MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Cellular Immunology' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 06:42:46 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642497&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22270037%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oling V, Reijonen H, Simell O, Knip M, Ilonen J Abstract Autoreactive CD4(+) T cells contribute to the destruction of insulin producing beta cells in Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Using MHC class II tetramers, we have analyzed the frequency of GAD65- (274-286; 555-567) and insulin- (A1-15; A6-21) specific CD4(+) T cells in 31 children with T1D, 65 multiple autoantibody-positive children and 93 HLA- and age-matched controls. In a smaller group of children T-cell responses of memory origin to the same autoantigens were investigated. We observed a higher response to GAD65 555-567 in the autoantibody-positive children than in the controls (P=0.017). Memory T-cell responses to GAD65 555-567 were more frequent among T1D patients (P=0.025) and autoantibody-positive (P=0.054), while all ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642497 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5642497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5603971&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22248881%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Neuwirth A, Dobeš J, Oujezdská J, Ballek O, Benešová M, Sumník Z, Včeláková J, Koloušková S, Obermannová B, Kolář M, Stechová K, Filipp D Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by T-cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Recently, small cationic α-defensin molecules have been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the α-defensin expression in patients with T1D and elucidate the cellular source of their production. Our results show that 30% of patients exhibit increased levels of α-defensin mRNAs in their capillary blood. Quantitative RT-PCR performed on FACS-sorted granulocytes identified CD15(dull)/CD14(weak) population as the cellular sou... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5603971 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5603971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536663&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978649%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we demonstrate that human CD8+ T cells also vary widely in their ability to secrete IFNγ within 15h of either Listeria infection or cytokine stimulation. The magnitude of the rapid IFNγ response correlated more closely with the intrinsic responsiveness of the T cells to cytokine stimulation rather than the amount of IL-12 produced. CD8+ T cells from 2 out of 16 blood donors (12.5%) failed to generate a significant IFNγ response. These results demonstrate that bystander activation of CD8+ T cells varies among individuals and validate further study of the differential responses observed using BALB/c vs. C57BL/6 mice. PMID: 21978649 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536663 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 10:12:02 +0100 5536663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536662&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21996642%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Amir J, Waite M, Tobler J, Catalfamo DL, Koutouzis T, Katz J, Wallet SM Abstract Immune modulating factors are necessary for pathogen clearance, but also contribute to host tissues damage, as those seen in periodontal diseases. Many of these responses can be exacerbated by host conditions including type 2 diabetes [T2D], where toll-like receptor 4 [TLR4] and the receptor for advanced glycated end products [RAGE] play a significant role. Here we investigate causality associated with the increase in inflammatory markers observed in periodontally diseased patients with T2D using multi-variant correlation analysis. Inflammation associated with periodontal diseases, characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, innate immune receptor expression, and cellular infiltrate ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536662 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 10:12:02 +0100 5536662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536661&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22000275%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, CD59 may be a promising target in the gene therapy of breast cancer. PMID: 22000275 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536661 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 10:12:02 +0100 5536661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536660&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22000807%26dopt%3DAbstract We report that down-regulation of Syk inhibits the spreading of human THP-1 macrophage cells. Moreover, our data indicate that Syk binds PECAM-1 through its immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), and dual phosphorylation of the ITIM domain of PECAM-1 leads to activation of Syk. Our results indicate that the distance between the phosphotyrosines could be up to 22 amino acids in length, depending on the conformational flexibility, and that the dual ITIM tyrosine motifs of PECAM-1 facilitate immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-like signaling. The preferential binding of PECAM-1 to Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 or Syk may depend on their relative affinities, and could provide a mechanism by which signal transduction from PECAM-1 is internally regulate... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536660 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 10:12:02 +0100 5536660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536659&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22004796%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhou C, Yang B, Tian Y, Jiao H, Zheng W, Wang J, Guan F Abstract Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have low immunogenicity and immune regulation. Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly provides a new source for MSCs that are highly proliferative and have multi-differentiation potential. To investigate immunomodulatory effects of human Wharton's jelly cells (WJCs) on lymphocytes, we successfully isolated MSCs from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly. WJCs expressed MSC markers but low levels of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-ABC and no HLA-DR. These results indicate that WJCs have low immunogenicity. Both WJCs and their culture supernatant could inhibit the proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes and mouse splenocy... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536659 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 10:12:02 +0100 5536659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536658&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22004797%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we showed that CCK-8 reduced the expression of CD80, CD86, and MHCII on DCs. Moreover, CCK-8 promoted Th1 and inhibited Th17 polarization by increasing the production of IL-12 and decreasing the production of IL-6 and IL-23 on DCs in vitro and in vivo. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of CCK-8 to mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was found to effectively reduce the incidence of arthritis, delay its onset and prevent the occurrence of joint damage. Collectively, these results suggest that CCK-8 significantly suppresses the incidence and severity of CIA in mice, through the inhibition of DC mediated Th17 polarization. PMID: 22004797 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536658 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 10:12:02 +0100 5536658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536657&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22014390%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu T, Guo S, Wang J, Li L, Xu L, Liu P, Ma S, Zhang J, Xu L, Luo Y Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the interaction between manLAM and DC-SIGN influencing DCs maturation and downstream immune response using small interfering RNA-expressing lentiviral vectors to specifically knockdown DC-SIGN. Our data indicated that DC-SIGN knockdown alone in DCs did not affect the maturation or the immunological function of lipopolysacharide (LPS)-activated DCs. Surface molecules were dramatically down-regulated in DCs primed with manLAM but not in mock control DCs (P<0.05). Meanwhile, manLAM enhanced the production of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 in DCs (P<0.05). The level of IFN-γ was significantly down-regulated in the supernatants of naive T cells after ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536657 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 10:12:02 +0100 5536657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536656&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22014391%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dingayan LP Abstract In a host-parasite interaction model, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were co-incubated with trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica to determine if the cytotoxic killing of PBMCs involves (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Experimental PBMC populations were pre-treated with diphenylene iodonium chloride to inhibit NOX, N-acetylcysteine to inhibit p47(phox) (a subunit of NOX), and SB202190 to inhibit p38 MAPK, with co-suppression of caspases. Percentage apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and ROS generation were monitored in all PBMC populations. Pre-treatment significantly raised the proportion of apoptotic PBMCs, but changes in caspase-3 activity and ROS production were relatively negligibl... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536656 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 10:12:02 +0100 5536656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536655&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22019129%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, NK cells play a role in the early control of HIV-1/MuLV infected cells in vivo. PMID: 22019129 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536655 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 10:12:02 +0100 5536655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536654&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030471%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dong R, Moulding D, Himoudi N, Adams S, Bouma G, Eddaoudi A, Basu BP, Derniame S, Chana P, Duncan A, Anderson J Abstract Culturing of human peripheral blood CD14 positive monocytes is a method for generation of dendritic cells (DCs) for experimental purposes or for use in clinical grade vaccines. When culturing human DCs in this manner for clinical vaccine production, we noticed that 5-10% of cells within the bulk culture were binuclear or multiple nuclear, but had typical dendritic cell morphology and immunophenotype. We refer to the cells as binuclear cells in dendritic cell cultures (BNiDCs). By using single cell PCR analysis of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms we demonstrated that approximately 20-25% of cells in DC culture undergo a fusion event. Flow sorted BNiDC expr... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536654 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 10:12:02 +0100 5536654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536653&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030472%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, using Tax-specific CTL lines with high- and low-functional avidity developed from HLA-A2-transgenic mice, we showed that higher avidity CTLs specific for Tax expressing larger numbers of TCRs and better binding strength to the antigen-HLA-A2 complex are much more efficient at eliminating HTLV-1 infected cells and, in particular, ATL tumor cells with the ability of recognizing a latent level of Tax product detected only with a real-time PCR. These findings suggest that such higher avidity CTLs specific for Tax in HTLV-1 could be responsible for preventing the development of HTLV-1 infection by detecting trace amount of antigens. PMID: 22030472 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536653 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 10:12:02 +0100 5536653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536652&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22032907%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen H, Yuan B, Zheng Z, Liu Z, Wang S, Liu Y Abstract EphA2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase and can be acted as an attractive antigen for glioma vaccines. In addition, LIGHT plays an important role on enhancing T cell proliferation and cytokine production. To improve the CTL mediated immune response against glioma cells, we prepared the novel vaccine containing EphA2(883-891) peptide (TLADFDPRV) and LIGHT plasmid and utilized it to immunize the HLA-A2 transgenic HHD mice. In addition, trimera mice were immunized with the novel vaccine to elicit the antitumor immune response. The results demonstrated that the novel vaccine could induce robust cellular immunity against glioma U251 cells without lysing autologous lymphocytes. Moreover, the novel vaccine could significantly inh... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536652 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 10:12:02 +0100 5536652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536651&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035776%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: GanjiBakhsh M, Nejati V, Delirezh N, Asadi M, Gholami K Abstract Fully matured DCs with large amount cytoplasm and copious dendritic projections were visible at the end of culturing period in the presence of MCM, TNF-α and poly (I:C), with or without FEECM. Thus, DCs generated with these maturation factors are nonadherent and have typical satellite morphology. Flow cytometric analysis using anti-CD14, -CD80, -CD86, -HLA-DR and -CD83 revealed that expression of CD14 is decreased in particular in FEECM treated DCs, on day 5 and expression of CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR was the higher when FEECM are added to maturation factor. Functionally, when DCs matured in the presence of FEECM elicited stronger MLR, reduced phagocytic activity. These results support the use of the FEECM with ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536651 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 10:12:02 +0100 5536651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514603&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21703599%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Delogu G, Sali M, Rocca S, Quintiliani G, Santucci MB, Greco E, Cabibbo A, Mariani F, Colizzi V, Fadda G, Fraziano M Abstract Lysophospholipids may play an important protective role during primary infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by enhancing innate antimycobacterial immune response of both macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Here, we show that treatment with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) of mice aerogenically infected with MTB immediately after infection results in a significant early reduction of pulmonary CFUs and of histopathological damage in comparison with control mice. In contrast, treatment of acute disease does not result in any improvement of both microbiological and histopathological parameters. Altogether, these results show that LPA treatmen... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514603 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514602&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21714961%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang GB, Lei N, Zong CM, Duan JZ, Xing H, Shao Y Abstract CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) in the peripheral blood of 30 SHIV-SF162p4 and SIVmac251 sequentially infected Chinese rhesus macaques were examined by flow cytometry to obtain further insight into mDC alterations in HIV/AIDS. The CD1c+ cells were found to be mononuclear leukocytes rather than granulocytes, and most of them expressed CD20. CD1c+mDCs (CD1c+CD20-) consisted of two morphological subsets: the granular and the large CD1c+mDCs. The expression of HLA-DR, CD86, and CD11b, but no CCR7, CD83 and CD123, together with their endocytotic capacity indicated that they were immature mDCs. Their frequency at weeks 10 and 12 post-infection was significantly higher than that of un-infected ones; the large CD1c+mDC... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514602 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514601&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21714962%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beamer GL, Cyktor J, Carruthers B, Turner J Abstract The in vitro immune responses to mycobacterial antigens have been linked to the H-2 loci in mice. We evaluated in vitro and in vivo immune responses during early Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) pulmonary infection of C57BL/6 (H-2(b)), C57BL/6 (H-2(k)), CBA/J (H-2(k)), and C3H/HeJ (H-2(k)) mice to determine H-2(k)-dependent and -independent effects. H-2(k)-dependent effects included delayed and diminished Ag85-specific Th1 cell priming, a reduced frequency of Ag85-specific IFN-γ producing cells, reduced IFN-γ protein in vivo, and increased M.tb lung burden as demonstrated by C57BL/6 H-2(k) mice vs. C57BL/6 mice. H-2(k)-independent factors controlled the amount of Ag85-specific IFN-γ produced by each cell, T cell numb... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514601 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514600&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21714963%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mishra KP, Yadav AP, Shweta , Chanda S, Majumdar D, Ganju L Abstract The Antarctic continent is full of environmental extremes like isolation, cold, UV exposure, and blizzards etc. The present study was conducted to analyze the effect of ship borne journey and the impact of Antarctic harsh environment on serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels and their relationship with seasickness in Indian expeditioners. It was observed that one month onboard ship journey induced an increase in serum IgA levels and decrease in IgG levels while after being one month off board at the Indian research station Maitri, decreased levels of IgG and increased levels of IgA were found. IgM levels were not altered in comparison to the base line control. Moreover, serum IgG level showed a posit... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514600 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514599&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21723537%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluates the potential of LGG to induce a directed anti-tumor response. Lactobacilli were modified to secrete the prostate specific antigen (PSA) or IL15 and PSA (IL-15-PSA). Neutrophils and DC were exposed to LGG for 2 h as in clinical therapy for bladder cancer. Recombinant LGG activated neutrophils (elevated MHC class I expression) induced DC maturation (increased expression of CD86, CD80, CD40, MHC II and CD83), T cell proliferation and PSA specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity. IL15 enhanced direct DC activation of CTL. Thus LGG secreting tumor antigens may activate antigen specific immune responses when instilled intravesically and IL15 could enhance this response. PMID: 21723537 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514599 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514599 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514598&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21724179%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buchanan RM, Popowych Y, Arsic N, Townsend HG, Mutwiri GK, Potter AA, Babiuk LA, Griebel PJ, Wilson HL Abstract It is controversial whether naïve B cells are directly activated in response to TLR9 ligand, CpG ODN. Although bovine blood-derived CD21(+) B cells express TLR9 and proliferate in response to CpG in mixed-cell populations, purified bovine B cells do not proliferate significantly in response to CpG ODN, even when the B cell receptor is engaged. When co-cultured with CD14(+) myeloid cells and/or B-cell activating factor (BAFF), a cytokine produced by activated myeloid cells, there was a significant increase in CpG-specific B cell proliferation, and the number of large B cells in general or positive for CD25, all of which are markers for B cell activation. These da... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514598 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514597&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21788014%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang L, Wang J, Fan Y, Chen S, Wang L, Ma J Abstract 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), the active metabolite of vitamin D(3), its activity is not limited to mineral and skeletal homeostasis. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence pointing to the role of its activity in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell differentiation and immunomodulation. Here we report lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a glycolipid that is produced and secreted by gram-negative bacteria during peritonitis, plus high glucose (HG) can significantly inhibit mesothelial cell viability while induce more apoptosis in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMC). Pretreatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) can reverse the above effect in a concentration dependent manner. HG plus LPS can down-regulate the levels of both mRNA and ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514597 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514596&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21788015%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kraft-Terry SD, Gendelman HE Abstract We used pulsed stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (pSILAC) to assess protein dynamics during monocyte-macrophage differentiation. pSILAC allows metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins. Such de novo protein production was evaluated from 3 to 7 days in culture. Proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry then quantified by MaxQuant. Protein-protein linkages were then assessed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Proteins identified were linked to cell homeostasis, free radical scavenging, molecular protein transport, carbohydrate metabolism, small molecule chemistry, and cell morphology. The data demonstrates specific biologic events that are linked to monocyte transformation in a def... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514596 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514595&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21798527%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined NBP treatment-induced extramedullary hematopoiesis in splenectomized mice, focusing on hepatic hematopoiesis. NBP-treated mice did not display anemia or significant change in erythropoietin production, while megakaryopoiesis and erythropoiesis were constantly observed in the liver. Erythroblastic islands were detected in the sinusoidal lumen. Kupffer cells expressed VCAM-1 following NBP treatment, which is an important factor for erythroblast differentiation. Cl(2)MBP-liposome treatment depleted the erythroblastic islands, and decreased the number of hematopoietic cells in the liver, as determined by colony forming assays. Together, these results indicate that Kupffer cells support erythropoiesis, acting as stromal cells in the liver, and that they might act as a... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514595 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514594&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21802072%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Veselá R, Doležalová L, Pytlík R, Rychtrmocová H, Marečková H, Trněný M Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) play the key role in T-lymphocyte proliferation and induction of antitumour response. The mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) of T-lymphocytes and DCs is essential instrument for immunological mechanisms studies. Conventionally used method for determination of T-lymphocytes proliferation, (3)H-thymidine incorporation, provides only general information. The method of flow cytometry and differential gating seems to be more suitable for quantitative and qualitative analysis of T-lymphocyte proliferation. It is based on time limited acquisition of events and on its distribution according to forward and side scatter values. We decided to compare these two methods and deter... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514594 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514593&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21802073%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we describe the phenotypical characteristics of an Flt-3L-dependent DC culture (FLDC) system following LPS stimulation, which induces an inflammatory response, and after a second LPS stimulation, which induces tolerance. Priming of FLDCs with LPS via TLR4 has been shown to induce the activation of all three mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) families and enhance NF-κB complex translocation into the nucleus. Stimulated FLDCs express all maturation markers and exhibit an increase in IL-12p40 production and to a lesser extent, IL-10 production. In contrast, LPS stimulation of tolerized FLDCs was not associated with TLR4 up-regulation and led to MAPK inhibition. The decrease in p38 and JNK activation was correlated with an impairment of IL-12p40 production. Endotoxin toler... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514593 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514592&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21820106%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Noori S, Hassan ZM Abstract Some investigators have been found that Artemisinin and its derivates have inhibitory effect on growth of cancer cells. Among these derivatives, Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is well known as a semi-synthetic one. In addition, T cells are proved to be essential for the destruction of cancer cells. In this research, we assessed the effects of DHA on tumor cell growth inhibition in vitro by MTT assay and in vivo by intra tumor injection of DHA against breast cancer. The results showed that the IC(50) values of DHA for RIN pancreatic tumor cell line were 30 μM and significant decrease in the tumor size in vivo. Also we evaluate the effect of DHA on the modulation of immune response in tumor bearing animals; these include the splenocyte proliferation us... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514592 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514591&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21821233%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shi J, Qin X, Zhao L, Wang G, Liu C Abstract In HIV-infected subjects, B7-H1 synthesis and expression are up-regulated, and the degree of dysregulation correlates with the severity of disease. HIV-1 Tat protein, the viral transactivating factor, represents a key target for the host immune response. However, the relationship between B7-H1 and Tat protein has not been addressed. Here, we chose human endothelial cells which provide costimulatory signals sufficiently to influence T cells. We used recombinant pcDNA3.1(+)-Tat plasmid to transfect human endothelial cells ECV304 to establish stable Tat-expressed cell strain, and found that HIV-1 Tat was able to induce B7-H1 expression in ECV304 cells by Real-time PCR and flow cytometry analysis, and inhibited lymphocyte proliferat... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514591 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514590&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21839428%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we demonstrate they are bona fide memory T cells as characterized by surface marker expression, cytokine production, homeostatic proliferation, and ability to clear a secondary challenge of pathogen. Loss of both Bim and Fas also increased the number of virus-specific CD4(+) T cells found in the lymph nodes compared to the parental genotypes or wildtype mice. These studies illustrate that decreasing apoptosis increases the number of memory T cells and therefore could increase the efficacy of vaccines. PMID: 21839428 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514590 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514589&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21843881%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martina JA, Wu XS, Catalfamo M, Sakamoto T, Yi C, Hammer JA Abstract Here we imaged the exocytosis of lytic granules from human CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes using rapid total internal reflection microscopy, Lamp-1 tagged with mGFP to follow the fate of the lytic granule membrane, and granzyme A, granzyme B or serglycin tagged with mRFP to follow the fate of lytic granule cargo. Lytic granules were released by full fusion with the plasma membrane, such that the entire granule content for all three cargos visualized was released on a subsecond time scale. The behavior of GFP-Lamp-1 was, however, more complex. While it entered the plasma membrane in all cases, the extent to which it then diffused away from the site of exocytosis varied from nearly complete to highly restric... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514589 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514588&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21855860%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peng W, Ran B, Ma Y, Huang X, Chang Q, Wang X Abstract The purpose of this study is to assess the potential of dendritic cells transfected with PD-L1 recombinant adenovirus induces CD8+ T cell suppression and kidney allograft tolerance. To prove it, DCs transfected with PD-L1 recombinant adenovirus (DC/Ad-PD-L1) were transferred into the MHC-mismatched rat kidney transplants. After kidney transplantation, the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay and kidney function were analyzed. The results demonstrated that after administration of DC/Ad-PD-L1, the proliferation, cytokines secretion and activation marker expression of CD8+ T cells were suppressed. In addition, DC/Ad-PD-L1 could improve kidney function and survival of transplants. The findings suggested that DC/Ad-PD-L1 c... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514588 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514587&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21875704%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigate the potential of peritoneal macrophages to differentiate into dendritic cell (DCs) in response to preferential uptake of oligomannose-coated liposomes (OMLs). About 30% of peritoneal cells (PECs) preferentially took up OMLs that were administered into the peritoneal cavity. The OML-ingesting cells expressed CD11b and F4/80, but lacked CD11c expression, indicating that the OML-ingesting PECs with a CD11b(high)CD11c(-) phenotype are resident peritoneal macrophages. During in vitro cultivation, CD11c(+) cells arose among the PECs with ingested OMLs. CD11c(+) cells also developed among enriched peritoneal CD11b(high)CD11(-) cells from OML-treated mice, and the resulting CD11c(+) cells expressed co-stimulatory molecules and MHC class II. In addition, OML-ingesting ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514587 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514586&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885043%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Burke SJ, Collier JJ Abstract The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β leads to losses in functional β-cell mass in part by inducing the expression of genes that produce soluble mediators of inflammation, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2). In the current study, we sought to understand what factors control the COX2 gene in response to IL-1β and how prostaglandins downstream of COX2 impact pro-inflammatory gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells. We analyzed COX2 gene expression in response to different maneuvers impacting NF-κB proteins. Also, we report alterations in the expression of COX2, EP-3 and EP-4 receptor genes by PGD(2) and PGE(2). Moreover, we examined whether PGD(2) and PGE(2) regulated NF-κB and interferon-gamma activated sequence (GAS) reporter gene activity. ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514586 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514585&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889126%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li XL, Dou YC, Liu Y, Shi CW, Cao LL, Zhang XQ, Zhu J, Duan RS Abstract Statins have anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties. To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), an animal model of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), atorvastatin was administered to Lewis rats immunized with bovine peripheral myelin in complete Freund's adjuvant. We found that atorvastatin ameliorated the clinical symptoms of EAN, decreased the numbers of inflammatory cells as well as IFN-γ(+) and IL-17(+) cells in sciatic nerves, decreased the CD80 expression and increased the number of CD25(+)Foxp3(+) cells in mononuclear cells (MNC), and decreased the levels of IFN-γ in MNC culture supernatants. These data provide strong evidence that atorvastat... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514585 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514584&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889127%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zakharova LA, Khegai II, Sharova NP, Melnikova VI, Karpova YD, Astakhova TM, Popova NA, Ivanova LN Abstract Dynamics of the expression of MHC class I, immune proteasomes and proteasome regulators 19S, PA28, total proteasome pool and proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity in Walker 256 tumor after implantation into Brattleboro rats with the hereditary defect of arginine-vasopressin synthesis was studied. The tumor growth and regression in Brattleboro rats were accompanied by changes in the proteasome subunit level unlike the tumor growth in WAG rats with normal expression of arginine-vasopressin gene. In the tumor implanted into Brattleboro rats the immune proteasome level was maximal between days 14 and 17, when the tumor underwent regression. Conversely, the expression of ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514584 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514583&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889128%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Behera T, Swain P Abstract Calcium phosphate nanoparticles as an antigen/protein delivery was explored in a fish model Labeo rohita H. S-layer protein (of Aeromonas hydrophila) adsorbed on nano sized calcium phosphate particles elicited both innate and adaptive immune parameters which persisted up to 63 days of post immunization through parenteral immunization and gave cross protections. PMID: 21889128 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514583 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514582&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889129%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, multiple doses of CpG-matured DCs exhibited decreased anti-tumor immunity in association with increased expression of FoxP3. PMID: 21889129 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514582 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514581&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889130%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hackstein H, Knoche A, Nockher A, Poeling J, Kubin T, Jurk M, Vollmer J, Bein G Abstract Imidazoquinolone compounds, such as resiquimod are Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 ligands representing novel immune response modifiers undergoing clinical testing. Resiquimod has been reported to modulate conventional human monocyte-derived DC (moDC) differentiation, but the role of TLR7 and TLR8 is unclear. We directly dissected the TLR7- and TLR8-dependency by employing selective TLR7 ligands and resiquimod-coculture experiments with inhibitory oligonucleotides (iODN) suppressing TLR7, TLR7+8 or TLR7+8+9. Selective TLR7 ligands did not affect conventional moDC differentiation as analyzed by CD14/CD1a expression. iODN experiments confirmed that resiquimod's effects during DC differentia... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514581 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514580&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889131%26dopt%3DAbstract This study supports anti-allergic therapies involving stabilizing membrane CD23, or preventing shedding of soluble CD23. PMID: 21889131 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514580 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514579&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21903206%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tan C, Ramaswamy M, Shi G, Vistica BP, Siegel RM, Gery I Abstract Th1 cells are remarkably more susceptible to activation induced cell death than Th17. Here, we compared cultures of these two cell subpopulations for their expression of apoptosis-related molecules when re-exposed to their specific antigen. We also compared the expression of apoptosis-related molecules in the mouse eye with inflammation induced by Th1 or Th17 cells. Using qPCR we found that the mRNA transcript levels of the majority of tested apoptosis-related molecules were higher in the Th1 cultures, and in eyes with Th1-induced inflammation. Apoptotic intrinsic pathway molecules played minor roles in the processes in vitro or in vivo, whereas extrinsic pathway molecules, as well as PD-1, its ligands and T... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514579 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514578&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21903207%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we show that bryostatin-1 treatment enhances CD4+ T cell recognition of melanoma cells in the context of HLA class II molecules. We also show that bryostatin-1 treatment of melanoma cells increases class II protein levels by upregulating the class II transactivator (CIITA) gene. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopic analyses revealed that bryostatin-1 treatment upregulated the expression of costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) in melanoma cells, which could prolong the interaction of immune cells and tumors. Bryostatin-1 also induced cellular differentiation in melanoma cells, and reduced tumorigenic factors such as pro-cathepsins and matrix-metalloproteinase-9. These data suggest that bryostatin-1 could be used as a chemo-immunotherapeutic agent for reducing tumorigeni... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514578 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514577&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21907333%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows the changes of PD-1 expression levels and the demethylation status of the PD-1 promoter region in Molt-4 cells under different concentrations of 5-azacytidine (5-Zac). The result demonstrated that DNA demethylation at PD-1 promoter may contribute to PD-1 overexpression. PMID: 21907333 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514577 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514576&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21917242%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fries PN, Popowych YI, Guan le L, Griebel PJ Abstract Mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in discriminating between dietary antigens, commensal microflora and pathogens but little is known regarding age-related changes in mucosal DC populations. We analyzed lymphoid and myeloid populations within the epithelium and lamina propria (LP) of the ileum and jejunum of weaned calves (6 months old) and compared their frequency and distribution with newborn calves (3-5 weeks old). CD4, CD8 and γδ TcR T cells and CD11c(Hi)MHC Class II(+) myeloid cell frequency were significantly different when comparing ileum and jejunum of weaned calves. In particular, the number of CD8 and γδ TcR T cells, and CD11c(Hi)CD14(+) macrophages was significantly greater in the ileum but CD1... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514576 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514575&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21924707%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pliyev BK, Sumarokov AB, Buriachkovskaia LI, Menshikov M Abstract Inflammation in peripheral tissues is usually associated with local acidosis. In the present study, we demonstrate that extracellular acidification enhances GM-CSF- and IFN-γ-induced expression of HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86 in human neutrophils (neutrophil transdifferentiation), and potentiates antigen-capturing capacities (both endocytosis and phagocytosis) of the transdifferentiated cells. Furthermore, in acidic conditions the transdifferentiated neutrophils have stronger antigen-presenting capacity, inducing more intense proliferation of autologous T lymphocytes in the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Thus, extracellular acidosis can represent a factor that promotes neutrophil transdifferentiation an... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514575 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514574&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21924708%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: John CM, Sandrasaigaran P, Tong CK, Adam A, Ramasamy R Abstract The immunomodulatory activity of Cassia auriculata (CA)-derived polyphenols was tested on aged rats. Rats (24-26 months old) were given CA polyphenols supplementation at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg for 28 days. Flow cytometry analysis of CA polyphenols-treated aged rats showed increased T and B cells percentage along with enhanced proliferation of splenocytes in both resting and LPS-stimulated cells. Increased percentage of pan T cells is further supported by an elevation of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells. In terms of innate immune cell activity, CA polyphenol supplementation reduced the oxidative burst activity of neutrophils in response to PMA and Escherichia coli activation. Our results colle... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514574 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514573&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21937031%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhao LH, Ma ZX, Zhu J, Yu XH, Weng DP Abstract Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) was obtained by hot water extraction, alcohol precipitation, gel-permeation chromatography and ultrafiltration. Fluorescence material 2-aminoacridone (2-AMAC) labeled APS bind to macrophage in a time- dependent manner and the binding can be remarkably inhibited by APS. Furthermore, the effect of APS on RAW264.7 macrophage demonstrated APS increase the level of cytokines including TNF-α, GM-CSF and the production of NO. NF-κB protein levels are increased in response to APS. Blocking NF-κB with specific inhibitor resulted in decreased levels of NO and TNF-α. The results suggested that APS possess potent immunomodulatory activity by stimulating macrophage and could be used as an immunotherapeut... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514573 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514572&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21939961%26dopt%3DAbstract We report here identification of novel mimicry epitopes that bear sequences similar to those in cardiac myosin heavy chain (MYHC)-α 334-352. These epitopes represent Bacillus spp., Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense, Cryptococcus neoformans and Zea mays. The mimicry peptides induced varying degrees of myocarditis in A/J mice reminiscent of the disease induced with MYHC-α 334-352. We demonstrate that the mimics induce cross-reactive T cell responses for MYHC-α 334-352 as verified by MHC class II IA(k)/tetramer staining and Th-1 and Th-17 cytokines similar to those of MYHC-α 334-352. The data suggest that exposure to environmental microbes which are otherwise innocuous can predispose to heart autoimmunity by molecular mimicry. PMID: 21939961 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cell... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514572 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514571&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21943646%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang FC Abstract Our recent study demonstrated that a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt-dependent anti-inflammatory pathway was activated by Salmonella in intestinal epithelial cells. Salmonella virulence is dependent on the ability of the bacterium to invade nonphagocytic host cells and then survive and replicate within modified Salmonella-containing vacuoles where cholesterol accumulates. In addition, cholesterol in membrane lipid rafts is frequently a platform for the activation of downstream signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt pathway. However, the role of plasma membrane cholesterol in the Salmonella-induced anti-inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells has not been elucidated. Here, we show that the effect of plasma membrane cholesterol dep... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514571 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514570&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21943647%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Williams KM, Dotson AL, Otto AR, Kohlmeier JE, Benedict SH Abstract With antigen stimulation, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate to several effector or memory cell populations, and cytokines contribute to differentiation outcome. Several proteins on these cells receive costimulatory signals, but a systematic comparison of their differential effects on naïve T cell differentiation has not been conducted. Two costimulatory proteins, CD28 and ICAM-1, resident on human naïve CD4+ T cells were compared for participation in differentiation. Under controlled conditions, and with no added cytokines, costimulation through either CD3+CD28 or CD3+CAM-1 induced differentiation to T effector and T memory cells. In contrast, costimulation through CD3+ICAM-1 induced differentiation to T... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514570 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514569&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21944562%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we tested the effect of antibody binding to pSn on macrophage viability, phagocytosis of microspheres, uptake and processing of soluble antigens, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species production, MHC I and MHC II cell surface expression and cytokine production. This was done by treatment of porcine primary alveolar macrophages with the pSn-specific mAb 41D3, or an isotype-matched control mAb. No significant effect on most effector functions under study was observed, except for a significant reduction of phagocytosis. Thus, antibody binding to pSn can downregulate phagocytosis, which could have implications on homeostasis, infectious and immune diseases, and immunotherapy. PMID: 21944562 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514569 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100 5514569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514563&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169226%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chou WW, Wang YS, Chen KC, Wu JM, Liang CL, Juo SH Abstract Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation may cause the inflammation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and play a role in development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The activation of the complement factor B (CFB) gene has been shown to be involved in formation of AMD. Here our results revealed that UVB induces IL-6/STAT3 signaling activation and the UVB-induced STAT3 is able to regulate the CFB expression in ARPE-19 cells. Tannic acid (TA) is a kind of water-soluble polyphenol and may have anti-inflammation effects. We also found that TA attenuates the UVB-induced IL-6 protein production, the STAT3 phosphorylation and the CFB expression. Taken together, these findings suggest UVB-induced inflammation of RP... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514563 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514562&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169530%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we utilized a pharmacologic inhibitor that blocks T cell egress from the lymphoid tissues, antibiotics, and germ-free animals to examine the role of commensal and self antigens. The results suggest that T cell proliferation under lymphopenic conditions is a heterogeneous process triggered by both exogenous commensal and endogenous self antigens. PMID: 22169530 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514562 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514566&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138498%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simmons KB, Wubeshet M, Ames KT, McMahan CJ, Hale JS, Fink PJ Abstract TCR revision is a tolerance mechanism by which self-reactive TCRs expressed by mature CD4(+) peripheral T cells are replaced by receptors encoded by genes generated by post-thymic DNA rearrangement. The downmodulation of surface TCR expression initiates TCR revision, and serves as a likely trigger for the induction of the recombinase machinery. We show here in a Vβ5 transgenic mouse model system that downregulation of the self-reactive transgene-encoded TCR is not maintained by transgene loss or diminished transcription or translation. The downregulation of surface TCR expression likely occurs in two stages, only one of which requires tolerogen expression. PMID: 22138498 [PubMed - as supplied by pu... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514566 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514564&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138500%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to describe the vascular and cellular histopathological changes that occurred in post-mastectomy seroma in an animal model. Unilateral mastectomies were conducted on 45 female albino rabbits. On day seven, the skin flap and the underlying tissues of the mastectomy regions were dissected and processed for histopathological examination using immunohistochemical staining of the T- and B-lymphocytes and macrophages (CD3, CD20, and CD68 respectively), and the vascular endothelia. The post-mastectomy regions in the seroma group showed a large number of inflammatory cells and newly formed blood vessels that lost the integrity of their endothelial cell linings, as revealed by the von Willebrand factor staining, as well the basement membrane, as revealed by the histochemical stain.... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514564 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514561&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22172711%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we constructed lentiviral vector which could efficiently silenced the RelB in DCs (DCs-miR RelB) to keep them immature. These DCs induced antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in CD4(+) T(N)s. In contrast, upon re-stimulation with mature DCs, CD4(+) T(M)s primed by DCs-miR RelB maintained hyporesponsiveness in terms of proliferation and cytokine production. And these may be associated with micro155 and micro181a expression levels in T(M)s and T(N)s. These results may help developing the DCs-based therapeutical protocols by inducing hyporesponsiveness in CD4(+) T(N)s and T(M)s. PMID: 22172711 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514561 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514568&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22112982%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: He D, Yan G, Wang Y Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection involves various clinical states. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been identified as a crucial cytokine in the development of cellular immunity. But the association between HBV infection clinical states and cellular immunity response remains unclear. The aim was to explore the association by investigating serum levels of IL-12. Observed in acute hepatitis B, the highest serum levels of IL-12 was accompanied by HBeAg seroconversion. Serum levels of IL-12 was associated with alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and significant more in chronic hepatitis B patients with ALT over five times upper limit of normal and a minority of immune-tolerance patients than controls. Serum levels of IL-12 may be an available marker to ev... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514568 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5514568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514567&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22119482%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this in vitro study was to examine the immunomodulatory impact of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on the nature and magnitude of the leukocyte infiltrate in periodontal inflammation, particularly with regard to Th17 cells. PDL cells were challenged with pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-17A, and IFN-γ) and analyzed for the expression of cytokines involved in periodontal immunoinflammatory processes (IL-6, MIP-3 alpha, IL-23A, TGFß1, IDO, and CD274). In order to further investigate a direct involvement of PDL cells in leukocyte function, co-culture experiments were conducted. The expression of the immunomodulatory cytokines studied was significantly increased under pro-inflammatory conditions in PDL cells. Although PDL cells did not stimulate leukocyte prolife... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514567 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5514567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514565&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138499%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang H, Wu M, Liu Y Abstract Numerous reports have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are implicated in immuno-regulation. Several factors expressed from MSCs, especially indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), are of importance in immuno-regulation on immune cells. In current minireview, we provided evidences to support a novel notion that MSCs may be a major source of "safe signals" in the immune system to balance "dangerous signals" based on a well accepted theory of "danger model". Furthermore, MSCs are of lifecycle characterized by age-and diseased-related changes, such as decreased growth rate, increased senescence, and altered morphology. Thus, defected and abnormal MSCs are implicated in auto-immune diseases, such as systemic lupus eryt... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514565 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5514565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422958&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22082566%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rose K, Long P, Shankar M, Ballard JD, Webb CF Abstract Lethal toxin, a key virulence factor produced by Bacillus anthracis, induces cell death, in part by disrupting numerous signaling pathways, in mouse macrophages. However, exposure to sublethal doses of lethal toxin allows some cells to survive. Because these pro-survival signaling events occur within a few hours after exposure to sublethal doses, we hypothesized that acute phase proteins might influence macrophage survival. Our data show that serum amyloid A (SAA) is produced in response to lethal toxin treatment. Moreover, pre-treatment of macrophages with exogenous SAA protected macrophages from lethal toxin-mediated death. Exogenous SAA activated the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAP) kinase pathway, while ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422958 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5422958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422961&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22078319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Packiriswamy N, Parvataneni S, Parameswaran N Abstract G-protein coupled receptor kinase-5 (GRK5) is a recently described NFκB regulator in TLR4 signaling pathway. To determine whether the role of GRK5 is MyD88- or TRIF-dependent, we injected wild type and GRK5 knockout mice with Pam3CSK4 (MyD88-dependent TLR1/2 ligand) and Poly(I:C) (TRIF-dependent TLR3 ligand) and examined the in vivo systemic inflammatory response. Our results demonstrate that GRK5 regulates IL-12p40 and G-CSF via a mechanism that is common to both MyD88 and TRIF. However, GRK5 regulates IL-5 and MCP-1 in a MyD88-dependent but TNFα in a TRIF-dependent manner. Together, our results demonstrate multiple roles of GRK5 in TLR signaling. PMID: 22078319 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellu... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422961 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5422961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422959&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22082565%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to investigate whether Th17 cells were involved in the development of esophageal cancer. We found that the proportion of Th17 cells increased within the peripheral blood and tumor tissues of esophageal cancer patients. Furthermore, the proportion of circulating Th17 cells was higher in advanced esophageal cancer patients than that in early esophageal cancer patients. In addition, the Th17 cells differentiation-related cytokines (IL-23, IL-1β, and IL-6) and accumulation-related chemokines (CCL22 and CCL20) were present in a tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the findings may partly explain the cause for the increased proportion of Th17 cells and indicate a potential prognostic marker of Th17 cells in esophageal cancer. PMID: 22082565 [PubMed - as supplied by pub... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422959 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5422959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422957&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22082567%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rodríguez LS, Narváez CF, Rojas OL, Franco MA, Angel J Abstract We have previously shown that human myeloid dendritic cells treated with purified rotavirus induce an allogenic Th1 response. To determine if rotavirus in the context of an intestinal microenvironment modulates the function of dendritic cells, we treated these cells with supernatants from non-infected or infected Caco-2 cells and studied their capacity to promote Th1 or Th2 responses. Dendritic cells treated with supernatants from rotavirus-infected Caco-2 cells promoted a significantly lower Th1 response, in comparison with those treated with purified rotavirus. We wanted to establish if TGF-β1, induced, or TSLP, not induced, during rotavirus infection, could mediate this effect. Neutralization of TGF-β b... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422957 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5422957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422956&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22082568%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Radke L, López Hemmerling DA, Lubitz A, Giese C, Frohme M Abstract The immune system is regulated by the complex interaction of multiple cytokines, which are secreted signaling molecules affecting other cells. In this work, we studied the cytokine response to several well-known stimulants, such as OKT-3, Con A, PWM, and SEB. Healthy donor cells (PBMCs) were cultivated for up to 72h and the mRNA levels and cytokine release of four key cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) were analyzed by RT-PCR and bead-based multiplex analyses. The generated cytokine profiles showed characteristic expression patterns and secretion kinetics for each cytokine and substance. PWM/SEB and OKT-3 led to a very fast and long-lasting immune response, whereas Con A induced the slowest cytokin... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422956 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5422956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422963&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22078270%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jackson LJ, Pheneger JA, Pheneger TJ, Davis G, Wright AD, Robinson JE, Allen S, Munson MC, Carter LL Abstract PIM kinases are a family of three serine/threonine kinases expressed following T cell activation. Using potent selective small molecule antagonists of PIM-1/3 kinases, we demonstrate a potential role for these enzymes in naïve and effector CD4+ T cell activation. PIM-1/3 inhibition prevented CD4+ T cell proliferation by inducing a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest without affecting cellular survival. In the absence of PIM-1/3 kinase activity, naïve CD4+ T cells failed to fully differentiate into effector cells both in vitro and in vivo. Therapeutic dosing of a PIM-1/3 inhibitor was efficacious in a CD4+ T cell-mediated model of inflammatory bowel disease suggesting that PI... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422963 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5422963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422960&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22078320%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the effect of in vitro culture and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation on PBMC lymphocyte subsets using flowcytometry. Full blood counts of whole blood showed higher levels of lymphocyte in male subjects. Lymphocyte subsets enumeration revealed higher NK cell counts in males and higher B cells in females. Cultured PBMC resulted in significant increases in B and total T cell percentages among females and NK cells among males. PHA stimulated significantly increased percentages of NK and total T cells in males and total activated T cells (CD69+) in females. Our results showed significant gender differences in lymphocyte subsets in cultured conditions. This may affect experimental outcome. PMID: 22078320 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422960 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5422960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422955&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22088941%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Egunsola AT, Zawislak CL, Akuffo AA, Chalmers SA, Ewer JC, Vail CM, Lombardo JC, Perez DN, Kurt RA Abstract Previously we reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of murine mammary carcinomas resulted in decreased growth of the tumors. Here we show the decreased growth following LPS treatment was mediated through effects downstream of TLR4 and Myd88. Perhaps more notably, simply reducing TLR4 or Myd88 levels was sufficient to slow tumor growth rates. Moreover, reduced levels of Myd88 correlated with a significant reduction in lung metastasis as well as decreased CCL2 and CCL5 expression. To determine whether inhibiting Myd88 function could also alter tumor growth and chemokine expression we used a Myd88 homodimerization inhibitory peptide. Indeed, inhibiting Myd88 ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422955 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5422955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422964&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22078269%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Konowalchuk JD, Agrawal B Abstract MUC1 mucin, an important protein of epithelial cells and epithelial-derived carcinomas, is also expressed on activated T cells, showing both positive and negative regulatory functions. It is currently unknown whether MUC1 is a true regulatory protein of T cells and what conditions lead to MUC1 co-stimulation versus co-inhibition. We have found that MUC1 is expressed on the majority of T-regulatory cells (CD4(+)/CD25(+)/FoxP3(+)) in humans (>90%) and that CD3/MUC1 co-stimulation leads to an increased number of T-regulatory cells. We also discovered that the immunoregulatory function is dependent upon the number of accessory (CD3(-)) cells present, with co-inhibition occurring with <5-10% accessory cells while co-stimulation begins wi... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422964 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5422964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422962&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22078318%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reshetnikova ES, Mechetina LV, Volkova OY, Guselnikov SV, Chikaev NA, Kövesdi D, Alabyev B, Sármay G, Burrows PD, Najakshin AM, Taranin AV Abstract FCRLA is an intracellular B cell protein that belongs to the FcR-like family. Using newly generated FCRLA-specific antibodies, we studied the constitutive expression pattern of mouse FCRLA and monitored changes during an immune response and following in vitro B cell activation. All B cell subpopulations examined expressed FCRLA. However, the level of FCRLA expression is determined by the stage of B cell differentiation. Low expression of FCRLA is characteristic of naïve follicular and marginal zone B cells. High expression was detected in a small fraction of activated B cells scattered along migratory pathways in the lymphoi... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422962 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5422962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422965&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070874%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumar R, Tripathi V, Ahmad M, Nath N, Mir RA, Chauhan SS, Luthra K Abstract Chemokine receptors CXCR7 and CXCR4 bind to the same ligand stromal cell derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1α/CXCL12). We assessed the downstream signaling pathways mediated by CXCL12-CXCR7 interaction in Jurkat T cells. All experiments were carried out after functionally blocking the CXCR4 receptor. CXCL12, on binding CXCR7, induced phosphorylation of extra cellular regulated protein kinases (ERK 1/2) and Akt. Selective inhibition of each signal demonstrated that phosphorylated ERK 1/2 is essential for chemotaxis and survival of T cells whereas activation of Akt promotes only cell survival. Another interesting finding of this study is that CXCL12-CXCR7 interaction under normal physiological conditions d... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422965 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5422965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330755&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21570062%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we have designed and synthesized novel ORNs with varying sequence compositions and chemical modifications, which selectively act as agonists of TLR8 or dual agonists of TLR7 and TLR8. PMID: 21570062 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330755 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330754&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21571261%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramírez-Agudelo ME, Caro AC, Jaramillo CA, Rojas M Abstract The blockade of sPLA-2, as well as the removal of calcium during the infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, prevents necrosis in mononuclear phagocytes. In addition, previous evidence indicates that the necrosis is modulated by cytokines and may condition the inflammatory environment. The production of cytokines and chemokines in response to infection with M. tuberculosis, fatty acid profile and the lactate dehydrogenase activity in mononuclear phagocytes from tuberculosis patients and healthy controls were interrelated using a principal component analysis in order to establish whether there was an association between the induction and effector stages of necrosis with the production of cytokines and chemokine... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330754 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330753&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21601837%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we observed that the kinase, GSK-3β, is present in its active form in resting immature DCs isolated from the spleen and bone marrow of mice. Induction of DC maturation using GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-α resulted in GSK-3β inhibition, as reflected by increased phosphorylation of Serine 9 on the kinase, and concomitant stabilization of its substrate, β-catenin. Treatment of immature DCs with a GSK-3β inhibitor increased cell surface expression of CD80, CD86 and CD40 on DCs, enhancing their ability to present antigen and activating IL-2 secretion by T cells. GSK-3β inhibition also parallels dendritic cell maturation in vivo. Our results show that GSK-3β signaling controls DC maturation and suggest that this kinase could be manipulated to modulate adaptive immunity. PMID: 2... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330753 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330752&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21620385%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Skuljec J, Sun H, Pul R, Bénardais K, Ragancokova D, Moharregh-Khiabani D, Kotsiari A, Trebst C, Stangel M Abstract The chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR2 have been found to be expressed on microglia in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. There is emerging evidence that chemokines, besides chemoattraction, might directly modulate reactive profiles of microglia. To address this hypothesis we have investigated the effects of CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL1 on cytokine and growth factor production, NO synthesis, and phagocytosis in non-stimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated primary rat microglia. The respective receptors CCR1, CCR5, and CXCR2 were shown to be functionally expressed on microglia. All tested... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330752 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330751&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21621198%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Owen JL, Criscitiello MF, Libreros S, Garcia-Areas R, Guthrie K, Torroella-Kouri M, Iragavarapu-Charyulu V Abstract Chemokines and their receptors have been studied in several solid tumor models as mediators of inflammation. In turn, inflammation has been implicated in the promotion and progression of tumors, and as such, chemokines have been proposed as novel molecular targets for chemotherapy. While the expression of these molecules has been described in tumor cells, endothelial cells, macrophages and neutrophils, less attention has been paid to the expression profile of these molecules by T lymphocytes in the periphery or infiltrating the tumor. Using the D1-DMBA-3 murine mammary adenocarcinoma model, we aimed to better characterize the differential expression of chemok... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330751 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330750&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21628060%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we found that the mRNA and protein expression levels of toll-like receptor (TLR)1, TLR3, and TLR8 were notably up-regulated in a mouse macrophage-like cell line (RAW264.7) stably expressing Aire, while the expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, and TLR9 were not significantly changed. In addition, the mRNA expression of TLR3 and TLR8 were significantly increased in primary peritoneal macrophages transiently transfected with Aire. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and a luciferase activity assay, we also found that Aire interacted with the TLR1, TLR3, and TLR8 promoters and increased the luciferase transcriptional activity of these promoters in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, after stimulation by Pam(3)CSK(4), a TLR1 ligand, and poly(I:C), a TLR3 ligand, we found that the mR... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330750 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330749&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21636079%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we found that particulate yeast-derived β-glucans could induce the maturation of murine dendritic cell line D2SC/1 cells and increase the expression of mGITRL on D2SC/1 cells via Dectin-1/Syk pathway in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the increased mGITRL on D2SC/1 cells could impair the suppressive activity of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and enhance the proliferation of CD4(+)CD25(-) effector T cells (Teffs). These findings suggest that particulate β-glucan can be used as immunomodulator to stimulate potent T cell-mediated adaptive immunity while down-regulate immune suppressive activity, leading to a more efficient defense mechanism against tumor development or infectious diseases. PMID: 21636079 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330749 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330748&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21636080%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dourado LP, Noviello Mde L, Alvarenga DM, Menezes Z, Perez DA, Batista NV, Menezes GB, Ferreira AV, de Souza Dda G, Cara DC Abstract To investigate the consequences of food allergy in adipose tissue and metabolism, we used a murine model in which mice have been sensitized subcutaneously with ovalbumin and further received antigen-containing diet. Allergic mice presented a significant weight loss 7 days after oral challenge with a concomitant decrease in epididymal adipose tissue mass. This decrease was associated with increased lipolysis and local inflammation. In adipose tissue of allergic mice there were increased leukocyte rolling and adhesion in the microvasculature, increased number of leukocytes in the tissue, especially macrophages (F4/80(+) cells) and increased pro... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330748 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330747&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21641588%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mkrtichyan M, Ghochikyan A, Davtyan H, Movsesyan N, Loukinov D, Lobanenkov V, Cribbs DH, Laust AK, Nelson EL, Agadjanyan MG Abstract Here, we analyze for the first time the immunological and therapeutic efficacy of a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine based on a cancer-testis antigen, Brother of regulator of imprinted sites (BORIS), an epigenetically acting tumor-promoting transcription factor. Vaccination of mice with DC loaded with truncated form of BORIS (DC/mBORIS) after 4T1 mammary tumor implantation induced strong anti-cancer immunity, inhibited tumor growth (18.75% of mice remained tumor-free), and dramatically lowered the number of spontaneous clonogenic metastases (50% of mice remained metastases-free). Higher numbers of immune effector CD4 and CD8 T cells infiltrated th... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330747 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330746&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21679933%26dopt%3DAbstract This study describes the role of "inflammatory" oxidized (Ox) phospholipids in regulation of rahU (PA0122) expression and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (383) wild type (rahU(+)) and rahU mutant (rahU(-)) strains. Functional analysis of RahU protein from P. aeruginosa in presence of Ox-phospholipids show: (a) LysoPC modulates RahU gene/and protein expression in rahU(+) cells; (b) rahU promoter activity is increased by lysoPC and inhibited by PAPC, Ox-PAPC and arachidonic acid; the latter inhibitory effect can be reversed by lysoPC, which was enzymatically derived from PAPC; (c) biofilm formation increased in rahU(-) cells as compared to rahU(+); and (d) inhibition of rahU promoter activity by PAPC and AA (but not lysoPC) showed significantly augmented biofilm formation in rahU... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330746 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330745&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21683946%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee YS, Choi EM Abstract Apocynin is a naturally occurring methoxy-substituted catechol, experimentally used as an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase. In the present study, the effect of apocynin on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was studied. Apocynin caused a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and mineralization in the cells (P<0.05). Antimycin A (AMA), which inhibits complex III of the electron transport system, has been used as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator in biological systems. We exposed cultured osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells to AMA with or without pretreatment with apocynin. Apocynin significantly (P<0.05) increased cell survival, calcium deposition, and osteoprotegerin release and decreased the produ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330745 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330744&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21700275%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raicevic G, Najar M, Stamatopoulos B, De Bruyn C, Meuleman N, Bron D, Toungouz M, Lagneaux L Abstract Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can be expanded from different sources. We compared the influence of inflammation and TLR ligation on the phenotype and function of MSC derived from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), and Wharton's jelly (WJ). WJ-MSC were featured by a lack of TLR4 expression. While inflammation upregulated TLR3 in all three MSC types, TLR4 upregulation was observed only on BM-MSC. TLR ligation increased the production of inflammatory cytokines in BM- and AT-MSC but not in WJ-MSC and augmented anti-inflammatory cytokines in AT-MSC. Although inflammation increased in all MSC types the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, additional TLR triggering did not ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330744 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330743&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21703600%26dopt%3DAbstract This study determined the expression level of nine receptors involved in Aspergillus immune response as well as the values of phagocytosis and production of radical oxygen species after Aspergillus stimulation, in a healthy adult population. The expression values of the CD11b, CD11c, CD14, CD18, CD35, CD181, CD182, CD282 and CD284 receptors on peripheral human monocytes and granulocytes was established. A heterogenous expression of the CD282 on granulocytes was observed as CD181, CD182 and CD284 on monocytes. Similarly, we observed considerable variation in the expression of these receptors over time. Only CD282 on granulocytes varied with sex. No variation with age was observed. Adherence of Aspergillus conidia to phagocytes was dependent of individual, sex, age and time. A better charact... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330743 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330742&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21704311%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rao J, Elliott MR, Leitinger N, Jensen RV, Goldberg JB, Amin AR Abstract The aim of this study was to define the functional role of a recently identified RahU protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in macrophages and its role in bacterial defense. Recombinant (r)-RahU had no significant effect on cell apoptosis or cell viability in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Gene expression array of murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) stimulated with LPS showed modulation of common transcripts (by r-RahU and predisone) involved in inflammation. Functional cellular analysis showed RAW cells incubated with r-RahU at 1.0-10 μg/ml (0.06-0.6 μM) inhibited accumulation of nitric oxide (NO) in the presence of LPS by 10-50%. The IC(50) of r-RahU (0.6 μM) was distinct from the known inhibitors of... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330742 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330741&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21741036%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim YJ, Han SH, Kang HW, Lee JM, Kim YS, Seo JH, Seong YK, Ko HJ, Choi TH, Moon C, Kang CY Abstract We had previously shown that activated NKT cells licensed B cells to be immunogenic antigen-presenting cells and helped to elicit a wide spectrum of cancer targeted immune responses. In the current study, we sought to verify the safety of αGalCer-loaded, and adenovirus-transduced B cell-based vaccines, together with mechanism of action. Intravenously injected αGalCer-loaded, antigen-expressing B cells rapidly localized in the spleen and directly primed CD8(+) T cells in an antigen-specific manner. The transferred antigen was sustained for at least 30 days. While some injected B cells produced nonspecific IgG, the antigen-specific IgG response was completely dependent on en... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330741 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:30:03 +0100 5330741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298689&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21600570%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mundy-Bosse BL, Thornton LM, Yang HC, Andersen BL, Carson WE Abstract Our group has shown in a randomized clinical trial that psychological intervention to reduce stress in patients with stages II and III breast cancer led to enhanced immune function, fewer recurrences and improved overall survival. We hypothesized that patients with high levels of stress would have alterations in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) compared to patients with lower stress. PBMC from 16 patients with high stress (n = 8) or with low stress (n = 8) after surgery as measured by the Impact of Event Scale (IES) questionnaire were evaluated for the presence of MDSC. Patients with higher IES scores had significantly elevated salivary cortisol levels (P = 0.013; 13 μg/dl vs. 9.74 μg/dl). Level... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298689 Sun, 09 Oct 2011 18:20:02 +0100 5298689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298688&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21600571%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the effects of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of gold kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) or green kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) using in vitro models of IBD. These models comprised primary macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells isolated from C57BL/5J and interleukin-10 gene deficient (Il10(-/-)) mice and RAW 264.7, a murine macrophage-like cell line. All four kiwifruit extracts reduced the activation of these models after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, decreasing nitric oxide and cytokine secretion by both Il10(-/-) and wild-type cells. The ethyl acetate extracts exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity, with almost complete suppression of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage activation. These results suggest that kiwifruit extracts have significant... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298688 Sun, 09 Oct 2011 18:20:02 +0100 5298688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298687&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21601836%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether a synthetic retinoid Am80 prevented the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in iodide-treated nonobese diabetic mice, an animal model of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Am80 (0, 0.1 or 1 mg/kg/day) was orally administered in feed during the 8-week iodide treatment. While iodide ingestion effectively induced thyroiditis, Am80 administration failed to interfere with thyroiditis development and serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody levels regardless of the dose of the retinoid. Splenic T cell numbers, splenocyte proliferation and interferon-γ production were decreased in the Am80-treated mice. Our data suggest that Am80 is not a candidate for use in the prevention of HT. PMID: 21601836 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298687 Sun, 09 Oct 2011 18:20:02 +0100 5298687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298686&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21640985%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we systematically reviewed the correlation between Tregs and transplant outcomes, identifying if Tregs can predict transplant rejection and tolerance. A total of 22 articles were included and assessed, the results showed that Tregs in recipients are helpful to maintain a stable graft function, reduce acute/chronic rejection rate. And the Tregs in graft and urine, rather than in PBL, may have a better diagnostic value for transplant outcomes. However, since the low quality of included studies, results may be influenced by bias. More high quality studies with bigger sample size are still needed in future. PMID: 21640985 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298686 Sun, 09 Oct 2011 18:20:02 +0100 5298686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298685&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21974958%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li J, Loveland BE, Xing PX Abstract Pim-1 is an important signaling molecule mediating cell proliferation and survival. Our previous study identified a Pim-1 specific monoclonal antibody, P9, with significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. Herein, we report that P9 inhibited the activation and proliferation of PHA-stimulated human PBMC and induced them to undergo apoptosis. In contrast, P9 showed little effect on freshly isolated human blood T lymphocytes which poorly expressed Pim-1. P9 also detected an up-regulation of Pim-1 in mouse lymphocytes after mitogen stimulation, and showed similar selective inhibition on stimulated cells as observed with hPBMC. Furthermore, P9 inhibited the in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction and P9 treatment significantly prolonged th... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298685 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298684&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978649%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we demonstrate that human CD8(+) T cells also vary widely in their ability to secrete IFNγ within 15h of either Listeria infection or cytokine stimulation. The magnitude of the rapid IFNγ response correlated more closely with the intrinsic responsiveness of the T cells to cytokine stimulation rather than the amount of IL-12 produced. CD8(+) T cells from 2 out of 16 blood donors (12.5%) failed to generate a significant IFNγ response. These results demonstrate that bystander activation of CD8(+) T cells varies among individuals and validate further study of the differential responses observed using BALB/c vs. C57BL/6 mice. PMID: 21978649 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298684 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282104&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21945418%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrate that over-expression of megsin induced incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine in MCs and PDGF-BB, TGF-β1 upregulation. Concentrations of PDGF-BB, TGF-β1 and type IV collagen in the culture medium of MCs transfected with megsin were higher than controls. Anti-PDGF-BB suppressed incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine in MCs transfected with megsin and mRNA expression of TGF-β1 in stable transformant MCs, suggesting that over-expression of megsin induces cell proliferation and ECM accumulation in MCs, upregulation of PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 is probably the main route involved in pathogenesis. PMID: 21945418 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282104 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282105&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21944563%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Endo S, Hochman DJ, Midoro-Horiuti T, Goldblum RM, Brooks EG Abstract Cedar pollens cause severe allergic disease throughout the world. We have previously characterized allergenic pollen glycoproteins from mountain cedar (Juniperus ashei) that bind to allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). In the present report, we investigated an alternative pathway of mast cell activation by mountain cedar pollen extract through IgE-independent mechanisms. We show that mountain cedar pollen directly induces mast cell serotonin and IL-4 release and enhances release induced by IgE cross-linking. Concomitant with mediator release, high levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated, and both ROS and serotonin release were inhibited by anti-oxidants. These findings s... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282105 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5178654&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21570063%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the effect of the 14 kDa protein isolated from aged garlic extract (AGE) was investigated on maturation and immunomodulatory activity of dendritic cells (DC). Proteins were purified from AGE by biochemical method; the semi-purified 14 kDa protein was run on gel filtration Sephadex G50 and its purity was checked by SDS-PAGE. DC were isolated from spleen of BALB/c mice by Nycodenz centrifugation and their adhesiveness to plastic dish. 14 kDa protein from AGE was added to overnight culture of DC medium and the expression percentage of CD40, CD86, and MHC-II was evaluated by flowcytometric analysis. Also, proliferation of T-cells was measured by allogenic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) test. The purified 14 kDa protein isolated from AGE increased the expression of CD40 molecule... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5178654 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 00:20:03 +0100 5178654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5178653&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21570064%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we investigated their role in human defense against the varicella zoster virus. We observed decreased numbers of iNKT cells in patients who failed to control latent varicella zoster virus infection, e.g. underwent several reactivations of the virus. The residual population of iNKT cells expressed significantly higher levels of inhibitory receptor CD158a that was further up-regulated in the course of acute viral infection. Both of these abnormalities might contribute to impaired control of varicella zoster virus in human. PMID: 21570064 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5178653 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 00:20:03 +0100 5178653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5178652&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21570677%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, Lewis X oligosaccharides-heparanase complex was prepared, which can target to the dendritic cells (DCs) via dendritic cell-specific intercellular-adhesion-molecule-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN). In addition, the DCs were loaded with the complex, and then were utilized to immunize mice to detect the immune response. Our data demonstrated that the modified DCs could enhance the specific IFN-γ production and cytotoxic T cell response. Furthermore, the modified DCs could also significantly suppress the established tumor growth and prolong the life span of tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, the Lewis X oligosaccharides-heparanase complex might be regarded as an ideal vaccine, and represent a novel way for the therapeutical strategy of tumor. PMID: 21570677 [PubMed - indexed fo... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5178652 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 00:20:03 +0100 5178652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5178651&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21570678%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: We have showed for the first time alterations of Th17 cell phenotype in HNSCC patients. PMID: 21570678 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5178651 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 00:20:03 +0100 5178651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5178628&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21571262%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ciaramella A, Spalletta G, Bizzoni F, Salani F, Caltagirone C, Bossù P Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are central in regulating both innate and acquired immunity, but their possible age-related functional modifications are still unclear. Here we have analyzed the effect of age on LPS-treated monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs). A negative correlation between age and cell expression of ICAM-1, CD25 and IL-10 was observed in a group of healthy donors. This has been confirmed by a significantly reduced expression of the same molecules in cells of subgrouped elderly versus younger individuals. On the contrary, a positive correlation between age and cell expression of IL-6 and IL-18 has been reported in all the subjects and further supported by a significant increase of the two pro-i... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5178628 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 00:20:03 +0100 5178628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5178627&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21872224%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sweeney SE Abstract The type I interferon (IFN) response plays a critical role in autoimmunity and is induced by innate receptor ligation and activation of IFN-regulatory factors (IRF). The present study investigated the roles and functional hierarchy of IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7 in expression of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases in human THP1 monocytic cells. Targeted IRF knockdown was followed by evaluation of gene expression, promoter activation, and mRNA stability to determine the role of IRF as potential targets for modulating IFN responses in patients with autoimmune diseases. IRF played a distinct role in regulation of type I IFN gene expression in human monocytic cells and specifically regulated gene expression through the IFN-stimulated response elem... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5178627 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5178627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5178626&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21872225%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-IFN-alpha autoantibodies in healthy Egyptian blood donors. The study included 558 (100 females (17.92%) and 458 males (82.08%)) Egyptian healthy blood donors who showed normal levels of liver enzymes and kidney tests and were conformed negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies (Abs), HIV-1/2 Abs, anti-HBc and Treponema Abs. Autoantibody against IFN-alpha-1a and IFN-alpha-2b were screened using ELISA. Anti-IFN-alpha-1a positive cases were found to be 43 subject (7.76%; 6 females (1.08%); 37 males (6.68%)) and anti-IFN-alpha-2b positive cases were found to be 3 (0.54%; all males). Combined positivity against both IFN-alpha-1a and IFN-alpha-2b was 38 (6.86%; 7 females (1.26%) and 31 males (6.60%)).... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5178626 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5178626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5178625&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21872226%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dettin M, Ghezzo F, Conconi MT, Urbani L, D'Auria G, Falcigno L, Guidolin D, Nico B, Ribatti D, Di Bello C, Parnigotto PP Abstract Thymosin-β4 (Tβ4) is a G-actin sequestering peptide involved in regeneration and remodeling of injured tissues. In this work, we have designed and synthesized three peptide sequences containing the N-terminus (TYB4-n), the central part (TYB4-i) or the C-terminus (TYB4-c) of Tβ4. All fragments are overlapping on the main central binding actin site. After a structural characterization, we have evaluated in vitro and in vivo their pro-angiogenic effects. The results of this study have shown that: (i) each fragment reproduces the native conformation; (ii) Tβ4-derived peptides exert both in vitro and in vivo pro-angiogenic effects; (iii) their i... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5178625 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5178625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157640&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21855057%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aachoui Y, Schulte ML, Fitch RW, Ghosh SK Abstract Terpenoids are ubiquitous natural compounds that have been shown to improve vaccine efficacy as adjuvants. To gain an understanding of the structural features important for adjuvanticity, we studied compounds derived from a diterpene phytol and assessed their efficacy. In a previous report, we showed that phytol and one of its derivatives, PHIS-01 (a phytol-derived immunostimulant, phytanol), are excellent adjuvants. To determine the effects of varying the polar terminus of PHIS-01, we designed amine and mannose-terminated phytol derivatives (PHIS-02 and PHIS-03, respectively). We studied their relative efficacy as emulsions with soluble proteins, ovalbumin, and a hapten-protein conjugate phthalate-KLH. Immunological param... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157640 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157639&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21861992%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we developed a flow cytometric assay for the detection of peripheral blood AChR-specific B cells to characterize B cell phenotypes associated with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Alexa-conjugated AChR was used as a probe for AChR-specific B cells (B220+Ig+). Mice with EAMG had significantly elevated frequencies of AChR-specific IgG2+ and IgM+ B cells. While the frequencies of IgG2+ B cells and plasma anti-AChR IgG2 levels significantly correlated with the clinical grades of EAMG, the frequencies of IgM+ B cells and plasma anti-AChR IgM levels did not. These results indicate that the frequency of AChR-specific and IgG1+ (mouse IgG2 equivalent) peripheral blood B cells and anti-AChR IgG1 levels could be potential biomarkers for MG disease severity. PMID: ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157639 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141946&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21839428%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we demonstrate they are bona fide memory T cells as characterized by surface marker expression, cytokine production, homeostatic proliferation, and ability to clear a secondary challenge of pathogen. Loss of both Bim and Fas also increased the number of virus-specific CD4(+) T cells found in the lymph nodes compared to the parental genotypes or wildtype mice. These studies illustrate that decreasing apoptosis increases the number of memory T cells and therefore could increase the efficacy of vaccines. PMID: 21839428 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141946 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141945&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21843881%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martina JA, Wu XS, Catalfamo M, Sakamoto T, Yi C, Hammer JA Abstract Here we imaged the exocytosis of lytic granules from human CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes using rapid total internal reflection microscopy, Lamp-1 tagged with mGFP to follow the fate of the lytic granule membrane, and granzyme A, granzyme B or serglycin tagged with mRFP to follow the fate of lytic granule cargo. Lytic granules were released by full fusion with the plasma membrane, such that the entire granule content for all three cargos visualized was released on a subsecond time scale. The behavior of GFP-Lamp-1 was, however, more complex. While it entered the plasma membrane in all cases, the extent to which it then diffused away from the site of exocytosis varied from nearly complete to highly restric... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141945 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141947&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21839427%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tan SW, Ramasamy R, Abdullah M, Vidyadaran S Abstract Anti-inflammatory actions of the vitamin E fragment tocotrienol have not been described for microglia. Here, we screened palm α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienol isoforms and Tocomin® 50% (contains spectrum of tocotrienols and tocopherols) for their ability to limit nitric oxide (NO) production by BV2 microglia. Microglia were treated with varying doses of tocotrienols for 24h and stimulated with 1μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS). All tocotrienol isoforms reduced NO release by LPS-stimulated microglia, with 50μM being the most potent tocotrienol dose. Of the isoforms tested, δ-tocotrienol lowered NO levels the most, reducing NO by approximately 50% at 48h post-LPS treatment (p<.05). None of the tocotrienol doses tested aff... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141947 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106070&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21807362%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, CD4(+) T helper lymphocytes from T1D patients produce normal levels of the immunoregulator galectin-1 but its reduced synthesis by monocytes helps to maintain a skewed pro-inflammatory response. PMID: 21807362 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106070 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106072&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21802664%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tu Z, Hamalainen-Laanaya HK, Crispe IN, Orloff MS Natural killer (NK) cells are a component of innate immunity against viral infections through their rapid cytotoxic activity and cytokine production. However, intra-hepatic NK cells' ability to respond to virus is still mostly unknown. Our results show that the synthetic dsRNA polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a mimic of a common product of viral infections, activates NK cells directly in the context of cytokines found in the liver, i.e.: poly I:C plus inflammatory cytokines (IL-18, IL-12, and IL-2) induced NK cell IFN-γ production and TRAIL expression, and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10) inhibit NK cell IFN-γ production. Neutralization of IFN-γ blocks poly I:C plus inflammatory cytokines-induced NK ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106072 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106068&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21813117%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated changes in receptor expression with individual and combinational analysis on NK cell subsets in HIV-infected Chinese. The results showed that natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) expression on total NK cells decreased significantly in HIV infection, while the expressions of natural killer group 2 member A (NKG2A) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, long cytoplasmic tail 1 (KIR3DL1) on total NK cells were not significantly different between any of the groups including HIV-positive treatment-naïve group, AIDS treatment-naïve group, HAART-treatment AIDS group and HIV-negative control group. Individual analysis of NKG2A(+) and KIR3DL1(+) cells revealed no significant differences in expression in any NK cell subsets between any of the... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106068 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106071&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21802665%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu WD, Zhang YJ, Zhou M, Peng H, Liu SS, Ye DQ PMID: 21802665 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106071 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106069&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21813116%26dopt%3DAbstract We report here that the phytol derivatives had a significant time-dependent impact on the host chemokine-cytokine microenvironment and subsequently on specific humoral responses. Moreover, the inclusion of protein immunogens induced further changes in host microenvironments, including rapid (<2h) expression of cytokines and chemotactic factors (IL-6, MCP-1, KC, MIP-1, and LIX), implying mobilization and activation of neutrophils, and monocytes. PHIS-01 proved to be the most effective in this regard. Inflammatory cytokine cascades were dominant even after 24h possibly to facilitate involvement of the acquired immune system with the release of B-lymphocyte chemo-attractant BLC, T-cell activation-3 chemokines TCA, IL-4, IL-12, and TIMP-1. We also noted enhanced expression of NLRP genes inc... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106069 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058811&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21763644%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Loza MJ, Shane Anderson A, O'Rourke KS, Wood J, Khan IU Regulatory T cells (T(regs)) are critical for maintenance of peripheral tolerance via suppression of T-cell responses, and absence of T(regs) results in autoimmunity. The role of aberrations in the T(reg) pool for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) remains uncertain. T(reg)-mediated generation of adenosine, dependent on the ectonucleotidase CD39, is an important mechanism for suppression of T-cell responses. We tested whether decreases in numbers of T(regs), and specifically CD39-expressing T(regs), are associated with human lupus. We studied 15 SLE patients, six patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 24 healthy controls. T(reg) phenotypic markers, including CD39 expression, were studied by ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058811 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058807&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21777909%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hussein YM, Mohamed RH, Pasha HF, El-Shahawy EE, Alzahrani SS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder associated with altered expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We aim to elucidate the association between the -308G/A polymorphism of the TNF-α gene and 196M/R polymorphism in TNFRII gene and susceptibility and severity of RA. One hundred and seventy-two RA patients and one hundred and sixty controls were enrolled in the study. Polymorphisms (SNPs) at position -308 of TNF and -196 of TNFRII genes were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP). TNF AA genotype was more prevalent among the patients. GG genotype was significantly more likely to have erosive arthropathy. TNFRII RR genotype was more preval... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058807 Tue, 28 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058810&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21764046%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stock C, Riethmuller C To invade a tissue, leukocytes have to overcome the endothelial barrier. Prior to trans-endothelial migration, leukocytes move laterally on the endothelial surface-searching for an emigration site. It is still unclear, how the actual diapedesis step is initiated and whether the endothelium has a decisive role. Here, video-microscopy was employed to investigate, whether lateral migration of leukocytes is correlated to their diapedesis rate. To address the contribution of each cell type, selective stimulation of either leukocytes or endothelial cells with TNFα was performed. Stimulation of endothelial cells alone was sufficient for maximal effects, thereby underlining their decisive role for leukocyte diapedesis. Concomitant to the TNFα-enhanced diapedes... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058810 Sat, 25 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058806&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21777910%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haddad JJ, Abdel-Karim NE As fascinating a molecule as it can potentially get, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a regulatory transcription factor, is as intriguing. NF-κB is a dimeric complex that controls the transcription of essential genes. NF-κB is involved in a variety of responses that play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response to inflammation, infection, and nociception. Aberrant regulation of NF-κB has been linked to certain conditions such as cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune responses. Cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms and pathways involving the regulation of this transcription factor are being unraveled. Therapeutic approaches have emerged underlying the regulatory impact of oligonuc... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058806 Sat, 25 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058818&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21741630%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Izgüt-Uysal VN, Gemici B, Tan R The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fasting-induced orexin-A (OXA) on inflammation and macrophage phagocytic activity. Fifty six male wistar rats were fasted for 36h to stimulate OXA synthesis. In 24 rats, air pouches were induced subcutaneously in the intrascapular area. After (6h) carrageenan injection into the pouches, the contents of the air pouches were removed. The exudate volume, protein content and cell count were measured. After the determination of fasting on inflammation, the peritoneal macrophages were collected from 32 rats to investigate the effect of fasting-induced OXA on macrophage phagocytic activity. Plasma OXA levels were markedly higher in fasted rats compared with control rats. The phagocytic capability ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058818 Fri, 24 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058817&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21745657%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Diaz D, Chara L, Chevarria J, Ubeda M, Muñoz L, Barcenilla H, Sánchez MA, Moreno Z, Monserrat J, Albillos A, Prieto A, Alvarez-Mon M Human lymphocytes lose the expression of lineage antigens (LAgs) along apoptosis. Our aim was to extent our previous studies of LAg loss to rodent species, quantifying LAg expression on apoptotic murine lymphocytes using flow cytometry to measure alterations in cell permeability, phosphatidylserine exposure and caspase activation of CD3, CD5, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD28 LAgs in highly purified lymphocyte populations. We found loss of expression by apoptotic cells of all LAgs studied in the three species analyzed except for CD3 antigen in mouse. We also found an early, rapid and dramatic reduction in the expression of CD28 by early apoptotic cells. ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058817 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058815&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752353%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, CMKLR1 was determined on peritoneal and tumor-infiltrating macrophages. CMKLR1 expression was found to be associated with the fibroblast-assisted maturation of J744A.1 monocyte/macrophage cells in the co-cultures established to model tumor microenvironment, whereas the presence of tumor cells was able to upregulate CMKLR1 expression independent of macrophage maturation. In addition, macrophages cultured with tumor cells or in tumor cell-conditioned media responded to recombinant chemerin(17-156) peptide and increased the expression of proinflammatory IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-12 p40 cytokines. The native form of chemerin (prochemerin) supplied by fibroblasts did not induce a functional response. These observations may indicate a potential role for chemerin and CMKLR1 in the regu... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058815 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058814&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21752354%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee SM, Kim EJ, Suk K, Lee WH Although Fas is known to be an apoptosis triggering molecule, accumulating studies indicate that Fas has non-apoptotic functions in certain cases. In an effort to identify the role of Fas in macrophage function, the human macrophage-like cell line THP-1 was analyzed after treatment with agonistic anti-Fas monoclonal antibody or co-incubation with FasL-expressing cells. Stimulation of Fas induced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and IL-8. The specificity of the reaction was confirmed by the transfection of Fas-specific siRNAs which resulted in a suppression of Fas expression as well as the responsiveness to the agonistic antibody. Utilization of various signaling inhibitors and ELISA-based NF-κB... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058814 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058808&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21767830%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the effects of a rare sugar, d-allose, which is 6-carbon monosaccharide, on endocytosis and T cell stimulation by dendritic cells (DCs). The endocytosis of BCG-anti-BCG immune complexes by DCs markedly decreased in d-allose-containing medium. Co-culture with T cells (mixed leukocyte reaction, MLR) of DCs, which had been exposed to BCG in d-allose-supplemented medium, induced apoptosis of CD4(+) T cells in a manner dependent on d-allose concentration. After the MLR, DCs cultured in the medium with d-allose expressed less CD40 and more Fas ligands than those cultured without d-allose. It was suggested that the functions of DCs, internalization, processing and the subsequent antigen presentation to T cells, are down-regulated via the action of d-allose. PMID: 21767830 [PubMed ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058808 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058816&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21745658%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu C, Guo H, Wang Y, Gao Y, Zhu Z, Du Z Interaction of costimulatory molecules and their receptors is crucial for tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells (sensitized DC, sDC) to promote T cell activation, clonal expansion and its antitumor immunity. To augment the costimulatory signal may regulate the interaction between DC and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and consequently enhance the antitumor response. The costimulatory ligand and receptor pair of 4-1BB/4-1BBL is one of the main factors in the costimulation of CTL. We explored the adjuvant role of a recombinant human 4-1BBL extracellular domain (ex4-1BBL) in modulating CTL activation induced by HepG2 antigen-loaded DC (sDC). The augment effects of sDC in combination with ex4-1BBL on the proliferation, activation, cell survival a... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058816 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058813&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21757189%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lei J, Wang Z, Hui D, Yu W, Zhou D, Xia W, Chen C, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Xiang AP Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potent regulatory effects on immune and inflammatory responses. Recently the findings of functional TLR expression on MSC implicates these receptors in the function established for MSCs. Here we specially investigated the effects of TLR2, 4 ligation in mice MSC on migration, modulation of allogeneic mixed lymphocytes reaction (allo-MLR) and inducing Treg cells. We demonstrated that ligation of TLR2, but not TLR4, could significantly inhibit migration of MSC, impair MSC-mediated immunosuppression on allo-MLR, and reduce MSC-mediated expansion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Compared with TLR4 activated MSCs and non-TLR activated MSC, TLR2 activation in... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058813 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058812&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21757190%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Teresa Ortega M, Xie L, Mora S, Chapes SK There are still questions about whether macrophage differentiation is predetermined or is induced in response to tissue microenvironments. C2D macrophage cells reside early in the macrophage lineage in vitro, but differentiate to a more mature phenotype after adoptive transfer to the peritoneal cavity (PEC-C2D). Since C2D macrophage cells also traffic to adipose tissue after adoptive transfer, we explored the impact of white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) and in vitro cultured adipocytes on C2D macrophage cells. When PEC-C2D macrophage cells were cultured with preadipocytes the cells stretched out and CD11b and Mac-2 expression was lower compared to PEC-C2D macrophage cells placed in vitro alone. In contrast, PEC-C2D ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058812 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058809&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21764047%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reiné J, Busto EM, Muñoz-Ruiz M, Rossi NE, Rodríguez-Fernández JL, Martínez-Naves E, Regueiro JR, Recio MJ Antigen recognition by T-lymphocytes through the T-cell antigen receptor, TCR-CD3, is a central event in the initiation of an immune response. CD3 proteins may have redundant as well as specific contributions to the intracellular propagation of TCR-mediated signals. However, to date, the relative role that each CD3 chain plays in signaling is controversial. In order to examine the roles of CD3γ chain in TCR signaling, we analyzed proximal and distal signaling events in human CD3γ(-/-) primary and Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS)-transformed T cells. Following TCR-CD3 engagement, certain early TCR signaling pathways (ZAP-70, ERK, p38 and mTORC2 phosphorylation, and actin p... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058809 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058821&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21741035%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang M, Wang Z, Graner MW, Yang L, Liao M, Yang Q, Gou J, Zhu Y, Wu C, Liu H, Zhou B, Chen X Although it has been recognized that ectopic follicle-like B cell aggregate formation is common in the lungs of patients with tuberculosis, the role of infiltrated B cells in human tuberculosis remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we showed that ectopic B cell aggregate formation was associated with containment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The area ratio of ectopic B cell aggregates was correlated with localized IL-17 mRNA expression and peripheral TGF-β and IL-6 mRNA expression. Depletion of B cells from pleural fluid mononuclear cells resulted in significantly diminished M. tuberculosis antigen-specific IL-17 and IL-22 production, but not in IFN-γ secretion. Therefore... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058821 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058819&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21741629%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Russ AJ, Xu K, Wentworth L, Alam S, Meyers JV, Macklin MD, Rakhmilevich AL, Rajamanickam V, Suresh M, Cho CS We have observed that in vivo interaction between melanoma and resting T cells promotes suppression of antigen-driven proliferative T cell expansion. We hypothesized that this suppression would affect tumor antigen-specific T cell populations more potently than tumor-unrelated T cell populations. A B16F10 cell line was stably transfected to express low levels of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) glycoprotein GP33 (B16GP33). Mice bearing B16F10 or B16GP33 tumors were infected with LCMV, and proliferative expansion of LCMV epitope-specific T cell populations was quantified. In vitro and in vivo assays confirmed low levels of antigenic GP33 expression by B16GP3... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058819 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5011310&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21724180%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paclik D, Werner L, Guckelberger O, Wiedenmann B, Sturm A Monocytes and macrophages link the innate and adaptive immune systems and protect the host from the outside world. In inflammatory disorders their activation leads to tissue damage. Galectins have emerged as central regulators of the immune system. However, if they regulate monocyte/macrophage physiology is still unknown. Binding of Gal-1, Gal-2, Gal-3 and Gal-4 to monocytes/macrophages, activation, cytokine secretion and apoptosis were determined by FACS, migration by Transwell system and phagocytosis by phagotest. Supernatants from macrophages co-cultured with galectins revealed their influence on T-cell function. In our study Gal-1, Gal-2, Gal-4, and partly Gal-3 bound to monocytes/macrophages. Galectins prevented Sa... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5011310 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5011310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058820&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21741628%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weigent DA A substantial body of research exists to support the idea that cells of the immune system produce growth hormone (GH). However, the structure and mechanism of action of lymphocyte-derived GH continues to remain largely unknown. Here we present the results of Western analysis of whole cell extracts showing that different molecular weight isoforms of GH of approximately 100, 65, and 48kDa can be detected in primary mouse cells of the immune system and in the mouse EL4 cell line. The identity of the 65 and 48kDa isoforms of GH were confirmed by mass spectrometry. The various isoforms were detected in both enriched T and B spleen cell populations. The large molecular weight isoform appears to reside primarily in the cytoplasm, whereas the lower molecular weight 65 and 4... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058820 Sat, 11 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4963066&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21696712%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Podojil JR, Padval MV, Miller SD Pro-inflammatory CD4(+) T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, are hypothesized to be initiated and maintained by self-reactive interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) producing CD4(+) T cells. Previous studies have shown moderate to significant alterations in inflammatory T cell responses and potentially treatment of autoimmune disease by administration of antihistamine or tricyclic antidepressants alone. The goal of the present study was to determine if treatment of PLP(139-151)-induced relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (R-EAE) in SJL/J mice with a combination of two FDA approved drugs for other indications could decrease R-EAE disease. The findings show that combination treat... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4963066 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4963066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4871393&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21320703%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined their role in regeneration of the thymus after whole-body X-irradiation by focusing on SDF-1 production. After X-irradiation, the thymus became severely atrophied presumably due to phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes. At that time, a significant number of neutrophils were detected in the thymus. The thymus was then partially regenerated on day 7, whereas the level of SDF-1 in it was significantly increased on days 3 and 5. Depletion of neutrophils greatly impaired SDF-1 production and the thymus regeneration. Moreover, administration of a CXCR4 antagonist also greatly suppressed the thymus regeneration. Furthermore, coculturing of a stromal cell line with infiltrating neutrophils increased SDF-1 production. These results suggest that infiltrating neutrophils pla... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4871393 Sat, 28 May 2011 00:15:09 +0100 4871393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4871392&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21324438%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pouriayevali MH, Bamdad T, Parsania M, Sari RD Although CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope-based DNA vaccination is valuable experience on vaccine research but many attempts are still continued to achieve acceptable protective response. To study the role of full length antigen in CTL epitope immunization, we evaluated cellular immunity of diverse patterns of complete Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B (gB) and the immunodominant CTL epitope (498-505) DNA injection in C57BL/6 mice. Optimal immune response was observed in the group immunized with the full length of gB in the first injection and CTL epitope in the second and third vaccination as assessed by lymphocyte proliferation assay (MTT), cytokine assay (ELISA) and CTL assay. B cell and spatially CD4+... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4871392 Sat, 28 May 2011 00:15:09 +0100 4871392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4871391&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21345420%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van den Berg LM, de Jong MA, Witte L, Ulrich MM, Geijtenbeek TB Human skin contains epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) and dermal dendritic cells (DCs) that are key players in induction of adaptive immunity upon infection. After major burn injury, suppressed adaptive immunity has been observed in patients. Here we demonstrate that burn injury affects adaptive immunity by altering both epidermal LC and dermal DC functions. We developed a human ex vivo burn injury model to study the function of DCs in thermally injured skin. No differences were observed in the capacity of both LCs and dermal DCs to migrate out of burned skin compared to unburned skin. Similarly, expression levels of co-stimulatory molecules were unaltered. Notably, we observed a strong reduction of T cell activati... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4871391 Sat, 28 May 2011 00:15:09 +0100 4871391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4871390&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21349500%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, B cells play a critical role in promoting liver inflammation and also contribute to cyst formation as well as salivary gland pathology in autoimmune NOD.c3c4 mice, illustrating a critical role of B cells in modulating specific organ pathology and, in particular, in exacerbating both the biliary disease and the sialadenitis. PMID: 21349500 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology) Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4871390 Sat, 28 May 2011 00:15:09 +0100 4871390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815710&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21227406%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu Y, Yang B, Ma J, Wang H, Huang F, Zhang J, Chen H, Wu C Interleukin 21 exerts a variety of regulatory effects on both innate and adaptive immune cells. Although the suppressive effect of IL-21 via the induction of IL-10 in mouse model has been defined, the inhibitory effect of IL-21 in humans is not well understood. In the present study, we showed that IL-21 induced IL-10 production by human naive CD4(+) T cells. Most of the IL-10-producing CD4(+) T cells did not co-express IFN-γ. IL-21 increased the expression of IL-21R on activated naïve CD4(+) T cells. Further analysis indicated that IL-21 induced phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 in activated naïve CD4(+) T cells. In addition, IL-21 maintained the expression of CD16 on monocytes via the production of IL-10 b... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815710 Fri, 13 May 2011 10:30:03 +0100 4815710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815709&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21450279%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu Y, Chen Q, Pai T, Ross AC The regulation of the cell-surface receptors that constitute the gene cluster, CD300, also known as the Myeloid Activating/Inhibitory Receptor (MAIR) family, is poorly understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that all-trans-RA (RA), a bioactive form of vitamin A long recognized for its role in regulation of immune cell activities, may be a potent regulator of the expression of human CD300B. In monocytic THP-1 cells, RA (20nM) alone significantly increased CD300B mRNA within 2h and up to 20-fold after 24h; however, CD300B protein determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy showed little change. A search for coactivating molecules revealed that phorbol myristyl acetate (PMA), a mimetic of diacylglycerol, alone increased CD3... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815709 Fri, 13 May 2011 10:30:03 +0100 4815709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815708&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21453908%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang F, Xu J, Liao Y, Wang Y, Liu C, Zhu X, Chen ZK, Sun Z T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim)-3 is expressed on activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Identification of galectin-9 as a ligand for Tim-3 has now firmly established the Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway, which results in apoptosis of effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Moreover, Th17 cells are a recently discovered CD4(+) effector T cell, which are important in antimicrobial immunity. Whether the Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway affects Th17 immunity has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrated expression of Tim-3 on Th17 cells by flow cytometry. Th17-skewed cells were sensitive to galectin-9-induced apoptosis. In vitro administration of galectin-9 decreased stimulated Th17 cells and inhibited production of IL-17. Intere... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815708 Fri, 13 May 2011 10:30:03 +0100 4815708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815707&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21457950%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mitchell LM, Brzoza-Lewis KL, Henry CJ, Grayson JM, Westcott MM, Hiltbold EM To determine the relative contributions of DC subsets in the development of protective immunity to Listeria monocytogenes we examined the relationship between maturation, bacterial burden, and T cell priming capacity of four well characterized subsets of splenic DC following infection with Lm. CD8α(+), CD4(+), and CD8α(-)CD4(-) DC and the B220(+) plasmacytoid DC (pDC) were compared for abundance and costimulatory molecule expression at 24, 48, and 72h post i.v. infection. We further determined the bacterial burden associated with each DC subset and their relative capacities to prime CD8(+) T cells at 24hpi. The CD8α(+) DC displayed the highest level of maturation, association with live bacteria, an... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815707 Fri, 13 May 2011 10:30:03 +0100 4815707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815706&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21458778%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we evaluated role of soluble granzyme B and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in SLE patients. The soluble granzyme B was measured in the serum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity was measured by flow cytometry. The disease activity was determined by using SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity was increased and strongly associated with disease activity. The soluble granzyme B levels were higher in SLE patients and associated with various clinical features like reduced complement components; C3 & C4 and skin lesion. The soluble granzyme B levels were also sturdily related with severity of the disease. The findings of this study suggest that excessive secretion of soluble granzyme B and enhanced a... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815706 Fri, 13 May 2011 10:30:03 +0100 4815706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815705&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21458779%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vigliano I, Fusco A, Palamaro L, Aloj G, Cirillo E, Salerno MC, Pignata C Several molecules, involved in the intracellular communication network, have been identified as the cause of primary immunodeficiencies. In most cases, these molecules are exclusively expressed in hematopoietic cells, being involved in cell development and/or functionality of terminal differentiated cells of immune system. In the case of γc, the abundance of the protein suggests a potential pleiotropic effect of the molecule. Immune and endocrine systems participate to an integrated network of soluble mediators that communicate and coordinate responsive cells to achieve effector functions in an appropriate fashion. It has been demonstrated a novel dependence of GH signaling on the common cytokines recep... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815705 Fri, 13 May 2011 10:30:03 +0100 4815705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815704&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21458780%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Spentzas T, Kudumula R, Acuna C, Talati AJ, Ingram KC, Savorgnan F, Meals EA, English BK We tested the contribution of four staphylococcal components - PSM-α, PSM-β, δ-toxin, and PVL - in triggering macrophage secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 12 (IL-12) by two prominent, circulating strains of community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA): LAC, USA300; MW2, USA400. RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were stimulated with live, antibiotic-exposed bacteria, and cytokine secretion was quantitated in supernatants. Deletion of PSM-α expression in LAC led to >50% reduction in macrophage TNF and IL-6 secretion and a 20% reduction in IL-12 secretion, while PSM-α deletion in MW2 did not significantly reduce macrophage... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815704 Fri, 13 May 2011 10:30:03 +0100 4815704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815703&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21459369%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: González OA, Ebersole JL, Huang CB Trans-activator of transcription (Tat) is an HIV-1 protein essential for viral replication. Oral periodontopathogens (e.g. Fusobacterium nucleatum) enhance HIV-1LTR promoter activation in monocytes/macrophages in absence of Tat; however, some oral commensals fail to trigger this response. We sought to determine the effect of Tat on HIV-1LTR promoter activation induced by the representative oral commensal Streptococcus gordonii in monocytes/macrophages. S. gordonii enhanced HIV-1LTR reactivation in THP89GFP (Tat(+)), but not in BF24 (Tat(-)) cells. Interestingly, S. gordonii, but not Streptococcus sanguinis enhanced HIV-1LTR activation in the presence of recombinant Tat in BF24 cells. This response correlated with IL-8 but not TNFα or IL-6 p... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815703 Fri, 13 May 2011 10:30:03 +0100 4815703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815702&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21463857%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nara H, Onoda T, Rahman M, Araki A, Juliana FM, Tanaka N, Asao H Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates T-cell, B-cell, NK-cell, and myeloid-cell functions. IL-21 binds with its cognate receptor complex, which consists of the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) and the common gamma chain. We identified a novel IL-21R-binding molecule, WSB-1, which contains WD-40 repeats and a SOCS-box domain. WSB-1 associates with the middle part of intracytoplasmic region of IL-21R and enhances the maturation of IL-21R from N-linked glycosylated form to fully glycosylated mature form. Furthermore, WSB-1 moderates IL-21R degradation. Taken together, our present study suggests that WSB-1 has a role in the tuning of the maturation and degradation of IL-21R. PMID: 21463857 [PubMe... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815702 Fri, 13 May 2011 10:30:03 +0100 4815702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815699&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21477795%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gill N, Chenoweth MJ, Verdu EF, Ashkar AA Type I interferon (IFN) signalling, NK cells and NK cell-derived IFN-γ are critical in the early control of genital HSV-2 infection. We have recently reported that NK cells are the source of early IFN-γ in the genital tract in response to HSV-2. However, the response of NK cells to genital HSV-2 infection is not well defined in the context of type I IFN signalling. Here we show that HSV-2 replication was significantly higher in mice deficient in the type I IFN receptor or NK cells compared to wild type controls. There was no detectable IFN-γ production in the genital washes from IFN-α/βR(-/-) mice or NK cell depleted mice in response to HSV-2 infection compared to control mice. Absence of the type I IFN receptor does not alter hom... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815699 Fri, 13 May 2011 10:30:03 +0100 4815699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815698&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21477796%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen J, Ni G, Liu XS Chronic infection with certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPV), especially HPV-16 and HPV-18, leads to the development of cervical cancer. Prophylactic HPV vaccines based on HPV virus like particles (VLPs) have now been developed. The commercial vaccines, Gardasil and Cervarix are clinically effective in preventing HPV infection but do not have a therapeutic effect against existing chronic HPV infections. However, papillomavirus (PV) VLPs elicit strong cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses and PV VLPs without any adjuvant have therapeutic effects in animal PV infection model. Alum in Gardasil, Alum and 3-O-deacylated-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (ASO4) in Cervarix may stimulate IL10 production and inhibit the Th1, CTL immune response of immunized individuals... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815698 Fri, 13 May 2011 10:30:03 +0100 4815698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815695&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21481337%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mrówczyńska L, Bobrowska-Hägerstrand M, Hägerstrand H, Lindqvist C Cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB) treatment of K562 erythroleukemia cells increased their sensitivity to be killed by NK-92 cells with more than 10%, compared to untreated cells. A similar treatment of non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic REH leukemia cells, known to be unsensitive to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity, did not have any impact at all. Visualization of the cross-linked ganglioside(M1) (GM(1)) using fluorescent labeled CTB, indicated accumulation of the fluorescence to one cap and a few smaller patches in both type of cells. Additional cross-linking using anti-CTB antibodies further accentuated capping and increased lysis in the case of K562 cells. Blocking experiments performed with anti-MICA/B, ULBP-2 a... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815695 Fri, 13 May 2011 10:30:03 +0100 4815695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815693&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21481339%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bui-Xuan NH, Tang PM, Wong CK, Chan JY, Cheung KK, Jiang JL, Fung KP Pheophorbide a (Pa) has been proposed to be a potential photosensitizer for the photodynamic therapy of human cancer. However, the immunomodulatory effect of Pa, in the absence of irradiation, has not yet been investigated. The present study revealed that Pa possessed immunostimulating effect on a murine macrophages cell line RAW 264.7. Pa could significantly stimulate the growth of RAW 264.7 cells with the maximum effect at 1.0μM after 24, 48 and 72h of treatment (all p<0.05). Besides, intracellular mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK were activated by Pa treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The activation of ERK and p38 MAPK was fo... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815693 Fri, 13 May 2011 10:30:03 +0100 4815693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815683&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21550027%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matijevic M, Hedley ML, Urban RG, Chicz RM, Lajoie C, Luby TM A phase II trial was conducted in subjects with human papillomavirus (HPV) associated high-grade cervical dysplasia testing the safety and efficacy of a microparticle encapsulated pDNA vaccine. Amolimogene expresses T cell epitopes from E6 and E7 proteins of HPV types 16 and 18. An analysis was performed on a subset of HLA-A2+ subjects to test whether CD8+ T cells specific to HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11 were increased in response to amolimogene immunization. Of the 21 subjects receiving amolimogene, 11 had elevated CD8+ T cell responses to HPV 16 and/or 18 peptides and seven of these also had increases to corresponding HPV 6 and/or 11 peptides. In addition, T cells primed and expanded in vitro with an HPV 18 peptide demons... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815683 Fri, 22 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4815683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815682&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21550598%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bostanci N, Meier A, Guggenheim B, Belibasakis GN Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth-supporting tissues. The inflammation is initiated by oral bacteria in the form of multi-species biofilms, and is dominated by cytokines of the IL-1 family. IL-1 activation and processing is regulated by Caspase-1, within intracellular protein complexes, known as "inflammasomes". The present study employed culture supernatants of in vitro supragingival and subgingival biofilms, to challenge human GF cultures for 6h. The gene expression of inflammasome complex components was investigated by TaqMan qPCR. NLRP1 expression was not affected, whereas NLRP2 was not expressed. Supragingival biofilm challenge increased the expression of Caspase-1, the adaptor ASC, A... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815682 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4815682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815684&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21550026%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haddad JJ The characterization of oxidant (glutathione)-dependent regulation of MAPK(p38/RK)-mediated TNF-α secretion was undertaken in vitro, and the ramifications of the influence of a redox microenvironment were unraveled. Intermittent exposure of alveolar epithelial cells (FATEII) to LPS (endotoxin) transiently and temporally induced the expression of MAPK(p38/RK). This upregulation was associated with the activation of MAPKAP-K(2), manifested by the specific phosphorylation of the downstream heat-shock protein (Hsp)-27. Selective blockading of the MAPK(p38/RK) pathway using the pyridinyl imidazole SB-203580 abrogated the LPS-dependent release of TNF-α. N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, reduced TNF-α secretion and increased [GSH]. Conversely, l-buth... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815684 Fri, 15 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4815684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815688&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21492831%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: García-Hernández MH, Portales-Cervantes L, Cortez-Espinosa N, Vargas-Morales JM, Fritche Salazar JF, Rivera-López E, Rodríguez-Rivera JG, Quezada-Calvillo R, Portales-Pérez DP Chronic inflammation is an important contributor to the insulin resistance observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We evaluated the expression and function of the P2X(7) receptor and CD39/Entpd1, molecules involved in the cellular regulation of inflammation, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from T2D patients, and their correlation with the concentration of HbA1c in blood. T2D patients with deficient metabolic control (DC) showed increased proportion of P2X(7)(+) cells compared with healthy individuals; T2D-DC subjects also displayed higher proportion of CD14(+), CD4(+) and CD19(+) subpopulations of ... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815688 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4815688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4815690&cid=s_34406_3_f&fid=34406&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21482422%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ma X, Guo Z, Shen Z, Wang J, Hu Y, Wang D Two experiments were carried out. In immune response test, the immune enhancement of propolis, oilemulsion and aluminium salt were compared in guinea pig vaccinated with inactivated porcine parvovirus (PPV) vaccine. The result showed that three adjuvants could enhance antibody titer, T lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 and IL-4 secretion of splenic lymphocyte. The action of propolis was similar to that of oilemulsion and superior to that of aluminium salt, especially in early period of vaccination propolis could accelerate antibody production. In immune protection test, the effects of three adjuvants on PPV infection were compared in guinea pig vaccinated with PPV vaccine then challenged with PPV. The result showed that propolis and oilem... Cellular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4815690 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4815690