012&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737209000887%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related death in men, and remains incurable in the metastatic setting. Despite the initial response to androgen deprivation, the disease gradually progresses to a hormone-refractory state due to cumulative genetic alterations in tumour cells or the microenvironment. Docetaxel represents the first chemotherapeutic agent with a small survival benefit for metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). In an attempt to improve survival benefit, several novel drugs targeting specific pathways involved in cell signaling, proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis and immune modulation are currently under investigation either as single agents or in combination with cytotoxic drugs. Clinical trials evaluate the inhibition of prosta... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3367012 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3367012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3787845&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000022%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Clinical benefit from treatment with lapatinib is limited to patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Outside of the clinical trial setting, lapatinib should not be administered to women with HER2-negative disease because it causes increased toxicity without improving disease outcome. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3787845 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3787845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3460943&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737209001893%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: These genes hold potential as therapeutic targets, and warrant further investigation as we move towards our goal of individually tailored therapeutic strategies in breast cancer. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3460943 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3460943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3367009&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737209000929%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The management of prostate cancer (PC) recurrence after definitive radiation therapy (RT) is shifting and there is no consensus regarding the optimal strategy. The major challenge is determining the anatomical site of relapse. In case of biochemical relapse (BR), androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a non-curative option commonly used, while patients with a local PC recurrence could be managed through a curative intent. Based on a Pubmed data search, this manuscript focused on the management of post-RT local PC recurrences. In case of BR (nadir+2ng/ml), classical imaging work-up is not contributive for PSA levels (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews) Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3367009 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3367009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3787848&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737210000034%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: As a result of an increasing life expectancy, the incidence of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the older population is rising. As a consequence oncologists and their older patients commonly face the dilemma of whether or not to give/receive treatment for NSCLC. The current evidence supports the safety and efficacy of treatment for NSCLC cancer in fit older patients and demonstrates that treatment outcome can be similar to that of their younger counterparts and that chronological age per se is not a negative prognostic factor. However, it should be noted that these data are derived from retrospective studies which are likely to suffer from selection bias. Prospective data support the use of third generation single-agent (vinorelbine, gemcitabine, docetaxel) as first-line trea... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3787848 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3787848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3460947&cid=s_35390_6_f&fid=35390&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancertreatmentreviews.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0305737209001935%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Cisplatin-based treatment has significantly increased survival in testicular cancer patients. Therefore, there has been enough interest for the late toxic effects of chemotherapy which affect the quality of life of the cancer survivors. These toxic effects may either persist or present long after the end of chemotherapy and involve the impairment of renal function, neurotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity and vascular disease. Also, a major issue experienced by a large number of patients is infertility, which has been improved due to modified surgical techniques, reduced treatment intensity, the use of sperm cryopreservation and methods of assisted reproduction. Physicians should also be aware of the risk of secondary malignancy development. Therefore, close follow-up of the testicular c... Cancer Treatment Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3460947 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3460947