MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Clinical EEG and Neuroscience' source. Wed, 02 Mar 2011 15:07:46 +0100 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21309436&dopt=Abstract In conclusion, girls with AD/HD had increased slow wave (delta and theta) activity and reduced beta activity, which are robust results in the predominantly-male AD/HD literature, and exhibited the elevated theta/beta abnormality. The lack of global differences between DSM-IV AD/HD types differs from previous studies of boys and mixed-sex groups. The present results highlight the homogeneity of EEG profiles in AD/HD girls, which could be due to sex-bias in the diagnostic criteria. This study is the first to investigate EEG differences between the Inattentive and Combined types of AD/HD with a purely female sample. PMID: 21309436 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4473846 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4473846 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21309437&dopt=Abstract Authors: Ahmadlou M, Adeli H Synchronization as a measure of quantification of similarities in dynamic systems is an important concept in many scientific fields such as nonlinear science, neuroscience, cardiology, ecology, and economics. When interdependencies and connections of coupled dynamic systems are not directly accessible and measurable such as those of the neurons of the brain, quantification of similarities between their time series outputs is the best possible way to detect the existent interdependencies among them. In recent years, Synchronization Likelihood (SL) has been used as one of the most suitable algorithms in highly nonlinear and non-stationary systems. In this method, the likelihood of patterns is measured statistically, and then it is determined which patterns of... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4473845 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4473845 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21309438&dopt=Abstract Authors: González-Garrido AA, Gómez-Velázquez FR, Zarabozo D, Ruiz-Villeda BA, de la Serna Tuya JM Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) deficits have been associated with less developed orthographic abilities that may affect lexical decisions. The effects of Spanish-speaking children's RAN performance on lexical decisions were evaluated by analyzing ERP and behavioral measures. Based upon their naming speed in four RAN tasks, 28 normal IQ, right-handed, 7-year-old children were selected and divided uniformly into two groups: average-naming (AN), and slow-naming (SN). ERPs were obtained during a lexical decision task consisting of 100 strings of four sequentially-presented letters that completed words (50 trials) or pseudowords (also 50 trials). The SN group showed major reading difficulti... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4473844 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4473844 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21309439&dopt=Abstract Authors: Nicolaou N, Georgiou J This work proposes the use of Permutation Entropy (PE), a measure of time-series complexity, to characterize electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded during sleep. Such a measure could provide information concerning the different sleep stages and, thus, be utilized as an additional aid to obtain sleep staging information. PE has been estimated for artifact-free 30s segments from more than 80 hours of EEG records obtained from 16 subjects during all-night recordings, from which the mean PE for each sleep stage was obtained. It was found that different sleep stages are characterized by significantly different PE values, which track the physiological changes in the complexity of the EEG signals observed at the different sleep stages. This finding encoura... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4473843 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4473843 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21309440&dopt=Abstract We report two cases with a diagnosis of PD that had been partially responsive to first line treatments. During the EEG session, both patients developed panic symptoms with minimal EEG changes in response to paper bag-hyperventilation (PB-HV), and several minutes later presented a clear ictal EEG pattern associated with very different clinical symptoms, but both with strong fear content. Z-scored LORETA analysis showed increased current source densities (CSD) at the right amygdala in both subjects during the induced panic symptoms. Several areas were involved during the seizure, different in each subject. Yet, a very significant increase at the amygdala was found in both cases. The LORETA Z-scored source correlation (LSC) analysis also showed similar abnormal patterns during the panic sympt... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4473842 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4473842 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21309441&dopt=Abstract Authors: Sun W, Fu W, Mao W, Wang D, Wang Y Seventeen refractory partial epilepsy patients were enrolled in an open-label study to evaluate the antiepileptic effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Seven of the patients had not obtained seizure-free status after epileptogenic focus resection surgery before they were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated with low-frequency rTMS which included 3 sessions per day (0.5 Hz, 90% RMT and 500 pulses each session) and lasted for 2 weeks. Seizure frequency, seizure days and epileptic discharges in the EEG obtained before, during and after stimulation were compared. The psychological conditions of all individual patients were evaluated with Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) before and after rTMS treatme... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4473841 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4473841 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21309442&dopt=Abstract Authors: Segrave RA, Cooper NR, Thomson RH, Croft RJ, Sheppard DM, Fitzgerald PB Lateralized differences in frontal alpha power in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) are thought to reflect an aberrant affective processing style. However research into anterior alpha asymmetry and MDD has often produced conflicting results. The current study aimed to investigate whether individualized alpha bandwidths provide a more sensitive measure of anterior alpha asymmetry in MDD than the traditional fixed 8-13 Hz alpha band. Resting EEG was recorded from 34 right-handed female participants (18 controls, 16 MDD). Each participant's Individual Alpha Frequency was used to delineate a broad individualized alpha band and three individualized narrow alpha sub-bands: lower alpha1, lower alph... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4473840 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4473840 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21309443&dopt=Abstract Authors: Xu J, Zhao S, Zhang H, Zheng C Electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, recorded while performing an "odd ball" detection task, was compared between patients with early vascular dementia (VD), healthy young controls and healthy elderly controls performing the same task. The data were analyzed using the event-related synchronization/desynchronization (ERS/ERD) method. VD patients, compared with controls, showed decreased ERS effects in the delta frequency band (0.5-3.5Hz) of EEG after the target stimulus appeared in frontal, central and parietal regions. Similarly, elderly controls also showed a decreased ERS compared with young controls only in central and parietal regions. As part of this analysis, we introduce a novel quantitative index, the Event-related Energy Change Progressi... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4473839 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4473839 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21309444&dopt=Abstract Authors: Walker JE Seventy-one patients with recurrent migraine headaches, aged 17-62, from one neurological practice, completed a quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) procedure. All QEEG results indicated an excess of high-frequency beta activity (21-30 Hz) in 1-4 cortical areas. Forty-six of the 71 patients selected neurofeedback training while the remaining 25 chose to continue on drug therapy. Neurofeedback protocols consisted of reducing 21-30 Hz activity and increasing 10 Hz activity (5 sessions for each affected site). All the patients were classified as migraine without aura. For the neurofeedback group the majority (54%) experienced complete cessation of their migraines, and many others (39%) experienced a reduction in migraine frequency of greater than 50%. Four percent e... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4473838 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4473838 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21077568&dopt=Abstract Authors: Flor-Henry P PMID: 21077568 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4186849 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4186849 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21077569&dopt=Abstract Authors: Gordon E, Palmer DM, Cooper N Models of laterality infer distinct aspects of EEG alpha asymmetry in clinical disorders, which has been replicated for over three decades. This biomarker now requires a more fine-grained assessment of its clinical utility as a diagnostic and treatment predictive marker. Here, within the same study we assessed resting brain laterality across six clinical disorders, for which deviant laterality has been implicated as core dysfunction. These disorders were evaluated in comparison to a large normative dataset (approximately 1,900) from the Brain Resource International Database. EEG alpha asymmetry was assessed in the frontocentral region, for resting Eyes Closed and Eyes Open conditions. Schizophrenia was characterized by significantly greater left l... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4186846 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4186846 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21077570&dopt=Abstract Authors: Kayser J, Tenke CE, Gil R, Bruder GE Greater left than right reductions of P3 amplitude in schizophrenia during auditory oddball tasks have been interpreted as evidence of left-lateralized dysfunction. However, the contributions of methodological factors (response mode, stimulus properties, recording reference), which affect event-related potential (ERP) topographies, remain unclear. We recorded 31-channel ERPs from 23 schizophrenic patients and 23 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (all right-handed) during tonal and phonetic oddball tasks, varying response mode (left press, right press, silent count) within subjects. Performance accuracy was high in both groups but patients were slower. ERP generator patterns were summarized by temporal Principal Components Analysis (P... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4186845 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4186845 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21077571&dopt=Abstract Authors: Manna CB, Tenke CE, Gates NA, Kayser J, Borod JC, Stewart JW, McGrath PJ, Bruder GE Studies of regional hemispheric asymmetries point to relatively less activity in left frontal and right posterior regions in depression. Anxiety was associated with increased right posterior activity, which may be related to arousal and, in anxious-depressed individuals, offset the posterior asymmetry typically seen in depression. These asymmetries have been indexed by resting EEG or inferred through the use of lateralized auditory and visual tasks (e.g., dichotic listening and chimeric faces). However, associations between regional EEG activity and neurocognitive function in depression or anxiety remain unclear. The present study used matched verbal (Word Finding) and spatial (Dot Localization... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4186844 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4186844 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21077572&dopt=Abstract In conclusion, EEG topography and tomography of depressed menopausal patients demonstrated a right frontal hyper- and left frontal hypoactivation in the alpha asymmetry index as well as a vigilance decrease, with a right-hemispheric preponderance. Within antidepressants at least 2 subtypes may be distinguished from the electrophysiological point of view, a non-sedative and a sedative. LORETA identifies cerebral generators responsible for the pathogenesis of depression as well as for the mode of action of antidepressants. PMID: 21077572 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4186843 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4186843 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21077573&dopt=Abstract Authors: Trimble M In this paper, the results of studies that have used the intracarotid sodium amytal (amobarbital) test to examine hemispheric lateralization of emotional expression has been reviewed. The important findings are that the emotional states are dissociated from the neurological effects (aphasia, hemiplegia), and occur later, when the electroencephalogram (EEG) is showing evidence of activation. The effects of left hemisphere barbiturization are less clear than those of the right hemisphere, and there is good concordance that the latter lead to states of alteration in mood or euphoria. PMID: 21077573 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4186842 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4186842 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21077574&dopt=Abstract Authors: Taylor DC, Falconer MA, Flor-Henry P The information provided by pre and post-operative surface EEG, cortical EEG, cortical stimulation, intracarotid barbiturization, psychometric testing and ictal semiology are integrated in order to define the speech regions. The three patients described are predominantly left handed and left cerebral hemisphere dominant, all with right hemisphere epilepsy. All are considered to have bi-lateral speech representation to account for dysphasia during cortical stimulation in all three and ictal or post ictal dysphasia in the first two and post-operative dysphasia in the first and third. Some of the evidence that supports the possibility of bi-lateral speech representation is discussed. PMID: 21077574 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical E... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4186841 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4186841 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=21077575&dopt=Abstract Authors: Flor-Henry P A small series of consecutive, unmedicated male to female transsexuals were studied before hormonal treatment and prior to reassignment surgery. Quantitative EEG and LORETA source localization in the Eyes Open and Eyes Closed conditions were carried out, and they were compared to sinistral/ambilateral male and female controls, as the transsexual group was overwhelmingly sinistral. Discriminant function analysis and source localization showed that the transsexual group was similar to female heterosexual controls, with increased sources in the right hemisphere in the fast frequencies. PMID: 21077575 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4186840 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4186840 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20722344&dopt=Abstract Authors: Fitzpatrick T, Mattis P, Eidelberg D Parkinson's disease (PD) is known by most persons to be a neurodegenerative disorder that affects one's motor skills. However, the disease is also characterized by the less recognized cognitive symptoms, including deficits in executive functioning, as well as mood and behavioral problems, which are just as disabling and distressing as the motor symptoms. Imaging methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) have recently enhanced our understanding of cognitive disturbances in PD, and are reviewed in the current article. Furthermore, insights gained from the use of specific radiotracers in the dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems are discussed, as well as findings from in vivo detection of amyloid-beta. We will also dis... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3891460 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3891460 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20722345&dopt=Abstract Authors: Upton DJ, Cooper NR, Laycock R, Croft RJ, Fitzgerald PB The stop signal task is used to investigate inhibition of an initiated response. Converging evidence suggests that right inferior prefrontal cortex is involved in this behavior, although other regions in the prefrontal cortex have also been implicated. One technique used to determine the contribution of specific cortical regions to behavior is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). In the present study, fourteen subjects performed the stop signal task before and after receiving a train of rTMS to the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The effects of rTMS were determined using event-related potential (ERP) measures that have been associated with response inhibition in previous studies. Sti... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3891459 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3891459 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20722346&dopt=Abstract The objective of this report is to statistically compare quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) measures in 85 FM patients with age and gender matched controls in a normative database. A statistically significant sample (minimum 60 seconds from each subject) of artifact-free EEG data exhibiting a minimum split-half reliability ratio of 0.95 and test-retest reliability ratio of 0.90 was used as the threshold for acceptable data inclusion. FM subject EEG data was compared to EEGs of age and gender matched healthy subjects in the Lifespan Normative Database and analyzed using NeuroGuide 2.0 software. Analyses were based on spectral absolute power, relative power and coherence. Clinical evaluations included the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Beck Depression Inventory and Fischer do... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3891458 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3891458 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20722347&dopt=Abstract Authors: Widdess-Walsh P, Nair D Seizures can influence cardiac autonomic function and cause abnormalities in the electrocardiogram (EKG). A case of stereotypical bigeminy during left temporal lobe seizures recorded in the epilepsy monitoring unit is presented. The mechanism is likely due to spread of the ictal discharge to primary visceromotor regions in the left insula (Island of Reil). This case illustrates the potential influence of ictal brain activity on cardiac electrophysiology. PMID: 20722347 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3891457 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3891457 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20722348&dopt=Abstract Authors: Tripathi M, Singh PK, Vibha D, Choudhary N, Garg A, Bal CS, Sarkar C, Bhatia R, Padma MV, Gaikwad S, Singh MB, Prasad K, Chandra PS The phenomenon of temporal clustering of seizures is well known, but its effect on seizure localization has not been rigorously analyzed. The aim of our study was to assess electrophysiological localization during Video EEG (VEEG) monitoring in patients with intractable epilepsy demonstrating a cluster of seizures. The study was conducted on 203 intractable epilepsy patients, aged 2 to 60 years (19.96 +/- 10.87). Patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy having clusters were compared with patients not having clusters, and the effect of clustering on concordance was addressed. Fully consistent localization was observed in 116 patients, partia... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3891456 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3891456 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20722349&dopt=Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the lateralization of interictal spikes in children with BECTS in relation to the sex of the child and the age of onset of epilepsy. We studied the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 114 children with a clinical diagnosis of BECTS according to ILAE. The results obtained from two EEGs, performed at intervals of 6 and 12 months, were correlated with the age of onset of the epileptic seizures and the sex of the child. There was no association between the onset of epileptic seizures and the age of the child (p=0.461). When we analyzed the relationship between laterality and sex we did not observe any difference in the first EEG (p = 0.767) results; however, in the results of the second EEG there was a difference (p = 0.002). In males, left and bilateral... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3891455 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3891455 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20722350&dopt=Abstract We present a patient with intractable gelastic epilepsy in whom the diagnosis of HH was initially missed due to failure to recognize the clinical syndrome and contamination of the MRI images with dental hardware artifact. VET confirmed the clinical diagnosis and the HH was identified on MRI after the dental hardware was removed. VET should be performed to confirm seizure semiology in patients with suspected gelastic epilepsy. Establishing this diagnosis can subsequently direct the appropriate neuroradiological evaluation for HH and surgical treatment of these lesions. PMID: 20722350 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3891454 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3891454 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20722351&dopt=Abstract Authors: Chang WP Studies have indicated that individuals with Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) exhibit deficits in executive functions. However, little attention has been paid to investigate control mechanism of executive functions, i.e., error monitoring, in individuals with KS. Two event-related potential (ERP) components, i.e., error-related negativity (Ne/ERN) and error positivity (Pe), are the electrophysiological markers of error monitoring. This case report presents the findings of error monitoring from an adult with KS using the electrophysiological technique. This KS individual displayed small ERN and Pe amplitudes, suggesting that he may exhibit deficient error detection and reaction, a lack of conscious error recognition, and nonproficient adjustment after an error. The findings... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3891453 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3891453 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20722352&dopt=Abstract In conclusion, simultaneous EEG-fMRI recording allows the analysis of two harmless functional neuroimaging techniques separately and together in the same time period. In our case, it allowed the accurate delineation of epileptogenic foci and areas of spread with high spatiotemporal resolution, which is crucial for epilepsy surgery. PMID: 20722352 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3891452 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3891452 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20722353&dopt=Abstract Authors: Dericioglu N, Colpak AI, Ciger A, Saygi S Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy syndrome (MTLES) is the most common surgically remediable epileptic syndrome in adults. Its diagnosis is easy when clinical history is supported by positive laboratory findings. However, routine EEG may not be informative in some patients, thus delaying accurate diagnosis. Therefore, we sought to determine how often routine EEGs displayed epileptiform discharges pre-operatively in a group of patients who underwent surgery for MTLES. Retrospectively, we reviewed the outpatient EEG records of MTLES patients who underwent surgery at our epilepsy center between 1997-2008 and had at least one routine pre-operative EEG recording in our outpatient laboratory. For each patient, serial EEGs were coded as normal, di... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3891451 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3891451 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20722354&dopt=Abstract This study suggests that NF can be used as a therapeutic method to ameliorate abnormalities related to opioid-dependence disorders. The results emphasize the importance of neuropsychological interventions in treatment of substance-dependence disorders. PMID: 20722354 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3891450 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3891450 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20521486&dopt=Abstract Authors: Bodis-Wollner I PMID: 20521486 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3633942 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3633942 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20521487&dopt=Abstract Authors: DeLong M, Wichmann T The basal ganglia (BG) have long been considered to play an important role in the control of movement and the pathophysiology of movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies over the past decades have considerably broadened this view, indicating that the BG participate in multiple, parallel, largely segregated, cortico-subcortical reentrant pathways involving motor, associative and limbic functions. Research has shown that dysfunction within individual circuits is associated not only with movement disorders, but also with neuropsychiatric disorders. Accordingly, a number of movement disorders and neuropsychiatric disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder and Tourette's syndrome are viewed as "circuit disorders." We here discuss the c... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3633941 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3633941 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20521488&dopt=Abstract Authors: Bodis-Wollner I Parkinson Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. With increased longevity and improved health care, our society is experiencing an unprecedented challenge posed by neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's disease alone is now the third most expensive disease to treat in the U.S., costing close to $100 billion annually. While treatment of the motor manifestations of PD has advanced much, the treatment of its non-motor features, in particular mental dysfunction remain as unresolved problems in PD. Electrophysiological and imaging studies in this issue are providing new information on the roles of the frontal cortex, pedunculopontine nucleus, dopaminergic mesolimbic system and thalamocortical circuits on cognit... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3633940 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3633940 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20521489&dopt=Abstract Authors: Monchi O, Martinu K, Strafella AP The last few years have seen an increase in the number of studies using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) along with receptor imaging and regional cerebral blood flow Positron Emission Tomography (PET) to understand the neurobiological underpinnings of cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD). These studies have shown evidence that the nigrostriatal degeneration solely cannot account for these deficits and that involvement of other neural systems such as the mesocortical dopamine may also play an important role. In this article, we provide a review of neuroimaging results regarding the role of possible compensatory activity, L-Dopa medication, and difference in genotypes on the cognitive deficits observed in PD. Finally, some ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3633939 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3633939 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20521490&dopt=Abstract Authors: Stefani A, Pierantozzi M, Ceravolo R, Brusa L, Galati S, Stanzione P Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a reliable treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, but a possible risk of worsening cognitive functions, although modest, may postpone or halt DBS clinical indication. In a small cohort of PD patients we have pioneered the simultaneous implantation of both the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg). Here we describe the cognitive test performance and the corresponding cortical metabolic activity, as assessed through 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET), of these six PD patients tested in PPTg-ON vs- PPTg-OFF condition. PPTg-ON condition (at low frequency, 25 Hz) induced better performance in tests ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3633938 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3633938 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20521491&dopt=Abstract Authors: Ray N, Strafella AP Dopamine agonists have been implicated in the development of impulse control disorders (ICDs). This may be due to the ability of agonists to tonically stimulate dopamine receptors. Recent neuroimaging data provided evidence that dopamine agonists induce significant changes in those frontostriatal circuits that process reward and mediate our ability to control impulses. Tonic stimulation of dopamine receptors via agonists may impair reward processing and inhibitory control mechanisms in ways that promote pathological repetition of behaviors. We will provide an overview of the current understanding of the neurobiology underlying ICDs in Parkinson's disease (PD). PMID: 20521491 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3633937 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3633937 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20521492&dopt=Abstract Authors: Javaid MA, Weeden J, Flom P, Avitable M, Glazman S, Bodis-Wollner I We quantified the anterior-posterior distribution of the gamma modulation index (GMI), an index of perisaccadic phasic modulation of the gamma (35-45 Hz) range electroencephalogram (EEG), in healthy human subjects and Parkinson disease (PD) patients. The EEG was recorded over the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital sites in 11 idiopathic PD patients (age 50-70 years, four females), 4 age matched healthy volunteers (1 female) and 17 young healthy controls (age 21-30 years, four females) Eye movements were recorded with EOG and ISCAN camera. Subjects executed saccades to a mark at right and back to fixation point and vice versa. The saccades directed away from center/fixation (centrifugal CF) were analyzed... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3633936 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3633936 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20307009&dopt=Abstract Authors: Ahmadlou M, Adeli H A multi-paradigm methodology is presented for electroencephalogram (EEG) based diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) through adroit integration of nonlinear science; wavelets, a signal processing technique; and neural networks, a pattern recognition technique. The selected nonlinear features are generalized synchronizations known as synchronization likelihoods (SL), both among all electrodes and among electrode pairs. The methodology consists of three parts: first detecting the more synchronized loci (group 1) and loci with more discriminative deficit connections (group 2). Using SLs among all electrodes, discriminative SLs in certain sub-bands are extracted. In part two, SLs are computed, not among all electrodes, but between loci of... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3400030 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3400030 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20307010&dopt=Abstract Authors: Fishman O, Legatt AD Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs), an EEG pattern that is highly correlated with seizures, may represent an ictal pattern in some patients, but in other patients PLEDs persist despite the absence of seizures or after seizures have been controlled by anti-epileptic drugs. The tenacity of PLEDs was illustrated by continuous EEG recording in a 95-year-old woman with multiple old cerebral infarctions who had been admitted to the hospital because of seizures. The EEG showed PLEDs that were maximal in the left central region. These sometimes evolved into EEG seizure patterns, which were correlated with facial twitching. The seizures were controlled by anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), but the PLEDs continued. The patient subsequently expired, with ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3400029 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3400029 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20307011&dopt=Abstract We report our experience with abbreviated, emergency below-the-hairline EEGs (BTH-EEG) performed by neurology residents at our institution over a 1-1/2 year period. We analyzed demographic and clinical data in relation to whether or not an ictal or periodic pattem was identified, and these results were compared to follow up EEGs. Thirty-nine studies were identified, ranging in duration from 3 min-13 hrs. Mean and median age of patients included was 53 (range 25-81 yrs); 21 were female. Seven of 39 BTH-EEGs showed at least one electrographic seizure, 9 more showed periodic discharges. Follow-up EEGs showed electrographic seizures in 6 of 39 patients, including 3 of the 7 with ictal BTH-EEG, and an additional 3 whose BTH-EEGs showed periodic lateralized discharges but no organized seizures. ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3400028 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3400028 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20307012&dopt=Abstract We examined seven adults with MDD and nine healthy control subjects at rest, and while they viewed images of emotionally neutral faces. The primary purpose was to compare the findings of LORETA with published findings using other neuroimaging techniques. Four frequency bands were examined: delta (1-3 Hz), theta (3-7 Hz), alpha (7-11 Hz), and beta (11-29 Hz). Results showed that for both MDD and control groups, the right amygdala displayed higher overall activity (across frequencies) than the left, both at rest, and while viewing neutral faces. Results also showed that controls displayed significant differences between resting and viewing neutral images across all four bands in the right amygdala, with all four bands having higher CSD values in the right amygdala. There were no significant ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3400027 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3400027 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20307013&dopt=Abstract Authors: Saavedra C, Iglesias J, Olivares EI Brain activity underlying explicit and implicit processing of face familiarity was assessed by Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) elicited by famous and unknown faces with happy or neutral expressions. A set of faces was presented in a familiarity judgment (explicit) task and another in an expression judgment (implicit familiarity) task. After recording, these tasks were repeated exchanging the stimuli, and post-recording behavioral data from the familiarity task were used for re-averaging EEG segments from the expression task. Both explicit and implicit processing of famous faces resulted in an enhanced N250. Explicit processing of famous faces was specifically associated with earlier N400 and P600, with increased activity within brain areas i... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3400026 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3400026 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20307014&dopt=Abstract This study provides the first evidence for positive effects of NF treatment in mental retardation. The results of this study encourage further research. PMID: 20307014 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3400025 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3400025 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20307015&dopt=Abstract Authors: Aydin-Ozemir Z, Terzibasioglu E, Altindag E, Sencer S, Baykan B Studies investigating the pathophysiology of epileptic photosensitivity indicate variable involvement of particular brain regions. Our aim was to identify metabolic differences between photosensitive idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) patients and nonphotosensitive IGE patients and normal healthy subjects by using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). Fourteen patients diagnosed with photosensitive IGE were investigated. The control groups consisted of 14 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers and 14 IGE patients without photosensitivity. MRS measurements of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), creatine (Cr) were performed in the frontal and occipital cortex and the thalamus bilaterall... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3400024 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3400024 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20307016&dopt=Abstract We report a case of a 93-year-old woman admitted with acute right temporo-occipital stroke. Repeated throat clearing episodes raised suspicion for complex partial seizures. Video-EEG recording confirmed frequent right hemispheric focal seizures originating from the right posterior temporal area concordant with her cortical stroke. The value of throat clearing as a sign of complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin and its lateralizing and localizing value is discussed. PMID: 20307016 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3400023 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3400023 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=20307017&dopt=Abstract Authors: Gao J, Zheng C, Wang P The electroencephalogram (EEG) is often contaminated by electromyography (EMG). In this paper, a novel and robust technique is presented to eliminate EMG artifacts from EEG signals in real-time. First, the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method is applied on the simulated EEG data contaminated by EMG and electrooculography (EOG) artifacts for separating EMG artifacts from EEG signals. The components responsible for EMG artifacts are distinguished from those responsible for brain activity based on the relative low autocorrelation. We demonstrate that the CCA method is more suitable to reconstruct the EMG-free EEG data than independent component analysis (ICA) methods. In addition, by applying CCA to analyze a number of EEG data contaminated by EMG ar... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3400022 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3400022 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19780342&dopt=Abstract Authors: Rodin E PMID: 19780342 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2839601 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 14:34:28 +0100 2839601 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19780343&dopt=Abstract This article describes the elementary mechanisms underlying the generation of field potentials and the special functional conditions leading to epileptiform field potentials. Primary transmembranous currents generate secondary ional currents along the cell membranes in intra- and extracellular compartments. The portion of these currents that flows through the brain tissue to the cortical surface can be detected as field potentials. A high synchronization of these field potentials is needed to induce brain signals. Field potentials recorded during epileptic activity are based on alterations in neuronal membrane potentials. Paroxysmal depolarization shift has proved to be characteristic in the epileptiform activity of individual neurons. Epileptiform field potentials are generated in functio... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2839600 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 14:34:25 +0100 2839600 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19780344&dopt=Abstract Authors: Barkmeier DT, Loeb JA Interictal spikes (IIS) are paroxysmal discharges commonly observed in patients with epilepsy which represent an abnormally-synchronized population of hyperexcitable neurons firing as an aggregate. Due to conflicting studies on the clinical significance of IIS, research focusing on IIS has been sparse. However, recent attention on IIS has increased for patients undergoing surgery for intractable epilepsy as a means to identify epileptic foci for surgical resection. There is growing evidence that IIS are not asymptomatic as has been commonly accepted. Other than epilepsy, IIS have been associated with a wide range of behavioral and psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit disorder, anxiety disorders and psychoses. For these reasons, a well-charac... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2839599 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 14:34:23 +0100 2839599 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19780345&dopt=Abstract Authors: Boutros N The current view of the psychiatric significance of inter-ictal spike discharges (IIS) in nonepileptic, psychiatric patients is that the discharges are "incidental" and are of no clinical significance. Hence, despite a voluminous literature suggestive that such discharges may have clinical relevance, electroencephalograms are hardly ever recorded in nonepileptic psychiatric patients. This literature is briefly summarized, and one detailed example of a disorder (i.e., autistic spectrum disorders) where such discharges are particularly common is provided. The argument is made that this is an area of psychiatry that is under-investigated and that research devoted to elucidating the mechanisms of development of IIS, their possible clinical relevance, and the role of anti... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2839598 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 14:34:20 +0100 2839598 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19780346&dopt=Abstract "All that spikes is not fits", mistaking the woods for the trees: the interictal spikes--an "EEG chameleon" in the interface disorders of brain and mind: a critical review. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2009 Oct;40(4):245-61 Authors: Shelley BP, Trimble MR Recent research into mammalian cortical neurophysiology, after 6 decades of Berger's seminal work on electroencephalography, has shifted the older concept of interictal epileptiform activity (IEA) away from that of a mere electrographic graphoelement of relevance to diagnostic implications in epilepsy. Instead, accumulating information has stressed the neuropsychological implications, cognitive and/or behavioral consequence of these electrophysiological events, which are the phenotypic expression of aberrations of actual biophysical cel... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2839597 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 14:34:17 +0100 2839597 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19780347&dopt=Abstract Authors: Harner R Since the 1970s advances in science and technology during each succeeding decade have renewed the expectation of efficient, reliable automatic epileptiform spike detection (AESD). But even when reinforced with better, faster tools, clinically reliable unsupervised spike detection remains beyond our reach. Expert-selected spike parameters were the first and still most widely used for AESD. Thresholds for amplitude, duration, sharpness, rise-time, fall-time, after-coming slow waves, background frequency, and more have been used. It is still unclear which of these wave parameters are essential, beyond peak-peak amplitude and duration. Wavelet parameters are very appropriate to AESD but need to be combined with other parameters to achieve desired levels of spike detection... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2839596 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 14:34:15 +0100 2839596 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19780348&dopt=Abstract Authors: Funke M, Constantino T, Van Orman C, Rodin E Magnetoencephalograpy (MEG) and Electroencephalography (EEG) provide physicians with complementary data and should not be regarded as mutually exclusive evaluative methods of cerebral activity. Relevant to this edition, MEG applications related to the surgical treatment of epilepsy will be discussed exclusively. Combined MEG/EEG data collection and analysis should be a routine diagnostic practice for patients who are still suffering seizures due to the failure of drug therapy. Clinicians in the field of epilepsy agree that a greater number of patients would benefit from surgery than are currently referred for pre-surgical evaluation. Regardless of age or presumed epilepsy syndrome, all patients deserve the possibility of living seiz... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2839595 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 14:34:12 +0100 2839595 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19780349&dopt=Abstract Authors: Rose S, Ebersole JS EEG interpretation by visual inspection of waveforms, using the assumption that activity at a given electrode is a representation of only the activity of the cortex immediately beneath it, has been the traditional form of EEG analysis since its inception. The relatively recent advent of digital EEG has allowed more advanced analysis of EEG data and has shown that the simple visual inspection described above is a simplistic form of analysis. This is especially true when one is attempting to localize an epileptogenic focus using EEG spikes or seizure onset data. Spatiotemporal analysis of scalp voltage fields has allowed for improved localization of likely cerebral origins of such waveforms. Equivalent dipole source modeling is one such technique and, althoug... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2839594 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 14:34:10 +0100 2839594 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19780350&dopt=Abstract Authors: Rodin E, Constantino T, Rampp S, Wong PK Digital EEG analysis provides significantly more information to the clinical electroencephalographer (EEGer) for scalp as well as for intracranial monitoring than is currently being routinely utilized. When modern data analysis software is used, interictal spikes contain considerably more information than had previously been ascribed to them. To optimize the diagnostic value of the EEG, sleep recordings after sleep deprivation is valuable because focal spikes, unless abundant, are relatively rare in the waking state. Recording time should also be sufficiently long to allow spikes to emerge. Spikes are always pathologic and can be associated with impaired cerebral perfusion, metabolic changes and concomitant behavioral changes. They can ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2839593 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 14:34:07 +0100 2839593 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19715175&dopt=Abstract Authors: Kirschstein T, Köhling R Neurons in the human cortex generally process their information by means of electrical signals and thus enable the electrical recording of their activity, the electroencephalogram (EEG). Due to their unique orientation with their long apical dendrites perpendicular to the cortical surface, large cortical pyramidal neurons in deep cortical layers play a major role in the generation of the EEG. Specific and non-specific thalamic nuclei, as well as distant cortical areas, terminate on these apical dendrites and form myriads of excitatory and inhibitory afferents. The release of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters by these fibers activates specific postsynaptic receptors and generates excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, respecti... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752680 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2752680 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19715176&dopt=Abstract In conclusion, our study of brain sources of EEG alpha reactivity provides information that is not evident in the usual topographic analysis. PMID: 19715176 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752679 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2752679 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19715177&dopt=Abstract Authors: Oppenheim I, Mühlmann H, Blechinger G, Mothersill IW, Hilfiker P, Jokeit H, Kurthen M, Krämer G, Grunwald T Since the ancient world, architecture generally distinguishes two categories of buildings with either high- or low-ranking design. High-ranking buildings are supposed to be more prominent and, therefore, more memorable. Here, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to drawings of buildings with either high- or low-ranking architectural ornaments and found that ERP responses between 300 and 600 ms after stimulus presentation recorded over both frontal lobes were significantly more positive in amplitude to high-ranking buildings. Thus, ERPs differentiated reliably between both classes of architectural stimuli although subjects were not aware of the two catego... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752678 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2752678 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19715178&dopt=Abstract Authors: Saunamäki T, Jehkonen M, Huupponen E, Polo O, Himanen SL The aims of this study are to clarify whether patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have a decline in verbally or visually-based cognitive abilities and whether the possible decline is related to particular sleep depth changes. In addition, the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the possible changes is investigated. Fifteen OSAS patients and 15 healthy controls joined two full-night polysomnographies, including a computational measure of deep sleep percentage (DS%) bilaterally from the frontal, central and occipital channels, and a neuropsychological assessment. After a 6-month CPAP the patients underwent one more full-night polysomnography with computational DS% analysis and a n... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752677 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2752677 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19715179&dopt=Abstract This study suggested qEEG as a possible physiological tool in the assessment of cognitive aspects in PD. PMID: 19715179 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752676 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2752676 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19715180&dopt=Abstract Authors: Tan G, Thornby J, Hammond DC, Strehl U, Canady B, Arnemann K, Kaiser DA About one third of patients with epilepsy do not benefit from medical treatment. For these patients electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback is a viable alternative. EEG biofeedback, or neurofeedback, normalizes or enhances EEG activity by means of operant conditioning. While dozens of scientific reports have been published on neurofeedback for seizure disorder, most have been case series with too few subjects to establish efficacy. The purpose of this paper is to meta-analyze existing research on neurofeedback and epilepsy. We analyzed every EEG biofeedback study indexed in MedLine, PsychInfo, and PsychLit databases between 1970 and 2005 on epilepsy that provided seizure frequency change in response to f... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752675 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2752675 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19715181&dopt=Abstract In this study selected research on neurofeedback treatment for ADHD was collected and a meta-analysis was performed. Both prospective controlled studies and studies employing a pre- and post-design found large effect sizes (ES) for neurofeedback on impulsivity and inattention and a medium ES for hyperactivity. Randomized studies demonstrated a lower ES for hyperactivity suggesting that hyperactivity is probably most sensitive to nonspecific treatment factors. Due to the inclusion of some very recent and sound methodological studies in this meta-analysis, potential confounding factors such as small studies, lack of randomization in previous studies and a lack of adequate control groups have been addressed, and the clinical effects of neurofeedback in the treatment of ADHD can be regarded as... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752674 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2752674 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19715182&dopt=Abstract In conclusion following CM the latencies of neural generators corresponding to cortical areas is prolonged, whereas following SR a similar change occurs at mesencephalic-diencephalic levels. PMID: 19715182 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752673 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2752673 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19715183&dopt=Abstract Authors: Bouwman NA, Verhagen WI, Meulstee J A 87-year-old woman was admitted with a rapidly progressive confusion, disorientation and myoclonus, all suggestive of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). This diagnosis was initially strongly supported by the EEG, which showed slow background activity and triphasic waves, combined with the finding of an increased level of 14-3-3 protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. Remarkably, this patient had also developed hypothermia, which, after warming-up, resulted in alleviation of the mental disturbances and disappearance of myoclonus. Over time, the EEG abnormalities disappeared. She recovered clinically for which reason the diagnosis of sCJD had to be rejected; however, she kept the inability to maintain body temperature (poikilothermia). Th... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752672 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2752672 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19715184&dopt=Abstract Authors: Tedrus GM, Fonseca LC, Castilho DP, Bossoni AS Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is common during childhood, but there are few reports in the literature recording the EEG during a seizure. We studied an 8-year-old boy with oropharyngeal seizures during wakefulness and sleep. Both his neuropsychomotor development and neurological examination were normal. While awake, the subjects's electroencephalogram (EEG) showed normal background activity and epileptiform activity characterized by spikes in the temporal regions (mid and anterior), central region of the right cerebral hemisphere and in the median central and parietal regions. During sleep, his EEG recorded an epileptic seizure that lasted 46 seconds. In the initial phase, the EEG showed an increase ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752671 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2752671 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19715185&dopt=Abstract We describe an electrical EEG artifact seen during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). This artifact was spiky waves that disappeared with grounding of the CRRT device allowing accurate interpretation of the EEG tracing. PMID: 19715185 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752670 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2752670 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19534298&dopt=Abstract Authors: Geddes JR PMID: 19534298 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525414 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525414 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19534299&dopt=Abstract Authors: Geddes JR, Carney S Evidence-based medicine (EBM) was introduced to meet the increasing need of clinicians to keep up-to-date with the research evidence. EBM integrates advances in information technology with those in clinical epidemiology (the study of the distribution and determinants of disease) to provide a coherent strategy for the timely acquisition of the best available evidence on which to base clinical practice. A fundamental component of EBM has been the development of the methodology of research synthesis. Although the main driver of the development of EBM has been to get existing research into practice, the same approach can be used to inform the development of treatments. PMID: 19534299 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525410 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525410 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19534300&dopt=Abstract In conclusion, the examined indices are good candidates but are not ready yet for clinical applications aimed to improve present diagnostic standards for schizophrenia. Further research carried out according to adequate methodological standards and based on large scale multi-center studies is mandatory. PMID: 19534300 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525404 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525404 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19534301&dopt=Abstract Authors: Leuchter AF, Cook IA, Hunter A, Korb A Approximately 50% of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) respond to the first antidepressant medication prescribed, and fewer than one-third experience remission of symptoms. The most significant challenge in the management of MDD, therefore, is selection of the antidepressant medication that is most likely to lead to response or to remission for an individual patient. There is a growing body of evidence that certain clinical neurophysiologic techniques may be useful for selecting the medication that is most likely benefit each patient. Use of low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA), loudness dependent auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), and resting state quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) in the clinical sett... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525403 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525403 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19534302&dopt=Abstract Authors: Clark CR, Galletly CA, Ash DJ, Moores KA, Penrose RA, McFarlane AC We provide a systematic, evidence-based medicine (EBM) review of the field of electrophysiology in the anxiety disorders. Presently, electrophysiological studies of anxiety focus primarily on etiological aspects of brain dysfunction. The review highlights many functional similarities across studies, but also identifies patterns that clearly differentiate disorder classifications. Such measures offer clinical utility as reliable and objective indicators of brain dysfunction in individuals and indicate potential as biomarkers for the improvement of diagnostic specificity and for informing treatment decisions and prognostic assessments. Common to most of the anxiety disorders is basal instability in cortical arous... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525402 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525402 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19534303&dopt=Abstract Authors: Cantor DS, Chabot R Quantifying EEG measures across age allows the ability to establish parameters of normalcy at any age which can be used as a reference when children exhibit developmental delays in their abilities and/or other atypical and maladaptive behaviors. A review of the current literature on the utilization of QEEG methods to serve as an aid for identifying these children as distinctively different from normal, and in some cases as distinctive from other clinical considerations has been shown to provide a sufficient sensitivity and specificity worthy of consideration as a diagnostic aid in evaluating clinical deviations in development. Furthermore, these same QEEG measures can provide a means of establishing treatment efficacy for the evident brain dysfunctions unde... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525401 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525401 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19534304&dopt=Abstract Authors: Ceballos NA, Bauer LO, Houston RJ Research on electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates of substance use has a long history. The present paper provides a review of recent studies--2001 to the present--with a focus on EEG findings in human participants characterized by a history of chronic substance use, abuse or dependence. In some areas (e.g., alcohol and cocaine dependence), the field has attempted to build upon earlier work by incorporating different methodologies or pursuing research questions of a transdisciplinary nature. New areas of inquiry, such as the investigation of EEG differences among users of ecstasy (MDMA) and methamphetamine, have emerged, primarily as a result of an alarming rise in popularity of these drugs. PMID: 19534304 [PubMed - in process] (Source: ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525400 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525400 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19534305&dopt=Abstract In conclusion, despite the wealth of published research and reported high indexes of diagnostic accuracy of EEG, and qEEG in particular, in individual studies, evidence of diagnostic utility of resting EEG in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is still not sufficient to establish this method for the initial evaluation of subjects with cognitive impairment in the routine clinical practice. Joint effort of preferably multicenter studies using uniform standards should develop optimized methods, investigate added diagnostic value of EEG in clinically established dementia diagnosis and predictive utility of EEG in MCI and questionable dementia. PMID: 19534305 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525399 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525399 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19534306&dopt=Abstract Authors: Buchsbaum MS In this issue a series of outstanding and comprehensive reviews of the progress of electrophysiological biomarkers or endophenotype indicators in psychiatric illnesses is presented. These reviews establish presence of electrophysiological abnormalities in symptom-based diagnoses of schizophrenia, dementia, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and childhood disorders. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity remain modest in most studies as may be expected for the relationship of indicators of underlying dimensions of brain organization and function when compared by interview-obtained symptom assessment. The power of electrophysiology to mirror pharmacological effects and treatment susceptability is an important resarch direction for electrophysiology. PMID: 19534... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525398 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525398 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19278125&dopt=Abstract Authors: Herning RI PMID: 19278125 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2261073 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2261073 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19278126&dopt=Abstract Authors: Knyazev GG, Slobodskoy-Plusnin JY High sensitivity of the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) was shown to be one of the strongest predictors of substance use (SU). It was hypothesized that individuals with high BAS sensitivity would experience higher emotional arousal in the reward expectancy situation and lower in the punishment expectancy situation than individuals with low BAS activity. The level of emotional arousal indicated by theta spectral power, and general cortical excitability indicated by high frequency oscillations (HFO), were measured in a sample of young people who filled out Carver and White's Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Approach System (BIS/BAS) scales. Frontal theta and HFO increased in high BAS scorers during expectation of reward and decreased dur... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2261072 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2261072 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19278127&dopt=Abstract This study provides the first evidence for positive effects of neurofeedback treatment in antisocial personality disorders. Further study with controls is warranted. PMID: 19278127 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2261071 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2261071 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19278128&dopt=Abstract Authors: Knott V, Shah D, Fisher D, Millar A, Prise S, Scott TL, Thompson M Research into the effects of nicotine and smoking on cognition has largely confirmed the subjective reports of smoking in smokers on mental functions, showing smoking abstinence to disrupt and smoking/nicotine to restore cognitive functioning. Evidence of performance improvements in nonsmokers has provided partial support for the absolute effects of nicotine on cognitive processes, which are independent of withdrawal relief, but the mechanisms underlying its pro-cognitive properties still remain elusive. The attentional facilitation frequently reported with smoking/nicotine may be indirectly related to its diffuse arousal-enhancing actions, as evidenced by electroencephalographic (EEG) fast frequency power incr... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2261070 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2261070 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19278129&dopt=Abstract Authors: Lindsey KP, Lukas SE, MacLean RR, Ryan ET, Reed KR, Frederick B Several popularly abused drugs, such as nicotine (tobacco) and THC (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol) (marihuana) are commonly self-administered by the smoked route. Although the neuronal substrates mediating the effect of smoked drugs are of interest, studies of their acute actions in living human brain has been difficult due to the unique constraints imposed by neuroimaging equipment and scanning environments. We have previously reported a device for the self-administration of smoked drugs with concurrent blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI imaging. Here we report improvements to the device which result in improved drug delivery to the smoker. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of nicotine reco... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2261069 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2261069 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19278130&dopt=Abstract This article reviews the extant literature on neurocognition, brain structure, and brain function in adolescent substance users with an emphasis on the most commonly used substances, and in the context of ongoing neuromaturational processes. Methodological and treatment implications are provided. PMID: 19278130 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2261067 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2261067 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19278131&dopt=Abstract Authors: Copersino ML, Heming RI, Better W, Cadet JL, Gorelick DA EEG and cerebral blood flow abnormalities have been documented in chronic cocaine abusers. To identify possible relationships between EEG and blood flow changes and their relationship to the intensity of cocaine use, we recorded the resting eyes-closed EEG and anterior (ACA) and middle (MCA) cerebral artery blood flow velocity during systole (V(S)) and diastole (V(D)) by transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography of 99 (76 male, 23 female; mean [SD] age 34.3 [5.2] years, 8.6 [5.5] years of cocaine use, 17.8 [7.7] days of cocaine use in month prior to screening) cocaine users within 5 days of admission to a closed research unit. Forty-two non-drug-using, age-matched control subjects (22 male, 20 female) were tested as outpatie... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2261065 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2261065 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19044213&dopt=Abstract Authors: Rieger JW, Kim A, Argyelan M, Farber M, Glazman S, Liebeskind M, Meyer T, Bodis-Wollner I In Parkinson Disease (PD) several aspects of saccades are affected. The saccade-generating brainstem neurons are spared, however, the signals they receive may be flawed. In particular voluntary saccades suffer, but the functional anatomy of the impairment of saccade-related cortical control is unknown. We measured blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) activation with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) while healthy participants and patients with PD performed horizontal voluntary saccades between peripheral visual targets or fixated centrally. We compared saccade-related BOLD-activity vs. fixation in patients with PD and in healthy controls and correlated perisaccadic BOLD-act... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2008179 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2008179 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19044214&dopt=Abstract In conclusion, cordance may detect the pharmacological effects of antidepressant medication in normal subjects. Future studies should examine other classes of medication, as well as antidepressants with other mechanisms of action, to determine if cordance detects antidepressant medication effects in general in normal subjects. PMID: 19044214 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2008178 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2008178 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19044215&dopt=Abstract Authors: Hughes JR, Dorner E, Wind M Many studies report that left-handers have a shorter longevity than right-handers, and the present study may provide a possible explanation for that finding. In a Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit for the elderly with a mean age of 75.2 years the prevalence of left-handers was 16.7%. This latter value was significantly different (p = 0.0028) from the 6.7% in controls of similar age. These data suggest that heart disease may be one reason for a reduced longevity among left-handers. Left-handers use the right hemisphere for movement, and unilateral activation of that hemisphere in the form of EEG desynchronization and deactivation in the form of EEG slow waves are both related to cardiac abnormalities. PMID: 19044215 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clini... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2008177 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2008177 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19044216&dopt=Abstract Authors: Kenangil G, Orken DN, Yalcin D, Gündogdu L, Forta H Two cases of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction (BPTI) showing triphasic waves (TWs) on the electroencephalogram (EEG) at acute stage are presented in this study. BPTI is a rare syndrome with decreased level of consciousness, gaze abnormalities and cognitive deterioration. TWs are nonspecific EEG findings occurring in both metabolic and nonmetabolic conditions. The TWs in BPTI might be related to level of consciousness and does not always predict a poor prognosis in BPTI. PMID: 19044216 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2008176 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2008176 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19044217&dopt=Abstract Authors: Niedermeyer E A prominent theta rhythm dominates the EEG of rodents such as rabbits, rats and mice. This rhythmical activity is preponderant in the hippocampus and may become quite widespread; it is usually arousal-related and generated by cholinergic mechanisms. This pattern has been intensively studied by experimental neuroscientists but is rather little known in circles of clinical electroencephalographers. Hippocampic theta rhythm is also found in canines and felines but at a clearly lesser degree and is practically absent in monkeys and humans. An olfactory memory of the macrosmatic rodents helps us understand "the world in which they live," their EEG patterns being an objective sign of their neuropsychology. PMID: 19044217 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2008175 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2008175 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19044218&dopt=Abstract Authors: Stephane M, Ince NF, Leuthold A, Pellizzer G, Tewfik AH, Surerus C, Kuskowski M, McClannahan K The studies of the neural correlates of verbal working memory in schizophrenia are somewhat inconsistent. This could be related to experimental paradigms that engage differentially working memory components or methodological limitations in terms of characterization of brain activity. Magnetoencephalographic recordings were obtained on 10 schizophrenia patients and 11 healthy controls while performing a modified Sternberg paradigm to investigate subprocesses of verbal working memory. A new method for temporospatial characterization of brain oscillations was applied to whole head recordings and a 1-48 Hz frequency range. Patients differed from controls in event-related synchronization/... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2008174 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2008174 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19044219&dopt=Abstract Authors: Walker JE Medically intractable seizures appear to be highly correlated with focal slow activity (delta or theta). They also correlate highly with decreases in the coherence of theta. Normalization of focal slowing and of decreased theta coherence will probably be the neurofeedback approaches most likely to decrease or eliminate seizures in future cases. Neurofeedback has been used for over 35 years to reduce the incidence and severity of seizures. With power training to decrease theta and increase the sensorimotor rhythm (12-15 Hz), an average of 82% of patients experienced a significant reduction in seizure frequency, and occasional remissions were seen. Recent improvements using QEEG to guide neurofeedback training have made it possible to eliminate seizures in most patient... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2008173 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2008173 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19044220&dopt=Abstract The objective of this article is to report a clinical case of alpha coma pattern in a child with neuroblastoma. The EEG pattern was recorded during the evolution of treatment, secondary to complicating septic encephalopathy. The alpha coma pattern was replaced by a normal trace following a favorable outcome after sepsis resolution. PMID: 19044220 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2008172 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2008172 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19044221&dopt=Abstract Authors: Setz JM, van der Linde AA, Gerrits GP, Meulstee J An 11-year-old female was seen at our outpatient clinic with a broad variety of symptoms that were due to elemental mercury intoxication. Electromyography and sequential electroencephalography findings obtained at days 2, 36, 88 and 148 are described. The patient was treated with chelation therapy during which she clinically improved considerably. A profound decrease in urinary mercury concentration occurred as well as normalization of the electroencephalogram. PMID: 19044221 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2008171 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2008171 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=19044222&dopt=Abstract We present here an interesting non-physiological EEG artifact generated by cardiopulmonary resuscitation efforts. PMID: 19044222 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2008170 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2008170 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18751558&dopt=Abstract Authors: George MS PMID: 18751558 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817581 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817581 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18751559&dopt=Abstract In conclusion, CI in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, motor cortex and parietal cortex were similar at 120% of motor threshold. These data suggest that CI can be recorded by combining TMS with EEG and may facilitate future research attempting to ascertain the role of CI in the pathophysiology of several neurologic and psychiatric disorders. PMID: 18751559 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817580 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817580 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18751560&dopt=Abstract Authors: Spronk D, Arns M, Bootsma A, van Ruth R, Fitzgerald PB Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for depression has been under investigation in many controlled studies over the last 20 years. Little is known about the neurobiological action of rTMS in patients. We therefore investigated pre- and post-treatment effects on QEEG, ERP's and behavior (BDI and NEO-FFI). rTMS treatment was applied in 8 subjects for an average of 21 sessions to the left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (left DLPFC). Clients were assessed on a QEEG and Oddball ERP evaluation pre- and post-treatment. Clients were stimulated over the left DLPFC with 10 Hz rTMS (100% MT). Furthermore, rTMS treatment was complimented by psychotherapy. All subjects showed full remission within 20 sessions ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817579 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817579 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18751561&dopt=Abstract Authors: Funk AP, George MS We review studies that have used EEG as a response biomarker in depression, and then present preliminary EEG change data from an ongoing TMS depression treatment trial. These data in 4 depressed subjects over 3 weeks of treatment suggest but do not prove that there may be asymmetry changes that occur both within a daily TMS session and over the course of several weeks that may be associated with antidepressant response. EEG shows potential as a biomarker of response for depression treatments, particularly the brain stimulation devices, which, unlike medications, can focally interact with neural tissue in specific frequency patterns. PMID: 18751561 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817578 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817578 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18751562&dopt=Abstract In conclusion, the findings are not sufficient, under our current clinical treatment regime, to support the use of background alpha activity or frontal asymmetry as proxies for clinical assessment. Several findings, however, provide support for further research in this direction. PMID: 18751562 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817577 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817577 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18751563&dopt=Abstract In conclusion, the findings of less alpha desynchronization post-TMS are compatible with notions of slow rTMS causing a decrease in cortical excitation. PMID: 18751563 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817576 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817576 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18751564&dopt=Abstract Authors: Cycowicz YM, Luber B, Spellman T, Lisanby SH Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is under development as a means of reducing the side effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) through enhanced control over patterns of seizure induction and spread. We previously reported that chronic treatment with MST resulted in less impairment in cognitive function than electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in a non-human primate model of convulsive therapy. Here we present quantitative analyses of ictal expression and post-ictal suppression following ECS, MST, and anesthesia-alone sham in the same model to test whether differential neurophysiological characteristics of the seizures could be identified. Rhesus monkeys received 4 weeks of daily treatment with ECS, MST, and anesthesia-alone sham in a coun... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817575 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817575 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18751565&dopt=Abstract In conclusion these data provide evidence to suggest that in the DLPFC, there is no direct relationship between GABA(B) receptor mediated inhibitory neurotransmission and gamma band activity. However, our data does suggest that LICI was related to 3-back performance providing evidence implicating DLPFC GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission in WM performance. PMID: 18751565 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817574 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817574 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18450167&dopt=Abstract Authors: Salisbury D PMID: 18450167 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817597 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817597 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18450168&dopt=Abstract Authors: McCarley RW, Nakamura M, Shenton ME, Salisbury DF The electrical activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and the event-related potentials extracted from the EEG provide the greatest temporal resolution for examining brain function. When coupled with the high spatial resolution of structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), the combined techniques provide a powerful tool for neuroscience in the examination of brain abnormalities in major psychiatric illnesses. Over the last 20 years, our work has examined brain structure and function in schizophrenia. Both EEG and MRI measures have indicated profound abnormalities in schizophrenia within the temporal lobe, particularly marked over the left hemisphere. Our studies of patients first hospitalized due to psychosis revealed the... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817594 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817594 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18450169&dopt=Abstract Authors: Mulert C, Pogarell O, Hegerl U Neurophysiological findings such as reduced amplitudes of the P300 potential in patients with schizophrenia are among the most robust findings in biological psychiatry. An enormous literature with findings of abnormal central processing in psychiatric diseases has been acquired during the last decades. However, the benefit of this research has been limited in part due to the unresolved problem of precise and correct localization of the underlying neural generators. The difficulty of correct localization is due to the fact that different constellations of cortical neuroelectric generators can produce identical EEG activity. Therefore, even concerning several major event related potentials no generally accepted knowledge about their cerebral genera... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817593 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817593 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18450170&dopt=Abstract Authors: Spencer KM Gamma oscillations may play an important role in the representation of information in the brain by synchronizing the firing of neurons in local and distributed neural circuits. The Bleulerian conceptualization of schizophrenia as "disintegration of thought and personality" suggests that neural mechanisms responsible for the integration of neural activity, such as gamma oscillations, might be particularly disrupted in this disorder. Here we review studies of gamma oscillations in healthy and schizophrenic individuals performing visual perception tasks. The findings suggest that schizophrenia is associated with a variety of abnormalities of visual gamma oscillations, which appear to be linked to core symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. The relationships ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817592 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817592 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18450171&dopt=Abstract Authors: Cromwell HC, Mears RP, Wan L, Boutros NN Sensory gating (SG) is a prevalent physiological process important for information filtering in complex systems. SG is evaluated by presenting repetitious stimuli and measuring the degree of neural inhibition that occurs. SG has been found to be impaired in several psychiatric disorders. Recent animal and human research has made great progress in the study of SG, and in this review we provide an overview of recent research on SG using different methods. Animal research has uncovered findings that suggest (1) SG is displayed by single neurons and can be similar to SG observed from scalp recordings in humans, (2) SG is found in numerous brain structures located in sensory, motor and limbic subregions, (3) SG can be significantly influence... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817591 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817591 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18450172&dopt=Abstract Authors: Pearlson GD, Folley BS Psychiatric illnesses are perceived as fundamentally different from common medical disorders, a view arising from the mind-body problem and difficulties relating the brain's emergent properties to its physiological substrates. However, schizophrenia and many common medical illnesses are heritable and result from the influence of both genetic and environmental sources. Unlike illnesses such as Huntington's disease, which are caused by a fully penetrant dominant mutation, no single "schizophrenia gene" has been identified. Instead, schizophrenia is likely caused by common variants of many genes, each contributing a subtle effect. Schizophrenia genetically resembles common medical illnesses such as type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and familial hyper... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817590 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817590 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18450173&dopt=Abstract Authors: Hall MH, Rijsdijk F The use of endophenotypes (intermediate quantitative traits) is one strategy that may provide valuable information about the neural mechanisms underlying disease etiology and facilitate discovery of susceptibility genes. For a trait to be an appropriate endophenotype, several key features should exist. In this article we discuss validating potential electrophysiological endophenotypes for schizophrenia based on conventionally accepted criteria. We focus on applying a twin study design and model fitting techniques to evaluate whether three event-related potential paradigms (P300, P50, and MMN) meet criteria as valid endophenotypes of schizophrenia. PMID: 18450173 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817589 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817589 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18450174&dopt=Abstract Authors: Mathalon DH, Ford JM Evidence is accumulating that schizophrenia is characterized by dysfunction of efference copy/corollary discharge mechanisms that normally allow us to unconsciously recognize and disregard sensations resulting from our own actions. This dysfunction may give rise to subtle but pervasive sensory/perceptual aberrations in schizophrenic patients, altering their experience of their own overt and covert actions, as well as their interactions with the environment. It may also contribute to symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, and may disrupt the motivation to engage with people and in activities. We developed neurophysiological paradigms to study motor-sensory feed-forward processes, or efference copy/corollary discharge mechanisms, in the speech-audito... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817588 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817588 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18450175&dopt=Abstract Authors: Hoffman RE Auditory/verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are comprised of spoken conversational speech seeming to arise from specific, nonself speakers. One hertz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) reduces excitability in the brain region stimulated. Studies utilizing 1-Hz rTMS delivered to the left temporoparietal cortex, a brain area critical to speech perception, have demonstrated statistically significant improvements in AVHs relative to sham simulation. A novel mechanism of AVHs is proposed whereby dramatic pre-psychotic social withdrawal prompts neuroplastic reorganization by the "social brain" to produce spurious social meaning via hallucinations of conversational speech. Preliminary evidence supporting this hypothesis includes a very high rate of social withdr... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817587 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817587 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18450176&dopt=Abstract Authors: Strik W, Dierks T, Hubl D, Horn H Auditory hallucinations and formal thought disorders are major diagnostic features of schizophrenia. From a neurobiological point of view, they are of particular interest since both can be attributed to the language domain of human communication. In the last decade, brain imaging studies have contributed to the understanding of the functional dynamics underlying these phenomena. In particular, auditory hallucinations were found to involve the regions generating inner speech as well as the primary acoustical cortex and the intrahemispheric fiber bundles connecting the left frontal with the temporal lobe. In patients with formal thought disorders, on the other hand, the left temporal language area showed structural deficits and functional abnorm... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817586 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817586 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18450177&dopt=Abstract Authors: Niznikiewicz M Language abnormalities in schizophrenia are regarded as a hallmark of the disease. Clinical investigations provided accurate descriptions of the different manifestations of abnormal language use, and behavioral studies suggested several mechanisms that might contribute to these abnormalities. This review focuses on semantic memory dysfunction and, primarily, on functional methodologies such as ERP and fMRI that provide more direct measures of abnormal neural mechanisms related to language use in schizophrenia. In addition, the review points to future directions of study of the areas that received little attention thus far and whose investigation might contribute to a more detailed understanding of semantic memory dysfunction in schizophrenia. PMID: 18450177 ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817585 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817585 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18450178&dopt=Abstract This article provides an overview of recent studies from our laboratory that have used event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging to elucidate abnormalities in temporal and spatial patterns of neural activity as meaning is built from language and real-world visual events in schizophrenia. Our findings support the hypothesis that automatic activity across semantic memory spreads further within a shorter period of time in thought-disordered patients, relative to non-thought-disordered patients and healthy controls. Neuroanatomically, increased activity to semantic associates is reflected by inappropriate recruitment of temporal cortices. In building meaning within sentences, the fine balance between semantic memory-based mechanisms and semantic-syntactic integration (... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817584 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817584 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18450179&dopt=Abstract We describe a model of initial semantic memory hyper-priming and subsequent decay of information in verbal working memory stores, the activation-maintenance model of schizophrenic thought disorder hypothesized to underlie the thought disorder in schizophrenia. PMID: 18450179 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817583 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817583 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18450180&dopt=Abstract Authors: Lynn SK, Salisbury DF In psychiatrically-well subjects the modulation of event related potentials (ERPs) by emotional facial expressions is found in several ERPs from -100 ms and later. A face-related EPR, the N170, is abnormally reduced in schizophrenia to faces relative to other complex objects and research suggests emotional modulation of N170 may be reduced as well. To further examine facial emotion modulation of N170, subjects detected neutral facial expressions from among five emotional expressions (happy, sad, fearful, angry, and disgusted). Over occipitotemporal sites, psychiatrically-well subjects showed bilateral differences in N170 amplitude among expressions (P = 0.014). Schizophrenia subjects failed to show this modulation (P = 0.551). Accuracy on the task did not... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817582 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817582 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18318412&dopt=Abstract Authors: Hughes JR Photic stimulation is part of a typical EEG in most countries, especially to check on the photoparoxysmal response (PPR). Interest in this response was enhanced in 1997 when hundreds of Japanese children had attacks while viewing a TV cartoon called "Pokemon." The overall prevalence of the PPR among patients requiring an EEG is approximately 0.8%, but 1.7% in children and 8.87% in patients with epilepsy, more often in Caucasians and females. Autosomal dominant inheritance is indicated, and this response is seen especially at the wavelength of 700 nm or at the flicker frequency of 15-18 Hz. The PPR extending beyond the stimulus carries no increased risk of seizures. Prognosis is generally good, especially after 20 years of age. Attention to PPR has been increased with... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817612 Tue, 01 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817612 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18318413&dopt=Abstract Authors: Niedermeyer E This is a renewed diagnostic approach to vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency (VBI)--a condition which stood in the focus of this author's interest several decades ago. The time for a revisitation has come. The EEG findings consist mainly of generally reduced voltage output and enhanced photic driving response. There is also some theta activity over anterior temporal and midtemporal region, but this finding is common in the early stage of all cerebrovascular disorders. Dysfunction of the pontine portion of the ascending reticular formation might be the cause of the lowered voltage output. The enhanced photic driving might be due to very light hypoxia of the visual cortex. PMID: 18318413 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817611 Tue, 01 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817611 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18318414&dopt=Abstract This report will demonstrate that this may not be the case and presents some data about its potential clinical usefulness. Archived EEGs of 29 seizures from 6 children with absence attacks, accompanied by 3 Hz classical spike-wave discharges (SW), were compared with 20 partial seizures from 10 adult patients. The data from the children were acquired on a Bio-logic system, those from the adults on a Grass-Telefactor instrument. In the children the original 30-minute routine EEG was used while in the adults stored videomonitored data were excerpted to provide 20-minute segments which included the preictal, ictal and postictal state. All data were analyzed with the BESA software package. The seizures were evaluated separately on conventional filter settings, full band of 0.01-to the upper lim... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817610 Tue, 01 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817610 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18318415&dopt=Abstract In conclusion, ictal scalp EEG in MTLE allows correct lateralization and localization in most of the seizures. Onset patterns may vary considerably; however, a later significant pattern consisting of rhythmic ipsilateral temporal build-up develops in the majority of seizures. Some ictal EEG characteristics may be related to post-operative outcome. PMID: 18318415 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817609 Tue, 01 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817609 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18318416&dopt=Abstract Authors: Yong T, Chayasirisobhon S, Yoshina JS, Tin SN, Tehrani K, Skinner SE, Markus E, Spurgeon BD, Gurbani S Midline spikes are characterized by spike foci recorded at Cz, Fz, or Pz with amplitude ranging from 20 to 350 microvolts. Out of 7,929 EEGs performed at the Neurodiagnostics Laboratory, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Anaheim, California, between 1996 and 2006, 17 EEGs (0.21%) were identified as having interictal midline spikes with or without other epileptiform discharges. Eight EEGs showed midline spikes at Cz, 2 at Fz, 2 at Cz and Fz, 1 at Cz and C3, 1 at Cz, C3, and P3, 1 at Cz and F8, 1 at Cz and T4, and 1 at Cz with 2 Hz generalized spike and slow wave complex. Midline spikes were recorded in 10 males and 7 females. The age ranged from 4 days to 38-years-old with a m... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817608 Tue, 01 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817608 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18318417&dopt=Abstract Authors: Tezer FI, Sahin G, Ciger A, Saygi S The presence of focal EEG abnormalities in juvenile absence syndrome (JAS) may cause it to be misdiagnosed as focal epilepsy. The purpose of our study was to determine the presence of focal EEG abnormalities in patients with JAS and to ascertain whether some clinical features or antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have an effect on focality. Serial EEGs of 52 consecutive patients with JAS were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they were treated with valproic acid and/or lamotrigine (VA-LTG) or not during the times of these EEG recordings. The relationship between the presence of EEG focality and the use of AEDs in addition to other risk factors was examined. Two or three consecutive EEGs (total 1... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817607 Tue, 01 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817607 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18318418&dopt=Abstract Authors: Niedermeyer E A report of severe akinetic episodes in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) has been the stimulus for the following discussion of akinesia and its variants. Severe persistent akinesia may occur in frontal lobe impairment. Therefore, it is likely that extension of the Parkinsonian dysfunction into the frontal lobe causes severe akinesia which should be separated from the very common Parkinsonian hypokinesia. Another very common clinical phenomenon of PD is sudden freezing. Hence the frontal lobe--hardly regarded as a region of special interest in the realm of PD--can be the cause of severe and dangerous complications of PD. The term "arrest reaction" or "motor arrest" denotes a similar freezing. It is recommended to restrict these terms to certain forms of fronta... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817606 Tue, 01 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817606 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18318419&dopt=Abstract We present 3 female patients who were investigated at our center with video-scalp EEG monitoring, interictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (fMRI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) besides routine MR imaging. They had several different types of seizures, and one of them reported also having circling seizures that have not been reported previously in patients with SBH. Ictal EEG recordings were remarkable for their unusual patterns of propagation. The findings in structural and functional neuroradiological investigations are discussed in light of the literature. PMID: 18318419 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817605 Tue, 01 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817605 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=18318420&dopt=Abstract Authors: Gómez-Velázquez FR, González-Garrido AA, Zarabozo D, Oropeza de Alba JL It has been reported that limitations in different components of working memory could underlie reading disabilities. In addition, reading-disabled (RD) children seem to perform worse when digit name processing is required. With the purpose to explore further these assumptions one inverse serial digit detection task was evaluated using event-related brain potentials in fifteen 8-year-old RD children and a control group (CG). CG obtained significantly more correct responses than RD, but had similar reaction times. The experimental task performance significantly correlated with the performance on reading tests. Difference event-related potentials showed a voltage component peaking at 160 ms ove... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817601 Tue, 01 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817601 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17993201&dopt=Abstract Authors: Kawamata M, Kirino E, Inoue R, Arai H The goal of this study was to explore the frontal-midline theta rhythm (Fm theta) generation mechanism employing event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) analysis in relation to task-irrelevant external stimuli. A dual paradigm was employed: a videogame and the simultaneous presentation of passive auditory oddball stimuli. We analyzed the data concerning ERD/ERS using both Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and wavelet transform (WT). In the FFT data, during the periods with appearance of Fm theta, apparent ERD of the theta band was observed at Fz and Cz. ERD when Fm theta was present was much more prominent than when Fm theta was absent. In the WT data, as in the FFT data, ERD was seen again, but in this case the ERD was p... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817615 Mon, 01 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817615 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17993202&dopt=Abstract We report a very rare case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting with hyperparathyroidism and generalized tonic status epilepticus. PMID: 17993202 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817614 Mon, 01 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817614 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17993203&dopt=Abstract In conclusion, MBD may manifest as a cerebral-disconnection state, which can be quantified using EEG-coherence analysis. EEG-coherence may serve as a useful tool for MBD diagnosis and evaluation. PMID: 17993203 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817613 Mon, 01 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817613 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17844938&dopt=Abstract Authors: Reeves RR, Struve FA PMID: 17844938 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817627 Sun, 01 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817627 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17844939&dopt=Abstract Authors: Machado C, Korein J, Aubert E, Bosch J, Alvarez MA, Rodríguez R, Valdés P, Portela L, Garcia M, Pérez N, Chinchilla M, Machado Y, Machado Y We studied an 8-year-old boy after a near-drowning left him in a vegetative state (VS) for 4 years before the study. Findings fulfilled all clinical criteria for the diagnosis of VS. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was significant differential activation of the brain in response to hearing his mother's voice compared with the voices of unknown women. The data were assessed using quantitative electric tomography (QEEGt), a technique that combines anatomical information of the brain by MRI with EEG patterns to estimate the sources of the EEG within the brain. We found significant differences for EEG ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817626 Sun, 01 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817626 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17844940&dopt=Abstract Authors: Altindag E, Baslo B, Baykan B, Bebek N, Ertas M Some conventional and quantitative EMG studies have already demonstrated a subclinical lower motor neuron involvement in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Our aim was to investigate this subclinical involvement by using motor unit number estimation (MUNE) analysis with modified McComas' technique. We enrolled 75 consecutive JME patients and 26 normal controls. All subjects underwent motor and sensory nerve conduction studies, concentric needle EMG and MUNE analysis of the M. abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and M. tibialis anterior (TA). The clinical and EEG findings were evaluated to correlate with MUNE values. MUNE values of the APB (54+/-25) and TA (35+/-17) muscles were significantly lower in the JME group (p<0.001) when co... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817625 Sun, 01 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817625 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17844941&dopt=Abstract Authors: Ritzl EK, Wohlschlaeger AM, Crone NE, Wohlschlaeger A, Gingis L, Bowers CW, Boatman DF Subdural grid electrodes are implanted routinely for the pre-surgical work up of epilepsy. While different approaches are available, many centers, including ours, visualize electrode locations by co-registering pre-operative 3-D MR images with post-implantation 3-D CT images. This method allows the determination of the electrode positions in relation to the individual patient's anatomy, but does not easily allow comparison across patients. The goal of this study was to develop and validate a method for transforming electrode positions derived from 3-D CT images into standardized space. We analyzed data from twelve patients with subdurally implanted electrodes. Volumetric CT and MRI images we... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817624 Sun, 01 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817624 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17844942&dopt=Abstract Authors: Kipervasser S, Nagar S, Chistik V, Kramer U, Fried I, Neufeld MY It has not been established whether electroencephalography (EEG) is a contributing factor in predicting the outcome of surgery for epilepsy. We conducted a prospective study on 26 patients (M/F 14/12, age: 33 +/- 7.5 years, range 19-48) with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) who were followed for 2 years after surgery and who underwent routine EEG recordings 5.6 +/- 3 months (range 3-12) postoperatively. Interictal epileptiform activity (IEA) on the EEG was compared in 17 seizure-free patients to 9 patients with recurrent seizures. The two groups were similar in gender, age, febrile convulsions, trauma, family history, seizure frequency prior to surgery, epilepsy duration and number of antiepileptic drugs. Fol... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817623 Sun, 01 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817623 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17844943&dopt=Abstract Authors: Grunwald T, Vannucci M, Pezer N, Kurthen M, Schramm J, Elger CE Eye contact is a powerful social stimulus for human and non-human primates. However, it is unclear whether brain mechanisms that interpret eye contact are sensitive to gender. Here we show that human brain responses to eye contact are indeed gender specific. Recording event-related potentials directly from the medial temporal lobes, we found that eye contact elicited specific responses in men only when they saw female faces. Conversely, women responded specifically to eye contact only when they saw pictures of men. Thus, the human medial temporal lobes subserve specifically the processing of eye contact with persons of the opposite gender. PMID: 17844943 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817622 Sun, 01 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817622 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17844944&dopt=Abstract Authors: Eskelinen V, Uibu T, Himanen SL According to standard sleep stage scoring, sleep EEG is studied from the central area of parietal lobes. However, slow wave sleep (SWS) has been found to be more powerful in frontal areas in healthy subjects. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients often suffer from functional disturbances in prefrontal lobes. We studied the effects of nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (nCPAP) treatment on sleep EEG, and especially on SWS, in left prefrontal and central locations in 12 mild to moderate OSAS patients. Sleep EEG was recorded by polysomnography before treatment and after a 3 month nCPAP treatment period. Recordings were classified into sleep stages. No difference was found in SWS by central sleep stage scoring after the nCPAP treat... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817621 Sun, 01 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817621 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17844945&dopt=Abstract The objective of our study is to determine the predictive value of QEEG in patients suffering from an acute ischemic cerebral stroke. Twenty-eight patients were studied within the first 72 hours of clinical evolution of middle cerebral artery territory ischemic stroke. Thirty-seven QEEG recordings were obtained: 13 in the first 24 hours after cerebral stroke onset, 9 between 24-48 hours and 15 between 48-72 hours. Absolute Energies (AE) were the QEEG selected variables for statistical analysis: first, AE Z values were calculated using the Cuban QEEG norms, then the maximum and minimum AE Z values were selected within each frequency band and total power. The medians of the five neighboring Z values were also chosen. Regression models were estimated using the RANKIN scores as dependent varia... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817620 Sun, 01 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817620 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17844946&dopt=Abstract Authors: Kwon OY, Jung KY, Park KJ, Kang JK, Shon YM, Lee IK, Yum MK To investigate the current source location from the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 12 patients who showed typical triphasic waves attributable to various causes, using the combination of a dipole source model and a distributed source model. The triphasic waves were explained by a single main dipole in 10 of the 12 patients, and 2 patients had two dipoles responsible for the triphasic waves. All the main dipoles had a radial orientation with respect to the frontal pole. The current density of the triphasic waves was distributed mainly in the bilateral medial frontal regions along the cingulate cortices. These findings suggest that current sources located in the medial frontal area are crucial for generating triphasic ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817619 Sun, 01 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817619 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17844947&dopt=Abstract This study was designed to eliminate the effects of intractability of seizures and chronic use of antiepileptic drugs on P300 auditory ERPs. There were no statistically significant differences in both latency and amplitude of P300 between the two groups. Similar methods were also used to analyze component latencies and amplitudes of ERPs of 9 patients who had hippocampal sclerosis with comparison to control subjects. There were no statistically significant differences between these two groups as well. Our study evidently does not support temporal lobe sources of P300 scalp-recorded auditory ERPs. We also conclude that the scalp-recorded auditory ERPs procedure is not a useful tool to evaluate temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID: 17844947 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG an... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817618 Sun, 01 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817618 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17844948&dopt=Abstract We present a report of complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE) as the presentation of PLE with anti-neuronal antibodies and improvement in mental status following treatment of seizures. PMID: 17844948 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817617 Sun, 01 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817617 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17844949&dopt=Abstract Authors: Poprawski TJ, Pluzyczka AN, Park Y, Chennamchetty VN, Halaris A, Crayton JW, Konopka LM Patients suffering from epilepsy commonly experience behavioral symptoms. Behavioral manifestations are especially prevalent in patients with seizures originating in the limbic system. This case report illustrates how an objective, multimodality work-up can guide the clinician in the diagnosis and the treatment of a patient with a complex presentation. After the discontinuation of some medications, the patient underwent a multimodality work-up that consisted of MRI, SPECT, and conventional and quantitative EEG (LORETA). In this case, the functional imaging studies showed a convergence of findings across the three modalities: MRI, SPECT and qEEG. Because of these findings, we supported more ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817616 Sun, 01 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817616 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17515169&dopt=Abstract Authors: Boutros NN, Arfken CL A four-step approach for developing diagnostic tests in psychiatry is proposed. Step 1, a biological variable is observed to be deviant from healthy controls in a particular patient population. The demonstration of test retest reliability of the finding using blinding procedures is an essential component of this early step. Step 2, is the demonstration of potential clinical usefulness of the specific finding. The two most important objectives at this step are demonstration of difference between the target patient population and appropriate control groups (these should be groups of patients with diagnoses that commonly appear on the differential diagnostic lists of the target disorder). Estimation of the effect size of the finding could be a reasonable gui... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817636 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817636 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17515170&dopt=Abstract This article focuses on electrophysiological methodology and results of monoamine depletion studies (i.e., electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, polysomnography, auditory evoked potentials and startle response). PMID: 17515170 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817635 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817635 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17515171&dopt=Abstract Authors: Pogarell O, Juckel G, Norra C, Leicht G, Karch S, Schaaff N, Folkerts M, Ibrahim A, Mulert C, Hegerl U Brain monoaminergic neurotransmission is involved in the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders including depression. Reliable indicators of central monoaminergic activity might be helpful to specifically identify and differentiate dysfunctions in individual patients in order to selectively adjust medication and predict clinical response. In patients with depression, predictors of treatment response to serotonergic versus non-serotonergic (e.g., noradrenergic) antidepressants could be of considerable clinical relevance by avoiding unfavorable factors such as a prolonged duration of the disorder, risk of suicidality and therapy-resistance. Consequently, these tools m... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817634 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817634 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17515172&dopt=Abstract Authors: Mulert C, Juckel G, Brunnmeier M, Karch S, Leicht G, Mergl R, Möller HJ, Hegerl U, Pogarell O During the last 10 years the knowledge about rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity in major depression has substantially increased. Several groups have independently described a relationship between resting activity in this area and response to antidepressant treatment. We have recently confirmed a relationship between resting activity of rostral ACC activity and response in a group of 20 patients with major depression using resting theta activity. In this earlier study regions of interest (ROI) were defined in order to establish regional specificity. Differences between responders and nonresponders were only found in the ACC-ROI, but not in the posterior cingulate reg... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817633 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817633 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17515173&dopt=Abstract Authors: Mergl R, Pogarell O, Juckel G, Rihl J, Henkel V, Frodl T, Müller-Siecheneder F, Karner M, Tigges P, Schröter A, Hegerl U Motor retardation is a relevant aspect of depression. Kinematic analysis of movements can be applied to explore which type of motor dysfunction is associated with depression and to examine motor side effects of antidepressants. Using this tool, we aimed to investigate fine motor performance in patients suffering from depression and to compare a selective noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor (NARI) (reboxetine) and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (citalopram) regarding motor side effects after 4 weeks of treatment. In the first study (I), we examined 37 depressed patients and 37 healthy subjects using a digitizing graphic tablet and kin... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817632 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817632 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17515174&dopt=Abstract This study suggests that no-go P3 amplitudes in patients with alcohol use disorder might be affected to some degree by habitual anxiety. The results emphasize the importance of monitoring trait anxiety in studies regarding cognitive functions in subjects with alcohol use disorder. PMID: 17515174 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817631 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817631 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17515175&dopt=Abstract Authors: Bucci P, Mucci A, Merlotti E, Volpe U, Galderisi S Evidence has been provided that high frequency oscillations within the gamma band reflect mechanisms of cortical integration. In the light of recently proposed pathophysiological models of schizophrenia, suggesting a disturbance of the functional connectivity within distributed neural networks, it has been hypothesized that abnormalities in the gamma band underlie perceptual and cognitive dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia. In the present study we investigated evoked and induced 40-Hz gamma power as well as frontoparietal and frontotemporal event-related coherence in patients with deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia and in matched healthy controls. In patients, correlations between gamma oscillations and psychopathol... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817630 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817630 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17515176&dopt=Abstract Authors: Rau A, Grossheinrich N, Palm U, Pogarell O, Padberg F Given that a considerable portion of depressed patients does not respond to or remit during pharmacotherapy, there is increasing interest in non-pharmacological strategies to treat depressive disorders. Several brain stimulation approaches are currently being investigated as novel therapeutic interventions beside electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a prototypic method in this field with proven effectiveness. These neurostimulation methods include repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), magnetic seizure therapy (MST), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). It is via different neuroanatomically defined "windows" that the various approaches acce... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817629 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817629 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17515177&dopt=Abstract Authors: Amann B, Grunze H, Vieta E, Trimble M This paper will discuss different definitions of the term "mood stabilizer" and highlight in detail the antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine, valproate and lamotrigine with respect to their relative strengths in stabilizing mood in bipolar patients. These drugs are heterogeneous in their mechanisms of action and in their efficacy to stabilize patients with epilepsy and the various mood states in bipolar disorder. Lamotrigine has obtained approval in several countries for the indication of preventing bipolar depressive episodes, which raises the question of differential efficacy of other antiepileptic drugs as mood stabilizers in the prevention of either depressive or hypo-/manic episodes. A Medline Search to 2006 was conducted for controlled ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817628 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817628 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17319585&dopt=Abstract Authors: Grunwald T, Ranganath C PMID: 17319585 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817645 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817645 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17319586&dopt=Abstract Authors: Friedman D, Nessler D, Johnson R Decline in episodic memory, the encoding and retrieval of autobiographical events, is a hallmark of normal cognitive aging. Although the primary causes of this decline remain elusive, event-related brain potential (ERP) studies have contributed to an understanding of age-related episodic memory failure. These data reveal that, although the retrieval-based episodic memory (EM) effect does not differ dramatically between young and older adults, the acquisition-related data suggest a decline in episodic encoding (i.e., semantic elaboration) with increasing age. We conclude that, at the current state of knowledge, encoding deficiencies are more important than retrieval deficits in understanding the causes of episodic memory decline in the older adu... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817644 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817644 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17319587&dopt=Abstract Authors: Taylor JR, Olichney JM Cognitive event-related potential (ERP) studies of memory and language impairments in amnesia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are reviewed. Well-circumscribed lesions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) or diencephalon causing an amnestic syndrome, an inability to encode and retrieve episodic memories beyond the brief duration of working memory, appear to produce altered plasticity of the late positive P600 component, but usually spare P300 and N400 components. The neuropathology of AD affects MTL and extends to neocortical association areas, causing deficits of episodic and semantic memory. In AD dementia, the P300, N400, and P600 all commonly show abnormalities. ERP studies of individuals with mild cognitive impairment may reveal neurophysiological changes ... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817643 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817643 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17319588&dopt=Abstract Authors: Vannucci M Temporal lobe epilepsies (TLE) are associated with material-specific memory deficits depending on the side of seizure origin. However, while verbal memory deficits have been consistently reported in patients with left-sided TLE, the relationship between visual memory deficits and right-sided TLE is more complex. Here, we review factors that influence the pattern of lateralization and the nature of visual memory impairments in TLE and discuss the possible relationship between these deficits and perceptual impairments in TLE patients. PMID: 17319588 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience) Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817642 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817642 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17319589&dopt=Abstract Authors: Pogarell O, Mulert C, Hegerl U Electrophysiological assessments of psychiatric disorders have produced a number of promising, highly replicable findings and thus carry the potential of becoming clinically utilizable in the diagnostic or prognostic evaluation of psychopathological conditions. The procedures involved are rather complex technically and the interpretation of the findings require a combined neurophysiological and clinical expertise. On the other hand, electrophysiological techniques are in general non-invasive and relatively inexpensive, and neurophysiology laboratories are widely available in the clinical setting. Among these techniques, event-related potentials (ERPs) are of major interest in psychiatry, particularly since these tools can indicate cortical neuron... Clinical EEG and Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817641 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817641