Cardiovascular Diabetology via MedWorm.com

Glycated hemoglobin and associated risk factors in older adults

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Older women had higher HbA1c than men, even after controlling for BMI. HbA1c associates equally with BW, BMI or WC. Population-based criteria are recommended to classify obesity and to identify higher levels of HbA1c in obese older adults. HbA1c associates with atherogenic dyslipidemia particularly with TG and TG/HDL-C ratio, but not with TC, HDL-C, or LDL-C. HbA1c is not associated with hs-CRP, and with functional fitness and aerobic endurance. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

The possible role of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 4 in the senescence of endothelial progenitor cells in diabetes mellitus

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Background: The decrease and dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has been assumed as an important cause/consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications, in which the senescence of EPCs induced by hyperglycemia may play an immensurable role. However, the mechanisms of EPCs senescence has not been fully investigated. Recently, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 4 (RSK4), a member of serine/threomine (Ser/Thr) kinase family and p53-related gene, is reported to regulate the replicative and stress-induced senescence of different cells.Presentation of the hypothesisThese above lead to consideration of an evidence-based hypothesis that RSK4 may serve as a mediator of EPCs senescence in DM.Testing the hypothesisEPCs of healthy subjects and DM patients are isolated from peripher...

Lipocalin-2, Glucose metabolism and Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation in Chinese People

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that elevated serum lipocalin-2 is closely and independently associated with impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Lp(a) cholesterol is associated with HDL-cholesterol in overweight and obese African American children and is not an independent risk factor for CVD

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Lp(a)-C was positively associated with HDL-C and this association is not influenced by other lipoprotein subclasses or by the degree of obesity. We conclude that Lp(a) cholesterol is not an independent risk factor for CVD in African American children.Key words: Lipoprotein, Lp(a), LDL, HDL, TAG, TC, BMIz, Waist circumference, obesity, CVD, Atherosclerosis (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Acute and chronic animal models for the evaluation of anti-diabetic agents

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Diabetes mellitus is a potentially morbid condition with high prevalence worldwide thus being a major medical concern. Experimental induction of diabetes mellitus in animal models is essential for the advancement of our knowledge and understanding of the various aspects of its pathogenesis and ultimately finding new therapies and cure. Experimental diabetes mellitus is generally induced in laboratory animals by several methods that include: chemical, surgical and genetic (immunological) manipulations. Most of the experiments in diabetes are carried out in rodents, although some studies are still performed in larger animals. The present review highlights the various methods of inducing diabetes in experimental animals in order to test the newer drugs for their anti-diabetic potential. (Sour...

Increase of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in the heart of type-1 diabetic rats

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Both mRNA and protein expression of cardiac KATP channels are decreased in diabetic rats induced by STZ for 8 weeks. This phenomenon leads to result in desensitization of some KATP channel drugs. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

RhoA/ROCK-Dependent Moesin Phosphorylation Regulates AGE-induced Endothelial Cellular Response

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion These results confirm the involvement of RhoA/ROCK pathway and subsequent moesin Thr558 phosphorylation in AGE-mediated endothelial dysfunction. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Platelet hyperaggregability in high-fat fed rats: A role for intraplatelet reactive-oxygen species production

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Metabolic abnormalities as consequence of HFD cause platelet hyperaggregability involving enhanced intraplatelet ROS production and decreased NO bioavailability that appear to be accompanied by potential defects in the prosthetic haem group of soluble guanylyl cyclase. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Saxagliptin for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Assessing Cardiovascular Data

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at high risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease; however, conclusive evidence that glycemic control leads to improved cardiovascular outcomes is lacking. Saxagliptin is a potent, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor approved as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with T2DM. Saxagliptin was evaluated in a series of phase III trials as monotherapy; add-on therapy to metformin, a sulfonylurea, or a thiazolidinedione; and as initial therapy in combination with metformin. Saxagliptin consistently improved glycemic control (as reflected by significant decreases in glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial glucose compared with controls) and was generally well tolerated. In these analyses, s...

Hyperglycemia raises the threshold of levosimendan- but not milrinone-induced postconditioning in rat hearts

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Milrinone and levosimendan exert postconditioning effects via inhibition of mPTP opening. Hyperglycemia raises the threshold of levosimendan-induced postconditioning, while milrinone-induced postconditioning is not influenced by hyperglycemia. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Uric acid is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in a Japanese elderly population without metabolic syndrome

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: UA was found to be an independent risk factor for incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in both genders without MetS. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Cardiovascular safety with linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pre-specified, prospective, and adjudicated meta-analysis of a Phase 3 programme

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results from a large Phase 3 programme support the hypothesis that linagliptin may have CV benefits in patients with T2DM. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Ramipril-based versus diuretic-based antihypertensive primary treatment in patients with pre-diabetes (ADaPT) study

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Background: Previous randomized controlled trials demonstrated a protective effect of renin angiotensin system blocking agents for the development of type-2 diabetes in patients with pre-diabetes. However, there are no real-world data available to illustrate the relevance for clinical practice. Methods: Open, prospective, parallel group study comparing patients with an ACE inhibitor versus a diuretic based treatment. The principal aim was to document the first manifestation of type-2 diabetes in either group. Results: A total of 2,011 patients were enrolled (mean age 69.1+/-10.3 years; 51.6% female). 1,507 patients were available for the per-protocol analysis (1,029 ramipril, 478 diuretic group). New-onset diabetes was less frequent in the ramipril than in the diuretic group over 4 years. ...

Hyperglycemia in apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse strains with different atherosclerosis susceptibility

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Defects in insulin secretion rather than defects in insulin resistance explain the marketed difference in susceptibility to T2DM in the B6.apoE-/- and BALB.apoE-/- mouse model. A smaller islet mass and more prominent islet inflammation may explain the vulnerability of B6.apoE-/- mice to diet-induced diabetes. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

The association between glucometabolic disturbances, traditional cardiovascular risk factors and self-rated health by age and gender: A cross-sectional analysis within the Malmo Preventive Project

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Background: The increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetic compared to non-diabetic subjects seems to decrease with age. Whether this age-related reduction applies to CVD risk factors, and whether it is limited to established diabetes mellitus (DM) or also applies to pre-diabetic conditions are not well known. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design we compared the strength of the correlation between glucometabolic disturbances (by grouping), CVD risk factor burden and self-rated health, in two age groups: middle-aged (57-69 years) and older (70-86 years) subjects, (63% men), participating in the Malmo Preventive Project Re-examination Study (n=18,238). Simple (unadjusted) logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate between-group differences and trends. Interaction...

A Structural Equation Model for Assessment of Links between Changes in Serum Triglycerides, -Urate, and -Glucose and Changes in Serum Calcium, -Magnesium and -Phosphate in Type 2 Diabetes and Non-diabetes Metabolism

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: With respect to metabolic disturbances in non-diabetes and the awareness of risk for type 2 diabetes, changes in S-Glu and changes in S-Ca, S-Mg, and S-P should be considered as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Increased early detection and corrections of high S-Ca, low S-Mg, and S-P in obese patients may improve their metabolism and reduce the risk of CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes.The study has been registered as a sub study to the Lifestyle intervention trial (no. ISRCTN79355192). (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

A pilot study of the efficacy of miglitol and sitagliptin for type 2diabetes with a continuous glucose monitoring system and incretin-related markers

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 02:35:50 +0100

Conclusions: In conclusion, CGM measurements revealed that a combination of the alpha-GI miglitol and the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin effectively reduced postprandial glucose fluctuation and stabilized blood glucose levels. Completely different response patterns of insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and GIP were observed among the study subjects with either medication alone or in combination, suggesting that individual hormone-dependent glycemic responses to the alpha-GI and DPP-4 inhibitors are complicated and multifactorial. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

CYP2J3 Gene Delivery Reduces Insulin Resistance via Upregulation of eNOS in Fructose-treated Rats

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study investigated the roles of eNOS in CYP2J3 gene delivery reducing blood pressure and improving insulin resistance in fructose-treated rats. CYP2J3 overexpression in vivo increased EET generation, reduced blood pressure and reversed insulin resistance as determined by insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Furthermore, administration of eNOS inhibitor L-NMMA significantly and partially abolished the beneficial effects of CYP2J3 gene delivery on hypertension and insulin resistance induced by fructose intake, and possible mechanism is associated with increased ET-1, ETA-receptor mRNA expression and reduced sensitivity of insulin to peripheral tissues and organs characterized by reduced activity of IRS-1/PI3K/AKT and AMPK signalling pathways. These data provide direct evidence that CYP2J...

Impact of Glycemic Control on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) have increased risk of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are also reduced in hyperglycemic states. However, the relationships between glycemic control, levels of EPCs and arterial stiffness are unknown. Methods: We measured circulating EPCs and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in 234 patients with type 2 DM and compared them with 121 age- and sex-matched controls. Results: Patients with DM had significantly lower circulating Log CD34/KDR+ and Log CD133/KDR+ EPC counts, and higher Log baPWV compared with controls (all P (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

PPAR-gamma Pro12Ala and ACE I/D polymorphisms are associated with BMI and fat distribution, but not metabolic syndrome

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Carriers of PPARgamma2 Ala allele had higher BMI and fat-mass but not a worse metabolic profile, possibly because of a more favorable adipose tissue distribution. A gene interaction exists between Pro12Ala and ACE I/D on BMI and fat mass. Further studies are needed to assess the contribution of Pro12Ala polymorphism in adiposity distribution. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Metabolic Complications on Myocardial Nutrient Metabolism, Blood Flow, and Oxygen Consumption: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We examined whether myocardial nutrient metabolism and left ventricular dysfunction are related to one another and worse in HIV infected men treated with cART vs. HIV-negative men with or without MC. Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional study of myocardial glucose and fatty acid metabolism and left ventricular function in HIV+ and HIV-negative men with and without MC. Myocardial glucose utilization (GLUT), and fatty acid oxidation and utilization rates were quantified using 11C-glucose and 11C-palmitate and myocardial positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in four groups of men: 23 HIV+ men with MC+ (HIV+/MC+, 42+/-6 yrs), 15 HIV+ men without MC (HIV+/MC-, 41+/-6 yrs), 9 HIV-negative men with MC (HIV-/MC+, 33+/-5 yrs), and 22 HIV-negative men without MC (HIV-/MC-, 25+/-6 yrs). Left ve...

Circulating levels of IL-18 are significantly influenced by the IL-18 +183 A/G Polymorphism in Coronary Artery Disease patients with Diabetes Type 2 and the Metabolic Syndrome: An Observational Study

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The reduction in serum IL-18 levels across increasing numbers of +183G-alleles was especially apparent in patient with diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome, suggesting a beneficial GG genotype in relation to cardiovascular outcome in these patients.Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT00222261 at clinicaltrials.gov (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Short-term effects of liraglutide on visceral fat adiposity, appetite, and food preference: a pilot study of obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Short-term treatment with liraglutide improved visceral fat adiposity, appetite, food preference and the urge for fat intake in obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Elevated fasting insulin predicts the future incidence of metabolic syndrome: a 5-year follow-up study

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These data suggest that high baseline fasting insulin levels are independent determinants for the future development of MS. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Relation between the frequency of CD34+ bone marrow derived circulating progenitor cells and the number of diseased coronary arteries in patients with myocardial ischemia and diabetes

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Background Bone marrow-derived circulating progenitor cells (BM-CPCs) in patients with coronary heart disease are impaired with respect to number and mobilization. However, it is unknown whether the mobilization of BM-CPCs depends on the number of diseased coronary arteries. Therefore, in our study, we analysed the correlation between the diseased coronary arteries and the frequency of CD34/45+ BM-CPCs in peripheral blood (PB) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).Methods The frequency of CD34/45+ BM-CPCs was measured by flow cytometry in 120 patients with coronary 1 vessel (IHD1, n=40), coronary 2 vessel (IHD2, n=40), coronary 3 vessel disease (IHD3, n=40) and in a control group of healthy subjects (n=40). There was no significant difference of the total number of cardiovascular r...

Cardiometabolic risk variables in overweight and obese children: a worldwide comparison

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

The growing prevalence rate of pediatric obesity, which is frequently accompanied by several cardiometabolic risk factors, has become a serious global health issue. To date, little is known regarding differences for cardiometabolic risk factors (prevalence and means) in children from different countries. In the present review, we aimed to provide a review for the available evidence regarding cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight pediatric populations. We therefore provided information with respect to the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance, high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol and hypertension (components of the metabolic syndrome) among cohorts from different countries. Moreover, we aimed to compare the means of glucose and lipid levels (triglycerides...

Nicorandil prevents endothelial dysfunction due to antioxidative effects via normalisation of NADPH oxidase and nitric oxide synthase in streptozotocin diabetic rats

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results suggest that nicorandil improved diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction through antioxidative effects by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and eNOS uncoupling. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Dysglycemia induces abnormal circadian blood pressure variability

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Background: Prediabetes (PreDM) in asymptomatic adults is associated with abnormal circadian blood pressure variability (abnormal CBPV).Hypothesis: Systemic inflammation and glycemia influence circadian blood pressure variability. Methods: Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats (n=19) after weaning were fed either an American (AD) or a standard (SD) diet. The AD (high-glycemic-index, high-fat) simulated customary human diet, provided daily overabundant calories which over time lead to body weight gain. The SD (low-glycemic-index, low-fat) mirrored desirable balanced human diet for maintaining body weight. Body weight and serum concentrations for fasting glucose (FG), adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), and proinflammatory cytokines [monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis fact...

Insulin resistance increases the occurrence of new cardiovascular events in patients with manifest arterial disease without known diabetes. The SMART study.

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In patients with manifest arterial disease without known diabetes, insulin resistance increases with the number of metabolic syndrome components, and elevated insulin resistance increases the risk of new cardiovascular events. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor member ST2 exhibits higher soluble levels in type 2 diabetes, especially when accompanied with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Background: Soluble ST2, a member of the of the Toll/IL-1 superfamily, is a novel biomarker with exceptional predictive value in heart failure and myocardial infarction- related mortality as well as in acute dyspneic states. Soluble ST2 is considered a decoy receptor of IL 33 that blocks the protective effects of the cytokine in atherosclerosis and cardiac remodeling. In the present study we investigated the differences in the levels of soluble ST2, BNP and hs-CRP between healthy controls and patients with type 2 diabetes with and without left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. A secondary aim was to investigate correlations between sST2 and other biomarkers of type 2 diabetes, such as HbA1c. Methods: 158 volunteers were recruited and underwent a complete Doppler-echocardiographic evaluat...

Impact of metabolic syndrome and its components on cardiovascular disease event rates in 4900 patients with type 2 diabetes assigned to placebo in the FIELD randomised trial

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Absence of the metabolic syndrome (by the WHO definition) identifies diabetes patients, without prior CVD, who have a lower risk of future CVD events. Hypertension and dyslipidemia increase risk. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Haptoglobin Genotype Predicts Development of Coronary Artery Calcification in a Prospective Cohort of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Sun, 20 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Hp genotype may aid prediction of accelerated coronary atherosclerosis in subjects with type 1 diabetes. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Prognostic significance of hemoglobin A1c level in patients hospitalized with coronary artery disease A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that elevated HbA1c level is an independent risk factor for mortality in CAD patients without diabetes, but not in patients with established diabetes. Prospective studies should further investigate whether glycemic control might improve outcomes in CAD patients without previously diagnosed diabetes. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Azelnidipine prevents cardiac dysfunction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats by reducing intracellular calcium accumulation, oxidative stress and apoptosis

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionCollectively, the data suggest a beneficial effect of AZL in the therapeutics of diabetic cardiomyopathy, through a mechanism related to alteration in intracellular Ca2+ handling and apoptosis through its antioxidant property. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Effect of genetic and environmental influences on cardiometabolic risk factors: a twin study

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Some cardiometabolic risk factors have strong heritability while others are substantially influenced by environmental factors. Understanding the special heritability characteristics of a particular risk factor can substantiate further investigations, especially in molecular genetics. Moreover, identifying genetic and environmental contribution to certain cardiometabolic risk factors can help in designing prevention and treatment strategies in the population investigated. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Concomitant renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus as prognostic factors for acute myocardial infarction

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Renal insufficiency, especially in association with diabetes, is associated with the occurrence of composite MACE and indicates poor prognosis in patients with AMI. Categorization of patients with diabetes and/or renal insufficiency provides valuable information for early-risk stratification of AMI patients. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Eplerenone prevents salt-Induced vascular stiffness in Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats: a preliminary report

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Eplerenone and hydralazine prevented increased media-to-lumen ratio in salt-loaded ZDF-rats, indicating a regression of vascular hypertrophy, which is likely mediated by the blood pressure lowering-effect. Eplerenone has additionally the potential to prevent increased vascular stiffness in salt-loaded ZDF-rats. This suggests an effect of the specific aldosterone antagonist on adverse vascular wall remodelling. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on diabetic cardiomyopathy in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: G-CSF can ameliorate cardiac diastolic dysfunction and morphological damage, especially fibrosis of the myocardium, in OLETF rats with diabetic CMP. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Predicting insulin resistance using the triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in Taiwanese adults

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of insulin resistance, defined by HOMA-IR, using TG/HDL-C can be significantly enhanced by including three additional clinically available factors - sex, waist circumferences, and ALT levels. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Yearly evolution of organ damage markers in diabetes or metabolic syndrome: data from the LOD-DIABETES Study.

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The annual assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and the decrease in pulse wave velocity was more favorable in the patients with metabolic syndrome, probably influenced by the increased percentage of subjects treated with antihypertensive and lipid lowering drugs in this group. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

An association between TRP64ARG polymorphism of the B3 adrenoreceptor gene and some metabolic disturbances

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Backgrounds: B3 adrenoreceptors (ADRB3) are abundant in adipose tissue and play the role in its metabolism and lipolysis. Some variants of the ADRB3 gene may predispose subjects for the development obesity and metabolic abnormalities in the setting of modern sedentary lifestyle. ADRB3 gene polymorphism association with metabolic disturbances has never been studied before in the ethnic Kyrgyz population.Aim: To study an association between Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 and metabolic syndrome (MS) components in an ethnic Kyrgyz group.Materials and methods: 213 Ethnic Kyrgyz volunteers over the age of 30 were enrolled in the study. The assessment plan for each individual comprised of general physical and anthropometric exams as well as laboratory tests (glucose, lipid panel, insulin) and...

Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Large Artery Structure And Function In Young Subjects With Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Background: Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), indices of large artery stiffness and measures of endothelium function may be used as markers of early atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of the present study was to compare the indices of large artery structure and function as well as endothelial function and regenerating capacity between adolescents with T1DM and healthy control of similar age. In addition, the associations of different vascular measures with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), glyco-metabolic control and serum levels of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), soluble receptors for AGEs (sRAGE) and adiponectin were evaluated. Methods: Sixteen uncomplicated young T1DM patients (mean age 18+/-2 years, history of disease 11+/-5 years, HbA1c 7.7+/-1.1...

Association of chemerin mRNA expression in human epicardial adipose tissue with coronary atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, we sought to determine the relationship of chemerin expression in EAT and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in Han Chinese patients. Methods: Serums and adipose tissue biopsies (epicardial and thoracic subcutaneous) were obtained from CAD (n=37) and NCAD (n=16) patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Gensini score was used to assess the severity of CAD. Serum levels of chemerin, adiponectin and insulin were measured by ELISA. Chemerin protein expression in adipose tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA levels of chemerin, chemR23, adiponectin and TNF-alpha in adipose tissue were detected by RT-PCR. Results: We found that EAT of CAD group showed significantly higher levels of chemerin and TNF-alpha mRNA, and significantly lower level of adiponectin...

Age, gender, insulin and blood glucose control status alter the risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke among elderly diabetic patients

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: IHD and CVA risks are affected by specific factors in diabetics, such as treatment, gender and age. Specifically, insulin use has a potential role in preventing IHD but may also be a risk factor for CVA among the diabetic elderly, thus revealing a need to develop improved treatment strategies for diabetes in elderly patients. The Japan Cholesterol and Diabetes Mellitus Study was formulated to evaluate them(Umin Clinical Trials Registry, clinical trial reg.no. UMIN00000516;http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm). (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Early and late effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in a rat model of post-myocardial infarction heart failure

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Background: Progressive remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Recently, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 was shown to have cardioprotective effects, but treatment with GLP-1 is limited by its short half-life. It is rapidly degraded by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), an enzyme which inhibits GLP-1 activity. We hypothesized that the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin will increase levels of GLP-1 and may exert protective effects on cardiac function after MI. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were either subjected to coronary ligation to induce MI and left ventricular (LV) remodeling, or sham operation. Parts of the rats with an MI were pre-treated for 2 days with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (MI-Vildagliptin immediate, MI-VI, 15 mg/kg/day...

Type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes are associated with obstructive sleep apnea in extremely obese subjects: a cross-sectional study

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Sun, 25 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common yet underdiagnosed condition. The aim of our study is to test whether prediabetes and type 2 diabetes are associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in extremely obese (BMI [greater than or equal to] 40 kg/m2) subjects. Methods: One hundred and thirty seven consecutive extremely obese patients (99 females) from a controlled clinical trial [MOBIL-study (Morbid Obesity treatment, Bariatric surgery versus Intensive Lifestyle intervention Study) (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00273104)] underwent somnography with Embletta(R) and a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). OSA was defined by an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) [greater than or equal to] 5 events/hour. Patients were categorized into three groups according to criteria from the Am...

Association of ADIPOR2 gene variants with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes risk in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance: the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Sat, 24 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results suggest that SNPs in the ADIPOR2 may modify the risk of CVD in individuals with IGT, possibly through alterations in the mRNA expression levels. In addition an independent genetic signal in ADIPOR2 locus may have an impact on the risk of developing T2DM in individuals with IGT.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov NCT00518167 (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Study rationale and design of OPTIMISE, a randomised controlled trial on the effect of benchmarking on quality of care in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This paper discusses the study rationale and design of OPTIMISE, a randomised controlled study, that will help assess whether benchmarking is a useful clinical tool for improving outcomes in T2DM in primary care.Trial registrationNCT00681850 (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Stability of the factorial structure of metabolic syndrome from childhood to adolescence: a 6-year follow-up study

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: A single factor model underlying MS is stable across the puberty in both Estonian and Swedish young people. The MS index tracks acceptably from childhood to adolescence. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Impact of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome on myocardial structure and microvasculature of men with coronary artery disease

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Impaired diastolic function of type 2 diabetic and metabolic syndrome patients was not dependent on increased myocardial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, alteration of the myocardial microvascular structure, or increased myocardial expression of Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine or RAGE. These findings suggest that the increased myocardial fibrosis and AGE expression, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and altered microvasculature structure described in diabetic heart disease were a consequence, rather than an initiating cause, of cardiac dysfunction. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Effects of calcium channel blockers on glucose tolerance, inflammatory state, and circulating progenitor cells in non-diabetic patients with essential hypertension: a comparative study between Azelnidipine and amlodipine on Glucose tolerance and ENdothelial function - a crossover Trial (AGENT)

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Sat, 10 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results suggest that azelnidipine treatment may have beneficial effects on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, the inflammatory state, and number of circulating progenitor cells in non-diabetic patients with essential hypertension. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Effect of cinnamon on gastric emptying, arterial stiffness, postprandial lipemia, glycemia, and appetite responses to high-fat breakfast

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Background, Cinnamon has been shown to delay gastric emptying of a high-carbohydrate meal and reduce postprandial glycemia in healthy adults. However, it is dietary fat which is implicated in the etiology and is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the effect of 3 g cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) on GE, postprandial lipemic and glycemic responses, oxidative stress, arterial stiffness, as well as appetite sensations and subsequent food intake following a high-fat meal. Methods, A single-blind randomized crossover study assessed nine healthy, young subjects. GE rate of a high-fat meal supplemented with 3 g cinnamon or placebo was determined using the 13C octanoic acid breath test. Breath, blood samples and subjective appetite ratings we...

Proteasome Modulator 9 SNPs are linked to Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes Families

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Sat, 27 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We conclude that the PSMD9 gene and/or any variant in linkage disequilibrium with the SNPs studied contribute to the linkage to hypertension within our family dataset. This is the first report of PSMD9 linkage to hypertension within the 12q24 locus. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Plasma osteoprotegerin is related to carotid and peripheral arterial disease, but not to myocardial ischemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Thu, 11 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100