MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Clinical Anatomy' source. Wed, 01 Feb 2012 04:49:40 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645081&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22041 We report the case of a 2‐week‐old girl born at term (by vaginal delivery and without antenatal or perinatal events) who was referred as having “bilateral talipes and bilateral proximal symphalangism of little and ring fingers.” The “talipes” was atypical with marked equinus and varus, but no cavus or adductus of the midfoot. Her mother had both symphalangism (absence of proximal interphalangeal joints) of middle, ring, and little fingers bilaterally and fixed pes planus with a rigid fixed hindfoot—and these deformities had also been present from birth. The maternal grandmother was similarly affected. However, the neonatal subject has an unaffected older sibling; maternal siblings are also unaffected. The three affected people did not have other obvious musculoskeletal abnorm... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645081 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645080&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22033 AbstractJacob Winslow was a Dutch born, French naturalized anatomist and physician whose contributions to medicine are abundant. His importance to medicine is undisputed. His personal life included a religious crisis that resulted in his estrangement from his family, but afforded him patrons in Paris to continue his work. Following this conversion, he changed his name to that of his catechist and was rechristened Jacques Benigne Wilson. His respect as an expert was well deserved, and he held several prominent positions during his career in Paris. His main work, Exposition anatomique de la structure du corps humain, was published in 1732 and is considered the first purely anatomical treatise. This review highlights his contributions to anatomy and medicine through the course of his career. ... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645080 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645079&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22032 AbstractThe safe and successful performance of pericardiocentesis demands a working and specific knowledge of anatomy. Misunderstanding of anatomy may result in failure or serious complications. This review attempts to aid understanding of the anatomical framework, pitfalls, and complications of pericardiocentesis. Pericardiocentesis is carried out for aspiration of blood from the pericardial cavity in cases of cardiac tamponade and symptomatic pericardial effusion. In addition, this technique may be used for the diagnosis of neoplastic effusions, purulent pericarditis, and introduction of cytotoxic agents into the pericardial space. Most complications of the procedure are due to the needle penetrating the heart and surrounding structures such a coronary arteries, lungs, stomach, colon, an... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645079 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5626197&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22036 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5626197 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5626197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5626196&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22031 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5626196 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5626196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5626195&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22030 This study showed that the level of bifurcation of the aorta and the level of confluence of the IVC may vary with the variations of the LLA. Clin. Anat. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5626195 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5626195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5626200&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22034 AbstractWe undertook a review of the anatomical changes of “choke” vessels between the internal thoracic artery (ITA) and deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA), as highlighted by a case of aortoiliac occlusive disease (Leriche's syndrome), and discuss the physiological concepts observed with regard to surgical delay procedures within the abdominal wall performed prior to abdominal cutaneous free flaps and coronary artery bypass grafting. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was undertaken on a patient with a rare case of Leriche's syndrome and a literature review of over 200 references on the anatomy, physiology and clinical uses of choke vessels in the abdominal wall was undertaken. The CTA demonstrated that in patients with Leriche's syndrome, there is a marked dilatation of all I... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5626200 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5626200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5626199&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22028 AbstractUnilateral variations in the formation of the median nerve, with the presence of the third head of the biceps brachii entrapping the nerve are very rare. These variations were observed on the right side, of a 30‐year‐old male cadaver during routine dissection at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi. The median nerve was formed by the union of three contributions; two from the lateral cord and one from the medial cord. An additional head of the biceps brachii looped over the formed median nerve. On the left side, the median nerve was formed classically by single contributions from the medial and the lateral cords. These variations are clinically important because symptoms of high median nerve compression arising from similar formations are often confused with m... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5626199 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5626199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5626198&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22027 AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the morphological differences of infrarenal aortic aneurysms and common iliac arteries that are important for endovascular management between patients of different body mass index using 64 slice multidetector row CT aortography. This was a multicenter study of 100 patients (50 Europeans and 50 Japanese). All patients had risk factors, manifest symptoms, and ultrasound verified aneurysmal dilation of the infrarenal aorta. All examinations were performed on the same CT platform using the same post‐processing protocols. Due to the heterogeneity of the population, several statistical models were used. Significant differences were found in morphological parameters of infrarenal aorta in relation to BMI. In over one out of three patients with BMI les... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5626198 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5626198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570492&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22000 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570492 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5570492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570491&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21278 This article reviews the topic of medial plica syndrome. Clin. Anat., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570491 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5570491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570490&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22021 In this study, we did macroscopic evaluations of the ligaments, the intra‐articular disc, and the articulating surfaces of 25 SC joints. After removal of the joint capsule, the articulating surfaces of the sternal end of clavicle and the sternum were evaluated and the intra‐articular disc was macroscopically examined. The anterior SC ligament covered the intra‐articular disc, which divided the joint into a clavicular and a sternal part. A thin capsule, relatively lateral and medial from the anterior SC ligament, covered the two intra‐articular parts. This means that the anterior SC ligament can be used as a landmark to enter into clavicular or sternal part of the SC joint. Posteriorly, there was a thick capsule without soft‐spot or clear posterior SC ligament. Only the antero‐i... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570490 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5570490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570489&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22003 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570489 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5570489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645078&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22029 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645078 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5626194&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22022 AbstractIn this educational article, we aim to provide a literature review on laparoscopic anatomy of the inguinal region. We share the lessons learnt from the 1,194 laparoscopic hernia operations we have performed in 16 years of experience, trying to provide an anatomical and physiological basis for surgeons. The current study reports a personal experience with a transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) hernioplasty procedure. A literature review using the keywords “hernia,” “laparoscopic approach,” and “hernia repair” was performed using the electronic biomedical database PubMed, Medline Extra, Embase, Biosis, Science Citation Index, Ovid and text books. Between January 1994 and December 2010, a total of 1,194 patients, males and females (average age, 56.7 years), underwent laparo... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5626194 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5626194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570488&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21300 This report describes an unusual case of anteroposterior bifid condyle in a 39‐year‐old female patient with the main complaint of mouth‐opening limitation and a deviation of the mandible to the left side. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings revealed a bifid condyle on the left side and duplicated mandibular fossa, with the articular disc over the anterior head. The MRI images in the open‐mouth position revealed minimal movement of the condyle. Despite the increased number of mediolateral bifid mandibular condyle cases described in the literature, none of previously reported cases of BMC included an anteroposterior bifid condyle case with two distinct mandibular fossa. Clin. Anat., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570488 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5570488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5521944&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22012 AbstractNo absract. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5521944 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 00:48:55 +0100 5521944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5521947&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22025 AbstractThe central myelin–peripheral myelin transitional zone, also referred to as the “Obersteiner–Redlich zone (ORZ)” or “glial/Schwann junction” of the nervus intermedius, is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of nervus intermedius neuralgia (NIN). To evaluate the location and histological features of the ORZ of the nervus intermedius (NI), 10 NI specimens from five fresh cadavers were microscopically analyzed for structural differences between their central and peripheral myelin segments. The ORZ was analyzed under a light microscope, and the exact location of the ORZ was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining using an oligodendroglial antibody. The total diameter of the NI showed a mean of 0.62 mm. The cisternal segment of the NI from the brain stem to the p... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5521947 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5521947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5521946&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22023 AbstractNo absract. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5521946 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5521946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5521945&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22020 AbstractAlthough the fetal development of the craniovertebral junction has long been of major interest to embryologists from the viewpoint of segmentation, development of the associated ligaments has received scant attention. Using semiserial horizontal sections from 18 embryos and fetuses (six embryos with a crown‐rump length (CRL) of 20–26 mm or ∼6–7 weeks of gestation; five fetuses with a CRL of 32–58 mm or 8–9 weeks; seven fetuses with a CRL of 90–115 mm or 14–15 weeks) without any abnormalities of cartilage configuration such as atlas assimilation, we studied the ligamentous structures along and around the odontoid process of the axis. The transverse atlantis and alar ligaments originated from a common mesenchymal condensation possibly corresponding to the proatlas seg... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5521945 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5521945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513603&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22019 This article will focus upon the reconstructive and rehabilitative options for mandibular defects following treatment for head and neck tumors. Clin. Anat. 25:108–119, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513603 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 01:15:41 +0100 5513603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513602&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22009 AbstractExtensive attention has been directed to lymphedema involving the extremities. However, there has been relatively limited study of the cutaneous lymphatics of the head and neck. In this review of head and neck lymphatics, we capsulize the history of the lymphatics, the anatomy of the cutaneous lymphatics, lymphatic function and physiology, and imaging modalities used to define this intricate vascular system. To appreciate the clinical challenges associated with head and neck lymphatic dysfunction, we also provide an overview of disease processes of the cutaneous lymphatics and their treatment, theories on the etiology of lymphedema, and future directions to better understand lymphatic function and disease. Knowledge of the cutaneous lymphatics of the head and neck are critical to t... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513602 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 01:15:37 +0100 5513602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513601&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22007 We describe the history and background of these political, religious, and philosophical factors. Next, we present a translation of the original texts, describing the establishment of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. We place these translations into historical context and comment on their naming propriety. Initially we translate the works of the 15th century anatomists. Next, we look at the discovery and description of the submandibular gland's duct by Thomas Wharton (1614–1673) in his landmark book, Adenographia sive glandularum totius corporis descriptio (Adenographia or the description of the glands of the entire body) (1656). Next, the somewhat unexpected discovery of the duct of the parotid gland by Nicholas Stenson (1638–1686) and his publication, De glandulis ori... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513601 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 01:15:29 +0100 5513601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502587&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22017 This study shows that distal bifurcation of the EDM tendon may lead to tendon impingement on the septum and suggests that this is a potential etiology of chronic tenosynovitis of the fifth compartment and of acute closed tendon injuries. Clin. Anat. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502587 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5502587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502586&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22015 AbstractThe association between the laryngeal saccule and a laryngocele is an important clinical relationship. Here, we describe this and other clinical correlations of the saccule including infection and carcinoma and suggest that these should be discussed in medical gross anatomy courses. We also briefly present some descriptive information on the anatomy and function of the saccule in humans and other higher primates. Clin. Anat. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502586 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5502586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5466762&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22016 This article will discuss the relevant anatomy, operative goals, robotic technique, and clinical considerations of robotic thyroid surgery. Clin. Anat., 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5466762 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5466762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5466761&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22014 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5466761 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5466761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5466760&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22013 This study was designed to elucidate the detailed anatomy of the capsulopalpebral fascia (CPF) and capsulopalpebral head (CPH), and their relationships to the inferior rectus muscle (IRM). In this cohort study, 40 eyes from 20 cadavers were observed macroscopically. Dissection was carried out from the CPF origin to its insertion, and the CPF origin pattern was photographed in each specimen. The width, length, and tensile strength of the CPF were measured. The CPF originated 25.07 ± 1.07 mm laterally and 24.86 ± 1.10 mm medially from the origin of the IRM and extended to the lower border of the inferior oblique muscle, and it firmly adhered to the IRM surface and formed into the CPH. The CPH was 4.31 ± 0.86 mm laterally and 6.18 ± 1.94 mm medially in length and 7.47 ± 0.81 mm in width.... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5466760 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5466760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438870&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22010 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438870 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438869&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22008 This article will discuss the relevant anatomy, operative goals, robotic technique, and clinical considerations of transoral robotic surgery of the oropharynx. Clin. Anat., 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438869 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438868&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22005 AbstractApproximately one‐third of all injuries of the upper limb and 7% of all injuries in skiing affect the ulnar collateral ligaments of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint (skier's thumb). In some patients the collateral ligaments are displaced proximally over the adductor aponeurosis, resulting in a so‐called Stener lesion. In these cases surgical treatment is indicated. We hypothesized that a Stener lesion could be provoked by clinical stability testing in patients with a skiers thumb and performed a cadaveric study on 10 Thiel fixated cadaver hands. For clinical stability testing, the thumb was manually deviated in radial direction in both 30° flexion and extension of the MP‐joint. It was performed with maximum strength by two hand surgeons after sequential detachment of the ... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438868 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438866&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22004 AbstractThe hip abductor muscles have the capability to contribute to numerous actions, including pelvic stabilization during gait, and abduction and rotation at the hip joint. To fully understand the role of these muscles, as well as their involvement in hip joint dysfunction, knowledge of their anatomical structure is essential. The clinical literature suggests anatomical diversity within these muscles, and that gluteus medius (GMed) and gluteus minimus (GMin), in particular, may be comprised of compartments. This systematic review of the English literature focuses on the gross anatomy of GMed, GMin, and tensor fascia lata (TFL) muscles. Although studies of this muscle group have generated useful descriptions, comparison of results is hindered by methodological limitations. Furthermore, ... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438866 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438865&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22002 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438865 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438864&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22001 AbstractThis anatomical and biomechanical study focuses on the specific influence of the long head of biceps brachii muscle in controlling axial humeral rotation. The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii (biceps tendon) is shown to either facilitate or restrict axial humeral rotation. Its effect on axial humeral rotation is strongly related to firstly the amount of biceps tendon load, secondly glenohumeral scapular plane elevation, and thirdly the rotatory position of the humerus. At 0° glenohumeral elevation, biceps tendon load caused an increase of internal humeral rotation, from 0° at 2.25 N biceps tendon load to 23° at 82.25 N. Under 45° glenohumeral elevation, biceps tendon load can restrict and facilitate as well internal and external axial humeral rotation, increasing t... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438864 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438863&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21299 We examined 100 formalin‐fixed human hearts. In no heart did we find any discrete tubercle or elevation of the right atrial wall superior to the superior limbus (rim) of the fossa ovalis. In addition, we could find no morphometric differences in the thickness of the area superior to the superior limbus of the fossa. Dissections revealed that very little of the extensive musculature can be removed without opening the right atrial wall and arriving outside the heart. This is the essential criterion in distinguishing folds from “true” septal structures. When viewed in this light, it is only the flap valve of the fossa ovalis, and its immediate muscular infero‐anterior rim, the so‐called lower limbus, that can be removed so as to create communications between the cavities of the atri... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438863 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502585&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22011 This study aimed to examine the incidence and contribution to the innervation of the larynx from Galen's “Anastomosis” (GA), which is the direct connection between the dorsal branches of the internal laryngeal nerve (ILN) and the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Fifty adult laryngeal specimens were micro‐dissected. The diameter of the ILN and RLN were measured immediately after each had given off their muscular branches to form GA. The incidence of GA was 81%. The average diameter of the ILN after giving off muscular branches to form GA was 1.28 mm (right) and 1.27 mm (left) while the average diameter of the RLN after giving off muscular branches to form GA was 0.65 mm (right) and 0.68 mm (left). The weighted mean incidence of GA (77.3%) calculated from a review of the literature con... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502585 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5502585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5474554&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21298 AbstractThe lateral pterygoid (LP) has been implicated in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology. Few studies have examined muscle architecture of the superior (SLP) and inferior (ILP) heads of LP; moreover, the pattern of intramuscular innervation is poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to determine patterns of intramuscular innervation of LP using 3D modeling. The superior and lateral aspects of LP were exposed in 10 embalmed cadaveric specimens. Nerves entering the muscle, all branches of the mandibular nerve (V3), were followed intramuscularly in short segments and sequentially digitized. Muscle volume, surrounding bone, and the TMJ disc were also digitized. The data were reconstructed into 3D models (Maya®) that were used to determine patterns of intramuscular innervation. ... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5474554 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5474554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5466759&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.22006 AbstractIn recent years, endoscopic endonasal techniques have been applied to the treatment of sinonasal malignancies. Comprehensive anatomical knowledge is essential to preserve oncological principles and minimize surgical morbidity. The bones that form the anterior cranial base are pneumatized and the sinuses provide surgical corridors for the endoscopic endonasal approach to the skull base. During endoscopic endonasal resection of sinonasal malignancies, usually, the intranasal portion of the tumor is first debulked to provide visualization of the margins and assess the extent of the tumor. Afterwards the tumor is completely removed and the margins of resection are defined. In case of dural resection, the reconstruction is done with vascularized tissue (septal flap or pericranial flap).... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5466759 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5466759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5455219&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21301 AbstractThe pectoral nerves (PNs) may be selectively injured through various traumatic mechanisms such as direct trauma, hypertrophic muscle compression, and iatrogenic injuries (breast surgery and axillary node dissection, pectoralis major muscle transfers). The PN may be surgically recovered through nerve transfers. They may also be used as donors to the musculocutaneous, axillary, long thoracic, and spinal accessory nerves and for reinnervation of myocutaneous free flaps. Thus, in this article, we reviewed the surgical anatomy of PN. A meta‐analysis of the available literature showed that the lateral pectoral nerve (LPN) arises most frequently with two branches from the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks (33.8%) or as a single root from the lateral cord (23.4%). The med... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5455219 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5455219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438862&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21297 AbstractThe meniscofemoral ligaments (MFLs) run from the medial femoral condyle to the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and consist of anterior MFL (aMFL) and/or posterior MFL (pMFL) components according to whether it passes anterior or posterior to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence and morphologic features of the MFLs in Koreans and formulate an anatomic classification system of MFLs to aid the detailed interpretation of medical imaging or biomechanical data. One hundred knees from 52 cadavers were studied. Eighty‐seven knees had pMFLs, whereas an aMFL was only found in one knee from a male cadaver. The pMFLs and PCLs were longer in males than in females (P < 0.05). The most common type of MFL was the high crossing of ... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438862 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5438862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356886&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21293 AbstractHans Elias (1907 to 1985) was an anatomist, an educator, a mathematician, a cinematographer, a painter, and a sculptor. Above all, he was a German of Jewish descent, who had to leave his home country because of the policies of the National Socialist (NS) regime. He spent his life in exile, first in Italy and then in the United States. His biography is exemplary for a generation of younger expatriates from National Socialist Germany who had to find a new professional career under difficult circumstances. Elias was a greatly productive morphologist whose artistic talent led to the foundation of the new science of stereology and made him an expert in scientific cinematography. He struggled hard to fulfill his own high expectations of himself in terms of his effectiveness as a scientis... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356886 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 20:23:42 +0100 5356886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356889&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21296 This study was conducted to examine the accessory head of flexor pollicis longus muscle (ahFPL) and its relation with the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) in human fetuses and adult cadavers. Ninety fetus forearms and 52 adult cadaver forearms were dissected to evaluate the incidence, morphology, and innervation of the ahFPL. The ahFPL was observed in 29/90 (32%) of the fetus forearms and 20/52 (39%) of the adult cadaver forearms. The overall side incidence was 34.5% (49/142) among total forearms examined. On the other hand, the population incidence of ahFPL was 42% (19/45) in fetuses while it was 50% (12/24) in adult cadavers. So, the overall incidence in humans was 44.9% (31/69) in the population studied. Compression of the AIN in the forearm by the ahFPL is known as one of the causes o... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356889 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356888&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21295 AbstractThe nose is the central feature that defines one's face. Acquired nasal defects arise from a variety of pathologic and traumatic etiologies and reconstructive surgeons may be called upon to restore form and function when the nose has been altered in some way. Nasal reconstruction is one of the most challenging and rewarding procedures performed by the plastic surgeon. A detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the nose – the lining, support and cover – is essential in designing the reconstructive effort. Surgical planning involves, first, identifying the extent of the acquired defect, followed by the application of an intricate knowledge of the tissues that will provide a functional and aesthetically pleasing yet durable reconstruction. In this article, the reader will find a descr... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356888 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356887&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21294 AbstractThe ascending branch of the right inferior phrenic artery is generally understood to pass to the lateral side of the vena caval foramen, on the inferior surface of the diaphragm. A study of 16 cadavers shows that the artery may pass through the vena caval foramen to run on the superior surface of the diaphragm, before returning to the inferior surface by passing through the muscle of the diaphragm. Clin. Anat. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356887 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356890&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21291 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356890 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344928&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21285 We report the case of a 30‐year‐old right‐handed woman who presented with loss of sensation in the left forearm after donating blood at a transfusion centre. This was due to an injury of the LCN. After 3, 18 and 36 months of follow‐up, the sensory deficit had only improved minimally. The lack of recovery of the sensation after 36 months indicates a permanent nerve injury such as neurotmesis rather than neurapraxia of the LCN. A thorough knowledge of the clinical anatomy of the MCV and the LCN, which is highlighted, is essential in preventing venepuncture‐associated nerve injury. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344928 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 23:05:25 +0100 5344928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344932&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21290 This report provides evidence to suggest that indirect trauma from torsion can link concomitant ankle injury and fibular nerve palsy (foot drop) and fibular intraneural ganglion cysts. We present two cases to illustrate different potential mechanisms. One patient sustained an ankle ligamentous injury which was translated through the interosseous membrane (IOM) to the proximal leg region, affecting the STFJ and the fibular nerve (ascending pathway). The second patient had blunt injury to the popliteal fossa in combination with a twisting injury to the leg. In this latter case we offer two plausible explanations: (1) combined knee and ankle injury resulting in an ascending pathway mechanism; and (2) a knee injury which disrupted the STFJ, resulting in a translational force down the leg (desc... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344932 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344931&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21288 AbstractThe fetal gallbladder (GB) is embedded in a deep fossa surrounded by the liver parenchyma. Using 15 specimens with intrahepatic GB (crown–rump length 45–92 mm; approximately 9–13 weeks of gestation), we assessed the fetal topographical anatomy of the hepatocystic triangle and the porta hepatis. The cystic duct displayed a long upward course (0.9–4.5 mm along the supero‐inferior axis) from the GB, along the duodenum, to the common bile duct in the hepatoduodenal ligament, via an independent mesentery separated from liver parenchyma by a recess of the peritoneal cavity. Notably, the course varied in length among specimens, not among stages. At the porta hepatis, we were able to distinguish the supraportal course of the posterior right hepatic duct overriding a portal vein b... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344931 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344930&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21287 AbstractThe anatomical variations of the brachial plexus in humans have clinical significance for surgeons, radiologists, and anatomists. In a study of 60 brachial plexuses, four trunked brachial plexuses were encountered in three limbs (two female and one male), all of them being post fixed and on left side of cadavers. The third trunk in all these limbs gave rise to two anterior divisions (upper and lower) and one posterior division. In two limbs belonging to the female sex, the upper anterior division joined with the anterior division of the second trunk to form the lateral cord while its lower anterior division joined with the anterior division of the fourth trunk to form the medial cord. In the sole male limb, along with the third trunk, the fourth trunk also divided into upper and lo... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344930 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344929&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21286 AbstractFacial nerve paralysis can occasionally result from the treatment of head and neck cancer. The treatment of paralysis is patient specific, and requires an assessment of the remaining nerve segments, musculature, functional deficits, anticipated recovery, and patient factors. When feasible, reinnervation of the remaining musculature can provide the most natural outcome. However, the complex and topographic nature of facial innervation often prevents complete and meaningful movement. In these instances, a wide variety of procedures can be used to combat the functional and cosmetic sequella of facial paralysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344929 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5332841&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21289 AbstractA fibulocalcaneus (peroneocalcaneus) internus (PCI) muscle (of MacAlister) was identified and photographed in the left leg of a 78‐year‐old Caucasian female cadaver. This case study provides the first gross anatomical photo of this anomalous leg muscle and represents the first gross anatomical dissection of this muscle since 1914. The PCI muscle arose from the distal third of the fibula, posterior intermuscular septum of the leg, and flexor hallucis longus muscle. The PCI muscle inserted into the inferior surface of the medial calcaneus distal to the coronoid fossa, a small depression between the anterior tuberosity and the anterior apex of the sustentaculum tali. This insertion point differs from the historical literature, which commonly refers to the muscle inserting into the... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5332841 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:06:01 +0100 5332841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5332840&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21272 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5332840 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:05:54 +0100 5332840 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5332839&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21245 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5332839 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:05:33 +0100 5332839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5332838&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21239 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5332838 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:05:32 +0100 5332838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5332837&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21292 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5332837 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:05:27 +0100 5332837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282866&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21281 AbstractThe internal and external vertebral venous plexuses (VVP) extend the length of the vertebral column. Authoritative sources state that these veins are devoid of valves, permitting bidirectional blood flow and facilitating the hematogenous spread of malignant tumors that have venous connections with these plexuses. The aim of this investigation was to identify morphologic features that might influence blood flow in the VVP. The VVP of 12 adult cadavers (seven female, mean age 79.5 years) were examined by macro‐ and micro‐dissection and representative veins removed for histology and immunohistochemistry (smooth muscle antibody staining). A total of 26, mostly bicuspid, valves were identified in 19 of 56 veins (34%) from the external VVP, all orientated to promote blood flow toward... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282866 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282865&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21282 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282865 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282864&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21283 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282864 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282863&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21284 We report the case of a patient without previous abdominal surgery with an acute abdominal obstruction in which laparoscopic exploration revealed a strangulated internal supravesical hernia. To help clinicians with their pre‐operative diagnosis and to better understand the clinical management of this unusual internal hernia, a description of the anatomy of the supravesical fossa is included in this case report. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282863 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282862&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21263 AbstractSupra‐acetabular external fixation is an important tool for pelvic fractures. Understanding the anatomical characteristics of anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) is crucial for the operation. Here, we analyzed the morphology of AIIS and adjacent structures via a digital measurement mode. One hundred and twenty normal pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans were converted into three‐dimensional digital models and their parameters were measured by Geomagics software. We obtained the values of 13 important AIIS anatomical characteristics, which were the perpendicular distance of the anterior superior iliac spine(ASIS) and AIIS (PDASIS‐AIIS), the perpendicular distance between the AIIS and superior pubic tubercle (PDAIIS‐PT), the distance between the AIIS and anterior median lin... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282862 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282861&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21277 This study determined the occurrence and location of the mental foramen (MF) and accessory mental foramen (AMF) in Turkish patients using cone‐beam computed‐tomography (CBCT) with 3D‐imaging software. CBCT scans of 386 sites in 193 (92 male, 101 female) patients were retrospectively analyzed to determine MF and AMF occurrence, sizes, and locations. Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data were transferred to surface‐rendering software to generate 3D images. Distances between the MF and AMF and from both foramina to the alveolar ridge and to the closest tooth were measured. Differences in AMF incidence by sex, side, and location were evaluated using chi‐squared tests, and MF and AMF measurements were evaluated using Mann–Whitney U‐tests. AMFs were observed i... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282861 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282860&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21279 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282860 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282859&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21280 In conclusion, our analysis indicates that a great proportion of renal sympathetic nerves have close proximity to the lumen‐intima interface and should thus be accessible via renal artery interventional approaches such as catheter ablation. This data provides important anatomic information for the development of ablation and other type devices for renal sympathetic denervation. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282859 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5220766&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21270 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5220766 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 16:06:22 +0100 5220766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5220768&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21273 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5220768 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5220768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5220767&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21260 This report describes our experience with the scapular, parascapular, and latissimus dorsi (SPLD) as a combined single unit osteomyocutaneous flap for composite reconstruction of complex oral defects. A case example is subsequently reviewed for clinical correlation. This is an operative techniques article describing the use of the SPLD single multi‐tissue flap for repair of complex oral defects. Cadaveric dissection was performed for instructional purposes. Case example was given for clinical correlation. Relevant history, anatomy, procedural details, and possible complications are presented and subsequently correlated to the case example. A SPLD free‐flap as a single multi‐tissue flap is a viable and beneficial option for reconstruction of complex oral defects. It provides the volum... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5220767 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5220767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5220773&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21276 AbstractComplete colonoscopy for cancer screening requires cecal intubation. Failure to reach and examine the cecum may result in missed right colon pathology. We developed and validated a novel classification scheme for the endoscopic appearance of the normal appendiceal orifice (AO). We analyzed 1,456 AO images and grouped them into four categories based on distinguishing features: “diverticuloid,” “umbilicoid,” “crescent,” and “linear.” An expert panel classified the images and modified these categories, combining crescent and linear categories into “curvilinear.” A 100‐image subset was classified twice by a validation cohort consisting of gastroenterology faculty and fellows. Inter‐observer agreement among the expert panel, and intra‐ and inter‐observer agre... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5220773 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5220773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5220772&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21275 AbstractWith the development of hepatic surgery and radiology, an increasing amount of researchers have reported discrepancies between the real distribution of the hepatic portal vein branches and Couinaud's segmentation, especially for further division of the right medial division. The present study investigated 25 cadaveric liver dissections and 30 three‐dimensional reconstruction images of intrahepatic vessels. The ramifications, course, distribution and quantity of the portal branches were analyzed. An oblique fissure that had few vessels was found among third‐order branches of the hepatic portal vein of the right medial division. The right medial division could be redivided into the ventral subsegment and dorsal subsegment by this oblique fissure. A hepatic vein coursed in the obl... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5220772 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5220772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5220771&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21274 AbstractComparative anatomy was used to collect more evidence for a thermoregulatory function of the internal vertebral venous plexus (IVVP). The venous connections of the IVVP were studied and compared in various mammals in order to find evidence for the existence of climate related anatomical adaptations. Humans and vervet monkeys were chosen as representatives of mammals living in moderate climates, the IVVP of the dolphin was studied because this animal is always surrounded by cold water. The springbok was chosen as a representative of mammalian species living under very hot conditions. The present study was exclusively performed on post mortem material. After filling the venous system with latex the IVVP and its venous connections were dissected. It appeared that in the dolphin, veins... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5220771 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5220771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5220770&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21271 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5220770 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5220770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5220769&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21255 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5220769 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5220769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181157&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21261 This article summarizes the anatomic and clinical research literature related to this structure and provides a simple approach to dissect the myodural bridge and its attachment to the posterior atlanto‐occipital membrane/spinal dura mater complex and summarizes the case for its possible inclusion in medical anatomy curricula. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181157 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181162&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21227 We present two cases of common fibular nerve palsy following ankle injury. These cases provide anatomic and radiologic evidence to support a hypothesis that the interosseous membrane provides the anatomic basis for this combined pattern of injury. This theory unifies previously postulated mechanisms. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181162 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181161&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21269 In conclusion, normal costal cartilages can show central low attenuation areas, which are typically symmetrical in distribution and at most a half of the cartilage diameter. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181161 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181160&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21266 This study evaluated the anatomical variability of the cervicothoracic ganglion (CTG) according to its form and, in addition, provided precise measurements between the CTG and the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6TP), the first costovertebral articulation, and the vertebral artery. Forty‐two adult cadavers were dissected, 22 male and 20 females. Five main forms of CTG were documented; spindle (31.9%), dumbbell (23.2%), truncated (21.7%), perforated (14.5%), and inverted‐L (8.7%). The means for length, width, and thickness of the CTG were 18.5 mm, 8.2 mm, and 4.5 mm, respectively. The dimensions were found to be slightly larger in the males than females and on the left sides as compared to the right. The mean shortest distance between the CTG... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181160 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181159&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21265 AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the detailed three‐dimensional morphology of the pedicles from T1 to T12 in 120 Chinese patients using a light‐speed Vct CT (General Electric). After reformatting the original images, the following parameters were studied: outer pedicle width (OPW), outer pedicle height (OPH), pedicle chord length (PCL), pedicle cortical thickness (PCT) of the isthmus, and transverse pedicle angle (TPA). The mean outer pedicle width, outer pedicle height, and pedicle chord length were significantly smaller in females than in males at all levels (P < 0.01). The percentage of outer pedicle width ≤5.0 mm and ≤4.5 mm was high at mid‐thoracic pedicles. No significant differences were found in transverse pedicle angle and pedicle cortical thickness in... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181159 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181158&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21264 AbstractThe aim of this study was to show morphological sulcal variations of the pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus and to provide a clearer description of the anterior sylvian point. Thirty‐six hemispheres of 18 adult cadavers were studied. The hemispheres were harvested by the classical autopsy method and fixed in 10% formalin solution for three weeks. In six hemispheres, the arteries and veins were filled with colored silicone. The proximal and distal segments of the sylvian fissure, the perpendicular distance of both the anterior sylvian point and inferior rolandic point to the insular cortex and the distances between the anterior ascending ramus and the precentral, central, and postcentral sulcus were measured. The anterior horizontal and ascending rami were exposed. Th... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181158 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5169377&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21247 This study also offers quotients using division of the lengths of each nerve to acromion—the lateral epicondyle distance. Knowledge of the nerve lengths in the upper extremity may provide a better understanding the reinnervation sequence and the recovery time in the multilevel injuries such as brachial plexus lesions. Quotients may be used to estimate average lengths of nerves of upper extremity in infants and children. Moreover, reliability of the biceps brachii as a determinant factor for surgery in obstetrical brachial plexus lesions should be reconsidered due to its highest variation coefficient. Clin. Anat. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5169377 Sun, 28 Aug 2011 06:07:52 +0100 5169377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158178&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21253 We examined 45 hands from 23 human cadavers to investigate the prevalence of this muscle and found it to occur in varying degrees of expression in 91% of specimens. We also tested the hypothesis that the PPIM forms the smaller part of a “parallel muscle combination” and is therefore ideally suited to act as a proprioceptive organ. Results do not show a significantly higher density of muscle spindles in the PPIM relative to the adjacent adductor pollicis, provisionally refuting this hypothesis. The presence of the PPIM, observed in the majority of hands from several populations, indicates that it should be regularly included in mainstream anatomy texts and atlases. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158178 Fri, 26 Aug 2011 13:07:12 +0100 5158178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5169379&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21268 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5169379 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5169379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5169378&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21267 This article traces the skull technique to its originator, Edmé François Chauvot de Beauchêne (ca. 1780–1830), an anatomist and surgeon. In addition to pioneering this innovative anatomic preparation, Edmé François reported the first known case of an intraneural cyst in 1810 and pulmonary air embolism in 1818. The credit has been incorrectly attributed to Claude Beauchêne, an imaginary anatomist in Paris in the 1850s, or to his famous father, Edmé Pierre Chauvot de Beauchêne (1749–1825), a psychologist and physician. The significant accomplishments of Edmé François Chauvot de Beauchêne (Beauchêne fils or Beauchêne son) in medicine have been overshadowed by those of his distinguished father and should be fully recognized. Clin. Anat. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5169378 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5169378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158183&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21262 AbstractA seven‐year‐old boy presented to the neuropediatric clinic with right‐sided ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, and mental retardation. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed anomalous soft tissue within the intraconal region, which was interpreted as an atavistic retractor bulbi muscle. In patients with external ophthalmoplegia and ptosis, anatomic variations observed in MRI should be given due consideration. In fact, knowledge about rare anatomical anomalies may contribute to a more accurate diagnosis of such ocular symptoms. Clin. Anat. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158183 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158182&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21259 This study aims to provide an in vivo demonstration of the influence of an AA on vascular, biometrical, and hemodynamic parameters. Two‐hundred thirty‐nine subjects with a mean age of 21.3 ± 2.7 years participated in this study. After visual screening by two independent experts, 20 subjects (8.4%) presented with an AA unilaterally (n = 12) or bilaterally (n = 8). An echo‐Doppler examination of the vena and arteria axillaris was performed to measure blood flow, velocity of circulating elements, and blood vessel diameter in different positions of the arm (abduction: 45°, 90°, 90° combined with exorotation ‘ER’, 120°). The arteria axillaris parameters, measured in the test (n = 9; six women, three men) and control group (n = 11; six women, five men), were equivalent for all tes... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158182 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158181&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21258 AbstractThe radiocarpal joint transmits about 80% of the compression forces crossing the wrist. However, primary osteoarthritis of this joint is surprisingly uncommon, suggesting that articular cartilage wear is not sufficient to produce arthritic symptoms. By examining the distal radius, scaphoid, and lunate in aged cadavers, wear patterns were charted and measured, allowing assessment of radiocarpal joint wear and mechanics. Bilateral radiocarpal joints of 16 females and 14 males (age 77.7 ± 14.4, N = 30) were exposed and measurements of the wear recorded microscopically. Wear locations were mapped, and X‐Y loci and wear areas calculated. Gender right and sides compared. Over 95% of distal radius wear showed distinct radial‐scaphoid and radial‐lunate wear areas. These bilateral ar... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158181 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158180&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21257 AbstractThe transverse carpal ligament is the volar roof of the carpal tunnel. Gross observation shows that the ligament appears to have fibers that roughly orient in the transverse direction. A closer anatomical examination shows that the ligament also has oblique fibers. Knowledge of the fiber orientation of the transverse carpal ligament is valuable for further understanding the ligament's role in regulating the structural function of the carpal tunnel. The purpose of this study is to quantify collagen fiber orientation within the transverse carpal ligament using the small angle light scattering technique. Eight transverse carpal ligament samples from cadaver hands were used in this study. Individual 20‐μm sections were cut evenly along the thickness of the transverse carpal ligament... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158180 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158179&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21256 We report the case of a 72‐year‐old man who underwent surgery for a jejunal intussusception caused by an infarcted mass on the antimesenteric surface of the small bowel approximately 90 cm from the duodenojejunal flexure. The specimen was reported as an infarcted diverticulum containing heterotopic pancreatic mucosa in keeping with infarcted Meckel's diverticulum. We initially wished to establish when the term “Meckel's diverticulum” should be used. The anatomical site in the present case argues against this being a Meckel's diverticulum, a remnant from the mid‐gut loop. Non‐Meckelian diverticula are usually acquired and often multiple and generally occur on the mesenteric border of the bowel. It is rare for them to contain ectopic mucosa. The diverticulum in our patient thus h... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158179 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158197&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21254 In conclusion, the cricothyroidal branch was generally thicker than the other branches. But on seven (11.8%) sides, thyroidal or pharyngeal branches and the cricothyroidal branch were equal in size. These data may be important during surgery as the surgeon may confuse the cricothyroidal branch with other branches of the external laryngeal nerve. Clin. Anat. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158197 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158196&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21252 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158196 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158194&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21249 AbstractThere have been significant changes in the evaluation and management of lymphatic metastases in the neck during the past several decades, and knowledge of the functional anatomy of the cervical lymphatics is fundamental to the clinical management of metastasis in this region. This review provides a comprehensive description of the cervical lymphatics and discusses how this knowledge is used in the modern management of the neck lymphatics in the setting of common cancers of the head and neck. The patterns of tumor spread can be delineated based on the well‐studied functional anatomy of the lymphatic networks in the cervical region. The characteristics and patterns of metastatic spread for two common cancers found in this region, squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous malignant mela... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158194 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158193&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21248 This study provides details of the structural variations in the region of the suprascapular notch. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158193 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158192&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21246 AbstractDifferential activation of specific regions within a skeletal muscle has been linked to the presence of neuromuscular compartments. However, few studies have investigated the extra‐ or intramuscular innervation throughout the muscle volume of extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and brevis (ECRB). The aim of this study was to determine the presence of neuromuscular partitions in ECRL and ECRB based on the extra‐ and intramuscular innervation using three‐dimensional modeling. The extra‐ and intramuscular nerve distribution was digitized and reconstructed in 3D in all the muscle volumes using Autodesk Maya in seven formalin embalmed cadaveric specimens (mean age, 75.7 ± 15.2 years). The intramuscular nerve distribution was modeled in all the muscle volumes. ECRL was found t... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158192 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158191&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21245 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158191 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158190&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21250 We report a rare variant of the posterior descending artery (PDA) in a 51‐year‐old African‐American male discovered in coronary CT angiography. Arising from the proximal right coronary artery near its ostium, the anomalous PDA penetrated posteriorly toward the atrioventricular junction septum, exited through the inferior pyramidal space into the posterior interventricular groove and continued in the groove as a short PDA. Along its course it gave rise to small branches to the medial wall of the right atrium, the atrioventricular node region, and the inferoseptal wall of the right ventricle. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158190 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158189&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21242 AbstractWhile studying the detailed anatomy of the cranial sella turcica, an additional fossa in its floor, which has not previously been described, was noted. A survey for this fossa, therefore, was conducted on 205 adult crania from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons, University of the Witwatersrand. To confirm the survey observations, the sella turcica region of 10 adult cadavers was also dissected. A larger anterior depression and a smaller posterior concave fossa, often extending on to the anterior surface of the dorsum sellae, were evident in the hypophysial region and occurred in 21.5% of crania and in six of the 10 dissected specimens. An anterior depression alone or a posterior fossa alone occurred in 2.4% and in 72% of the crania, respectively, indicating that the ... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158189 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158188&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21241 This study reports on the strength of the relationship between patella width and patella tendon width. Twenty fresh frozen cadavers were included in the study. Patella and patellar tendon measurements were recorded at the midpoint of the patellar tendon. Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to determine the relationship between patella width and patellar tendon width. Bivariate correlations with 95% confidence intervals and coefficients of determination (R2) are reported. The study used 20 cadavers, 12 men and 8 women with a mean age of 72 (standard deviation [SD] = 12; range = 44 to 87). The mean patella width was 49.24mm (SD = 4.11; range 42.33mm–56.33mm) while the mean patellar tendon width was 26.10mm (SD = 3.31; range 18.33mm–33.33mm). The correlation between patell... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158188 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158187&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21239 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158187 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158186&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21236 AbstractClinical cardiac procedures such as electrophysiology studies, catheter ablation of arrhythmias, retrograde cardioplegia delivery, cardiac resynchronization therapy and, more recently, percutaneous mitral annuloplasty, involve cannulation of the coronary sinus (CS). The presence of a membrane closing the orifice of the CS may cause difficulties during these interventions. Thus, detailed knowledge of the variations and anomalies of the valve of the CS, or the Thebesian valve, now has practical significance. To improve our understanding of this structure, classic anatomical dissection of 50 hearts from dissection room cadavers was performed. A Thebesian valve was present in the overwhelming majority (88%) of cases. Its morphology varied widely, from a few small strands of tissue, to ... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158186 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158185&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21235 AbstractJames Drake (1667–1707) was a renowned physician, anatomist, and writer whose name was recognized throughout London. He was highly involved in the politics of his time and was a well‐known pamphleteer. He also delved into comedies and plays. Drake became a fellow of the Royal Society and the College of Physicians before his early death at 40 years of age. He authored one of the most deservedly popular medical treatises of his time, Anthropologia Nova, which remained a valuable resource to physicians and anatomists alike for decades. The present article reviews the contributions of this little known name in the history of anatomy. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158185 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158184&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21230 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158184 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5095386&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21237 This article focuses on Johannes Jessenius (Ján Jesenský) (1566‐1621), with particular attention paid to his famous Prague dissection and its publication (2011 marking its 410th anniversary). Jessenius was a physician, surgeon, anatomist, scholar, philosopher, and university authority. We focus on the life and main contribution of Jessenius based on his 1600 Prague dissection, the Anatomiae, Pragae (1601). Borovanský described Jessenius' book as “not as a textbook, but as a publication aiming at educated laymen with the purpose of advertising, filled with quotations of old classical authors.” This work presents an important part of the Central European scientific, cultural, and political life of the late Renaissance period. Clin. Anat. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Cli... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5095386 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 11:00:48 +0100 5095386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5095390&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21244 This study explored medical students' experiences of attending an orientation to human dissection and the anatomy laboratory. Students' reactions, feelings, and thoughts were enquired about 1 year after beginning dissection at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. Qualitative research methods, specifically one‐on‐one semistructured interview were utilized. Third‐year medical students self‐selected into the study and were interviewed 1 year after entering the laboratory. Transcribed audiotapes of the interviews were analyzed for themes across the interviews. One year after dissection students have vivid memories with differing ways of viewing the body that may help or hinder with dissection. The themes presented include orientation, student anticipation, psychological approach to... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5095390 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5095390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5095389&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21238 In conclusion, this study indicates that all angle or height parameters of the maxilla and angle or vector height parameters of the buccal side of the mandible can be used as meaningful parameters in a quantitative wear study. Clin. Anat. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5095389 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5095389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5095388&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21222 This study compares IFD, FJO, and LSL for each lumbar segment between the spondylolytic and unaffected groups. We also propose the use of normal mean data of IFD, FJO, and LSL of lumbar vertebrae from 36 Korean young military recruits because each measurement has power as an absolute value, like data from an osteologic collection in other studies. Comparison of IFD between spondylolytic and unaffected individuals reveals significant differences at the L3, L4, and L5 level (P = 0.0384, P = 0.0219, and P < 0.0001, respectively). In the group of spondylolysis, the increase of IFD from L4 to S1 was less pronounced (P < 0.0001) and the LSL at L5‐S1 was more lordotic (P = 0.0203). Interfacet distance and lumbar lordosis were significantly different between patients with L5 spondylolysis ... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5095388 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5095388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5095387&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21187 This study was designed to look at various issues associated with the sourcing of cadavers for Anatomy education in typical developing African countries like Nigeria. As outlined in this report, the creation of legislation and the promotion and funding of programs highlighting the importance of body donation are crucial for improving the field of medical education. Clin. Anat. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5095387 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5095387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077408&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21243 In conclusion, the azygos lobe is a rare anomaly in the South African cadaveric population. The present results are comparable with those reported in the literature for other populations. Future radiological studies on the azygos lobe on living subjects in South Africa will be useful for further understanding of this rare but significant anomaly. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077408 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077407&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21234 In this study, we describe a rare case of accessory flexor carpi ulnaris muscle observed during dissection ofthe forearm as part of a graduate gross anatomy course. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077407 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077406&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21233 This study was designed to clarify the exact distribution of the PP indispensable for understanding its functions. Using 50 cadavers, the PP and its neighboring muscles were bilaterally exposed in both surfaces of the pharynx. The PP was composed of two divisions: longitudinal and transverse. It is already known that the longitudinal PP is divided into two fasciculi sandwiching the levator veli palatini (LVP) immediately after originating from the palatine aponeurosis. However, we newly discovered a fasciculus originating from the uvula, and further regarded the salpingopharyngeus as another fasciculus of origin. The four fasciculi united to descend through the palatopharyngeal arch and inserted into the thyroid cartilage and beneath the mucosa of the hypopharynx. The transverse PP occupie... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077406 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077405&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21232 In conclusion, in most adults, the pterion lies within a one centimeter diameter circle 2.6 cm behind and 1.3 cm above the posterolateral margin of the frontozygomatic suture (which is easily palpable in vivo). This region overlaps the anterior branch of the MMA in two‐thirds of cases. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077405 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077404&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21231 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077404 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077403&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21229 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077403 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077402&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21228 In conclusion, familiarity with many of these eponyms is superfluous for medical students, as they are not in common use by the medical community. However, a number of eponyms must be actively retained by students to understand clinicians and efficiently research medical literature. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077402 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077401&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21226 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077401 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077400&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21225 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077400 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077399&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21224 AbstractLudwig Edinger, a German neurologist is considered as one of the founders of modern neuroanatomy. He was conferred the degree of Doctor of Medicine at the University of Strassburg. His observation of small living organisms under a microscope at an early age led him to study medicine. Edinger had many discoveries to his credit. He was the first to describe the ventral and dorsal spinocerebellar tracts, to distinguish between paleo‐encephalon and neo‐encephalon, and between paleo‐cerebellum and neo‐cerebellum. He coined the terms “gnosis” and “praxis,” which were later adopted in psychological descriptions of agnosia and apraxia. He identified the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus in 1885 and was the first to describe the syndrome of thalamic pain. Edinger worked with renown... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077399 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077398&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21223 AbstractThe use of unclaimed bodies has been one of the distinguishing features of the anatomy profession since the passing of nineteenth century legislation aimed at solving the problem of grave robbing. Only in more recent years has the use of bequeathed bodies supplanted dependence upon unclaimed bodies in many (but not all) countries. We argue that this dependence has opened the profession to a range of questionable ethical practices. Starting with contraventions of the early Anatomy Acts, we trace the manner in which the legitimacy of using unclaimed bodies has exposed vulnerable groups to dissection without their consent. These groups have included the impoverished, the mentally ill, African Americans, slaves, and stigmatized groups during the Nazi era. Unfortunately, ethical constra... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077398 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077397&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21221 AbstractIntraoperative iatrogenic splenic injury during colorectal surgery is rare but may cause significant morbidity. We aimed to describe the anatomic mechanisms of iatrogenic injury to the spleen during colonic surgery. All adult surgical patients who sustained a splenic injury during colectomy at our institution from 1992 to 2007 were retrospectively identified. The operative and pathologic reports were reviewed, and anatomic details of the injuries were collected. Results are reported as a proportion or median, with range reported in brackets. Of 13,897 colectomies, 71 splenic injuries among 58 patients were identified. Splenic flexure colonic mobilization occurred in 53 (91%) of these patients. The median number of tears was 1 (1–3). The average length of tear was 4.59 cm. The dis... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077397 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077396&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21220 This article will review the pertinent anatomy and embryology of the thyroid and parathyroid glands and the critical structures that lie in their proximity. This information should aid the surgeon in appropriate identification and preservation of the function of these structures and to avoid the pitfalls of the operation. Clin. Anat. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077396 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5019000&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21219 AbstractThe search for the soul has been documented since the fifth Century BCE when philosophers and physicians began to explore the role of human consciousness and emotion. Traditionally in western civilization, there have been two distinct followings with some believing that the brain was the seat of the soul and others believing that this role belonged to the heart. The aim of this study was to assess the attitudes of medical students towards the heart and brain during their anatomy laboratory dissections to evaluate if any extra meaning is given to these organs and where they perceived the origin of the soul. Medical students (n = 16) at the University of Otago were interviewed in regards to their thoughts about body dissection and particularly their views towards the brain and the he... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5019000 Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5019000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5019001&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21215 AbstractAnatomical professionals know better than anyone else that donated bodies are a valuable asset to anatomical science and medical education. They highly value voluntary donations, since a dearth of bodies negatively affects their profession. With this in mind, we conducted a survey (n = 54) at the 171st scientific meeting of the Dutch Anatomical Society in 2009 to see to what extent anatomical professionals are willing to donate their own body. The results reveal that none of the survey participants are registered as a whole body donor and that only a quarter of them would consider the possibility of body donation. We argue that the two main constraints preventing Dutch anatomical professionals from donating their own body are their professional and their social environments. In con... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5019001 Sun, 10 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5019001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5019003&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21217 AbstractThe gracilis muscle is widely used in reconstructive surgery, either as a pedicled flap or as a free microsurgical flap. The aim of this study was to demonstrate in detail the arterial anatomy of the gracilis muscle, particularly its intramuscular artery distribution, by using a method involving red latex injection and glycerin transparency, which makes muscle tissues quite transparent and allows direct visualization of the arterial anatomy. Twenty‐four specimens of gracilis muscle were harvested after injecting 12 cadavers with red latex. The different patterns of blood supply of the gracilis muscle were counted. A complete arterial system formed by anastomoses of intramuscular arterial branches was observed in each specimen. The existence of several arterial branches at the pro... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5019003 Thu, 07 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5019003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5019002&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21196 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5019002 Thu, 07 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5019002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007698&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21216 AbstractThe coccyx has been relatively neglected in anatomical research which is surprising given the population prevalence of coccydynia and our inadequate understanding of its etiology. This systematic review analyzes available information on the clinical anatomy of the coccyx. A literature search using five electronic databases and standard anatomy reference texts was conducted yielding 61 primary and 7 secondary English‐language sources. This was supplemented by a manual search of selected historical foreign language articles. The coccygeal vertebrae, associated joints, ligaments and muscles, coccygeal movements, nerves, and blood supply were analyzed in detail. Although the musculoskeletal aspects of the coccyx are reasonably well described, the precise anatomy of the coccygeal plex... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007698 Wed, 06 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007697&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21212 In this study, a superficial layer of the temporalis muscle is described, clarifying the anatomy of this muscle. Twenty heads of adult cadavers were dissected. The gross anatomy of the temporalis muscle was examined after removing the skin, subcutaneous tissue, superficial temporal fascia, and deep temporal fascia. The superficial layer of the temporalis muscle was clearly distinguishable from the deep layer. The superficial layer originated from the same region as the deep layer, and the muscle fibers of the two layers were intermingled in the superior part of the muscle. The deep layer of the temporalis muscle, which is referred to in textbooks and atlases simply as the temporalis muscle, was exposed after removing the superficial layer. The existence of this superficial layer was confir... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007697 Wed, 06 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077395&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21240 AbstractEight anatomical preparations from the collection of Giovan Battista Rini (1795‐1856) at the Desenzano Hospital Pathology Division (Brescia, Italy) were examined by computed tomography (CT). The aim of the study was to obtain detailed information on the state of preservation of these “anatomical mummies” and the techniques used to prepare them. Relying on the existing literature, the examined specimens (five heads with necks, two bust and one heart) could be divided into three types of anatomical specimens: “dry preparations,” “corrosion preparations,” and “organ preparations.” CT examination enabled the assessment of the exact features of each specimen, some of the preparation techniques applied, the presence of foreign bodies, and the use of substances to fill t... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077395 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5018999&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21150 AbstractMuch has been written regarding the potential clinical significance of myocardial bridges. As such bridging is often seen in normal individuals, it is clear that not all arteries bridged by myocardial segments produce clinical symptoms thereby suggesting that this feature may simply be an anatomical variant. However, some authors who have considered these bridges as the cause of cardiac ischemia have suggested two potential mechanisms for their pathophysiology. The first is a phasic systolic compression of the bridged segment with persistent mid‐to‐late diastolic reduction in arterial diameter and the second proposes a reduction in arterial flow. Both mechanisms may contribute to a reduced reserve in coronary blood flow. In this review, we discuss the evidence that exists regar... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5018999 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5018999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007696&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21191 AbstractGiovanni Maria Lancisi (1654–1720) was an Italian physician who made significant contributions to many fields of medicine. De subitaneis mortibus was the first autoptic manuscript, suggesting that myocardial disease was a factor in a 1706 sudden death epidemic in Rome. His book De motu cordis et aneurysmatibus described the pathology and etiology of aneurysms, and Tractatus de urinis was the first discussion of the physiological mechanism of urine formation. Arguably, Lancisi's most notable medical contribution was the anatomical description of the medial longitudinal striae of the corpus callosum, in addition to other documents he wrote in the field of neurology. Aside from his medical work, Lancisi developed the “stamping out” method for eradication of the cattle plague in ... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007696 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4944896&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21211 AbstractMcBurney's button‐hole is an exposure technique for the posterior interosseous nerve quoted in Anrold Kirkpatrick Henry's famous book Extensile Exposures. This short article discusses the overlap between three historical surgeons, Thompson, Henry and McBurney to discover the meaning of the reference and technique, which is used by surgeons to this day. Clin. Anat. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4944896 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 13:53:39 +0100 4944896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933540&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21185 AbstractThe many synonyms for anatomical structures confuse medical students and complicate medical communication. Easily accessible translations would alleviate this problem. None of the presently available resources—Terminologia Anatomica (TA), digital terminologies such as the Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA), and websites—are fully satisfactory to this aim. Internet technologies offer new possibilities to solve the problem. Several authors have called for an online TA. An online translation resource should be easily accessible, user‐friendly, comprehensive, expandable, and its quality determinable. As first step towards this goal, we built a translation website that we named www.AnatomicalTerms.info, based on the database of the FMA. It translates between English, Latin, epony... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933540 Fri, 17 Jun 2011 01:50:49 +0100 4933540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4944898&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21218 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4944898 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4944898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4944897&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21214 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4944897 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4944897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920869&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21206 AbstractThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate the peri‐ and intraosseous vascular architecture of the radial head and vascular interaction with surgical implants. Seventeen fresh human cadaveric elbows were sequentially plastinated beginning with arterial injection, followed by block and slice plastination of the whole elbow. With this technique, we obtained completely transparent cadaveric slices in which the peri‐ and intraosseous vascular architecture could be studied in its neutral position. In six of these elbows, radial head osteosynthesis was imitated with miniplates or fine threaded K‐wires. Vascularization of the radial head occurred via branches of the radial recurrent artery on the ventral, lateral, and dorsal sides of the radial head and a branch of the ulnar arter... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920869 Sat, 11 Jun 2011 05:08:16 +0100 4920869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920874&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21213 The objective of this study was to analyze relationship of the intervertebral disc to the nerve root in the intervertebral foramen. Fourteen formalin‐fixed cadavers were studied and measurements were performed. At the medial line of the neural foramen, the disc‐root distance gradually increased from L1‐L2 to L5‐S1. The shortest distance between the disc to nerve root was L1‐L2 (mean, 8.2 mm) and the greatest distance was found at L3‐L4 (mean, 10.5 mm). In the mid‐foramen, the disc‐root distance decreased from L1‐2 to L5‐S1. The shortest distance from the disc to nerve root was found at L5‐S1 (mean, 0.4 mm); and the greatest distance, at L1‐L2 (mean, 3.8 mm). For the lateral line, the distance between an intersection point between the medial edge of the nerve root an... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920874 Thu, 09 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920873&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21210 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920873 Thu, 09 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920872&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21209 This report will discuss the anatomy of the parotid gland as it pertains to parotid surgery and the avoidance of complications related to this surgery. Clin. Anat. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920872 Thu, 09 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920871&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21208 AbstractThe aim of the current anatomical and clinical study was to audit our cases of patients who presented with secondary and/or accessory middle turbinates during a two‐year period. We investigated the incidence and the clinical impact of these variations. Twenty‐eight patients, 19 males and 9 females with a mean age of 41.5 years, representing different ethnic origins, were diagnosed with double middle turbinates based on endoscopic examination. Of those, 92.8% had a main symptom of refractory frontal headache. A secondary nasal symptom was sensation of blocked nose. Patients who underwent endoscopic surgery (n = 13) for reduction of the extra turbinate, reported significant symptom scores improvement (P < 0.0001) of frontal headache and blocked nose, from means of 9.07 ± 0.26... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920871 Thu, 09 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920870&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21207 This study therefore investigated the variations in origin of the superior thyroid artery in a Kenyan population. Forty six necks (36 males and 10 females) from 46 cadavers of black Kenyans in Department of Human Anatomy University of Nairobi, Kenya were bilaterally dissected to expose the origin of the superior thyroid artery. Pattern of origin of the vessel was determined on both sides in males and females. It originated from the external carotid artery common carotid artery and linguo‐facial trunk in 80%, 13%, and 6.5% of the cadavers respectively on the right side. All but one of the superior thyroid arteries were ventral branches. There was asymmetric origin in 6.5% of cases. Origin from the common carotid artery was associated with high carotid bifurcation. Nearly 20% of superior t... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920870 Thu, 09 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902045&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21142 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902045 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 21:19:51 +0100 4902045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902040&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21205 AbstractVarious surgical procedures require surgeons to have detailed knowledge of the course of blood vessels in the masseter muscle, such as masseter muscle flap formation, mandibular angle resection, parotidectomy, and mandibular ramus osteotomy. Without this knowledge serious complications can occur, endangering the lives of patients. Occasionally, during routine dissections we sometimes encounter an additional branch. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive detailed anatomic description of the blood supply of the masseter muscle. This will provide critical information for various surgical procedures. Twenty‐five Korean cadavers were dissected and subjected to modified Sihler's method to reveal the branching patterns of the arteries surrounding the masseter muscle, a... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902040 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 21:19:09 +0100 4902040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902044&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21201 AbstractIntrinsic tongue muscles, especially the transverse and vertical (T&V) muscles, regulate the shape of the tongue. However, little information is available on the nerve distribution pattern in human T&V muscles. Using S100 protein immunohistochemistry for paraffin‐embedded histology, we investigated semiserial sagittal or frontal sections of eight human fetal tongues (180–240 mm crown‐rump length: CRL). The height of the T&V muscle bundle showed a threefold difference between specimens with a small and a large CRL. Thus, the T&V muscles were still growing at the stages examined. In the intrinsic longitudinal muscles and all extrinsic tongue muscles, we observed the typical motor endplate band. In lower‐magnification views, the T&V muscles also appeared to... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902044 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4902044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902043&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21202 (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902043 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4902043 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902042&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21203 AbstractThe lumbar vertebral shape is an important causative factor in spondylolysis (SP). However, a complete characterization of this shape, that would shed light on its pathophysiology enhance its earlier diagnosis, is still missing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shape distinctiveness of the lumbar (L1–L5) vertebral body (VB) and neural arch (isthmus, lamina, vertebral canal, spinous, and transverse processes) in SP. Using a three‐dimensional (3D) digitizer, the VB length, width, height, and sagittal wedging as well as the lengths of the isthmus, lamina spinous, and transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5) were measured from 115 male skeletons with bilateral SP at L5 and compared with 120 normal ones. Compared with the normal group, the following results we... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902042 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4902042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902041&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21204 This study seeks to determine the characteristics, topographical conditions, regional relationships, and diameters of the venous structures of the upper extremity and the thoracic central venous system in extremely small preterm neonates (mean: 900 g). Nine formaldehyde‐fixed preterm stillborns were prepared (mean 27 2/7 weeks' gestational age). The anatomical preparation involved the complete thoracic wall, neck and shoulder region, and preparation of the upper extremities. It was shown that the course of the internal jugular vein can be influenced by rotation of the head. Maximum head rotation (80°) to the contralateral side leads the internal jugular vein to overlap the common carotid artery and sharpens the confluence angle of the internal jugular into the brachiocephalic vein. We p... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902041 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4902041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788862&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21198 AbstractBone strength and structure are closely associated with fracture and screw fixation, however osseous micro architecture on scaphoid has not been clearly addressed. We conducted histomorphometric study of the scaphoid using micro CT to find regional variations and differences in the scaphoid to provide better understanding of fracture mechanism and suggest optimal screw position. We divided scaphoid into eight regions and collected regional data from eleven different cadaveric scaphoids. A computer program was used to measure parameters, which includes mean subchondral bone thickness, bone mineral density for bone density parameters, and tissue mineral density, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing, trabecular number and bone volume fraction for bone quality parameters. All bone ... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788862 Wed, 04 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788868&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21200 AbstractThe recent introduction of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) into the medical field has allowed the nondestructive investigation of internal structures at relatively low cost and radiation exposure. The accuracy of CBCT in both two and three dimensions has been demonstrated, and CBCT has been used successfully for craniofacial anatomy. Knowing the anatomical structure of deciduous teeth is essential for clinical dentistry. However, the root structure of deciduous teeth is rarely reported because of the scarcity of intact deciduous teeth without root resorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intact root form of deciduous teeth using CBCT. Data from 38 young children was analyzed using an image‐analyzing program. The degree of buccal dilacerations was 26.3° for de... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788868 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788867&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21199 AbstractTo have knowledge of the physiological closure of a particular physeal plate is necessary to understand fractures close to the end of growth (transitional fractures). Most frequent fractures involve the distal radius in adolescents. However, there are no systematic investigations on the topic of growth plate closure concerning the distal radius plate, so far. Twenty‐two healthy female volunteers underwent MRI investigations of their left wrist. Absolute width, percentage and localization of the physeal part, closed at the time of investigation were recorded. Sequential MRI scans were performed. In this series T1‐weighted sequences were most useful to distinguish open and closed parts of the physis. Total area was 291–469 mm2 (average, 399 mm2). It did positively correlate wit... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788867 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788866&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21197 AbstractThe article is an autobiographical sketch of the author and his extensive investigation of human variations. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788866 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788865&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21194 This article reviews the history of the evolution and discovery of the lymphatic system. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788865 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788864&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21193 AbstractA case of pylorus‐preserving Whipple procedure with an accidentally clockwise 360° rotated small bowel limb in orthotopic duodenal reconstruction is presented. A simple salvage procedure is proposed. Clin. Anat., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy) Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788864 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788863&cid=s_33598_170_f&fid=33598&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fca.21192 AbstractInjury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is an important but avoidable complication of thyroidectomy. This complication may be avoided by the identification of the nerve facilitated by important landmarks found along its course. The setting for this work is the Human Anatomy Laboratory of the University of Nairobi. The aim of this work is to determine the topographic relationship of the RLN with the inferior thyroid artery (ITA), the tubercle of Zuckerkandl (TZ), and the ligament of Berry (LB) in a Kenyan population. The relationship between the nerve and the above landmarks was determined during dissection of 146 right and left thyroid lobes. One right side of the neck had a nonrecurrent nerve. Of the specimens where relationship was determined, the nerve was anterior to the ... Clinical Anatomy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788863 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788863