MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Child Psychiatry and Human Development' source. Fri, 10 Feb 2012 02:00:52 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5658919&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22297580%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the associations between unresolved/disorganized attachment, cognitive functioning, and dissociative symptomatology in a sample of 60 adolescents with a history of maltreatment. A model with cognitive efficiency as a mediator variable was tested using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, with a bootstrapping procedure to examine indirect effects. Results provided support for the association between unresolved attachment, cognitive efficiency (but not verbal or thinking ability), and dissociation. Working memory was a strong mediator of the link between attachment and dissociation. These results highlight the importance of assessing attachment status and cognitive functioning in the context of clinical work with maltreated youth. In addition, it is proposed tha... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5658919 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5658919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5658920&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22290274%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beyer T, Postert C, Müller JM, Furniss T Abstract In a four-year longitudinal study, changes in and continuity of behavioral and emotional problems were examined in 814 subjects from kindergarten to primary school. Mental health problems were assessed by means of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The distribution of the CBCL broadband groups revealed a high level of continuity of internalizing symptoms over the four-year period and a shift from externalizing symptoms at baseline towards a combination of internalizing and externalizing symptoms at follow-up. The presence of mental health problems at follow-up was correlated with gender (higher amongst boys), pre-existing mental health problems at baseline, and separation or divorce of the parents, but not with single-fa... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5658920 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5658920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5658921&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22271225%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Althoff RR, Ayer LA, Crehan ET, Rettew DC, Baer JR, Hudziak JJ Abstract It is crucial to characterize self-regulation in children. We compared the temperamental profiles of children with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP) to profiles associated with other CBCL-derived syndromes. 382 children (204 boys; aged 5-18) from a large family study were examined. Temperamental profiles were based on the Juvenile Temperament and Character Inventory. Children with the CBCL-DP had a temperamental profile characterized by high Novelty Seeking, high Harm Avoidance, low Reward Dependence and low Persistence. Linear mixed models and regression-based models demonstrated that the CBCL-DP was associated with a "disengaged" temperamental profile. This profile i... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5658921 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5658921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5621216&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22249362%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oner O, Oner P, Cop E, Munir KM Abstract Consecutively referred subjects (N = 537) to an outpatient clinic were evaluated to compare the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Combined (ADHD-C) and predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI) subtypes using parent and teacher ratings and neuropsychological variables. Statistical significance was at P < 0.002 adjusted for multiple comparisons. ADHD-PI subjects were older, more likely to be female, higher socioeconomic status, had lower Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher Report Form Aggression, Delinquency and Social Problems scores, and higher Withdrawal and Competence scores, compared to ADHD-C subjects. Comorbid conduct problems were more common among ADHD-C subjects. There were no differences in terms of anxiety/depres... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5621216 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5621216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578119&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22228549%26dopt%3DAbstract This study assessed whether groups of children can be identified by their course of co-occurring oppositional and depressive symptoms in childhood using group based trajectory modeling. Participants were a cohort of 932 4 or 5 year old offspring of women participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Youth whose symptom trajectories were modeled across ages 4-13 years. Three co-occurring trajectory groups were found: oppositional symptoms only (23%), oppositional symptoms preceding increasing depressive symptoms over time (16%) and absence of any symptoms (61%). Of all children who developed depressive symptoms, all had moderate or high levels of pre-existing oppositional symptoms. Oppositional symptoms typically precede, or co-occur with depressive symptoms in childhood. PMID: ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578119 Sun, 08 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578121&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222487%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Geng Y, Xia D, Qin B Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Basic Empathy Scale (BES). The Chinese version of BES was administered to a sample (n = 1,524) aged 9-18 and 65 males with conduct disorder aged 13-18. The result of confirmatory factor analysis showed a two-factor structure with four items deleted to be the most adequate model (cognitive empathy, affective empathy). Empathy was positively correlated with a measure of prosocial behaviour and a measure of emotional problems. Boys with conduct disorder scored significantly lower than matched participants on cognitive empathy. Moreover, in line with previous researches, girls were found to score significantly higher on empathy than boys and the ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578121 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578120&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222488%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gagnon-Oosterwaal N, Cossette L, Smolla N, Pomerleau A, Malcuit G, Chicoine JF, Jéliu G, Belhumeur C, Berthiaume C Abstract To further investigate the long-term impact of pre-adoption adversity on international adoptees, externalizing and internalizing symptoms were assessed using a self-report measure at school-age in addition to mothers' reports. The sample consisted of 95 adopted children and their mothers. Children's health and developmental status were assessed soon after arrival in their adoptive family. At age 7, the Dominic Interactive, a self-report measure, was used to evaluate externalizing and internalizing symptoms while mothers completed the CBCL. Children's self-reports were compared to their non-adopted peers'. Adopted children reported more symptoms of sp... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578120 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549736&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22198642%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chan SM Abstract The present study used a cross-sectional survey design to examine how adolescent depressive mood was related to attributional styles and coping strategies with a sample of 326 youths (aged 8-14 years). With the cutting point adopted in the West, 20.9% of the current sample reported depressive symptoms. Regression analysis results show that, with the asymptomatic group, seeking social support strategy mediated the effects of positive-global and positive-stable attribution, and internalization strategy mediated the effects of negative-global attribution on depression mood. In the dysphoric adolescents, attributing positive events to global factors and seeking social support strategy predicted depressive mood in the negative direction whereas attributing neg... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549736 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5549736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513214&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22160270%26dopt%3DAbstract This article provides an ecological framework for understanding adolescent-initiated parent abuse. We review research on adolescent-initiated parent abuse, identifying sociodemographic characteristics of perpetrators and victims (e.g., gender, age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status [SES]). Bronfenbrenner's [1] ecological systems theory is applied, which examines the risk and protective factors for adolescent-initiated parent abuse within micro- (maltreatment, domestic violence, parenting behavior and disciplinary strategies), meso- (peer influence), exo- (media influence), macro- (gender role socialization), and chronosystem (change in family structure) levels. Findings from our review suggest that older and White children are significantly more likely to abuse their parents. Female... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513214 Sat, 10 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513213&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22160271%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined associations among several measures of emotion regulation, and their links to depressive symptoms, in a sample of children ages 10-12 years old (N = 87). Both temporal features of emotion regulation and regulation processes involved in the evaluation, monitoring, and modification of emotion were assessed through parent and child report and behavioral observation. Children also completed a self-report measure of depressive symptoms. Children with more depressive symptoms were reported by mothers and rated by observers as having higher levels of negative affect intensity. Regarding emotion regulation processes, children with more depressive symptoms reported more biased interpretations of emotionally charged situations, less awareness of their emotions, and their mothe... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513213 Sat, 10 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513216&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22120422%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Edidin JP, Ganim Z, Hunter SJ, Karnik NS Abstract Youth homelessness is a growing concern in the United States. Despite difficulties studying this population due to inconsistent definitions of what it means to be a youth and homeless, the current body of research indicates that abuse, family breakdown, and disruptive family relationships are common contributing factors to youth homelessness. Moreover, the experience of homelessness appears to have numerous adverse implications and to affect neurocognitive development and academics, as well as mental and physical health. Substance use, sexually transmitted infections, and psychiatric disorders are particularly prevalent in this population. Whereas some of these problems may be short-lived, the chronic stress and deprivation... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513216 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513215&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22120423%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vera J, Granero R, Ezpeleta L Abstract The aim was to examine the potential mediating role of father's and mother's parenting styles in the association between parental psychopathology and antisocial behavior in children, and whether this pathway was moderated by child's sex. Participants included both parents and 338 Spanish outpatient children between 8 and 17 years (56.5% boys). Parenting style had a mediating effect on the studied relationships. Maternal psychopathology was positively associated with antisocial behavior in children, either directly or partially by parenting style, while paternal psychopathology was positively associated with offspring antisocial behavior only through the mediator role of parenting style. Child's sex did not moderate these relationship... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513215 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419586&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22090186%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the relationship among maternal and child EE, child OCD severity, and OCD-related functioning pre- and post-treatment. At pre-treatment, mothers completed speech samples about the child with OCD and an unaffected sibling. Children with OCD completed speech samples about parents. There were low rates of high maternal EE (child with OCD: 16.1%; sibling: 2.6%) and high child EE about parents (mothers: 11.9%; fathers: 10.2%). High EE was primarily characterized by high criticism, not high overinvolvement. High maternal EE and child EE regarding fathers were associated with pre-treatment child OCD severity but not post-treatment severity. High child and maternal EE were predictive of post-treatment OCD-related functioning. EE may be an important child and maternal trait asso... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419586 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5419586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419587&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22086155%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Orgilés M, Méndez X, Spence SH, Huedo-Medina TB, Espada JP Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) in a sample of 1,708 Spanish children aged between 8 and 12 years. The SCAS was demonstrated to have satisfactory internal consistency with the Spanish sample, and factor analysis confirmed the six-factor original model. Convergent validity was supported by correlations with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children and the welfare dimension of the Child Health and Illness Profile-Children Edition. Low correlations between the SCAS and the Children's Depression Inventory supported the divergent validity. Analysis suggested that anxiety scores decrease with a... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419587 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5419587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419588&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22080387%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we explored informant characteristics as determinants of parent-teacher disagreement on preschoolers' psychosocial problems. Teacher characteristics were included in the analyses, in addition to child and parent factors. Psychosocial problems of 732 4-year olds from a Norwegian community sample were assessed by parents and teachers (CBCL-TRF). Furthermore, teachers reported on their education, experience and relationship to the child. Parental stress and psychopathology were also measured. Teachers rated children considerably lower than their parents did, especially on internalizing problems. When teachers rated more child problems, this was strongly associated with conflict in the teacher-child relationship, which predicted disagreement more than other factors. The highest ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419588 Sun, 13 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5419588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419590&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22080366%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gudiño OG, Nadeem E, Kataoka SH, Lau AS Abstract Urban Latino youth are exposed to high rates of violence, which increases risk for diverse forms of psychopathology. The current study aims to increase specificity in predicting responses by testing the hypothesis that youths' reinforcement sensitivity-behavioral inhibition (BIS) and behavioral approach (BAS)-is associated with specific clinical outcomes and increases risk for the development of such problems following exposure to violence. Utilizing a short-term longitudinal design, Latino youth (N = 168) provided reports of BIS/BAS and emotional/behavioral problems at Time 1, exposure to violence between Time 1 and Time 2, and clinical symptoms at Time 2. Results suggested that reinforcement sensitivity moderated the re... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419590 Sat, 12 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5419590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419589&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22080367%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ayub M, Poongan I, Masood K, Gul H, Ali M, Farrukh A, Shaheen A, Chaudhry HR, Naeem F Abstract A severe earthquake occurred in Kashmir in 2005. The epicentre was close to Muzzafarabad. We collected data on over 1,100 children 18 months after the earthquake to look at symptoms of PTSD and behavioural and emotional problems using well established questionnaires. We found that 64.8% of children had significant symptoms of PTSD. Girls were more likely to suffer from these symptoms. The proportion of children suffering from emotional and behaviour difficulties was 34.6%. This percentage was not different from other studies of children from Pakistan within areas which were not affected by the earthquake. The rate of emotional symptoms was higher in girls while hyperactivity was... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419589 Sat, 12 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5419589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419591&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22076662%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pace U, Cacioppo M, Schimmenti A Abstract The present study examined the association between quality of attachment, perception of the father's bond, and binge eating symptoms in a sample of female late adolescents. In total, 233 female students aged between 18 and 20 years completed measures on binge eating, quality of attachment and parent-child relationship. Data showed that respondents with binge symptoms reported lower scores on secure attachment and father's care, and higher scores on preoccupied and fearful attachment. Binge eating symptoms were associated with father's care, but not with father's overprotection. Also, binge symptoms were negatively associated with secure attachment styles, and positively with preoccupied and fearful attachment. The data, finally, p... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419591 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5419591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379605&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22038319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sciberras E, Ohan J, Anderson V Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that adolescent girls with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are more socially impaired compared with their peers; however, research has yet to elucidate the nature of this impairment. We investigated overt (e.g., physical, such as hitting or kicking or verbal, such as teasing and taunting) and relational (e.g., social manipulation, such as social exclusion) bullying and victimisation in adolescent girls with and without ADHD. Adolescent girls (mean age = 15.11) with (n = 22) and without (n = 20) ADHD and their primary caregivers completed measures of overt/relational bullying and victimisation and social impairment. Adolescent girls with ADHD experienced more social problems and more r... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379605 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379608&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22020989%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the relationship between parental separation and aggressive and internalizing behavior in a large sample of Swiss children drawn from the ongoing Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youths. Parents retrospectively reported life events and problem behavior for the first 7 years of the child's life on a quarterly basis (N = 995; 28,096 time points) using an Event History Calendar. The time sequences of separation and child problem behavior were analyzed. Parental separation affected both aggressive and internalizing behavior even when maternal depression, financial difficulties, and parental conflict were included. Parental separation exerted a direct effect on child problem behavior as well as an indirect effect via maternal depression. PM... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379608 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379607&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22020990%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rathert J, Fite PJ, Gaertner AE, Vitulano M PMID: 22020990 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development) Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379607 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379606&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22020991%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beaver KM, Nedelec JL, Rowland MW, Schwartz JA Abstract A great deal of research has examined the etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD symptomatologies. Genetic factors are consistently shown to explain a significant proportion of variance in measures of ADHD. The current study adds to this body of research by examining whether genetic liabilities for criminality and alcoholism have effects on the development of ADHD symptomatologies. Analyses based on a sample of adoptees drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) revealed that ADHD symptomatologies were elevated among adoptees who had biological mothers and fathers who had been arrested or who were alcoholics. These results suggest that part of the covaria... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379606 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379610&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22011810%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kersten-Alvarez LE, Hosman CM, Riksen-Walraven JM, van Doesum KT, Smeekens S, Hoefnagels C Abstract Previous studies of the long-term effects of maternal postpartum depression (PPD) on child development have mostly focused on a limited set of outcomes, and have often not controlled for risk factors associated with maternal depression. The present study compared children of postpartum depressed mothers (n = 29) with children from a community sample (n = 113) in terms of a broad range of developmental outcomes in the early school period. Controlling for risk factors associated with maternal depression, we found that children of postpartum depressed mothers had lower ego-resiliency, lower peer social competence, and lower school adjustment than the community sample childr... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379610 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379609&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22011811%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carmody DP, Lewis M Abstract In order to examine the roles of mental age, social interaction, and communication in self-representation abilities, typically-developing children were compared with children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Typically-developing children (TD, n = 66) and children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD, n = 20), including subgroups of autistic disorder and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, were assessed on self-representation ability, which was measured by mirror recognition, other-directed pretend play, and use of personal pronouns. More TD children (100%) showed mirror recognition than ASD children (55%). TD children were more likely to show other-directed pretense (80%) than the ASD group (35%). Personal pronouns were ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379609 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5326534&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22002803%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the factorial structure of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) in the Greek population. Using confirmatory factor analysis different proposed models of the basic dimensions of PBI were evaluated. The results indicated that Kendler's three-factor (i.e. care, protectiveness and authoritarianism) solution was found to be more satisfactory than the other competing two-, three- and four-factor models. A second aim was the investigation of the factorial invariance of the PBI across different age groups (adults vs. children). The results revealed that PBI can be used in children samples (measurement invariance) but it seems that PBI latent variables may be perceived differently across different age groups (not structural invariance). The authors conclude that further researc... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5326534 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5326534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5312307&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21987227%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Galla BM, Wood JJ, Chiu AW, Langer DA, Jacobs J, Ifekwunigwe M, Larkins C Abstract The current study sought to evaluate the relative long-term efficacy of a modularized cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program for children with anxiety disorders. Twenty four children (5-12 years old) randomly assigned to modular CBT or a 3-month waitlist participated in a 1-year follow-up assessment. Independent evaluators blind to treatment condition conducted structured diagnostic interviews, and caregivers and children completed symptom checklists at pre- and post-, and 1 year follow-up assessments. Analyses revealed that 71.4% of children who received CBT demonstrated a positive treatment response 1 year following treatment, and 83.3% were free of any anxiety diagnosis at 1 year ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5312307 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5312307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279326&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21956275%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined child and parental factors in infancy and toddlerhood predicting subclinical or clinical levels of internalizing and externalizing problems at 5 years of age. Ninety-six children and their families participated. They were assessed when the children were 4-10 weeks old (T1), 2 years (T2) and 5 years old (T3). Child risks (difficult temperament, health problems, early emotional and behavioral problems), parental risks (psychopathology, parenting stress and perception of the child) and family risks (socio-economic status, quality of marital relationship and family violence) were examined. At 5 years, internalizing problems were predicted by family violence during the child's infancy and parenting stress at age 2. Externalizing problems were predicted by psychiatric pr... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279326 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5246545&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21927969%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frühe B, Allgaier AK, Pietsch K, Baethmann M, Peters J, Kellnar S, Heep A, Burdach S, von Schweinitz D, Schulte-Körne G Abstract The aim of the present study was to develop and validate the Children's Depression Screener (ChilD-S) for use in pediatric care. In two pediatric samples, children aged 9-12 (N(I) = 200; N(II) = 246) completed an explorative item pool (subsample I) and a revised item pool (subsample II). Diagnostic accuracy of each of the 22 items from the revised pool was evaluated in order to select the best items for the brief instrument ChilD-S. Areas under the curve (AUCs) of the revised item pool and the ChilD-S were compared. A diagnostic interview, the Kinder-DIPS, served as gold standard. For the purpose of screening for depressive disorders in chi... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5246545 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5246545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5229811&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21915723%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aims to analyze the agreement between parents and teachers and to examine the relations between ratings made by parents and teachers and assessments made by clinicians and researchers. Parents, teachers and clinicians rated the behavioral inhibition of 365 preschoolers. Seventy-three randomly selected participants were observed using an adaptation of the Behavioral Inhibition Paradigm. Parent-teacher correlations on 34 items and different clusters were, on average, r = .3. The degree of convergence between observational measures and ratings by parents and teachers was moderate-low and did not improve when considering only subsamples from the ends of the distributions. Discriminant analysis suggests that both parents and teachers tend to have a moderate-low ability to detect "i... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5229811 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5229811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218862&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21901541%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the criterion validity of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher's Report Form (TRF) problem scales and items in demographically-matched Singapore samples of referred and non-referred children (840 in each sample for the CBCL and 447 in each sample for the TRF). Internal consistency estimates for both the CBCL and TRF scales were good. Almost all CBCL and TRF problem scales and items significantly discriminated between referred and non-referred children, with referred children scoring higher, as expected. The largest referral status effects were on attention problems scales and their associated items, with the TRF having larger effects than the CBCL. Effect sizes for demographic variables such as age, gender, ethnicity and SES were much smaller than effect size... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218862 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218861&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21901542%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined whether the relation between maladaptive emotion regulation and aggression was mediated by deviant social information processing (SIP). Participants were 193 preschool children. Emotion regulation and aggression were rated by teachers. Deviant SIP (i.e., attribution of hostile intent, aggressive response generation, aggressive response evaluation and decision) was measured from children's responses to hypothetical social conflicts. Findings revealed that the relation between maladaptive emotion regulation and aggression was direct and not mediated by SIP biases (i.e., aggressive response generation, aggressive response evaluation and decision). Results are discussed from a theoretical and methodological perspective. PMID: 21901542 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218861 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218860&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21901543%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Westrupp EM, Northam E, Doyle LW, Callanan C, Anderson PJ Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine risk and protective factors for adult psychiatric disorders in very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight <1,501 g) survivors. 79 of 154 (51%) VLBW subjects recruited at birth were assessed in early adulthood (24-27 years). Participants were screened for a psychiatric disorder; those elevated were invited to attend a structured clinical interview to determine a clinical diagnosis. Longitudinal variables measured from birth and at ages 2, 5, 14 and 18 years were included in analyses. Perinatal, developmental and social environmental risk factors failed to predict psychiatric disorder in adulthood in this cohort of VLBW survivors. Instead, low self-esteem at age... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218860 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218863&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21879319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zinner SH, Conelea CA, Glew GM, Woods DW, Budman CL Abstract Chronic tic disorders including Tourette syndrome have negative impact across multiple functional domains. We explored associations between peer victimization status and tic subtypes, premonitory urges, internalizing symptoms, explosive outbursts, and quality of life among youth with chronic tic disorders, as part of the internet-based omnibus Tourette Syndrome Impact Survey. A mixed methods design combined child self-report and parental proxy-report (i.e., parent reporting on the child) demographic and quantitative data for affected youth ages 10-17 years addressing gender, mean age, ethnicity and other socioeconomic features, and presence of tic disorders and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Peer "Victim" v... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218863 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5175375&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21874362%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Affrunti NW, Ginsburg GS Abstract Previous research has shown that maternal overcontrol is related to higher levels of child anxiety. It has been theorized, though not empirically tested, that maternal overcontrol decreases child perceived competence and mastery, which increases child anxiety. The present study investigated this theory using a sample of 89 mother-child dyads (children aged 6-13, 84.3% Caucasian, 6.7% African American, and 51.7% male). After statistically controlling for maternal anxiety level, child perceived competence was shown to partially mediate the relationship between maternal overcontrol and child anxiety. Though current findings are based on cross sectional data, they suggest multiple pathways through which maternal overcontrol impacts child anxie... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5175375 Fri, 26 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5175375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099238&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21809044%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nacinovich R, Gadda S, Maserati E, Bomba M, Neri F The epidemiology of anxiety traits was examined in a large sample of Italian preadolescent children, and 3,479 Italian nine-year-old subjects were enrolled. Anxious traits were observed in 10.5% of children. No significant gender differences were found, but children of separated couples presented a relative risk for anxious traits that was 50% higher, than children of cohabiting or married parents. Moreover, large families (more than 4 members) with a stay-at-home mother were also associated with anxiety in the offspring. Currently, this is the first study carried out in a large sample of preadolescent children, all of the same age. PMID: 21809044 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Deve... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099238 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5099238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052012&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21748287%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lau JY, Molyneaux E, Telman MD, Belli S Many adult anxiety problems emerge in adolescence. Investigating how adolescent anxiety arises and abates is critical for understanding and preventing adult psychiatric problems. Drawing threat interpretations from ambiguous material is linked to adolescent anxiety but little research has clarified the causal nature of this relationship. Work in adults using Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I) training show that manipulating negative interpretational style alters negative affect. Conversely, 'boosting' positive interpretations improves affect. Here, we extend CBM-I investigations to adolescents. Thirty-nine adolescents (13-18 years), varying in trait anxiety and self-efficacy, were randomly allocated to receive positi... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052012 Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5052012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052013&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21739298%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scharfstein L, Alfano C, Beidel D, Wong N A common assumption is that all youth with anxiety disorders (AD) experience impaired peer relationships relative to healthy control children. Social impairments have been identified among youth with certain AD (e.g., social anxiety disorder; SAD), but less is known about the peer relationships of children with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). We therefore compared the interpersonal functioning of youth with GAD, SAD, and controls (6-13 years). Despite having relatively fewer friends overall, children with GAD did not differ from controls in terms of the likelihood of having a best friend, participation in groups/clubs, and parent ratings of social competence. In comparison, youth with SAD were less socially competent, had fewer fr... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052013 Thu, 07 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5052013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4960375&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21695500%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the relationship between positive illusions, depressive symptomatology, and school stress in a sample of 71 school-based adolescents. Findings revealed that adolescents who were achieving slightly below average in math significantly overestimated their performance, but adolescents did not overestimate their performance in spelling. Positive illusions in math were negatively related to depressive symptomatology. Implications for positive illusions theory are discussed. PMID: 21695500 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development) Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4960375 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4960375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4960377&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21671004%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rathert J, Fite PJ, Gaertner AE The current study examined relations between effortful control (ones ability to focus and shift attention in an adaptive manner), psychological control (caregiver attempts to manipulate the child's internal world) and proactive and reactive aggression. Participants were 69 children (54% male) ranging from 9 to 12 years of age (M = 10.35, SD = 1.14) and their primary caregivers from a community-recruited sample. Results indicate that psychological control and effortful control interacted and contributed to proactive aggression. At high levels of effortful control psychological control was positively associated with proactive aggression, whereas at low levels of effortful control psychological control was unrelated to proactive aggression. In... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4960377 Mon, 13 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4960377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4960376&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21671005%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined emotional and behavioral functioning among children of African American mothers with depression. African American mothers (n = 63), with a past year diagnosis of a depressive disorder, and one of their children (ages 7-14) completed behavioral rating scales in a cross-sectional design. Results showed that 6.5 and 15% scored within the clinical range for depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Approximately a third of the offspring reported suicidal ideation. Based on mothers' report, 25.4 and 20.6% of the offspring exhibited internalizing and externalizing symptoms in the clinical range, respectively. Offspring whose mothers were in treatment exhibited higher levels of self-reported anxiety symptoms. Offspring of African American mothers with depression were ex... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4960376 Mon, 13 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4960376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4960378&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21667157%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Equit M, Paulus F, Fuhrmann P, Niemczyk J, von Gontard A The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare diagnoses of patients from a special outpatient department for infants, toddlers and preschoolers. Specifically, overlap, age and gender differences according to the two classification systems DC: 0-3R and ICD-10 were examined. 299 consecutive children aged 0-5;11 years received both ICD-10 and DC: 0-3R diagnoses. All ICD-10 diagnoses were given prospectively at the initial contact. The DC: 0-3R diagnoses were allotted in mutual consensus conferences. The most common ICD-10 disorders were Oppositional Defiant (ODD), Hyperkinetic (HKD) and Emotional Disorders. In DC: 0-3R, nearly half of the children could not be coded adequately ('Other Disorders'). Sleep Behavior Dis... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4960378 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4960378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4960379&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21660428%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sung M, Ooi YP, Goh TJ, Pathy P, Fung DS, Ang RP, Chua A, Lam CM We compared the effects of a 16-week Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) program and a Social Recreational (SR) program on anxiety in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Seventy children (9-16 years old) were randomly assigned to either of the programs (n (CBT) = 36; n (SR) = 34). Measures on child's anxiety using the Spence Child Anxiety Scale-Child (SCAS-C) and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S) were administered at pre-, post-treatment, and follow-ups (3- and 6-month). Children in both programs showed significantly lower levels of generalized anxiety and total anxiety symptoms at 6-month follow-up on SCAS-C. Clinician ratings on the CGI-S demonstrated an increase in the percen... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4960379 Thu, 09 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4960379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4912027&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21630020%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the psychometric properties of the Greek translation of SCAS in a large community sample of children and adolescents (N = 1,072), aged 12-17 years, in the non-occupied territory of Cyprus. A subsample of these participants was retested 8 weeks after the initial assessment. The SCAS demonstrated high internal consistency (alpha = .92) and test-retest reliability (r = .88). The SCAS total scores correlated significantly with the anxious/depressed subscale of the Youth Self-Report, the Columbia Impairment Scale, and with the emotional subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed the same six-factor structure as the original SCAS. The SCAS proved to be a reliable and valid measure of anxiety symptoms in the Cypriot c... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4912027 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4912027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4912028&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21614552%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schulte IE, Petermann F The aim of this study was to examine whether familial risk factors for the development of somatoform symptoms and somatoform disorders in children and adolescents can be deduced from studies which investigated the intergenerational transmission of functional abdominal pain and somatoform disorders. A systematic review of articles published in English and German since 1990 was performed. Twenty-three relevant studies were found. The following putative familial risk factors for the development of somatoform symptoms and somatoform disorders were identified: somatization of parents, organic disease of a significant other, psychopathology of close family members, dysfunctional family climate, traumatic experiences in childhood and insecure attachment. Most ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4912028 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4912028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4805298&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21538120%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Georgsson A, Almqvist K, Broberg AG Children with experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) are at risk. Not all children, however, display symptoms, and differences connected to gender and age have been demonstrated. In this exploratory study, children's own reports of symptoms were used. The 41 recruited children, between 7 and 19 years old, were entered into a group program specially directed toward children with experiences of IPV. These children reported experiencing more symptoms overall when compared with non-exposed children. The relationship to the abuser and children's symptoms related differently for boys and for girls. Girls who had continued contact with the abusive father described more mental health problems than did other girls exposed to IPV and more tha... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4805298 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4805298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4805297&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21538121%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Valdez CR, Lambert SF, Ialongo NS This investigation examined profiles of individual, academic, and social risks in elementary school, and their association with mental health and academic difficulties in adolescence. Latent profile analyses of data from 574 urban youth revealed three risk classes. Children with the "well-adjusted" class had assets in the academic and social domains, low aggressive behavior, and low depressive symptoms in elementary school, and low rates of academic and mental health problems in adolescence. Children in the "behavior-academic-peer risk" class, characterized by high aggressive behavior, low academic achievement, and low peer acceptance, had conduct problems, academic difficulties, and increased mental health service use in adolescence. Children... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4805297 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4805297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4805301&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21484416%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Freeman J, Sapyta J, Garcia A, Fitzgerald D, Khanna M, Choate-Summers M, Moore P, Chrisman A, Haff N, Naeem A, March J, Franklin M The primary aim of this paper is to examine the characteristics of a large sample of youth with OCD who are partial responders (i.e., still have clinically significant symptoms) to serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) medication. The sample will be described with regard to: demographics, treatment history, OCD symptoms/severity, family history and parental psychopathology, comorbidity, and global and family functioning. The sample includes 124 youth with OCD ranging in age from 7 to 17 with a primary diagnosis of OCD and a partial response to an SRI medication. The youth are a predominantly older (age 12 and over), Caucasian, middle to upper income g... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4805301 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4805301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4805300&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21484417%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology symptoms with 7-12 year-old children (N = 97; 44 boys, 53 girls, M age = 9.14, SD = 1.38) and their mothers (M age = 38.46, SD = 6.86). Child emotion regulation mediated the links between maternal psychopathology and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. In turn, the indirect effect was dependent on the level of maternal support in response to youth's expressions of negative emotions when considering particular constellations of maternal reactions and type of psychopathology symptoms. The findings indicate that the relations between maternal and child psychopathology symptoms and child emotion regulation are complex and vary by context. Regardless of the complexity, however, for both internalizin... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4805300 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4805300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4805299&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21484418%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined mothers' ability to accurately predict their sons' performance on executive functioning tasks in relation to the child's behavior problems. One-hundred thirteen mothers and their 4-7 year old sons participated. From behind a one-way mirror, mothers watched their sons perform tasks assessing inhibition and planning skills. Before each task, mothers predicted how their sons would perform. Both the absolute discrepancy between mothers' predictions and their child's performance (summing both mothers' over- and under-estimations), and the mothers' under-estimations of their child's performance accounted for significant variance in reports of child behavior problems. These predictions were significant even with the child's age and level of task performance controlled. The re... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4805299 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4805299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4699861&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21479509%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McKinney C, Milone MC, Renk K Research suggests that parenting styles are related to the types of discipline parents utilize and that the coupling of parenting styles and discipline techniques are related to child outcomes. Although extant research examines the effects of parenting styles and discipline on child and early adolescent adjustment, less is known about adjustment in late adolescents, also described as emerging adults. Thus, the current study investigated the relationships among parenting styles (e.g., authoritative, authoritarian, permissive), discipline strategies (e.g., non-violent discipline, psychological aggression, physical assault), and emerging adult emotional adjustment (e.g., self-esteem, depression, and anxiety). The sample consisted of 526 participants ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4699861 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4699861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4699860&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21479510%26dopt%3DAbstract This study uses a multi-method approach to investigate the effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) in reducing children's behavior problems when parents report clinical levels of depressive symptoms. Participants were 132 children, 2-7 years of age, and their biological mothers, who either reported low (N = 78) or clinical levels of depressive symptoms (N = 54). Results showed that depressive mothers were likely to report more severe child behavior problems than non-depressive mothers at the pre-treatment assessment, but that depressive mothers reported greater reductions in child behavior problems than non-depressive mothers from pre- to post-treatment. The two groups showed similar levels of observed interaction quality at the pre-treatment assessment (i.e., parent ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4699860 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4699860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4699859&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21479511%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests that BI is heterogeneous, and that distinguishing between different forms of BI may help account for the variation in trajectories and outcomes exhibited by high BI children. PMID: 21479511 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development) Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4699859 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4699859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4699858&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21479512%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Graziano PA, Geffken GR, McNamara JP The goal of the current study was to determine within a clinical sample what differentiates children with ADHD who experience social functioning difficulties from those who appear to have healthy social functioning. Participants for this study included 62 children (mean age = 11.3 years) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD confirmed by a comprehensive clinical diagnostic assessment. Multiple indicators of children's social functioning were collected via parent report including: social skills, social adaptability, peer difficulties, and social quality of life. Parent reports of children's externalizing, internalizing, and atypical behaviors were also collected. Results indicated that both externalizing symptoms and atypical behaviors predicte... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4699858 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4699858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4699857&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21479513%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the relationship of exposure to domestic violence and violence occurring outside home to bullying behaviour in a sample (508; 40.9% males, 59.1% females) of underage psychiatric inpatient adolescents. Participants were interviewed using K-SADS-PL to assess DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses and to gather information about domestic and other violence and bullying behaviour. Witnessing interparental violence increased the risk of being a victim of bullying up to 2.5-fold among boys. For girls, being a victim of a violent crime was an over 10-fold risk factor for being a bully-victim. Gender differences were seen in witnessing of a violent crime; girls were more likely to be bullies than boys. Further, as regards being a victim of a violent crime outside home and physical abuse by paren... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4699857 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4699857 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4699862&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21468662%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McKinney C, Renk K Given the importance of predicting outcomes for early adolescents, this study examines a multivariate model of parent-adolescent relationship variables, including parenting, family environment, and conflict. Participants, who completed measures assessing these variables, included 710 culturally diverse 11-14-year-olds who were attending a middle school in a Southeastern state. The parents of a subset of these adolescents (i.e., 487 mother-father pairs) participated in this study as well. Correlational analyses indicate that authoritative and authoritarian parenting, family cohesion and adaptability, and conflict are significant predictors of early adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. Structural equation modeling analyses indicate that fathe... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4699862 Tue, 05 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4699862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4581440&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21336630%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to test whether a previous observed Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) treatment effect could be repeated in an ALC adjunctive therapy treatment trial of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. This was a six-week, randomized clinical trial undertaken in an outpatient child and adolescent clinic. Subjects included 40 outpatients (28 boys and 12 girls) between the ages of 7-13 who met the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for ADHD. All study subjects were randomly assigned to receive treatment using capsules of ALC doses ranging from 500 to 1,500 mg/day depending on the weight of the child plus methylphenidate at a dose of 20-30 mg/day depending on weight or Placebo plus methylphenidate at a dose of 20-30 mg/day depending on weight. ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4581440 Sat, 19 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4581440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4472726&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21301955%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined maternal resolution of diagnosis in a child psychiatric population utilizing the Reaction to Diagnosis paradigm. Thirty-three mothers of children ages 2-7 years with psychiatric disorders were interviewed using the Reaction to Diagnosis Interview. Slightly over half of the sample was classified as resolved. Associations between maternal resolution status, maternal depression, childrearing stress, and child functioning were examined and a predictive model for maternal resolution status was tested. Specific findings included a significant association between childrearing stress and maternal resolution status with support for some additional predictive power for maternal depression on resolution status. Child functioning was not significantly associated with resolution st... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4472726 Tue, 08 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4472726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4472727&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21293919%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huemer J, Karnik N, Voelkl-Kernstock S, Granditsch E, Plattner B, Friedrich M, Steiner H We assessed the prevalence of a range of psychopathology among African unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) in Austria. Additionally, the predictive value of war exposure on PTSD symptoms was examined. Forty-one URMs were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children and adolescents, the Youth Self-Report, the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index and Facts About You. As expected, 56% of youth had at least one diagnosis by structured clinical interview. The most common diagnoses were adjustment disorder, PTSD and dysthymia. War affliction marginally predicted (p = 0.065) PTSD controlling for age and gender. URMs had high levels of psychopathology compared to norms. Their... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4472727 Fri, 04 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4472727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4472730&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21274619%26dopt%3DAbstract This study analyzed the psychometric properties of scores on the Slovene version of the Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents (QIDA) in a sample of 1,334 adolescents (44% boys), ranging in age from 12 to 18 years (M = 15.61). Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the correlated five-factor structure of the QIDA: Assertiveness, Heterosexual Relationships, Public Speaking, Family Relationships, and Close Friendships. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were reasonable. Correlations of scores on the QIDA with scores of neuroticism, low extraversion, and low openness, as measured by the Inventory of Child/Adolescent Individual Differences, and scores of fear of negative evaluation, and tension and inhibition in social contacts, as measured by the Soci... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4472730 Sat, 29 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4472730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4472729&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21274620%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Festa CC, Ginsburg GS The aim of the current study was to extend etiological models of social anxiety in youth by examining the relative importance of parental (i.e., parental anxiety, rejection, and overcontrol) and peer factors (i.e., social acceptance, social support, and friendship quality). Sixty-three youth (ages 7-12; 52% male) and their parents participated in the study. Using multiple informants of these factors, results generally indicated that higher levels of parental anxiety, rejection, and overcontrol were related to higher levels of social anxiety. Higher levels of social support, acceptance, and validation were associated with lower levels social anxiety. The strongest predictors of social anxiety symptoms (as rated by an independent evaluator) were parental an... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4472729 Sat, 29 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4472729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4472728&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21279544%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the associations between maternal anxiety, behaviors, and expectations and children's self-evaluations of distress, coping, and performance during a stressful performance evaluation task. Seventy-five mothers (38 clinically anxious and 37 nonanxious) along with one of their children aged 6-14 (52.0% female; 78.7% Caucasian) were videotaped while preparing the child to deliver a speech about themselves. Child and parent assessments were obtained before and after the speech, and independent coders rated maternal behavior during the speech preparation. Maternal anxiety and behaviors accounted for a greater proportion of variance in children's self-evaluations than did maternal expectations, such that children of mothers who reported higher task anxiety and demonstrated mor... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4472728 Sat, 29 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4472728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4277653&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21165694%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was an open-label study that only included two medication groups. Children were randomized to open-label atomoxetine or OROS-MPH for 12 weeks. Primary efficacy measures were T-DSM-IV-S, CGI-I and neuropsychological tests battery. Safety assessments included electrocardiogram, adverse events checklist and laboratory tests. According to the endpoint improvement scores of CGI and parents T-DSM-IV-S, treatment responses were not significantly different between the two study groups. OROS-MPH led to a significantly greater reduction in teacher T-DSM-IV-S scale scores. OROS-MPH was more effective than atomoxetine on Stroop-5 time and number of corrections. Significant decrease in the percentage of perseverative errors on WCST in the OROS-MPH group was seen (p = 0.005). The most freq... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4277653 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4277653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4277654&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21161368%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Edison SC, Evans MA, McHolm AE, Cunningham CE, Nowakowski ME, Boyle M, Schmidt LA The authors examined parent-child interactions among three groups: selectively mute, anxious, and non-anxious children in different contexts. The relation between parental control (granting autonomy and high power remarks), child factors (i.e., age, anxiety, verbal participation), and parent anxiety was investigated. Parental control varied by context but parents of children with SM were more controlling than parents in the comparison groups in all contexts. Regression analyses indicated that child and parent anxiety predicted parental control, with increased anxiety associated with increased control. Older child age predicted less parent control. Group categorization moderated the relation betwe... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4277654 Tue, 14 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4277654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4251513&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21127963%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sánchez EY, Velarde S, Britton GB The present study investigated the prevalence of ADHD in a school sample of children ages 6-11 years in the city of Panama. The assessment battery included the Conners' Parent and Teacher Rating Scales, the Structured Developmental History of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC-2), and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III). The prevalence of ADHD (N = 229) was 7.4%, with an estimate of 1.8% for the predominantly inattentive subtype, 3.1% for the predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype, and 2.6% for the combined subtype. The prevalence rate of ADHD is relatively low in Panama compared to those reported for samples in neighboring countries. Moreover, ADHD children were unlikely to have been identified or... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4251513 Fri, 03 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4251513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4139746&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21046225%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Conelea CA, Woods DW, Zinner SH, Budman C, Murphy T, Scahill LD, Compton SN, Walkup J Prior research has demonstrated that chronic tic disorders (CTD) are associated with functional impairment across several domains. However, methodological limitations, such as data acquired by parental report, datasets aggregated across child and adult samples, and small treatment-seeking samples, curtail interpretation. The current study explored the functional impact of tics among youth in a large, "virtual" community sample. An Internet-based survey was completed by families with children who had CTD. The sample included 740 parents and 232 of their children (ages 10-17 years). The survey assessed impact across five functional domains: physical, social, familial, academic, and psychologic... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4139746 Fri, 29 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4139746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4108026&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20972616%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Donnelly R, Renk K, Sims VK, McGuire J Research demonstrates the importance of early social interactions in the development of schemas and automatic thoughts. It does not appear, however, that the existing research examines intergenerational correlations in automatic thoughts. As a result, this study explores the relationship between the automatic thoughts of parents and those of their college-age children in a sample of 252 college students and their mothers and fathers. Results of this study suggest that there are significant relationships between parents' and college students' positive automatic thoughts. Different trends by gender also are noted in the relationships among variables for male and female college students with their mothers and fathers. Further, mothers' posit... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4108026 Fri, 22 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4108026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4088552&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20960051%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nowakowski ME, Tasker SL, Cunningham CE, McHolm AE, Edison S, Pierre JS, Boyle MH, Schmidt LA Although joint attention processes are known to play an important role in adaptive social behavior in typical development, we know little about these processes in clinical child populations. We compared early school age children with selective mutism (SM; n = 19) versus mixed anxiety (MA; n = 18) and community controls (CC; n = 26) on joint attention measures coded from direct observations with their parent during an unstructured free play task and two structured tasks. As predicted, the SM dyads established significantly fewer episodes of joint attention through parental initiation acts than the MA and CC dyads during the structured tasks. Findings suggest that children with SM... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4088552 Wed, 20 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4088552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4088553&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20957428%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barry TD, Pinard FA, Barry CT, Garland BH, Lyman RD Given the propensity for clinical assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to focus on core behavioral symptoms, the current study examined how well other predictors classified children who were diagnosed with ADHD by licensed practitioners. Participants were 91 children (39 ADHD-identified, 52 without ADHD), aged 8 to 13 years. In addition to significantly more ADHD symptoms, the ADHD-identified group exhibited significantly more externalizing problems and internalizing symptoms, less adaptive functioning, and greater problem pervasiveness and severity. Binary logistic regression analyses indicated that problem pervasiveness and severity significantly predicted diagnostic group membership when controlli... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4088553 Mon, 18 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4088553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4088555&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20953829%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moses T This mixed-method study examines (1) the extent to which fifty adolescents receiving wraparound treatment and prescribed psychotropic medication for various psychiatric disorders report that they would continue taking medication if the decision was entirely their own (termed "medication commitment"); (2) their general subjective experiences with medication; and (3) which medication experiences and clinical, social, and demographic factors are associated with greater medication commitment. We found that most adolescents (62%) would discontinue treatment; these "less committed" youth were more likely to report various negative medication perceptions and experiences in open-ended questions, relative to "committed" youth. Multivariate analysis indicated that significant co... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4088555 Fri, 15 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4088555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4088554&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20953830%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hardt J, Herke M, Schier K Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in many Western countries. An exploration of factors associated with suicidality may help to understand the mechanisms that lead to suicide. Two samples in Germany (n = 500 and n = 477) were examined via Internet regarding suicidality, depression, alcohol abuse, adverse childhood experiences, and parent-child relationships. A Graphical Markov Model was constructed from the first subsample, testing for main, quadratic and interaction effects. All effects in the model were cross-validated using the second subsample. Depression was found to be a strong predictor of suicidality; alcohol abuse was not a predictor. Both maternal and paternal love also predicted suicidality; the former had an indirect effect... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4088554 Fri, 15 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4088554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4044629&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20886284%26dopt%3DAbstract This study reports on the development and initial psychometric properties of the Children's Saving Inventory (CSI), a parent-rated measure designed to assess child hoarding behaviors. Subjects included 123 children and adolescents diagnosed with primary Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and their parents. Trained clinicians administered the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), items assessing Family Accommodation and the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity index. Parents completed the CSI, Child Obsessive-Compulsive Impact Scale (COIS)-Parent Version and Child Behavior Checklist. Youth completed the COIS-Child Version, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory Child Version (OCI-CV), Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and Children's Depression Inventory-Short Form.... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4044629 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4044629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4044628&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20886285%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined self-reports of callous-unemotional traits (CU: Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits), bullying, and empathy in 201 children (ages 11-12 years). Results show children high on CU to be lowest in affective empathy and highest in direct bullying. While all subscales of the ICU were related to affective empathy, only the uncaring subscale was uniquely related to cognitive empathy. Empathy did not explain differences in bullying when taking into account CU traits. Therefore, failing to care about others is more important than empathy for explaining the direct and indirect bullying these children take part in. Implications for targeting different forms of empathy in treatment are considered. PMID: 20886285 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Huma... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4044628 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4044628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4044627&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20886286%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined social problems at school and relationships with peers, siblings, mothers, and fathers among children with ADHD only (n = 41), ODD only (n = 14), ADHD + ODD (n = 47), and normal controls (n = 204) from a school-based sample of 2,463 first to ninth graders in Taiwan. ADHD and ODD symptoms were determined by teacher and mother reports on the Conners' Rating Scales and social adjustment problems were assessed by mother reports on the Social Adjustment Inventory for Children and Adolescents. Results indicated that relative to normal controls, children with ADHD + ODD displayed greater levels of social adjustment problems across domains (i.e., school, peers, siblings, and parents) while children with ADHD were significantly more impaired only in social adjustment... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4044627 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4044627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3915914&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20803168%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Evans DW, Hersperger C, Capaldi PA A new inventory assessing thought-action fusion (TAF) in children is presented. We explore the psychometric properties of this instrument and examine the associations between TAF, ritualistic and compulsive-like behavior (CLB) and anxiety. Three hundred thirteen children ages 7-14 (M = 10.16, SD = 1.92) representing six grades (grouped into three grade levels (grades 2-3, 4-5, and 6-7) completed the Thought-action Fusion Inventory for Children (TAFIC) and the Child Revised Manifest Anxiety Scale. One hundred thirty-five parents or guardians completed the Childhood Routines Inventory. Results revealed high internal consistency in the TAFIC (Cronbach's alpha = .92). TAF scores changed with age: Older children reported less TAF than younger chil... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3915914 Fri, 27 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3915914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3915915&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20737286%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the symptom response trajectories for 225 children and youth throughout a period of residential treatment. With the 10-item Conners' Global Index (CGI) as the primary outcome measure, assessments were completed on a bi-weekly basis during the average 4 month stay within the youth's residential treatment. Clients demonstrated an ongoing reduction of symptoms, and the severity of baseline symptoms influenced the trajectory of the symptom reduction. In addition, symptom reduction was characterized as logarithmic, particularly when controlling for the baseline severity of symptoms. Implications of these findings for administrators, practitioners, and researchers of residential treatment are discussed. PMID: 20737286 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psy... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3915915 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3915915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3900441&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20734130%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crawford NA, Schrock M, Woodruff-Borden J Research has traditionally focused on the role of genetic and environmental variables in the development and maintenance of childhood internalizing disorders. Temperament variables, such as negative affect and effortful control have gained considerable interest within the field of developmental psychopathology. Environmental factors such as mother-child interactions and family cohesion have also been linked with internalizing disorders. The current study examines the relationship between child negative affect, effortful control, maternal negative affect, family functioning, and internalizing symptoms in a sample of preschool-aged children using a path analysis approach. Sixty-five children, aged 3-5 years and their mothers completed me... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3900441 Mon, 23 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3900441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3900443&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20730483%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was carried out to model the functional form of the effect of contextual risk (number of adverse life events) on emotional and behavioural problems in early adolescence, and to test how intelligence and academic achievement compare as moderators of this effect. The effect of number of adverse life events on emotional and behavioural problems was non-quadratic. Intelligence rather than academic achievement moderated the association between contextual risk and children's emotional and behavioural problems. However, the interaction effect was significant only on peer problems. These findings suggest that both moderator and outcome specificity should be considered when evaluating the role of intellectual competence in the association between contextual risk and children's emotional ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3900443 Fri, 20 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3900443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3900442&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20730484%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aelterman N, De Clercq B, De Bolle M, De Fruyt F Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and impairing clinical disorder in childhood, often characterized by a heterogeneous symptomatic profile and high co-occurrence with other disorders. The present study introduces a new perspective on the description of OCD symptoms in youth, and empirically examines the value of a personality framework (e.g. Five Factor of Personality; FFM) for understanding early OCD symptomatology in a referred sample of 274 children and adolescents, relying on age-specific measures of general and maladaptive personality. Differences in general and maladaptive personality traits for high versus low-scoring children and adolescents on the Obsessive-Compulsive Scale of the Child Behavior Checklist... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3900442 Fri, 20 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3900442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3777567&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20644996%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Masi G, Mucci M, Pias P, Muratori F Among the youths referred to our Psychiatric Inpatient Emergency Service, we focused on bipolar disorder (BD), to explore predictive elements for the outcome. Fifty-one patients (30 males, 21 females, age range 8-18 years, mean age 14.2 +/- 3.1 years) received a diagnosis of BD, according to historical information, prolonged observations, and a structured clinical interview (K-SADS-PL). Twenty-seven patients (52.9%) were responders at the end of hospitalization according to CGI-I 1 or 2 and 50% decrease of both Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Responders received a longer hospitalization. Non responders were more severe at baseline, had higher scores at BPRS (namely positive symptoms), and were more ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3777567 Mon, 19 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3777567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3777566&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20644997%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lewin AB, Caporino N, Murphy TK, Geffken GR, Storch EA The present study aimed to assess the phenomenology and treatment sensitivity of insight, avoidance, indecisiveness, overvalued responsibility, pervasive slowness, and pathological doubting among youth with Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using the ancillary items on the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). These factors are believed to be relevant to the clinical presentation of youth with OCD but remain understudied. Eighty-nine youth with OCD were administered the CY-BOCS, including six subsidiary items aimed at the constructs of interest in this research. Participants also completed measures of OCD symptom clusters, depressive and anxious symptoms, externalizing/internalizing behavioral probl... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3777566 Mon, 19 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3777566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3777565&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20644998%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brumariu LE, Kerns KA The purpose of this study was to test Manassis' proposal (Child-parent relations: Attachment and anxiety disorders, 255-272, 2001) that attachment patterns (secure, ambivalent, avoidant, and disorganized) may relate to different types of anxiety symptoms, and that behavioral inhibition may moderate these relations. Using a story stem interview to assess attachment and children's reports of anxiety symptoms, we found some support for these hypotheses in a sample of 10-12 years olds. Security was related to lower levels of all types of anxieties, except separation anxiety. Ambivalence was positively related to separation anxiety, although this relation was stronger for boys. Although avoidance was not related to anxiety, disorganization was positively relat... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3777565 Mon, 19 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3777565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3742727&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20614179%26dopt%3DAbstract This report describes the feasibility and psychometric properties of the child version of the Separation Anxiety Daily Diary (SADD-C) in 125 children (ages 7-14 years) from German-speaking areas of Switzerland. Children with separation anxiety disorder (SAD; n = 58), "other" anxiety disorders (n = 36), and healthy controls (n = 31) recorded the frequency of parent-child separations, along with associated anxiety, thoughts, reactions and subsequent parental responses. Compliance rates were modest, consistent with past research on self-report diaries with anxious children. The SADD-C was better at discriminating children with SAD from controls than "other anxious" children. The SADD-C demonstrated good convergent validity with maternal and child self-reported anxiety (Revised Child Manifest ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3742727 Wed, 07 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3742727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3691886&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20567898%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huemer J, Erhart F, Steiner H PTSD in children and adolescents differs from the adult disease. Therapeutic approaches involve both psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy. Objectives: The current paper aims at reviewing studies on psychopharmacological treatment of childhood and adolescent PTSD. Additionally, developmental frameworks for PTSD diagnosis and research along with an experimental model of quenching and kindling in the context of stress exposure are presented. We conducted an extensive literature search of reviews on psychopharmacotherapy as well as studies on psychopharmacological treatment for PTSD among children and adolescents. We used the database PubMed and focused on the time period of the last 10 years up to January 2009. Pertinent earlier papers were also i... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3691886 Mon, 21 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3691886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3626482&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20517641%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Davari-Ashtiani R, Eslami Shahrbabaki M, Razjouyan K, Amini H, Mazhabdar H The efficacy and side effects of buspirone compared with methylphenidate (MPH) in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A total of 34 children with ADHD as defined by DSM-IV-TR were randomized to buspirone or methylphenidate dosed on weight-adjusted basis at buspirone (0.5 mg/kg/day) and methylphenidate (0.3-1 mg/kg/day) for a 6-week double-blind clinical trial. The principle measures of outcome were the teacher and parent ADHD Rating Scale. The side effects were assessed by the special side effect checklist of each drug. In both groups, the scores of teacher and parent ADHD Rating Scale significantly declined on the 6th week as compared to baseline (p = 0.001).... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3626482 Tue, 01 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3626482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3380279&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20238477%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Pauw SS, Mervielde I The numerous temperament and personality constructs in childhood impede the systematic integration of findings on how these individual differences relate to developmental psychopathology. This paper reviews the main temperament and personality theories and proposes a theoretical taxonomy representing the common structure of both temperament and personality traditions within one conceptual framework. This integrated lexicon of childhood temperament/personality traits facilitates an overview of the most important research findings on the role of temperament and personality in the development of anxiety, depression, ADHD, proactive and reactive antisocial behavior. Several directions for future research are discussed to further validate and refine these re... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3380279 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 14:59:02 +0100 3380279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3380282&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20238159%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Results indicated that both low zinc and ferritin levels were associated with higher hyperactivity symptoms. Zinc level was also associated with anxiety and conduct problems. Since both zinc and iron are associated with dopamine metabolism, it can be speculated that low zinc and iron levels might be associated with more significant impairment in dopaminergic transmission in subjects with ADHD. PMID: 20238159 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development) Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3380282 Thu, 18 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3380282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3380280&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20238160%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ang RP, Goh DH The purpose of the study was to examine the association between affective empathy, cognitive empathy, and gender on cyberbullying among adolescents. Participants were 396 adolescents from Singapore with age ranging from 12 to 18 years. Adolescents responded to a survey with scales measuring both affective and cognitive empathy, and cyberbullying behavior. A three-step hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used with cyberbullying scores as the dependent variable. Gender was dummy coded and both affective and cognitive empathy were centered using the sample mean prior to creating interaction terms and entering them into the regression equations. The testing, probing and interpretation of interaction effects followed established statistical procedures. Resu... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3380280 Thu, 18 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3380280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362801&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20221849%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tininenko JR, Fisher PA, Bruce J, Pears KC In the current study, sleep actigraphy and parent-report measures were used to investigate differences in sleeping behavior among four groups of 3- to 7-year-olds (N = 79): children in regular foster care (n = 15); children receiving a therapeutic intervention in foster care (n = 17); low income community children (n = 18); and upper middle income community children (n = 29). The children in therapeutic foster care exhibited longer sleep latency and increased variability of sleep duration than the upper middle income community children. In addition, there was an indication of a treatment effect: the therapeutic foster care children slept longer than the regular foster care and low income community children and had earlier bedtimes, fe... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362801 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3362801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362802&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20221691%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stadler C, Feifel J, Rohrmann S, Vermeiren R, Poustka F The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and effects of peer-victimization on mental health problems among adolescents. Parental and school support were assumed as protective factors that might interact with one another in acting as buffers for adolescents against the risk of peer-victimization. Besides these protective factors, age and gender were additionally considered as moderating factors. The Social and Health Assessment survey was conducted among 986 students aged 11-18 years in order to assess peer-victimization, risk and protective factors and mental health problems. For mental health problems, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used. Effects of peer-victimization on mental healt... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362802 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3362802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3355027&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20213247%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, personality pattern scales from the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory in a sample of 492 adolescent inpatients were subjected to a principal components analysis to yield oblique internalizing and externalizing dimensions. Relations between personality dimensions and well-established measures of psychopathology (depression, alcohol abuse, drug abuse) and other indicators of clinical dysfunction (self-esteem, suicidality, violence) were assessed before and after controlling for these higher-order personality dimensions. Associations between personality scales and indicators of psychopathology and clinical dysfunction were minimal with these higher order components controlled. These results suggest that internalizing and externalizing personality dimensions explain most of t... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3355027 Sat, 06 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3355027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3336266&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20204497%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roddenberry A, Renk K Although many studies examine the biological phenomena that mediate the relationship between stress and illness, more research is needed regarding psychological variables that may mediate this relationship. Thus, the current study investigates the mediating effects of locus of control and self-efficacy in the relationships among stress, illness, and the utilization of health services in a sample of 159 college students. Results suggest that participants who endorse higher levels of stress also endorse higher levels of illness, higher levels of external locus of control, and lower levels of self-efficacy. In addition, structural equation modeling suggests that there are direct relationships between stress and illness and between illness and the utilization... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3336266 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3336266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3312210&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20182794%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yen CF, Yang P, Wu YY, Hsu FC, Cheng CP The aims of this study were to examine the factor structure, internal consistency 1 month test-retest reliability and the discriminant validity for the diagnosis of anxiety disorder of the Taiwanese version of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC-T). A total of 12,536 Taiwanese children and adolescents in the community were recruited to examine the adequacy of the original four-factor structure of the MASC-T by confirmatory factor analysis and the internal-consistency reliability by Cronbach's alpha across gender and age. The 1 month test-retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) in 105 children and adolescents in the community. The discriminant validity of the MASC-T for the diagnos... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3312210 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3312210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3213192&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20099078%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sullivan MW, Carmody DP, Lewis M To explore whether punitive parenting styles contribute to early-acquired emotion knowledge deficits observable in neglected children, we observed 42 preschool children's emotion knowledge, expression recognition time, and IQ. The children's mothers completed the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales to assess the recent use of three types of discipline strategies (nonviolent, physically punitive, and psychological aggression), as well as neglectful parenting. Fifteen of the children were identified as neglected by Child Protective Services (CPS) reports; 27 children had no record of CPS involvement and served as the comparison group. There were no differences between the neglect and comparison groups in the demographic factors of gender, age, h... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3213192 Sat, 23 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3213192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172584&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20066489%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: O'Neil KA, Podell JL, Benjamin CL, Kendall PC Research indicates that depression and anxiety are highly comorbid in youth. Little is known, however, about the clinical and family characteristics of youth with principal anxiety disorders and comorbid depressive diagnoses. The present study examined the demographic, clinical, and family characteristics of 200 anxiety-disordered children and adolescents (aged 7-17) with and without comorbid depressive disorders (major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder), seeking treatment at a university-based anxiety clinic. All participants met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for a principal anxiety disorder (generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, or social phobia). Of these, twelve percent (n = 24) also met criteria for a... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172584 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3172584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3164561&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20063056%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Pauw SS, Mervielde I The numerous temperament and personality constructs in childhood impede the systematic integration of findings on how these individual differences relate to developmental psychopathology. This paper reviews the main temperament and personality theories and proposes a theoretical taxonomy representing the common structure of both temperament and personality traditions within one conceptual framework. This integrated lexicon of childhood temperament/personality traits facilitates an overview of the most important research findings on the role of temperament and personality in the development of anxiety, depression, ADHD, proactive and reactive antisocial behavior. Several directions for future research are discussed to further validate and refine these re... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3164561 Sat, 09 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3164561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3148102&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20052532%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scheeringa MS, Haslett N The need to assess Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) disorders in children younger than 7 years of age has intensified as clinical efforts to diagnose and treat this population have increased, and clinical research on psychopathology has advanced. A new diagnostic instrument for young children was created, the Diagnostic Infant Preschool Assessment (DIPA), and was tested for test-retest reliability and concurrent criterion validity. The caregivers of 50 outpatients aged 1-6 years were interviewed twice by trained interviewers, once by a clinician and once by a research assistant, about eight disorders. The median test-retest intraclass correlation was 0.69, mean 0.61, and values ranged from 0.24 to 0.87. The median test-retest ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3148102 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3148102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3135917&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20043204%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides further support for the efficacy of DVPX in decreasing RADI aggression in the context of DBD. These results are particularly noteworthy because the sociotherapeutic structures supporting patients in previous trials were not present. PMID: 20043204 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development) Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3135917 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3135917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3049287&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19949972%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines the nature of the relationship between psychosocial factors and insomnia complaints in an adolescent non-clinical population. It is a cross-sectional study of a stratified sample of 2,195 Greek adolescent high-school students. Subjects were given the Athens insomnia scale, the Symptom Checklist scale (SCL-90-R) and a questionnaire concerning demographic characteristics. None of the subjects had received help for insomnia complaints or other overt psychopathology. Adolescents classified as suffering from insomnia presented higher levels of general psychopathology. Age, tobacco and alcohol use, self-reported patterns of communication in the family, perceived economic status and school performance were identified as correlates of the insomnia complaints. A significant numb... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3049287 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3049287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3049286&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19949973%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moore KW, Enrique Varela R The present study examined the roles of loss and disruption, major life events, and social support in the relationship between exposure and PTSD symptoms in a group of children 33 months after Hurricane Katrina. One hundred fifty-six 4th, 5th, and 6th graders were surveyed in the New Orleans area. Results indicated that 46% of the children reported moderate to very severe levels of PTSD symptoms. Lower levels of classmate support and more negative life events after the hurricane were uniquely related to PTSD symptoms. Analyses did not reveal any moderating relationships among the variables. The results of this study have implications for the prevention and treatment of PTSD symptoms long after exposure to trauma. PMID: 19949973 [PubMed - as suppl... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3049286 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3049286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3049285&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19949974%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the association of callous-unemotional (C/U) traits with length of psychiatric hospitalization among two samples each with 50 participants: a group of 7-11 year-olds (39 males and 11 females) receiving services on a children's unit, and a group of 12-17 year-olds (27 males and 23 females) receiving services on an adolescent unit. Our analyses focused on the additionally predictive value of C/U traits above and beyond the influence of pre-established risk factors for length of stay, including age, gender, ethnicity, overall levels of functioning and psychopathology, and the diagnosis of a Conduct Disorder or Oppositional Defiant Disorder. In both samples, hierarchic regression analyses indicated that C/U traits were associated with longer lengths of stay, whereas none of the pre... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3049285 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3049285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3009239&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19921537%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Broeren S, Muris P The Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire (BIQ) is a parent-rating scale for measuring temperamental characteristics referring to shyness, fearfulness, and withdrawal in young, preschool children. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the BIQ in a Dutch community sample of children with a broad age range. For this purpose, the reliability and validity of the BIQ was evaluated in three age groups: 4-7-year-olds, 8-11-year-olds, and 12-15-year-olds. The results indicated that the internal consistency of most BIQ scales was satisfactory in all three age groups. Principal component analysis of the BIQ yielded a six-factor model that was largely in keeping with the hypothesized structure consisting of the social and non-social components of beh... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3009239 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3009239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3001713&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19911268%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schredl M, Sartorius H Although sleep is widely investigated in children with ADHD, dream studies in this group are completely lacking. The continuity hypothesis of dreaming stating that waking life is reflected in dreams would predict that waking-life symptoms are reflected in the dreams of such children. 103 children with ADHD and 100 controls completed a dream questionnaire eliciting dream recall frequency and the most recent dream. The dreams of the children with ADHD did not show a heightened occurrence of activities but were more negatively toned and included more misfortunes/threats, negative endings, and physical aggression towards the dreamer. Dream recall frequency and general dream characteristics like dream length and dream bizarreness did not differ from children ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3001713 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3001713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895486&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19826945%26dopt%3DAbstract This study describes a first exploration of the construct of courage in youths. Children aged 8-13 years were invited to report on the most courageous action that they had ever performed during their life. In addition, the Courage Measure for Children (CM-C) was construed as an index of children's level of personal courage, and this scale was administered in two samples of school children (Ns being 168 and 159) along with a number of other questionnaires. Results indicated that children were familiar with the concept of courage as more than 70% reported to have carried out a courageous action during their life. In addition, self-reported courage as indexed by the CM-C was positively correlated with scores on a vignette measure of courage, parent ratings of children's courage, extraversion,... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895486 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2895486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895485&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19826946%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Negoro H, Sawada M, Iida J, Ota T, Tanaka S, Kishimoto T Recent developments in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have enabled non-invasive clarification of brain functions in psychiatric disorders with measurement of hemoglobin concentrations as cerebral blood volume. Twenty medication-naïve children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects participated in the present study after giving consent. The relative concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) were measured with frontal probes every 0.1 s during the Stroop color-word task, using 24-channel NIRS machines. During the Stroop color-word task, the oxy-Hb changes in the control group were significantly larger than that in the ADHD group in the inferior prefr... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895485 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2895485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2824732&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19768532%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Deault LC This review synthesizes recent research evidence regarding the parenting characteristics associated with families with children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a complex, heterogeneous disorder with a range of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to its behavioral expression and different developmental trajectories. The current review adopts a developmental psychopathology perspective to conceptualize the risk and protective factors that might shape the developmental pathways of the disorder across different domains. Following from Johnston and Mash's review (Johnston and Mash, Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 4:183-207, 2001), the present review systematically examines empirical studies from 2000-2008 that investigate parenting v... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2824732 Fri, 18 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2824732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2725411&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19697120%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boyle CL, Sanders MR, Lutzker JR, Prinz RJ, Shapiro C, Whitaker DJ A brief primary care intervention for parents of preschool-aged children with disruptive behavior was assessed using a multiple probe design. Primary Care Triple P, a four session behavioral intervention was sequentially introduced within a multiple probe format to each of 9 families to a total of 10 children aged between 3 and 7 years (males = 4, females = 6). Independent observations of parent-child interaction in the home revealed that the intervention was associated with lower levels of child disruptive behavior both in a target training setting and in various generalization settings. Parent report data also confirmed there were significant reductions in intensity and frequency of disruptive behavior, an in... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2725411 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2725411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2703398&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19680805%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alfano CA, Pina AA, Zerr AA, Villalta IK The current study examined sleep problems and pre-sleep arousal among 52 anxious children and adolescents, aged 7-14 years, in relation to age, sex, ethnicity, and primary anxiety disorder. Assessment included structured diagnostic interviews and parent and child completed measures of sleep problems and pre-sleep arousal. Overall, 85% of parents reported clinically-significant child sleep problems, whereas 54% of youth reported trouble sleeping. Young children, those with primary generalized anxiety disorder, and Latino youth experienced the greatest levels of sleep disturbance. Additionally, greater levels of pre-sleep cognitive rather than somatic arousal were found and pre-sleep thoughts were associated with decreased total sleep dur... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2703398 Wed, 12 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2703398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2700013&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19672704%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined longitudinal, person-centered trajectories of acculturation, internalizing symptoms, and self-esteem in 349 Latino adolescents. We compared acculturation measures (time in the US, culture-of-origin involvement, US cultural involvement, for both parents and adolescents); acculturation stressors (perceived discrimination, acculturation conflicts); and family dynamics (parent-adolescent conflict, familism). Results indicated that, over time, Latino adolescents' internalizing problems decreased and their self-esteem increased. However, we showed that increased length of time living in the US was significantly related to lower self-esteem among adolescents. Parent-adolescent conflict was a strong risk factor, which not only directly heightened internalizing symptoms a... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2700013 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2700013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2692158&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19669407%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Burstein M, Ginsburg GS, Petras H, Ialongo N The present study examined the developmental trajectories of youth depression and anxiety symptoms from 6th through 12th grade in a low-income, urban sample (N = 141; mean age = 11.75 years; 88.7% African American). The study also tested the independent contribution of parent mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders assessed in early childhood to initial levels and rate of change in depression and anxiety symptoms from 6th through 12th grade. Possible gender differences in symptom course and strength of parent psychopathology predictors were examined using multiple-group analysis. Results indicated that depression symptoms declined over time for males, whereas depression symptoms initially declined, but then in... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2692158 Fri, 07 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2692158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2661022&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19644751%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the concurrent and longitudinal relations among children's peer victimization, empathy, and emotional symptoms. The sample consisted of 175 children (85 girls, mean age = 6.1 years) recruited from kindergartens in Switzerland and followed for 1 year (Time 2). Parents and teachers reported on the children's emotional symptoms, empathy, and victimization. Children reported their empathy and victimization experiences. Peer victimization was a predictor of emotional symptoms at Time 1; this association was stronger for children with average or high levels of empathy. Increases in peer victimization predicted increases in boys' emotional symptoms, and increases in victimization were related to decreases in empathy. The results emphasize the role of negative peer relation... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2661022 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2661022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2654374&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19636700%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective is to examine underlying associations between childhood fears, behavior problems and neurobehavioral functioning (NBF) in school-age children. Healthy, regular school children (N = 135), from second, fourth and sixth grade classes were assessed. Data regarding children's fears and behavioral problems were obtained with the Revised Fear Survey Schedule for Children, the Child Behavior Checklist, and NBF was assessed using a computerized neurobehavioral evaluation system. Significant correlations between childhood fears and NBF measures and somatic complaints were found. Children who reported higher levels of fears demonstrated lower working memory span (r = 0.24, p < 0.05), lower motor speed (r = -0.23, p < 0.05), and had more somatic complaints (r = 0.20, p < 0.05). ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2654374 Mon, 27 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2654374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2646247&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19633951%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined emotion perception processes in preschool aged children presenting with clinically significant emotional and behavior problems, with emphasis on sadness perception accuracy (i.e., the ability to correctly identify sadness from expressive and situational cues) and anger perception bias (i.e., the tendency to perceive anger in the absence of concordant cues) as related to children's externalizing symptoms. Participants were 82 children (3-5 years of age) admitted to a psychiatric day treatment program. Children participated in a structured puppet play activity to assess emotion understanding. Mothers reported on children's externalizing symptoms and program staff reported on children's emotion regulation and negative emotional lability. Young children in this clinical sam... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2646247 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2646247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2646246&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19633952%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the efficacy of a brief 2-h discussion group for parents of preschool children that show disruptive behavior on shopping trips. Forty-six parents with children aged 2-6 years were randomly assigned to either the intervention condition or a waitlist control group. Significant intervention effects were found for measures of problem child behavior, dysfunctional parenting styles and parents' confidence in the parenting role. No group differences were found for parental adjustment or conflict over parenting. Intervention gains were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Results are discussed within a primary care and public health framework. PMID: 19633952 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development) Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2646246 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2646246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2603117&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19593639%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jacobs E, Miller LC, Tirella LG Most international adoptees (IA) have rapid catch-up of the delays common at arrival. However, it is not known whether development at arrival predicts later abilities or school readiness. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated language, fine motor, visual reception (VR), executive function (EF), attention (ATT), and sensory skills (SS) in IA preschoolers. We hypothesized that pre-adoptive risk factors, development at arrival, and the post-adoptive environment (time in day care) would predict developmental and behavioral outcomes and school readiness. 37 IA (12M:25F), currently age 4-5 years and previously seen in our clinic (mean arrival age 12 months), were evaluated with standardized tests of development, language, EF, ATT, and SS, along with... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2603117 Fri, 10 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2603117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2592252&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19590948%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brunet PM, Mondloch CJ, Schmidt LA Temperamental shyness in children is characterized by avoidance of faces and eye contact, beginning in infancy. We conducted two studies to determine whether temperamental shyness was associated with deficits in sensitivity to some cues to facial identity. In Study 1, 40 typically developing 10-year-old children made same/different judgments about pairs of faces that differed in the appearance of individual features, the shape of the external contour, or the spacing among features; their parent completed the Colorado childhood temperament inventory (CCTI). Children who scored higher on CCTI shyness made more errors than their non-shy counterparts only when discriminating faces based on the spacing of features. Differences in accuracy were not... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2592252 Thu, 09 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2592252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562953&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19568928%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Potegal M, Carlson G, Margulies D, Gutkovitch Z, Wall M Angry, agitated outbursts (AAOs) are a common precipitant of children's psychiatric hospitalization. In the hospital, AAOs present both management and diagnostic challenges, e.g., while they have recently been described as manic "rages", older studies suggest that they may be exacerbated temper tantrums. Factor analyses of 109 AAOs had by 46 hospitalized 4-12 year olds yielded 3 subsets of behaviors expressing different intensities of anger and 2 subsets expressing different intensities of distress (sadness). Cluster analysis of behavior time course supported the anger-distress distinction; the former behaviors are most probable at AAO onset and then decline while the latter are more evenly distributed across the outburst... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562953 Mon, 29 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2562953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2478018&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19513826%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jason L, Porter N, Shelleby E, Till L, Bell DS, Lapp CW, Rowe K, De Meirleir K The new diagnostic criteria for pediatric ME/CFS are structurally based on the Canadian Clinical Adult case definition, and have more required specific symptoms than the (Fukuda et al. Ann Intern Med 121:953-959, 1994) adult case definition. Physicians specializing in pediatric ME/CFS referred thirty-three pediatric patients with ME/CFS and 21 youth without the illness. Those who met ME/CFS criteria were separated into Severe and Moderate categories. Significant differences were found for symptoms within each of the six major categories: fatigue, post-exertional malaise, sleep, pain, neurocognitive difficulties, and autonomic/neuroendocrine/immune manifestations. In general, the results showed parti... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2478018 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2478018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2478019&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19504182%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines how multiple indicators of adolescent and parent acculturation relate to longitudinal trajectories of Latino adolescent aggression. The hierarchical linear modeling analysis is based on a final sample of 256 adolescents paired with one parent. Of the adolescents, 66% were born outside of the United States and the remaining 34% were US-born. Families lived in two sites: 38% lived in North Carolina and 62% lived in Arizona. The overall trajectory of Latino adolescent aggression displays a statistically significant negative trend best characterized by a quadratic curve. We delineate significant risk factors related to aggression levels, and show that gender, age, parent-reported acculturation conflicts, and adolescent-reported parent-adolescent conflicts are associated wit... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2478019 Sat, 06 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2478019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2478094&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19455416%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined whether having a depressed parent intensifies the secondary deficits that often co-occur with offspring's depression symptoms. The sample was adult offspring of parents who had been diagnosed with depression 23 years earlier (N = 143) and demographically matched nondepressed parents (N = 197). Respondents completed mailed questionnaires. After controlling for demographic factors, offspring who were more depressed experienced more impairment: physical dysfunction, pain, and disability; anxiety, smoking, and drinking-related problems; poorer social resources; negative events and severe stressors; and reliance on emotional discharge coping. Parental status (depressed or not depressed) was not directly related to offspring impairment once offspring depression symptoms were ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2478094 Wed, 20 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2478094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2478020&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19455417%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the characteristics of the SWAN Rating Scale and its discrimination of ADHD subtypes. This instrument was developed by Swanson and his colleagues and measures attentiveness and hyperactivity on a continuum, from attention problems to positive attention skills, using a seven-point scale of behaviour: "far below average" to "far above average". The Australian Twin Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Study consists of questionnaire data collected from families in 1990/2007. The Rasch model was used to measure the characteristics of items from the SWAN Rating Scale; how well these items discriminated between those with and without ADHD. The prevalence of each subtype was found to be 5.3% for inattentive ADHD, 4.3% for hyperactive ADHD and 4.6% for combined ADHD. A ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2478020 Wed, 20 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2478020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2478095&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19452274%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study of the relationship between defensive avoidance and the narrative structure of stressful memories in non-clinical adolescents, 168 high school students spoke for 10 min into a tape recorder about "your most stressful life event." Transcribed interviews were analyzed for narrative immersion, the extent to which the past is retold in chronological order, using a method adopted from Labov and Waletzky. A negative association was found between narrative immersion and avoidance (as operationalized by scores on the Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability Scale). Listening for narrative immersion in the speech of clients discussing past stressful times may therefore represent a useful tool in exploring defensive avoidance of stressful episodic memories. PMID: 19452274 [PubMed - as su... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2478095 Tue, 19 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2478095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2478096&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19449100%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated childhood cruelty to animals in Japan, Australia and Malaysia. Parents of 1,358 children between the ages of 5 and 13 years completed the Children's Attitudes and Behaviours towards Animals questionnaire (CABTA) which assesses Typical and Malicious Cruelty to animals. Analyses revealed no overall differences between children from these countries on either scale. However, younger boys were more likely to be cruel than younger girls in each country, and younger children in Australia and Japan were more likely to be cruel that older children in those countries. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research, and recommendations for future studies are suggested. PMID: 19449100 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Devel... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2478096 Sat, 16 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2478096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2478097&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19404733%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the relationship between childhood psychopathology and weight over the course of 3 years. Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles and demographic data of children (ages 8-18) with depression (n = 143) or anxiety (n = 43) were compared to healthy controls (n = 99). Both childhood depression (chi (2) = 4.6, p = 0.03) and anxiety (chi (2) = 6.0, p = 0.01) were associated with increased BMI percentiles. Compared to controls, BMI percentiles of depressed females over the course of the study differed profoundly (chi (2) = 7.0, p = 0.01) and BMI percentiles of anxious females approached significance (chi (2) = 3.7, p = 0.06). Males with anxiety showed a greater trend towards overweight (chi (2) = 3.3, p = 0.07) in comparison to controls. The major finding that depression and anx... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2478097 Wed, 29 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2478097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2478098&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19381800%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluates the relationships among personality symptoms, self-esteem and psychopathology in 60 child psychiatric patients (M (age) = 10.6) using principal component analysis (PCA) to aggregate data from multiple informants and compares this strategy with a single informant approach. When predictor and criterion measures were rated by a single informant, strong and differential relationships between personality symptoms, self-esteem and psychopathology are found. When multiple informant data were combined into composite scores by PCA, correlations decreased but remained significant. Hierarchical regression analyses affirm the robustness of the following pattern: Emotional Instability, Introversion and Global Self-Esteem are associated with internalizing whereas Disagreeableness an... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2478098 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2478098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2478099&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19373551%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Salmon K, Dadds MR, Allen J, Hawes DJ To assess the effectiveness of providing training in elaborative, emotion rich reminiscing (emotional reminiscing, ER) as an adjunct to Parent Management Training (PMT) for parents of children (N = 38, M age = 56.9, SD = 15.8 months) with oppositional behaviors. Control parents received PMT and non-language adjunct intervention, child-directed play. All components of the intervention were manualized. Parents in both conditions received training in an abbreviated course of PMT. Parents in the ER condition additionally received brief training in discussing everyday past events with their child incorporating emotion labels and causes, "wh" questions, and detailed descriptive information. Parents in the control condition received training in a... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2478099 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2478099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2299080&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19326209%26dopt%3DAbstract This report describes the development and psychometric properties of the Children's Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (C-FOCI). Designed specifically as a brief measure for assessing obsessive-compulsive symptoms, the C-FOCI was created for use in both clinical and community settings. Study 1 included 82 children and adolescents diagnosed with primary Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and their parents. The Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) was administered to assess symptom severity. Thereafter, parents completed the Child Obsessive-Compulsive Impact Scale-Parent Version and Child Behavior Checklist, and youth completed the C-FOCI, Child Obsessive-Compulsive Impact Scale-Child Version, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and Children's Depression Invent... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2299080 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2299080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2299078&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19326210%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saylor CF, Macias M, Wohlfeiler M, Morgan L, Awkerman NG A series of studies of potentially-traumatic life-events (PTLE) in children and youth with special needs (CSN) was conducted after parents of 102 CSN from interdisciplinary pediatric clinics listed PTLE at significantly higher rates on the Pediatric Emotional Distress Scale (PEDS) compared to parents 58 students with no diagnoses. Subsequent studies replicated this disparity in 213 5-15 year-olds sampled through school-distributed parent PTLE checklists instead of PEDS. Results from school samples suggested significantly more PTLE in CSN, t (211) = -3.39, p < .001. In both studies some of PTLE reported significantly more in CSN were potentially related to the special needs of the child (e.g., hospitalizations, school ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2299078 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2299078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2284688&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19296214%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fite PJ, Stoppelbein L, Greening L, Gaertner AE The current study provided further validity for the use of a measure of proactive and reactive aggression that was first developed by Little and his colleagues. Confirmatory factor analyses performed with a high-risk clinical population (N = 107) revealed that the model was a good fit to the data. Structural equation models revealed significant associations in the expected direction between the Little et al. measure and another measure of proactive and reactive aggression developed by Dodge and Coie. Further analyses revealed that the proactive aggression subscales of the Little et al. and Dodge and Coie measures were significantly related to conduct problems. However, the reactive aggression subscale of the Little et al. measure... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2284688 Thu, 19 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2284688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2260509&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19280336%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schredl M, Fricke-Oerkermann L, Mitschke A, Wiater A, Lehmkuhl G Nightmares are defined as dreams with strong negative emotions which awaken the dreamer and are common during childhood: cross-sectional data shows the highest prevalence rates between the ages of five and ten. The present longitudinal study was designed to study the stability of nightmares over the course of 2 years. Sleep questionnaires and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires were completed by 851 10-years-old children and their parents, separately. In the total sample, nightmares occurred often in 2.5% (parental estimates) to 3.5% (self estimates of the children). The findings indicate that nightmare stability is considerably high, i.e., nightmare occurrence was predicted by the prevalence the year befor... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2260509 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2260509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2260506&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19280337%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheron DM, Ehrenreich JT, Pincus DB This investigation seeks to establish the psychometric properties of an adapted measure of experiential avoidance (EA) in the parenting context by assessing its relation to other parenting constructs and psychosocial correlates of child anxiety in a clinical sample. Participants were 154 children (90 female, 64 male) diagnosed with anxiety disorders and their parents (148 mothers, 119 fathers). The newly developed Parental Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (PAAQ) was administered to parents along with self-report measures of adult experiential avoidance, parental psychopathology, affective expression, and parental control behaviors. A subsample of participants, n = 35, were re-administered the PAAQ to assess temporal stability. Factor anal... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2260506 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2260506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2260503&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19280338%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ledda MG, Fratta AL, Pintor M, Zuddas A, Cianchetti C A comparison of clinical features and adult outcome in adolescents with three types of psychotic disorders: schizophrenic (SPh), schizoaffective (SA) and bipolar with psychotic features (BPP). Subjects (n = 41) were finally diagnosed (DSM-IV criteria) with SPh (n = 17), SA (n = 11) or BPP (n = 13). Clinical evaluation took place at onset and at a 3-year follow-up in all 41, and at least after 5 years in 36 patients. Symptoms were rated on the basis of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), integrating items from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). The Children Global Assessment... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2260503 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2260503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2260500&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19280339%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alloway TP, Gathercole SE, Holmes J, Place M, Elliott JG, Hilton K The present study investigated whether children with ADHD and those with working memory impairments have a common behavioral profile in the classroom. Three teacher checklists were used: the Conners' teacher rating scale (CTRS), the behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF), and the working memory rating scale. The Conners' continuous performance test (CPT) was also included to determine whether there is a correspondence between performance on this widely used cognitive measure of attention deficits and teacher ratings of classroom behavior. All three behavior scales, but not the CPT, were able to successfully discriminate children with ADHD and those with working memory deficits from typically-de... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2260500 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2260500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2205311&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19229606%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hughes AA, Furr JM, Sood ED, Barmish AJ, Kendall PC Examined the prevalence of anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in the parents of anxiety disordered (AD) children relative to children with no psychological disorder (NPD). The specificity of relationships between child and parent anxiety disorders was also investigated. Results revealed higher prevalence rates of anxiety disorders in parents of AD children relative to NPD children. Specific child-mother relationships were found between child separation anxiety and panic disorder and maternal panic disorder, as were child and maternal social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, and specific phobias. Findings are discussed with reference to theory, clinical implications, and future research needs. PMID: 19229606 [... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2205311 Fri, 20 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2205311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141444&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19172393%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Bolle M, De Clercq B, Van Leeuwen K, Decuyper M, Rosseel Y, De Fruyt F The present study investigates five types of continuity of personality and internalizing and externalizing problems (i.e., structural, differential, mean-level, individual-level and ipsative continuity) in a sample of referred children and adolescents (N = 114) with a broad variety of psychological problems. Mothers were administered a child personality and psychopathology measure, i.e., the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children [Handleiding hiërarchische persoonlijkheidsvragenlijst voor kinderen (manual hierarchical personality inventory for children). Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent, 2005] and the Child Behavior Checklist [Handleid... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141444 Sun, 25 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2141444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2137718&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19169810%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to test a mediator model based on the Risk and Resistance model to explore the role of intrapersonal characteristics and stress processing variables in psychosocial functioning. Participants were 44 adolescents with SCD, 15 healthy siblings, and 43 primary caregivers, recruited from an East Coast comprehensive sickle cell center. The participants completed paper and pencil measures of resilience factors (attributional style, hope, coping) and internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety). Internalizing symptoms among adolescents with SCD and healthy siblings did not differ and were within non-clinical ranges. Self-esteem of adolescents with SCD was correlated with less depression and anxiety and sense of inadequacy was associated with poorer functioning. There were no findi... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2137718 Sat, 24 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2137718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2131383&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19165591%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion Results suggest that the FACI is a promising measure of family anxiety constructs that may be useful in both research and clinical settings. PMID: 19165591 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development) Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2131383 Fri, 23 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2131383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2131382&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19165592%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion FCBT may yield a stronger treatment effect than CCBT that lasts for at least 1 year, although the lack of consistency across informants necessitates a circumspect view of the findings. The potential moderating and mediating effects considered in this study offer interesting avenues for further study. PMID: 19165592 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development) Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2131382 Fri, 23 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2131382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2131381&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19165593%26dopt%3DAbstract This study represents an important first step toward establishing more comprehensive age, race, and gender norms for the MASC. PMID: 19165593 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development) Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2131381 Fri, 23 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2131381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2131380&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19165594%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gartstein MA, Peleg Y, Young BN, Slobodskaya HR The present study addresses cross-cultural differences between infants born to families of Russian immigrants in USA and Israel, as well as Russian families residing in Russia, with the emphasis on evaluating the impact of immigration and acculturation. Community samples of primary caregivers of infants between 3 and 12 months of age were recruited and asked to complete temperament (IBQ-R) and acculturation (SAM) questionnaires. Results support our hypotheses that cultural influences contribute to shaping infant temperament, in so far as differences between the samples of infants were found in Perceptual Sensitivity and Low Intensity Pleasure domains of temperament. Although, a number of temperament scales did not significantly c... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2131380 Fri, 23 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2131380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2107808&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19142724%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children (PANAS-C) (Laurent et al. Psychol Asses 1: 326-338, 1999) in a sample of 139 children (ages 7-14 years) diagnosed with a principal anxiety disorder. Results from this study provided support for the convergent validity of the PANAS-C with established measures of childhood anxiety and depression. As predicted, negative affect was significantly associated with measures of anxiety and depression whereas positive affect was associated with depression. However, weaknesses in discriminant validity were found, most notably with regard to social anxiety. Consistent with previous research, social anxiety was significantly associated with low levels of positive affect (PA). Furthermore, results ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2107808 Wed, 14 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2107808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2107807&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19142725%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions In this non-clinical sample of preschool age children, parental reports of clinical ADHD profiles were significantly associated with parental reports of sleep problems but not with actigraphically recorded sleep-wake data. PMID: 19142725 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development) Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2107807 Wed, 14 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2107807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1999180&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19039661%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Da Fonseca D, Cury F, Santos A, Payen V, Bounoua L, Brisswalter J, Rufo M, Poinso F, Deruelle C The aim of this study was to determine whether depression can explain the negative relationship between academic performance and the belief that intelligence is a fixed trait, i.e., entity belief. A sample of 353 French volunteer adolescents (age 11-16) completed questionnaires assessing entity theory and depressive symptoms (Children Depression Inventory: CDI). Academic performance was assessed by math performance while controlling for baseline level of math ability. Results of this study revealed that entity theory is a significant negative predictor of academic performance and a significant positive predictor of depression. Importantly, our findings also show that depression play... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1999180 Fri, 28 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1999180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1999179&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19039662%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined whether specific emotion-related constructs may be uniquely related to anxious or depressive symptoms in youth. Although anxiety and depression are comorbid in both youth and adult populations, delineation of these disorders is a worthwhile endeavor given that such differentiation may lead to a clearer conceptualization of the disorders that in turn may facilitate more efficient diagnosis and effective treatment. Children in the 4th and 5th grades (N = 187; M age = 10 years, 3 months) completed measures to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression and emotion-related functioning. Using structural equation modeling, emotion-related variables were identified that were common to both anxiety and depression (poor emotion awareness, emotion dysregulation, poor emotion regula... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1999179 Fri, 28 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1999179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1934116&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18982443%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined whether (1) parents of anxiety-disordered (AD) children differed from those of non-clinical controls in their childrearing style, and whether (2) the child-rearing style of parents towards AD children is different from that towards their siblings. A clinical sample of 25 AD children, age range 8-13 years, was compared with 25 siblings and a non-clinical control group (n = 25). Childrearing was assessed by means of parental self-report, child report and through an expressed emotion interview measure. AD children perceived more parental rejection than non-clinical control children or the AD children's siblings. High-expressed emotion was scored significantly more often towards AD children than non-clinical control children, or their siblings. On [Symbol: see text]care' an... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1934116 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1934116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1802824&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18792777%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Warden D Heart rate (HR) was employed to compare vicarious affective arousal across three groups of children (aged 7.6 - 11, N = 95): Conduct Disordered (CD) elevated on Callous-Unemotional traits (CD/CU), CD low on CU traits (CD-only), and [Symbol: see text]typically-developing' controls, matched in age, gender and socioeconomic background. While watching an emotion evocative film, participants' HR was monitored. Immediately after viewing, self-reported vicarious responses were obtained. Participants also completed the Bryant Empathy Index. CD/CU children displayed lower magnitude of HR change than both CD-only and controls. Both CD groups reported fewer vicarious responses and scored lower than controls on the empathy index. These results sup... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1802824 Tue, 16 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1802824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1788797&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18784912%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Berman SL, Weems CF, Petkus VF This paper examines the expression, prevalence, and incremental validity of identity problem symptoms in adolescence. A sample of high school students (N = 140) aged 15-18 completed measures of identity problem symptoms, identity status, and psychological symptom severity. Findings suggested that 14.3% would meet DSM IV criteria for identity problem. Identity problem symptoms predicted psychological symptom scores beyond identity status, and identity status accounted for substantially less variance in psychological symptom severity when controlling for identity problem symptoms. Additional research on the relationship between identity problems and psychological adjustment is needed and greater attention to the role of identity issues in clinical ... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1788797 Thu, 11 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1788797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1782759&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18780179%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang J, Zhou S, Yao S, Su L, McWhinnie C To explore the relationship between theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF) in a sample of individuals from mainland China, 20 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), 26 children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and 30 normal control subjects were compared on two batteries of ToM tasks and EF tasks. Children with ASD had a significant theory of mind impairment relative to the other controls, while non-verbal IQ removed group differences in executive function. ToM was significantly correlated with inhibitory control. Performance on inhibitory control tasks, however, did not affect performance on ToM tasks. PMID: 18780179 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Devel... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1782759 Tue, 09 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1782759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1782758&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18780180%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions, treatment implications, limitations, and future areas of research are discussed. PMID: 18780180 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development) Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1782758 Tue, 09 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1782758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1709374&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18704679%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Postert C, Averbeck-Holocher M, Beyer T, Müller J, Furniss T DSM-IV and ICD-10 have limitations in the diagnostic classification of psychiatric disorders at preschool age (0-5 years). The publication of the Diagnostic Classification 0-3 (DC:0-3) in 1994, its basically revised second edition (DC:0-3R) in 2005 and the Research Diagnostic Criteria--Preschool Age (RDC-PA) in 2004 have provided several modifications of these manuals. Taking into account the growing empirical evidence highlighting the need for a diagnostic classification system for psychiatric disorders in preschool children, the main categorical classification systems in preschool psychiatry will be presented and discussed. The paper will focus on issues of validity, usefulness and reliability in DSM-IV, ICD-1... Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1709374 Thu, 14 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1709374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1668556&cid=s_36954_144_f&fid=36954&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18663569%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion AFD processes were associated with the mental health of students and the functioning of their families. These findings highlight potential foci to address in prevention and intervention programs, such as improving communication and teaching families how to negotiate cultural value differences. PMID: 18663569 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development) Child Psychiatry and Human Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1668556 Tue, 29 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1668556