MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Cardiovascular Therapeutics' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:32:33 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638379&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00310.x SUMMARY Over 40 years ago, NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase 2 (Nox2) was discovered in phagocytes and found to be essential in innate immunity. More than 20 years passed before additional Nox isoforms were discovered; and since then, studies have revealed that several of these isoforms (Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, and Nox5) are found in human cardiac and vascular cells and contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recently, major efforts have focused on identifying inhibitors capable of ameliorating Nox‐mediated CVD. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of each Nox isoform in CVD, identify steps in Nox signaling that will serve as potential targets for the design of therapeutics, and highlight innovative strategies likely to yield effecti... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638379 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 14:12:06 +0100 5638379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638381&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00306.x SUMMARY  For the past 40 years, beta‐blockers have been widely used in cardiovascular medicine, reducing morbidity as well as mortality. Beta‐blockers are currently used in a number of cardiovascular conditions such as systolic heart failure, postmyocardial infarction, and in prevention and treatment of arrhythmias. They are not recommended as the first line antihypertensive therapy, particularly in the elderly, unless there are specific indications. Despite the benefits of beta‐blockers, tolerability concerns in patients with co‐morbidities have limited their use. Some of these problems were overcome with the discovery of cardioselective beta‐blockers. The third generation beta‐blockers have additional properties of vasodilatation and advantages in terms of minimizing the ad... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638381 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638380&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00307.x Conclusions: Treatment with PPAR‐α agonist fenofibrate significantly improved CFVR and arterial stiffness in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. This endothelial protective effect may be reduced in part by the side effect of increasing homocysteine. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638380 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5552229&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00304.x (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5552229 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5552229 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5552228&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00308.x SUMMARY Tight control of blood glucose reduces cardiovascular events and total mortality is conflicting. To summarize clinical effects of tight versus conventional glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Knowledge with no limits of language and time. Further trials were searched from the reference lists of identified studies. We included randomized controlled comparing different levels of blood glucose control intensity in type 2 diabetic patients. Two independent reviewers extracted data of eligible studies using standard case report forms. We investigated total mortality, cardiovascular and microvascular events, and hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. We used random‐effects models to obt... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5552228 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5552228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5552227&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00305.x Conclusions: Bivalirudin is better than UFH in reducing periprocedural platelet activation. Moreover, thrombin‐induced TF expression is inhibited by bivalirudin. Thus, bivalirudin seems to be a better anticoagulant during PCI than UFH. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5552227 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5552227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5552226&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00309.x Conclusion: In this study, oral NAC administration does not reduce neither the incidence of cystatin C‐based CIN nor serum creatinine‐based CIN in patients undergoing cardiovascular procedures. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5552226 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5552226 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5476418&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00303.x SUMMARYMacrolide antibiotics are broadly used for the treatment of various microbial infections. However, they are also known to have multiple biologic effects, such as alteration of inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Because of controversial results in clinical trials, the effects of macrolides on cardiovascular diseases are still to be elucidated. It has been reported that MMP activity is upregulated in various cardiovascular diseases, such as myocarditis, cardiac transplant rejection and myocardial infarction. However, little is known about the effects of macrolides on cardiovascular diseases. We have reported that clarithromycin suppressed the development of myocarditis, cardiac rejection and myocardial ischemia using animal models. In this article, we reviewed ... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5476418 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5476418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296884&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00293.x SUMMARYPlatelets play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Therefore, great interests have been focused in the last decades on improvement in antiplatelet therapies, that currently are regarded as main pillars in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease, with special attention to glycoprotein IIb‐IIIa (GP IIb‐IIIa) receptors, that mediates the final stage of platelet activation. GP IIb‐IIIa inhibitors, especially abciximab, have been shown to improve clinical outcome in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for STEMI. Upstream administration cannot routinely recommended, but may potentially be considered among high‐risk patients within the first 4 h from symptoms onset. In case of periprocedural administration of ... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296884 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296883&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00300.x SUMMARYAccumulating evidence suggests interactions between bone and energy metabolism, which may affect the risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent animal studies indicate that osteocalcin (OC) plays a key role in the coordinated regulation of glucose and insulin metabolism while insulin receptors on osteoblasts may regulate bone turnover and circulating OC levels. Association studies, weight loss interventions, and observational data lend some support to the existence and relevance of these mechanisms in humans. However, corroborating evidence from pharmacologic interventions in either bone or glucose metabolism is limited by the number, design, and complex pharmacological effects of the drugs used. Furthermore, such clinical trials are complicated by the alteration of metabolic feedback m... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296883 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5285476&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00302.x SUMMARYThe pathophysiology of post‐PCI restenosis involves neointimal formation that consists of three phases: thrombosis (within 24 h), recruitment (3–8 days), and proliferation, which starts on day 8 of PCI. Various factors suggested to be predictors/risks for restenosis include C‐reactive protein (CRP), inflammatory mediators (cytokines and adhesion molecules), oxygen radicals, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors (RAGE), and soluble RAGE (sRAGE). The earlier noted factors produce thrombogenesis, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix formation. Statins have pleiotropic effects. Besides lowering serum cholesterol, they have various other biological effects including antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, CRP‐lowering, antioxidant, an... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5285476 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5285476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5096932&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00276.x SUMMARYMatricellular proteins are highly expressed in reparative responses to pressure and volume overload, ischemia, oxidative stress after myocardial injury, and modulate the inflammatory and fibrotic process in ventricular remodeling, which leads to cardiac dysfunction and eventually overt heart failure. Generally, matricellular proteins loosen strong adhesion of cardiomyocytes to extracellular matrix, which would help cells to move for rearrangement and allow inflammatory cells and capillary vessels to spread during tissue remodeling. Among matricellular proteins, osteopontin (OPN) and tenascin‐C (TN‐C) are de‐adhesion proteins and upregulate the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases. These matricellular proteins could be key molecules to diagnose cardiac remodelin... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5096932 Wed, 03 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5096932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5096930&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00282.x Conclusion: Taken together, the presence of HF appeared to abrogate the vasodilator responsiveness of sEH inhibitor. These results suggest an important role for both UII and sEH in vascular regulation and that sEH may be involved in mediating UII effects. Furthermore, the study highlights the therapeutic potential of sEH inhibitors for the treatment of HF. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5096930 Wed, 03 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5096930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088333&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00296.x SUMMARYAntiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel in PCI patients, though effective, is still associated with thrombotic complications. These are multifactorial in origin, but partially attributable to “clopidogrel resistance.” However, how best to identify and manage “clopidogrel resistance” remains unclear. Targeting therapeutic changes specifically at those individuals with poor response to clopidogrel is likely to be a solution. A “one size fits all” approach to clopidogrel dosing is probably flawed. This review will explore (1) the definition and mechanisms of clopidogrel resistance, (2) assessment of clopidogrel resistance by (i) platelet function testing and (ii) genetic testing, (3) the management of “clopidogrel resistance,” and (4) newer antiplatelet agents... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088333 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088332&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00297.x Conclusions: The novelty of the present findings is that R‐BNP infusion in HF patients can boost pulmonary ventilatory response at rest and during exercise. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088332 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5225342&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00301.x SUMMARYRecent studies have shown that stromal cell derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1), first known as a cytokine involved in recruiting stem cells into injured organs, confers myocardial protection in myocardial infarction, which is not dependent on stem cell recruitment but related with modulation of ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the effect of SDF has been studied only in a preischemic exposure model, which is not clinically relevant if SDF is to be used as a therapeutic agent. Our study was aimed at evaluating whether or not SDF‐1 confers cardioprotection during the reperfusion period. Hearts from SD rats were isolated and perfused with the Langendorff system. Proximal left coronary artery ligation, reperfusion, and SDF perfusion in KH buffer was done according to study proto... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5225342 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5225342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5161552&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00295.x Conclusion: The currently employed dosing algorithm, which adjusts the administration of ESA based on the absolute hemoglobin and weekly change in hemoglobin increases Hb with relatively a low weekly dose of ESA without significant effects on BP. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5161552 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5161552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5109322&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00299.x SUMMARYContrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is reported to be the third leading cause of acute renal failure. The role of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in CIN is controversial. Some studies pointed out that it was effective in the prevention of CIN, while some concluded that it was associated with increased risk of CIN, especially for patients with preexisting renal impairment. Nevertheless, it is a common practice in many centers to prescribe ACE inhibitors before coronary angiography. The most likely mechanisms leading to CIN are medullary hypoxia due to decreased renal blood flow (RBF) secondary to renal artery vasoconstriction and direct tubular toxicity by contrast medium (CM). Furthermore, experimental data suggest that an activated renin–angiotensin–aldosteron... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5109322 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5109322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5096927&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00284.x Conclusions: The accelerated SK infusion regimen of 1.5 MU in 20 min is safe and well tolerated with significantly faster and higher clinical reperfusion rates, more preserved LV systolic function, less atrial and ventricular sustained arrhythmias, and less in‐hospital and 1 year mortality rates in acute STEMI. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5096927 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5096927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088331&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00298.x Conclusion: Beyond a similar reduction of AP, patients with UA and MCS could benefit more from the reduction of heart rate induced by esmolol (ChiCTR‐TRC‐10000964). (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088331 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088338&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00272.x Conclusions: In conclusion, both treatments, rosuvastatin and B‐group vitamin supplementation, improved endothelial function in high‐risk cardiovascular patients. The combination of both therapies had an additive effect on endothelial function suggesting different mechanisms of action. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088338 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088337&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00202.x SUMMARYClopidogrel is an inhibitor of the ADP receptor P2Y12 and platelet aggregation. It is widely used for the management of atherothrombotic disease in patients who have experienced severe vascular events such as stroke or myocardial infarction or with peripheral artery disease. However, some patients show “resistance” to clopidogrel, and show impaired inhibition of platelet aggregation. In this review, I discuss the clinical evidence of the extent of the problem, potential implications for future cardiovascular events and clinical tests to assess platelet aggregation. I also discuss the mechanisms that appear responsible for clopidogrel resistance. Clopidogrel is administered as a prodrug and the active metabolite is generated by the cytochrome P450 system. Therefore, inadequate re... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088337 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088336&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00229.x This article describes the interventional treatments in the management of severe symptoms associated with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088336 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088335&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00262.x SUMMARYInhibition of the platelet P2Y12 receptor plays an important role in the prevention of thrombotic complications of acute coronary syndrome and percutaneous coronary interventions. Despite clinical benefits with clopidogrel therapy in these high risk patients, efficacy of clopidogrel is limited by slow onset of action, variability in platelet inhibitory response and potential drug–drug interactions. Importantly, suboptimal platelet inhibition by clopidogrel is associated with worse prognosis. This underscores the need for alternate antiplatelet treatment strategies. A number of novel P2Y12 antagonists are approved or in advanced development and some have demonstrated superior platelet inhibition effect, clinical outcomes, and safety profile than clopidogrel in patients with acute c... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088335 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088334&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00275.x Conclusions: In obese subjects, we demonstrate that myocardial intracellular triglyceride oxidation significantly provides FA‐derived energy for mechanical work. TMZ reduced the oxidation of triglyceride‐derived myocardial FAs improving myocardial efficiency. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088334 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5020633&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00285.x Conclusions: The result suggests that the Pilates method may be a beneficial adjunctive treatment that enhances functional capacity in patients with HF who are already receiving standard medical therapy. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5020633 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 15:34:02 +0100 5020633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4986075&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00294.x Conclusion: These results suggested that chronic pretreatment with metformin may be associated with the reduction of the no‐reflow phenomenon in patients with diabetes mellitus after primary angioplasty for AMI. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4986075 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4986075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4936819&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00277.x Conclusions: XOI improves endothelial function and circulating markers of oxidative stress in patients with, or at risk of, cardiovascular disease. Large prospective studies examining definitive end points are lacking but now appear indicated. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4936819 Sat, 11 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4936819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4998608&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00292.x Conclusion: In a hypertensive rat model that underwent experimental MI, EF, and LVEDP, key functional indices of heart failure, were improved by treatment with combination ACE and direct renin inhibition when compared with either agent used alone. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4998608 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4998608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4986074&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00291.x Conclusion: Among subjects with existing CAD aspirin use was shown to be a dominant choice of treatment. However, among patients without existing cardiovascular disease (primary prevention), increased uptake of aspirin was cost effective but with uncertain benefit, with two hemorrhagic bleeding events occurring for every life saved. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4986074 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4986074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4946499&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00279.x Conclusion: This study reconfirms the results of previous placebo‐controlled studies, which demonstrate that ambrisentan is well tolerated and provides benefit in patients with PAH. Definitive conclusions regarding the safety and efficacy of ambrisentan in specific non‐Group 1 PH etiologies cannot be determined and larger, controlled studies will be necessary to determine the efficacy and safety of ambrisentan in these populations. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4946499 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4946499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4936818&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00134.x Anticoagulant therapy, combined with platelet‐directed inhibitors, represents a standard‐of‐care in the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome, particularly those who require percutaneous coronary interventions. While a vast clinical experience, coupled with large clinical trials have collectively provided guidance, an optimal anticoagulant drug and applied strategy, defined as one that reduces thrombotic and hemorrhagic events consistently, with minimal off‐target effects and active control of systemic anticoagulation according to patient and clinical‐setting specific need, remains at large. An advancing knowledge of coagulation, hemostasis, and thrombosis suggests that factor IXa, a protease that governs thrombin generation in common thrombotic disorders may repres... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4936818 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4936818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4895224&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00286.x SUMMARYThiazide diuretics are one of the most widely used and cost‐effective classes of antihypertensive agents worldwide. Thiazides however have a significant side effect profile and are frequently insufficient to normalize blood pressure alone. Thiazide‐induced hyponatraemia (TIH) is a major adverse effect, affecting up to one in seven patients receiving these drugs. TIH is more common in females, the elderly and those of low body weight and may cause symptoms such as confusion, falls and seizures. It is a common cause of hospital admission in the elderly.Although TIH occurs at least as frequently as hypokalaemia, much less is understood about the mechanism by which this occurs. Thiazides lower blood pressure by reducing the reabsorption of sodium from the distal nephron by inhibitio... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4895224 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4895224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4885574&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00288.x Conclusions: Here, for the first time, our data suggest that acute ERβ activation does not impact ischemic tolerance in the adult or aged female Fischer 344 rat myocardium and this likely due to a lack of detectable ERβ. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4885574 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4885574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4885576&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00278.x Conclusion: These studies demonstrate that sunitinib/metabolite had no direct effects on cardiac function ex vivo, and that therapeutically relevant concentrations of sunitinib dosed on a “clinical schedule” increased BP in rats without adverse changes in cardiac structure/function. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4885576 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4885576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4885575&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00280.x SUMMARYThe purpose of this review is to describe novel pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic preventive therapies, as well as new strategies to improve delivery of available therapies. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, and prevention plays a critical role in curbing the global epidemic. Despite available treatment for tobacco addiction, platelet inhibition, blood pressure, and lipid lowering for reduction of atherosclerotic disease, significant gaps in treatment of total CVD remain. We review a range of new preventive treatment options, including drugs for tobacco cessation, platelet/thrombotic inhibition, lipid‐ and blood pressure‐lowering; nonpharmacologic options such as left atrial appendage closure devices and caloric restriction; and strategies su... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4885575 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4885575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4877563&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00289.x SUMMARYPrevious mechanistic studies have suggested a possible interaction between proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) and clopidogrel. However, the results of clinical trials about the effects of PPIs on safety and efficacy of clopidogrel are controversial. The study sought to estimate the impact of PPIs on antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. The study performed a meta‐analysis of comparative concomitant use of clopidogrel with PPIs versus clopidogrel without PPIs studies published or presented to October 2010. Cardiovascular death, readmission for myocardial infarction/readmission for acute coronary syndrome, and nonfatal stroke were set as clinical endpoints. In randomized control trials (RCTs), the clinical endpoints risk ratio for clopidogrel with PPIs versus clopidogrel without PPIs was 1.... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4877563 Mon, 30 May 2011 15:28:08 +0100 4877563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864050&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00287.x Conclusions: Atorvastatin inhibits Hcy‐induced ER stress both in vitro and in vivo. The protective effect of atorvastatin against Hcy‐induced vascular injury is mediated by AMPK activation. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864050 Thu, 26 May 2011 15:25:41 +0100 4864050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864053&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00290.x SUMMARYThe aim of this review is to provide useful information not only for studying the effect of OATP1B1 and/or BCRP gene mutation on pharmacokinetics of novle statins of pitavastatin and rosuvastatin but also for studying drug–drug interactions (DDI) between the novle statins and other substrates of OATP1B1 and/or BCRP. Intra‐ and inter‐ethnic differences in pharmacokinetic profiles of clinically relevant drugs are important issues reported in many papers not only for scenes of appropriate drug used in clinical settings but also for those of the drug development. Pharmacogenomics is extremely useful for understanding these racial differences. Recent pharmacogenetics study have disclosed important roles of drug transporters in the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of some clinically re... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864053 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864052&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00283.x Conclusions: Baseline BP, but not change in BP, was significantly associated with risk of thrombotic CVEs through 18 months. The CV risk of COX‐2s and NSAIDs did not appear to be related to the BP‐elevating effects of these agents, although such analyses, i.e., from randomized controlled trials, are unable to definitively exclude such a relationship. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864052 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864051&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00273.x We report the first known case of the safe use of Ranolazine with good symptomatic relief of angina in an 88‐year‐old lady with isolated severe aortic stenosis (without significant coronary disease) who was not suitable for surgical or percutaneous valve replacement due to medical comorbidity. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864051 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854256&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00270.x Conclusions: Overexpression of VS‐1 in cardiomyocytes could limit the H/R injuries at molecular levels. The protective effects were independent of endothelial cell function, suggestive of a potential therapeutic target for patients with myocardial ischemia in the future. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854256 Tue, 24 May 2011 15:37:13 +0100 4854256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4776365&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00281.x (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4776365 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4776365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4686250&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00268.x SUMMARYThe sympathetic nervous system plays a central role in the pathophysiology not only of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases but also metabolic disorders including disturbances of glucose and lipid homeostasis. A centrally acting sympathetic agent is therefore attractive not only for lowering blood pressure, but also intervening with multiple disease processes. Older agents such as clonidine and guanabenz have numerous side effects, including sedation and dry mouth that limit their acceptability to patients. Moxonidine and the related agent rilmenidine have greatly reduced side effects, because they have reduced activity at the α2‐adrenergic receptors that mediate these undesirable actions. Instead, moxonidine and rilmenidine act primarily through a novel cellular site, ... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4686250 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4686250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664918&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00266.x SUMMARYHomocysteine has been established as a serious, independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. An elevated plasma homocysteine concentration is accompanied by increased cardiovascular risk; therefore, it can be assumed that lowering the plasma homocysteine level results in a decreased risk. Vitamin B complex (folic acid, and vitamins B6 and B12) substitution therapy decreases the plasma homocysteine level, inhibits oxidative stress, and ameliorates some biochemical and clinical parameters that indicate the progression of atherosclerosis. Vitamin E administration may also reduce atherogenesis through its antioxidant effect. The effectiveness of B and E vitamin substitution in decreasing cardiovascular risk has been suggested by cohort as well as prospective and retrospective studies un... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664918 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4664918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664917&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00267.x Conclusions: Statin rechallenge is a real treatment option in patients with statin myopathy. Detailed history and examination is required to exclude muscle diseases unrelated to statin usage. In patients developing statin myopathy on simvastatin, we did not find any statistical difference between subsequent tolerability rates to rosuvastatin, pravastatin, and fluvastatin. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664917 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4664917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664916&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00271.x SUMMARYGinsenosides are the bioactive constituents of ginseng, a key herb in traditional Chinese medicine. As a single component of ginseng, ginsenoside Re (G‐Re) belongs to the panaxatriol group. Many reports demonstrated that G‐Re possesses the multifaceted beneficial pharmacological effects on cardiovascular system. G‐Re has negative effect on cardiac contractility and autorhythmicity. It causes alternations in cardiac electrophysiological properties, which may account for its antiarrhythmic effect. In addition, G‐Re also exerts antiischemic effect and induces angiogenic regeneration. In this review, we first outline the chemistry and the pharmacological effects of G‐Re on the cardiovascular system. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664916 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4664916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4664915&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00274.x SUMMARYPrevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is still a clinical challenge in the cardiovascular medicine. The classical belief that atherosclerotic lesion development solely depends on lipid deposition has been replaced by the current concept that activation of immune and inflammatory responses plays a central role in plaque initiation and progression. In this review we summarize studies on human and genetically modified animals describing a finite number of cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie immunoinflammation in atherosclerotic plaques. We focus on the pro‐ and antiinflammatory mediators activated during atherogenesis and the intracellular signaling pathways regulating these events. Besides the advances on established pharmacological agents, we propose potential str... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4664915 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4664915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623157&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00269.x SUMMARYInvolvement of imidazoline receptors (IR) in the regulation of vasomotor tone as well as in the mechanism of action of some centrally acting antihypertensives has received tremendous attention. To date, pharmacological studies have allowed the characterization of three main imidazoline receptor classes, the I1‐imidazoline receptor which is involved in central inhibition of sympathetic tone to lower blood pressure, the I2‐imidazoline receptor which is an allosteric binding site of monoamine oxidase B (MAO‐B), and the I3‐imidazoline receptor which regulates insulin secretion from pancreatic β‐cells. All three imidazoline receptors represent important targets for cardiovascular research. The hypotensive effect of clonidine‐like centrally acting antihypertensives was attrib... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623157 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4571583&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00261.x Conclusions: Exercise performance is better preserved with nebivolol than with carvedilol under acute exposure to HA hypoxia in healthy subjects. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4571583 Fri, 11 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4571583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4495988&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00264.x Conclusions: This study demonstrated for the first time that the serum level of AGEs was one of the independent correlates of decreased cell number and impaired migratory activity of circulating EPCs in apparently healthy subjects. Our present observations suggest that even in young healthy subjects, serum level of AGEs may be a biomarker that could predict the progression of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4495988 Fri, 18 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4495988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4495989&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2011.00263.x This article reviews and discusses select components of a large literature of prasugrel data that has emerged since the TRITON‐TIMI 38 (TRITON) study primary disclosure. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4495989 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4495989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4478391&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00250.x SUMMARYA Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is detectable in 20–25% of the population. Some, but not all, case control studies have found an increased incidence of PFO in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Prospective cohort studies have failed to convincingly demonstrate a link between PFO and first stroke, and evidence linking PFO to recurrent stroke is far from compelling. The rate of recurrent stroke in medically treated patients is low, but the development of devices for PFO closure has lead to enthusiasm in some quarters to pursue a strategy of device closure. Nonrandomized studies have suggested a lower risk of recurrent events with device closure but the data are heterogeneous, and potentially prone to bias. Device implantation is associated with a risk of major adverse events of between ... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4478391 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4478391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4478390&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00259.x Conclusion: Aspirin resistance appears more common in patients with carotid disease who have MES compared to those without. Further work should aim to establish whether screening for aspirin resistance and subsequent adjustment to antiplatelet therapy reduces the rate of MES and stroke risk in those with carotid disease. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4478390 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4478390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4415415&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00253.x SUMMARYThe population is aging, the prevalence of heart failure increases with age, and on average women live longer than men. There is evidence for sex‐specific effects of individual, guideline‐recommended drugs used for treatment of chronic heart failure. Women are underrepresented in most clinical trials and only a minority of drug applications to regulatory authorities have included sex analyses. The present review focuses on the potential female survival benefit in heart failure, the influence of sex on medical treatment in a broader sense, and the potential benefit to be derived from guideline recommended treatment and common adjunctive heart failure medication. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4415415 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4415415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400841&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00258.x SUMMARYThe aims of this article are to review the current understanding of hyperkalemia associated with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy. This includes reviewing the pathophysiology of how these agents affect potassium handling within the kidney, risk factors for developing hyperkalemia, incidence, clinical signs and symptoms, and providing a practical approach to treatment of the patient who is either at risk of, or experiencing, hyperkalemia. ACEi and ARB are effective therapeutic agents used in a variety of clinical scenarios. However, related to their effects on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, their use can be associated with hyperkalemia, particularly in patients who have chronic renal insufficiency. Published... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400841 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4356386&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00224.x (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4356386 Mon, 17 Jan 2011 16:16:41 +0100 4356386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4282114&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00236.x SUMMARYIt was first proposed that cyclic ADP‐ribose (cADPR) could activate ryanodine receptors (RyR) in 1991. Following a subsequent report that cADPR could activate cardiac RyR (RyR2) reconstituted into artificial membranes and stimulate Ca2+‐release from isolated cardiac SR, there has been a steadily mounting stockpile of publications proclaiming the physiological and pathophysiological importance of cADPR in the cardiovascular system. It was only 2 years earlier, in 1989, that cADPR was first identified as the active metabolite of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), responsible for triggering the release of Ca2+ from crude homogenates of sea urchin eggs. Twenty years later, can we boast of being any closer to unraveling the mechanisms by which cADPR modulates intracellular Ca2+... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4282114 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4282114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4272844&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00255.x Conclusion: AVE could improve cardiac function and attenuate ventricular remodeling in MI rat models. It may involve the inhibition of inflammatory factors TGF‐β1/TNF‐α overexpression and the action on the specific receptor Mas of ANG‐(1–7). (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4272844 Sun, 19 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4272844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4272843&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00256.x SUMMARYGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists have been shown to regulate blood glucose concentrations by mechanisms including enhanced insulin synthesis/secretion, suppressed glucagon secretion, slowed gastric emptying, and enhanced satiety. GLP‐1 receptors have also been identified in the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels, leading to the hypothesis that GLP‐1R agonists may affect cardiovascular function or cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this literature review was to assemble and assess preclinical and clinical data of potential medical importance regarding the cardiovascular effects of GLP‐1R agonists. Preclinical studies with the GLP‐1R agonists GLP‐1, exenatide, or liraglutide provided evidence that GLP‐1R stimulation favorably affects endothelia... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4272843 Sun, 19 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4272843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4272842&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00180.x SUMMARYA high salt intake in industrialized countries is an important cardiovascular risk factor. It remains at typically twice the maximum recommended levels of 5–6 g/day, and halving this would have enormous public health benefit in preventing stroke and cardiovascular disease. Salt homeostasis can also be affected pharmacologically by diuretic drugs that target mechanisms within the distal kidney nephron to cause salt wasting. Indeed, thiazide‐type diuretics are among the most widely used agents in the management of hypertension and work by blocking NCCT, the NaCl‐transporter in the distal nephron. The biology of this membrane transporter was not previously well understood until the discovery of the molecular basis of a rare familial form of hypertension called Gordon syndrome (ps... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4272842 Sun, 19 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4272842 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4230850&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00246.x SUMMARYThe role of heredity in influencing blood pressure and risk of hypertension is well recognized. However, progress in identifying specific genetic variation that contributes to heritability is very limited. This is in spite of completion of the human genome sequence, the development of extraordinary amounts of information about genome sequence variation and the investigation of blood pressure inheritance in linkage analysis, candidate gene studies and, most recently genome‐wide association studies. This paper considers the progress of this research and the obstacles that have been encountered. This work has made clear that the genetic architecture of blood pressure regulation in the population is not likely to be shaped by commonly occurring genetic variation in a discrete set of b... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4230850 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4230850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4230849&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00249.x Conclusion: In Korean population, independent clinical predictors of HPPR included diabetes mellitus, increased age, female gender, chronic kidney disease, and hs‐CRP ≥ 2.0 mg/L, while cigarette smoking was associated with better responsiveness. Mean platelet reactivity and HPPR prevalence steadily increased with the number of clinical predictors. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4230849 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4230849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4230848&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00254.x This article reviews the elements of medical malpractice, informed consent, and affirmative defense; and discusses the legal risks associated with the diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular disease. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4230848 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4230848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4208617&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00251.x SUMMARYVascular closure devices (VCDs) were initially developed to improve access site hemostasis and allow for earlier ambulation in patients undergoing diagnostic catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Though initially thought to be beneficial, large meta‐analysis has shown conflicting data regarding whether VCDs alter access site bleeding in a variety of clinical settings. One area of particular interest for the adoption of VCDs has been in the setting of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in which multiple antiplatelet strategies are often employed leading to a high risk of bleeding. Bleeding in ACS has been shown to be a powerful independent predictor of 30‐day mortality. Recently, investigators have reported that VCDs reduce access site bleeding in the setting ... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4208617 Sun, 28 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4208617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4206537&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00244.x SUMMARYThe term “neurocardiology” refers to physiologic and pathophysiological interplays of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. This selective review provides an update about cardiovascular therapeutic implications of neurocardiology, with emphasis on disorders involving primary or secondary abnormalities of catecholamine systems. Concepts of scientific integrative medicine help understand these disorders. Scientific integrative medicine is not a treatment method or discipline but a way of thinking that applies systems concepts to acute and chronic disorders of regulation. Some of these concepts include stability by negative feedback regulation, multiple effectors, effector sharing, instability by positive feedback loops, allostasis, and allostatic load. Scientific integrative med... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4206537 Thu, 25 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4206537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4206536&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00245.x SUMMARYCalpain is an intracellular Ca2+‐activated protease and an important mediator of the actions of calcium. Cleavage by calpain is critical in a variety of calcium‐regulated cellular processes such as muscle contraction, neuronal excitability, secretion, signal transduction, cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Deregulation of calpain caused by a disruption of calcium homeostasis during cardiac pathologies such as atrial fibrillation, heart failure, hypertrophy, or ischemia reperfusion, is critically involved in the myocardial damage. This review will summarize the physiologic and pathophysiologic basis of calpain. Atrial fibrillation is chosen as one example to explain the specific consequences of an increased calpain activity in cardiac musc... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4206536 Thu, 25 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4206536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4206535&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00247.x SUMMARYDespite an extensive literature defining the mechanisms and significance of pathological myocardial remodeling, there has been no comprehensive review of the inverse process, often labeled reverse remodeling. Accordingly, the goal of this review is to overview the varied settings in which clinically significant reverse remodeling has been well documented. When available, we reviewed relevant randomized, controlled clinical trials, and meta‐analyses with sufficient cardiac imaging data to permit conclusions about reverse remodeling. When these types of studies were not available, relevant case‐control studies and case series that employed appropriate methodology were reviewed. Regression of pathological myocardial hypertrophy, chamber shape distortions, and dysfunction occurs in ... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4206535 Thu, 25 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4206535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4201076&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00230.x SUMMARYHypertension is one of the most important risk factor and cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Chronic activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a key role in the development of hypertension, cardiac and renal diseases. RAAS inhibitors, such as angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes. However, studies have shown that residual morbidity and mortality remains high, despite current optimal treatment. More comprehensive control of the RAAS might provide additional reductions in morbidity and mortality. Direct renin inhibitors such aliskiren offer the potential for enhanced RAAS control as they target the system at the point of activation, thereby reducing plasma... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4201076 Thu, 25 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4201076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4201075&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00252.x Conclusion: ACE‐inhibitor therapy targeting tissue located ACE may be beneficial to patients with saphenous vein grafts after CABG surgery. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4201075 Thu, 25 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4201075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4164850&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00248.x SUMMARYCardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in Western countries, accounting for more than 40% of total mortality. An optimal pharmacological management in these patients is of major importance and antiplatelet agents remain the cornerstone of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) therapy at hospital admission and during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The recently described poor biological responses to aspirin and clopidogrel have been source of major concern, especially in era of drug eluting stent implantation. Indeed, insufficient platelet inhibition at the time of PCI has been consistently associated with an increased risk of complications and recurrence of ischemic events. Despite the lack of uniformly accepted definitions of aspirin and clo... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4164850 Mon, 15 Nov 2010 06:08:21 +0100 4164850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4155930&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00239.x This article provides an overview of the various thrombolytic agents utilized in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4155930 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 02:37:43 +0100 4155930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4155932&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00241.x SUMMARYNociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is the endogenous ligand for the N/OFQ receptor. N/OFQ acts directly on blood vessels to elicit vasodilation. This review will describe the peripheral cardiovascular effects of N/OFQ observed in studies conducted in vitro and in vivo, along with those designed to characterize systemic cardiovascular effects resulting from direct injection into brain tissue. Emphasis is placed on the cerebrovascular action of N/OFQ and its function considered in the setting of central nervous system (CNS) pathology. Although N/OFQ is unlikely to cross the blood–brain barrier because of its size, use of N/OFQ antagonists to alleviate the potentially deleterious action of centrally released N/OFQ may be of therapeutic importance in treatment of cerebral ischemia of dive... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4155932 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4155932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4155931&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00238.x SUMMARYCardiac arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation are important causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although they usually occur in the setting of structural heart disease, these arrhythmias can be the primary manifestation of subclinical cardiovascular disease and have deleterious consequences including stroke, heart failure, and death. Investigational efforts have focused on developing risk stratification algorithms and diagnostic methods to identify patients who are most likely to sustain cardiac arrhythmias and benefit from early pharmacologic and interventional therapies. This review highlights important clinical and translational studies that identify potential biological markers to predict the onset of cardia... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4155931 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4155931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4127107&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00234.x (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4127107 Wed, 03 Nov 2010 18:55:08 +0100 4127107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4109889&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00243.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4109889 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4109889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4109888&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00240.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4109888 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4109888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4082916&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00242.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4082916 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4082916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4078318&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00217.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4078318 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4078318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4078317&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00237.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4078317 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4078317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4078316&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00214.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4078316 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4078316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4068372&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00226.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4068372 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4068372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4068365&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00220.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4068365 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4068365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3995194&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00228.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3995194 Fri, 24 Sep 2010 05:13:02 +0100 3995194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3970255&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00225.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3970255 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 05:26:44 +0100 3970255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3930103&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00208.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3930103 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 05:27:15 +0100 3930103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3930102&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00186.x The development and use of stents has made percutaneous coronary intervention an effective (less restenosis), safe (treatment of emergency vessel closure during balloon angioplasty), and applicable (stents were developed for lesions of tortuous anatomy and complex situations) revascularization method. These features have firmly established stenting as first‐line therapy in coronary revascularization. This life‐saving device carries, however, the risk of a life‐threatening complication—stent thrombosis. The article summarizes the facts about the incidence, histopathology, and risk factors of bare‐metal as well as drug‐eluting stent thrombosis. Future directions in reducing the incidence of stent thrombosis are also outlined. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3930102 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 05:27:14 +0100 3930102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3930101&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00171.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3930101 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 05:27:14 +0100 3930101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3930100&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00158.x The last decade has seen major advances in the pharmacotherapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). One of these advances has been the discovery of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs). ERAs are a class of potent vasodilators and antimitotic substances, which could specifically dilate and remodel pulmonary arterial system, and have been proposed as an alternative to traditional therapies for PAH. Current available evidence suggests that ERAs improve exercise capacity, functional status, pulmonary hemodynamics, and delay the time to clinical worsening for patients with PAH. This review attempts to provide an overview of the pharmacology, therapeutic benefits, and safety profile of ERAs in patients with PAH. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3930100 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 05:27:13 +0100 3930100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3930099&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2009.00119.x Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with enhanced atherosclerosis and impaired endothelial function early after the onset of the disease and cardiovascular (CV) disease represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. It is well known that disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are able to improve the course of the disease and the quality of life of these patients, but little is known about the effects of DMARDs on CV risk and endothelial dysfunction. Our goal was to examine the effects of long‐term therapy with DMARDs on endothelial function and disease activity in early RA (ERA). Twenty‐five ERA patients (mean age 52 ± 14.6 years, disease duration 6.24 ± 4.10 months) without evidence of CV involvement were evaluated for disease activity score (DAS‐28),... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3930099 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 05:27:12 +0100 3930099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3930098&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00162.x Cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation indications have greatly increased over the past decade, with use of pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators now growing more common even in athletes. Management of CIEDs in this subgroup is of greater complexity due to augmented physical stressors, a longer exposure time to system components in a younger population, and less common, highly clinically variable underlying cardiac pathologies. We will review management issues specific to CIED therapy, sudden cardiac death, and consensus recommendations for physical activity. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3930098 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 05:27:12 +0100 3930098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3930097&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00139.x Surgical or modified Maze procedures have been promoted to treat atrial fibrillation (AF); however, few randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) examine their outcomes. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to compare the efficacy of surgical Maze procedures performed concomitantly with referral cardiac surgery versus pharmacologic therapy for the treatment of AF. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane database, FDA web‐portal, and clinicaltrials.gov for all RCTs comparing surgical Maze procedures with medical therapy for sinus rhythm maintenance. Primary outcomes were either freedom from AF within 12 months postprocedure off antiarrhythmic drug (AAD), or freedom from AF while taking an AAD. Secondary outcomes included operative mortality, all‐cause mortality, hospital length of stay, and ... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3930097 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 05:27:11 +0100 3930097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3930096&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00135.x Atrial fibrillation causes a significant burden on patients and the health care system. The main goals of atrial fibrillation therapy are to improve symptoms and reduce morbidity. There have been significant recent developments in both stoke prophylaxis and rhythm/rate control. The results of the ACTIVE W study emphasize the importance of effective oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with moderate‐to‐high risk for stroke. The RE‐LY study showed superiority of dabigatran, an oral direct thrombin inhibitor, over warfarin in the prevention of stroke, or systemic embolism. Dronedarone, a new antiarrhythmic drug with multiple class effects, has been recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Dronedarone has moderate rhythm and rat... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3930096 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 05:27:11 +0100 3930096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3930095&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00216.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3930095 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 05:27:10 +0100 3930095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3930094&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00210.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3930094 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 05:27:10 +0100 3930094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3930093&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00209.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3930093 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 05:27:09 +0100 3930093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3930092&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00199.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3930092 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 05:27:09 +0100 3930092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3930091&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00147.x Patients with structural heart disease and ventricular tachycardia (VT) can be difficult to manage clinically. Many treatment options are available, but no single approach can be applied to every patient. This review aims to discuss the current options available for the management of this population. VT can be associated with cardiomyopathy of any etiology, both ischemic and nonischemic. Antiarhythmic drugs have not been shown to decrease mortality in this patient population, but they can help reduce episodes. While the advent of the implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator has revolutionized the treatment of VT, patients with recurrent shocks for VT have high morbidity and mortality. The development of catheter ablation over the past few decades has greatly aided the ability to control VT... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3930091 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 05:27:08 +0100 3930091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4068371&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00223.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4068371 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4068371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4068370&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00227.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4068370 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4068370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4068369&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00231.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4068369 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4068369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4068368&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00191.x Although significant advances have been made in terms of pharmacological, catheter‐based, and surgical palliation, heart failure remains a fatal disease. As a curative concept, regenerative medicine aims at the restoration of the physiologic cellular composition of diseased organs. So far, clinical cardiac regeneration attempts have only been moderately successful, but a better understanding of myocardial cell homeostasis and somatic as well as embryonic stem cell biology has opened the door for the development of more potent therapeutic cardiac regeneration strategies. Accumulating evidence indicates that the postnatal mammalian heart retains a pool of tissue‐specific progenitor cells and is also repopulated by cells from extracardiac sources. However, this intrinsic myocardial regene... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4068368 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4068368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4068367&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00233.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4068367 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4068367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4068366&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00235.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4068366 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4068366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3995195&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00232.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3995195 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3995195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3970257&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00221.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3970257 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3970257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3970256&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00222.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3970256 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3970256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3869795&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00216.x (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3869795 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3869795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3869794&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00219.x (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3869794 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3869794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3869793&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00218.x (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3869793 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3869793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3835198&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00212.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3835198 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3835198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3835197&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00200.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3835197 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3835197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3835196&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00211.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3835196 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3835196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3835195&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00138.x (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3835195 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3835195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3835194&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00215.x (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3835194 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3835194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3835193&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00193.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3835193 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3835193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3835192&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00179.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3835192 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3835192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3835191&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00189.x SUMMARY (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3835191 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3835191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3835190&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00204.x (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3835190 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3835190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3765227&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00213.x Conclusions: This study confirmed and extended previous studies. It suggested that oral sildenafil was safe and effective for the treatment of adult patients with CHD-related PAH. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3765227 Mon, 19 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3765227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3751584&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00210.x Cardiac voltage-gated sodium channels are transmembrane proteins located in the cell membrane of cardiomyocytes. Influx of sodium ions through these ion channels is responsible for the initial fast upstroke of the cardiac action potential. This inward sodium current thus triggers the initiation and propagation of action potentials throughout the myocardium and consequently plays a central role in excitability of myocardial cells and proper conduction of the electrical impulse within the heart. The importance of sodium channels for normal cardiac electrical activity is emphasized by the occurrence of potentially lethal arrhythmias in the setting of inherited and acquired sodium channel disease. During common pathological conditions such as myocardial ischemia and heart failure, altered sodi... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3751584 Wed, 14 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3751584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3751588&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00190.x Ischemic heart disease is the world's leading cause of death, and while clinical advances have meant improved and more rapid revascularization, there remains a significant element of myocardial death that thus far has not been successfully targeted in clinical practice, namely lethal reperfusion injury. Ischemia-reperfusion injury has been the subject of intense research over the last 40 years and our appreciation of the mechanisms of cellular death and salvage have increased immensely over this time, to the extent that a number of clearly identifiable therapeutic targets can now be subjected to clinical trials, as the basic science translates into potentially effective therapies in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of current ... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3751588 Tue, 13 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3751588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3751587&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00201.x As delineated in this review, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) contributes to an atherogenic lipoprotein profile by redistributing cholesteryl esters from high density lipoprotein (HDL) toward apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, especially when the concentration of acceptor triglyceride-rich lipoproteins is elevated. However, this lipid transfer protein may have antiatherogenic proprerties as well. Experimental evidence is accumulating which suggests that the atheroprotective reverse cholesterol transport pathway, whereby cholesterol is removed from peripheral macrophages to the liver for metabolism and biliary excretion, is stimulated by CETP in vivo. CETP could also play a role in host defense against infection and inflammatory processes. Moreover, recently published obser... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3751587 Tue, 13 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3751587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3751586&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00209.x Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly occurring arrhythmia, and is a condition of both significant clinical and economic importance. An antithrombotic agent is considered mandatory as part of the management in most patients with AF. It has been conclusively demonstrated that long-term anticoagulation therapy can significantly reduce the risk of stroke in patients with nonvalvular AF. While vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin are highly effective, they possess numerous limitations that curtail their use, or make their use challenging for clinicians and patients. A new generation of anticoagulants are being investigated in phase III clinical trials in patients with AF. One or more of these agents have the potential to either replace or act as alternatives to VKA therapy in ... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3751586 Tue, 13 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3751586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3751585&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00207.x Following a myocardial infarction (MI), the homeostatic balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is disrupted as part of the left ventricle (LV) response to injury. The full complement of responses to MI has been termed LV remodeling and includes changes in LV size, shape and function. The following events encompass the LV response to MI: (1) inflammation and LV wall thinning and dilation, (2) infarct expansion and necrotic myocyte resorption, (3) accumulation of fibroblasts and scar formation, and (4) endothelial cell activation and neovascularization. In this review, we will summarize MMP and TIMP roles during these events, focusing on the spatiotemporal localization and MMP and TIMP effects on cellular and tissue-level response... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3751585 Tue, 13 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3751585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3744612&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00168.x Conclusions: This study shows that in patients undergoing coronary stenting CD40L is upregulated with a mechanism which is likely mediated by oxidative stress. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3744612 Mon, 12 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3744612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3741612&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00199.x This article will discuss several different modalities of nonpharmacological AF management including catheter ablation, AF surgery and device-based therapy. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3741612 Sat, 10 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3741612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3738496&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00206.x Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerotic disease and its thrombotic complications are one main cause of hospitalization and mortality in the world. The family of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases by regulating essential cellular functions, such as cell migration, translational responses, and cell survival, and thereby, modulating several essential biologic processes, such as metabolism, vascular homeostasis and thrombogenicity. PI3Ks can be divided into three classes, of which the class I-group is the best characterized. This group consists of four isoforms, named PI3K[alpha], [beta], [delta], and [gamma]. Each isoform has distinct functions under normal as well as pathophysiologic conditions. The development ... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3738496 Fri, 09 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3738496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3741613&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00197.x Anticoagulation therapy plays an important role in the management of cardiovascular disease. Currently, oral anticoagulation therapy is reliant on vitamin K antagonists (VKA). In clinical practice, VKA present several limitations including a narrow therapeutic window and frequent drug and food interactions. Despite the clear clinical need for alternative anticoagulants it is only within the last decade that significant progress has been made. These new anticoagulants target specific factors in the hemostatic network and appear to overcome some of the difficulties seen with VKA. Many have now progressed to phase III clinical trials including patients with cardiovascular disease. This review aims to highlight the exciting progress that has been made in the development of these new anticoagul... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3741613 Thu, 08 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3741613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3738499&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00198.x Prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic diseases is one of the main targets in medicine. Side effects and the necessity of dose adjustment limit the administration of coumarins and unfractionated heparin. Coumarins are therefore underused specially in the elderly population. Low-molecular-weight heparins, heparinoids, and direct thrombin inhibitors have overcome some of the limitations but they all have to be administered systemically. Synthetic systemically indirect and orally to apply direct factor Xa inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors are under development. They all aim to improve the underuse and the benefit/risk ratio for anticoagulant therapy. This overview describes the results of the recent studies of these inhibitors of blood coagulation. The future of the new anticoagu... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3738499 Wed, 07 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3738499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3738498&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00203.x Conclusions: In conclusion, data show that the marked antiarrhythmic effect of R in the setting of acute ischemia/reperfusion occurs at low doses consistent with inhibition of late INa. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3738498 Wed, 07 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3738498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3738497&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00205.x Superoxide anion generated by NAD(P)H-oxidase has an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and scavenging superoxide anion can be considered as a reasonable therapeutic strategy. In hypertensive heart diseases there is a mutual reinforcement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and angiotensin II (ANG II). ANG II increases the NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide anion production and the intracellular generation of ROS in cardiac fibroblasts and apocynin, a membrane NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, abrogates this rise. ANG II also stimulates the collagen production, the collagen I and III content and mRNA expression in cardiac fibroblasts and apocynin abolishes this induction. In this review we demonstrate that scavenging superoxide anion by tempol or EUK-8 or administration of PEG-s... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3738497 Wed, 07 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3738497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3731125&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00171.x Conclusions: Despite some controversial and unclear issues, PAI-1 represents an extremely promising marker that may become a biological parameter to be progressively considered in the prognostic evaluation, in the disease monitoring, and as treatment target of age-related conditions in the future. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3731125 Wed, 07 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3731125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3731129&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00174.x Conclusion: Among the many challenges facing clinicians treating patients with noncompaction of ventricular myocardium are the detection of early disease, the identification of the predominant mechanism of left ventricular dysfunction, and the development of treatments that target the initiating mechanism of disease. Nevertheless, there have been major advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of noncompaction of ventricular myocardium, and recent advances in the drug therapy and nondrug therapy of noncompaction of ventricular myocardium have substantially improved the outlook for many patients. The rapid pace of current research and the development of new treatments for the management of both early and late disease augur well for the future. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3731129 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3731129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3731128&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00175.x Conclusion: The indirect methods of aerobic exercise prescription seem to be very frail and they do not seem to be reliable in heart transplant recipients. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3731128 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3731128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3731127&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00177.x Conclusion: The present study demonstrated for the first time that serum AGE levels were one of the independent correlates of HOMA-IR index, thus suggesting that AGEs may play some pathological role in insulin resistance in humans. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3731127 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3731127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3731126&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00181.x Conclusions: Switching to EZE/SIMVA 10/20 mg versus ROSUVA 10 mg provided superior lipid reductions in patients with/without T2DM. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3731126 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3731126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3835172&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00171.x (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3835172 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3835172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3835171&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00181.x (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3835171 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3835171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3835170&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00197.x (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3835170 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3835170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3692457&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2009.00107.x Warfarin is widely used anticoagulant drug for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous and arterial thromboembolic disorders and exerts its anticoagulant effect by inhibiting the vitamin K epoxide reductase. To determine the impact of genetic variants of the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 gene (VKORC1) on the anticoagulant response to warfarin, polymorphisms in exon 1, exon 3, and 3'-untranslated region (3' UTR) were assessed. Results: Sixty patients (34 males and 26 females) with stable INR (2[ndash]3) were selected from cardiology and anticoagulant clinic. Three VKORC1 frameshift mutations were detected. The first frameshift mutation was nucleotide deletion (91delCC) in exon 3 (1 patient). The second variation was nucleotide addition (51addCT) in exon 3 (2 patients). All t... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3692457 Thu, 24 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3692457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3677804&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2009.00095.x Acute pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which may complicate the course of many complex disorders, is always underdiagnosed and its treatment frequently begins only after serious complications have developed. Acute PAH is distinctive because they differ in their clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and response to treatment from chronic PAH. The acute PAH may take either the form of acute onset of chronic PAH or acute PAH or surgery-related PAH. Significant pathophysiologic differences existed between acute and chronic PAH. Therapy of acute PAH should generally be aimed at acutely relieving right ventricular (RV) pressure overload and preventing RV dysfunction. There are three classes of drugs targeting the correction of abnormalities in endothelial dysfunction, which have been... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3677804 Fri, 18 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3677804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3660157&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00182.x Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly health disease all around the world with a high burden of mortality and cardiovascular (CV) morbidity rate. Even when renal replacement therapy is reached, more than half patients die, mainly for CV causes due either to uremia-related cardiovascular risk factors (such as anemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, mineral bone disease[ndash]CKD with hyperparathyroidism, oxidative stress, hypoalbuminemia, chronic inflammation, prothrombotic factors) or to traditional ones (age, male gender, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, smoking, insulin levels, family history, dyslipidemia). Among the latter causes dyslipidemia represents one of the major, potentially correctable risk factor. Methods and Results: Statins have demonstrated to effectively and s... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3660157 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3660157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3660164&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00163.x Conclusion: Taxol may effectively improve cardiac functional recovery during reperfusion via inhibiting mPTP opening, ameliorating abnormal calcium homeostasis, and reducing the substrates associated with arrhythmias. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3660164 Sun, 13 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3660164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3660163&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00194.x Atherosclerosis disease and its extent in childhood correlate positively with established risk factors, namely obesity, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The safety and efficacy of some dietary interventions to modulate risk factors in childhood are documented by an increasing body of evidence. The present review analyzes nutritional and nutraceutical current strategies addressed to modify some risk factors of atherosclerosis in childhood. In particular, studies concerning nutrients such as fibers, omega-3-fatty acids, vitamin D, antioxidants, and calcium have been evaluated. An overall analysis suggests that some nutraceuticals might represent an attractive tool to lower the development of atherosclerotic-related cardiovascular complication in children. Neverthele... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3660163 Sun, 13 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3660163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3660162&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00165.x An "unhealthy" diet is considered as a main cause of increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the industrialized countries. There is a substantial interest in the potential cardiovascular protective effects of "nutraceuticals," that is food-derived substances that exert beneficial health effects. The correct understanding of cardiovascular effects of these compounds will have important implications for cardiovascular prevention strategies. Endothelial dysfunction is thought to play an important role in development and progression of atherosclerosis, and the characterization of the endothelial effects of several nutraceuticals may provide important insights into their potential role in cardiovascular prevention. At the same time, the analysis of the endothelial effects of nutrace... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3660162 Sun, 13 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3660162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3660161&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00159.x Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately 1% of the population. Patients have reduced life expectancy and the leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD), with patients experiencing at least a 2-fold increased risk of myocardial infarction. RA is recognized as an independent risk factor for CVD. Inflammation is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. As a common catalyst of both diseases, inflammation is the likely cause of increased prevalence of CVD in the RA population. Abating disease-related inflammation in RA may be an effective strategy in reducing CVD risk. Several other therapies used to modify cardiovascular risk factors in the general population such as statins and angiotensin-converting enzy... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3660161 Sun, 13 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3660161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3660160&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00160.x The Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have been the standard treatment of thromboembolic diseases for more than 50 years. They have been proved effective and safe under optimal settings; however, the long-term application of VKAs has been considered problematic and challenging for both patients and physicians due to their narrow therapeutic window, the frequent drug to drug interactions and the need for regular monitoring. Novel anticoagulants that selectively block specific pathways of the coagulation cascade have demonstrated efficacy and safety without the need of intensive monitoring. Several novel anticoagulants are already licensed for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease while others are in advanced stages of clinical development. This review summarizes data derived fro... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3660160 Sun, 13 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3660160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3660159&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00161.x Thrombus formation in a disrupted endothelium is influenced not only by the platelet redox state and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species but also by the presence of endogenous or exogenous antioxidants. Thrombus formation in the stenotic arteries is triggered predominantly by attenuated shear stress. Superoxide and nitric oxide production, as well as their metabolism, potentially influence platelet activation and thrombosis. Antioxidant supplementation has not been generally associated with better cardiovascular outcome and is often compounded by bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke. Because of recent developments like the human genome project and personalized medicine, an emerging new area of nutrigenomics and nutraceuticals offers a scientific approach of diet-based therapeutics applicable t... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3660159 Sun, 13 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3660159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3660158&cid=s_38719_7_f&fid=38719&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1755-5922.2010.00172.x Identification of patients at risk of future coronary artery disease (CAD) events traditionally relies on scoring tools that take demographic and clinical characteristics into account (e.g., the Framingham risk score in the United States and the Heart Score in Europe). Although these scoring tools have been shown to have a good predictive value, they may still fail to recognize a proportion of patients with coronary atherosclerosis at risk for future CAD events. In order to improve risk stratification, direct visualization of subclinical atherosclerosis has been advocated. Electron-beam computed tomography and multislice computed tomography provide a direct estimation of coronary calcium, a marker of coronary atherosclerosis. A large amount of data is available supporting the clinical valu... Cardiovascular Therapeutics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3660158 Sun, 13 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3660158