MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Chemosphere' source. Mon, 06 Feb 2012 12:54:58 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5656308&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22297197%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Amstaetter K, Eek E, Cornelissen G Abstract The addition of activated carbon (AC) is an increasingly popular method for pollutant immobilization, and the AC material can be made of biomass or coal/fossil feedstock. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there are differences between pollutant sorption to biomass and coal-based AC in the presence and absence of sediment. Through N(2) and CO(2) adsorption to probe surface area and pore size it was shown that the biomass-based AC had a stronger dominance of narrow pores in the size range 3.5-15Å than the anthracite-based material. In the absence of sediment, sorption isotherms for the probe compounds pyrene and PCB-101 showed stronger sorption for the biomass-based AC (logarithmic Freundlich coefficients 8.1... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5656308 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5656308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5656307&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22297198%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Benzene is a human carcinogen, and BTXs are potential reproductive toxins at low dose exposures. Biological and environmental monitoring to assess exposure to BTXs represents a preliminary and necessary tool for the implementation of preventive measures for female subjects working in outdoor environments. PMID: 22297198 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemosphere) Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5656307 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5656307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5656309&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22289152%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Van Metre PC, Majewski MS, Mahler BJ, Foreman WT, Braun CL, Wilson JT, Burbank TL Abstract Coal-tar-based pavement sealants, a major source of PAHs to urban water bodies, are a potential source of volatile PAHs to the atmosphere. An initial assessment of volatilization of PAHs from coal-tar-sealed pavement is presented here in which we measured summertime gas-phase PAH concentrations 0.03m and 1.28m above the pavement surface of seven sealed (six with coal-tar-based sealant and one with asphalt-based sealant) and three unsealed (two asphalt and one concrete) parking lots in central Texas. PAHs also were measured in parking lot dust. The geometric mean concentration of the sum of eight frequently detected PAHs (ΣPAH(8)) in the 0.03-m samples above sealed lots (1320ngm(-3))... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5656309 Sat, 28 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5656309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5656312&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285035%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hansen KM, Willach S, Mosbæk H, Andersen HR Abstract The formation was investigated for different groups of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during chlorination of filter particles from swimming pools at different pH-values and the toxicity was estimated. Specifically, the formation of the DBP group trihalomethanes (THMs), which is regulated in many countries, and the non-regulated haloacetic acids (HAAs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) were investigated at 6.0⩽pH⩽8.0, under controlled chlorination conditions. The investigated particles were collected from a hot tub with a drum micro filter. In two series of experiments with either constant initial active or initial free chlorine concentrations the particles were chlorinated at different pH-values in the relevant range for... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5656312 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5656312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5656311&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285036%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Querejeta GA, Ramos LM, Flores AP, Hughes EA, Zalts A, Montserrat JM Abstract The environmental pesticide distribution on non-target systems (soil, drift and agricultural plastics) during the application step at small periurban production units, was studied in open field and greenhouses, for different crops (tomato, lettuce, broccoli, strawberry and flowers) using different pesticides (endosulfan, procymidone, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin). In all cases, soil was the most exposed non-target system. For greenhouses, a general pesticide distribution was found of approximately 2/3 for crop, 1/4 for soil and 1/20 for plastic, of the total amount applied. In horticultural open fields, although the distribution was very dependent on the crop size and type, soil ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5656311 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5656311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5656310&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285037%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shimada K, Itoh Y, Washio K, Morikawa M Abstract In natural environments, bacteria often exist in close association with surfaces and interfaces. There they form "biofilms", multicellular aggregates held together by an extracellular matrix. The biofilms confer on the constituent cells high resistance to environmental stresses and diverse microenvironments that help generate cellular heterogeneity. Here we report on the ability of Pseudomonas stutzeri T102 biofilm-associated cells, as compared with that of planktonic cells, to degrade naphthalene and survive in petroleum-contaminated soils. In liquid culture system, T102 biofilm-associated cells did not degrade naphthalene during initial hours of incubation but then degraded it faster than planktonic cells, which degraded n... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5656310 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5656310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5656314&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22284979%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, it was illustrated that even for certain simple organic compounds with a designated mode of action (MOA) (i.e. narcotic toxicity) unexpected differences in acute and chronic toxicity can be observed. In a first part of the study, species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) based on either acute or chronic toxicity data of three narcotic test compounds (methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol) were constructed. The results of the acute SSDs were as expected for narcotic compounds: rather similar sensitivity and small differences in toxicity were observed among different species. On the contrary, the chronic SSDs of methanol and ethanol indicated larger interspecies variation in sensitivity. Furthermore, the chronic toxicity trend (ethanol>methanol>2-propanol) was unexpectedly dif... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5656314 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5656314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5656313&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22284980%26dopt%3DAbstract This study focuses on the development of a multi-objective game-theory model (MOGM) for balancing economic and environmental concerns in reservoir watershed management and for assistance in decision. Game theory is used as an alternative tool for analyzing strategic interaction between economic development (land use and development) and environmental protection (water-quality protection and eutrophication control). Geographic information system is used to concisely illustrate and calculate the areas of various land use types. The MOGM methodology is illustrated in a case study of multi-objective watershed management in the Tseng-Wen reservoir, Taiwan. The innovation and advantages of MOGM can be seen in the results, which balance economic and environmental concerns in watershed management ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5656313 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5656313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5656315&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22284978%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu X, Xu L, Chen Q, Sun L, Wang Y, Yan H, Liu Y, Luo Y, Huang J Abstract We collected three ornithogenic coral sand sedimentary profiles from Jinyin Island, Jinqing Island and Guangjin Island of Yongle archipelago, South China Sea and reconstructed the deposition flux of anthropogenic Hg over the past 700years in the study area. On the whole, the anthropogenic Hg flux is relatively low; it remained at a low level before the Industrial Revolution with a small peak at about 1450-1550 AD, which may record the enhanced metallurgy activity in Ming Dynasty of China. During the 20th century, the deposition flux of anthropogenic Hg increased rapidly, but two troughs occurred during the periods around 1940s and 1970s, corresponding to the economic depression caused by World War II... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5656315 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5656315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636773&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22280981%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu Z, Deng S, Yang Y, Zhang T, Cao Q, Huang J, Yu G Abstract Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) in simulated flue gas was destructed by a commercial V(2)O(5)-WO(3)/TiO(2) catalyst in this study. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, space velocity and some co-existing pollutants on PeCB conversion were investigated. Furthermore, a possible mechanism for the oxidation of PeCB over the vanadium oxide on the catalysts was proposed. Results show that the increase of gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and the decrease of operating temperature both resulted in the decrease of PeCB removal over the catalyst, while the effect of the oxygen content in the range of 5-20% (v/v) on PeCB conversion was negligible. PeCB decomposition could be obviously affected by the denitrat... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636773 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636772&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22280982%26dopt%3DAbstract This study also provides the first report of the acute aquatic toxicity of the 5:3 acid (EC/LC50s of 22.5 to >103mgL(-1)) which demonstrated less aquatic toxicity than the 7:3 acid (EC/LC50s of 0.4-32mgL(-1)). The cladoceran, D. magna and the green alga, P. subcapitata had generally similar EC50 values for a given substance while fish were typically equally or less sensitive with the exception that PFPeA was most toxic to fish. Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) were estimated using approaches consistent with REACH guidance and when compared with available environmental concentrations, these PNECs suggest that the fluorinated acids tested pose little risk for aquatic organisms. PMID: 22280982 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemosphere) Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636772 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636771&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22280983%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Csiszar SA, Diamond ML, Thibodeaux LJ Abstract A thin film coats impervious urban surfaces that can act as a source or sink of organic pollutants to the greater environment. We review recent developments in the understanding of film and film-associated pollutant behavior and incorporate them into an unsteady-state version of the fugacity based Multimedia Urban Model (MUM), focusing on detailed considerations of surface film dynamics. The model is used to explore the conditions under which these atmospherically-derived films act as a temporary source of chemicals to the air and/or storm water. Assuming film growth of 2.1nmd(-1) (Wu et al., 2008a), PCB congeners 28 and 180 reach air-film equilibrium within hours and days, respectively. The model results suggest that the film... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636771 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636781&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22273185%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a precocious hatching was detected in Oryzias melastigma embryos upon PFOS exposure. The average hatching time was shortened and the hatching rate increased after PFOS exposure. The subsequent survival rate decreased significantly in the larvae hatching from the PFOS-treated embryos compared to the control. The influence occurred in a PFOS concentration-dependent manner. To further elucidate the inner molecular change, full length cDNAs of hatching enzymes HCE and LCE were first cloned in O. melastigma by degenerate RT-PCR and RACE. PFOS elicited a transcriptional response of both HCE and LCE. The expressions of both genes were significantly up-regulated earlier in the PFOS-treated group than in the control group. The activity of hatching enzyme also significantly increased ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636781 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636779&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22277880%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, an analytical method was optimized for the determination of bisphenol-A (BPA), triclosan (TCS) and 4-n-nonylphenol (4n-NP), environmental contaminants with potential endocrine disruptive activities, in human tissues. The method consisted of a liquid extraction step, derivatization with pentafluorobenzoylchloride followed by a clean-up on acidified silica and detection with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-ECNI/MS). Recoveries ranged between 92% and 102% with a precision below 5%. Limits of quantification ranged between 0.3-0.4ngg(-1), 0.045-0.06ngg(-1) and 0.003-0.004ngg(-1) for BPA, TCS and 4n-NP in different tissues, respectively. The method was applied for the determination of BPA, TCS and 4n-NP in paired adipose tissue, liver and brain samples from 1... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636779 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636778&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22277881%26dopt%3DAbstract This study therefore suggests that TBBPA in the micromolar range can affect the regulation of transcription by both the apo- and the holo-TRα1, with potential disruption of the expression of genes that are either up- or down-regulated by T3. PMID: 22277881 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemosphere) Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636778 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636777&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22277882%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ray S, Kim KH, Yoon HO Abstract As a basic means to control odorants released from a landfill leachate treatment station (LLTS), effluents venting from this station were treated via incineration with methane rich landfill gas (at 750°C). A list of the key offensive odorants covering 22 chemicals was measured by collecting those gas samples both before and after the treatment. Upon incineration, the concentration levels of most odorants decreased drastically below threshold levels. The sum of odorant intensities (SOIs), if compared between before and after incineration, decreased from 6.94 (intolerable level) to 3.45 (distinct level). The results indicate that the thermal incineration method can be used as a highly efficient tool to remove most common odorants (e.g., reduc... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636777 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636776&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22277883%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ahmad R, Zuily-Fodil Y, Passaquet C, Bethenod O, Roche R, Repellin A Abstract Maize plants (Zea mays L. cv. NK Perform) were exposed to O(3)-enriched air, using a new field fumigation system. Transcriptional changes for three type II-metacaspase genes were studied in the leaves (ranks 10 and 12), using quantitative real-time PCR. Global metacaspase activity was measured using metacaspase-specific synthetic tripeptide Boc-GRR-AMC. Aging had little effect on mRNA accumulation whereas four to six-fold increases were observed for the most O(3)-responsive type II metacaspase genes, in the older leaves 10. Global metacaspase activity increased by 257% and 333% in leaves 12 and 10, respectively, in response to the highest cumulated concentration. In non-fumigated plants, metacasp... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636776 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636775&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22277884%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Citulski J, Farahbakhsh K Abstract For nearly two decades, the Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) has been used as a valuable tool for determining the total estrogenic potency of various environmental samples, including influent and effluent streams at municipal wastewater plants. However, applying the YES assay to wastewater sludges and stabilized biosolids has been problematic. This is due to co-extracted compounds from the solids either proving toxic to the yeast or masking the presence of estrogenic substances. The present research describes the development and validation of sample preparation steps that mitigate the toxicity effects of municipal wastewater sludge and biosolid samples in the YES assay, while allowing for reliable dose-dependent expression of estrogenic activi... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636775 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636774&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22277885%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ahmad MK, Mahmood R Abstract Potassium bromate (KBrO(3)) is a widely used food additive, a water disinfection by-product and a known nephrotoxic agent. The effect of KBrO(3) on rat blood, especially on the anti-oxidant defense system, was studied in this work. Animals were given a single oral dose of KBrO(3) (100mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed 12, 24, 48, 96 and 168h after this treatment. Blood was collected from the animals and separated into plasma and erythrocytes. KBrO(3) administration resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, hydrogen peroxide levels and decreased the reduced glutathione content indicating the induction of oxidative stress in blood. Methemoglobin levels and methemoglobin reductase activity were significantly increased while the t... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636774 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636783&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22273183%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we focused on analysis of bioaccumulation and degradation of prometryne in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green alga, along with its adaptive response to prometryne toxicity. C. reinhardtii treated with prometryne at 2.5-12.5μgL(-1) for 4d or 7.5μgL(-1) for 1-6d accumulated a large quantity of prometryne, with more than 2mgkg(-1) fresh weight in cells exposed to 10μgL(-1) prometryne. Moreover, it showed a great ability to degrade simultaneously the cell-accumulated prometryne. Such uptake and catabolism of prometryne led to the rapid removal of prometryne from media. Physiological and molecular analysis revealed that toxicology was associated with accumulation of prometryne in the cells. The biological processes of degradation can be interpreted as an internal tolerance mec... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636783 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636782&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22273184%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schebb NH, Ahn KC, Dong H, Gee SJ, Hammock BD Abstract The antibacterial triclocarban (TCC) concentrates in the cellular fraction of blood. Consequently, plasma levels are at least two-fold lower than the TCC amount present in blood. Utilizing whole blood sampling, a low but significant absorption of TCC from soap during showering is demonstrated for a small group of human subjects. PMID: 22273184 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemosphere) Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636782 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636780&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22273186%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, feasibility of magnetite-activated persulfate oxidation (AP) was evaluated for the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in batch slurry system. Persulfate oxidation activated with soluble Fe(II) (FP) or without activation (SP) was also tested. Kinetic oxidation of PAHs was tracked in spiked sand and in aged PAH contaminated soils at circumneutral pH. Quartz sand was spiked with: (i) single model pollutant (fluorenone) and (ii) organic extract isolated from two PAH contaminated soils (H and NM sampled from ancient coking plants) and was subjected to oxidation. Oxidation was also performed on real H and NM soils with and without an extraction pretreatment. Results indicate that oxidation of fluorenone resulted in its complete degradation by AP while abatement... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636780 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636787&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265680%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saunders SE, Bartz JC, Bartelt-Hunt SL Abstract Prion diseases, including chronic wasting disease (CWD) and scrapie, can be transmitted via indirect environmental routes. Animals habitually ingest soil, and results from laboratory experiments demonstrate prions can bind to a wide range of soils and soil minerals, retain the ability to replicate, and remain infectious, indicating soil could serve as a reservoir for natural prion transmission and a potential prion exposure route for humans. Preliminary epidemiological modeling suggests soil texture may influence the incidence of prion disease. These results are supported by experimental work demonstrating variance in prion interactions with soil, including variance in prion soil adsorption and soil-bound prion replication wi... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636787 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636786&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265681%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li L, Yi H Abstract Sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) is one of the most common and harmful air pollutants. To analyze cellular responses to SO(2), we investigated the transcript alterations, antioxidant enzyme activities and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in Arabidopsisthaliana (Col-0) exposed to SO(2). Transcriptional profiling using Affymetrix GeneChip technology identified 494 genes differentially expressed (⩾2-fold change) in plants exposed to 30mgm(-3) SO(2) for 72h, including up-regulation of some defense-related genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and heat shock proteins. Moreover, numerous genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins and enzymes required for the phenylpropanoid pathway and for cell wall modification were highly activated upon SO(2) exposure. We select... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636786 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636785&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265682%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jolly S, Bado-Nilles A, Lamand F, Turies C, Chadili E, Porcher JM, Betoulle S, Sanchez W Abstract In freshwater ecosystems, a large number of chemical substances are able to disturb homeostasis of fish by modulating one or more physiological functions including the immune system. The aim of this study was to assess multi-biomarker responses including immunotoxicity induced by urban and agricultural pressure in European bullheads living in a small French river basin. For this purpose, a set of biochemical, immunological, physiological and histological parameters was measured in wild bullheads from five locations characterized by various environmental pressures. Moreover, to address effects of physiological status and contamination level variation on biomarker responses, fis... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636785 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636794&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22264858%26dopt%3DAbstract 5:3 Polyfluorinated acid aerobic biotransformation in activated sludge via novel "one-carbon removal pathways" Chemosphere. 2012 Jan 19; Authors: Wang N, Buck RC, Szostek B, Sulecki LM, Wolstenholme BW Abstract The polyfluorinated carboxylic acids 5:3 acid (C(5)F(11)CH(2)CH(2)CO(2)H) and 7:3 acid (C(7)F(15)CH(2)CH(2)CO(2)H) are major products from 6:2 FTOH (C(6)F(13)CH(2)CH(2)OH) and 8:2 FTOH (C(8)F(17)CH(2)CH(2)OH) aerobic biotransformation, respectively. The 5:3 and 7:3 acids were dosed into domestic WWTP activated sludge for 90d to determine their biodegradability. The 7:3 acid aerobic biodegradability was low, only 1.7mol% conversion to perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), whereas no transformation was observed previously in soil. In stark contrast, 5:3 acid aerobic biodegr... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636794 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636793&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22264859%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yu J, Sun L, Xiang J, Hu S, Su S, Qiu J Abstract This paper investigated the volatilization behavior of heavy metals during thermal treatment of model solid waste in a fluidized bed reactor. Four metal chlorides (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) were chosen as metal sources. The influence of redox conditions, water and mineral matrice on heavy metal volatilization was investigated. In general, Cd shows significant vaporization especially when HCl was injected, while Cu and Pb vaporize moderately and Zn vaporization is negligible. Increasing oxygen concentration can lower heavy metal vaporization. Heavy metal interactions with the mineral matter can result in the formation of stable metallic species thus playing a negative effect on their behavior. However, HCl can promote the heavy meta... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636793 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636790&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22264860%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang G, Chen L, Chen J, Ren Z, Wang Z, Chon TS Abstract The Stepwise Behavioral Response Model (SBRM), which is a conceptual model, postulated that an organism displays a time-dependent sequence of compensatory Stepwise Behavioral Response (SBR) during exposure to pollutants above their respective thresholds of resistance. In order to prove the model, in this study, the behavioral responses (BRs) of medaka (Oryzias latipes) in the exposure of Arprocarb (A), Carbofuran (C) and Methomyl (M) were analyzed in an online monitoring system (OMS). The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was utilized for patterning the obtained behavioral data in 0.1 TU (Toxic Unit), 1 TU, 2 TU, 5 TU, 10 TU and 20 TU treatments with control. Some differences among different Carbamate Pesticides (CPs) were o... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636790 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636789&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22264861%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang DQ, Gersberg RM, Hua T, Zhu J, Tuan NA, Tan SK Abstract Determining the fate of emerging organic contaminants in an aquatic ecosystem is important for developing constructed wetlands (CWs) treatment technology. Experiments were carried out in subsurface flow CWs in Singapore to evaluate the fate and transport of eight pharmaceutical compounds. The CW system included three parallel horizontal subsurface flow CWs and three parallel unplanted beds fed continuously with synthetic wastewater at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The findings of the tests at 2-6d HRTs showed that the pharmaceuticals could be categorized as (i) efficiently removed compounds with removal higher than 85% (ketoprofen and salicylic acid); (ii) moderately removed compounds with removal ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636789 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636788&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265348%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hale SE, Elmquist M, Brändli R, Hartnik T, Jakob L, Henriksen T, Werner D, Cornelissen G Abstract Activated carbon (AC) amendment is an innovative method for the in situ remediation of contaminated soils. A field-scale AC amendment of either 2% powder or granular AC (PAC and GAC) to a PAH contaminated soil was carried out in Norway. The PAH concentration in drainage water from the field plot was measured with a direct solvent extraction and by deploying polyoxymethylene (POM) passive samplers. In addition, POM samplers were dug directly in the AC amended and unamended soil in order to monitor the reduction in free aqueous PAH concentrations in the soil pore water. The total PAH concentration in the drainage water, measured by direct solvent extraction of the water, was re... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636788 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618992&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22261369%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Greenwood PF, Berwick LJ, Croué JP Abstract Microscale sealed vessel pyrolysis (MSSVpy) was used to characterise the hydrophobic (HPO) and colloid (COL) fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the effluents (EFFs) of two waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) and several primary source waters (SWs). The EFFs showed a large range of anthropogenically sourced organics - including the metabolites of industrial chemicals (e.g., dioxanes, n- and sec-alkyl substituted benzenes and long chain alkyl phenols), pharmaceuticals (e.g., N- and S-heterocycles) and human waste (e.g., S- and N-organics, steranes/sterenes) - as well as high concentrations of alkyl aromatic and N-organic products (e.g., alkyl indoles, carbazoles and β-carbolines) attributed to the treatment biota. ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618992 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5618992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618990&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22261370%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kabra AN, Khandare RV, Waghmode TR, Govindwar SP Abstract Plants of Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Tronc. performed decolorization of structurally different dyes to varying extent because of induction of different set of enzymes in response to specific dyes. Differential pattern of enzyme induction with respect to time was obtained for lignin peroxidase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, tyrosinase and dichlorophenolindophenol reductase during the decolorization of dye mixture, whose combined action resulted in greater and faster decolorization of dyes. HPLC, FTIR and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) analysis confirmed degradation of dyes from textile effluent and mixture. HPTLC demonstrated progressive decolorization of dye mixture along with preferential degrada... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618990 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5618990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618996&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22257992%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Diehl J, Johnson SE, Xia K, West A, Tomanek L Abstract One of the chemical breakdown products of nonylphenol ethoxylates, 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), accumulates in organisms and is of concern as an environmental pollutant due to its endocrine disrupting effects. We measured 4-NP levels in the seawater, sediment, and twelve organisms within the California estuary, Morro Bay, and examined biomagnification of 4-NP using stable isotope abundances (δ(15)N and δ(13)C) to quantify trophic position. 4-NP concentrations in organisms from Morro Bay included 250±86ngg(-1)lw in liver of California sea lion, 140±56ngg(-1)lw in liver of harbor porpoise, 1380±550ngg(-1)lw in liver of sea otters, 157±36ngg(-1)lw in liver of seabirds, 361±61ngg(-1)lw in arrow goby fish, 628±284ngg(-1)lw... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618996 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5618996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619009&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22248809%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Webster EM, Ellis DA Abstract Biotransformation is widely recognized as the most important and most uncertain determinant of bioaccumulation. A step-wise method for estimating organism-specific biotransformation half-lives from field observations and using established food web modeling is developed. As a proof of concept, the method is applied to the case of nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a well-studied food web in Bohai Bay, China. The estimated half-lives are in good agreement with the existing literature. The proposed biotransformation estimation method, through data mining, for sufficiently defined ecosystems, may greatly reduce the necessary animal testing involved in chemical assessments by providing useful guidance to experimentalists and regulators... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619009 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619024&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245074%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang MC, Chen YT, Chen SH, Chang Chien SW, Sunkara SV Abstract Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were planted in pots to remediate pyrene contaminated quartz sand (as a control group), alluvial and red soils amended with and without compost. The pyrene degradation percentages in quartz sand, alluvial soil, and red soil amended with compost (5%, w/w) and planted with ryegrass and alfalfa for 90d growth were 98-99% and 97-99%, respectively, while those of pyrene in the corresponding treatments amended without compost but planted with ryegrass and alfalfa were 91-96% and 58-89%, respectively. Further, those of pyrene in the respective treatments amended with and without compost but unplanted were 54-77% and 51-63%, respectively. Pyrene contents in both r... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619024 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619020&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245075%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was to identify soil properties influencing OTC sorption and its subsequent bioavailability in five soils with various physical-chemical properties. A solution used to determine bioavailable analytes in soils and sediments, 1MMgCl(2) (pH 8.5), was chosen to desorb the potentially bioavailable fraction of OTC sorbed onto soils. Our results demonstrated that soils with higher illite content and permanent cation exchange capacity have higher OTC sorption capacity, but increase the availability of sorbed OTC indicated by higher release of sorbed OTC from soils into aqueous phase in 1MMgCl(2) (pH 8.5). Reversely, soil organic matter (SOM), clay, kaolinite, variable cation exchange capacity, DCB-Fe and -Al have lower OTC sorption capacity, but decrease the release of sorbed OTC from s... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619020 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619018&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245076%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) models, for ozonation and advanced oxidation process (AOP), were developed with percent-removal of OMPs by ozonation as the criterion variable. The models focused on PPCPs and pesticides elimination in bench-scale studies done within natural water matrices: Colorado River, Passaic River, Ohio River and Suwannee synthetic water. The OMPs removal for the different water matrices varied depending on the water quality conditions such as pH, DOC, alkalinity. The molecular descriptors used to define the OMPs physico-chemical properties range from one-dimensional (atom counts) to three-dimensional (quantum-chemical). Based on a statistical modeling approach using more than 40 molecular descriptors as predictors, descriptors influe... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619018 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619013&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245077%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrated that in the near future it is unlikely that citrate-stabilized Ag-NPs released into sewage will cause significant adversary effects on the COD and NH(4) removal of activated sludge processes in municipal wastewater treatment plants. PMID: 22245077 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemosphere) Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619013 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619042&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245057%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Christen V, Fent K Abstract Engineered silica nanoparticles (SiO(2)-NPs) find widespread application and may lead to exposure of humans and the environment. Here we compare the effects of SiO(2)-NPs and SiO(2)-NPs doped with silver (SiO(2)-Ag-NPs) on survival and cellular function of human liver cells (Huh7) and Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) fibroblast cells (FMH). In Huh7 cells we investigate effects on the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), including ER stress, and interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters. The NPs formed agglomerates/aggregates in cell culture media as revealed by SEM and TEM. SiO(2) and SiO(2)-1% Ag-NPs were taken up into cells as demonstrated by agglomerates occurring in vesicular-like structures or freely... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619042 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619041&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245058%26dopt%3DAbstract This study characterizes the effect of oxygen in the abiotic transformation of estrogens when they are contacted with a surrogate of the vegetable wastes found in sewage. 17β-Estradiol (E2) and 17β-(14)C(4)-estradiol ((14)C-E2) were utilized as model compounds. Batch experiments were run under both oxic and anoxic conditions. In order to accomplish an accurate mass balance of the target estrogen, two analyses were performed simultaneously: first, radioactivity counting, and second, quantitation of E2 and (14)C-E2, as well as their transformation product estrone and (14)C(4)-estrone, by Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry. Under oxic conditions, the total concentration of (14)C-E2 was found to decrease by 78% in 72h (15% and 7% remained in the liquid and solid phases, respectiv... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619041 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619039&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245059%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the aerobic degradation of tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) and changes in the microbial community in river sediment from southern Taiwan. Aerobic degradation rate constants (k(1)) and half-lives (t(1/2)) for TBBPA (50μgg(-1)) ranged from 0.053 to 0.077d(-1) and 9.0 to 13.1d, respectively. The degradation of TBBPA (50μgg(-1)) was enhanced by adding yeast extract (5mgL(-1)), sodium chloride (10ppt), cellulose (0.96mgL(-1)), humic acid (0.5gL(-1)), brij 30 (55μM), brij 35 (91μM), rhamnolipid (130mgL(-1)), or surfactin (43mgL(-1)), with rhamnolipid yielding a higher TBBPA degradation than the other additives. For different toxic chemicals in the sediment, the results showed the high-to-low order of degradation rates were bisphenol-A (BPA) (50μgg(-1))>nonylphenol (... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619039 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619033&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245060%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pileggi M, Pileggi SA, Olchanheski LR, da Silva PA, Munoz Gonzalez AM, Koskinen WC, Barber B, Sadowsky MJ Abstract Mesotrione is a benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione herbicide that inhibits 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase in target plants. Although it has been used since 2000, only a limited number of degrading microorganisms have been reported. Mesotrione-degrading bacteria were selected among strains isolated from Brazilian aquatic environments, located near corn fields treated with this herbicide. Pantoea ananatis was found to rapidly and completely degrade mesotrione. Mesotrione did not serve as a sole C, N, or S source for growth of P. ananatis, and mesotrione catabolism required glucose supplementation to minimal media. LC-MS/MS analyses indicated that mesotrione degr... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619033 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619028&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245061%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lizotte RE, Douglas Shields F, Murdock JN, Knight SS Abstract We assessed the aqueous toxicity mitigation capacity of a hydrologically managed floodplain wetland following a synthetic runoff event amended with a mixture of sediments, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), and pesticides (atrazine, S-metolachlor, and permethrin) using 48-h Hyalella azteca survival and phytoplankton pigment, chlorophyll a. The runoff event simulated a 1h, 1.27cm rainfall event from a 16ha agricultural field. Water (1L) was collected every 30min within the first 4h, every 4h until 48h, and on days 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-amendment at distances of 0, 10, 40, 300 and 500m from the amendment point for chlorophyll a, suspended sediment, nutrient, and pesticide analyses. H. azteca 48-h laboratory ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619028 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619025&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245062%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xin J, Liu X, Jiang L, Li M Abstract Three loamy-clay soil samples (LC1-3) with different properties were collected as the geosorbents to preliminarily investigate the sorption and desorption of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in single system and binary system with the presence of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), which can provide information in order to further understand the sorption mechanisms and evaluate the adsorption sites. A concentration of 10μgL(-1) BDE-209 suppressed the sorption of BDE-47, and the trend became more and more significant with the increase of BDE-47 equilibrium concentration, however, BDE-47 caused no competitive effect on BDE-209 sorption, which was related with the better accessibility of more hydrophobic molecules to adsorption ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619025 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595531&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22239943%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mustafa SA, Davies SJ, Jha AN Abstract Hypoxic events frequently occur in the aquatic environment in association with micro pollutants, including heavy metals. Only a few studies are however available on the uptake and biological responses of heavy metals under hypoxic conditions. To elucidate the phenomenon, mirror carp Cyprinus carpio L. (16.13-16.22g) were exposed chronically to dietary copper (Cu; 250 and 500mgkgdrywt.(-1)) for 30d under normoxic (8.25mgO(2)L(-1)) and hypoxic (∼3mgO(2)L(-1)) conditions and adopting an integrated approach, sub-lethal biomarker responses were determined at different levels of biological organisation. Level of oxidative DNA damage (as determined by modified Comet assay) showed strong significant difference following exposure to dietary ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595531 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595530&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22239944%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Calonne M, Sahraoui AL, Campagnac E, Debiane D, Laruelle F, Grandmougin-Ferjani A, Fontaine J Abstract The increasing concentrations impact (0.02, 0.2 and 2mgL(-1)) of a Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitor (SBI) fungicide, propiconazole, was evaluated on development and sterol metabolism of two non-target organisms: mycorrhizal or non-mycorrhizal transformed chicory roots and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus irregulare using monoxenic cultures. In this work, we provide the first evidence of a direct impact of propiconazole on the AMF by disturbing its sterol metabolism. A significant decrease in end-products sterols contents (24-methylcholesterol and in 24-ethylcholesterol) was observed concomitantly to a 24-methylenedihydrolanosterol accumulation indicating the in... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595530 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595529&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22239945%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Souissi Y, Bourcier S, Bouchonnet S, Genty C, Sablier M Abstract The identification of degradation products generated upon photolysis of estrone (E1), a natural estrogenic hormone, under simulated UV irradiation conditions was addressed by the use of LC-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. The structures of the main degradation products were elucidated, demonstrating how the use of model molecules 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphtol (THN), 2-methylcyclopentanone (MCP), labeled molecule estrone D(4) (E1-D(4)), the investigation of the fragmentation pathways of the parent E1, the concurrent use of CID and exact mass measurements permit the characterization of structural modifications induced by photodegradation processes. In the present study, we identified nine major by-products of which seve... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595529 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595538&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22236587%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim TH, Bang DY, Lim HJ, Jin Won A, Ahn MY, Patra N, Chung KK, Kwack SJ, Park KL, Han SY, Choi WS, Han JY, Lee BM, Oh JE, Yoon JH, Lee J, Kim HS Abstract Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), commonly used flame retardants, have been reported as potential endocrine disruptor and neurodevelopmental toxicants, thus giving rise to the public health concern. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between umbilical cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk concentrations of PBDEs in South Korean. We assessed PBDE levels in paired samples of umbilical cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk. The levels of seven PBDE congeners were measured in 21 paired samples collected from the Cheil Woman's Hospital (Seoul, Korea) in 2008. We also measured thyroid h... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595538 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595537&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22236588%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ma L, Zhang J, Han L, Li W, Xu L, Hu F, Li H Abstract Understanding the effects of aging time on the fraction distribution and bioavailability of PAH, such as phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR), has considerable benefits for risk assessment, food security and remediation strategies for contaminated soil. The results of the present study show that the proportion of the desorbed PHE decreased from ca. 82% at day 0 to ca. 65% at day 150. In addition, non-desorbed PHE increased from ca. 18% at day 0 to ca. 31% at day 150, whereas the changes of desorbed and non-desorbed PYR showed no significant trend during this aging period. The proportion of desorbed PYR was lower than that of PHE, whereas the opposite occurred with the non-desorbed fraction. After 150d of aging, the propo... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595537 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595536&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22236589%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li G, Wan S, An T Abstract A biotrickling filter inoculated with commercial mixed microorganisms B350 was employed to treat N-containing odorous vapor - aniline. Results indicated no aniline could be detected when empty bed residence time (EBRT) was larger than 110s at inlet concentration of 0.30gm(-3). The variation of inlet concentration did not change removal efficiencies when concentration is less than 0.21gm(-3) at fixed EBRT 110s. Biodegradation mechanism of aniline was tentatively proposed based on identified intermediates and predicted biodegradation pathway as well as final mineralized products. Aniline was firstly biodegraded to catechol, and then to levulinic acid and subsequently to succinic acid. Finally, about 62% aniline carbon was completely mineralized to ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595536 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595535&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22236590%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lin Y, Munroe P, Joseph S, Henderson R, Ziolkowski A Abstract Biochar, as a soil amendment, can increase concentrations of soil organic matter, especially water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC). This can affect the adsorption-desorption equilibrium between the dissolved solid phases in soil organic matter. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) represents a small proportion of soil organic matter, but is of significant importance in the soil ecosystem due to its mobility and reactivity. Here, water extracts obtained from twelve non-herbaceous biochars (before, and after, chemical treatment with either H(3)PO(4) or KOH), were tested by Liquid Chromatography - Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD) to identify the effects of both pyrolysis conditions and chemical treatments on WEOC cont... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595535 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595534&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22236591%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhou Q, Diao C, Sun Y, Zhou J Abstract The growth, photosynthesis rate, and ultrastructure of Mirabilis jalapa L. as a newly-found remediation species under stress of nitrobenzene (NB) and its uptake and removal of NB by the plants were investigated. The results showed that M. jalapa plants could endure contaminated soils by lower than 10.0mgNBkg(-1) because there was no decrease in the total length of the plant roots, the maximum length of the hypocotyle, the length of the first seminal root, the height of the shoots and the dry biomass of the seedlings as well as the photosynthesis rate of the plants compared with those in the control. In particular, the growth of the plants could be significantly (P<0.01) enhanced by 0.1mgNBkg(-1) under unautoclaved and autoclaved so... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595534 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595533&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22236592%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kerambrun E, Le Floch S, Sanchez W, Thomas Guyon H, Meziane T, Henry F, Amara R Abstract In the present study, juvenile sea bass were exposed for 48 and 96h to an Arabian light crude oil and their responses were assessed at the molecular and physiological levels. The aim of the study was therefore to assess (i) the short term effects of crude oil exposure by the measurement of several molecular biomarkers, (ii) the consequences of this short term exposure on fish health by using growth and condition indices measured after a decontamination period of 28 and 26d in seawater. Hydrocarbon petroleum concentrations was monitored during the 96h experiments and an increase of PAH concentrations were found in fish following both exposure times. An 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (ER... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595533 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595532&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22236593%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ezechiáš M, Svobodová K, Cajthaml T Abstract After the phase-out of two commercial mixtures of brominated flame retardants, an increasing number of alternative flame retardants have been introduced in commercial applications. None of them, however, has been thoroughly tested for its hormonal activity. We used two yeast reporter-gene assays to determine the potential of eleven compounds to interfere with estrogenic and androgenic pathways. Our data demonstrate the ability of 2,4,6-tribromophenol to lower the transcriptional activity of human estrogen and androgen receptors. A nominal IC(50) value of 14.1μM for anti-estrogenic and 3.9μM for anti-androgenic activity was obtained using the luciferase reporter. An IC(50) value of 9.2μM was calculated for the anti-estrogen... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595532 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595543&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230726%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schaffer M, Boxberger N, Börnick H, Licha T, Worch E Abstract The pH-dependent transport of eight selected ionizable pharmaceuticals was investigated by using saturated column experiments. Seventy-eight different breakthrough curves on a natural sandy aquifer material were produced and compared for three different pH levels at otherwise constant conditions. The experimentally obtained K(OC) data were compared with calculated K(OC) values derived from two different logK(OW)-logK(OC) correlation approaches. A significant pH-dependence on sorption was observed for all compounds with pK(a) in the considered pH range. Strong retardation was measured for several compounds despite their hydrophilic character. Besides an overall underestimation of K(OC), the comparison between ca... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595543 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595542&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230727%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigates and compares the cell toxicity of different aqueous fullerene aggregates. Popular C(60) dispersal methods were used to prepare four types of nC(60) aggregates. These aggregates were tested against the indicator species Escherichia coli (E. coli) AMC 198. With aggregates of around 150nm in diameter, the THF/nC(60) suspension was very toxic and gave rise to a half maximal effective concentration (EC(50)) of 0.54mgL(-1) in E. coli. By contrast, the Tol/nC(60) suspension exhibited a cytoprotective role while the Aqu-N(2)/nC(60) and Aqu-O(2)/nC(60) suspensions enhanced the metabolism of E. coli. Although some toxicants, such as THF and THF-peroxide, were introduced into the THF/nC(60) suspension during the dispersion, the toxicity of nC(60) itself cannot be neglected. ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595542 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595541&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230728%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Höhener P, Silvestre V, Lefrançois A, Loquet D, Botosoa EP, Robins RJ, Remaud GS Abstract The aim of this study was to conceive a reactive transport model capable of providing quantitative site-specific enrichment factors for fractionation in (13)C isotopic content during sorption. As test compound the model treats vanillin, for which the (13)C isotopic content at natural abundance at each of the 8 carbon positions can be measured by quantitative (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. This technique determines the isotope ratios with a resolution better than ±1‰ (0.1%) at each carbon position. Site-specific isotope fractionations were recorded in chromatography column experiments with silica RP-18 as stationary phase. The one dimensional reactive transport mod... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595541 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595540&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230729%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhu B, Gao KS, Wang KJ, Ke CH, Huang HQ Abstract As mercury and lead, cadmium (Cd) is one of the highly toxic metals in both the ocean and land environments, but its toxicological mechanism in organisms including human is still unclear because of the complex toxicological pathways in vivo. Here, the alga Chlorella vulgaris were cultivated at room temperature under the stress of cadmium (1mgL(-1)) to obtain a toxic food, and then the contaminated food were directly supplied to oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) in seawater. After feeding with C. vulgaris contaminated with Cd (C. vulgaris-Cd), the differential proteins in the oyster gonad (OG) were effectively separated and identified with proteomic approaches. Eleven protein spots were observed to be significantly changed in the... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595540 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595539&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230730%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hirakawa I, Miyagawa S, Katsu Y, Kagami Y, Tatarazako N, Kobayashi T, Kusano T, Mizutani T, Ogino Y, Takeuchi T, Ohta Y, Iguchi T Abstract The occurrence of oocytes in the testis (testis-ova) of several fish species is often associated with exposure of estrogenic chemicals. However, induction mechanisms of the testis-ova remain to be elucidated. To develop marker genes for detecting testis-ova in the testis, adult male medaka were exposed to nominal concentration of 100ngL(-1) of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) for 3-5weeks, and 800ng estradiol benzoate (EB) for 3weeks (experiment I), and a measured concentration of 20ngL(-1) EE2 for 1-6weeks (experiment II). Histological analysis was performed for the testis, and microarray analyses were performed for the testis, liver and br... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595539 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595546&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226365%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the heterogeneous reactions of nitrate (NO(3)) radicals with three typical OPPs (parathion, malathion, and fenthion) absorbed on azelaic acid particles are investigated using an online vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-ATOFMS). The reaction products observed with the VUV-ATOFMS are identified on the basis of GC/MS analysis of the products in the reaction between NO(3) radicals and the coating of the pesticide. Paraoxon is identified as the only product of parathion; malaoxon and bis(1,2-bis-ethoxycarbonylethyl)disulfide as the products of malathion; fenoxon, fenoxon sulfoxide, fenthion sulfoxide, fenoxon sulfone, and fenthion sulfone as the products of fenthion. The degradation rates of parathion, malathion, and fenthion under t... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595546 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595545&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226366%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grabowski T, Jaroszewski JJ, Piotrowski W, Feder M Abstract Aim of the present study was an attempt to find a correlation between physicochemical structure of veterinary drugs and the maximum residue limit (MRL) for muscle tissue of food producing animals. Direct correlation and analysis in quintile groups for 52 physicochemical parameters were performed. An internal validation using leave-one-out cross-validation was performed. In the quintile groups, there were 11 arithmetic expressions created for the limited group of individual parameters (13 from 52 analyzed), which showed a significant linear or quadratic correlation between the number of quintile group and the mean value of MRL within the quintile. The results obtained suggest that there is no direct correlation bet... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595545 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595544&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226367%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu CP, Luo CL, Xu XH, Wu CA, Li FB, Zhang G Abstract The ability of calcium peroxide (CaO(2)) to immobilize As of contaminated soil was studied using pot and field experiments. In pot experiment, CaO(2) applied at 2.5 and 5gkg(-1) significantly increased celery shoot weight and decreased shoot As accumulation, which was ascribed to the formation of stable crystalline Fe and Al oxides bound As and the reduction of labile As fractions in the soil. The labile As fractions were pH dependent and it followed a "V" shaped profile with the change of pH. In field experiment, the dose of CaO(2) application at 750kgha(-1) was optimal and at which the celery was found to produce the highest biomass (63.4Mgha(-1)) and lowest As concentration (0.43mgkg(-1)). CaO(2) probably has a promi... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595544 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595553&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22225702%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kar S, Roy K Abstract Different regulatory agencies in food and drug administration and environmental protection worldwide are employing quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to fill the data gaps related with properties of chemicals affecting the environment and human health. Carcinogenicity is a toxicity endpoint of major concern in recent times. Interspecies toxicity correlations may provide a tool for estimating sensitivity towards toxic chemical exposure with known levels of uncertainty for a diversity of wildlife species. In this background, we have developed quantitative interspecies structure-carcinogenicity correlation models for rat and mouse [rodent species according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideli... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595553 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595552&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22225703%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dufková V, Cabala R, Sevčík V Abstract A method employing solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization has been developed for determination of ultratrace concentrations of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids in river water. The effects of the experimental parameters, such as the pH, additions of NaCl and an ion-pairing agent (tetraethylammonium bromide) and the kind of the elution agent, on the efficiency of the test acid extraction have been studied. The analyte extraction recoveries and the limits of detection and determination have been found. The method developed has been tested on determinations of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids in the waters of the two largest Czech rivers, Vltava and Labe (Elbe). The best ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595552 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595551&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22225704%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the Cr(VI) uptake mechanism in an indigenous Cr(VI)-tolerant bacterial strain -Bacillus cereus through batch and microscopic experiments. We found that both the cells and the supernatant collected from B. cereus cultivation could reduce Cr(VI). The valence state analysis revealed the complete transformation from Cr(VI) into Cr(III) by living B. cereus. Further X-ray absorption fine structure and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the reduced Cr(III) was coordinated with carboxyl and amido functional groups from either the cells or supernatant. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy observation showed that noticeable Cr(III) precipitates were accumulated on bacterial surfaces. However, Cr(III) could also be detected in bacterial ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595551 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595550&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22225705%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wrinn KM, Evans SC, Rypstra AL Abstract Animals use chemical cues for signaling between species. However, anthropogenic chemicals might interrupt this natural chemical information flow, with potential impacts on predator-prey interactions. Our goal was to explore how Buccaneer® Plus, a common herbicide similar to Round-up® (active ingredient glyphosate), affected the interactions between intraguild predators. The wolf spider Pardosa milvina (Hentz, 1844) is numerically dominant in agricultural systems across the eastern United States, and often falls prey to or competes with the larger wolf spider, Hogna helluo (Walckenaer, 1837) and/or the carabid beetle, Scarites quadriceps (Chaudoir, 1843). We tested the effects of chemical cues from these intraguild predators and exp... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595550 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595549&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22225706%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Korkmaz Görür F, Keser R, Akçay N, Dizman S Abstract Marine fish is an important daily diet item for the people of Turkey. The Black Sea Region of Turkey was contaminated by the Chernobyl accident in 1986, a comprehensive study was planned and carried out to determine the radioactivity levels ((226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs) and heavy metal concentrations (As, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu and Pb) in four of the most common fish species: Engraulis encrasicholus (anchovy), Oncorhynchus mykiss (trout), Trachurus mediterranus (bluefin) and Merlangius merlangus (whiting) samples collected from eight stations in the Black Sea Region of Turkey during 2010. The dose due to consumption of fish by the public was estimated and it was shown that this dose imposes no threat to human ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595549 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595548&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22225707%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated CH(3)Cl emissions from leaf litter of twelve halophyte species. The emissions were not due to biological activity, and emission rates varied between halophyte species up to two orders of magnitude. For all species, the CH(3)Cl emission rates increased with temperature following the Arrhenius relation. Activation energies were similar for all investigated plant species, indicating that even though emissions vary largely between plant species, their response to changing temperatures is similar. The chloride and methoxyl group contents of the leaf litter samples were determined, but those parameters were not significantly correlated to the CH(3)Cl emission rate. PMID: 22225707 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemosphere) Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595548 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595547&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22225708%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dai LP, Dong XJ, Ma HH Abstract Anthocyanins inducibly synthesized by Cd treatment showed high antioxidant activity and might be involved in internal detoxification mechanisms of Azolla imbricata against Cd toxicity. In order to understand anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanism during Cd stress, the cDNAs encoding chalcone synthase (CHS) and dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), two key enzymes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, were isolated from A. imbricata. Deduced amino acid sequences of the cDNAs showed high homology to the sequences from other plants. Expression of AiDFR, and to a lesser extent AiCHS, was significantly induced in Cd treatment plant in comparison with the control. CHS and DFR enzymatic activities showed similar pattern changes with these genes expression d... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595547 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576599&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22221664%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gracia-Lor E, Sancho JV, Serrano R, Hernández F Abstract A survey on the presence of pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater of a Spanish Mediterranean area (Castellon province) was carried out. The scope of the study included a wide variety of pharmaceuticals belonging to different therapeutical classes. For this purpose, 112 samples, including influent and effluent wastewater, from different conventional wastewater treatment plants were collected. Two monitoring programmes were carried out along several seasons. The first was in June 2008 and January 2009, and the second in April and October 2009. During the first monitoring, the occurrence of 20 analytes in 84 urban wastewater samples (influent and effluent) was studied. The selection of these pharmaceuticals was mainly ba... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576599 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5576599 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576598&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22221665%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hughes L, Mackay D, Powell DE, Kim J Abstract The EQuilibrium Criterion (EQC) model developed and published in 1996 has been widely used for screening level evaluations of the multimedia, fugacity-based environmental fate of organic chemicals for educational, industrial, and regulatory purposes. Advances in the science of chemical partitioning and reactivity and the need for more rigorous regulatory evaluations have resulted in a need to update the model. The New EQC model is described which includes an improved treatment of input partitioning and reactivity data, temperature dependence and an easier sensitivity and uncertainty analysis but uses the same multi-level approach, equations and environmental parameters as in the original version. A narrative output is also prod... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576598 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5576598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576597&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22221666%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ye XX, Sun B, Yin YL Abstract Human exposure to toxic heavy metals via the food chain is of increasing concern. In the present study, the effects of soil type and genotype on variation in arsenic (As) concentrations of different organs were investigated by using nine rice cultivars grown in two soils, with two levels of As contamination. There were significant genotypic differences (P<0.05) in As concentrations of all organs, and As concentrations of polished grain were significantly affected by genotype and soil type. The As concentration in polished grain was higher in red paddy soil under As treatment, with range from 0.24 to 1.03mgkg(-1), and the As concentration of three cultivars exceeded the concentration of Chinese Food Hygiene Standard (0.7mgkg(-1)). The As con... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576597 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5576597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576596&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22221667%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gandois L, Probst A Abstract Trace metals (TM: Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) as well as Al, Mn, and Fe content was measured in needles of a remote silver fir stand in the south of France. TM localisation and behaviour in needles was evaluated by measuring total and internal content of needles of different ages. Measured concentrations fell within background values. Al, Fe, Co, and Pb were trapped in wax following atmospheric particulate deposition. Contrasting accumulation and migration behaviours of the different elements studied were observed. The wax contained less than 10% Mn, Al, Ni, Co, and Zn and 15-45% Fe, Cu, and Cd in the young needles. Lead was mostly located in the wax (50-80%), and this proportion decreased with needle age. Only the internal content of Pb and Fe... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576596 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5576596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576601&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217454%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, experimental results indicated that microbial activity played a key role in TBM removal from polluted soil. Twenty-six bacterial strains were isolated and their degradation of TBM was evaluated. Serratia sp. strain BW30 was selected and subjected to further investigation on its degradative mechanism. TBM degradation by strain BW30 was dependent on glucose that was converted into lactic or oxalic acids. HPLC-MS analysis revealed two end-products from TBM degradation, and they were identical to the products from TBM acidohydrolysis. Based on this observation, it is proposed that microbe-mediated acidohydrolysis of TBM was involved in TBM degradation in soil, and possible application of this observation in bioremediation of TBM-polluted soil is discussed. PMID: 22217454 [Pu... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576601 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5576601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576600&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217455%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the influence of carbonates and chloride on the reactivity of persulfate for three different activation techniques to produce reactive free sulfate radicals; heat, alkaline and iron activation. By using p-nitrosodimethylaniline as model target compound, it was demonstrated that iron activation at neutral pH was not affected by Cl(-) or HCO(3)(-), alkaline activation was enhanced by Cl(-) and even more by CO(3)(2-), and heat activation was enhanced by Cl(-), and no effect from HCO(3)(-) was observed. At pH 2 destruction of perchloroethylene by iron activated persulfate was significantly affected by chloride. Reaction rates decreased, but the overall oxidation efficiency was unaffected up to 28mM Cl(-). The effect of chloride and carbonates is caused by direct attack ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576600 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5576600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576595&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22224204%26dopt%3DAbstract Retraction notice to "particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons near power plants as determined by large volume injection – GC/MS, Chemosphere 80 (2010) 235–240". Chemosphere. 2012 Jan;86(2):216 Authors: Evagelopoulos V, Albanis TA, Kodona E, Zoras S PMID: 22224204 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chemosphere) Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576595 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5576595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576602&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22212897%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Soedarini B, Klaver L, Roessink I, Widianarko B, van Straalen NM, van Gestel CA Abstract Metal pollution e.g. copper, in water bodies occurs worldwide. Although copper is an essential trace metal, at certain levels it is still considered as pollutant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exposure concentration on copper bioaccumulation in marbled crayfish (Procambarus sp.) by determining uptake and elimination kinetics. Crayfish were exposed to sub-lethal copper concentrations (average measured concentrations of 0.031 and 0.38mgCuL(-1)) for 14d and transferred to copper-free water for another 14d. At different time points during the uptake and elimination phases copper concentrations were measured in five organs (exoskeleton, gills, muscle, ovaries and he... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576602 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5576602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557982&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209250%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arzate-Cárdenas MA, Martínez-Jerónimo F Abstract Cladocerans are able to store energy in the form of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. However, their ability to do so depends to a large extent on their physiological and reproductive condition as well as their age. These macromolecules constitute the total caloric reserves of the body and may be modified as a result of environmental stress conditions by either physical or nutritional factors or by exposure to toxic compounds. Neonates of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia schodleri were exposed to 0.0064, 0.032 and 0.064mgL(-1) of hexavalent chromium - Cr(VI) - up to age 5, 7, 14, 21 or 28d. Survival and fecundity of parthenogenetic females was evaluated for 28d (maximum exposure period). Body len... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557982 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557981&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209251%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, biological monitoring of chlorpyrifos exposure in a group of rice farmers was conducted after a typical application event using back-pack spraying. Urine samples (24h) were collected from the rice farmers before and post insecticide application. Samples were analysed for 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCP), the major urinary metabolite of chlorpyrifos, using an enzymatic pre-treatment before extraction followed by HPLC-MS/MS. Absorbed Daily Dose (ADD) of chlorpyrifos for farmers were then estimated from urinary TCP levels, expressed as μgg(-1)creatinine. The analytical method for urinary TCP had a low detection limit (0.6μgL(-1)), acceptable recovery values (80-114%), and low relative percentage differences in duplicate and repeated samples. Post-application chlorpyrifos ADD of... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557981 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557980&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209252%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang L, Wang C, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhong Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Zuo Z Abstract It is reported that the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in weathered crude oils are cardiotoxic. However, the action mechanism of PAHs on vertebrate cardiovascular development and disease is unclear. In the present study, the cardiac morphology and functioning of zebrafish embryos exposed to benzo[a]pyrene [B(a)P], as a high-ring PAHs, for 72h were observed and determined. The results showed that B(a)P exposure resulted in cardiac developmental defects in zebrafish embryos. Significant changes in expression level of multiple genes potentially critical for regulating the B(a)P-induced cardiovascular developmental defects were also found. A gene network regulating cardiac developmen... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557980 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557979&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209253%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lashermes G, Barriuso E, Houot S Abstract The organic pollutants (OPs) present in compostable organic residues can be recovered in the final composts leading to environmental impacts related to their use in agriculture. However, the composting process may contribute to their partial dissipation that is classically evaluated through the concentration decrease in extractable OPs, without identification of the responsible mechanisms as mineralization or stabilization of OP as non-extractable residues (NER) or bound residues. The dissipation of four (14)C-labeled OPs (fluoranthene; 4-n-nonylphenol, NP; sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate, LAS; glyphosate) was assessed during composting of sewage sludge and green waste. The dissipation of LAS largely resulted from its minera... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557979 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557978&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209254%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gunawardana C, Goonetilleke A, Egodawatta P, Dawes L, Kokot S Abstract Road dust contain potentially toxic pollutants originating from a range of anthropogenic sources common to urban land uses and soil inputs from surrounding areas. The research study analysed the mineralogy and morphology of dust samples from road surfaces from different land uses and background soil samples to characterise the relative source contributions to road dust. The road dust consist primarily of soil derived minerals (60%) with quartz averaging 40-50% and remainder being clay forming minerals of albite, microcline, chlorite and muscovite originating from surrounding soils. About 2% was organic matter primarily originating from plant matter. Potentially toxic pollutants represented about 30% of ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557978 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557977&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209299%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paz-Ferreiro J, Baez-Bernal D, Castro Insúa J, García Pomar MI Abstract The use of a by-product of the fisheries industry (mussel shell) combined with cattle slurry was evaluated as soil amendment, with special attention to the biological component of soil. A wide number of properties related to soil quality were measured: microbial biomass, soil respiration, net N mineralization, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, urease and phosphomonoesterase activities. The amendments showed an enhancement of soil biological activity and a decrease of aluminium held in the cation exchange complex. No adverse effects were observed on soil properties. Given that mussel shells are produced in coastal areas a... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557977 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557976&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209300%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we demonstrated the impact of silvering on PAH metabolite concentrations in eel bile and present suitable normalization procedures to overcome silvering related accumulation effects. Thus, for a future eel monitoring we recommend (1) to regularly monitor PAH metabolites in bile, (2) to determine silvering index of eel and (3) to normalize PAH metabolite values in bile based on maturation/silvering stages. The knowledge of the silvering stage is mandatory for an unbiased evaluation of PAH contamination of European eel towards an international harmonized eel monitoring program. PMID: 22209300 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemosphere) Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557976 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557975&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209301%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lo KW, Saha-Roy SC, Jans U Abstract Reactions of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), a widely used brominated flame retardant, with reduced sulfur species (e.g., polysulfide and bisulfide) were investigated in well-defined solutions under anoxic conditions. It is likely that reactions of HBCD with reduced sulfur species such as polysulfides and bisulfide present in anoxic subregions of coastal water bodies and sediments could have a significant impact on the fate of HBCD. The second-order reaction rate constant of HBCD with polysulfides in 80% methanol/20% water at 40°C is 2.2 (±0.3)×10(-2)M(-1)s(-1). The second-order reaction rate constant of HBCD with bisulfide is 8.9 (±2.8)×10(-4)M(-1)s(-1) under the same conditions. The formation of two products was observed with eithe... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557975 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557974&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209302%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang Y, Sun R, Ma M, Wang D Abstract Photoreduction is of immense importance to mercury transfer from water to atmosphere. In this investigation, the reduction of HgCl(2) and Hg(NO(3))(2) under dark, natural light and ultraviolet radiation (UV) was estimated using series of laboratory experiments. The result showed that the role of light irradiation in HgCl(2) reduction was entirely different from that in Hg(NO(3))(2). The rate of HgCl(2) reduction was in the order of UV>natural light>dark, compared with dark>natural light>UV of Hg(NO(3))(2). The experiments of mercury reduction treated by KNO(3) and CH(3)OH, which was used as a NO(3)(-) provider and a ()OH scavenger respectively, indicated that ()OH which was produced via direct photolysis of NO(3)(-) in wate... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557974 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557973&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209320%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Antony A, Bassendeh M, Richardson D, Aquilina S, Hodgkinson A, Law I, Leslie G Abstract Granular activated carbon (GAC) exhaustion rates on pulp and paper effluent from South East Australia were found to be a factor of three higher (3.62cf. 1.47kgm(-3)) on Kraft mills compared to mills using Thermomechanical pulping supplemented by Recycled Fibre (TMP/RCF). Biological waste treatment at both mills resulted in a final effluent COD of 240mgL(-1). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was only 1.2 times higher in the Kraft effluent (70 vs. 58mgL(-1)), however, GAC treatment of Kraft and TMP/RCF effluent was largely different on the DOC persisted after biological treatment. The molecular mass (636 vs. 534gmol(-1)) and aromaticity (5.35 vs. 4.67Lmg(-1)m(-1)) of humic substances (H... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557973 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557983&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22206646%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hiller E, Tatarková V, Simonovičová A, Bartal' M Abstract Herbicide leaching through soil into groundwater greatly depends upon sorption-desorption and degradation phenomena. Batch adsorption, desorption and degradation experiments were performed with acidic herbicide MCPA and three soil types collected from their respective soil horizons. MCPA was found to be weakly sorbed by the soils with Freundlich coefficient values ranging from 0.37 to 1.03mg(1-1/)(n)kg(-1)L(1/)(n). It was shown that MCPA sorption positively correlated with soil organic carbon content, humic and fulvic acid carbon contents, and negatively with soil pH. The importance of soil organic matter in MCPA sorption by soils was also confirmed by performing sorption experiments after soil organic matter rem... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557983 Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557990&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205044%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang JM, Chai WG, Wu YL Abstract The fate of chlorantraniliprole was studied in rice field ecosystem, and a simple and reliable analytical method was developed for determination of chlorantraniliprole in soil, rice straw, paddy water and brown rice. Chlorantraniliprole residues were extracted from samples with acetonitrile. The extract was cleaned up with QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method, and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The average recoveries were 76.9-82.4% from soil, 83.6-89.3% from rice straw, 95.2-103.1% from paddy water and 84.9-87.7% from brown rice. The relative standard deviation was less than 15%. The limits of detection (LODs) of chlorantrani... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557990 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557989&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205045%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Taju G, Abdul Majeed S, Nambi KS, Sarath Babu V, Vimal S, Kamatchiammal S, Hameed AS Abstract Cell lines of Etroplus suratensis established in our laboratory were evaluated for their potential use as screening tools for the ecotoxicological assessment of tannery effluent. The cytotoxic effect of tannery effluent in three cell lines derived from eye, kidney and gill tissue of E. suratensis was assessed using multiple endpoints such as Neutral Red (NR) assay, Coomassie Blue (CB) protein assay and Alamar Blue (AB) assay. Acute toxicity tests on fish were conducted by exposing E. suratensis for 96h to tannery effluent under static conditions. The toxic effect of tannery effluent on the survival of fish was found to be concentration and time dependent. The tannery effluent at t... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557989 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557988&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205046%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we evaluated degradation of benzene by a methanogenic enrichment culture obtained from non-contaminated lotus field soil, alone and in the presence of several putative metabolic intermediates, that is, toluene, benzoate and phenol. Using stable isotope ((13)C) labeled substrate, benzene was shown to be degraded almost completely to equimolar concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide, without detectable accumulation of extracellular metabolites. Concurrently, toluene, benzoate and phenol were also effectively mineralized, but probably by microorganisms other than the benzene degraders. The latter included Hasda-A, which is putative benzene-degrading deltaproteobacterium present in the culture. While toluene and benzoate did not affect benzene degradation, phenol had a mode... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557988 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557987&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205047%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chu W, Rao YF Abstract A comprehensive study of the degradation of monuron, one of the phenylurea herbicides, was conducted by UV-Vis/WO(3) process. It was found that hydroxyl radicals played a major role in the decay of monuron while other radicals (e.g. superoxide) and hole might also contribute to the decomposition of monuron. The oxidation path likely plays a major role in the generation of hydroxyl radicals. The effects of initial pH level, initial concentration of monuron, and inorganic oxidants on the performance of UV-Vis/WO(3) process were also investigated and optimized. Comparison between monuron decay pathways by UV-Vis/WO(3) and UV/TiO(2) was conducted. The decay mechanisms, including N-terminus demethylation, dechlorination and direct hydroxylation on benzene... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557987 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557986&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205048%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Osterc A, Stibilj V Abstract Compared to the pre-nuclear era, large amounts of (129)I have been released to the marine environment, especially as liquid and gaseous discharges from two European reprocessing plants located at Sellafield and La Hague. Their liquid discharges influence Northern Europe and most research was conducted in the area of the North Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic Sea. In this article data on (129)I content and (129)I/(127)I ratios observed in the North Adriatic Sea, which is a rather enclosed basin of the Mediterranean Sea, are presented. To the best of our knowledge no data on (129)I in the Mediterranean Sea have previously been reported. As this area is isolated from direct liquid discharges, the main transport pathway is probably gaseous releases fr... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557986 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557985&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205049%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Dyk JC, Cochrane MJ, Wagenaar GM Abstract This paper reports on a comparative perspective of liver histopathological data of the sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus. The data was collected from a spectrum of relatively un-impacted and isolated, to polluted, eutrophic freshwater ecosystems. Results were compared between regional areas, by combining data from freshwater systems which has a similar pollution status and/or is located within the same geographical region. Measurements included necropsy observations, semi-quantitative liver histopathology (Liver Index), and selected biometrical indices. The aim was to establish whether the results of these measurements would differ between, and/or reflect the pollution status of, the different freshwater aquatic ecosystems.... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557985 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557984&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205050%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chu W, Gao N, Yin D, Deng Y, Templeton MR Abstract Pilot-scale tests were performed to reduce the formation of several nitrogenous and carbonaceous disinfection by-products (DBPs) with an integrated ozone and biological activated carbon (O(3)-BAC) treatment process following conventional water treatment processes (coagulation-sedimentation-filtration). Relative to the conventional processes alone, O(3)-BAC significantly improved the removal of turbidity, dissolved organic carbon, UV(254), NH(4)(+) and dissolved organic nitrogen from 98-99%, 58-72%, 31-53%, 16-93% and 35-74%, respectively, and enhanced the removal efficiency of the precursors for the measured DBPs. The conventional process was almost ineffective in removing the precursors of trichloronitromethane (TCNM) and... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557984 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544577&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197015%26dopt%3DAbstract This study compared the lead leachabilities of PbO and lead feldspar using a prolonged leaching test (at pH 2.9 for 23d) modified from the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. The results indicate the superiority of lead feldspar in stabilizing lead and suggest a promising and reliable strategy to stabilize lead in ceramic products. PMID: 22197015 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemosphere) Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544577 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544576&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197016%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Amezcua-Allieri MA, Avila-Chávez MA, Trejo A, Meléndez-Estrada J Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic substances which are resistant to environmental degradation due to their highly hydrophobic nature. Soils contaminated with PAHs pose potential risks to human and ecological health, therefore concern over their adverse effects have resulted in extensive studies on their removal from contaminated soils. The main purpose of this study was to compare experimental results of PAHs removal, from a natural certified soil polluted with PAHs, by biological methods (using bioaugmentation and biostimulation in a solid-state culture) with those from supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), using supercritical ethane as solvent. The comparison of results bet... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544576 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544575&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197017%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang W, Zhuang L, Tong L, Lo IM, Qiu R Abstract Cr(VI) was often reported to oxidize soil organic matter at acidic environments due to its high ORP, probably thus changing cationic metal species bound to soil organic matter, and influencing their electro-migration patterns. However, such an effect on the electro-migration was not confirmed in most previous studies. Therefore, this study applied a fixed voltage direct current field on an aged electroplating contaminated clayed soil, with a special interest in the direct or indirect influence of Cr(VI) on the electro-migration of other coexisting metals. After 353h electrokinetic process, 81% of Zn, 53% of Ni and 22% of Cu in the original soil were electro-migrated into the electrolyte, and most of the remaining concentrate... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544575 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544574&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197018%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Białk-Bielińska A, Maszkowska J, Mrozik W, Bielawska A, Kołodziejska M, Palavinskas R, Stepnowski P, Kumirska J Abstract Sulfonamides (SAs) are one of the oldest groups of veterinary chemotherapeutic agents. As these compounds are not completely metabolized in animals, a high proportion of the native form is excreted in feces and urine. They are therefore released either directly to the environment in aquacultures and by grazing animals, or indirectly during the application of manure or slurry. Once released into the environment, SAs become distributed among various environmental compartments and may be transported to surface or ground waters. The physicochemical properties of SAs, dosage and nature of the matrix are the factors mainly responsible for their distribution... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544574 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544573&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197310%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nguyen LT, Muyssen BT, Janssen CR Abstract The amphipod Hyalella azteca was exposed for 28d to different combinations of Zn contaminated sediment and food. Sediment exposure (+clean food) resulted in increased Zn body burdens, increased mortality and decreased body mass when the molar concentrations of simultaneously extracted Zn were greater than the molar concentration of Acid Volatile Sulfide (SEM(Zn)-AVS>0), suggesting that dissolved Zn was a dominant route of exposure. No adverse effect was noted in the foodexposure (+clean sediment), suggesting selective feeding or regulation. Combined exposure (sediment+food) significantly increased adverse effects in comparison with sediment exposure, indicating contribution of dietary Zn to toxicity and bioaccumulation. The obs... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544573 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544572&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197311%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Santhi VA, Hairin T, Mustafa AM Abstract A study to assess the level of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and bisphenol A (BPA) in edible marine biota collected from coastal waters of Malaysia was conducted using GC-MS and SPE extraction. An analytical method was developed and validated to measure the level of 15 OCPs and BPA simultaneously from five selected marine species. It was observed that some samples had low levels of p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT and p,p'- DDD ranging from 0.50ngg(-1) to 22.49ngg(-1) dry weight (d.w) but significantly elevated level of endosulfan I was detected in a stingray sample at 2880ngg(-1) d.w. BPA was detected in 31 out of 57 samples with concentration ranging from below quantification level (LOQ: 3ngg(-1)) to 729ngg(-1) d.w. The presence of OCPs is m... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544572 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544571&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197312%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mamindy-Pajany Y, Geret F, Roméo M, Hurel C, Marmier N Abstract The aim of this work is to assess the potential ecotoxicological effects of contaminated sediments treated with mineral additives. The Microtox solid phase test was used to evaluate the effect of mineral additives on the toxicity of sediment suspensions. Four Mediterranean port sediments were studied after dredging and bioremediation: Sample A from navy harbor, sample B from commercial port and samples C and D from pleasure ports. Sediment samples were stabilized with three mineral additives: hematite, zero-valent iron and zeolite. Results show that all studied mineral additives can act as stabilizer agent in highly contaminated sediments (A and C) by decreasing dissolved metal concentrations and sediment tox... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544571 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544570&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197313%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Velicogna J, Ritchie E, Princz J, Lessard ME, Scroggins R Abstract Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is a cyclic volatile methyl siloxane (cVMS) commonly found in commercially available products. D5 is expected to enter the terrestrial environment through the deposit of biosolids from sewage treatment plants onto agricultural fields for nutrient enrichment. Little to no information currently exists as to the risks of D5 to the terrestrial environment. In order to evaluate the potential risk to terrestrial organisms, the toxicity of a D5 contaminated biosolid in an agricultural soil was assessed with a battery of standardized soil toxicity tests. D5 was spiked into a surrogate biosolid and then mixed with a sandy loam soil to create test concentrations ranging from 0 to 407... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544570 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544569&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197314%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Noort PC Abstract Abraham solvation equations find widespread use in environmental chemistry. Until now, the intercept in these equations was determined by fitting experimental data. To simplify the determination of the coefficients in Abraham solvation equations, this study derives theoretical expressions for the value of the intercept for various partition processes. To that end, a modification of the description of the Ben-Naim standard state into the van der Waals volume is proposed. Differences between predicted and fitted values of the Abraham solvation equation intercept for the enthalpy of solvation, the entropy of solvation, solvent-water partitioning, air-solvent partitioning, partitioning into micelles, partitioning into lipid membranes and lipids, and chrom... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544569 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544580&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22196086%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we test the hypothesis that non-microbial CH(4) formation also occurs in soils. All lyophilised soil samples investigated under aerobic conditions released CH(4) at temperatures ranging from 30 to 70°C exceeding that allowing normal enzymatic activity to proceed. No emissions were observed for single mineral soil components such as quartz sand, clay mineral and iron oxide. Methane release rates from the soils investigated were found to increase both with increasing temperature and higher organic carbon content. Addition of water to dried soils increased CH(4) release rates up to 8-fold those observed with the dried material. Our results suggest the existence of a chemical process in soils that produces CH(4) under aerobic conditions, a finding which has not been hitherto rep... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544580 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544579&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22196087%26dopt%3DAbstract This study used two biosolids treatments to examine the dissipation of four organic compounds: 4-nonylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol, bisphenol A and triclosan, under field conditions in South Australia. The pattern of dissipation was assessed to determine if a first-order or a biphasic model better described the data. The field dissipation data was compared to previously obtained laboratory degradation data. The concentrations of 4-nonylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol and bisphenol A decreased during the field study, whereas the concentration of triclosan showed no marked decrease. The time taken for 50% of the initial concentration of the compounds in the two biosolids to dissipate (DT50), based on a first-order model, was 257 and 248d for 4-nonylphenol, 231 and 75d for 4-t-octylphenol and 289 and 43d ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544579 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544578&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22196088%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yin J, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhou N, Gao F, Wu Y, Xiang J, Shao B Abstract Human breast milk samples collected from mothers (n=110) who lived in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, southwestern China in 2009 were analyzed to determine the concentrations of 13 musk compounds. Possible relationships between musk concentrations and some personal characteristics were also studied. Only five target analytes were detected in the milk samples analyzed, with median concentration values of 16.5, 11.5, 7.85, <1.5 and <1.4ngg(-1)lipid weight for AHTN (7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene), HHCB (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[γ]-2-benzopyran), HHCB-lactone (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[γ]-2-benzopyran-1-one), OTNE (... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544578 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544582&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22192793%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yan J, Tang H, Lin Z, Naveed Anjum M, Zhu L Abstract Ferrous hydroxide colloids were prepared and characterized as an activator of H(2)O(2) for decomposing organic pollutants, such as Rhodamine B, sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). As major reactive oxygen species, hydroxyl radicals were confirmed to be generated in the activation of H(2)O(2) by using fluorescent probe technique and electron spin resonance technique. The highly-dispersed colloidal nanoparticles with large specific surface area combined the merits of both homogeneous and heterogeneous activator, leading to fast degradation of organic contaminants. Almost complete decolorization of added RhB (0.02mM), along with a removal of 64.3% of total organic carbon, was achieved within only 1min by addi... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544582 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544581&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22192794%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dobor J, Varga M, Záray G Abstract The sorption process of selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac) on biofilm covered river sediments were investigated in laboratory. In the course of the experiments, the effect of pH of aqueous phase, the effect of TOC (total organic carbon) content of biofilm on the sorption processes were studied. The determination of concentration of drugs was performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) both in liquid and solid phases. The pseudo-first-order rate constant of the sorption was found to be 83min(-1). The effect of pH on the sorption of diclofenac was significantly lower than the obtained values in case of the other three drugs. The calculated K(d) (sorption coefficient) v... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544581 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544589&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22189374%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the short-term exposure to O(3) and PM(10) was associated with reducing FVC and FEV(1). CO and SO(2) exposure had a strong 1-d lag effect on FVC and FEV(1). PMID: 22189374 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemosphere) Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544589 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544588&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22189375%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yan XL, Lin LY, Liao XY, Zhang WB Abstract Panax notoginseng, a traditional rare Chinese medicinal herb, was recently found to bring health risk to consumers, mainly because soil in its major plantation area was contaminated by arsenic (As). We investigated the effect of soil As pollution on the growth and As uptake of pot-cultured P. notoginseng, and the associated mechanisms of As stressed response. Results showed that, comparing with P. notoginseng growing in a low-As soil, the root, stem, and leaf biomasses of those growing in a high-As soil significantly reduced by 0.75, 0.09 and 0.21gseedling(-1), respectively. Arsenic concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of the seedlings growing in high-As soil were 22, 15 and 3times higher than those growing in low-As soil, re... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544588 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544587&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22189376%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, when contaminant concentrations elicit both lethality and feeding depression, the integration of both responses can provide an ecologically relevant evaluation on the potency of a contaminant to immediately disrupt ecosystem functioning. PMID: 22189376 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemosphere) Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544587 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544586&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22189377%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Solorzano-Ochoa G, de la Rosa DA, Maiz-Larralde P, Gullett BK, Tabor DG, Touati A, Wyrzykowska-Ceradini B, Fiedler H, Abel T, Carroll WF Abstract Open burning for waste disposal is, in many countries, the dominant source of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls (PCDD/PCDF/PCB) release to the environment. To generate emission factors for open burning, experimental pile burns of about 100kg of household waste were conducted with emissions sampling. From these experiments and others conducted by the same authors it is found that less compaction of waste or active mixing during the fire - "stirring" - promotes better combustion (as evidenced by lower CO/CO(2) ratio) and reduces emissions of PCDD/PCDF/PCB; an intuitive but previously undemonstrated result.... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544586 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544585&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22189378%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mirkhani SA, Gharagheizi F, Sattari M Abstract Evaluation of diffusion coefficients of pure compounds in air is of great interest for many diverse industrial and air quality control applications. In this communication, a QSPR method is applied to predict the molecular diffusivity of chemical compounds in air at 298.15K and atmospheric pressure. Four thousand five hundred and seventy nine organic compounds from broad spectrum of chemical families have been investigated to propose a comprehensive and predictive model. The final model is derived by Genetic Function Approximation (GFA) and contains five descriptors. Using this dedicated model, we obtain satisfactory results quantified by the following statistical results: Squared Correlation Coefficient=0.9723, Standard Deviat... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544585 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544584&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22189379%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Valant J, Drobne D, Novak S Abstract The aim of this study was to find out whether ingested titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO(2)) cause cell membrane damage by direct contact or by lipid peroxidation. We assessed lipid peroxidation and digestive gland cell membrane stability of animals fed on food dosed with nano-TiO(2). Conventional toxicity measures were completed to determine if cellular effects are propagated to higher levels of biological complexity. An invertebrate model organism (Porcellio scaber, Isopoda, Crustacea) was fed with food containing nanosized TiO(2) and the result confirmed that at higher exposure concentrations after 3d exposure, nano-TiO(2) destabilized cell membranes but lipid peroxidation was not detected. Oxidative stress as evidenced by lip... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544584 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5544583&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22189380%26dopt%3DAbstract This study covered a series of emerging pollutants of different classes, including pharmaceuticals, neutral and acidic organophosphorus flame retardant/plasticizers (OPs), triclosan, phenoxy-herbicides, insect repellents and UV filters. From the total set of 53 compounds, 19 were found in raw wastewater with median concentrations higher than 0.1μgL(-1). Among them, salicylic acid, ibuprofen and the UV filter benzophenone-4 (BP-4) were the most concentrated, exceeding the 1μgL(-1) median value. Subsequently, 11 of these contaminants are not efficiently enough removed in the small WWTPs tested and their median concentrations in effluents still surpassed the 0.1μgL(-1), so that they can spread through surface water. These chemicals are the pharmaceuticals naproxen, diclofenac and atenolol;... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5544583 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5544583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5526884&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22185792%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Granelli L, Eriksson J, Bergman K Abstract Many chemicals in use today lack appropriate documentation on their environmental properties, fate, and effects. To counteract this lack of documentation it is vital to thoroughly investigate a compound's fate in the environment before it comes into use. The present study is describing a novel method for assessing the reduction potential of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as a part of a project aimed to create an experimental model for determination of chemical persistence. The reductive transformation of 15 PBDE congeners using sodium borohydride was determined. Pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants of the transformations were determined by monitoring the disappearance of the investigated congeners. The reductions le... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5526884 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5526884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525783&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22182705%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang Q, Huang HQ Abstract Methyl parathion (MP) is an extensively used organophosphorus pesticide, which has been associated with a wide spectrum of toxic effects on environmental organisms. The aim of this study is to investigate the alterations of membrane protein profiles in zebrafish liver (ZFL) cell line exposed to MP for 24h using proteomic approaches. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed a total of 13 protein spots, whose expression levels were significantly altered by MP. These differential proteins were subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, and nine proteins were identified to be membrane proteins, among which seven were up-regulated, while two were down-regulated. In addition, the mRNA ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525783 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525782&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22182706%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cha YJ, Lee J, Choi SS Abstract Although a number of manufactured nanoparticles are applied for the medical and clinical purposes, the understanding of interaction between nanomaterials and biological systems are still insufficient. Using nematode Caenorhabditis elegans model organism, we here investigated the in vivo toxicity or safety of hydroxylated fullerene nanoparticles known to detoxify anti-cancer drug-induced oxidative damages in mammals. The survival ratio of C. elegans rapidly decreased by the uptake of nanoparticles from their L4 larval stage with resulting in shortened lifespan (20d). Both reproduction rate and body size of C. elegans were also reduced after exposure to 100μgmL(-1) of fullerol. We found ectopic cell corpses caused by apoptotic cell death in t... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525782 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525781&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22182707%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun J, Hu J, Peng H, Shi J, Dong Z Abstract Increasing antibacterial resistance and pathogenicity in the environment is of growing concern due to its potential human risk. In the present study, 236 Escherichia coli isolates were collected from Wenyu River in China on drugless (48 isolates) and quinolone-containing plates (189 isolates). Their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined ranging from 0.125μgmL(-1) to 128μgmL(-1). Mutation points related to fluoroquinolone resistance were observed at S83 to L and D87 to N or Y in the GyrA subunit and S80 to R or I and E84 to G in the ParC subunit. Generally, MICs of LEV and GAT are dependent on the patterns of these mutation points. The profile with three mutation points was related to LEV-resistant E. coli iso... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525781 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507009&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=34409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26db%3Dpubmed%26term%3D%28%28%28%2522Chemosphere%2522%29%2520AND%2520%25222011%252F12%252F04%252020.36%2522%255BMHDA%255D%253A%25222011%252F12%252F16%252010.42%2522%255BMHDA%255D%29%29%2520NOT%2520%28%28%2520%28%28%2522Chemosphere%2522%255BTIAB%255D%29%29%2520AND%2520%25220001%2522%255BEDAT%255D%253A%25222011%252F12%252F04%252020.36%2522%255BEDAT%255D%29%29 132 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: "Chemosphere" These pubmed results were generated on 2011/12/16PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Chemosphere) Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507009 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 15:42:02 +0100 5507009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525785&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178376%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rubio MA, Lissi E, Herrera N, Pérez V, Fuentes N Abstract Phenol, nitrophenols and dinitrophenols were measured in air and dews in downtown Santiago de Chile. In both systems, phenol, 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) were the compounds found in higher concentrations and with major frequency. Temporal profiles in air were compatible with a significant direct incorporation from mobile sources. The data can be explained in terms of a faster removal of 2-NP than 4-NP, with the former predominating in fresh air masses and 4-NP in more aged samples. All these compounds, as well as dinitrophenols, were found in dew waters. Simultaneous measurements in air and dew indicate that phenol present in dew exceeds that expected in equilibrated samples, while the opposite o... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525785 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525784&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178377%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Klobučar GI, Malev O, Srut M, Stambuk A, Lorenzon S, Cvetković Z, Ferrero EA, Maguire I Abstract Genotoxicity of freshwater pollution was assessed by measuring DNA damage in haemocytes of caged freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus by the means of Comet assay and micronucleus test, integrated with the measurements of physiological (total protein concentration) and immunological (total haemocyte count) haemolymph parameters as biomarkers of undergone stress. Crayfish were collected at the reference site (River Mrežnica) and exposed in cages for 1week at three polluted sites along the Sava River (Zagreb, Sisak, Krapje). The long term pollution status of these locations was confirmed by chemical analyses of sediments. Statistically significant increase in DNA damage me... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525784 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525787&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22176786%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheyns K, Martin-Laurent F, Bru D, Aamand J, Vanhaecke L, Diels J, Merckx R, Smolders E, Springael D Abstract The dynamics of the atrazine mineralization potential in agricultural soil was studied in two soil layers (topsoil and at 35-45cm depth) in a 3years field trial to examine the long term response of atrazine mineralizing soil populations to atrazine application and intermittent periods without atrazine and the effect of manure treatment on those processes. In topsoil samples, (14)C-atrazine mineralization lag times decreased after atrazine application and increased with increasing time after atrazine application, suggesting that atrazine application resulted into the proliferation of atrazine mineralizing microbial populations which decayed when atrazine application... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525787 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525786&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22177937%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yan H, Wang J, Chen J, Wei W, Wang H, Wang H Abstract Enzymes encoded by genes biodegrading microcystins (MCs) can help reveal the function of genes and biodegradation pathway of MCs. Here the first and important gene (USTB-05-A, 1,008bp) involved in biodegradation of microcystin-RR (MC-RR) was cloned from Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 and firstly expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) with an expression vector of pGEX4T-1 successfully. The nucleotide sequences of cloned USTB-05-A possessed 92.5% homology to that of mlA reported in Sphingomonas sp. strain ACM-3962. The deduced amino acid sequences containing the cleavage sites of 26th (alanine) and 27th (leucine) showed 83% identical to that of MlrA. The cell-free extract (CE) of recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) containing USTB... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525786 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525789&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22172634%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Song C, Chen P, Wang C, Zhu L Abstract Degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is of great importance due to its global distribution, persistence and toxicity to bioorganisms. In present study, a composite TiO(2) with multiple wall carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) was synthesized using sol-gel method and it was used as photocatalyst to degrade PFOA in water. The prepared composite catalyst displayed significant absorption in UV to visible light region. The loading content of TiO(2) on MWCNTs could be adjusted by changing the ratio of precursor to MWCNTs. Due to the combined effect of the adsorption ability and e(-) transport capacity of MWCNT, the composites displayed much higher photocatalytic ability to PFOA as compared to pure TiO(2) under UV irradiation. The photocataly... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525789 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525788&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22172635%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aims to evaluate the potential of low grade MgO (LGMgO) for the stabilisation/solidification (S/S) of heavy metals in steel electric arc furnace wastes. Relevant characteristics such as setting time, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and leaching behaviour assessed by acid neutralisation capacity (ANC), monolithic and granular leaching tests were examined in light of the UK landfill Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) for disposal. The results demonstrated that all studied mix designs with Portland cement type 1 (CEM1) and LGMgO, CEM1-LGMgO 1:2 and 1:4 at 40% and 70% waste addition met the WAC requirements by means of UCS, initial and final setting times and consistence. Most of the ANC results met the WAC limits where the threshold pH values without acid additions were stable a... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525788 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525797&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169206%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fajardo C, Ortíz LT, Rodríguez-Membibre ML, Nande M, Lobo MC, Martin M Abstract In this work, nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) particles have been used as an immobilisation strategy to reduce Pb and Zn availability and mobility in polluted soils. The application of NZVI to two soil microcosms (MPb and MZn) at a dose of 34mgg(-1) soil efficiently immobilised Pb (25%) and zinc (20%). Exposure to NZVI had little impact on the microbial cellular viability and biological activity in the soils. Three bacterial genes (narG, nirS and gyrA) were used as treatment-related biomarkers. These biomarkers ruled out a broad bactericidal effect on the bulk soil microbial community. A transcriptome analysis of the genes did not reveal any changes in their expression ratios after the NZVI... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525797 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525796&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169207%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schnitzler JG, Klaren PH, Bouquegneau JM, Das K Abstract Thyroid functional status of wild fish in relation with the contamination of their environment deserves further investigation. We here applied a multi-level approach of thyroid function assessment in 87 wild sea bass collected near several estuaries: namely the Scheldt, the Seine, the Loire, the Charente and the Gironde. Thyroxine (T(4)) and triiodothyronine (T(3)) concentrations in muscle were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. The activity of hepatic enzymes involved in extrathyroidal pathways of thyroid hormone metabolism, viz. deiodination, glucuronidation and sulfatation were analyzed. Last, follicle diameter and epithelial cell heights were measured. We observed changes that are predicted to lead to an increased con... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525796 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525795&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169208%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guéguen F, Stille P, Lahd Geagea M, Boutin R Abstract Tree bark has been shown to be a useful biomonitor of past air quality because it accumulates atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in its outermost structure. Trace element concentrations of tree bark of more than 73 trees allow to elucidate the impact of past atmospheric pollution on the urban environment of the cities of Strasbourg and Kehl in the Rhine Valley. Compared to the upper continental crust (UCC) tree barks are strongly enriched in Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb. To assess the degree of pollution of the different sites in the cities, a geoaccumulation index I(geo) was applied. Global pollution by V, Ni, Cr, Sb, Sn and Pb was observed in barks sampled close to traffic axes. Cr, Mo, Cd pollution principally occurre... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525795 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525794&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169209%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Colabuono FI, Taniguchi S, Montone RC Abstract Albatrosses and petrels (Procellariiformes) are migratory oceanic birds of considerable conservational interest. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were assessed in the subcutaneous fat, liver and muscle of 100 birds belonging to eight species of Procellariiformes collected during their migration period in southern Brazil, one of the most important feeding areas for these species. Although the profiles of PCBs and OCPs were similar among the individuals, with predominance of penta, hexa and heptachlorobiphenyls and p'p-DDE, organochlorine concentrations exhibited a high degree of intra-species variability. The influence of body condition during the migration period in the distribution of orga... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525794 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525798&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155209%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigates the dissolution, sorption, leachability, and plant uptake of tungsten and alloying metals from canister round munitions in the presence of model, well characterized soils. The source of tungsten was canister round munitions, composed mainly of tungsten (95%) with iron and nickel making up the remaining fraction. Three soils were chosen for the lysimeter studies while four model soils were selected for the adsorption studies. Lysimeter soils were representatives of the typical range of soils across the continental USA; muck-peat, clay-loamy and sandy-quartzose soil. Adsorption equilibrium data on the four model soils were modeled with Langmuir and linear isotherms and the model parameters were obtained. The adsorption affinity of soils for tungsten follows the order:... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525798 Sat, 10 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525801&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154339%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Verhaegen Y, Monteyne E, Neudecker T, Tulp I, Smagghe G, Cooreman K, Roose P, Parmentier K Abstract The organotin (OT) compounds tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) are potent biocides that have been used ubiquitously in antifouling paints and pesticides since the mid-1970s. These biocides are extremely toxic to marine life, particularly marine gastropod populations. The European Union therefore took measures to reduce the use of TBT-based antifouling paints on ships and ultimately banned these paints in 2003. Despite sufficient data on OT concentrations in marine gastropods, data are scarce for other species such as the North Sea brown shrimp (Crangon crangon), a dominant crustacean species in North Sea inshore benthic communities. The present study provides the fir... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525801 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525800&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154340%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Choi J, Batchelor B, Won C, Chung J Abstract A kinetic study of nitrate reduction by green rust (GR), a group of layered Fe(II)-Fe(III) hydroxide solids, was performed using a batch reactor system. The reduction rate of nitrate by GRs was affected by the anion content in the interlayer of GRs. GR containing F(-) (GR-F) showed the fastest reduction rate while GR-SO(4) showed 9 times slower reaction rate than GR-F. The addition of 1mM Pt or Cu to GR that contained 85mM Fe(II) improved the reduction kinetics of nitrate by up to 200 times. Pt was an effective activating agent for all GRs. The sequential step reaction model that we proposed appropriately simulated the experimental data. The fastest nitrate reduction by GR-F with Pt was achieved at pH 9 among 7.5 to 11. At that ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525800 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525799&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154341%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines the liquid and vapor (headspace) composition of four contemporary and commercially available fuels: gasoline (<10% ethanol), E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline), ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD), and B20 (20% soy-biodiesel and 80% ULSD). The composition of gasoline and E85 in both neat fuel and headspace vapor was dominated by aromatics and n-heptane. Despite its low gasoline content, E85 vapor contained higher concentrations of several VOCs than those in gasoline vapor, likely due to adjustments in its formulation. Temperature changes produced greater changes in the partial pressures of 17 VOCs in E85 than in gasoline, and large shifts in the VOC composition. B20 and ULSD were dominated by C(9) to C(16)n-alkanes and low levels of the aromatics, and the two fuels had si... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525799 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525793&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169710%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Laurent F, Cébron A, Schwartz C, Leyval C Abstract A batch experiment was conducted to assess the impact of chemical oxidation using modified Fenton reaction on PAH content and on physico-chemical and biological parameters of an industrial PAH contaminated soil in unsaturated condition. Two levels of oxidant (H(2)O(2), 6 and 65gkg(-1)) and FeSO(4) were applied. Agronomic parameters, bacterial and fungal density, microbial activity, seed germination and ryegrass growth were assessed. Partial removal of PAHs (14% and 22%) was obtained with the addition of oxidant. The impact of chemical oxidation on PAH removal and soil physico-chemical and biological parameters differed depending on the level of reagent. The treatment with the highest concentration of oxidant decreased soi... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525793 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525790&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169713%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sagar S, Dwivedi A, Yadav S, Tripathi M, Kaistha SD Abstract Cr(VI), a mutagenic and carcinogenic pollutant in industrial effluents, was effectively reduced by an indigenous tannery effluent isolate Staphylococcus arlettae strain Cr11 under aerobic conditions. The isolate could tolerate Cr(VI) up to 2000 and 5000mgL(-1) in liquid and solid media respectively. S. arlettae Cr11 effectively reduced 98% of 100mgL(-1) Cr(VI) in 24h. Reduction for initial Cr(VI) concentrations of 500 and 1000mgL(-1) was 98% and 75%, respectively in 120h. The isolate was also positive for siderophore, indole acetic acid, ammonia and catalase production, phosphate solubilization and biofilm formation in the presence and absence of Cr(VI). The isolate showed halotolerance (10% NaCl) and cross toler... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525790 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525833&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154001%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Almeida JR, Gravato C, Guilhermino L Abstract The acute toxicity (96h) of pyrene (PY) to European seabass (Dicentrachus labrax) juveniles assessed in a semi-static bioassay (SSB) with medium renewal at each 12h, and in a static bioassay (SB) without medium renewal was compared in laboratorial conditions (water PY concentrations: 0.07-10mgL(-1)). Main findings in the SSB that assessed mainly the toxicity of PY and its metabolites were: increased levels of bile PY metabolites in good agreement with the profile of lipid peroxidation levels (LPO) in exposed fish relating PY exposure and oxidative damage; increased levels of PY-type compounds in the brain indicating their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier; increased levels of these substances in liver and muscle which ar... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525833 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525830&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154004%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eberhardt TL, Lebow S, Reed KG Abstract A cellulose solvent system based on lithium chloride (LiCl) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) was used to assess the merits of partial dissolutions of coarsely ground wood samples. Alkaline Copper Quaternary (ACQ)-treated pine wood was of particular interest for treatment given the potential to generate a copper-rich stream apart from solid and/or liquid lignocellulosic feedstocks. Treatment with NMP alone gave yields of soluble materials that were higher than typical extractives contents thereby suggesting a limited degree of wood dissolution. Inclusion of LiCl, which disrupts hydrogen bonding, gave lower wood residue recoveries (i.e., higher dissolution) with higher LiCl concentration. Lower wood residue recoveries coincided with l... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525830 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525792&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169711%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wen Y, Su LM, Qin WC, Fu L, He J, Zhao YH Abstract The hydrophobic parameter represented by the octanol/water partition coefficient (logP) is commonly used to predict the soil sorption coefficient (K(oc)). However, a simple non-linear relationship between logK(oc) and logP has not been reported in the literature. In the present paper, soil sorption data for 701 compounds was investigated. The results show that logK(oc) is linearly related to logP for compounds with logP in the range of 0.5-7.5 and non-linearly related to logP for the compounds in a wide range of logP. A non-linear model has been developed between logK(oc) and logP for a wide range of compounds in the training set. This model was validated in terms of average error (AE), average absolute error (AAE) and roo... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525792 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525791&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169712%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang L, Lu D, Diao J, Zhou Z Abstract Enantioselectivity in ecotoxicity and biodegradation of chiral pesticide benalaxyl to freshwater algae Scenedesmus obliquus was studied. The 96h-EC(50) values of rac-, R-(-)-, S-(+)-benalaxyl were 2.893, 3.867, and 8.441mgL(-1), respectively. Therefore, the acute toxicities of benalaxyl enantiomers were enantioselective. In addition, the pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, antioxidant enzyme activities catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined to evaluate the different toxic effects. Chlorophyll a was induced by S-(+)-benalaxyl but inhibited by R-(-)-benalaxyl at 1mgL(-1). Chlorophyll b were both induced at 1mgL(-1), but S-(+)-form was fourfold higher than R-(-)... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525791 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525835&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22153999%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to enroll persons living in areas selected by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to have high mercury concentrations and who consume at least 6oz of locally caught fish per week to determine the feasibility of monitoring future trends among a population identified as highly exposed. Blood samples were collected at time of interview and analyzed for mercury. Participants (n=287) were enrolled from North Carolina, Maryland, and South Dakota. Participants reported eating an average of five servings of fish per week. The overall geometric mean for total mercury was 0.75μgL(-1), with North Carolina having the highest mean level (2.02μgL(-1)). Overall, 42% of the study population had levels greater than the US geometric mean 0.83μgL(-1). The number of se... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525835 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525835 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525834&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154000%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zuykov M, Pelletier E, Saint-Louis R, Checa A, Demers S Abstract External shell surface (ESS) of bivalve mollusks is known to adsorb various metals dissolved in ambient water in high concentration. It is hypothesized here that the surface microtopography of the thin organic coating layer, periostracum, or calcareous shell (if periostracum was destroyed) plays a major role in the adsorption of actinides on ESS. Thorium (natural alpha-emitter) was used in short-term biosorption experiment with shell fragments of five bivalve mollusks. After a 72h exposure to Th (∼6kBqL(-1)), thorium concentration was measured on ESS using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; the distribution and density of alpha tracks were subsequently visualized by α-track autora... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525834 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525832&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154002%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stalder E, Blanc A, Haldimann M, Dudler V Abstract The results of a nationwide survey of uranium in Swiss drinking water are reported. Elevated concentrations of uranium in groundwater are found mainly in the alpine regions and can be traced back to the geology of the bedrock. Water sources were systematically surveyed and analysed for the presence of Li, B, Si, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb and U and the results were analysed to determine if any correlation with uranium concentration was apparent. No correlation was found. The results are interpreted in relation to the current WHO guideline and those of other countries with a view to determining which areas would be affected if a maximum value were to be adopted and which areas requ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525832 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525832 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525831&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154003%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Teixeira T, Rosa JS, Rainha N, Baptista J, Rodrigues A Abstract The molluscicidal activity of essential oils from two endemic (Juniperusbrevifolia; Laurus azorica) and three introduced (Hedychium gardnerianum; Pittosporum undulatum; Psidium cattleianum) Azorean plants against the snail Radix peregra was studied under laboratory conditions. Essential oils from leaves of H. gardnerianum, L. azorica and J.brevifolia presented promising molluscicidal activity on both adults and juveniles stages of R. peregra. The molluscicidal activity of these essential oils was found to be both time and concentration dependent. Lethal concentrations (LC(50)) varied between 15.4 (L. azorica) and 44.6ppm (H. gardnerianum) for juveniles and from 45.3 (H. gardnerianum) to 54.6ppm (J. brevifolia)... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525831 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525824&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154155%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lin W, Xiao T, Wu Y, Ao Z, Ning Z Abstract A field survey was conducted to identify potential Zn accumulators from an artisanal Zn smelting area in southwest China's Guizhou Province. Hydroponic and soil culture experiments were performed to investigate the accumulation ability of Zn in Corydalis davidii. Zn concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of C. davidii in the smelting site were 1.1-3.5, 1.2-11.2, and 3.3-14mgg(-)(1), respectively, whereas Zn concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of C. davidii in the contaminated site impacted by the Zn smelting were 1.0-2.4, 1.9-6.5, and 3.0-1.1mgg(-1), respectively. Zn concentrations in leaves and stems of C. davidii were observed at above 10mgg(-1) that refers to the threshold of Zn hyperaccumulator. The concentration dist... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525824 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525820&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154156%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gilroy EA, Balakrishnan VK, Solomon KR, Sverko E, Sibley PK Abstract The behaviour and effects of atorvastatin (ATO), carbamazepine (CBZ), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were investigated in spiked lake sediments, at concentrations up to 56.5mgkg(-1)dry weight (dw), with the benthic invertebrates Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca. Desorption constants were calculated in the presence and absence of animals, using linear isotherms, yielding K(d) values of 28.2, 189.0 and 125.1Lkg(-1) (ATO), 73.7, 201.7 and 263.2Lkg(-1) (CBZ), and 114.9, 114.2 and 519.2Lkg(-1) (EE2) for C. dilutus, H. azteca, and without animals, respectively. For ATO and CBZ, K(d) values were smaller in the presence of C. dilutus, indicating greater desorption to the overlying water from bioturbation, ... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525820 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525816&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154157%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guéguen F, Stille P, Lahd Geagea M, Perrone T, Chabaux F Abstract The harmful effect of manmade particles on natural processes and human health is documented by a large number of studies showing a positive correlation between particulate matter (PM) concentration and health effects. Diminution of this health risk necessitates among others the precise knowledge of the particle sources, their physical and chemical properties and their dissemination in the environment. Pb isotope ratios have been successfully used during the past decades as tracers of anthropogenic Pb disseminated in the biosphere. Here we show that tree bark biomonitoring with lead (Pb), strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotope ratios as tracers allow a thorough analysis of the impacts of industrial and ot... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525816 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525812&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154158%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gao L, Shi Y, Li W, Niu H, Liu J, Cai Y Abstract The occurrence, removal efficiency and seasonal variation of 22 antibiotics, including eight fluoroquinolones, nine sulfonamides and five macrolides, were investigated in eight sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Beijing, China. A total of 14 antibiotics were detected in wastewater samples, with the maximum concentration being 3.1μgL(-1) in the influent samples and 1.2μgL(-1) in the effluent samples. The most frequently detected antibiotics were ofloxacin, norfloxacin, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin and roxithromycin; of these, the concentration of ofloxacin was the highest in most of the influent and effluent samples. Eighteen antibiotics were detected in the sludge samples, with concentrations ranging from 1.... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525812 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5525808&cid=s_35398_59_f&fid=35398&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154159%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Adolfsson-Erici M, Akerman G, Jahnke A, Mayer P, McLachlan MS Abstract A continuous supply of water with defined stable concentrations of hydrophobic chemicals is a requirement in a range of laboratory tests such as the OECD 305 protocol for determining the bioconcentration factor in fish. Satisfying this requirement continues to be a challenge, particularly for hydrophobic chemicals. Here we present a novel solution based on equilibrium passive dosing. It employs a commercially available unit consisting of ∼16000 polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) tubes connected to two manifolds. The chemicals are loaded into the unit by repeatedly perfusing it with a methanol solution of the substances that is progressively diluted with water. Thereafter the unit is perfused with water and t... Chemosphere journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5525808 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5525808