MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Cellular and Molecular Immunology' source. Fri, 19 Mar 2010 17:24:01 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3371096&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20228832%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bollyky PL, Evanko SP, Wu RP, Potter-Perigo S, Long SA, Kinsella B, Reijonen H, Guebtner K, Teng B, Chan CK, Braun KR, Gebe JA, Nepom GT, Wight TN Hyaluronan (HA) production by dendritic cells (DCs) is known to promote antigen presentation and to augment T-cell activation and proliferation. We hypothesized that pericellular HA can function as intercellular 'glue' directly mediating T cell-DC binding. Using primary human cells, we observed HA-dependent binding between T cells and DCs, which was abrogated upon pre-treatment of the DCs with 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), an agent which blocks HA synthesis. Furthermore, T cells regulate HA production by DCs via T cell-derived cytokines in a T helper (Th) subset-specific manner, as demonstrated by the observation that cell-culture s... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3371096 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3371096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3371095&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20228833%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the effects of these mutations on interferon (IFN) induction, tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)alpha response, p53 activity and apoptosis. We found that the D92E mutation eliminated NS1's repressive effect on IFN induction, while the 5-aa deletion resulted in enhanced resistance to TNFalpha responses. We also observed that all three variants exhibited a similar suppressive effect on p53 transcriptional activity, although none of them significantly influenced apoptosis of host cells. Our findings shed new light on the role of NS1 in the pathogenicity of H5N1 virus.Cellular & Molecular Immunology advance online publication, 15 March 2010; doi:10.1038/cmi.2010.6. PMID: 20228833 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3371095 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3371095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3371094&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20228834%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yu Q, Yu R, Qin X The complement system, a key component of innate immunity, is a first-line defender against foreign pathogens such as HIV-1. The role of the complement system in HIV-1 pathogenesis appears to be multifaceted. Although the complement system plays critical roles in clearing and neutralizing HIV-1 virions, it also represents a critical factor for the spread and maintenance of the virus in the infected host. In addition, complement regulators such as human CD59 present in the envelope of HIV-1 prevent complement-mediated lysis of HIV-1. Some novel approaches are proposed to combat HIV-1 infection through the enhancement of antibody-dependent complement activity against HIV-1. In this paper, we will review these diverse roles of complement in HIV-1 infection.Cellu... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3371094 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3371094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3371093&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20228835%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the incorporation of an ILZ motif could markedly improve the costimulation of hsGITRL.Cellular & Molecular Immunology advance online publication, 15 March 2010; doi:10.1038/cmi.2010.7. PMID: 20228835 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3371093 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3371093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3371092&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20228836%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aims to examine the effects of EBV infection on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in NPC cells after the Zn-BC-AM photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment. Cells were treated with the photosensitiser Zn-BC-AM for 24 h before light irradiation. Quantitative ELISA was used to evaluate the production of cytokines. Under the same experimental condition, HK-1-EBV cells produced a higher basal level of IL-1alpha (1561 pg/ml), IL-1beta (16.6 pg/ml) and IL-8 (422.9 pg/ml) than the HK-1 cells. At the light dose of 0.25-0.5 J/cm(2), Zn-BC-AM PDT-treated HK-1-EBV cells were found to produce a higher level of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta than the HK-1 cells. The production of IL-1beta appeared to be mediated via the IL-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-independent pathway. In contrast, the prod... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3371092 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3371092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3319064&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20190789%26dopt%3DAbstract This article will review the recent novel findings on the interactions of H. pylori with diverse host epithelial signaling pathways and events involved in the initiation of gastric pathology, including gastric inflammation, mucosal damage and development of MALT lymphomas. PMID: 20190789 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3319064 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3319064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3319063&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20190822%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhu M, Fu Y The nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB transcription factor family plays important roles in the immune system. Aberrant NF-kappaB signaling is frequently associated with inflammation and autoimmune diseases but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent studies show that NF-kappaB plays a critical role in T-cell central tolerance. Two NF-kappaB signaling pathways have been identified: the canonical pathway and the alternative pathway. In the establishment of T-cell central tolerance, the alternative pathway appears to be the key signaling component in thymic stromal cells for their development and function, while the canonical pathway exerts its function more in autonomous T-cell selection. This review intends to summarize the current understanding of the r... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3319063 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3319063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276803&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20154703%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fang X, Zheng P, Tang J, Liu Y As a testament to the importance of CD24, researchers with diverse interests, including adaptive immunity, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer, have encountered CD24. CD24 is overexpressed in many cancers and appears oncogenic. In the adaptive immune response, CD24 is a redundant costimulatory molecule in costimulation-rich lymphoid organs but is essential in selected target organs tested, such as brain and skin. More recent studies suggest it may have a role in discriminating danger and pathogen-associated molecular patterns by dendritic cells. The biology of CD24 is intriguing but poorly understood. Here we summarize the major findings associated with CD24 to stimulate new ideas for further research that may reveal the underlying link ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276803 Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255093&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20140006%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li N, Zhu F, Gao F, Wang Q, Wang X, Li H, Ma C, Sun W, Xu W, Wang C, Zhang L CD28 is one of the costimulatory molecules crucial for T-cell activation and thus has become an attractive target for therapeutic immunomodulation. Conventional strategies for blocking CD28 activity using monoclonal antibodies, Fab fragments, antagonistic peptide and fusion proteins, have apparent disadvantages such as inherent immunogenicity, unwanted Fc signaling, poor tissue penetration and bioinstability. Recent research has been directed toward the creation of non-natural, sequence-specific biomimetic oligomers with bioinspired structures that capture the amino-acid interface of the targeted proteins. One such family of molecules is the poly-N-substituted glycines or peptoids, which have close st... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255093 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3255093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255092&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20140007%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peairs A, Dai R, Gan L, Shimp S, Rylander MN, Li L, Reilly CM Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a bioactive component of green tea, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells. EGCG is also shown to activate the metabolic regulator, adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Reports have also indicated that EGCG inhibits the immune-stimulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has been implicated in mesangial cell activation in lupus. Mesangial cells from MRL/lpr lupus-like mice are hyper-responsive to immune stimulation and overproduce nitric oxide (NO) and other inflammatory mediators when stimulated. In our current studies, we sought to determine the mechanis... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255092 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3255092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255091&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20140008%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, ATF3 expression and cell apoptosis in GMCs induced by sublytic C5b-9 were measured, and then the effects of ATF3 gene over-expression or knockdown on GMC apoptosis induced by sublytic C5b-9 were examined at a fixed time. The results showed that both ATF3 expression and GMC apoptosis were markedly increased and ATF3 over-expression obviously increased sublytic C5b-9-induced GMC apoptosis, whereas ATF3 gene silencing had a significant opposite effect. Collectively, these findings indicate that upregulation of ATF3 gene expression is involved in regulating GMC apoptosis induced by sublytic C5b-9 complexes. PMID: 20140008 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255091 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3255091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255090&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20140009%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maru Y Accumulating evidence suggests that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a sensor for danger signals, is expressed not only in immune cells, but also in resident epithelial cells, and appears to participate in tissue homeostasis. To explain the premetastatic microenvironment created by the newly discovered endogenous TLR4 ligands, I propose a hypothesis of homeostatic inflammation that includes the classical danger hypothesis. PMID: 20140009 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255090 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3255090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255089&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20140010%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, by analyzing the immune patterns of lymphocytes, we found that the percentage and absolute number of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells are markedly decreased in naive mice following treatment with LTBI. On the contrary, the CD4(+)CD44(+)/CD8(+)CD44(+) effector-memory T cells are greatly increased. Importantly, naive mice treated with dendritic cell-gp100 tumor vaccines under LTBI induced an enhancement of antigen-specific proliferation and cytotoxicity as well as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion against F10 melanoma tumor challenge, compared to treatment with either the tumor vaccine or LTBI alone. Consequently, the treatment resulted in a reduced tumor burden and prolonged mouse survival. Our data demonstrate that LTBI's enhancement of antitumor immunity was ma... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255089 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3255089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255088&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20140011%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we used quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to examine the mRNA expression of Tim-4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE patients and further analyzed the correlation between the expression of Tim-4 and Tim-1 (a potential ligand for Tim-4) in PBMCs and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels. The results showed that Tim-4 mRNA expression in PBMCs was significantly higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls, especially those patients in the active phase of disease. Moreover, Tim-4 mRNA levels were closely correlated with Tim-1 mRNA levels in PBMCs and with serum TNF-alpha levels in SLE patients but not in the control group. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Tim-4 may be involved in the pathogenesis ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255088 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3255088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3228279&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20118968%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the present study provides support for the clinical evaluation of influenza A (H1N1) vaccination as a public health intervention to mitigate a possible pandemic. Additionally, our findings support the further evaluation of the vaccine used in this study in primates or humans. PMID: 20118968 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3228279 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3228279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3228278&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20118969%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McLeod IX, He Y Recent studies have revealed that autophagy, a fundamental intracellular process, plays many different roles in lymphocyte development and function. Autophagy regulates naive T-lymphocyte homeostasis, specifically by regulating mitochondrial quality and turnover, and is necessary for the proliferation of mature T cells. Autophagy also acts as a cellular death pathway in lymphocytes, both upon prolonged cytokine withdrawal and during acute antigen-receptor stimulation if improperly regulated. Furthermore, during HIV infection, hyperinduction of autophagy leads to massive T-cell death in uninfected CD4(+) T cells, and is rescued by inhibiting autophagic initiation. Constitutively high levels of autophagy in thymic epithelial cells are necessary for optimal proces... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3228278 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3228278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3228277&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20118970%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Dommelen SL, Rizzitelli A, Chidgey A, Boyd R, Shortman K, Wu L Age-related thymic involution causes a decreased output of thymocytes from the thymus, thereby resulting in impairment of T cell-mediated immunity. While alterations in the T cell and non-haematopoietic stromal compartments have been described, the effects of thymic involution on thymic dendritic cells (DC) are not clearly known. Thymic DC play an essential role in shaping T cell-mediated immune responses by deleting self-reactive thymocytes to establish central tolerance and by inducing regulatory T-cell (Treg) development. It is therefore important to assess the prevalence of and alterations to thymic DC with age, as this may impact on their function. We assessed the numbers and proportions of the three disti... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3228277 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3228277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3228276&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20118971%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Takamatsu H, Okuno T, Kumanogoh A Semaphorins were originally identified as axon guidance factors involved in the development of the neuronal system. However, accumulating evidence indicates that several members of semaphorins, so-called 'immune semaphorins', are crucially involved in various phases of immune responses. These semaphorins regulate both immune cell interactions and immune cell trafficking during physiological and pathological immune responses. Here, we review the following two functional aspects of semaphorins and their receptors in immune responses: their functions in cell-cell interactions and their involvement in immune cell trafficking. PMID: 20118971 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3228276 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3228276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3186275&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20081873%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu Z, Jin B Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) members account for a large proportion of cell adhesion molecules that perform important immunological functions, including recognizing a variety of counterpart molecules on the cell surface or extracellular matrix. The findings that CD155/poliovirus receptor (PVR) and CD112/nectin-2 are the ligands for CD226/platelet and T-cell activation antigen 1 (PTA1)/DNAX accessory molecular-1 (DNAM-1), CD96/tactile and Washington University cell adhesion molecule (WUCAM) and that CD226 is physically and functionally associated with lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) on natural killer (NK) and activated T cells have largely expanded our knowledge about the functions of CD226, CD96, WUCAM and LFA-1 and their respective ligands, C... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3186275 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3186275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3186274&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20081874%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we provide evidence that TGF-beta1-modified bone marrow-derived imDCs may have a therapeutic effect to IBD. PMID: 20081874 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3186274 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3186274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3186273&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20081875%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we found that CD40-B exhibited mature phenotypes and were more able to induce and expand CD4(high)CD25(+) Tregs than imDCs. Moreover, Tregs induced by CD40-B had greater suppressive capacity than those induced by imDCs. The generation of CD4(high)CD25(+) Tregs by CD40-B and imDCs is cell-cell contact dependent and partially relies on the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and CD80/86. Differences in CD4(high)CD25(+) Treg generation efficiency were largely explained by the production of endogenous IL-2 by CD40-B. Our results suggest that CD40-B is better able to generate large numbers of antigen-specific Tregs than imDCs. Additionally, using CD40-B to generate Tregs may accelerate the clinical use of Treg-based immunotherapy in the treatment of allograft rejection... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3186273 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3186273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3186272&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20081876%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang Y, Yu J, Luo X, Wang X, Li M, Wang L, Li D The chemokine thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK), which regulates T-cell development and tissue-specific homing, has been identified as a potential contributor to the pathogenesis and progression of endometriosis. Dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD), an air pollutant, and estrogen also appear to be involved in endometriosis. Both endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and the combination of 17beta-estradiol and TCDD increase the secretion of TECK in the endometriosis-associated cells and promote the invasiveness of ESCs by increasing expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Anti-TECK neutralizing antibodies can effectively inhibit the invasiveness of ESCs and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the cells... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3186272 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3186272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3186271&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20081877%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chiu K, Yeung SC, So KF, Chang RC Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/CCL2 is a C-C chemokine involved in the activation and recruitment of monocytic cells to injury sites. MCP-1/CCL2 can induce either neuroprotection or neurodestruction in vitro, depending on the experimental model. We aim to use MCP-1/CCL2 as an experimental tool to investigate the morphological changes of microglia when loss of healthy retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is exacerbated or attenuated in an experimental glaucoma model. While a high concentration (1000 ng) of MCP-1/CCL2 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exacerbated RGC loss, 100 ng MCP-1/CCL2 provided neuroprotection towards RGC. Neuroprotective MCP-1/CCL2 (100 ng) also upregulated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) immunoreactivity in the RGCs.... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3186271 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3186271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3119459&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20029460%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun J, Zhang Y, Yang M, Zhang Y, Xie Q, Li Z, Dong Z, Yang Y, Deng B, Feng A, Hu W, Mao H, Qu X Hypoxia is a major characteristic of the tumor microenvironment, and its effects on immune cells are proposed to be important factors for the process of tumor immune escape. It has been reported that hypoxia affects the function of dendritic cells and the antitumor function of T cells. Here we discuss the effects of hypoxia on T-cell survival. Our results showed that hypoxia induced apoptosis of T cells. Adenosine and adenosine receptors (AR) are important to the hypoxia-related signaling pathway. Using AR agonists and antagonists, we demonstrated that hypoxia-induced apoptosis of T cells was mediated by A(2a )and A(2b) receptors. Furthermore, we are the first, to our knowledge, to ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3119459 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3119459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3119458&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20029461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chow JY, Wong CK, Cheung PF, Lam CW The novel interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokine IL-33 has been shown to activate T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes, mast cells and basophils to produce an array of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as to mediate blood eosinophilia, IgE secretion and hypertrophy of airway epithelium in mice. In the present study, we characterized the activation of human eosinophils by IL-33, and investigated the underlying intracellular signaling mechanisms. IL-33 markedly enhanced eosinophil survival and upregulated cell surface expression of the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 on eosinophils, but it suppressed that of ICAM-3 and L-selectin. In addition, IL-33 mediates significant release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the chemo... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3119458 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3119458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3119457&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20029462%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Selmi C, Meda F, Kasangian A, Invernizzi P, Tian Z, Lian Z, Podda M, Gershwin ME Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease for which an autoimmune pathogenesis is supported by clinical and experimental data, including the presence of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells. The etiology remains to be determined, yet data suggest that both a susceptible genetic background and unknown environmental factors determine disease onset. Multiple infectious and chemical candidates have been proposed to trigger the disease in a genetically susceptible host, mostly by molecular mimicry. Most recently, several murine models have been reported, including genetically determined models as well as models induced by immunization with xenobiotics and bacteria. P... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3119457 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3119457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3119456&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20029463%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhao Y, Li X The diversity of alloreactive T cells in graft rejection and the presence of extensive crossreactivity among alloreactive T cells indicate that the induction of transplantation tolerance may fundamentally alter the size of host T-cell repertoire involved in protective immunity and immune surveillance, especially those that are crossreactive to conventional antigens. We herein highlight the crossreactive nature of alloreactive T cells and the potential risks of altered T-cell repertoire associated with the induction of transplantation tolerance. The possibility that T-cell tolerance to one set of antigens results in their tolerance to other unrelated antigens due to T-cell crossreactivity and/or heterogeneity is defined as 'cross-immune tolerance'. The definition a... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3119456 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3119456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3119455&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20029464%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen X, Du X, Zhang M, Zhang D, Ji M, Wu G Interferon gamma induced GTPase (IGTP) (also named Irgm3) and interferon gamma inducible protein 47 (IRG-47) (also named Irgd) are interferon (IFN)-inducible p47 GTPases that have been shown to regulate host resistance to intracellular pathogens. Little knowledge has been known about the role of p47 GTPases in host responses against extracellular pathogens. To investigate possible roles of IGTP and IRG-47 in the course of Schistosoma japonicum infection, IGTP and IRG-47 knockout and wild-type (WT) mice were challenged with cercariae of S. japonicum, and host responses were analyzed. At the acute stage of S. japonicum infection, mice that lacked IGTP displayed similar parasite burden and pathological damage to WT mice. Importantly, S. ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3119455 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3119455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968081&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19887044%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chang RC, Chiu K, Ho YS, So KF It has long been known that the brain is an immunologically privileged site in normal conditions. Although the cascade of immune responses can occur as long as there is a neuronal injury or a potent immune stimulation, how the brain keeps glial cells in a quiescent state is still unclear. Increasing efforts have been made by several laboratories to elucidate how repression of immune responses is achieved in the neuronal environment. The suppression factors include neurotransmitters, neurohormones, neurotrophic factors, anti-inflammatory factors, and cell-cell contact via adhesion molecules or CD200 receptor. This review discusses how these factors affect the cascade of cerebral immune responses because no single factor listed above can fully acco... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968081 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968080&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19887045%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang S, Liu Z, Wang L, Zhang X There is growing evidence for a connection between inflammation and tumor development, and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), a proinflammatory transcription factor, is hypothesized to promote tumorigenesis. Although the genetic evidence for the hypothesis has been lacking, recent papers have lent credence to this hypothesis. It has been reported that constitutive NF-kappaB activation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) increases risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the patients with the number of years of active disease. NF-kappaB activation might induce cellular transformation, mediate cellular proliferation, prevent the elimination of pre-neoplastic and fully malignant cells by up-regulating the anti-apoptosis proteins. Furthermore, NF-ka... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968080 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968079&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19887046%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, tryptanthrin was shown to suppress the proliferation of the murine myeloid leukemia WEHI-3B JCS cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It also significantly reduced the growth of WEHI-3B JCS cells in vivo in syngeneic BALB/c mice. However, it exhibited no significant direct cytotoxicity on normal murine peritoneal macrophages. Flow cytometric analysis showed an obvious cell cycle arrest of the tryptanthrin-treated WEHI-3B JCS cells at the G0/G1 phase. The expression of cyclin D2, D3, Cdk 2, 4 and 6 genes in WEHI-3B JCS cells was found to be down-regulated at 24 h as measured by RT-PCR. Morphological and functional studies revealed that tryptanthrin could induce differentiation in WEHI-3B JCS cells, as shown by the increases in vacuolation, cellular granularity and NBT-r... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968079 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968078&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19887047%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: He M, Xu Z, Ding T, Kuang DM, Zheng L Macrophages (Mphi) are prominent components of solid tumors and exhibit distinct phenotypes in different microenvironments. We have recently found that tumors can alter the normal developmental process of Mphi to trigger transient activation of monocytes, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we showed that the protein expression of transcription factor C/EBPbeta was markedly elevated in tumor-associated Mphi both in vitro and human tumors in situ. The expression of C/EBP protein correlated with cytokine production in tumor-activated monocytes. Moreover, we found that C/EBPbeta expression was regulated at the post-transcriptional level and correlated with sustained reduction of microRNA-155 (miR-155) i... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968078 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968077&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19887048%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we have characterized NK cell differentiation and maturation in the BM of leptin-receptor deficient db/db mice at a prediabetic stage. Although the BM cellularity was similar to the control value, the total number of NK cells was severely reduced in mutant mice. Flow cytometric analysis of db/db BM cells revealed significantly decreased frequencies of developing NK cells at various stages of differentiation. BM db/db NK cells displayed markedly increased apoptosis but maintained normal cell cycling status and proliferative capacity. Moreover, recombinant leptin could significantly enhance the survival of NK cells from wild-type mice in cultures. Further examination on NK cell functional activity showed that db/db NK cells exhibited normal intrinsic cytotoxicity with signific... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968077 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968076&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19887049%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was undertaken to investigate whether levels of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies (ASCMA) in human sera, a marker for several autoimmune diseases, correlate with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ASCMA-IgA, -IgG and -IgM levels were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in patients with RA (n = 30) and 152 healthy adult controls. ASCMA-IgA prevalence was significantly higher in RA patients (40%) than in healthy subjects (5.3%). A strong correlation between levels of ASCMA-IgA and CRP (r = 0.695; p < 0.01) and ESR (r = 0.708; p < 0.01) in RA patients was observed. No significant differences in ASCMA-IgG or IgM levels were noted between RA patients and healthy control subjects in the present study. This result differs from previous reports. It remai... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968076 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968075&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19887050%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we have established a human-thymus-SCID chimaera model to further investigate the underlying mechanism of EBV-induced CD8(+) NKT cells in suppressing EBV-associated malignancies. In the human-thymus-SCID chimera, EBV-induced CD8(+) NKT cells suppress EBV-associated malignancies in a manner dependent on the Th1-bias response and syngeneic CD3(+) T cells. However, adoptive transfer with CD4(+) NKT cells alone inhibits T cell immunity. Interestingly, CD4(+) NKT cells themselves secrete high levels of IL-2, enhancing the persistence of adoptively transferred CD8(+) NKT cells and T cells, thereby leading to a more pronounced T cell anti-tumour response in chimaeras co-transferred with CD4(+) and CD8(+) NKT cells. Thus, immune reconstitution with EBV-induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) NKT ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968075 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968074&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19887051%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li J, Luo L, Wang X, Liao B, Li G Andrographolide from traditional Chinese herbal medicines previously showed it possesses a strong anti-inflammatory activity. In present study, we investigated whether Andrographolide could inhibit allergen-induced airway inflammation and airways hyper-responsiveness and explored the mechanism of Andrographolide on allergen-induced airway inflammation and airways hyper-responsiveness. After sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin, the BALB/c mice were administered intraperitoneally with Andrographolide. Hyper-responsiveness was recorded. The lung tissues were assessed by histological examinations. NF-kappaB in lung was determined by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. Treatment of mice with Androqrapholide displayed lower Penh in ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968074 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968073&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19887052%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang Y, Cui X, Tai G, Ge J, Li N, Chen F, Yu F, Liu Z Activin A, a multifunctional factor of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, is mainly produced by microglia and macrophages, and its anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory activities are both related to macrophage functions. However the direct effect of activin A on the rest macrophages in vivo remains unclear. In the present study, the results showed that activin A not only increased NO and IL-1beta release, but also promoted phagocytic abilities of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo, whereas it did not influence MHC I and MHC II expression. Moreover, we found that activin A significantly upregulated the expressions of CD14 and CD68, markers of mature macrophages, on the surface of mac... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968073 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2770511&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19728924%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu J, Ali MA, Shi Y, Zhao Y, Luo F, Yu J, Xiang T, Tang J, Li D, Hu Q, Ho W, Zhang X L-ficolin, one of lectin families, is a recently identified complement factor that initiates lectin pathway of complement. Little is known about its role in viral hepatitis. In the present study, we found that L-ficolin in serum from 103 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV), were significantly higher than that in 150 healthy controls. We further found that L-ficolin expressions were significantly increased in vitro study by HCV JFH-1 infected human hepatocyte cell line Huh7.5.1. Investigation of the mechanisms of the L-ficolin action on HCV demonstrated that L-ficolin protein could recognize and bind to envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 of HCV, activating the lectin complement pathway-mediate... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2770511 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2770511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2770510&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19728925%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study the anterior tip of the larvae of housefly was cut off with a pair of fine scissors and hemolymph was collected and exuded in an ice-cold test tube. From the hemolymph an antifungal substance was isolated by solid-phase extraction combined with reverse phase-high performance liquid chromotography (RP-HPLC) and named as Musca domestica antifungal peptide-1 (MAF-1). Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed its molecular weight was 17 kDa. UV absorption spectra revealed that this antifungal substance possessed the characteristics of protein peptides. Analysis by fingerprint-identification and tandem mass spectrometry suggested MAF-1 was an unknown protein. Edman degradation identified the sequence of 30 amino acids of its N-terminal which matc... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2770510 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2770510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2770509&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19728926%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tang X, Bu X, Zhang N, Li X, Huang H, Bai H, Yang X We previously reported that massive infiltration of neutrophils in C3H/HeN (C3H) mice could not efficiently control Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) infection and might contribute to the high susceptibility of these mice to lung infection. To further define the nature of neutrophil responses in C3H mice during chlamydial infection, we examine the expression of adhesion molecules and CD11b related to neutrophils infiltration and activation, respectively, following intranasal Cm infection. The results showed that the expression of selectins (E-selectin, P-selectin and L-selectin), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the lung of C3H mice increased more significantly than in C57BL/6 (B6) mice, the more resistant strain... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2770509 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2770509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2770508&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19728927%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dai J, Wu L, Zhang C, Zheng X, Tian Z, Zhang J HMBOX1 was a novel transcription factor possibly involving in function of pancreas and cytotoxicity of NK cells. For function determination, recombinant human HMBOX1 protein was obtained and purified, and the monoclonal antibodies against HMBOX1 were prepared. The full-length cDNA fragment encoding HMBOX1 was amplified from NK-92 cells and inserted into prokaryotic expression vector pET22b. The pET22b-HMBOX1-6his vector was then transformed into E. coli Rosetta (DE3) and induced by 1 mM IPTG for 4 h at 37 degrees Celsius. The fusion HMBOX1 protein was mainly expressed in inclusion bodies, which was purified and refolded using Ni2+-affinity chromatography. With the purified fusion HMBOX1 protein as antigen, monoclonal antibodies ag... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2770508 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2770508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2770507&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19728928%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides a rationale for the DC-based immunotherapy against EBV-LMP2A expressing malignancies. PMID: 19728928 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2770507 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2770507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2770506&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19728929%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang J, Chen X, Zhang S, Zhou G, Xia X, Lu L Studies have demonstrated estrogen replacement therapy can improve the life quality of surgically menopausal women. However, the mechanisms in this process remain poorly defined. Here we show the effect of transdermal estrogen therapy on expressions of estrogen receptors and T-lymphocyte apoptosis in surgically postmenopausal women. Fifteen surgically menopausal women, 15 naturally menopausal women and 15 young women were chosen in our studies. Peripheral vein blood was collected and serum E2 and FSH levels were assessed using ACCESS. T-lymphocyte apoptosis and the expressions of Fas, FasL and ER subtypes and were determined. The serum E2 levels of surgically menopausal woman were significantly higher, and the "Improved Kupperman I... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2770506 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2770506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2770505&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19728930%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, RGD-FasL appears to be a low-toxicity selective inducer of tumor cell death, which merits further investigation in preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, this approach offers a versatile technology for complexing target ligands with therapeutic recombinant proteins. To distinguish the anti-tumor effects of FasL in vivo, tumor and liver tissues were harvested to examine for evidence of necrotic cells, tumor cells, or apoptotic cells by Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. PMID: 19728930 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2770505 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2770505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2770504&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19728931%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, mouse FADD (80-205) containing DD domain and C-terminal region, designated as C-FADD, was expressed in E. coli with His-tag at the N-terminus and purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography. The purified protein existed as a homogenous monomer in glutaraldehyde cross-linking analysis and exhibited a typical alpha-helix spectrum in CD (circular dichroism) assay. In vitro His-tag pull-down assay demonstrated that the purified C-FADD possessed the CK Ialpha-binding activity which was important for its non-apoptotic function. PMID: 19728931 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2770504 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2770504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2770503&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19728932%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Becerril EV, Fernández RG, Torres LP, Lacomba MS, Galera JM To research whether specific alleles HLA class I (HLA-A and HLA-B) and class II (HLA-DR) are risk factors for the development of exudative type of Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD), HLA antigens are expressed both in normal and affected eyes with ARMD. We designed a prospective case-controlled study. We recruited 75 patients with choroidal neovascularization predominantly classic or occult, secondary to ARMD, and treated with photodynamic therapy. Two hundred and fifty patients over 55 years old, without ophthalmologic pathology who went to hospital for an analytical routine check were used as control. The analysis of the data shows a significant difference between two groups. Allele HLA-B27 correlated posi... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2770503 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2770503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2770502&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19728933%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang P, Du X, Sun Z, Xu L The aims of this study were to observe the relationship between injury of graft and expression of redox factor-1 (Ref-1) in early period (24 h) after liver transplantation in rat model. One hundred and fifty adult male Wister rats were randomly divided into three groups including liver transplant group, sham surgery group and untreated control group. After liver transplantation, animals were sacrificed at different time points, and the changes and significance of the expression of Ref-1 were then explored by immunohistochemistry, serology and histopathology. As compared with sham surgery group and untreated control group, the expression of Ref-1 protein in transplant group was stronger in early period after liver transplantation. With pathology analy... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2770502 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2770502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562716&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567198%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we have characterized the phenotype and ultimate function of MDDCs from CRM for the first time. PMID: 19567198 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562716 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2562716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562715&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567199%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu Z, Liu R, Qiu J, Yin P, Luo F, Su J, Li W, Chen C, Fan X, Zhang J, Zhuang G The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor, even with the combined treatment of curative resection and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. To solve this problem, many biologic therapies have been investigated. Fas ligand (FasL, CD95L) is mainly expressed in activated T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, and plays a central role in both cell-mediated immunity and immune downregulation. Several studies have shown that FasL is expressed in HCC. In the present report, we prepared recombinant human pET-22b(+)/FasL protein and investigated the effect of FasL on HCC cells in vitro and on tumor growth in a murine HCC tumor model. The well-known cytotoxic chemotherapeutic reagent adriamycin (AD... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562715 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2562715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562714&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567200%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we showed B cell apoptosis was significantly inhibited by addition of CpG DNA. Treatment of CpG DNA could reduce the expression of caspase 3, increase IAP and Bcl-xL expressions, and inhibit p53 protein expression which level was increased in B cell spontaneous apoptosis at 24 h. AKT kinase activity was increased with the incubation of CpG DNA. The wortmannin and Ly294002 could abrogate the protection of B cell from apoptosis by CpG DNA. The up-regulations of Bcl-xL and IAP by CpG DNA were not inhibited when blocking PI3K by specific inhibitor Ly294002, while the inhibition of p53 by CpG DNA could be blocked by Ly294002. These results demonstrated that the inhibition of spontaneous B cell apoptosis by CpG DNA was correlated to up-regulation of Bcl-xL, IAP and down-regulation... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562714 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2562714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562713&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567201%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we preliminarily investigated the mechanism of internalization of CCR9 on MOLT4 cell model (a human leukemia T-cell line, naturally expresses CCR9) and found that IL-2 upregulated the cell surface expression of IL-4Ralpha (CD124) greatly, whereas IL-4 had no significant influence on alpha (CD25) and beta subunits (CD122) of IL-2R. Moreover, specific inhibitors, such as staurosporine, H89 and heparin, inhibited internalization of CCR9, which indicated a role of protein kinase C (PKC) and G protein-coupled kinase 2 (GRK2), respectively. Furthermore, GRK2 was upregulated and translocated to cell membrane in IL-2 and IL-4 treated cells which indicated that PKC could be a prerequisite for GRK2 activity. PMID: 19567201 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immu... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562713 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2562713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562712&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567202%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yuan J, Li P, Tao J, Shi X, Hu B, Chen H, Guo X Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) persistently colonizes the gastric mucosa despite a vigorous immune response. Vacuolating cytotoxin secreted by H. pylori has turned out to be a potent immunomodulatory toxin, but the signal transduction pathways involved has not been studied in macrophages. We observed in this study that vacA-deficient H. pylori induced significantly higher expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and endothelial nitric oxygen synthase (eNOS), and significantly more production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in monocyte/macrophage-like U937 cells, as compared with isogenic vacA+ H. pylori. The expression of eNOS mRNA in U937 cells overexpressing ILK was markedly increased compared with those transfected with em... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562712 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2562712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562711&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567203%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ma L, Zhao G, Hua C, Li X, Zhao X, Sun L, Hou Y Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is expressed intracellularly by dendritic cells (DCs) and specifically recognizes unmethylated CpG motif. Recognition of TLR9 to CpG DNA can induce DC maturation followed by the subsequent immune responses. Here, RNA interference (RNAi) was used to identify the effect of CpG DNA signaling on DC function. The results showed that transfection of DCs with siRNA specific for TLR9 gene significantly down-regulated TLR9 expression. Immature DCs transfected with TLR9 siRNA did not differentiate into mature DCs with exposure to CpG. TLR9 siRNA-treated DCs expressed low levels of MHC II and CD40 without reducing endocytosis. Furthermore, TLR9 siRNA-transfected DCs exhibited a decreased allostimulatory capacity ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562711 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2562711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562710&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567204%26dopt%3DAbstract This study strongly suggested transplantation with MSCs could reduce neuronal injury post focal cerebral ischemia in rats partly by regulating the expressions of IL-10 and TNF-alpha in the brain. PMID: 19567204 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562710 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2562710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562709&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567205%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li R, Xi Y, Liu X, Chen G, Wang B, Jiang L, Li W To investigate immunoregulatory mechanisms of Sertoli cells in the testis in vitro and in vivo, we utilized our well-characterized Ureaplasma Urealyticum (UU)-induced model. We investigated the expressions of IL-1alpha, IL-6, TGF-beta, FasL and ZNF265 at the first, second and third weeks post-infection. During recovery from inflammation and with the help of negative regulators TGF-beta and FasL, the high levels of IL-1alpha and IL-6 expressions were observed in the early stages of the infection, and decreased gradually in the later weeks both in vitro and in vivo. The trend of varied expression of ZNF265 was similar to those of TGF-beta and FasL in vitro and in vivo for Sertoli cells infected with UU. PMID: 19567205 [PubMed ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562709 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2562709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562708&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19567206%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guo Y, Zhao G, Tanaka S, Yamaguchi T In this experiment Toll-like receptor expression pattern in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was examined. Jugular venous blood was collected from four Japanese calves, and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated. The cells were directly used for collecting monocytes by magnetic cell sorting or cultured for 7 days to collect monocyte-derived macrophages in Repcell. Then we analyzed the mRNA expression pattern of TLRs and cytokines in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages after LPS stimulation for 24 h. LPS stimulation of both monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages resulted in an increase in the levels of mRNA transcripts for TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8. Moreover, T... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562708 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2562708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2547955&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19403056%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stefanska AM, Walsh PT Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an irreversible limitation on pulmonary airflow associated with chronic inflammation and mucous hypersecretion (chronic bronchitis) and/or the pathological destruction of alveolar airspaces leading to emphysema. COPD, predominantly as a result of tobacco smoke exposure, represents the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide and its prevalence is increasing. Despite this, much of the basic mechanisms which contribute to disease progression remain to be elucidated and current therapeutic approaches are, for the most part, based upon alleviating patient symptoms (bronchodilators) as opposed to treating the underlying pathological mechanisms triggered in response to cigarette smoke exposure... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2547955 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2547955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2547953&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19403057%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we constructed adenoviral vector coding SOCS1 (Ad-SOCS1) that can efficiently increase SOCS1 gene expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. DCs transduced with Ad-SOCS1 (DC-SOCS1) expressed low levels of costimulatory and MHC molecules, were resistant to maturation and activation stimulation, induced allogeneic T-cell hyporesponsiveness, and promoted the generation of regulatory-like T cells in vitro. DC-SOCS1 pretreatment significantly prolonged the survival of allografts and led to a substantial increase in the generation of regulatory T cells. Our data suggest that SOCS1 inhibits DC maturation and induces regulatory DC generation, therefore possessing therapeutic potential to prevent rejection in organ transplantation. PMID: 19403057 [PubMed - in process] (So... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2547953 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2547953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2547951&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19403058%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we predicted six HLA-A2 restricted CTL candidate epitopes of LMP2A by SYFPEITHI, NetMHC and MHCPred methods combined with the polynomial method. Subsequently, biological functions of these peptides were tested by experiments in vitro. In ELISPOT assay, the positive response of the LMP2A specific CTL stimulated by three (LMP2A(264-272), LMP2A(426-434) and LMP2A(356-364)) of six peptides respectively showed that the numbers of spots forming cells (SFC) ranged from 55.7 to 80.6 SFC/50,000 CD8(+) T cells and the responding index (RI) ranged from 5.4 to 7. These three epitope-specific CTLs could effectively kill specific HLA-A2-expressing target cells. As a result, LMP2A(264-272) (QLSPLLGAV), LMP2A(426-434) (CLGGLLTMV) and LMP2A(356-364) (FLYALALLL) were identified as LMP2A-speci... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2547951 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2547951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2547949&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19403059%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we further analyzed the restrictive usage of TCR V alpha and V beta gene families and investigated the CDR3 gene sequence of pp65 peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells. Analysis of CDR3 spectratypes suggested a restricted usage of TCR alpha chain AV8, AV12, AV21, AV31 families and TCR beta chain BV3, BV14, BV21, BV23, BV11 families in donor CD8(+) T cells stimulated by pp65 peptide. The sequences of these T cells involved similar sequence (TX) G (X) A in CDR3 region of TCR alpha chain and L (XT) G (X) A in TCR beta chain. PMID: 19403059 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2547949 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2547949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2547947&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19403060%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the effect of acute morphine administration on the reactivation of latent herpes was investigated in a mouse model. Because of the important role of cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in the inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) reactivation, the effect of acute morphine administration on CTL responses was also evaluated. Furthermore, lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma production were evaluated for their roles in the induction of the CTL response. The findings showed that acute morphine administration significantly reduced CTL responses, lymphocyte proliferation, and IFN-gamma production. Furthermore, acute morphine administration has been shown to reactivate latent HSV-1. Previous studies have shown that cellular immune responses have important roles in t... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2547947 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2547947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2547945&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19403061%26dopt%3DAbstract We reported in this study the procedure for preparation of a soluble Mamu-B*1703 (a MHC class I molecule of Chinese macaques) monomer and tetramer loaded with a dominant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) epitope IW9 (IRYPKTFGW) that was identified to be Mamu-B*1701-restricted in Indian macaques. The DNA fragment encoding the Mamu-B*1703 extracellular domain fused with a BirA substrate peptide (BSP) was amplified from a previously cloned cDNA and inserted into a prokaratic expression vector. In the presence of the antigenic peptide IW9 and light chain beta2-microglobulin, the expressed heavy chain was refolded into a soluble monomer. After biotinylation, four monomers were polymerized as a tetramer by phycoerythrin-conjugated streptavidin. The tetramer, having been confirmed to have the r... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2547945 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2547945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2547943&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19403062%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yu Y, Wu H, Tang Z, Zang G To determine whether RNA interference (RNAi) could block cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) in human lymphocytes in vitro and promote IFN-gamma and IL-2 secretions, three small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were selected based on target specificity sequences of human CTLA4 and transfected into human lymphocytes of chronic HBV patients. As a result, the expression of human CTLA4 mRNA was efficiently suppressed by all the three siRNAs. Compared with negative control (siRNA-co), siRNA-1 inhibited the expression of CTLA4 most efficiently and was used in the further study. The expressions of IFN-gamma and IL-2 were upregulated and the level of IL-4 was almost unchanged in lymphocytes transfected with siRNA-1 compared with the blank control. These result... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2547943 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2547943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2547941&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19403063%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we reported a direct effect of activin A as a pro-inflammatory factor on mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells. Our data revealed that activin A could not only increase IL-1 beta and IL-6 production from RAW264.7 cells, but also promote pinocytic and phagocytic activities of RAW264.7 cells. In addition, activin A obviously up-regulated MHC II expression on the surface of RAW264.7 cells, whereas did not influence MHC I expression. Activin A also enhanced CD80 expression, which is a marker of activated macrophages, but did not influence RAW264.7 cell proliferation. These data suggest that activin A may regulate primary macrophage-mediated innate and acquired immune response via promoting the activation of rest macrophages. PMID: 19403063 [PubMed - in process] (Source: ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2547941 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2547941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2547939&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19403064%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu T, Liu W, Song Z, Jiao C, Zhu M, Wang X In the processing and presentation of antigenic peptides bound by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule, the ubiquitin-proteasome system of the eukaryotic cells plays an important role in proteolysis and degradation. The ubiquitinated protein substrate is delivered into the 26S proteasome to be digested and degraded. The proteasome degrading substrate is actually protein-protein interactions. Some researches of predicting proteasome cleave site rarely gave the information of the proteasome interacting with its substrate, and so the accuracy and reliability of these proteasome cleavage predictive methods still need to be improved. This paper used support vector machine method (SVM) to predict the proteasomal clea... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2547939 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2547939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2547937&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19403065%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we used multiplex cytokine assay to assess the plasma levels of 22 cytokines in patients with MCI subtyped as amnestic and non-amnestic, according to cognitive features. When comparing the levels of plasma growth factors, chemokines and cytokines, plasma levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (MCP-3), and beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) in these two groups, they were found to be significantly higher in amnestic MCI patients than in non-amnestic MCI patients, after adjusting for age and gender. This suggests that plasma MCP-3 and beta-NGF may be useful in differentiating subtypes of MCI. PMID: 19403065 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2547937 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2547937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2547935&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19403066%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, an approach was taken to study the characteristics of sensitized mast cell degranulation in vitro, which associated with the study of mast cells and animal models. BALB/c mice were immunized respectively by several food allergens, then blood and peritoneal mast cells were collected at different time points. A dynamic determination was carried out between mast cells and serumal IgE. Comparative analysis on sequential time points showed that there was a close coincidence between mast cell degranulation and IgE antibody titers in sensitized BALB/c mice. Furthermore, it is interesting that sensitized mast cells could implement specific degranulation against the challenges in vitro, but the closely tropomyosins induced mast cell degranulation displayed cross reactions. This is ve... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2547935 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2547935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2242901&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19254475%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Qin FX Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing forkhead/winged-helix transcription factor Foxp3 represent a distinct lineage of lymphocytes which play a central role in protecting the host from autoimmune diseases. However, Tregs also pose a major problem to anti-tumor immunity. Growing body of evidence from both laboratory and clinical investigations has demonstrated that expansion and accumulation of these immunosuppressive cells correlates with advanced tumor growth and predicts poor disease prognosis. How tumor development subverts normal self-tolerance function of Tregs thereby thwarts host anti-tumor immunity remains elusive. This review will discuss our current knowledge in understanding the dynamics and plasticity of Foxp3+ Treg activation and induction in tumor bearing ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2242901 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2242901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2242898&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19254478%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ju Y, Hou N, Zhang XN, Zhao D, Liu Y, Wang JJ, Luan F, Shi W, Zhu FL, Sun WS, Zhang LN, Gao CJ, Gao LF, Liang XH, Ma CH T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) has been reported to participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, whether Tim-3 is involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains unknown. Here, we studied the expression and function of Tim-3 in a hydrodynamics-based mouse model of HBV infection. A significant increase of Tim-3 expression on hepatic T lymphocytes, especially on CD8+ T cells, was demonstrated in HBV model mice from day 7 to day 18. After Tim-3 knockdown by specific shRNAs, significantly increased IFN-gamma production from hepatic CD8+ T cells in HBV model mice was observed. Very interestingly, w... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2242898 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2242898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2235598&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19254475%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Qin FX Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing forkhead/winged-helix transcription factor Foxp3 represent a distinct lineage of lymphocytes which play a central role in protecting the host from autoimmune diseases. However, Tregs also pose a major problem to anti-tumor immunity. Growing body of evidence from both laboratory and clinical investigations has demonstrated that expansion and accumulation of these immunosuppressive cells correlates with advanced tumor growth and predicts poor disease prognosis. How tumor development subverts normal self-tolerance function of Tregs thereby thwarts host anti-tumor immunity remains elusive. This review will discuss our current knowledge in understanding the dynamics and plasticity of Foxp3(+) Treg activation and induction in tumor bearin... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2235598 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2235598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2235597&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19254476%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chavez-Galan L, Arenas-Del Angel MC, Zenteno E, Chavez R, Lascurain R One of the functions of the immune system is to recognize and destroy abnormal or infected cells to maintain homeostasis. This is accomplished by cytotoxic lymphocytes. Cytotoxicity is a highly organized multifactor process. Here, we reviewed the apoptosis pathways induced by the two main cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets, natural killer (NK) cells and CD8(+) T cells. In base to recent experimental evidence, we reviewed NK receptors involved in recognition of target-cell, as well as lytic molecules such as perforin, granzymes-A and -B, and granulysin. In addition, we reviewed the Fas-FasL intercellular linkage mediated pathway, and briefly the cross-linking of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor pathway.... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2235597 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2235597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2235596&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19254477%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu GY, Liu SX, Li P, Tang L, Han YM, An HZ, Li JY, Dai XK, Li N, Cao XT, Yu YZ We identified a novel ubiquitin-like molecule DULP from human dendritic cells. DULP contains a domain that shares 26% identity and 34% similarity with ubiquitin, and it possesses the corresponding Ile-44 hydrophobic patch used by mono- or poly-ubiquitin to interact with a ubiquitin-interaction motif (UIM) or ubiquitin-associated domain (UBA). Lysine residue corresponding to 6 of ubiquitin, which is involved in the formation of a multi-ubiquitin chain that can bind proteasomal subunit Rpn10/S5a, is also conserved in its ubiquitin-homology domain. However, DULP does not possess the highly conserved C-terminus Gly-Gly required for ubiquitin conjugation or the Lys-48 required for the formation of polyu... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2235596 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2235596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2235595&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19254478%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ju Y, Hou N, Zhang XN, Zhao D, Liu Y, Wang JJ, Luan F, Shi W, Zhu FL, Sun WS, Zhang LN, Gao CJ, Gao LF, Liang XH, Ma CH T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) has been reported to participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, whether Tim-3 is involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains unknown. Here, we studied the expression and function of Tim-3 in a hydrodynamics-based mouse model of HBV infection. A significant increase of Tim-3 expression on hepatic T lymphocytes, especially on CD8(+) T cells, was demonstrated in HBV model mice from day 7 to day 18. After Tim-3 knockdown by specific shRNAs, significantly increased IFN-gamma production from hepatic CD8(+) T cells in HBV model mice was observed. Very interestingl... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2235595 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2235595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2235594&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19254479%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was to prepare the chitosan-pDer p 2 nanoparticles and to investigate the effect of chitosan-DNA nanoparticles on immune response in mice by oral delivery of chitosan-DNA nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized by complexing chitosan with plasmid DNA. The DNA was fully complexed into chitosan-DNA nanoparticles, suggesting a 100% encapsulation efficiency. Chitosan-DNA complex renders a significant protection of the plasmid. No effect on cell viability was observed in both cell types and average cell viability over 100% was obtained. Oral gene delivery with chitosan-DNA nanoparticles can generate a higher level expression of gene in vivo. Oral chitosan-pDer p 2 nanoparticles in BALB/c mice can induce IFN-gamma in serum and prevent subsequent sensitization of Th2 cell-reg... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2235594 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2235594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2235593&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19254480%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the effect of aerosolized STAT1 ASON on the expressions of inflammatory mediators, hydroxyproline and type I and type III collagen mRNA in BLM-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis. The results showed that STAT1 ASON applied by aerosolization could ameliorate alveolitis and fibrosis, inhibit the expressions of inflammatory mediators, decrease the content of hydroxyproline, and suppress the expressions of type I and type III collagen mRNA in lung tissue in BLM-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis. These results suggest that aerosolized STAT1 ASON might be considered as a promising new strategy in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. PMID: 19254480 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2235593 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2235593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2235592&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19254481%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shi XX, Zhang B, Zang JL, Wang GY, Gao MH CD59, belonging to membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs), inhibits the cytolytic activity of complement and is over-expressed in solid cancers, including ovary cancer. The aim of the present study was to construct recombinant retrovirus encoding shRNA targeted human CD59 and infect A2780 cells in order to investigate the relationship between decreased CD59 expression and tumorigenesis of ovary cancer. siCD59 and siCD59-C were successfully constructed and identified by PCR, restriction endonuclease analyses and DNA sequencing, respectively. The siCD59 was able to efficiently infect A2780 cells, which was confirmed by Western blotting. When incubated with fresh normal human serum (8%, v/v) for 1 h at 37 degrees centigrade, the ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2235592 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2235592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2235591&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19254482%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu LJ, Wang YY, Zheng XD, Gui XD, Tao LF, Wei HM Tuberculosis remains the worldwide infectious disease. To identify the therapeutic potential of M. vaccae in treating tuberculosis, M. vaccae was injected into Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infected mice. The optimal dose of M. vaccae (22.5 mug/mouse) treated mice showed lower pathological change index, spleen weight index, lung weight index and vital M. tuberculosis count than those of the untreated group. Treatment with M. vaccae enhanced the percentages of CD3(+) and CD4(+) T cells, IFN-gamma(+)CD4(+) T cells, innate immune cells including NK cells, NK1.1(+) T cells and gammadeltaT cells, and reduced the percentage of IL-4(+)CD4(+) T cells. Therefore, M. vaccae could protect the mice from M. tuberculosis infect... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2235591 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2235591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2235590&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19254483%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ma CQ, Li CH, Wang XR, Zeng RH, Yin XL, Feng HD, Wei L Group A streptococcus (GAS), an important human pathogen, can cause various kinds of infections including superficial infections and potentially lethal infections, and the search for an effective vaccine to prevent GAS infections has been ongoing for many years. This paper compares the immunogenicity and immunoprotection of FbaA (an Fn-binding protein expressed on the surface of GAS) with that of M protein, the best immunogen of GAS. Assay for immune response showed that FbaA, similar to M protein, could induce protein-specific high IgG titer in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, following GAS challenge, the mice immunized with FbaA showed the same protective rate as those with M protein. These results indicate that FbaA is similar... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2235590 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2235590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2076851&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19118505%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lu L, Cantor H Research into the suppressive activity of CD4(+)FoxP3(+) T regulatory cells (Treg) has defined a sublineage of CD4(+) cells that contribute to self-tolerance and resistance to autoimmune disease. Much less attention has been given to the potential contribution of regulatory sublineages of CD8(+) cells. Analysis of a small fraction of CD8(+) cells that target autoreactive CD4(+) cells through recognition of the MHC class Ib molecule Qa-1 in mouse and HLA-E in human has revitalized interest in CD8(+) Treg. Here we summarize recent progress and future directions of research into the role of this CD8(+) sublineage in resistance to autoimmune disease. PMID: 19118505 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2076851 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2076851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2076850&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19118506%26dopt%3DAbstract This study thus expands the current knowledge in T cell-mediated autoimmunity and provides insight into the nature of CD4(+) T cell-mediated help in CD8(+) CTL induction. PMID: 19118506 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2076850 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2076850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2076849&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19118507%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we aimed to investigate whether transplantation of human bone marrow derived MSC affects the autoimmune pathogenesis in MRL/lpr mice. We found that human MSC from healthy donors reduced the proliferation of T lymphocytes from MRL/lpr mice in a dose-dependent fashion. Two weeks after in vivo transfer of MSC, we detected significantly reduced serum levels of anti ds-DNA antibodies and 24 hour proteinuria in MRL/lpr mice as compared with control groups without MSC transplantation. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis revealed markedly reduced number of CD4(+) T cells while increased Th1 subpopulation in MSC group and MSC + CTX group when compared with controls. Histopathological examination showed significantly reduced renal pathology in MSC-treated mice. Immunohistochemical stud... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2076849 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2076849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2076848&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19118508%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mchenga SS, Wang D, Li C, Shan F, Lu C The role of interleukin 25 (IL-25) in a number of human diseases still has not been extensively studied, here we attempt to evaluate the role of recombinant IL-25 (rIL-25) in the development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. Acute colitis was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by oral administration of 2.5% DSS in drinking water ad libitum. At the same time as the start of DSS exposure, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.4 microg of rIL-25 or PBS. Then disease activity index (DAI), histological changes and survival rate were observed. The levels of IL-17, IL-23, and TGF-beta1 in colon tissues were determined by ELISA, and the production of IL-17 by CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cells was detected by intracellular flow c... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2076848 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2076848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2076847&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19118509%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang F, Tong X, Deng H, Fu L, Zhang R Gab2 plays an important role in FcepsilonRI mediated signal events which lead to degranulation from mast cells. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the synthetic Gab2 (scaffolding adapter Grb2-associated binder 2) siRNA on the antigen-induced activation of RBL-2H3 cells. A double stranded siRNA against Gab2-mRNA was synthesized and transfected into RBL-2H3 cells. After 6 h, cells were then sensitized with dinitrophenyl (DNP)-specific IgE overnight and challenged with dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin (DNP-HSA) to induce mast cell degranulation before supernatants were collected. Effects of Gab2 siRNA on antigen-induced release of beta-hexosaminidase and histamine, cytokine production and regulation of the proteins ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2076847 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2076847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2076846&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19118510%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li J, Kong Q, Lv Z, Guan Y, Qiu Y, Li C, Sun M, Liu Z, An Y In previous research, chimerical BPI23-Fcgamma1 gene which consisted of human bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) gene of encoding the functional N terminus (amino acid residues 1 to 199) of human BPI and Fcgamma1 gene of encoding the Fc segment of human immunoglobulin G1 was successfully reconstructed within a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (rAAV2) vector as rAAV2-BPI23-Fcgamma1. Here, to evaluate the potentiality of applying gene therapy to gram negative bacterial (GNB) infection in high-risk patients, we investigated protection of immuno-compromised mice and immunocompetent mice from challenge with minimal lethal dose (MLD) Klebsiella pneumonia infection after rAAV2-BPI23-Fcgamma1 gene... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2076846 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2076846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2076845&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19118511%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a panel of 22 N- and/or C-terminal truncated and 6 site-directed mutated p166Chn proteins were prepared. Only those N- or C-terminal truncated proteins containing the region 477-613 aa could react with the mAb 1G10, suggesting the neutralization epitope of HEV genotype 4 is located between aa477 and aa613. However, a both N- and C-terminal truncated protein, pN477-C613, neither reacted to 1G10 nor elicited neutralizing antibodies in mice, while another both terminal truncated protein, pN472-C617, did, suggesting the flanking regions of the pN477-C613 could help to stabilize and allow presentation of the neutralization epitope to the immune system. Substituting Leu477 and/or Leu613 with the polar, uncharged threonine (Thr) caused > or =50% reduction of the mutants' immunor... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2076845 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2076845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2076844&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19118512%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lu Z, Zhang B, Chen S, Gai Z, Feng Z, Liu X, Liu Y, Wen X, Li L, Jiao Y, Ma C, Shao S, Cui X, Chen G, Li J, Zhao Y Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes can regulate the activation of NK and T cells upon interaction with HLA class I molecules. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been regarded as a multi-factorial disorder disease. Previous studies revealed that KIRs were involved in HCV and HIV infection or clearance. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of the inheritance of KIR genotypes and haplotypes as a candidate for susceptibility to persistent HBV infection or HBV clearance. The sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) was employed to identify the KIR genes and pseudogenes in 150 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 251 sp... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2076844 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2076844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2076843&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19118513%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu H, He X, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Shi D, Zhang X B cell activating factor belonging to TNF superfamily (BAFF) is a critical regulator of B cell maturation and survival. In this present study, the expression characteristic of BAFF in kidney transplantation recipients was investigated, its potential significance was analyzed and peripheral blood of follow-up kidney transplant recipients was studied. Flow cytometric assay results showed that, cell-surface BAFF was significantly highly expressed on peripheral CD3(+) T lymphocytes in > or = 5 yrs group of kidney transplant recipients, compared with other groups (p < 0.05). BAFF expression could be found on CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells. The BAFF mRNA levels in peripheral mononuclear cells were consistent with the protein ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2076843 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2076843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2076842&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19118514%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marikar FM, Ma D, Ye J, Tang B, Zheng W, Zhang J, Lu M, Hua Z The wild-type human Fas-associated death domain (FADD) protein was expressed as a His-tag fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Recombinant FADD proteins were purified under the denatured condition. After denatured protein purification, it was refolded and obtained at a yield of about 23 mg/L. Purified FADD exhibited as a homogenous band corresponding to the molecular weight of 31 kDa. Immunization of rabbits against the refolded FADD protein was allowed the production of high titre polyclonal antiserum. This new polyclonal antibody could recognize recombinant FADD protein in Western blot. Immunoreactivity was also observed in immunofluorescence assay. The low cost polyclonal antiserum was applicable to extensive dete... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2076842 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2076842 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2076841&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19118515%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wen C, He X, Ma H, Hou N, Wei C, Song T, Zhang Y, Sun L, Ma Q, Zhong H Natural killer (NK) cells are a major component of the host innate immune defense against various pathogens. Several viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), have developed strategies to evade the NK-cell response. In our study, we found HCV infection could trigger DNA damage response by both ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR) pathways. Recent reports had revealed that NKG2D ligands (NK cell-activating ligands) were upregulated when a major DNA damage checkpoint pathway was activated. However, here we found that DNA damage response was activated but NKG2D ligands were downregulated upon HCV infection. Further studies showed that the protease NS3/4A of HCV which had been s... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2076841 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2076841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915756&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954554%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hu DS, Zheng H, Liu HD, Li M, Ren W, Liao W, Duan Z, Li LL, Cao Y It is generally believed that the expression of a gene is restricted "within the right place and at the right time". This principle has long been considered applicable as well to the expression of immunoglobulin (Ig) lymphocytes of B cell lineage. However, increasing evidence has shown Ig "paradoxically" expressed in malignant tumors of epithelial origin. We reviewed the recent progress in the study of cancer-derived Ig, and also discussed its mechanisms and possible functions, trying to arouse interest and attention to those working in the field of immunology and oncology. PMID: 18954554 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915756 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915755&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954555%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang BJ, Sun CM, Qu YY, Zhang AJ, Liu J, Zhang LJ, Niu ZQ, Zhao Y Xenogeneic thymus transplantation can efficiently induce specific immune tolerance to donor antigens in athymic recipients. However, many nude mice suffer from autoimmune diseases (AID) for over 10 weeks after xenogeneic thymus transplantation. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells were recently determined to play a pivotal role in keeping immune tolerance in humans and mice. Thus, we investigated this subpopulation of Treg cells in the periphery of pig thymus-grafted nude mice suffering from AID. Our results showed that the expression of Foxp3, CTLA-4 and GITR on mouse CD4+CD25+ T cells and the ratio of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells to CD4+ T cells were significantly decreased in the periphery of pig thymus-g... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915755 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915754&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954556%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kang N, Chen D, Wang L, Duan L, Liu SR, Tang L, Liu QF, Cui LX, He W We had previously identified a novel protein termed Rwdd1 whose expression in thymus is decreased in aged or oxidatively stressed mice. In the present study, we found that Rwdd1 expressed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells showed a slower migration rate on SDS-PAGE gel. In addition, Rwdd1 was more sensitive to proteinase proteolysis. Furthermore, being a highly acidic protein which contains an RWD domain, Rwdd1 shared a high level of sequence similarity with Gir2, a member of the intrinsically unstructured protein (IUP). These findings suggest that Rwdd1 is a novel member of the IUP family. PMID: 18954556 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915754 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915753&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954557%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the dynamic balance of pSTAT1 and pSTAT3 in C57BL/6 mice infected with either a nonlethal (Py17XNL) or lethal (Py17XL) strain of Plasmodium yoelii. Both Py17XNL and Py17XL infections induced a maximum activation of STAT1 and STAT3 on the first day after parasite inoculation. Additionally, the Py17XNL infection induced a pSTAT1-dominant response in mice during the early stage of infection, with the resolution of parasitemia. In contrast, Py17XL infection induced a pSTAT3-dominant response during the early phase of infection, with the death of the animals. Our results indicated that maximum activation of STAT1 and STAT3 occurred much earlier than the peak levels of cytokines induced by Plasmodium yoelii infection based on previous reports and that infection wit... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915753 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915752&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954558%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhou ZH, Liao YH, Li LD, Wei F, Wang B, Wei YM, Wang M, Cheng X Autoantibodies against the alpha1-adrenoceptor which had agonist activity as norepinephrine might play roles in the progression of hypertension, but whether the autoantibodies could induce vascular remodeling as norepinephrine is not clear. In this paper, the models with antibodies against the alpha1-adrenoceptor were made by immunizing Wistar rats with the synthesized the second extracellular loop of alpha1-adrenoceptor peptides. The homo-age male Wistar rats received BSA in the same immunizing manner and male spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) were used as control. All the rats were raised for one year. The blood pressure and morphological changes of arteries were measured. In the end, despite the systolic bloo... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915752 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915751&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954559%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hao S, Li PF, Zhao JL, Hu YL, Hou YY In order to clarify the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2) on natural killer (NK) cells and the possibly regulatory mechanisms, we obtained highly purified and viable NK cells from C57BL/6J mouse spleen by a magnetic cell sorter (MACS). These cells were treated with E2 and then their cytotoxicity and proliferative capacity were examined. To further investigate the mechanisms on the effect of E2 on NK cells, expressions of activation-associated markers (CD69, CD122) and inhibitory receptors (CD94, Ly49), and intracellular cytokine production were analyzed. At last, we performed the cDNA microarray to explore the possible involved genes. We found that E2 could suppress NK cell cytotoxicity and proliferative capacity in vitro. E2 reduced NK cell... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915751 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915750&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954560%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen Y, Yao K, Wang B, Qing J, Liu GY Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a potential oncogenic herpesvirus, has been found to be associated with several malignancies. It's critical to elicit cellular immunity of the body to fight against EBV-associated tumor development. Using dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) to elicit T cell response against tumor may be one of the most direct and safest immunotherapy approaches. The present study aimed to develop DCs-based cancer vaccine (DC loaded with LMP2A protein) and study its biological characteristics and immune functions. Purified LMP2A protein was extracted from a cell line L929/LMP2A stably expressing LMP2A. LMP2A could be loaded on DCs with no significant changes of the DC surface markers and cytomorphol... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915750 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915749&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954561%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu H, Pan ZY, Li AJ, Fu SY, Lei Y, Sun HY, Wu MC, Zhou WP Chemokines are involved in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carcinogenesis. However, the exact mechanism of chemokines in HCC carcinogenesis remains unknown. Here we investigated the roles of chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) in the metastasis of HCC. We found that the expression levels of CXCR4 mRNA in HCC tissues, MHCC97 cells, and HUVEC cells were 2.52 +/- 1.13, 2.34 +/- 1.16 and 1.63 +/- 1.26, respectively and that the CXCR4 protein levels were 1.38 +/- 0.13, 1.96 +/- 0.32 and 1.86 +/- 0.21, respectively. In contrast, CXCR4 was not detected in normal hepatic tissues. In 78 HCC patients, we also found that the concentration of CXCL12 in cancerous ascitic fluid was 783-8,364 pg/ml and ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915749 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915748&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954562%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li QX, Ai J, Song ZC, Liu J, Shan BE Cancer occurrence and development has been demonstrated to be associated with escape from immune surveillance, and low costimulatory molecules expression has been considered as one of the important reasons for cancer evading the immune system. 4-1BB (CD137) is a costimulatory molecule expressed on the surface of activated T cells. Interaction of 4-1BB with its natural ligand (4-1BBL) expressed on antigen presenting cells (APCs) has been shown to amplify T-cell mediated immunity. We therefore examined whether murine cancer cells expressing 4-1BBL could produce anti-tumor effects in inoculated mice. Mouse forestomach carcinoma (MFC) cells were transfected with 4-1BBL gene (MFC/4-1BBL). The proliferation of the transduced cells in vitro was no... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915748 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915747&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954563%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the full lipL21 gene fragment encoding outer membrane protein LipL21 was cloned from L. interrogans serovar Lai and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+). The guinea pigs were immunized with pcDNA3.1(+)-lipL21, pcDNA3.1(+) or PBS. Six weeks after the second immunization, the splenocytes were isolated to detect their proliferative ability by lymphocyte transformation experiments. In addition, microscopic agglutination test was used for quantitative detection of specific antibodies. The rest guinea pigs were challenged intraperitoneally with L. interogans sorevar Lai. Then, protective effect was evaluated on the basis of survival and histopathological lesions in the kidneys, lungs, and liver. The lipL21 gene was successfully expressed in COS-7 cells through re... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915747 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915746&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954564%26dopt%3DAbstract This study, thus, gave a clear idea of the level of antigenic sharing and variations among the pathogenic V. cholerae O1, S. flexneri 2a and H. influenzae b strains, which in future, may help in selecting a proper candidate for vaccines and immunodiagnostics development. PMID: 18954564 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915746 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1756284&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18761811%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Song JX, Tylan Lei FY, Xiong XF, Haque R Ligation of T cell receptor (TCR) alone is insufficient to induce full activation of T lymphocytes. Additional ligand-receptor interactions (costimulation) on antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells are required. T cell costimulation has been shown to be essential for eliciting efficient T cell responses, involving all phases during T cell development. However, the mechanisms by which costimulation affects the function of T cells still need to be elucidated. In recent years, advances have been made in studies of costimulation as potential therapies in cancer, infectious disease as well as autoimmune disease. In this review, we discussed intracellular costimulation signals that regulate T cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, c... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1756284 Fri, 01 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1756284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1756283&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18761812%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nakanishi M, Furuno T A team of researchers from Nagoya, Tokyo and Hamilton developed a unique technique for studying neuro-immune interaction with confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy several years ago. It relies on guiding immune and nerve cell interaction by creating an adhesive environment using an in vitro coculture dish. With their technique, they are able to study details of the mechanism of how nerve cells communicate with immune cells (mast cells and T lymphocytes) and vice versa. They showed that nerve-mast cell communication could occur in the absence of an intermediary transducing cell and that the neuropeptide substance P, operating via NK-1 receptors, was a soluble factor of this communication. In addition, recently, they showed that ATP which was rele... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1756283 Fri, 01 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1756283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1756282&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18761813%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ahmed KA, Munegowda MA, Xie YF, Xiang J Intercellular communication is an important means of molecular information transfer through exchange of membrane proteins from cells to cells. Advent of the latest analytical and imaging tools has allowed us to enhance our understanding of the cellular communication through the intercellular exchange of intact membrane patches, also called trogocytosis, which is a ubiquitous phenomenon. Immune responses against pathogens or any foreign antigens require fine immune regulation, where cellular communications are mediated by either soluble or cell surface molecules. It has been demonstrated that the membrane molecule transfer between immune cells such as dendritic and T cells can be derived through internalization/recycling pathway, dissocia... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1756282 Fri, 01 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1756282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1756281&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18761814%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we investigated the effects of albaconol on the proliferation and LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production of macrophages. Albaconol, when used at a dose higher than 1.0 mug/ml, inhibited proliferation of RAW264.7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and could induce cellular apoptosis when used at high dosage (>/= 7.5 mug/ml). Furthermore, we found that albaconol used at a lower dosage without apoptosis induction could significantly inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and NO production in RAW264.7 cells. The inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and enhancement of SOCS1 expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages by albaconol may contribute to the above immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory activities of albaconol. Our results suggest that albaconol may... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1756281 Fri, 01 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1756281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1756280&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18761815%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, Rwdd1 is a thymus involution related protein that may indirectly affect AR signaling pathway. PMID: 18761815 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1756280 Fri, 01 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1756280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1756279&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18761816%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, atomization inhalation of budesonide and terbutaline plus conventional therapies was applied to treat AECOPD (acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) patients for two weeks. The results showed that additional inhalation of budesonide and terbutaline could upregulate serum IL-2 levels, the percentages of CD3+ T and CD4+ T cells, and CD4/CD8 ratio, and decrease eosinophils and serum CRP level more efficiently than conventional treatment in patients with AECOPD. And the lung function of the atomization inhalation group was improved more obviously after the treatment compared with the conventional treatment group. Thus, atomization inhalation of terbutaline and budesonide can control AECOPD effectively, and has wide clinical perspective in controlling and pr... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1756279 Fri, 01 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1756279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1756278&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18761817%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aims to evaluate laboratory diagnostic characters of monoclonal gammopathies and investigates the correlation between monoclonal gammopathies and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1). Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE), serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), nephelometry and urine light chain ELISA were used for laboratory identification of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Plasma TGFbeta1 was detected with double-antibodies ELISA. Lightcycler was used for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Totally 2,007 cases of monoclonal immunoglobulin (M protein) were identified in 10,682 samples. The isotypes of M protein were IgG type 47.1%, IgA 23.0%, IgM 8.7%, IgD 5.3%, free light chain kappa 6.1%, lambda 9.8%. In reference to IFE, the coherency of diagnosis was serum light ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1756278 Fri, 01 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1756278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1756277&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18761818%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shao CL, Zhang JG H antigen, the precursor of A and B antigens, belongs to Hh blood system in which it is the only antigen. H antigen distributes on all the human RBC surface except for Bombay phenotype and the copy number of H antigen on the surface of an adult RBC is approximately 1.7 million. These characteristics made H antigen the potential target molecule for the immunoassay and immunotherapy. A monoclonal antibody 2E8 against H antigen on the surface of erythrocyte had been prepared in previous work. Based on this antibody, the variable region genes of heavy and light chains (VH and VL) from 2E8 had been cloned by 5' RACE. The two variable region genes were spliced by overlap extension and assembled ScFv (VH-linker-VL) gene encoding the anti-H antigen named ScFv2E8. Acc... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1756277 Fri, 01 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1756277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1756276&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18761819%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shan BE, Li QL, He M, He YT To find a feasible method for the stimulation of tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) cells in preparation for use in the clinic, the CTL activity of TDLN cells induced by different stimuli [IL-2 alone, IL-2 + autologous tumor antigen (atAg), IL-2 + GM-CSF + IL-4 + atAg] was measured by maximal LDH enzyme release. The mechanisms were explored by the observation of morphology and the detection of CD83+ TDLN cells. The expansion of TDLN cells by IL-2 + GM-CSF + IL-4 + atAg was significantly higher than that by IL-2 alone or IL-2 + atAg (p < 0.01). Antitumor CTL activity of TDLN cells induced by IL-2 + GM-CSF + IL-4 + atAg was significantly higher than those of other groups. The number of CD83+ cells within the TDLN population treated with IL-2 + GM-CSF... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1756276 Fri, 01 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1756276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1643686&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18582397%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Casetti R, Martino A Several signals influence dendritic cell (DC) functions and consequent the immune responses to infectious pathogens. Our recent findings provide a new model of intervention on DCs implicating human gammadelta T cell stimuli. Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells represent the major subset of circulating human gammadelta T cells and can be activated by non-peptidic molecules derived from different microorganisms or abnormal metabolic routes. With activated-Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell co-culture, immature DCs acquire features of mature DCs, such as increasing the migratory activity, up-regulating the chemokine receptors, and triggering the Th1 immune response. Similar to the NK-derived signals, DC activation is mediated by soluble factors as well as cell-to-cell contact. Many no... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1643686 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1643686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1643685&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18582402%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peng MY, Wang ZH, Yao CY, Jiang LN, Jin QL, Wang J, Li BQ Although it has been known that gammadelta T cells may play an important role in the immune response to infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the mechanisms by which the gammadelta T cells participate in the innate and/or acquired immunity to tuberculosis (TB) have not been full elucidated. In the present study, 27 patients with active pulmonary TB and 16 healthy donors (HD) were performed. We found that proportion of IL-17-producing cells among lymphocyte was similar between TB patients and HD, whereas the proportions of gammadelta T cells in IL-17-producing cells (59.2%) and IL-17-producing cells in gammadelta T cells (19.4%) in peripheral blood were markedly increased in TB patients when compared to those ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1643685 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1643685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1643684&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18582403%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhu F, Sun YX, Liao YH, Wei YM, Chen M, Wang M, Zhou ZH Agonistic AT(1) receptor autoantibodies (AT(1)-AAs) have been described in the patients with malignant hypertension or preeclampia. Furthermore, AT(1)-AAs were highly associated with refractory hypertension. Function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is important in the regulation of blood pressure. We investigated and compared the ability of angiotensin II (Ang II) and AT(1)-AAs to stimulate the intracellular calcium mobilization and cellular proliferation of rat VSMCs. Twenty-two patients with refractory hypertension, 24 patients with non-refractory hypertension and 37 normotensives were recruited. The serum of each patient was detected for the presence of AT(1)-AAs by ELISA. Ang II and the AT(1)-AAs from the sera... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1643684 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1643684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628702&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18582397%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Casetti R, Martino A Several signals influence dendritic cell (DC) functions and consequent the immune responses to infectious pathogens. Our recent findings provide a new model of intervention on DCs implicating human gammadelta T cell stimuli. Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells represent the major subset of circulating human gammadelta T cells and can be activated by non-peptidic molecules derived from different microorganisms or abnormal metabolic routes. With activated-Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell co-culture, immature DCs acquire features of mature DCs, such as increasing the migratory activity, up-regulating the chemokine receptors, and triggering the Th1 immune response. Similar to the NK-derived signals, DC activation is mediated by soluble factors as well as cell-to-cell contact. Many no... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628702 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628701&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18582398%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu QJ, Gao B Adoptive immunotherapy involving the transfer of autologous tumor or virus-reactive T lymphocytes has been demonstrated to be effective in the eradication of cancer and virally infected cells. Identification of MHC-restricted antigens and progress in generation of adaptive immune responses have provided new direction for such treatment for severe pathologies such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Here we review the latest development about the molecular basis of MHC-I/TCR interaction, and its manipulation including enhanced MHC-I expression, modification of peptide and engineered TCR for clinical applications such as vaccine design, tumor therapy and autoimmune diseases. PMID: 18582398 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628701 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628700&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18582399%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang YG, Zhao KP, Chen JG, Zhang JY, Yu M, Li Y, Shen BF The efficacy of many cancer treatments is due to their ability to induce apoptosis. DR5 can activate apoptosis pathway after binding with its natural ligand, tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L). Both TRAIL and agonistic anti-DR5 monoclonal antibody are currently being explored for cancer therapy. The mechanisms of cytotoxicity of our previously prepared monoclonal antibody A6 against DR5 were investigated here. A6 could cause viability loss of Jurkat cells in both time- and dose-dependent manner which could be attributed to the activation of apoptosis pathway. Caspases 3, 8 and 9 were activated in Jurkat cells and the caspase specific inhibitors, such as broad caspases inhibitor Z-VAD-F... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628700 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628699&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18582400%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tang F, Zhao LT, Jiang Y, Ba de N, Cui LX, He W Transplantable experimental tumor models were constructed to study the activities of recombinant human interleukin-15 (rhIL-15) against tumor recurrence and metastasis. The results showed that tumor nodule formation was retarded and tumor growth was inhibited in the subcutaneous tumor model of LA795 lung adenocarcinoma after treatment with rhIL-15, and the survival rate of T739 tumor-bearing mice treated with rhIL-15 was much higher than that of mice treated with either saline or with the same dose of rhIL-2. This indicats that rhIL-15 had better antitumor effect than rhIL-2 at the same dose level. In some rhIL-15 treated mice, the tumor cells inoculated subcutaneously were eradicated and there was no tumor formation even 138 day... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628699 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628698&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18582401%26dopt%3DAbstract We report here a modified peptide stimulation method using CMV-specific epitope peptides to stimulate PBMCs for generation of CMV-specific CTLs. This method permits efficient amplification of CMV-specific CTLs and provides a large number of cells for FACS analysis from a single blood sample. Significantly, it achieves high frequencies of tetramer staining of CD8+ T cells allowing the data of different individuals to be easily compared and sequentially evaluated. Thus, this approach expands and selects HLA-restricted CMV-pp65-reactive T-cell lines of high specificity for potential adoptive immunotherapy. PMID: 18582401 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628698 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628697&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18582402%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peng MY, Wang ZH, Yao CY, Jiang LN, Jin QL, Wang J, Li BQ Although it has been known that gammadelta T cells may play an important role in the immune response to infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the mechanisms by which the gammadelta T cells participate in the innate and/or acquired immunity to tuberculosis (TB) have not been full elucidated. In the present study, 27 patients with active pulmonary TB and 16 healthy donors (HD) were performed. We found that proportion of IL-17-producing cells among lymphocyte was similar between TB patients and HD, whereas the proportions of gammadelta T cells in IL-17-producing cells (59.2%) and IL-17-producing cells in gammadelta T cells (19.4%) in peripheral blood were markedly increased in TB patients when compared to those ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628697 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628696&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18582403%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhu F, Sun YX, Liao YH, Wei YM, Chen M, Wang M, Zhou ZH Agonistic AT1 receptor autoantibodies (AT1-AAs) have been described in the patients with malignant hypertension or preeclampia. Furthermore, AT1-AAs were highly associated with refractory hypertension. Function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is important in the regulation of blood pressure. We investigated and compared the ability of angiotensin II (Ang II) and AT1-AAs to stimulate the intracellular calcium mobilization and cellular proliferation of rat VSMCs. Twenty-two patients with refractory hypertension, 24 patients with non-refractory hypertension and 37 normotensives were recruited. The serum of each patient was detected for the presence of AT1-AAs by ELISA. Ang II and the AT1-AAs from the sera of patients... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628696 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628695&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18582404%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we transfected STAT1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASON) into rats by aerosolization, and then investigated the effect of STAT1 ASON on inflammatory mediators such as TGF-beta, PDGF and TNF-alpha in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from rats with bleomycin (BLM)-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis. Our results showed that STAT1 ASON by aerosolization could enter into lung tissues and AMs. STAT1 ASON could inhibit mRNA and protein expressions of STAT1 and ICAM-1 in AMs of rat with pulmonary fibrosis, and had no toxic side effect on liver and kidney. Aerosolized STAT1 ASON could ameliorate the alveolitis through inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory mediators in BLM-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis. These results suggest that aerosolized STAT1 ASON might be considered as a pr... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628695 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628694&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18582405%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we transfected the recombinant eukaryotic plasmid encoding IL-12 gene (pcDNA6-p70) into EMT6 and obtained the IL-12 expressing EMT6/IL-12 cell line. Then EMT6/IL-12 cells were s.c. inoculated into mice. The recombinant vector treatment group was set as control. We then evaluated the inhibition of tumor growth and the anti-tumor immunity function in vivo such as cytotoxicity, proliferation of splenocytes and serial IFN-gamma level. And the percentage of IFN-gamma producing CD4 or CD8 T cells among splenocytes was also analyzed in tumor bearing mice. Our results showed that the growth of tumors was obviously inhibited in EMT6/IL-12 group. Moreover, the capacities of anti-tumor immunity were all significantly higher in EMT6/IL-12 group compared to the controls. The results of t... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628694 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628693&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18582406%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we found that B-1a cells responded to the apoptogenic monomer by expressing CXCL4, whereas oligomerization of the immunogen induced CXCR3 to shift the response towards activation. PMID: 18582406 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628693 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628712&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18445337%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Palmer MJ, Mahajan VS, Trajman LC, Irvine DJ, Lauffenburger DA, Chen J Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is an essential cytokine for the development and homeostatic maintenance of T and B lymphocytes. Binding of IL-7 to its cognate receptor, the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R), activates multiple pathways that regulate lymphocyte survival, glucose uptake, proliferation and differentiation. There has been much interest in understanding how IL-7 receptor signaling is modulated at multiple interconnected network levels. This review examines how the strength of the signal through the IL-7 receptor is modulated in T and B cells, including the use of shared receptor components, signaling crosstalk, shared interaction domains, feedback loops, integrated gene regulation, multimerization and ligand competit... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628712 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628711&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18445338%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang XL, Jeza VT, Pan Q Salmonella (S.) typhi is an important intracellular pathogen. Among the more than 2,300 closely-related Salmonella serovars bacteria recognized, S. typhi is the only one that is pathogenic exclusively for humans, in whom it causes typhoid or enteric fever. The pathogen has been around for many years and many studies have been done in an effort to combat it. Molecular and biologic features of S. typhi and host factors and immune responses involved in Salmonella invasion have been extensively studies. Vaccines that have been developed most notably are Vi polysaccharide and Ty21a. However, as the results show, there is still a long way to go. It is also shown that multi-drug resistance has occurred to the few available antibiotics. More and more studies h... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628711 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628710&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18445339%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang J, Xing F Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an IL-7-related cytokine, is widely expressed by epithelial cells in many tissues with different biological effects. Human TSLP (hTSLP) has been shown to play an important role in promoting T cell homeostasis, developing nondeletional central tolerance, amplifying epithelium-induced class switching, inducing atopic diseases and maintaining intestinal noninflammatory environment. Among diverse cells responding to hTSLP, dendritic cells (DCs) are the most obviously characterized target cells. In this review, we attempt to outline an effect of the functional versatility of hTSLP-activated DCs (hTSLP-DCs) on T cells. PMID: 18445339 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628710 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628709&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18445340%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sujata L, Chaudhuri S The concept of stem cells, their physiological existence, the intricate anatomical localization, the known and the unknown functions, and their exclusive utility for the purpose of regenerative medicine, are all now encompassed within an emergent question, 'how compatible these cells are immunologically?' Indeed, the medical aspects of stem cells are dependent on a large number of queries based on the basic properties of the cells. It has greatly been emphasized to probe into the basic research on stem cells before any successful therapeutic attempts are made. One of the intricate aspects of the adult stem cells is its immunological behavior in relation to the microenvironmental associates, the stromal cells in the presence of a suitable target. PMID:... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628709 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628708&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18445341%26dopt%3DAbstract This study is the first demonstration that both human H1N1 and avian H5N1 influenza viruses can infect mouse microglia and astrocytes and induce apoptosis, cytopathy, and proinflammatory cytokine production in them in vitro. Our results suggest that the direct cellular damage and the consequences of immunopathological injury in the CNS contribute to the influenza viral pathogenesis. PMID: 18445341 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628708 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628707&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18445342%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xia Y, Dai J, Lu P, Huang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang X A key and limiting step in the process of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs) for clinical use is their in vitro maturation and in vivo migration. We previously observed that CD40 signal facilitated human mDC growth and maturation. To further explore this process, mDCs generated with GM-CSF and IL-4 were co-cultured with apoptotic tumor cells for 24 hours, followed by incubating with anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody or TNF-alpha for 48 hours to generate mature DCs. The chemokine/chemokine receptor expression and functions of mature DCs upon various stimuli were determined. The expression of costimulatory molecules on apoptotic tumor cell-loaded mature DCs co-cultured with either anti-CD40 antibody (anti-CD40-DCs) or TNF-alpha ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628707 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628706&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18445343%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gao F, Hui X, He X, Wan D, Gu J In vivo studies showed that dendritic cell (DC) dysfunction occurred in tumor microenvironment. As tumors were composed of many kinds of cells, the direct effects of tumor cells on immature DCs (imDCs) are needed for further studies in vitro. In the present study, bone marrow-derived imDCs were incubated with lymphoma, hepatoma and menaloma cells in vitro and surface molecules in imDCs were determined by flow cytometry. Then, imDCs incubated with tumor cells or control imDCs were further pulsed with tumor lysates and then incubated with splenocytes to perform mixed lymphocyte reaction. The DC-dependent tumor antigen-specific T cell proliferation, and IL-12 secretion were determined by flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay respect... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628706 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628705&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18445344%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhu X, Gao M, Ren S, Wang Q, Lin C CD59 may inhibit the cytolytic activity of complement by binding to C8/C9 and protect host cell membranes against homologous membrane attack complex (MAC). However, CD59 is widely overexpressed on tumor cells, which has been implicated in tumorigenesis. The active site of CD59 relative to MAC is still confused. As reported the MAC binding site is located in the vicinity of a hydrophobic groove on the membrane distal face of the protein centered around residue W40. Here two site-directed mutagenesis were performed by overlapping extension PCR to delete residue W40 site (Mutant 1, M1) or to change C39W40K41 to W39W40W41 (Mutant 2, M2). Then we constructed mutant CD59 eukaryotic expression system and investigated their biological function on CHO... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628705 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628704&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18445345%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the capacity of secondary expansion of CD8+ Tm cells developed from transgenic OT I CD8+ T cells. The latter cells were in vitro and in vivo stimulated by ovalbumin (OVA)-pulsed dendritic cells [DCOVA and (IL-12-/-)DCOVA] derived from wild-type C57BL/6 and IL-12 gene knockout mice, respectively. We demonstrated that IL-12 priming is important not only in CD8+ T cell clonal expansion, but also in generation of CD8+ Tm cells with the capacity of secondary expansion upon antigen re-encounter. However, IL-12 signaling is not involved in CD8+ Tm cell survival and recall responses. Therefore, this study provides useful information for vaccine design and development. PMID: 18445345 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628704 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628703&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18445346%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, cAMP modulates macrophage development by suppressing M-CSF-induced MAPKs activation. PMID: 18445346 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628703 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1628703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628721&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18318989%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Luo C, Wang K, Liu de Q, Li Y, Zhao QS The first appearance of lipid rafts, or lipid rafts-like structure, was occasionally observed by cryo-electronic microscopy in 1980s as cavity, such as caveolae. However, the fully understanding of lipid raft was attributed by the studies of T cell activation, virus entry/budding, and other membrane events. During the interaction of T cell and antigen presenting cell, a highly organized structure is formed at the interface of the two cells, where cholesterol and sphingolipids are enriched, and form a liquid ordered phase that facilitates the signaling proteins on and off. Lipid rafts are also involved in virus entry and assembly. In this review, we will discuss cholesterol-sphingolipid floating microdomain, the lipid raft as a unique comp... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628721 Fri, 01 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1628721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628720&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18318990%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lu JH, Teh BK, Wang L, Wang YN, Tan YS, Lai MC, Reid KB A classical function of C1q is to bind immune complexes and initiate complement activation producing membrane lytic complexes, opsonins and anaphylatoxins. This classical pathway of complement activation is also elicited when C1q binds some other ligands. Besides complement activation, C1q also regulates cell differentiation, adhesion, migration, activation and survival. C1q deficiency is associated with autoimmunity as well as increased susceptibility to infections. In this article, we discuss the basic properties of C1q, its expression, and classical and regulatory functions. PMID: 18318990 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628720 Fri, 01 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1628720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628719&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18318991%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang CF, Lin SS, Liao PH, Young SC, Yang CC In recent years, studies on evaluation of the therapeutic and toxic activity of herbal medicinal products became available and popular. The advances in modern biotechnology have led to discovery of many new active constituents. However, it is a constant challenge to establish the pharmacological basis for efficacy and safety of herbal medicinal products. A better understanding of the effects and bioavailability of phytopharmaceuticals can help in discovering suitable and rational therapies. In this review, we present the bioavailability studies in immune system that has been conducted for some of the more important or widely used phytopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, various new drug targets worthy of using for drug development in immu... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628719 Fri, 01 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1628719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628718&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18318992%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gu T, Zhu YB, Chen C, Li M, Chen YJ, Yu GH, Ge Y, Zhou SY, Zhou H, Huang Y, Qiu YH, Zhang XG During maturation, murine myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) upregulated the expressions of CD11c, CD25, CD40, CD80, CD86, MHC II and programmed death 1 ligands 1 and 2 (PD-L1 and PD-L2). Differential expression patterns of PD-L1 and PD-L2 were found when DCs were triggered by CD40 ligand and TNF-alpha. PD-L1 expression was repressed and PD-L2 expression remained unchanged in mature CD40-ligated DCs, whereas TNF-alpha stimulated DCs kept high expression of PD-L1 and significantly enhanced PD-L2 expression on DCs. Proliferations of T lymphocytes stimulated by immature DCs were enhanced by blockade of the PD-1 and PD-1 ligand interaction. But inhibitive effects were found in T lymphocytes sti... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628718 Fri, 01 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1628718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628717&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18318993%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhu H, Qiu W, Lei P, Zhou W, Wen X, He F, Li L, Dai H, Shen G, Gong F Dendritic cells (DCs) have the potency to regulate the outcome of autoimmunity through the modulation of immune responses. The induction of antigen specific tolerance is critical for prevention and treatment of allograft rejection. In the present study, we transfected IL-10 gene into DCs and investigated their effect on inhibition of lymphocyte activity in vitro and induction of immune tolerance on islet allograft in mice. An IDDM C57BL/6 mouse model was induced by streptozotocin. The islet cells isolated from the BALB/c mice were transplanted into the kidney capules of the model mice followed by injection of IL-10 modified DCs (mDCs). The results showed that mDCs could significantly inhibit T lymphocyte pro... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628717 Fri, 01 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1628717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628716&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18318994%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gong W, Ji M, Cao Z, Wang L, Qian Y, Hu M, Qian L, Pan X Artificial antigen-presenting cells are expected to stimulate the expansion and acquisition of optimal therapeutic features of T cells before infusion. Here CD32 that binds to a crystallizable fragment of IgG monoclonal antibody was genetically expressed on human K562 leukemia cells to provide a ligand for T-cell receptor. CD86 and 4-1BBL, which are ligands of co-stimulating receptors of CD28 and 4-1BB, respectively, were also expressed on K562 cells. Then we accomplished the artificial antigen-presenting cells by coupling K32/CD86/4-1BBL cell with OKT3 monoclonal antibody against CD3, named K32/CD86/4-1BBL/OKT3 cells. These artificial modified cells had the abilities of inducing CD8+ T cell activation, promoting CD8+ T ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628716 Fri, 01 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1628716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628715&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18318995%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang J, Lin Z, Qiao CX, Lv M, Yu M, Xiao H, Wang Q, Wang L, Feng J, Shen B, Ma Y, Li Y TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a TNF family member capable of inducing apoptosis. Death receptor 5 (DR 5) is a key receptor of TRAIL and plays an important role in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. To prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against DR5, cDNA encoding soluble DR5 (sDR5) was firstly amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with specific primers, and then inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a. The recombinant plasmid was expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3), and sDR5 was purified by nickel affinity chromatography. As an antigen, sDR5 was used to immunize mice. Hybridomas secreting antibodies against sDR5 were identif... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628715 Fri, 01 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1628715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628714&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18318996%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects on pituitary adenoma cell lines GH3/MMQ/AtT20 induced by RGD-FasL and the underlying mechanism. Fas/DcR3 mRNAs were detected by RT-PCR and their surface expressions were measured by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity exerted by RGD-FasL on tumor cells was measured with MTT assay and the induced apoptosis was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. The cell cycle and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry with PI staining. The expressions of caspase8/9/3, Bcl-2, RANKL and JNK2 were detected by Western blotting. Approximately 13.7% of GH3 cells, 25.5% of MMQ cells, 22.2% of AtT20 cells express Fas, while 23.9% of GH3 cells, 24.1% of MMQ cells, 4.6% of AtT20 cells express DcR3. The cytotoxic effects of FasL/RGD-FasL on tumor cells were all ta... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628714 Fri, 01 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1628714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628713&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18318997%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we detected the level of CD2 expressed on the surface of PBMC, the expression level of CD2 mRNA in PBMC and the percentage of CD2 positive cells in PBMC of patients with chronic HBV infection and compared them with the expression level of normal controls. We also determined the level of serum HBV DNA from patients with chronic HBV infection and from normal controls. The clinical characteristics of hepatic function were tested as well. The results showed that the expression of CD2 significantly increased with the severity of chronic HBV infection, which suggested that CD2 might contribute to the hepatocyte damage in chronic HBV infection. PMID: 18318997 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628713 Fri, 01 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1628713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628731&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18163951%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stemberger C, Neuenhahn M, Buchholz VR, Busch DH It is well accepted that CD8+ T cells play a pivotal role in providing protection against infection with intracellular pathogens and some tumors. In many cases protective immunity is maintained for long periods of time (immunological memory). Over the past years, it has become evident that in order to fulfill these multiple tasks, distinct subsets of effector and memory T cells have to be generated. Until today, however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of subset differentiation and the timing of lineage fate decisions. In this context, it is of special importance to determine at which level of clonal expansion functional and phenotypical heterogeneity is achieved. Different models for T cell subset diversificatio... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628731 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1628731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628730&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18163952%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li H, Gade P, Xiao W, Kalvakolanu DV Cytokines like interferons (IFNs) play a central role in regulating innate and specific immunities against the pathogens and neoplastic cells. A number of signaling pathways are induced in response to IFN in various cells. One classic mechanism employed by IFNs is the JAK-STAT signaling pathway for inducing cellular responses. Here we describe the non-STAT pathways that participate in IFN-induced responses. In particular, we will focus on the role played by transcription factor C/EBP-beta in mediating these responses. PMID: 18163952 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628730 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1628730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628729&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18163953%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kuwano K Lung epithelium is the primary site of lung damage in various lung diseases. Epithelial cell apoptosis has been considered to be initial event in various lung diseases. Apoptosis signaling is classically composed of two principle pathways. One is a direct pathway from death receptor ligation to caspase cascade activation and cell death. The other pathway triggered by stresses such as drugs, radiation, infectious agents and reactive oxygen species is mediated by mitochondria. Endoplasmic reticulum has also been shown to be the organelle to mediate apoptosis. Epithelial cell death is followed by remodeling processes, which consist of epithelial and fibroblast activation, cytokine production, activation of coagulation pathway, neoangiogenesis, re-epithelialization and fi... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628729 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1628729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628728&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18163954%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu Y, Xu L, Jiang Y, Sun J, He X The phenotype and function of antigen-specific CD8 T cells are closely associated with the efficacy of a therapeutic vaccination. Here we showed that multiple immunizations with LCMV gp33-41 peptide (KAV) in Freund's adjuvant could induce KAV-specific CD8 T cells with low expression of CD127 and CD62L molecules. The inhibitory receptor PD-1 was also expressed on a substantial part of KAV-specific CD8 T cells, and its expression level on KAV-specific CD8 T cells in spleen and lymph nodes was much higher when compared to those in peripheral blood. Furthermore, KAV-specific CD8 T cells could specifically kill KAV-pulsed target cells in vivo but the efficiency was low. These data suggest that prime-boost vaccination schedule with peptide in Freund... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628728 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1628728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628727&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18163955%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we constructed the recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors pTARGET-TCR Vbeta5.2/8.2-HSP70, and evaluated their protective effects on CIA rats. Protective effects were observed in CIA rats by injecting these recombinant DNA vaccines, which could alleviate arthritis index, decrease the levels of IFN-gamma and anti-CII antibody in serum, and increase the levels of IL-4. Pathological changes were not as serious as those observed in control CIA rats. The rat injected with two combined vaccines showed better protective effects than CIA rats administered with individual vaccine. These results showed that recombinant DNA vaccines pTARGET-TCR Vbeta5.2-HSP70 and pTARGET-TCR Vbeta8.2-HSP70 could significantly alleviate the arthritic symptoms of CIA rats, and better protective effects... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628727 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1628727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628726&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18163956%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu J, He H, Zhang Z, Jiang S, Akahoshi T, Yang J, Li J, He T We previously reported that ONO-AE-248, a selective EP3 receptor agonist, has been shown to cause neutrophil death without the typical features of apoptosis and necrosis. However, the mechanism of the neutrophil death is unclear. By using Western blotting, flow cytometry (FACS) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), we investigated the cellular signal transduction pathways of the neutrophil death. The research results showed that the neutrophil death induced by ONO-AE-248 did not show the morphologic changes of apoptosis and was not associated with the activity of caspase-3, caspase-8, and phosphorylation of p38-MAPK. However, impairment of mitochondria transmembrane potential has been found during the proce... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628726 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1628726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628725&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18163957%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li W, Zhang C, Chen C, Zhuang G To investigate the correlation between sensitivity to Fas ligand (FasL) and expression level of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) on tumor cell surface, Fas/DcR3 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. Anti-DcR3 mAb was used to detect expression level of DcR3 on surface of tumor cells by flow cytometry. Caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3, Bcl-2 expressions were analyzed by Western blot, respectively. Sensitivity to apoptosis induced by FasL was determined by Annexin V apoptosis kit. The expressions of DcR3 on the surface of tumor cells from high to low were approximately 35.3% in BGC823 cells, and 21.6% in MCF-7 cells, respectively. The apoptotic rates induced by FasL from low to high were 15.6% in BGC823 cells, and 58.2% in MCF-7 cells, respectively. There ... Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628725 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1628725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628724&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18163958%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we transfected C5aR gene into Molt-4 cell line and examined the function of ectopic C5aR. Our results showed stable expression of the C5aR in Molt-4 cell line and their interaction with human C5a induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, Ca++ influx. This stable transfected cell line may provide a useful tool for studying signal pathways related to C5a and C5aR interplay and antibody development specific for C5aR. PMID: 18163958 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628724 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1628724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1628723&cid=s_37766_67_f&fid=37766&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18163959%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the CD44+CD133+CD24+ cells have some biological properties of cancer stem-like cells or are highly similar to the characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSC). These results provide an important method for identifying cancer stem-like cells in B16F10 cells and for further cancer target therapy. PMID: 18163959 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Immunology) Cellular and Molecular Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1628723 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1628723