MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Cell Research' source. Tue, 07 Feb 2012 08:48:54 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659212&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22292950%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, all-atom MD simulations in explicit solvent and NMR relaxation studies were performed on HIV-1 Protease (PR) in 9 M acetic acid (AcOH) (the commonly used denaturant during PR preparation). Following previous reports that denaturation proceeds via dissociation of the dimer into monomers, unfolding of the monomer by acetic acid has been explicitly investigated here. Direct visualization of the denaturation process and evidence for the mechanism of denaturation have been presented. Our simulations reveal that the denaturation of the PR monomer is caused due to direct interaction between acetic acid molecules and PR. Autocorrelation of N-H vectors calculated from the simulations have revealed that the α-helix and the surrounding β-strands represent the sensitive regions of the... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659212 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 11:13:31 +0100 5659212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659211&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22297416%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sakurai A, Doçi C, Gutkind JS PMID: 22297416 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659211 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659210&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22298338%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sánchez-Ramos C, Guerrera MC, Bonnin-Arias C, Calavia MG, Laurà R, Germanà A, Vega JA Abstract The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are involved in sensing mechanical/physical stimuli such as temperature, light, pressure, as well as chemical stimuli. Some TRP channels are present in the vertebrate retina, and the occurrence of the multifunctional channel TRP vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) has been reported in adult zebrafish. Here, we investigate the expression and distribution of TRPV4 in the retina of zebrafish during development using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry from 3 days post fertilization (dpf) until 100 dpf. TRPV4 was detected at the mRNA and protein levels in the eye of zebrafish at all ages sampled. Immunohistochemis... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659210 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659209&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22298593%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Engelmann D, Pützer BM Abstract E2F1 plays a critical role in cell-cycle progression and the induction of apoptosis in response to DNA damage. The latest evidence has uncovered that this tumor suppressor is most relevant for cancer progression and chemoresistance. Increased abundance of E2F1 triggers invasion and metastasis by activating growth receptor signaling pathways, which in turn promote an antiapoptotic tumor environment. The data shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying E2F1-induced prometastatic activity and predict its radical switch from a mediator of cell death toward an accelerator of tumor progression. This raises the perspective of new drug targets at late-stage cancer. Cancer Res; 72(3); 571-5. ©2012 AACR. PMID: 22298593 [PubMed - in process... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659209 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659208&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22298594%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li Y, Laterra J Abstract The origins of tumor-propagating neoplastic stem-like cells [cancer stem cells (CSC)] and their relationship to the bulk population of tumor cells that lack stem-like tumor-propagating features (i.e., transit-amplifying cancer progenitor cells) remain unclear. Recent findings from multiple laboratories show that cancer progenitor cells have the capacity to dedifferentiate and acquire a stem-like phenotype in response to either genetic manipulation or environmental cues. These findings suggest that CSCs and relatively differentiated progenitors coexist in dynamic equilibrium and are subject to bidirectional conversion. In this review, we discuss emerging concepts regarding the stem-like phenotype, its acquisition by cancer progenitor cells, and the ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659208 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659207&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22298595%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we show how Ras activation causes aberrant nuclear localization of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK; MEK) MEK1/2 to drive neoplastic transformation. Phosphorylated MEK1/2 was aberrantly located within the nucleus of primary colorectal tumors and human colon cancer cells, and oncogenic activation of Ras was sufficient to induce nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 in intestinal epithelial cells. Enforced nuclear localization of MEK1 in epithelial cells or fibroblasts was sufficient for hyperactivation of ERK1/2, thereby driving cell proliferation, chromosomal polyploidy, and tumorigenesis. Notably, Ras-induced nuclear accumulation of activated MEK1/2 was reliant on downregulation of the spatial regul... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659207 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659206&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22298596%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nagahashi M, Ramachandran S, Kim EY, Allegood JC, Rashid OM, Yamada A, Zhao R, Milstien S, Zhou H, Spiegel S, Takabe K Abstract Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic bioactive lipid mediator that promotes breast cancer progression by diverse mechanisms that remain somewhat unclear. Here we report pharmacologic evidence of a critical role for sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) in producing S1P and mediating tumor-induced hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in a murine model of breast cancer metastasis. S1P levels increased both in the tumor and the circulation. In agreement, serum S1P levels were significantly elevated in stage IIIA human breast cancer patients, compared with age/ethnicity-matched healthy volunteers. However, treatment with the specific SphK1 inhibitor... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659206 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659205&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22298896%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Blasberg R, Piwnica-Worms D Abstract At a Clinical and Translational Cancer Research Think Tank meeting sponsored by the American Association for Cancer Research in 2010, one of the breakout groups focused on new technologies and imaging. The discussions emphasized new opportunities in translational imaging and its role in the future, rather than established techniques that are currently in clinical practice. New imaging methods under development are changing the approach of imaging science from a focus on the anatomic description of disease to a focus on the molecular basis of disease. Broadly referred to as molecular imaging, these new strategies directly embrace the incorporation of cell and molecular biology concepts and techniques into image generation and can involve... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659205 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623513&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240549%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hansen E, Landstad BJ, Gundersen KT, Torjesen PA, Svebak S Abstract Hansen, E, Landstad, BJ, Gundersen, KT, Torjesen, PA, and Svebak, S. Insulin sensitivity after maximal and endurance resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 26(2): 327-334, 2012-The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of maximal resistance training (MRT) vs. endurance resistance training (ERT) on improvements in insulin levels and glucose tolerance in overweight individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Eighteen participants with baseline values suggesting impaired glucose tolerance were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Group 1 engaged in supervised MRT (Bernstein inverted pyramid system: 5 × 3-4, 60-85% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]), 3 d·wk over 4 months, whereas members of group ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623513 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 13:38:04 +0100 5623513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623508&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22264322%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion -  Hypoxia triggers the differentiation of PBMNC into functional OC in the presence of OB in a HIF-dependent manner as would occur during orthodontic loading of the periodontal ligament space. PMID: 22264322 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623508 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 13:36:44 +0100 5623508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623507&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22264324%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions -  The younger the child is at HSCT, the greater the impairment in dental and vertical facial development. This supports the suggestion that the reduction in lower facial height found in SCT children mainly is a result of impaired dental development and that young age is a risk factor for more severe disturbances. PMID: 22264324 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623507 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 13:36:34 +0100 5623507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623506&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22264326%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion -  These results suggest that PDGF functions as a positive regulator in the final differentiation phase of tongue muscle cells in mouse embryos. PMID: 22264326 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623506 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 13:36:24 +0100 5623506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623505&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265217%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Krappmann K, Weikard R, Kühn C Abstract Somatic cells isolated from milk offer an attractive non-invasive replacement of invasive udder biopsies for monitoring bovine mammary gland metabolism. However, for metabolic gene expression studies the mammary gland epithelial cells (MEC) isolated from milk have to be purified from the non-epithelial leukocyte fraction in milk samples. In our study, enrichment of MEC by using anti-cytokeratin peptide 18 (KRT18) antibody coated magnetic beads was evaluated. MEC showed a substantially increased expression of the epithelial-cell-specific KRT18 gene compared to udder tissue. The expression levels of genes specific for mammary gland epithelial cells (CSN3 and LALBA) showed a significant positive correlation in MEC and also in udder tis... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623505 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5623505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623509&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22260535%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alberts R, Lu L, Williams RW, Schughart K Abstract ABSTRACT: After publication of our article Respiratory Research 2011, 12:61, we became aware of a typographical error in the Methods section, which concerned the statement about the p-value of an LRS of 18 or higher in our QTL analysis. Below is the first part of the corresponding chapter with the corrected p-value (marked in bold). We apologize for any inconvenience. QTL Mapping and expression analyses All probe sets were mapped using standard interval mapping methods at 1 cM intervals (~2 Mb) along all autosomes and the X chromosome. This procedure generates estimates of linkage be-tween variation in transcript expression levels and chromosomal location. The entire set of val-ues can be used to construct a set of QTL map... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623509 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5623509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623511&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22252258%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The first set of genotypes may be used as novel predictive biomarkers to identify patients with stage I NSCLC, who could benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, and the second set of SNPs might predict response to adjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 18(2); 585-92. ©2012 AACR. PMID: 22252258 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623511 Sun, 15 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5623511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623510&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22253282%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen F Abstract Overwhelming) are a set of key stress-responsive kinases that mediate cell apoptosis, which is an important process for tumor suppression. However, JNKs have also been implicated in the malignant transformation and tumorigenesis of cells. This review attempts to reconcile these 2 contradictory functions of JNKs with recent discoveries on the role of JNKs in compensatory growth of neighboring cells and stem cells, which may provide new mechanistic understanding about the role of JNKs in the regulation of cancer stem cells and the pathogenesis of cancers. Cancer Res; 72(2); 379-86. ©2012 AACR. PMID: 22253282 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623510 Sun, 15 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5623510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623512&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22246998%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gruber HE, Riley FE, Hoelscher GL, Bayoumi EM, Ingram JA, Ramp WK, Bosse MJ, Kellam JF Abstract A layer of cells (the "biomembrane") has been identified in large segmental defects between bone and surgically placed methacrylate spacers or antibiotic-impregnated cement beads. We hypothesize that this contains a pluripotent stem cell population with potential valuable applications in orthopedic tissue engineering. Objectives using biomembranes harvested from rat segmental defects were to: (1) Culture biomembrane cells in specialized media to direct progenitor cells along bone or cartilage cell differentiation lineages; (2) evaluate harvested biomembranes for mesenchymal stem cell markers, and (3) define relevant gene expression patterns in harvested biomembranes using microa... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623512 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5623512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578648&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22231628%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen Y, Cao F, Wan B, Dou Y, Lei M PMID: 22231628 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578648 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578647&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22231629%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dou Y, Wu HJ, Li HQ, Qin S, Wang YE, Li J, Lou HF, Chen Z, Li XM, Luo QM, Duan S Abstract Microglia are highly motile cells that act as the main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system. Attracted by factors released from damaged cells, microglia are recruited towards the damaged or infected site, where they are involved in degenerative and regenerative responses and phagocytotic clearance of cell debris. ATP release from damaged neural tissues has been suggested to mediate the rapid extension of microglial process towards the site of injury. However, the mechanisms of the long-range migration of microglia remain to be clarified. Here, we found that lysosomes in microglia contain abundant ATP and exhibit Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis in response to various... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578647 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578646&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22231630%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Achilleos A, Trainor PA Abstract Neural crest (NC) cells are a migratory cell population synonymous with vertebrate evolution. They generate a wide variety of cell and tissue types during embryonic and adult development including cartilage and bone, connective tissue, pigment and endocrine cells as well as neurons and glia amongst many others. Such incredible lineage potential combined with a limited capacity for self-renewal, which persists even into adult life, demonstrates that NC cells bear the key hallmarks of stem and progenitor cells. In this review, we describe the identification, characterization and isolation of NC stem and progenitor cells from different tissues in both embryo and adult organisms. We discuss their specific properties and their potential applicat... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578646 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578649&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22229755%26dopt%3DAbstract Epigenetic Manifestation of Metabolic Syndrome and Dietary Management. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2012 Jan 9; Authors: Chaudhary N, Nakka KK, Maulik N, Chattopadhyay S Abstract Significance: Metabolic syndrome constitutes a group of disorders like insulin resistance, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia, predisposing an individual to risk factors like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. Majority of these diseases are influenced by the environmental factors, nutrient uptake and genetic profile of an individual that together dysregulate gene function. These genetic and non-genetic factors are reported to introduce epigenetic cues that modulate gene function which is inherited to the offspring. Recent advances: Considering the epigenetic modulation of the... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578649 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578651&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22228593%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the current study was to determine if transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from a healthy, young donor mouse into an osteopenic recipient mouse could enhance osseointegration of a femoral implant. MSC harvested from normal young adult mice differentiated into bone forming osteoblasts when cultured on implant grade titanium surfaces ex vivo and promoted bone formation around titanium-coated rods implanted in the femoral canal of osteopenic recipient mice. Micro computed tomographic imaging and histological analyses showed more, better quality, bone in the femur that received the MSC transplant compared with the contra-lateral control femur that received carrier alone. These results provide pre-clinical evidence that MSC transplantation promotes peri-implant bo... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578651 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578650&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22228598%26dopt%3DAbstract This study has shown that patient characteristics do effect cell proliferation rate and cell surface characterization, but as seeding density has a significant relationship with proliferation rate, it can be altered, possibly along with other cell culturing strategies, to compensate for the effects of patient factors on MSCs. We have also shown that gender affects cell proliferation and cell surface characterization, something most previous studies may have failed to identify as they group male and female patients together. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res. PMID: 22228598 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578650 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578652&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218562%26dopt%3DAbstract Resveratrol induces apoptosis via ROS-triggered autophagy in human colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 2012 Jan 3; Authors: Miki H, Uehara N, Kimura A, Sasaki T, Yuri T, Yoshizawa K, Tsubura A Abstract Resveratrol (Res; 3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), which is a polyphenol found in grapes, can block cell proliferation and induce growth arrest and/or cell death in several types of cancer cells. However, the precise mechanisms by which Res exerts anticancer effects remain poorly understood. Res blocked both anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of HT-29 and COLO 201 human colon cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Annexin V staining and Western blot analysis revealed that Res induced apoptosis accompanied by an inc... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578652 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5560995&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22212477%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Allsopp R PMID: 22212477 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5560995 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5560995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5560994&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22212478%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Anastasiou D, Cantley LC PMID: 22212478 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5560994 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5560994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5560986&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22212479%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bueno C, Montes R, Melen GJ, Ramos-Mejia V, Real PJ, Ayllón V, Sanchez L, Ligero G, Gutierrez-Aranda I, Fernández AF, Fraga MF, Moreno-Gimeno I, Burks D, Del Carmen Plaza-Calonge M, Rodríguez-Manzaneque JC, Menendez P Abstract The MLL-AF4 fusion gene is a hallmark genomic aberration in high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in infants. Although it is well established that MLL-AF4 arises prenatally during human development, its effects on hematopoietic development in utero remain unexplored. We have created a human-specific cellular system to study early hemato-endothelial development in MLL-AF4-expressing human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Functional studies, clonal analysis and gene expression profiling reveal that expression of MLL-AF4 in hESCs has a phenotypic, func... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5560986 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5560986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5560980&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22212480%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu J, Sun X, Jing Y, Wang M, Liu K, Jian Y, Yang M, Cheng Z, Yang C Abstract During meiotic cell division, proper chromosome synapsis and accurate repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are required to maintain genomic integrity, loss of which leads to apoptosis or meiotic defects. The mechanisms underlying meiotic chromosome synapsis, DSB repair and apoptosis are not fully understood. Here, we report that the chromodomain-containing protein MRG-1 is an important factor for genomic integrity in meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Loss of mrg-1 function resulted in a significant increase in germ cell apoptosis that was partially inhibited by mutations affecting DNA damage checkpoint genes. Consistently, mrg-1 mutant germ lines exhibited SPO-11-generated DSBs and elevated ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5560980 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5560980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5560979&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22212481%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li H, Ye C, Ji G, Han J Abstract Historically, sharing T cell receptors (TCRs) between individuals has been speculated to be impossible, considering the dramatic discrepancy between the potential enormity of the TCR repertoire and the limited number of T cells generated in each individual. However, public T cell response, in which multiple individuals share identical TCRs in responding to a same antigenic epitope, has been extensively observed in a variety of immune responses across many species. Public T cell responses enable individuals within a population to generate similar antigen-specific TCRs against certain ubiquitous pathogens, leading to favorable biological outcomes. However, the relatively concentrated feature of TCR repertoire may limit T cell response in a po... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5560979 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5560979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5560972&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22212482%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li R, Yang YG, Gao Y, Wang ZQ, Tong WM Abstract Microcephaly is a clinical characteristic for human nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS, mutated in NBS1 gene), a chromosomal instability syndrome. However, the underlying molecular pathogenesis remains elusive. In the present study, we demonstrate that neuronal disruption of NBS (Nbn in mice) causes microcephaly characterized by the reduction of cerebral cortex and corpus callosum, recapitulating neuronal anomalies in human NBS. Nbs1-deficient neocortex shows accumulative endogenous DNA damage and defective activation of Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)-Chk1 pathway upon DNA damage. Notably, in contrast to massive apoptotic cell death in Nbs1-deficient cerebella, activation of p53 leads to a defective neuroprogenitor... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5560972 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5560972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5560969&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22215692%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gao J, Chang YS, Jallal B, Viner J Abstract Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are polypeptide hormones with potent anabolic and mitogenic effects that regulate cell growth and differentiation. Dysregulation of the IGF axis has been well documented in the development and progression of multiple types of cancer. As a result, compounds targeting the IGF axis have become an area of intense preclinical and clinical research for cancer therapeutics. The IGF axis is intimately involved with the insulin-signaling pathway because of their close homologies. This homology may explain hurdles encountered in the clinical development of IGF-targeted therapies, such as less-than-expected antitumor efficacy that may arise from compensatory increases in the activity of insulin receptor iso... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5560969 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5560969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5560968&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22215693%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fitzgerald DP, Subramanian P, Deshpande M, Graves C, Gordon I, Qian Y, Snitkovsky Y, Liewehr DJ, Steinberg SM, Paltán-Ortiz JD, Herman MM, Camphausen K, Palmieri D, Becerra SP, Steeg PS Abstract Brain metastases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for patients with cancer, yet preventative and therapeutic options remain an unmet need. The cytokine pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is downregulated in resected human brain metastases of breast cancer compared with primary breast tumors, suggesting that restoring its expression might limit metastatic spread. Here, we show that outgrowth of large experimental brain metastases from human 231-BR or murine 4T1-BR breast cancer cells was suppressed by PEDF expression, as supported by in vitro analyses as wel... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5560968 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5560968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5560967&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22215903%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bates SE, Amiri-Kordestani L, Giaccone G Abstract A British humorist said, "There is much to be said for failure. It is much more interesting than success." This CCR Focus section is aimed at identifying lessons to be learned from difficulties encountered in recent years during development of anticancer agents. Clearly, we have not found a silver bullet tyrosine kinase inhibitor against solid tumors comparable with imatinib in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Although vemurafenib for B-Raf-mutated melanoma and crizotinib for non-small cell lung cancers with echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements were developed rapidly and offer hope for individualized targeted therapies, the development of agents targeting a num... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5560967 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5560967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5560966&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22215906%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Komlodi-Pasztor E, Sackett DL, Fojo AT Abstract Although they have been advocated with an understandable enthusiasm, mitosis-specific agents such as inhibitors of mitotic kinases and kinesin spindle protein have not been successful clinically. These drugs were developed as agents that would build on the success of microtubule-targeting agents while avoiding the neurotoxicity that encumbers drugs such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids. The rationale for using mitosis-specific agents was based on the thesis that the clinical efficacy of microtubule-targeting agents could be ascribed to the induction of mitotic arrest. However, the latter concept, which has long been accepted as dogma, is likely important only in cell culture and rapidly growing preclinical models, and irrelevan... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5560966 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5560966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550527&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22201757%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we evaluated whether, as compared to the single compounds, the combination of DADS+RES, DADS+CUR and RES+CUR resulted in an enhancement of their antitumor potential on malignant rhabdoid (SJ-RH4, RD/18) or osteosarcoma (Saos-2) cell lines. Through FACS analysis and activated caspase-3 labeling we demonstrate that CUR induces apoptosis of rabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma cells and that this effect is potentiated when CUR is combined with RES or DADS. Further, we explored the effects of the compounds, alone or in combination, on signal transduction pathways involved in apoptosis and growth of cancer cells and show that in rhabdomyosarcoma cells the apoptotic effect of CUR, either alone or in combination, is independent of p53 activity. Our findings suggest that CUR and CUR-base... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550527 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 03:18:12 +0100 5550527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514163&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22167643%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ishikawa T, Hagiwara K, Ochiya T Abstract A method for the generation of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells was established. This method employs adenovirus carrying the ecotropic retrovirus receptor mCAT1 and Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV)-based retroviral vectors carrying the four transcription factors POU5F1 (OCT3/4), KLF4, SOX2, and MYC (c-Myc) (Masaki H & Ishikawa T Stem Cell Res 1:105-15, 2007). The differentiation of human iPS cells into hepatic cells was performed by a stepwise protocol (Song Z et al. Cell Res 19:1233-42, 2009). These cells have potential as patient-specific in vitro models for studying disease etiology and could be used in drug discovery programs tailored to deal with genetic variations in drug efficacy and toxicity. PMID: 221... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514163 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 06:00:13 +0100 5514163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514204&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21443763%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticle produced by variation in the acid side chains that modify size and shape of engineered nanostructure and their interplay with host cell physiology might be the major criteria for their differential uptake to different internal organs. PMID: 21443763 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514204 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 06:00:04 +0100 5514204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514187&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22128548%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lavania M, Sarma PM, Mandal AK, Cheema S, Lal B Abstract We compared the efficacy of a natural biocide with four chemical tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, to control microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines. The efficacy of biocides were monitored against Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in experimental pipes by measuring cell counts, H2S production, Fe(II) production, production of extracellular polymeric substances and structure of biofilm. The treatment with cow urine had minimum planktonic cell counts of 3 x 10(2) CFU/mL as well as biofilm cell counts of 9 x 10(1) CFU/mL as compared with tetrakishydroxyl methyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, f... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514187 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 06:00:04 +0100 5514187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514183&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22157651%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cai Z, Zhang W, Yang F, Yu L, Yu Z, Pan J, Wang L, Cao X, Wang J PMID: 22157651 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514183 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514179&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22157652%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sakurai A, Doci C, Gutkind JS Abstract Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vasculature, is essential for many physiological processes, and aberrant angiogenesis contributes to some of the most prevalent human diseases, including cancer. Angiogenesis is controlled by delicate balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic signals. While pro-angiogenic signaling has been extensively investigated, how developmentally regulated, naturally occurring anti-angiogenic molecules prevent the excessive growth of vascular and lymphatic vessels is still poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how semaphorins and their receptors, plexins and neuropilins, control normal and pathological angiogenesis, with an emphasis on semaphorin-... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514179 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514178&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22157653%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen XQ, Wang B, Wu C, Pan J, Yuan B, Su YY, Jiang XY, Zhang X, Bao L Abstract Neurotrophins and their receptors adopt signaling endosomes to transmit retrograde signals. However, the mechanisms of retrograde signaling for other ligand/receptor systems are poorly understood. Here, we report that the signals of the purinergic (P)2X(3) receptor, an ATP-gated ion channel, are retrogradely transported in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron axons. We found that Rab5, a small GTPase, controls the early sorting of P2X(3) receptors into endosomes, while Rab7 mediates the fast retrograde transport of P2X(3) receptors. Intraplantar injection and axonal application into the microfluidic chamber of α, β-methylene-ATP (α, β-MeATP), a P2X selective agonist, enhanced the endocytosis an... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514178 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514164&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22162221%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows that the preliminary in vivo evaluation of a modified siloxane patch in humans had promising results and is comparable to existing biomaterial patches. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011. PMID: 22162221 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514164 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514186&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22150562%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion:  These data suggest that stabilization of β-catenin by WNT3A inhibits BMP2-mediated induction of cementoblast/osteoblast differentiation in SVF4 cells, although BMP2 requires endogenous Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote cell maturation. PMID: 22150562 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514186 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514175&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22160327%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion our study revealed that PPARα regulates the mouse cardiac AP2α2 gene in both the control and transgenic mouse. PMID: 22160327 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514175 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514165&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22160364%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Luo X, Zhang J, Wang H, Du Y, Yang L, Zheng F, Ma D Abstract Quantification of microRNAs (miRNAs) in tissues under normal and pathological conditions is important for elucidating miRNA functions. Based on a PolyA RT-PCR method we have described (J Zhang et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008 377:136-140), a modified miRNA quantification method was developed and validated using a universal TaqMan probe complementary to the reverse transcript primer. This method effectively detects miRNA expression in cell lines and tissues. The TaqMan probe is more accurate and reliable than the SYBR Green method since it was free from primer dimers. A series of miRNAs were tested in five different mouse tissues: the method differentiated different miRNAs of the same family. This universal ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514165 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5475627&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22065448%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rifkin SA Abstract In the past several years, a host of new technologies have made it possible to visualize single molecules within cells and organisms (Raj et al., Nat Methods 5:877-879, 2008; Paré et al., Curr Biol 19:2037-2042, 2009; Lu and Tsourkas, Nucleic Acids Res 37:e100, 2009; Femino et al., Science 280:585-590, 1998; Rodriguez et al., Semin Cell Dev Biol 18:202-208, 2007; Betzig et al., Science 313:1642-1645, 2006; Rust et al., Nat Methods 3:793-796, 2006; Fusco et al., Curr Biol 13:161-167, 2003). Many of these are based on fluorescence, either fluorescent proteins or fluorescent dyes coupled to a molecule of interest. In many applications, the fluorescent signal is limited to a few pixels, which poses a classic signal processing problem: how can actual signal ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5475627 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 15:54:02 +0100 5475627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422042&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089500%26dopt%3DAbstract Vision in multiple sclerosis: the story, structure-function correlations, and models for neuroprotection. J Neuroophthalmol. 2011 Dec;31(4):362-73 Authors: Sakai RE, Feller DJ, Galetta KM, Galetta SL, Balcer LJ Abstract ABSTRACT: Visual dysfunction is one of the most common clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS). Just over a decade ago, MS clincial trials did not include visual outcomes, but experts recognized the need for more sensitive measures of visual function. Low-contrast letter acuity emerged as the leading candidate to measure visual disability in MS, and subsequent studies found low-contrast acuity testing to correlate well with brain MRI lesion burden, visual-evoked potentials, quality of life (QOL), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss, as measu... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422042 Sat, 19 Nov 2011 03:48:11 +0100 5422042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380309&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22052433%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dertinger SD, Phonethepswath S, Weller P, Avlasevich S, Torous DK, Mereness JA, Bryce SM, Bemis JC, Bell S, Portugal S, Aylott M, Macgregor JT Abstract An international collaborative trial was established to systematically investigate the merits and limitations of a rat in vivo Pig-a gene mutation assay. The product of this gene is essential for anchoring CD59 to the plasma membrane, and mutations in this gene are identified by flow cytometric quantification of circulating erythrocytes without cell surface CD59 expression. Initial interlaboratory data from rats treated with several potent mutagens have been informative, but the time required for those flow cytometric analyses (∼20 min per sample) limited the number of cells that could be interrogated for the mutant pheno... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380309 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 01:10:17 +0100 5380309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380323&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22009531%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dhar SK, Tangpong J, Chaiswing L, Oberley TD, St Clair DK Abstract Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) plays a critical role in the survival of aerobic life, and its aberrant expression has been implicated in carcinogenesis and tumor resistance to therapy. However, despite extensive studies in MnSOD regulation and its role in cancer, when and how the alteration of MnSOD expression occurs during the process of tumor development in vivo are unknown. Here, we generated transgenic mice expressing a luciferase reporter gene under the control of human MnSOD promoter-enhancer elements and investigated the changes of MnSOD transcription using the 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-l3-acetate (TPA) multistage skin carcinogenesis model. The results s... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380323 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5380323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380322&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22009533%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ngiow SF, Teng MW, Smyth MJ Abstract New insights into the control of T-cell activation and proliferation have led to the identification of checkpoint proteins that either up- or downmodulate T-cell reactivity. Monoclonal antibody immunotherapies that are reactive with cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 or programmed death receptor 1 have shown promising therapeutic outcomes in mice and humans with established cancer, highlighting the fact that cancer immunotherapy using T-cell checkpoint inhibitors is one of the most promising new therapeutic approaches. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) is one of many similar inhibitory molecules that are gaining attention as targets, but it remains relatively poorly studied in oncology. This review discusses our recent probi... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380322 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5380322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380321&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22009534%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zigler M, Kamiya T, Brantley EC, Villares GJ, Bar-Eli M Abstract Progression of melanoma is dependent on cross-talk between tumor cells and the adjacent microenvironment. The thrombin receptor, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), plays a key role in exerting this function during melanoma progression. PAR-1 and its activating factors, which are expressed on tumor cells and the surrounding stroma, induce not only coagulation but also cell signaling, which promotes the metastatic phenotype. Several adhesion molecules, cytokines, growth factors, and proteases have recently been identified as downstream targets of PAR-1 and have been shown to modulate interactions between tumor cells and the microenvironment in the process of melanoma growth and metastasis. Inhibiting such i... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380321 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5380321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380320&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22009535%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Murata T, Mizushima H, Chinen I, Moribe H, Yagi S, Hoffman RM, Kimura T, Yoshino K, Ueda Y, Enomoto T, Mekada E Abstract Tumor stroma drives the growth and progression of cancers. A heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, HB-EGF, is an EGF receptor ligand that stimulates cell growth in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. While elevated expression of HB-EGF in cancer cells and its contribution to tumor progression are well documented, the effects of HB-EGF expression in the tumor stroma have not been clarified. Here, we show that HB-EGF is expressed in stromal fibroblasts where it promotes cancer cell proliferation. In uterine cervical cancers, HB-EGF was detected immunohistochemically in the stroma proximal to the cancer epithelium. Proliferation of cerv... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380320 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5380320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380319&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22025252%26dopt%3DAbstract Purging and isolating pluripotent cells, "sweet" dreams become true? Cell Res. 2011 Nov;21(11):1526-7 Authors: Sancho-Martinez I, Nivet E, Izpisua Belmonte JC PMID: 22025252 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380319 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5380319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380318&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22027684%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we determined the effect of nicotine administration on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumors in A/J mice. Female mice were administered a single dose of NNK (10 μmol) and 0.44 μmol/mL nicotine in the drinking water. Nicotine was administered 2 weeks prior to NNK, 44 weeks after NNK, throughout the experiment, or without NNK treatment. The average weekly consumption of nicotine-containing water was 15 ± 3 mL per mouse, resulting in an estimated daily nicotine dose of 0.9 μmol (0.15 mg) per mouse. Nicotine administration alone for 46 weeks did not increase lung tumor multiplicity (0.32 ± 0.1 vs. 0.53 ± 0.1 tumors per mouse). Lung tumor multiplicity in NNK-treated mice was 18.4 ± 4.5 and was not different for mice consuming nicotine bef... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380318 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5380318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380317&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22027685%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maier CR, Hollander MC, Hobbs EA, Dogan I, Linnoila RI, Dennis PA Abstract Smoking is the leading cause of preventable cancer deaths in the United States. Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) have been developed to aid in smoking cessation, which decreases lung cancer incidence. However, the safety of NRT is controversial because numerous preclinical studies have shown that nicotine enhances tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We modeled NRT in mice to determine the effects of physiologic levels of nicotine on lung tumor formation, tumor growth, or metastasis. Nicotine administered in drinking water did not enhance lung tumorigenesis after treatment with the tobacco carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Tumors that develop in this model have... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380317 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5380317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380316&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22041890%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang P, Wu Y, Belenkaya TY, Lin X Abstract Drosophila Wingless (Wg) acts as a morphogen during development. Wg secretion is controlled by a seven-pass transmembrane cargo Wntless (Wls). We have recently identified retromer as a key regulator involved in Wls trafficking. As sorting nexin (SNX) molecules are essential components of the retromer complex, we hypothesized that specific SNX(s) is required for retromer-mediated Wnt secretion. Here, we generated Drosophila mutants for all of the eight snx members, and identified Drosophila SNX3 (DSNX3) as an essential molecule required for Wg secretion. We show that Wg secretion and its signaling activity are defective in Dsnx3 mutant clones in wing discs. Wg levels in the culture medium of Dsnx3-depleted S2 cells are also marked... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380316 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5380316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380315&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22042827%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we offer genetic evidence that plasminogen receptor S100A10 is essential for recruitment of macrophages to the tumor site. Growth of murine Lewis lung carcinomas or T241 fibrosarcomas was dramatically reduced in S100A10-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. The tumor growth deficit corresponded with a decrease in macrophage density that could be rescued by intraperitoneal injection of wild-type but not S100A10-deficient macrophages. Notably, macrophages of either genotype could rescue tumor growth if they were injected into the tumor itself, establishing that S100A10 was required specifically for the migratory capability needed for tumor homing. Conversely, selective depletion of macrophages from wild-type mice phenocopied the tumor growth deficit seen in S100A10-defi... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380315 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5380315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380314&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22044164%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Silvestri R, La Regina G, Bai R, Rensen W, Coluccia A, Piscitelli F, Gatti V, Bolognesi A, Lavecchia A, Granata I, Porta A, Maresca B, Soriani A, Maria IL, Mariani M, Santoni A, Brancale A, Ferlini C, Dondio MG, Varasi M, Mercurio C, Hamel E, Lavia P, Novellino E Abstract New arylthioindoles (ATIs) were obtained by replacing the 2-alkoxycarbonyl group with a bioisosteric 5-membered heterocycle nucleus. The new ATIs 5, 8 and 10 inhibited tubulin polymerization, reduced cell growth of a panel of human transformed cell lines and showed higher metabolic stability than the reference ester 3. These compounds induced mitotic arrest and apoptosis at a similar level as combretastatin A-4 and vinblastine and triggered caspase-3 expression in a significant fraction of cells in both p... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380314 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5380314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380313&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22046027%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ambrose LF, Freedman J, Buetow K, Friend S, Schilsky RL Abstract Personalized cancer therapy offers the promise of delivering the right treatments to the right patients to improve patient outcomes and quality of life, while reducing exposure to ineffective therapies and the cost of cancer care. Realizing this promise depends in large part on our ability to generate timely and sufficiently detailed information regarding factors that influence treatment response. Generating this evidence through the traditional physician investigator-initiated clinical trial system has proved to be challenging, given poor recruitment rates and low compliance with requests for biospecimen collection. As a result, our current understanding of treatment response is inadequate, particularly for ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380313 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5380313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380312&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048278%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li D PMID: 22048278 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380312 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5380312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380311&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048279%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Balenga NA, Aflaki E, Kargl J, Platzer W, Schröder R, Blättermann S, Kostenis E, Brown AJ, Heinemann A, Waldhoer M PMID: 22048279 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380311 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5380311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5380310&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048280%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cohen A, Shirvan A, Levin G, Grimberg H, Reshef A, Ziv I PMID: 22048280 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5380310 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5380310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313315&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21976440%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang WC, Yao CK, Liao JD, Lin CC, Ju MS Abstract A dense poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) film was employed as the primary material and hot-embossed with the formation of microgrooves (g-PLLA). A thin layer of Au was then deposited on the film to obtain a morphologically modified substrate (Au/g-PLLA). The Au/g-PLLA film surface was then chemically modified by imprinting octadecanethiolate (ODT) self-assembled monolayers on the upper surface (ODT/Au/g-PLLA), followed by Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide sequences on the microgrooves (RGD_ODT/Au/g-PLLA). The surface chemistry of the as-prepared RGD_ODT/Au/g-PLLA samples was examined. The bioactivity and spreading function of Schwann cells cultured on the morphologically and chemically modified surfaces were assessed. The results demonstr... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313315 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 15:10:56 +0100 5313315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313314&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21976443%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wattamwar PP, Hardas SS, Butterfield DA, Anderson KW, Dziubla TD Abstract In a variety of biomedical applications (e.g., tissue engineering, drug delivery, etc.), the role of a bioactive material is to serve as a platform by which one can modulate the cellular response into a desired role. Of the methods by which one may achieve this control (e.g., shape, structure, binding, growth factor release), the control of the cellular redox state has been under evaluated. Ideally, the ability to tune the redox state of a cell provides an additional level of control over a variety of cellular responses including, cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Yet, in order to achieve such control, it is important to know both the overall oxidative status of the cell and what mo... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313314 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 15:10:47 +0100 5313314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313313&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21976444%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tseng HJ, Lin JJ, Ho TT, Tseng SM, Hsu SH Abstract Nanocomposites from a polyether-type waterborne polyurethane (PU) and 0.1 wt % of silicate materials were prepared. The individual silicate materials were natural clays (montmorillonite and mica), their exfoliated clays [nano silicate platelets (NSP) and nano mica platelets], and NSP modified with C18 fatty amine (NSP-S). The physico-chemcical properties and antimicrobial activity of the nanocomposites were characterized in vitro. The biostability and biocompatibility of the nanocomposites were evaluated in vivo. The nanocomposites exhibited various surface morphologies with phase separation of hard and soft domains in nanometric scales. The nanocomposite containing NSP (PU-NSP) showed better endothelial cell attachment an... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313313 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 15:10:38 +0100 5313313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313312&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21976445%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kikkawa Y, Kataoka A, Matsuda Y, Takahashi N, Miwa T, Katagiri F, Hozumi K, Nomizu M Abstract Hepatocytes rapidly lose hepatic functions upon isolation from liver, perhaps due to disrupted cell/matrix interactions. The matrix macromolecule laminin-111 consists of three chains, α1, β1, and γ1; it is a major component of Matrigel, which can maintain hepatic differentiation. We previously showed that the A13 peptide (RQVFQVAYIIIKA, α1 chain 121-133) derived from mouse laminin α1 exhibits hepatocyte attachment activity and maintains hepatic differentiation. Here, we sought to identify hepatocyte adhesive sequences from the mouse laminin β1 and γ1 chains using 22 synthetic peptides that show biological activity for fibrosarcoma cells. Nine peptides showed hepatocyte atta... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313312 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 15:10:29 +0100 5313312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313311&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21976446%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li Z, Kreiner M, Edrada-Ebel R, Cui Z, van der Walle CF, Mardon HJ Abstract A method to functionalize alginate by introducing monomeric or self-assembling (tetrameric) fibronectin (FN) domains is described, leading to a functional scaffold, which is used for three dimensional (3D) culture of human endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs). EnSCs encapsulated in the functional alginate were cultured under perfusion using the TissueFlex® platform, a multiple parallel microbioreactor system for 3D cell culture. The effect of the novel scaffold and the effect of perfusion were examined. Cell viability, proliferation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition were determined and the results compared with those obtained with cells encapsulated in non-functionalized alginate, and also t... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313311 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 15:10:20 +0100 5313311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313310&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21976450%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the material surface and anatomical sites of implantation dependent on the intended applications must be carefully considered while assessing Mg alloys in vitro or in vivo for medical applications. Standardized testing procedures and methods are critically needed for developing more effective medical-grade Mg alloys. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011. PMID: 21976450 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313310 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 15:10:11 +0100 5313310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281653&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21484859%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of static and dynamic compressive loading on energy metabolism of IVD cells. Porcine annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) cells seeded in 2% agarose were used in this experiment. Experimental groups included 15% static compression and 0.1 and 1 Hz dynamic compression at 15% strain magnitude for 4 h. ATP, lactate, glucose, and nitric oxide (NO) contents in culture media, and ATP content in cell-agarose construct were measured using biochemical assays. While the total ATP content of AF cells was promoted by static and dynamic loading, only 1 Hz dynamic loading increased total ATP content of NP cells. Increases in lactate production and glucose consumption of AF cells suggest that ATP production via glycolysis is prom... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281653 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 10:17:05 +0100 5281653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281652&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21509819%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee KB, Murray SS, Duarte ME, Spitz JF, Johnson JS, Song KJ, Brochmann EJ, Taghavi CE, Keorochana G, Liao JC, Wang JC Abstract Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) contribute to the growth of some skeletal metastases through autocrine stimulation. Secreted phosphoprotein 24 kDa (spp24) has been shown to bind to both BMP-2 and TGF-β and to markedly inhibit the osteogenic properties of rhBMP-2. We hypothesized that the addition of spp24 would sequester autocrine growth factors (especially BMP-2) and reduce tumor growth in a system (A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cell line) where autocrine stimulation by BMP-2 is known to be important. A549 cells were injected into two sites (subcutaneous and intraosseus) in SCID mice with ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281652 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 10:16:56 +0100 5281652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281651&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21509820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lim JY, Loiselle AE, Lee JS, Zhang Y, Salvi JD, Donahue HJ Abstract Adult stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells, display plasticity in that they can differentiate toward various lineages including bone cells, cartilage cells, fat cells, and other types of connective tissue cells. However, it is not clear what factors direct adult stem cell lineage commitment and terminal differentiation. Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular physical cues have the potential to control stem cell lineage specification. In this perspective article, we review recent findings on biomaterial surface and mechanical signal regulation of stem cell differentiation. Specifically, we focus on stem cell response to substrate nanoscale topography and fluid flow induced shear stress and ho... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281651 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 10:16:47 +0100 5281651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281650&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21520261%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the effects of loading and posture on mechanical properties of the transverse carpal ligament (TCL). Ten fresh-frozen cadaver arms were dissected to expose the TCL and positioned in the load frame of a servo-hydraulic testing machine, equipped with a load cell and custom made indenters. Four cylindrical indenters (5, 10, 20, and 35 mm) loaded the TCL in three wrist postures (30° extension, neutral and 30° flexion). Three loading cycles with a peak force of 50 N were applied at 5 N/s for each condition. The flexed wrist posture had significantly greater TCL stiffness (40.0 ± 3.3 N/mm) than the neutral (35.9 ± 3.5 N/mm, p = 0.045) and extended postures (34.9 ± 2.8 N/mm, p = 0.025). TCL stiffness using the 10 and 20 mm indenters w... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281650 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 10:16:39 +0100 5281650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281649&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21914199%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the amiloride-sensitive absorptive flux of SCCD mediated by a highly Na+-selective channel, likely αβγ-ENaC. These epithelial cells therefore absorb only Na+ via the amiloride-sensitive pathway and do not provide a parasensory K+ efflux from the canals via this pathway. The results further provide caution to the culture of epithelial cells on impermeable surfaces. PMID: 21914199 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281649 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 10:10:03 +0100 5281649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281643&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21770405%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Su Z, Niu J, Xiao Y, Ping Q, Sun M, Huang A, You W, Sang X, Yuan D Abstract A new conjugate, octreotide-polyethylene glycol(100) monostearate (OPMS), was developed for the enhancement of targeting delivery of hydroxycamptothecine (HCPT) loaded in nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). 2 ×10(-3) and 5 × 10(-3) mmol of OPMS were respectively used to modify NLC so that the targeted nanocarriers with low and high ligand density were obtained. For comparison, the pegylated NLCs without octreotide were prepared by adding equal molar amounts of polyethylene glycol(100) monostearate (PGMS). The relation between the modification levels and properties of various NLCs were studied in vivo and in vitro. At a high modification level, a slower release rate of HCPT and the more stable nan... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281643 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281654&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21351299%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, three antiproliferative compounds were isolated for the first time from Zeyheria montana and its leaves were characterized as an important source of methoxylated flavones and flavanone as potential antitumor compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. PMID: 21351299 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281654 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281648&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21865417%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our study proposes a novel explanation for the protective role of RVFHbαP in inflammation-associated infections, which not only may provide the new cellular targets for the screening of RVFHbαP ligands acting in the vaginal tissue but also has the potential to develop RVFHbαP as a therapeutic agent for reproductive tract infections. PMID: 21865417 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281648 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281647&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21383775%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zheng B, Han M, Shu YN, Li YJ, Miao SB, Zhang XH, Shi HJ, Zhang T, Wen JK Abstract Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) occurs in hypertension, atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty, leading to pathophysiological vascular remodeling. As an important growth arrest gene, p21 plays critical roles in vascular remodeling. Regulation of p21 expression by retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and its ligand has important implications for control of pathological vascular remodeling. Nevertheless, the mechanism of RAR-mediated p21 expression in VSMCs remains poorly understood. Here, we show that, under basal conditions, RARα forms a complex with histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and Krüppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) at the p21 promoter to inhibit its expression... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281647 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281646&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21403679%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we have identified in NB tumors two putative niches containing Oct-4(+) tumor cells. Oct-4(+)/TNC(+) perivascular NB cells displayed a high degree of plasticity and served as progenitors of TECs. Therapeutic targeting of Oct4(+)/TNC(+) progenitors may counteract the contribution of NB-derived ECs to tumor relapse and chemoresistance. PMID: 21403679 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281646 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281645&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467997%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Balenga NA, Aflaki E, Kargl J, Platzer W, Schröder R, Blättermann S, Kostenis E, Brown AJ, Heinemann A, Waldhoer M Abstract The directional migration of neutrophils towards inflammatory mediators, such as chemokines and cannabinoids, occurs via the activation of seven transmembrane G protein coupled receptors (7TM/GPCRs) and is a highly organized process. A crucial role for controlling neutrophil migration has been ascribed to the cannabinoid CB(2) receptor (CB(2)R), but additional modulatory sites distinct from CB(2)R have recently been suggested to impact CB(2)R-mediated effector functions in neutrophils. Here, we provide evidence that the recently de-orphanized 7TM/GPCR GPR55 potently modulates CB(2)R-mediated responses. We show that GPR55 is expressed in human blood ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281645 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281644&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21537344%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Irving A PMID: 21537344 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281644 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281642&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21788987%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang C, Xu R, Tian W, Jiang X, Cui Z, Wang M, Sun H, Fang K, Gu N PMID: 21788987 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281642 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281641&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21816906%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gocek E, Wang X, Liu X, Liu CG, Studzinski GP Abstract 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25D) used to treat human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells induces features of normal monocytes, but the mechanisms underlying this response are not fully understood. We hypothesized that one or more microRNAs (miRNA) known to control mouse hematopoiesis and lineage commitment might contribute to the ability of 1,25D to control the malignant phenotype. Here we report that 1,25D markedly induces expression of miR-32 in human myeloid leukemia cells, in which it targets the 3'-untranslated region of the mRNA encoding the proapoptotic factor Bim to reduce its expression. RNAi-mediated suppression of the miRNA-processing enzymes Drosha and Dicer increased Bim levels, in support of the concept ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281641 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281640&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21816907%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we show that RNA vaccination can be optimized by coadministration of the DC-activating Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) ligand as an effective adjuvant. Systemic administration of FLT3 ligand prior to immunization enhanced priming and expansion of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells in lymphoid organs, T-cell homing into melanoma tumors, and therapeutic activity of the intranodal RNA. Unexpectedly, plasmacytoid DCs (pDC) were found to be essential for the adjuvant effect of FLT3 ligand and they were systemically expanded together with conventional DCs after treatment. In response to FLT3 ligand, pDCs maintained an immature phenotype, internalized RNA, and presented the RNA-encoded antigen for efficient induction of antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. Coadministration of F... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281640 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281639&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21816908%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bitler BG, Nicodemus JP, Li H, Cai Q, Wu H, Hua X, Li T, Birrer MJ, Godwin AK, Cairns P, Zhang R Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics for this disease. Cellular senescence is an important tumor suppression mechanism that has recently been suggested as a novel mechanism to target for developing cancer therapeutics. Wnt5a is a noncanonical Wnt ligand that plays a context-dependent role in human cancers. Here, we investigate the role of Wnt5a in regulating senescence of EOC cells. We show that Wnt5a is expressed at significantly lower levels in human EOC cell lines and in primary human EOCs (n = 130) compared with either normal ovarian surface e... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281639 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281638&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21825014%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang Y, Lin L, Shanker A, Malhotra A, Yang L, Dikov MM, Carbone DP Abstract Deficiencies in immune function that accumulate during cancer immunoediting lead to a progressive escape from host immunosurveillance. Therapies that correct or overcome these defects could have a powerful impact on cancer management, but current knowledge of the types and mechanisms of immune escape is still incomplete. Here, we report a novel mechanism of escape from T-cell immunity that is caused by reduction in levels of the Delta family Notch ligands DLL1 and DLL4 in hematopoietic microenvironments. An important mediator of this effect was an elevation in the levels of circulating VEGF. Selective activation of the DLL1-Notch signaling pathway in bone marrow precursors enhanced T-cell activati... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281638 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281637&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21835894%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated whether inhibiting stress hormone production could inhibit the development of mammary carcinoma and metastasis in a rat model of breast carcinogenesis. To enhance β-endorphin (BEP), the endogenous opioid polypeptide that boosts immune activity and decreases stress, we generated BEP neurons by in vitro differentiation from fetal neuronal stem cells and transplanted them into the hypothalami of rats subjected to breast carcinogenesis. BEP-transplanted rats displayed a reduction in mammary tumor incidence, growth, malignancy rate, and metastasis compared with cortical cells-transplanted rats. BEP neuron transplants also reduced inflammation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the tumor tissues. In addition, BEP neuron transplants increased peripheral na... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281637 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281636&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21844183%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we characterized RBMS3 gene encoding an RNA-binding protein as a candidate TSG located at 3p24. Downregulation of RBMS3 mRNA and protein levels was documented in approximately 50% of the primary ESCCs examined. Clinical association studies determined that RBMS3 downregulation was associated with poor clinical outcomes. RBMS3 expression effectively suppressed the tumorigenicity of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo, including by inhibition of cell growth rate, foci formation, soft agar colony formation, and tumor formation in nude mice. Molecular analyses revealed that RBMS3 downregulated c-Myc and CDK4, leading to subsequent inhibition of Rb phosphorylation. Together, our findings suggest a tumor suppression function for the human RBMS3 gene in ESCC, acting through c-Myc downre... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281636 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281635&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21844184%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we used a mouse model to attempt to confirm this hypothesis, finding that cyclin D1 and cdk4 played active roles in not only the tumor but also the tumor microenvironment. Loss of cdk4 blocked tumor development, but loss of cyclin D1 did not prevent gliomas from developing. Instead, loss of cyclin D1 impeded progression to higher stages of malignancy. Enforcing expression of cyclin D1 was insufficient to correct the progression defect observed in cyclin D1-deficient animals. In contrast, restoration of cdk4 in the cdk4-deficient animals restored cell proliferation and tumor formation, although at lower tumor grades. Notably, the failure of tumors in the cyclin D1- and cdk4-deficient animals to progress to higher grades was correlated with a failure to fully activate microgli... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281635 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281635 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281634&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21844185%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we created a murine transgenic model to target PBF expression to the thyroid gland (PBF-Tg mice) and found that these mice exhibited normal thyroid function, but a striking enlargement of the thyroid gland associated with hyperplastic and macrofollicular lesions. Expression of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS), a gene essential to the radioiodine ablation of thyroid hyperplasia, neoplasia, and metastasis, was also potently inhibited in PBF-Tg mice. Critically, iodide uptake was repressed in primary thyroid cultures from PBF-Tg mice, which could be rescued by PBF depletion. PBF-Tg thyroids exhibited upregulation of Akt and the TSH receptor (TSHR), each known regulators of thyrocyte proliferation, along with upregulation of the downstream proliferative marker cyclin D1. We ext... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281634 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281633&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852381%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we identify miR-708, a little studied member of a set of microRNAs that have been implicated in stress control, as an important tumor suppressor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). miR-708 expression was attenuated widely in human RCC specimens. Restoration of miR-708 expression in RCC cell lines decreased cell growth, clonability, invasion, and migration and elicited a dramatic increase in apoptosis. Moreover, intratumoral delivery of miR-708 was sufficient to trigger in vivo regression of established tumors in murine xenograft models of human RCC. Investigation of the targets of miR-708 identified the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin as important. siRNA-mediated knockdown of survivin partially phenocopied miR-708 overexpression suggesting that the proapoptotic role of mi... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281633 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281632&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852384%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gasparre G, Kurelac I, Capristo M, Iommarini L, Ghelli A, Ceccarelli C, Nicoletti G, Nanni P, De Giovanni C, Scotlandi K, Betts CM, Carelli V, Lollini PL, Romeo G, Rugolo M, Porcelli AM Abstract The oncogenic versus suppressor roles of mitochondrial genes have long been debated. Peculiar features of mitochondrial genetics such as hetero/homoplasmy and mutation threshold are seldom taken into account in this debate. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations generally have been claimed to be protumorigenic, but they are also hallmarks of mostly benign oncocytic tumors wherein they help reduce adaptation to hypoxia by destabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α). To determine the influence of a disassembling mtDNA mutation and its hetero/homoplasmy on tumorigenic and metasta... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281632 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281631&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852385%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang M, Morsbach F, Sander D, Gheorghiu L, Nanda A, Benes C, Kriegs M, Krause M, Dikomey E, Baumann M, Dahm-Daphi J, Settleman J, Willers H Abstract The mechanisms by which inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to ionizing radiation remain poorly understood. We set out to characterize the radiosensitizing effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib and the monoclonal antibody cetuximab in NSCLC cells that contain wild-type p53. Unexpectedly, EGFR inhibition led to pronounced cellular senescence but not apoptosis of irradiated cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Senescence was completely dependent on wild-type p53 and associated with a reduction in cell number as well as impaired clonogenic radiati... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281631 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281630&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852386%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we determined how CCL22 production is controlled in tumor cells. In human breast carcinoma cell lines, CCL22 was secreted at low basal levels that were strongly increased in response to inflammatory signals [TNF-α, IFN-γ, and interleukin (IL)-1β], contrasting with CCL17. Primary breast tumors and CD45(+) infiltrating immune cells appeared to cooperate in driving CCL22 secretion, as shown clearly in cocultures of breast tumor cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or their supernatants. We determined that monocyte-derived IL-1β and TNF-α are key players as monocyte depletion or neutralization of these cytokines attenuated secretion of CCL22. However, when purified monocytes were used, exogenous human IFN-γ was also required to generate this response su... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281630 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281629&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21856745%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nishikawa E, Osada H, Okazaki Y, Arima C, Tomida S, Tatematsu Y, Taguchi A, Shimada Y, Yanagisawa K, Yatabe Y, Toyokuni S, Sekido Y, Takahashi T Abstract Lung cancers with neuroendocrine (NE) features are often very aggressive but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The transcription factor ASH1/ASCL1 is a master regulator of pulmonary NE cell development that is involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancers with NE features (NE-lung cancers). Here we report the definition of the microRNA miR-375 as a key downstream effector of ASH1 function in NE-lung cancer cells. miR-375 was markedly induced by ASH1 in lung cancer cells where it was sufficient to induce NE differentiation. miR-375 upregulation was a prerequisite for ASH1-mediated induction of NE features.... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281629 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281628&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21868755%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we defined a mechanism of celecoxib action based on degradation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), a major regulator of the death receptor pathway of apoptosis. c-FLIP protein levels are regulated by ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. We found that celecoxib controlled c-FLIP ubiquitination through Akt-independent inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), itself a candidate therapeutic target of interest in colon cancer. Celecoxib increased the levels of phosphorylated GSK3, including the α and β forms, even in cell lines, where phosphorylated Akt levels were not increased. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors abrogated Akt phosphorylation as expected but had no effect on celecoxib-induced GSK3 phosphorylation. In contrast, protein kinas... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281628 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281627&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21876557%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hawkins RD, Hon GC, Yang C, Antosiewicz-Bourget JE, Lee LK, Ngo QM, Klugman S, Ching KA, Edsall LE, Ye Z, Kuan S, Yu P, Liu H, Zhang X, Green RD, Lobanenkov VV, Stewart R, Thomson JA, Ren B Abstract Pluripotency, the ability of a cell to differentiate and give rise to all embryonic lineages, defines a small number of mammalian cell types such as embryonic stem (ES) cells. While it has been generally held that pluripotency is the product of a transcriptional regulatory network that activates and maintains the expression of key stem cell genes, accumulating evidence is pointing to a critical role for epigenetic processes in establishing and safeguarding the pluripotency of ES cells, as well as maintaining the identity of differentiated cell types. In order to better understa... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281627 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281626&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21931356%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu Q, Ng HH PMID: 21931356 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281626 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281625&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21931360%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang M, Yuan S, Huang S, Li J, Xu L, Huang H, Tao X, Peng J, Xu A Abstract The MyD88-independent pathway, one of the two crucial TLR signaling routes, is thought to be a vertebrate innovation. However, a novel Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) adaptor, designated bbtTICAM, which was identified in the basal chordate amphioxus, links this pathway to invertebrates. The protein architecture of bbtTICAM is similar to that of vertebrate TICAM1 (TIR-containing adaptor molecule-1, also known as TRIF), while phylogenetic analysis based on the TIR domain indicated that bbtTICAM is the oldest ortholog of vertebrate TICAM1 and TICAM2 (TIR-containing adaptor molecule-2, also known as TRAM). Similar to human TICAM1, bbtTICAM activates NF-κB in a MyD88-independent manner by interacting ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281625 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281624&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21933883%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jiang ZK, Sato M, Wei LH, Kao C, Wu L Abstract Prostate-specific promoters are frequently employed in gene-mediated molecular imaging and therapeutic vectors to diagnose and treat castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that emerges from hormone ablation therapy. Many of the conventional prostate-specific promoters rely on the androgen axis to drive gene expression. However, considering the cancer heterogeneity and varying androgen receptor status, we herein evaluated the utility of prostate-specific enhancing sequence (PSES), an androgen-independent promoter in CRPC. The PSES is a fused enhancer derived from the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen gene regulatory region. We augmented the activity of PSES by the two-step transcription... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281624 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281623&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21933886%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carmona FJ, Esteller M Abstract The IDIBELL Cancer Conference (ICC) on Metastasis and Angiogenesis was held in Barcelona, Spain, on May 26-27, 2011. The program content was developed by Dr. Manel Esteller, director of the Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC-IDIBELL), Dr. Oriol Casanovas and Dr. Francesc Viñals Canals of the Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), and Dr. Danny R. Welch from the University of Kansas Cancer Center. The topics discussed during the meeting included the latest advances in epigenetic control of metastasis and tumor cell invasion, and molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis and tumoral angiogenesis, and were presented by invited keynote speakers. One issue that recurred throughout the meeting was the increased appreciation of tumor-st... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281623 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5247482&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21936022%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eloisi Denardi S, Henrique Bechara G, Rosa de Oliveira P, Camargo Mathias MI Abstract The present study revealed unheard of data about the action of aqueous extracts of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) on the vitellogenesis of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, proving that these extracts in 10 and 20% concentrations do not have the potential to kill the females; however, in lower concentrations (10%) provokes great morphological alterations in germinative cells such as the emergence of extended cytoplasmic vacuolization areas as well as the fragmentation of the germinal vesicle, even in those oocytes which were in initial stages of development (I-III), showing that neem is a potent agent which acts impeding one of the main metabolic stages of the ticks, i.e., the reproductio... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5247482 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 21:36:23 +0100 5247482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5247481&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21936027%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cabral RM, Branco E, Rizzo Mdos S, Ferreira GJ, Gregores GB, Samoto VY, Stopiglia AJ, Maiorka PC, Fioretto ET, Capelozzi VL, Borges JB, Gomes S, Beraldo MA, Carvalho CR, Miglino MA Abstract Parte superior do formulário Digite um texto ou endereço de um site ou traduza um documento. The aim of this study is to evaluate the histological changes in lung parenchyma of pigs affected by interstitial lung disease induced after the infusion of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs). Ten female swines were submitted to pulmonary fibrosis induced by a single dose of intratracheal bleomicine sulfate. Animals were arranged into two groups: Group 1: induced-disease control and Group 2: cell therapy using BMMCs. Both groups were clinically evaluated for 180 days. High-resolution comput... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5247481 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 21:36:13 +0100 5247481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219328&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21912434%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yu S, Luo J, Song Z, Ding F, Dai Y, Li N PMID: 21912434 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219328 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219327&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21912435%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wirawan E, Berghe TV, Lippens S, Agostinis P, Vandenabeele P Abstract Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that degrades damaged or superfluous cell components into basic biomolecules, which are then recycled back into the cytosol. In this respect, autophagy drives a flow of biomolecules in a continuous degradation-regeneration cycle. Autophagy is generally considered a pro-survival mechanism protecting cells under stress or poor nutrient conditions. Current research clearly shows that autophagy fulfills numerous functions in vital biological processes. It is implicated in development, differentiation, innate and adaptive immunity, ageing and cell death. In addition, accumulating evidence demonstrates interesting links between autophagy and several human diseases a... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219327 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219321&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21913318%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the role of COX-2 in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation in the osteoclast precursor cell line RAW264.7 stimulated with titanium (Ti) particles. The results showed COX-2 expression in the early stages of RAW264.7 differentiation when stimulated with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and Ti particles. Blockade of COX-2 by celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor, effectively reduced the expression of PGE2 and inhibited differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP(+) ) osteoclastic cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that celecoxib inhibited mRNA expression of RANK, cathepsin K (CPK), TRAP, and the nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) in RAW264.... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219321 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219319&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21913320%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, oxidative stress induced by H(2) O(2) substantially impairs the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts. More importantly, the addition of NAC into the culture was found to restore these damages to a near normal level due to the improved redox balance, warranting further in vivo studies to test its therapeutic potential as a local antioxidative stress drug. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2011. PMID: 21913320 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219319 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219331&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21906056%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion:  This proof-of-principle study suggests that cellular therapy, in combination with a collagen sponge, promoted periodontal regeneration in experimental intrabony periodontal defects. PMID: 21906056 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219331 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219330&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21906057%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion:  The higher expression levels of FcγRIIb in subjects with the FcγRIIB-nt645+25AA genotype may induce a lower level of production of IgG against P. gingivalis and therefore more severe periodontitis. PMID: 21906057 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219330 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219329&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911479%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shteyn E, Pigati L, Fölsch H Abstract The epithelial cell-specific clathrin adaptor complex AP-1B facilitates the sorting of various transmembrane proteins from recycling endosomes (REs) to the basolateral plasma membrane. Despite AP-1B's clear importance in polarized epithelial cells, we still do not fully understand how AP-1B orchestrates basolateral targeting. Here we identify the ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) as an important regulator of AP-1B. We show that activated Arf6 pulled down AP-1B in vitro. Furthermore, interfering with Arf6 function through overexpression of dominant-active Arf6Q67L or dominant-negative Arf6D125N, as well as depletion of Arf6 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA), led to apical missorting of AP-1B-dependent cargos. In agreement with these data, ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219329 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219326&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21913218%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gibon E, Ma T, Ren PG, Fritton K, Biswal S, Yao Z, Smith L, Goodman SB Abstract The biological mechanisms leading to periprosthetic osteolysis involve both chemokines and the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. Whether MCP-1 plays a major role in macrophage recruitment in the presence of wear particles is unknown. We tested two hypotheses: (1) that exogenous local delivery of MCP-1 induces systematic macrophage recruitment and (2) that blockade of the MCP-1 ligand-receptor axis decreases macrophage recruitment and osteolysis in the presence of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles. Six groups of nude mice were used. We used non-invasive imaging to assay macrophage recruitment and osteolysis. A murine macrophage cell line and primary wild type and CCR2 k... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219326 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219325&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21913220%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nishimori M, Matsumoto T, Ota S, Kopf S, Mifune Y, Harner C, Ochi M, Fu FH, Huard J Abstract We performed this study to investigate the therapeutic role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in medial collateral ligament (MCL) healing. Murine muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) obtained via the preplate technique were retrovirally transduced to express: (1) VEGF and nLacZ (MDSC-VEGF), (2) soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT1, a VEGF-specific antagonist) and nLacZ (MDSC-sFLT1), and (3) nLacZ (MDSC-nLacZ). After transecting the MCL of immunodeficient rats, 5 × 10(5)  cells of each of the transduction groups list above were transplanted into the MCL injury site. A control group was injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) only. Immunohistochemical staini... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219325 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219324&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21913221%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alhawagri M, Yamanaka Y, Ballard D, Oltz E, Abu-Amer Y Abstract PMMA particles released from bone implants are considered major contributor to osteolysis and subsequent implant failure. Although the ensuing inflammatory response has been described, the mechanisms underlying PMMA particulate-induced osteolysis remain enigmatic. In previous studies, we have established that activation of Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and MAP kinase pathways plays a central role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory osteolysis. Specifically, we have shown that impeding IKK complex assembly, and thus subsequent NF-κB activation, dampens particle-induced osteolysis. The IKK complex consists of IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ, also known as NEMO. NEMO has no catalytic activity and serves as a scaffold ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219324 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219323&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21913222%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we clarified the effective size of HA oligosaccharides required to inhibit cell growth in the highly invasive breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 cells. Based on the results of cell growth assay, we subsequently analyzed the effects of HA tetrasaccharides, HA decasaccharides, and high molecular weight HA on the other breast cancer cell behaviors in vitro and breast cancer bone metastasis in vivo. HA decasaccharides significantly inhibited cell growth, motility, and invasion, whereas tetrasaccharides did not. HAS2 mRNA expression was altered after the treatment with both tetrasaccharides and decasaccharides. Phosphorylation of Akt was suppressed after 1 h treatment with HA decasaccharides, and the effect was partially reversed by anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody. In vivo, loca... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219323 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219322&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21913317%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, both AdHAM and FdHAM provide superior chondrocyte proliferation, GAG expression, and attachment than monolayer cultures making it a potential substrate/carrier for cell based cartilage therapy and transplantation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011. PMID: 21913317 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219322 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219320&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21913319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hou J, Zhang Q, Li X, Tang Y, Cao MR, Bai F, Shi Q, Yang CH, Kong DL, Bai G Abstract A novel folate fluorescent nanoconjugate was synthesized and used for detection of cancer cells overexpressing the folate receptor (FR). The folate conjugate (PCMS-NA-FA) was synthesized by conjugating folic acid (FA) and 4-ethylnyl-N-ethyl-1, 8-naphthalimide (NA) to the polychloromethylstyrene (PCMS) functionalized with azido group (PCMS-N(3) ) through click reaction. The obtained conjugate had clear structure and could form PCMS-NA-FA nanoparticles with particle size around 86 nm in aqueous solution. Ability of PCMS-NA-FA targeting to cancerous cells was investigated by comparing the uptake of the nanoparticles by human adenocarcinoma HeLa cells and by non-FR expressing human lung carcin... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219320 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219332&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21898671%26dopt%3DAbstract We report a study on the model of the intestine of Isospora suis-infected piglets, in which we addressed (1) whether the quantity of detectable T cells in the intestinal mucosa is the same in formalin-, HOPE®-, and cryo-conserved material or whether the amounts of T cells at least correlate with one another; and (2) whether single jejunal segments differ in regard to the quantity of mucosal T cells and variability of lymphocyte infiltration. Quantification of T cells in histological sections of different parts of the jejunum of 15-22 day old piglets infected with I. suis was performed using an anti-CD3-antibody and stereological point counting. Area fractions of T-cell profiles per intestinal mucosa profile were higher in cryo-conserved samples than in HOPE®- and formalin-conserved mater... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219332 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219350&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21875933%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ganesan R, Kolumam GA, Lin SJ, Xie MH, Santell L, Wu TD, Lazarus RA, Chaudhuri A, Kirchhofer D Abstract Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) is a plasminogen-related growth factor and ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase RON. The MSP/RON system promotes wound healing and invasive tumor growth and suppresses proinflammatory immune response. MSP binding to RON requires proteolytic conversion of the inactive single-chain form (pro-MSP) into the disulfide-linked α/β heterodimer. The pro-MSP cleavage sequence (Ser-Lys-Leu-Arg(483)↓Val(484)) closely matches the substrate recognition sequences of hepsin, a type II transmembrane serine protease, that is overexpressed in several cancers. Here, we show that recombinant hepsin cleaves pro-MSP at the consensus site Arg(483)-Val... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219350 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219350 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219342&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21894189%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li YQ, Zeng A, Han XS, Wang C, Li G, Zhang ZC, Wang JY, Qin YW, Jing Q PMID: 21894189 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219342 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219341&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21894190%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Kroemer G PMID: 21894190 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219341 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219340&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21894191%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang YC, Nakagawa M, Garitaonandia I, Slavin I, Altun G, Lacharite RM, Nazor KL, Tran HT, Lynch CL, Leonardo TR, Liu Y, Peterson SE, Laurent LC, Yamanaka S, Loring JF Abstract Rapid and dependable methods for isolating human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) populations are urgently needed for quality control in basic research and in cell-based therapy applications. Using lectin arrays, we analyzed glycoproteins extracted from 26 hPSC samples and 22 differentiated cell samples, and identified a small group of lectins with distinctive binding signatures that were sufficient to distinguish hPSCs from a variety of non-pluripotent cell types. These specific biomarkers were shared by all the 12 human embryonic stem cell and the 14 human induced pluripotent stem cell samples examined... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219340 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219339&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21894192%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fang Z, Tian W, Ji H Abstract Classical algorithms aiming at identifying biological pathways significantly related to studying conditions frequently reduced pathways to gene sets, with an obvious ignorance of the constitutive non-equivalence of various genes within a defined pathway. We here designed a network-based method to determine such non-equivalence in terms of gene weights. The gene weights determined are biologically consistent and robust to network perturbations. By integrating the gene weights into the classical gene set analysis, with a subsequent correction for the "over-counting" bias associated with multi-subunit proteins, we have developed a novel gene-weighed pathway analysis approach, as implemented in an R package called "Gene Associaqtion Network-based ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219339 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219338&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21894193%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mei Y, Jia WJ, Chu YJ, Xue HW Abstract Phosphatidylinositol monophosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) catalyzes the synthesis of PI-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P(2)) by phosphorylation of PI-4-phosphate at the 5 position of the inositol ring, and is involved in regulating multiple developmental processes and stress responses. We here report on the functional characterization of Arabidopsis PIP5K2, which is expressed during lateral root initiation and elongation, and whose expression is enhanced by exogenous auxin. The knockout mutant pip5k2 shows reduced lateral root formation, which could be recovered with exogenous auxin, and interestingly, delayed root gravity response that could not be recovered with exogenous auxin. Crossing with the DR5-GUS marker line and measurement of free ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219338 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219337&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21895660%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion:  The results suggest that IM reverses the TNF-α-induced disruption of the gingival epithelial barrier by regulating E-cadherin and claudin-1. PMID: 21895660 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219337 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219334&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896640%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van de Stolpe A, Pantel K, Sleijfer S, Terstappen LW, den Toonder JM Abstract From February 7-11, 2011, the multidisciplinary Lorentz Workshop Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Isolation and Diagnostics: Toward Routine Clinical Use was held in Leiden (The Netherlands) to discuss progress and define challenges and potential solutions for development of clinically useful circulating tumor cell (CTC) diagnostics. CTCs, captured as "liquid biopsy" from blood, for counting and characterization using pathology and molecular assays, are expected to replace metastatic tissue biopsies to be used to predict drug response and resistance and to monitor therapy response and cancer recurrence. CTCs are highly heterogeneous; therefore, cancer type-specific isolation technologies, as well as c... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219334 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219333&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896641%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pittoni P, Tripodo C, Piconese S, Mauri G, Parenza M, Rigoni A, Sangaletti S, Colombo MP Abstract Mast cells (MC) are c-Kit-expressing cells, best known for their primary involvement in allergic reactions, but recently reappraised as important players in either cancer promotion or inhibition. Here, we assessed the role of MCs in prostate tumor development. In prostate tumors from both tumor-prone transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice and human patients, MCs are specifically enriched and degranulated in areas of well-differentiated (WD) adenocarcinoma but not around poorly differentiated (PD) foci that coexist in the same tumors. We derived novel TRAMP tumor cell lines, representative of WD and PD variants, and through pharmacologic stabilization or g... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219333 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219336&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21895661%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion:  The results obtained in the present study show that P. gingivalis extract induces TNF-α and IL-6 in an in vitro liver model and that macrophage-derived TNF-α mediates the induction of TNF-α in hepatocytes. PMID: 21895661 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219336 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219335&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21895663%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion:  This study shows that cytomegalovirus and human herpesvirus 7 can be present at periodontitis-affected sites but are uncommon at healthy periodontal sites. Moreover, our data suggest that cytomegalovirus can be related to an inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of CD3(+) T cells, whereas human herpesvirus 7 can be associated with an infiltrate with predominance of T-CD4(+) cells. However, further studies are necessary to support this hypothesis. Herpesviruses could play a role in human chronic periodontitis by modulation of the T cell response. PMID: 21895663 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219335 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219349&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21887736%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we show data suggesting that the fluorine to carbon ratio determines the acidity of the fluoropolymer surfaces and how well collagen IV attaches to and assembles on four different fluoropolymer surfaces. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011. PMID: 21887736 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219349 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219348&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21887737%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests the capability for gold/porcine diaphragm scaffolds to enhance cell proliferation while the modification of free radical generation appears to be dependent on nanomaterial shape and concentration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011. PMID: 21887737 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219348 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219347&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21887738%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meng D, Rath SN, Mordan N, Salih V, Kneser U, Boccaccini AR Abstract Highly porous (>90% porosity) 45S5 Bioglass®-derived glass-ceramic scaffolds were fabricated by foam replication method, and coated with carbon nanotubes (CNT) (coating thickness: 1 μm) using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). In vitro cell culture using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was carried out on both scaffold systems (with and without CNT coating) over a 4-week period. By using AlamarBlue™, BSA and alkaline phosphatase assays; the cell viability and differentiation were measured quantitatively measured and compared between the two scaffold types. The results showed that both scaffold systems are biocompatible with MSCs and they can support the cellular activity. No cytotoxic effects of CNT we... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219347 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219346&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21887739%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Riquelme BD, Dumas D, Fontana A, Delannoy M, Valverde JR, Sondag D, Grandfils C Abstract To mask the antigenic sites of cells for cell therapies, especially for blood transfusion, we investigated the hemocompatibility of two poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethyleneglycol) compared with that of the homopolymer without PEG. Our strategy relies on the potential ability of these copolymers to self-assemble at the erythrocyte surface. The cationic sequence of the copolymer should be able to interact with the glycocalyx by ionic interaction. The other sequence, based on a polyethyleneglycol moiety, should prevent both nonspecific interactions and specific recognition of the biological surface. The hemocompatibility of these copolymers was assessed by analyzing a... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219346 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219345&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21887740%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yu Y, Deng C, Meng F, Shi Q, Feijen J, Zhong Z Abstract Novel injectable biodegradable glycol chitosan hydrogels were developed based on thiolated glycol chitosan (GC-SH) and water soluble oligo(acryloyl carbonate)-b- poly(ethylene glycol)-b-oligo(acryloyl carbonate) (OAC-PEG-OAC) triblock copolymers via Michael-type addition reaction. The rheology measurements showed that robust hydrogels were formed rapidly upon mixing aqueous solutions of GC-SH and OAC-PEG-OAC at remarkably low total polymer concentrations of 1.5-4.5 wt % under physiological conditions. The gelation times (varying from 10 s to 17 min) and storage moduli (100 to 4300 Pa) of hydrogels could be controlled by degrees of substitution (DS) of GC-SH, solution pH, and polymer concentration. These glycol chitosa... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219345 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219344&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21887742%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polycaprolactone (PVA/PCL) nanofiber scaffolds seeded with rabbit bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) for cartilage tissue engineering in vitro and in vivo. We tested the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of nanofibrous scaffolds using scanning electron microscope, MTT assay, and tensile measurements. The capacity of MSC for chondrogenic differentiation on scaffolds was examined using reverse transcription-polymer chain reaction and immunostaining. For in vivo assessments, PVA/PCL nanofiber scaffolds with or without MSC were implanted into rabbit full-thickness cartilage defects. To evaluate cartilage regeneration, semi-quantitative grading and histological analysis were performed. Our resul... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219344 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219343&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21893494%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rouzer CA, Marnett LJ Abstract Green tea and its major polyphenolic flavonoid, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), have been credited with cancer chemopreventive activity for many years; the mechanism for this activity, however, has remained obscure. Now, as reported in this issue of the journal (beginning on page 1366), Urusova and colleagues showed direct binding of EGCG to the peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1, which inhibited Pin1 enzymatic activity. They showed that Pin1 expression is required for EGCG effects on cell growth, c-Jun activation, and transcription regulation mediated by NF-κB and activator protein-1. The data provide a glimpse of the mechanism of action of EGCG and set a new bar for the future study of natural products with chemopreventive activity.... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219343 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5176813&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21870234%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gallegos LL, Newton AC Abstract Protein kinase C (PKC) signaling drives many important cellular processes and its dysregulation results in pathophysiologies such as cancer (Gokmen-Polar et al., Cancer Res 61:1375-1381, 2001). Because PKC is activated acutely and allosterically, it is difficult to monitor the cellular activity of endogenous PKC by conventional methodologies (Newton, Methods Enzymol 345:499-506, 2002). Rather, PKC signaling is best studied in situ using biosensors such as FRET-based reporters. We have generated several FRET-based reporters for studying PKC signaling in real time in live cells (Violin and Newton, IUBMB Life 55:653-660, 2003). Using these reporters, we have demonstrated phase-locked oscillations in Ca(2+) release and membrane-localized endogen... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5176813 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 20:44:20 +0100 5176813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5176812&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21870813%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guo X, Huang L Abstract Gene therapy has long been regarded a promising treatment for many diseases, whether acquired (such as AIDS or cancer) or inherited through a genetic disorder. A drug based on a nucleic acid, however, must be delivered to the interior of the target cell while surviving an array of biological defenses honed by evolution. Successful gene therapy is thus dependent on the development of an efficient delivery vector. Researchers have pursued two major vehicles for gene delivery: viral and nonviral (synthetic) vectors. Although viral vectors currently offer greater efficiency, nonviral vectors, which are typically based on cationic lipids or polymers, are preferred because of safety concerns with viral vectors. So far, nonviral vectors can readily transfe... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5176812 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5176812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157533&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862631%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Javelaud D, Alexaki VI, Dennler S, Mohammad KS, Guise TA, Mauviel A Abstract The Hedgehog (HH) and TGF-β signaling pathways represent essential regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation during embryogenesis. Pathway deregulation is a characteristic of various cancers. Recently, evidence for a convergence of these pathways at the level of the GLI2 transcription factor in the context of tumor initiation and progression to metastasis has emerged. This short review summarizes recent knowledge about GLI2 function and mechanisms of action downstream of TGF-β in cancer. Cancer Res; 71(17); 1-5. ©2011 AACR. PMID: 21862631 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157533 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157532&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862632%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Burden-Gulley SM, Qutaish MQ, Sullivant KE, Lu H, Wang J, Craig SE, Basilion JP, Wilson DL, Brady-Kalnay SM Abstract Traditional methods of imaging cell migration in the tumor microenvironment include serial sections of xenografts and standard histologic stains. Current molecular imaging techniques suffer from low resolution and difficulty in imaging through the skull. Here we show how computer algorithms can be used to reconstruct images from tissue sections obtained from mouse xenograft models of human glioma and can be rendered into three-dimensional images offering exquisite anatomic detail of tumor cell dispersal. Our findings identify human LN-229 and rodent CNS-1 glioma cells as valid systems to study the highly dispersive nature of glioma tumor cells along blood ve... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157532 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157531&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862633%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the transcriptome-wide effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib on estrogen-regulated transcription in MCF7 human breast cancer cells and showed that bortezomib caused a specific global decrease in estrogen-induced gene expression. This effect was specific because gene expression induced by the glucocorticoid receptor was unaffected by bortezomib. Surprisingly, we observed no changes in ERα recruitment or assembly of its transcriptional activation complex on ERα target genes. Instead, we found that proteasome inhibition caused a global decrease in histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1), leading to transcriptional elongation defects on estrogen target genes and to decreased chromatin dynamics overall. In confirming the functional significance of this ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157531 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157530&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862634%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dothager RS, Piwnica-Worms D Abstract Development of nanoparticle agents for cancer therapeutics and diagnostics is steadily progressing and was the subject of the inaugural conference entitled, "Nano in Cancer," held during January 12-15, 2011, in Miami, FL. The meeting program was developed by co-chairs David Piwnica-Worms (Washington University in St. Louis), Jan Schnitzer (Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine, San Diego), and Karen Wooley (Texas A&M University). Topics discussed for nanoparticle platforms under development included: nanotechnologies for cancer diagnostics and imaging, overcoming in vivo barriers, therapeutic nanoparticles and clinical prospects, and safety issues for nanotechnologies. Two important concepts emerged from this meeti... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157530 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157529&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862970%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang C, Tang X, Sun X, Miao Z, Lv Y, Yang Y, Zhang H, Zhang P, Liu Y, Du L, Gao Y, Yin M, Ding M, Deng H Abstract Embryonic hematopoiesis is a complex process. Elucidating the mechanism regulating hematopoietic differentiation from pluripotent stem cells would allow us to establish a strategy to efficiently generate hematopoietic cells. However, the mechanism governing the generation of hematopoietic progenitors from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) remains unknown. Here, on the basis of the emergence of CD43(+) hematopoietic cells from hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells, we demonstrated that VEGF was essential and sufficient, and that bFGF was synergistic with VEGF to specify the HE cells and the subsequent transition into CD43(+) hematopoietic cells. Significantly, we id... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157529 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157528&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862971%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we demonstrate that mouse miR-709 is predominantly located in the nucleus of various cell types and that its nuclear localization pattern rapidly changes upon apoptotic stimuli. In the cell nucleus, miR-709 directly binds to a 19-nt miR-709 recognition element on pri-miR-15a/16-1 and prevents its processing into pre-miR-15a/16-1, leading to a suppression of miR-15a/16-1 maturation. Furthermore, nuclear miR-709 participates in the regulation of cell apoptosis through the miR-15a/16-1 pathway. In summary, the present study provides the first evidence that one miRNA can control the biogenesis of other miRNAs by directly targeting their primary transcripts in the nucleus.Cell Research advance online publication 23 August 2011; doi:10.1038/cr.2011.137. PMID: 21862971 [PubMed ... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157528 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157527&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862972%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gong Z, Zhu JK PMID: 21862972 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157527 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157526&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862973%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hou Y, Zou Q, Ge R, Shen F, Wang Y Abstract Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. However, the cell population responsible for its metastasis remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that CD133(+)CD44(+/high) defined a subgroup of tumor cells that was responsible for hematogenous metastasis of liver cancers. Immunohistochemical investigation of human HCC specimens revealed that the number of CD133(+) and CD44(+) HCC cells was increased and was associated with portal vein invasion. Purified CD133(+) or CD44(high) HCC cells were superior in clonogenic growth and vascular invasion, respectively. Thus, the combination of CD133 and CD44 was used to define a novel HCC sub-population. CD133(+)CD44(high), but not CD133(+)CD44(low/... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157526 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157536&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21854395%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion:  Our results raise the possibility that HGF signaling controls root formation via the development of HERS. This study is the first to show that HGF is one of the stimulators of root development. PMID: 21854395 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157536 Sat, 20 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157537&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21851312%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: RES can be effectively loaded into liposomes and its anti-cancer effect was evidently improved by the application of liposome encapsulation technique. PMID: 21851312 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157537 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157535&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21858916%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ng KK, Thatte HS, Spector M Abstract Many cell types and cellular microenvironments have been explored for articular cartilage tissue engineering. We compared the potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and P19 embryonic carcinoma cells (ECCs), a pluripotent derivative of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), for cartilage histogenesis in porous collagen scaffolds in vitro. We found that while both MSCs and ECCs express α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), only MSCs exhibit condensation and contraction necessary for cartilage histogenesis. Furthermore, histology confirmed that only MSCs exhibited sulfated glycosaminoglycans and collagen type II formation after 14 days in culture. We conclude that MSCs appear to be superior over ECCs for cartilage regeneration und... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157535 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157534&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21858919%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the optimal scaffold for new bone formation and cell proliferation was found to be a composite scaffold formed from 50 wt % HA in 0.5 wt % collagen I solution. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2011. PMID: 21858919 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research) Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157534 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141675&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21847608%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we developed a modified "face-to-face" scale-skin culture system as an ex vivo model to study epidermal wound healing, and examined the role of the actin-myosin system in the rapid re-epithelialization using a myosin II ATPase inhibitor, blebbistatin. A low level of blebbistatin suppressed the formation of APS and induced the dissociation of keratocytes from the leading edge without attenuating the growth of the epidermal sheet or the migration rate of solitary keratocytes. AJs in the superficial layer showed no obvious changes elicited by blebbistatin. However, two epidermal sheets without APSs did not make a closure with each other, which was confirmed by inhibiting the connecting AJs between the superficial layers. These results suggest that myosin II activity is required... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141675 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141685&cid=s_30451_171_f&fid=30451&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21844890%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ma X, Huang J, Yang L, Yang Y, Li W, Xue L Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family ligands play essential roles in regulating a variety of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and survival. Expression of Drosophila TNF ortholog Eiger (Egr) induces JNK-dependent cell death, while the roles of caspases in this process remain elusive. To further delineate the Egr-triggered cell death pathway, we performed a genetic screen to identify dominant modifiers of the Egr-induced cell death phenotype. Here we report that Egr elicits a caspase-mediated cell death pathway independent of JNK signaling. Furthermore, we show NOPO, the Drosophila ortholog of TRIP (TRAF interacting protein) encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase, modulates Egr-induced Caspase-mediated cel... Cell Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141685 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141685