MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Clinical Microbiology and Infection' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 21:34:56 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5674676&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03807.x This study showed the rapid and remarkable increasing trend for resistance to fluoroquinolones and expanded‐spectrum cephalosporins in one of the poorest region of Latin America, and underscores the need for urgent control strategies aimed at preserving the efficacy of those drugs in similar settings.© 2012 The Authors Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2012 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5674676 Thu, 09 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5674676 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5674675&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03808.x AbstractImplementation of care bundles for prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) and its impact on patient outcomes requires validation with long‐term follow‐up.A collaborative multi‐centre cohort study was conducted in 5 Spanish adult intensive care units. A care bundle approach based on 5 measures was implemented after a 3‐month baseline period, and compliance, VAP rates, intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS) and duration of mechanical ventilation were prospectively recorded for 16 months.There were 149 patients in the baseline period and 885 after the intervention. Compliance with all measures after intervention was <30% (264/885). In spite of this, VAP incidence decreased from 15.5% (23/149) to 11.7% (104/885), after the intervention (p<0.05). This ... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5674675 Thu, 09 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5674675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5674674&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03800.x This study evaluated the concept of bacterial cell count monitoring as a fast method to determine susceptibility. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for amoxicillin / piperacillin and gentamicin by three conventional methods (VITEK2®, Etest®, and broth‐macrodilution). Bacterial cell count monitoring reliably predicted susceptibility after 90 minutes for Escherichia coli and after 120 minutes for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus without any minor, major or very major discrepancies. Time‐to‐result was reduced by 74%, 83%, and 76% respectively. Bacterial cell count monitoring shows great potential for rapid susceptibility testing.© 2012 The Authors Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2012 European Society of Clin... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5674674 Thu, 09 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5674674 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657242&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03793.x This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of HEV infection in Tunisian adult general population, either in blood donors (n=687) or in patients hospitalised for acute hepatitis (n=202). The mode of transmission differed between these two populations: contact with animals and living in rural habitat were the main risk factors of being in contact with HEV in asymptomatic blood donors, while HEV was contracted through contaminated water in symptomatic cases. HEV seroprevalence in adult blood donors in Tunisia was relatively low (5.4%) and increased with age.© 2012 The Authors Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2012 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657242 Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657241&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03795.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657241 Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657243&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03771.x In conclusion, carriage and resistance rates are similar in children with and without SCA. Our data provide the basis to guide empiric therapy of invasive diseases caused by S. pneumoniae, S. aureus and H. influenza in children in Gabon. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657243 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5674673&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03794.x AbstractThe demographic characteristics of the population of Madrid, with a steady increase in immigrants, from 4.7% in 1998 to 17.4% in 2007, provide an opportunity to study in depth the transmission of TB. Our aim was to compare two 3‐year longitudinal molecular studies of TB to define transmission patterns and predictors of clustering. Two prospective population‐based molecular and epidemiological studies (2002‐2004 and 2005‐2007) of TB patients were conducted in nine urban districts in Madrid using the same methodology. During the period 2002‐2007, 2,248 cases of TB were reported, and the incidence decreased from 23.5 per 100,000 in 2002 to 20.8 in 2007 (p < 0.001). A total of 1269 isolates were molecularly characterized and included in the study. The comparison between th... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5674673 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5674673 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657245&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03790.x This study illustrates the potentially complicated nature of non‐O157 STEC infections and the importance of molecular epidemiology in understanding disease clusters. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657245 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657244&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03791.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657244 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657240&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03796.x AbstractTwenty‐two carbapenem‐resistant enterobacterial isolates were recovered from patients hospitalized between October 2010 and March 2011 at the Royal Hospital of Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. Eleven NDM‐1, five OXA‐48 and one NDM‐1 plus OXA‐181 producers of diverse ST types were recovered from clinical samples. All carbapenemase genes were located on self‐conjugative plasmids and were nearly always associated to other resistance determinants, including extend‐spectrum ß‐lactamases and the ArmA methylase encoding resistance to aminoglycosides. This work highlights the dissemination of NDM‐1 and OXA‐48‐type producers in the Middle East.© 2012 The Authors Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2012 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases ... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657240 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5644313&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03785.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5644313 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 20:43:46 +0100 5644313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5644319&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03788.x AbstractMedical residents are particularly exposed to the risk of occupational infection. We aimed to determine the vaccination coverage in residents with an anonymous self‐reporting electronic questionnaire. A total of 250 residents entered this survey. Vaccination rates were particularly high for mandatory vaccinations (diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, hepatitis B virus and tuberculosis). Regarding recommended vaccinations (influenza 45.6%, pertussis 65.2%, measles 62.8%, varicella 62.8%), rates were insufficient to prevent hospital epidemics, but higher than those reported in other healthcare workers. Further immunization programmes should target residents, and not only senior healthcare workers, with a critical role for occupational medicine departments. (Source: Clinical Microbio... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5644319 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5644319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5644318&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03787.x Drawing its etymology from the Latin pestis, curse, the plague, over the last centuries, was more dreaded by mankind than any other epidemic. The Apocalypse had recognised the plague as the archetypal divine curse, “the power to kill over a fourth of the earth”. The plague is thus a particular topic of study insofar as it is one of the rare epidemics that had recurrent major consequences on demography and human societies. Its highly transmissible feature, the brutality of its action, its high pathogenicity marked by a strong lethality and a great swiftness, the complete absence of therapeutic before the 20th century, conferred to it a sinister specificity. Generating series of severe demographic crisis, rather well‐known in the Western world, it has necessarily influenced the evoluti... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5644318 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5644318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5644317&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03789.x AbstractHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina (HA) are frequently caused by several distinct serotypes belonging to the human enterovirus A species (HEVA). Enterovirus 71 is considered as a significant public health threat because of rare but fatal neurologic complications. A sentinel surveillance system involving paediatricians from Clermont‐Ferrand (France) was set up to determine the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of HFMD/HA associated with EV infections.A standardised report form was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Throat or buccal specimens were obtained prospectively and tested for the presence of enteroviruses. The frequency of HEVA serotypes was determined by genotyping. Phylogenetic relationships were analysed to identify potential new vir... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5644317 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5644317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5644316&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03782.x AbstractRecent studies of molecular and genomic data from the parasitic lice of birds and mammals, as well as their mutualistic endosymbiotic bacteria, are changing the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of these organisms. Phylogenetic studies of lice suggest that vertebrate parasitism arose multiple times from free‐living book and bark lice. Molecular clocks show that the major families of lice arose in the late Mesozoic and radiated in the early Cenozoic following the radiation of mammals and birds. The recent release of the human louse genome has provided new opportunities for research. The genome is being used to find new genetic markers for phylogenetics and population genetics, to understand the complex evolutionary relationships of mitochondrial genes, and to study genome ev... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5644316 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5644316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5644315&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03783.x In conclusion, guideline‐concordant antibiotics were not associated with decreased mortality for patients hospitalized with pneumonia, but were associated with decreases in the composite endpoint of death or ICU admission. Our findings do not support any clinical advantage to macrolide/β‐lactam compared to respiratory fluoroquinolone monotherapy. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5644315 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5644315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5644314&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03784.x AbstractA prospective, multicentre, phase IIIb study with an exploratory, open‐label design was conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety of anidulafungin for the treatment of candidaemia/invasive candidiasis (C/IC) in specific ICU patient populations. Adult ICU patients with confirmed C/IC meeting ≥1 of the following criteria were enrolled: postabdominal surgery, solid tumour, renal/hepatic insufficiency, solid organ transplant, neutropaenia, age ≥65 years. Patients received anidulafungin (200 mg on day 1, 100 mg/day thereafter) for 10–42 days, optionally followed by oral voriconazole/fluconazole. The primary efficacy endpoint was global (clinical and microbiologic) response at the end of all therapy (EOT). Secondary endpoints included global response at the end of intravenous the... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5644314 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5644314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5625275&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03781.x AbstractVirulence factors are thought to be responsible for the virulence capacity of pathogenic bacteria. However recently, epidemic bacteria were found to contain significantly fewer “virulence factors” than non epidemic species and some of the most dangerous epidemic bacteria, such as Mycobacteria spp., or Rickettsia spp. are reduced and contain hundreds of degraded genes. Epidemic bacteria are actually highly specialized species, characterized by allopatric speciation, that after adapting to their hosts, attempt to maintain a balance between gene gain and gene loss favouring gene loss, finally leading to a genome reduction. Recent comparative genomic studies have demonstrated that the specialization of bacteria to eukaryotic cells is associated with massive gene loss. Furthermore, ... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5625275 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 03:56:58 +0100 5625275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5625277&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03779.x AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis is assumed to remain in a quiescent state during latent infection, being unable to grow in culture.The aim of this study was to evaluate the detection of viable but non‐cultivable bacilli with metabolic activity in human clinical samples using a procedure that is independent of the immunological status of the patient.The study was performed on 66 human clinical samples, from patients subjected to routine diagnosis to rule out a mycobacterial infection. Specimens from pulmonary and extra‐pulmonary origins were verified to contain human DNA, prior to testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA, rRNA and transient RNA by real‐time quantitative PCR. Clinical records of 55 patients were also reviewed.We were able to detect viable but non‐cultivable baci... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5625277 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5625277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5625276&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03780.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5625276 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5625276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5625281&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03775.x In this study we analyzed the ST398 of porcine and human origins on genetic, proteinic, and immunogenic levels. Although the genetic analysis of the genes encoding the major virulence factors revealed the presence of the same genes in all strains studied, the results demonstrate spa type crossing alterations in the adhesion abilities in addition to a strongly enhanced lysis activity directly linked to an impaired clearance due to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). This change in virulence pattern indicate a high heterogenicity in the ST398 pool which is not based on a different genetic set‐up but probably on variations in the genetic regulation systems. These modifications which are tightly connected to pathogenicity cannot be detected by conventional diagnostic methods. (Source: Clinic... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5625281 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5625281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5625280&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03776.x AbstractThe impact of bloodstream infection (BSI) on admission to the hospital on the outcome of patients with Community‐Acquired Sepsis (CAS) admitted in Intensive Care Units (ICU) is largely unknown. We selected 803 adult patients consecutively admitted with CAS to one of 17 Portuguese ICU, in whom blood cultures were collected before initiation of antibiotic therapy during a 12‐month period. A bloodstream infection (BSI) was identified on hospital admission in 160 (19.9%) patients. Those with and without BSI had similar mean Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II and age. The presence of BSI was independently associated with mortality in ICU [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=1.86; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–2.89; p=0.005]. On the fourth ICU day, BSI patients were found to be... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5625280 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5625280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5625279&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03777.x Abstract:The kinetics of serum (1→3)‐β‐D‐glucan (BG) following the diagnosis of invasive fungal disease and administration of antifungal therapy are poorly characterized. It is unknown whether early BG changes have prognostic implications. We assessed the post‐diagnostic kinetics of BG in patients with an initial serum BG ≥80 pg/mL and at least one additional post‐diagnostic BG value in the setting of invasive aspergillosis (IA, n=69), invasive candidiasis (IC, n=40), or Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP, n=18), treated with antifungal therapy. Clinical failure of antifungal therapy and mortality were assessed at 6 and 12 weeks, and Cox modeling was used to assess the hazard of initial BG and change in BG at 1 or 2 weeks for these outcomes. In patients with ≥2 BG value... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5625279 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5625279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5625278&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03778.x AbstractSeveral of the infectious diseases associated with human lice are life‐threatening, including epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and trench fever, which are caused by Rickettsia prowazekii, Borrelia recurrentis, and Bartonella quintana, respectively. Although these diseases have been known for several centuries, they remain a major public health concern in populations living in poor hygienic conditions due to war, social disruption, severe poverty, or gaps in public health management. Poor hygienic conditions favor a higher prevalence of body lice, which are the main vectors for these diseases. Trench fever has been reported in both developing and developed countries in populations living in poor conditions, such as homeless individuals. In contrast, outbreaks of epidemic typhus a... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5625278 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5625278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5617566&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03754.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5617566 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 02:17:31 +0100 5617566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5617565&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03747.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5617565 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 02:17:04 +0100 5617565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604541&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03774.x AbstractWith plague being not only a subject of interest for historians, but still a disease of public health concern in several countries mainly in Africa, hopes were put that the analyses of the Yersinia pestis genomes would put this deadly epidemic pathogen down. Genomics revealed that Y. pestis isolates evolved from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Central Asia some millennia ago after the acquisition of two Y. pestis‐specific plasmids balanced genomic reduction parallel to the expansion of insertion sequences illustrating the modern concept that, except for the acquisition of plasmid‐borne toxin‐encoding genes, increased virulence of Y. pestis resulted from gene loss rather that gene acquisition. Telluric persistence of Y. pestis reminds of this close relationship and matters in t... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604541 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594053&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03767.x We report a case of infection caused by ceftriaxone‐ and ciprofloxacin‐resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. A blaCMY‐2‐containing Tn6092, located on a self‐transferable IncI1 plasmid, was found in all isolates derived from the patient. While on ertapenem treatment, the strain developed carbapenem resistance. Apart from the OmpD deficiency found in all isolates, the strain further developed OmpC deficiency through a single gene mutation and became carbapenem‐resistant. Salmonella appears very plastic in developing antimicrobial resistance. Caution must be taken by physicians when treating multidrug‐resistant Salmonella infection. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594053 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5594053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594052&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03769.x AbstractEnterovirus‐positive samples diagnosed in Marseille (January 2009‐September 2011) were screened for EV71 by real‐time RT‐PCR. EV71 was detected in three children below the age of two with no history of overseas travel; two of these cases were associated with severe clinical presentation. Viruses demonstrated genetic similarity with other European genogroup C2 strains. Strain MRS/09/3663 complete sequencing revealed 97.6% identity across the entire genome with a 2008 Singapore isolate, without signs of possible recombination events. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of EV71 infection in Marseille, France, that confirms the current circulation of EV71 in France. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594052 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5594052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594051&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03768.x We reported the first identification of Shigella flexneri serotype 1c in China and also the emergence of resistance to ciprofloxacin and third‐generation cephalosporins in serotype 1c the first time. Seven isolates circulating in China were divided into three new MLST sequence types and seven PFGE banding patterns, demonstrating the high genetic diversity. The seven isolates showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, among which one had ciprofloxacin‐resistance and an additional one developed resistance to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594051 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5594051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594054&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03765.x In conclusion, a substantial number of older patients hospitalized for CAP are immunocompromised. Although relatively uncommon, CAP due to gram‐negative bacilli, including P. aeruginosa, is more frequent among these patients. CAP occurring in immunocompromised patients causes significant morbidity and mortality. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594054 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5594054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5644320&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03763.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractThe cholera burden has grown strikingly during the past 4 years, and has spread to countries previously spared by this disease. The current spread has proved especially violent, as illustrated by the recent deadly epidemics around the Lake Chad Basin, in East Africa, and in Haiti. This onset of severe cholera epidemics is part of the overall dynamic of the current seventh cholera pandemic, composed of successive epidemic waves. The current wave is attributable to new atypical El Tor strains, which spread from the Bay of Bengal to Papua in the east, Africa, and the Caribbean Sea in the west, and caused hundreds of thousands of cases and thousands of deaths during each of the last 4 years. The particular severity of the resulting epidemics is partially attributab... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5644320 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5644320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569719&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03763.x AbstractCholera burden grew strikingly during the past years and spread to countries previously spared by this disease. The current spread proved specifically violent as illustrated by the recent deadly epidemics around the Lake Chad basin, in Eastern Africa, and in Haiti. This onset of severe cholera epidemics proved part of the overall dynamic of the current seventh cholera pandemic, made of successive epidemic waves. The current wave is due to new atypical El Tor strains which spread from the Bay of Bengal to Papua in the East, Africa, and Caribbean Sea in the West and caused 100,000s of cases and thousands of deaths during each of the last years. The particular severity of the resulting epidemics is partially due to the specific characteristics of the atypical El Tor strain involved. B... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569719 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5569719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569721&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03761.x AbstractTwo patients with no travel history and sharing the same room were colonized by the same strain of NDM‐1‐producing Escherichia coli within a geographic area not endemic for this highly multidrug‐resistant (HMDR) bacterium. An absence of epidemiological and bacteriological link was demonstrated with a third patient returning from India after surgery and found infected by a NDM‐1‐producing Citrobacter strain at the same period. Despite extensive investigation, the source of contamination of the two former patients was not elucidated. This case report illustrates the need to investigate rapidly the emergence of HMDR Enterobacteriaceae to stop their dissemination in a nosocomial setting. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569721 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5569721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569720&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03762.x AbstractPlasmid‐mediated AmpC β‐lactamase‐producing E. coli (AmpC‐E) bacteraemia was characterised by comparison with bacteraemia caused by extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing E. coli (ESBL‐E) and non‐resistant E. coli (NR‐E) in the era of the worldwide spread of the CTX‐M‐15 producing O25b‐ST131‐B2 clone. Of 706 bloodstream E. coli isolates collected between 2005 and 2010 in 3 Japanese university hospitals, 111 ESBL screening‐positive isolates were analysed for AmpC and ESBL genes by PCR. A case‐control study was performed in which the cases consisted of all the patients with AmpC‐E bacteraemia. Phylogenetic groups, sequence types, and O25b serotype were determined. Twenty‐seven AmpC‐E isolates (26 of which were of the CMY‐2 type) were identif... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569720 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5569720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604540&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03773.x AbstractA significant proportion of women develop a recurrence following an initial urinary tract infection (UTI). In women with recurrent UTI (rUTI), the predictive value of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) for the development of a subsequent UTI has not yet been established and it is not known whether information from an asymptomatic sample is useful in guiding antimicrobial therapy. To address these questions, we used data that originated from the ‘Non‐antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections’ (NAPRUTI) study: two randomized controlled trials on prevention of rUTI in non‐hospitalized pre‐ and postmenopausal women (n=445). During 15 months of follow‐up, no difference was observed in the time to a subsequent UTI between women with and without ASB at baseline... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604540 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594050&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03770.x This study provides new insight into the T3SS characteristics of P. aeruginosa isolated from the CF airway early in life. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594050 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5594050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569718&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2012.03764.x In conclusion, CE prognosis remains poor with a better outcome among younger patients and intravenous drug users. Detection of serum antigens and molecular tools may contribute to earlier CE diagnosis. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569718 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5569718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550294&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03760.x Conclusion:  Serum BDG shows excellent sensitivity and very good specificity in the diagnosis of PCP. Still, in clinical practice the test results should be interpreted in the context of the underlying clinical characteristics of the individual patient. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550294 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 22:15:27 +0100 5550294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635997&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03759.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractWe assessed the comparative efficacy of empirical therapy with beta‐lactam plus macrolide vs. beta‐lactam plus doxycycline for the treatment of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) among patients in the Australian Community‐Acquired Pneumonia Study. Both regimens demonstrated similar outcomes against CAP due to either ‘atypical’ (Chlamydophila, Legionella or Mycoplasma spp.) or typical bacterial pathogens. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635997 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5635997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550296&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03758.x AbstractProsthetic Joint Infection remains one of the most devastating complications of arthroplasty. Debridement and retention of the prosthesis is an attractive management option in carefully selected patients. Despite this, there are no data investigating the cost of this management modality for prosthetic joint infections. The aim of this case control study was to calculate the cost associated with debridement and retention for management of prosthetic joint infection compared to primary joint replacement surgery without prosthetic joint infection.From 1 January 2008 and 30 June 2010, there were 21 prosthetic joint infections matched to 42 control patients. Controls were matched to cases according to the arthroplasty site, age and sex. Cases had a greater number of unplanned readmissio... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550296 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550295&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03759.x AbstractWe assessed the comparative efficacy of empiric therapy with beta‐lactam plus macrolide vs. beta‐lactam plus doxycycline for the treatment of community‐acquired pneumonia among patients in the Australian Community‐Acquired Pneumonia study. Both regimens demonstrated similar outcomes against CAP due to either “atypical” (Chlamydophila, Legionella, Mycoplasma spp.) or typical bacterial pathogens. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550295 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542490&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03757.x AbstractPatients with pneumonia treated in the internal medicine department (IMD) are often at risk of health care–associated pneumonia (HCAP). The importance of HCAP is controversial.We invited physicians from 72 IMDs to report on all patients with pneumonia hospitalized in their department during two weeks (one each in January and June 2010) to compare HCAP with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital‐acquired pneumonia (HAP).We analyzed 1,002 episodes of pneumonia: 58.9% were CAP, 30.6% were HCAP, and 10.4% were HAP. A comparison between CAP, HCAP, and HAP showed that HCAP patients were older (77, 83, 80.5 years; p<0.001), had poorer functional status (Barthel 100, 30, and 65; p<0.001), and more risk factors for aspiration pneumonia (18%, 50%, and 34%; p<0.001). T... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542490 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 14:27:28 +0100 5542490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635998&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03757.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractPatients with pneumonia treated in the internal medicine department (IMD) are often at risk of healthcare‐associated pneumonia (HCAP). The importance of HCAP is controversial. We invited physicians from 72 IMDs to report on all patients with pneumonia hospitalized in their department during 2 weeks (one each in January and June 2010) to compare HCAP with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital‐acquired pneumonia (HAP). We analysed 1002 episodes of pneumonia: 58.9% were CAP, 30.6% were HCAP and 10.4% were HAP. A comparison between CAP, HCAP and HAP showed that HCAP patients were older (77, 83 and 80.5 years; p < 0.001), had poorer functional status (Barthel 100, 30 and 65; p < 0.001) and had more risk factors for aspiration pneumo... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635998 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5635998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542491&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03756.x In conclusion, our results show that hBoV infection is common in population, especially in children. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542491 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5542491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501807&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03743.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501807 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 16:16:39 +0100 5501807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501806&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03744.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501806 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 16:16:37 +0100 5501806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501805&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03721.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501805 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 16:16:36 +0100 5501805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5501804&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03702.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5501804 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 16:16:11 +0100 5501804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5617560&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03752.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractClinical breakpoints are used in clinical microbiology laboratories to categorize microorganisms as clinically susceptible (S), intermediate (I) or resistant (R) dependent on the quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility as indicated by the MIC value determined in a well‐defined standard test system. The laboratory report, with the designations of S, I or R for each antimicrobial agent, provides guidance to clinicians with respect to the potential use of agents in the treatment of patients, and clinical breakpoints should therefore distinguish between patients that are likely or unlikely to respond to antimicrobial treatment. In Europe, clinical breakpoints are set by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), following a defined... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5617560 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5617560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493032&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03752.x AbstractClinical breakpoints are used in clinical microbiology laboratories to categorize microorganisms as clinically susceptible (S), intermediate (I) or resistant (R) dependent on the quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility as indicated by the MIC value determined in a well defined standard test system. The laboratory report, with the designations of S, I or R for each antimicrobial agent, provides guidance to clinicians with respect to the potential use of agents in treatment of patients, and clinical breakpoints should therefore distinguish between patients that are likely or unlikely to respond to antimicrobial treatment.In Europe, clinical breakpoints are set by the EUCAST, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, following a defined procedure. This includes... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493032 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5617561&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03751.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractOseltamivir or zanamivir are effective in outpatients with seasonal influenza; however, factors associated with response have been incompletely described. During the 2008/2009 epidemic, in a randomized trial for influenza A‐infected outpatients, clinical (time to alleviation of flu‐related symptoms) and virological (rate of patients with day 2 nasal viral load <200 cgeq/μL) responses to oseltamivir or zanamivir were assessed and associated factors were determined using multivariate analysis. For oseltamivir (141 patients) and zanamivir (149 patients) median times to alleviation of symptoms were 3 and 4 days, respectively; 59% and 34% had virological response. For oseltamivir, a lower clinical response was associated with female gender (HR, 0.53; 95%... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5617561 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5617561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5483936&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03750.x In this study, we analysed concomitantly the strain’s expression of virulence in a mouse model, genomic determinants and the clinical severity of infection in 60 bacteraemic patients. We show that bacterial virulence based on animal model study and virulence factor determination is not correlated to pejorative outcome of E. coli human blood infections. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5483936 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5483936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5483935&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03751.x AbstractOseltamivir or zanamivir are effective in out‐patients with seasonal influenza; however, factors associated with response have been incompletely described. During the 2008/2009 epidemic, in a randomized trial for influenza‐A infected out‐patients, clinical (time to alleviation of flu‐related symptoms) and virological (rate of patients with day 2 nasal viral load < 200 cgeq/μL) responses to oseltamivir or zanamivir were assessed and associated factors were determined using multivariate analysis. For oseltamivir, 141 patients, and zanamivir, 149 patients, median times to alleviation of symptoms were 3 and 4 days respectively, 59% and 34% had virological response. For oseltamivir, a lower clinical response was associated with female gender (HR: 0.53 CI 95% (0.36 – 0.79))... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5483935 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5483935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493031&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03753.x In conclusion, significant epidemiological changes and an increased severity of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pneumonia were found in the first post‐pandemic influenza season. Physicians should consider influenza A (H1N1) 2009 when selecting microbiological testing and treatment in patients with pneumonia in the upcoming influenza season. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493031 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5483934&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03749.x AbstractAlthough it is known that two‐tier serologic testing for Lyme disease may be associated with false positive results on the IgM immunoblot, this problem has never been systematically studied in the clinical practice setting. In a retrospective investigation of patients referred to the private adult practice of an Infectious Diseases physician for possible for Lyme disease, 50 of 182 patients (27.5%, 95% CI: 21.1‐34.6) were found to have a false positive IgM immunoblot. 78.0% of these patients had received unnecessary antibiotic therapy. False positive results were not restricted to any single commercial laboratory. Research on alternative testing strategies that eliminate the IgM immunoblot entirely is warranted. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5483934 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5483934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5465786&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03748.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5465786 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5465786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5454457&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03742.x AbstractStaphylococcus aureus small colony variants (SCVs) are being isolated more frequently in Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of SCVs, their phenotypical and genotypical properties in CF patients admitted to a university hospital. Specimens of 248 patients were examined during a period of 11 months. Colonies supposed to be SCVs were evaluated on Columbia blood agar, mannitol salt agar (MSA) and brain‐heart infusion agar with 5% NaCl (BHIA‐ 5% NaCl). Isolates were confirmed by S. aureus nucA PCR. Antibiotic susceptibilities of SCVs and simultaneously isolated S. aureus strains were determined for oxacillin, gentamicin, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, linezolid and tigecycline. Genetic relatedness between SCVs and normal ... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5454457 Tue, 29 Nov 2011 15:05:44 +0100 5454457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5465787&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03747.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5465787 Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5465787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635999&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03742.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractStaphylococcus aureus small‐colony variants (SCVs) are being isolated more frequently in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus SCVs and their phenotypic and genotypic properties in CF patients admitted to a university hospital. Specimens of 248 patients were examined during a period of 11 months. Colonies supposed to be SCVs were evaluated on Columbia blood agar, mannitol salt agar, and brain–heart infusion agar with 5% NaCl (BHIA 5% NaCl). Strains were confirmed by S. aureus nucA PCR. Antibiotic susceptibilities of SCVs and simultaneously isolated S. aureus strains were determined for oxacillin, gentamicin, trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, linezolid, and tigecycline. Genetic relat... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635999 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5635999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5625282&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03746.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractCulture‐independent identification of diarrhoeal aetiological agents was performed using DNA harvested from diarrhoeal stool specimens with SYBR‐Green‐based real‐time PCR targeting Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp. and three different pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli. Conventional culture‐dependent methods detected bacterial enteropathogens in 68 of 122 diarrhoeal stool specimens. Of 68 specimens, 59 (86.8%) had a single pathogen and the remaining nine (13.2%) had polymicrobial infections with multiple pathogens. Re‐analysis of the 68 specimens by culture‐independent real‐time PCR methods showed that 25 (36.8%) specimens contained single pathogen and 43 (63.2%) specimens contained mixed infe... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5625282 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5625282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534287&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03740.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractWe analysed the 12‐week virological response to protease inhibitor (PI) or non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) therapy in 1108 patients carrying B or non‐B human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 subtypes with matched resistance mutation patterns. Response rates were not significantly different for non‐B and B subtypes stratified for treatment status (51.5% vs. 41.5% in naïve patients; 46.7% vs. 38.7% in experienced patients) or regimens (46.9% vs. 39.7% with PI; 56.7% vs. 40% with NNRTI). No difference in response was detected in patients harbouring B and non‐B subtypes with any resistance profile. Further studies are advisable to fully test this approach on larger datasets. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534287 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5454461&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03745.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5454461 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5454461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5454460&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03746.x AbstractCulture independent identification of diarrhoeal etiologic agents was performed using DNA harvested from diarrhoeal stool specimens with SYBR Green based real‐time PCR targeting Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp., and 3 different pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli. Conventional culture dependent methods detected bacterial enteropathogens in 68 of 122 diarrhoeal stool specimens. Of 68 specimens, 59 (86.8%) had single pathogen while the remaining 9 (13.2%) had polymicrobial infections with multiple pathogens. Reanalysis of the 68 specimens by culture independent real‐time PCR methods showed 25 (36.8%) specimens contained single pathogen while 43 (63.2%) specimens contained mixed infections with multiple pathogens. The prevalence... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5454460 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5454460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5454459&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03740.x AbstractWe analysed the 12‐week virological response to protease inhibitor (PI) or non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) therapy in 1,108 patients carrying subtype B or non‐B HIV‐1 with matched resistance mutation patterns. Response rates were not significantly different in non‐B and B variants stratified for treatment status (51.5%vs. 41.5% in naïve; 46.7%vs. 38.7% in experienced patients) or regimens (46.9%vs. 39.7% with PI; 56.7%vs. 40% with NNRTI). No difference in response was detected in patients harbouring subtype B and non‐B HIV‐1 with any resistance profile. Further studies are advisable to fully test this approach on larger datasets. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5454459 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5454459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5454458&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03741.x AbstractDespite appropriate antifungal treatment, management of cryptococcal disease remains challenging, especially in immunocompromised patients, such as HIV‐infected individuals and solid organ transplant recipients. During the past two decades, our knowledge of host immune responses against Cryptococcus spp. has been greatly advanced and the role of immunomodulation in augmenting response to infection has been investigated. In particular, the role of “protective” Th1 [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interferon (IFN)‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐12, IL‐18] and Th17 (IL‐23, IL‐17) as well as “nonprotective” Th2 (IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐13) cytokines has been extensively studied in vitro and in animal models of cryptococcal infection. Immunomodulation using monoclonal an... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5454458 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5454458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5447972&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03739.x In conclusion, performance of Etests could be enhanced by education of technicians improving their interpretation, genotypic ESBL confirmation of P. mirabilis and K. oxytoca isolates with positive phenotypic ESBL confirmation, and by interpreting isolates with a positive ESBL alarm but an MIC<2 mg/L for cefotaxime and ceftazidime as ESBL‐negative. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5447972 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 15:44:33 +0100 5447972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5625283&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03739.x In conclusion, performance of Etests could be enhanced by education of technicians to improve their interpretation, by genotypic ESBL confirmation of P. mirabilis and K. oxytoca isolates with positive phenotypic ESBL confirmation, and by interpreting isolates with a positive ESBL alarm but an MIC <2 mg/L for cefotaxime and ceftazidime as ESBL‐negative. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5625283 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5625283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5617562&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03737.x This study aimed to develop a modular, diagnostic algorithm for extended spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL) detection in Enterobacteriaceae. Clinical Enterobacteriaceae strains (n = 2518) were screened for ESBL production using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints for third‐generation cephalosporins and by synergy image detection (clavulanic acid/extended‐spectrum cephalosporins). Isolates screening positive for ESBL (n = 242, 108 by critical CLSI diameters alone, five by double disk synergy test (DDST) alone, and 129 by both critical diameters and DDST) and 138 ESBL screening negative isolates (control group) were investigated by molecular methods considered to be the reference standard (multiplex CTX‐M type PCR, TEM and SHV type sequence characterizati... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5617562 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5617562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5447975&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03736.x AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine if severity assessment tools (general severity of illness and community‐acquired pneumonia specific scores) can be used to guide decisions for patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to pandemic influenza A pneumonia. A prospective, observational, multicentre study included 265 patients with mean age of 42 (±16.1) years and an ICU mortality of 31.7%. On admission to the ICU, the mean pneumonia severity index (PSI) score was 103.2 ±43.2 points, the CURB‐65 score was 1.7 ±1.1 points and the PIRO‐CAP score was 3.2 ±1.5 points. None of the scores had a good predictive ability [area under the ROC for PSI 0.72 (95% CI 0.65‐0.78), CURB‐65 0.67 (95% CI 0.59‐0.74) and PIRO‐CAP 0.64 (95% CI 0.56‐0.71)]. The PSI score (... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5447975 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5447975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5447974&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03738.x Abstract16S rRNA methylase‐mediated high‐level resistance to 4‐, 6‐aminoglycosides has been reported in clinical isolates of Gram‐negative bacilli from several countries. Three of 1534 (0.2%) isolates of K. pneumoniae and three of 734 (0.4%) Proteus mirabilis isolates from a university hospital in Athens, Greece, were positive for rmtB and highly resistant to all aminoglycosides tested (MICs ≥256 mg/L). Two of the K.pneumoniae rmtB ‐ bearing isolates, were KPC‐2 and OXA‐10 producers, while the third one was a DHA‐1 producer. One of the P.mirabilis isolates was a VIM‐1 and OXA‐10 producer and one was OXA‐10 producer. All rmtB‐harbouring isolates were clonally unrelated. None of the E. coli (n=1398) and Enterobacter spp (n=414) isolates were positive for armA, rmt... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5447974 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5447974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5447973&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03737.x This study aimed at developing a modular, diagnostic algorithm for ESBL detection in Enterobacteriaceae. Clinical Enterobacteriaceae strains (n=2518) were screened for ESBL production using CLSI breakpoints for third generation cephalosporins and by synergy image detection (clavulanic acid / extended‐spectrum cephalosporins). ESBL screening positive isolates (n=242, 108 by critical CLSI diameters alone, 5 by double disk synergy test (DDST) alone, and 129 by both critical diameters and DDST) and 138 ESBL screening negative isolates (control group) were investigated by molecular methods considered the gold standard (multiplex CTX‐M type PCR, TEM and SHV type sequence characterization). 124/242 ESBL screening positive Enterobacteriaceae isolates were confirmed ESBL positive by the gold st... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5447973 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5447973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5437735&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03735.x AbstractImprovement in hand hygiene (HH) compliance has been associated with a decrease in the incidence of hospital acquired infection (HAI) and hospital acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA‐MRSA) infection/colonisation. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a multimodal intervention in medical wards on HH compliance, alcohol‐based hand rub (AHR) consumption and incidence of HAI and HA‐MRSA. A before‐after intervention study and an assessment one year later were conducted in 3 internal medicine wards. HH compliance during routine patient care was monitored using the WHO HH observation method. AHR consumption was registered. HAI incidence was actively sought during the PRE and POST‐periods. HAI risk factors were prospectively recorded and incidence density was ... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5437735 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 14:31:07 +0100 5437735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520946&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03720.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractIn this retrospective observational study covering 1998 to 2008, 32 patients (mean age: 7.50 years) were identified that had 35 episodes of candidaemia (0.47 cases/1000 hospital discharges). Cancer/allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (43%) and congenital malformations/syndromes (21%) were the predominant underlying conditions. Central venous catheterization (90%), a history of antibacterial therapy (69%) and previous bacteraemia (54%) were frequent comorbidities. Candida albicans (46%) was most common, followed by Candida parapsilosis (17%) and Candida glabrata (14%). Resistance was infrequent and limited to non‐albicans Candida spp. The 30‐day and 100‐day mortality rates were 11.4%. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520946 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5447976&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03720.x AbstractIn this retrospective observational study covering 1998 through 2008, 32 patients (mean age: 7.50 years) were identified that had 35 episodes of candidaemia (0.47 cases/1000 hospital discharges). Cancer / allogeneic HSCT (43%) and congenital malformations / syndromes (21%) were the predominant underlying conditions. Central venous catheterization (90%), a history of antibacterial therapy (69%) and prior bacteraemia (54%) were frequent comorbidities. C. albicans (46%) was most common, followed by C. parapsilosis (17%) and C. glabrata (14%). Resistance was infrequent and limited to non‐albicans Candida spp. The 30‐ and 100 day mortality rates were 11.4%. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5447976 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5447976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534290&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03735.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractImprovement in hand hygiene (HH) compliance has been associated with a decrease in the incidence of hospital‐acquired infection (HAI) and hospital‐acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA‐MRSA) infection/colonization. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a multimodal intervention in medical wards on HH compliance, alcohol‐based hand rub (AHR) consumption and incidence of HAI and HA‐MRSA. A before–after intervention study and an assessment 1 year later were conducted in three internal medicine wards. HH compliance during routine patient care was monitored using the WHO HH observation method. AHR consumption was registered. HAI incidence was actively sought during the PRE and POST periods. HAI risk factors were prospectively recorded... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534290 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5437736&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03734.x AbstractColistin has been re‐introduced into clinical practice for the treatment of carbapenem‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria. Studies in the last decade attempted to reconstruct the path present‐day medications undergo prior to clinical use. In this review we summarize the results of recent clinical studies. Colistin was associated with lower mortality than no effective treatment and higher unadjusted mortality than beta‐lactams in non‐randomized clinical studies. However, it was administered to sicker patients with carabapenem‐resistant bacteria. Overall, nephrotoxicity rates were not higher with colistin in these studies and colistin‐induced nephrotoxicity is reversible in most patients. Emergence of colistin resistance has been described in high use settings. Synergy ... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5437736 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5437736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418576&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03733.x AbstractComparisons of bloodstream infection (BSI) rates between neonatal intensive care units (NICU) should take into account differences in babies’ vulnerability and invasive procedures which can introduce infection. Our aim was to investigate which risk factors recorded in routine records should be adjusted for when comparing NICUs.This was a retrospective cohort study using routine records for two London NICUs. We analysed rates of BSI using Poisson regression models.The level of neonatal care used by the National Health Service (NHS) was the strongest predictor for BSI incidence. The rate ratio for BSI, adjusted for birth weight, inborn/outborn status and postnatal age was 3.15 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.01, 4.94) for intensive care and 6.58 (95% CI 4.18, 10.36) for high depend... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418576 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:08:52 +0100 5418576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5617563&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03733.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractComparisons of bloodstream infection (BSI) rates between neonatal intensive‐care units (NICUs) should take into account differences in babies’ vulnerability and invasive procedures that can introduce infection. Our aim was to investigate which risk factors recorded in routine records should be adjusted for when NICUs are compared. This was a retrospective cohort study using routine records for two London NICUs. We analysed rates of BSI with Poisson regression models. The level of neonatal care used by the National Health Service was the strongest predictor of BSI incidence. The rate ratios for BSI, adjusted for birthweight, inborn/outborn status, and postnatal age, were 3.15 (95% CI 2.01–4.94) for intensive care and 6.58 (95% CI 4.18–10.36) for high... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5617563 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5617563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534289&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03730.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractOf 109 clinical Escherichia coli isolates from two major tertiary hospitals in Lagos (University Teaching Hospital and the National Orthopaedic Hospital Igbobi), 14 (12.8%) extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamse (ESBL) producers were characterized using PCR and sequencing, ERIC‐PCR and multilocus sequence typing. All ESBL‐producing isolates encoded only the CTX‐M‐15 gene. Clonal group ST131 (35.7%) was the predominant ST, followed by ST617 (28.6%). Isolated cases of other sequence types were also observed. Plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance genes qnrA, qnrB1 and aac‐(6′)‐lb‐cr were detected among these ESBL isolates of different clonal groups. This is the first description of the clonality of CTX‐M‐15‐producing E. coli from Nigeria. The... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534289 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534288&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03731.x We report data concerning the detection of fungal DNA directly from lysis–centrifugation blood culture to assess its value in the detection of fungaemia in 86 of the 347 patients admitted to the neonatal intensive‐care unit between January 2009 and December 2010. The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR were 87.5% and 98.5%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 93.3% and a negative predictive value of 97.1%. Detection of fungal DNA directly from blood culture Isolator 1.5 microbial tubes, without prior cultivation, is a promising approach for the rapid detection of Candida spp. in neonates with suspected candidaemia. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534288 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418579&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03730.x AbstractOf 109 clinical E. coli isolates from two major tertiary hospitals in Lagos (University Teaching Hospital and the National Orthopaedic Hospital Igbobi), 14 (12.8%) extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamse (ESBL)‐producers were characterized using PCR and sequencing, ERIC‐PCR and Multilocus Sequence Typing. All ESBL‐producing isolates encoded only the CTX‐M‐15 gene. Clonal group ST131 (35.7%) was the predominant ST, followed by ST617 (28.6%). Isolated cases of other sequence types were also observed. Plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance gene qnrA, qnrB1 and aac‐(6’)‐lb‐cr were detected among these ESBL isolates of different clonal groups. This is the first description of the clonality of CTX‐M‐15‐producing E. coli from Nigeria. Presence of diverse clonal lineag... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418579 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418578&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03731.x We report data concerning the detection of fungal DNA directly from lysis centrifugation blood culture to assess its value in the detection of fungemia in 86 of the 347 patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between January 2009 and December 2010. The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR were 87.5% and 98.5%, respectively with a positive predictive value of 93.3% and a negative predictive value of 97.1%. Detection of fungal DNA directly from blood culture IsolatorTM 1.5 microbial tubes, without prior cultivation, is a promising approach for the rapid detection of Candida spp. in neonates with suspected candidaemia. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418578 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418577&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03732.x AbstractIn this paper we report on the development and validation of two different methods for Posaconazole quantification from serum samples, HPLC/UV and bioassay. Both methods have been validated according to international guidelines and were also applied to the analysis of 61 trough serum samples from treated patients. A good correlation between both methods was observed. The HPLC method, more laborious and expensive, has demonstrated to be more accurate, precise and faster (analytical range 0.125‐16 μg/mL, accuracy between ‐2.48 and 3.70% and precision between.2.77 and 5.93%, with an analytical run time of 11 min), making it a valuable tool for reference laboratories that centralize high number of samples. The microbiological method, however, is simple and offers sufficient precis... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418577 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5617564&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03727.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractThe aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of acute hepatitis E in Greater Cairo. Patients with acute hepatitis E were identified through a surveillance of acute hepatitis using the following definition: recent (<3 weeks) onset of fever or jaundice, alanine aminotransferase at least three times the upper limit of normal (uln), negative markers for other causes of viral hepatitis and detectable hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA. Comparison of the liver tests between acute hepatitis E and hepatitis A virus (HAV), case–control analysis (four sex‐matched and age‐matched (±1 year) HAV controls per case) to explore risk factors and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Of the 17 acute HEV patients identified between 2002 and 2007, 14 were male. ... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5617564 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5617564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534291&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03729.x This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating NAB development in CHC patients who become resistant to PEG‐IFN‐α treatment, and suggests management alternatives for patients who develop NAB. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534291 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418586&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03723.x We report a case of viral peritonitis caused by coxsackievirus B1 in a 79‐year‐old male undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and review the English literature. Clinicians should be aware of viral peritonitis in patients on CAPD presenting with a viral syndrome and mononuclear PD effluent. Currently, viral diagnostic tests are available to confirm the diagnosis and avoid unnecessary treatment with antibiotics. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418586 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418585&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03724.x In conclusion, neither by culture nor by rapid PCR test is nose sampling alone sufficient for MRSA detection. Additional anatomical sites should include at least groin and throat swabs. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418585 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418584&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03725.x SummaryThe swine‐origin H1N1 influenza A virus (pH1N1(2009)) started to circulate worldwide in 2009, and cases were notified in a number of sub‐Saharan African countries. However, no epidemiological data allowing estimation of the epidemic burden was available in this region, preventing comprehensive comparison with other parts of the world. The CoPanFlu‐Mali programme studied a cohort of 202 individuals living in the rural commune of Dioro (Southern Central Mali). Pre‐ and post‐pandemic paired sera (sampled in 2006 and April 2010, respectively) were tested by the Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) method. Different estimates of pH1N1(2009) infection during the 2009 first epidemic wave were used (increased prevalence of HI titre≥1/40 or ≥1/80, seroconversions) and provided con... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418584 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418583&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03726.x AbstractScreening 155 carbapenem non‐susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii strains recovered in Abu Dhabi hospitals identified two metallo‐ß‐lactamase blaNDM gene‐carrying isolates. They were isolated 4 months apart from the urine of a cancer patient previously treated in Egypt, Lebanon and in the United Arab Emirates. They were clonally‐related and carried the blaNDM‐2 gene recently identified in A. baumannii in Egypt and Israel. Sequences surrounding the blaNDM‐2 gene showed significant similarities with those associated with blaNDM‐1 in Enterobacteriaceae and A. baumannii. Repeated isolation of blaNDM‐2‐positive A. baumannii in the Middle East raises the possibility of the local emergence and spread of a unique clone. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418583 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418582&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03727.x AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of acute hepatitis E in Greater Cairo.Acute hepatitis E patients were identified through a surveillance of acute hepatitis using the following definition: recent (<3 weeks) onset of fever or jaundice, ALT ≥3 times the upper limit of normal (uln), negative markers for other causes of viral hepatitis and detectable hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA. Comparison of the liver tests between acute hepatitis E and hepatitis A (HAV), case‐control analysis (4 sex and age (±1 year) matched HAV controls per case) to explore risk factors and phylogenetic analyses were performed.Of the 17 acute HEV patients identified between 2002 and 2007, 14 were male. Median age was 16 years (interquartile range (IQR) 13‐22). Compared to HAV (N=68 s... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418582 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418581&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03728.x AbstractWe investigated the presence of qnrC and qnrD among 756 non‐replicate Enterobacteriaceae isolated in Italy, selected for being non‐susceptible to fluoroquinolones and/or resistant to third‐generation cephalosporins. Four Proteus mirabilis and one Morganella morganii (0.66% of the total) presented a qnrD gene, located in a 2687‐bp plasmid that was entirely sequenced. The plasmid is un‐typable, and contains no known coding region other qnrD. That the qnrD gene was found in four unrelated P. mirabilis and in one M. morganii isolate might suggest a frequent association of this gene with the tribe Proteeae. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418581 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418580&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03729.x This study emphasises the importance of evaluating NAB development in CHC patients who become resistant to PEG‐IFN alpha treatment, and suggest management alternatives for patients who develop NAB. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418580 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404961&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03706.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404961 Mon, 14 Nov 2011 13:46:41 +0100 5404961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404960&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03678.x Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17: 1781–1785AbstractThe relevant efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has resulted in the successful treatment of several diseases, although susceptibility to infections remains a major problem. This review summarizes aspects of the literature regarding viral infections and mAbs, specifically addressing the risk of infection/reactivation, the measures that can reduce this risk, and the role played by the laboratory of clinical virology in monitoring patients undergoing mAb therapy. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404960 Mon, 14 Nov 2011 13:46:10 +0100 5404960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404959&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03719.x AbstractAlthough tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) has been recognized in Europe for more than 70 years and has been the topic of numerous reports, information on the involvement of facial nerve in the course of the disease is limited. Our study conducted at a single medical centre revealed that facial nerve involvement in the course of TBE in Central Europe is a) infrequent – it was found in only 11 of 1218 (0.9%) consecutive adult patients diagnosed with TBE; b) manifests with unilateral or rarely bilateral peripheral facial palsy (PFP) (9 and 2 patients, respectively); c) appears late in the course of acute illness – in our patients 10–20 days after the onset of the meningoencephalitic phase of TBE, and often after defervescence (in 8/11 patients; 6–13 days after normalisation of ... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404959 Mon, 14 Nov 2011 13:41:57 +0100 5404959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534293&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03717.x This study compared human in vivo changes in 15 coagulation, inflammation and endothelial activation markers in prospectively collected admission and follow‐up samples of 121 patients (55 scrub typhus, 55 murine typhus, and 11 typhus‐like illness) and 51 healthy controls from Laos. As compared with controls, all but one of the markers assessed were significantly affected in typhus patients; however, the activation patterns differed significantly between scrub and murine typhus patients. The levels of markers of coagulation activation and all inflammatory cytokines, except for interleukin‐12, were significantly higher in patients with scrub typhus than in those with murine typhus. In patients with murine typhus, however, the levels of endothelium‐derived markers were significantly ... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534293 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534292&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03718.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractTo estimate endemic areas for Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Greece, a country‐wide seroepidemiological study was conducted, and 1611 human sera were prospectively collected along with data regarding possible risk factors for acquisition of infection, and tested for CCHF virus IgG antibodies by ELISA. The overall seroprevalence was 4.2%, with significant differences among prefectures, ranging from 0 to 27.5%. Multivariate analysis revealed that slaughtering and agricultural activities were significant risk factors for CCHFV seropositivity. The significantly high seroprevalence in specific prefectures, together with the extremely low number of CCHF cases, suggest that this phenomenon might be strain‐related. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and I... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534292 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5465788&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03714.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractWe used molecular techniques to analyse 87 (n = 70 patients) Aspergillus terreus complex isolates, all of which were identified as A. terreus sensu stricto. The antifungal susceptibilities determined with CLSI M38‐A2 (and Etest for amphotericin B) and expressed as mg/L for range of MIC/MIC90/geometric mean were as follows: itraconazole, 0.25–2/2/1.097; voriconazole, 0.125–2/2/1.176; posaconazole, 0.25–1/1/0.836; amphotericin B CLSI, 4–32/16/9.689; and Etest, 0.75–64/6/3.106. The MICs for amphotericin B were significantly higher than those found for the triazoles. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5465788 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5465788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397551&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03715.x AbstractThe recent finding of a new mecA homologue mecALGA251 with only 70% nucleotide homology to the conventional mecA gene has brought the routine testing for mecA as a confirmatory test for MRSA into question. A multiplex PCR was designed to differentiate mecALGA251 from the known mecA together with detection of lukF‐PV and the spa gene fragments enabling direct spa typing by sequencing of the PCR amplicons. The PCR analysis and subsequent spa typing was validated on a large collection (n=185) of contemporary MRSA and MSSA isolates, including 127 isolates carrying mecALGA251. The mecALGA251 was situated in SCCmec XI elements and sequence variation within a 631 bp fragment of the mecALGA251 gene in 79 isolates indicated a much conserved gene sequence. Following a successful validation... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397551 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5397551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397550&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03716.x Conclusions:  In our experience, clofazimine was well tolerated, may have efficacy in the treatment of MDR‐TB. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397550 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5397550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397549&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03717.x This study compared human in vivo changes in 15 coagulation, inflammation and endothelial activation markers in prospectively collected admission and follow‐up samples of 121 patients (55 scrub typhus, 55 murine typhus and 11 typhus‐like illness) and 51 healthy controls from Laos.Compared to controls, all but one markers assessed were significantly affected in typhus patients, however the activation patterns differed significantly between scrub and murine typhus patients. In scrub typhus, markers of coagulation activation and all inflammatory cytokines, except for IL‐12, were significantly higher compared to murine typhus. In murine typhus however, endothelium derived markers were significantly higher. Anticoagulant factors were inhibited in both typhus patient groups.This is the fir... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397549 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5397549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397548&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03718.x AbstractIn order to estimate endemic areas for Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Greece, a country‐wide seroepidemiological study was conducted, and 1611 human sera were prospectively collected along with data regarding possible risk factors for acquisition of infection, and tested for CCHF virus IgG antibodies by ELISA. The overall seroprevalence was 4.2%, with significant differences among prefectures, ranging from 0 to 27.5%. Multivariate analysis revealed that slaughtering and agricultural activities were significant risk factors for CCHFV seropositivity. The significantly high seroprevalence in specific prefectures, together with the extremely low number of CCHF cases, suggest that this phenomenon might be strain‐related. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397548 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5397548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376572&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03712.x AbstractWe compared the rate and extent of anidulafungin’s and fluconazole’s activity in neutropenic and non‐neutropenic mice with Candida albicans invasive candidiasis. In immunocompetent mice, anidulafungin significantly improved survival versus controls and fluconazole, and significant reductions in (1→3)‐β‐D‐glucan and fungal burden were observed. In neutropenic animals, the highest doses of anidulafungin (5 mg/kg) and fluconazole (10 mg/kg) also improved survival and reduced fungal burden. However, there were no differences in survival between these antifungals as anidulafungin’s activity was attenuated in this model. These results demonstrate that the extent of anidulafungin in vivo efficacy may be dependent on host immune status. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and I... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376572 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397547&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03714.x AbstractWe used molecular techniques to analyze 87 (n=70 patients) Aspergillus terreus complex isolates, all of which were identified as A. terreus sensu stricto. The antifungal susceptibility determined using CLSI M38‐A2 (and Etest for amphotericin B) and expressed as μg/ml for range of MIC/MIC90/geometric mean was as follows: itraconazole (0.25‐2/2/1.097), voriconazole (0.125‐2/2/1.176), posaconazole (0.25‐1/1/0.836), amphotericin B CLSI (4‐32/16/9.689), and Etest (0.75‐64/6/3.106). The MICs for amphotericin B were significantly higher than those found for the triazoles. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397547 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5397547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376571&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03713.x In conclusion, the novel LCD chip technique examined in our study was able to detect fungal pathogens in liver biopsies from patients with haematological malignancies and suspected HCI/CDC but was negative in control biopsies. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376571 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5447977&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03710.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractA strain of Escherichia coli was positive for 5 aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes (aac(3)‐I, aac(6′)‐Ib‐cr, ant(3″″)‐I, aadA5, and aph(3′)‐I) in PCR assays. And these positive genes confer resistance to aminoglycosides (gentamicin and tobramycin). This is the first report of emergence of five kinds of aminoglycoside‐modifying enzymes genes simultaneously in E. coli worldwide. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5447977 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5447977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418587&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03711.x In conclusion, PI‐1 is commonly found in pneumococcal carriage isolates, but does not appear to be associated with pneumococcal transmissibility or carriage duration. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418587 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5418587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376574&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03710.x This is the first report of emergence of five kinds of aminoglycosidemodifying enzymes genes simultaneously in E. coli worldwide. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376574 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376573&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03711.x In conclusion, PI‐1 is commonly found in pneumococcal carriage isolates but does not appear to be associated with pneumococcal transmissibility or carriage duration. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376573 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356039&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03709.x In conclusion, antibiotic administration within 4 or 8 hours of arrival at the ED did not improve 30‐day survival in hospitalized adults for CAP or HCAP. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356039 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 07:27:09 +0100 5356039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5465789&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03708.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractCarbapenem resistance is increasingly being reported among Acinetobacter species, and results mostly from the expression of acquired carbapenem‐hydrolysing oxacillinases (CHDLs). Several Acinetobacter species intrinsically possess chromosomal CHDL genes: Acinetobacter baumannii (blaOXA‐51), Acinetobacter radioresistens (blaOXA‐23), and Acinetobacter lwoffii (blaOXA‐134). We aimed to identify the progenitors of novel CHDL‐encoding genes for identification of potential reservoirs. We performed PCR screening using degenerated internal primers designed from a sequence alignment of the known CHDLs (OXA‐23, OXA‐40, OXA‐51, OXA‐58, OXA‐134, and OXA‐143) applied to a collection of 50 Acinetobacter strains belonging to 23 different species. Two str... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5465789 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5465789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356040&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03708.x AbstractCarbapenem resistance is increasingly reported among Acinetobacter genus and results mostly from the expression of acquired carbapenem‐hydrolysing oxacillinases (CHDL). Several Acinetobacter species intrinsically possess chromosomal CHDL genes which are A. baumannii (blaOXA‐51), A. radioresistens (blaOXA‐23) and A. lwoffii (blaOXA‐134). We aimed to identify the progenitors of novel CHDL‐encoding genes for identification of potential reservoirs. We performed a PCR screening using degenerated internal primers designed from a sequence alignment of the known CHDLs (OXA‐23, OXA‐40, OXA‐51, OXA‐58, OXA‐134, and OXA‐143) applied to a collection of 50 Acinetobacter sp. strains belonging to twenty‐three different species. Two strains of Acinetobacter johnsonii, one s... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356040 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356042&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03684.x In conclusion, this article describes for the first time a PCR assay for the specific identification of S. pseudopneumoniae. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356042 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344034&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03705.x SummaryVaricella‐Zoster Virus (VZV) encephalitis is a leading cause of acute viral encephalitis but little is known about its clinical, biological, and imaging features. Furthermore, the most favorable treatment regimen has not been determined yet. We studied a prospective cohort of 20 HIV‐negative patients presenting with acute VZV encephalitis due to primary infection or reactivation. VZV was identified in 16/20 cases by PCR detection of the DNA in CSF. The 4 remaining cases occurred during or soon after a VZV rash. The median age of the 17 adults was 76 (19‐86) years of age; the 3 other patients were children (0.5 to 5 years of age). Three patients were immunocompromised. Nine adult patients presented with a rash. Eighteen patients presented with fever and an acute encephalitic sy... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344034 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 12:17:01 +0100 5344034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5447978&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03704.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractTo better recognize the pathogenicity of ocular Demodex mites, we analysed Bacillus oleronius infection in patients with Demodex‐related chronic blepharitis. The studies were conducted on 68 adult patients, in whom ophthalmological and parasitological tests permitted the distinction of a group of 38 patients with a diagnosis of Demodex‐related chronic blepharitis (group 1, including a subgroup 1a with moderate blepharitis and a subgroup 1b with severe blepharitis) and a group of 30 healthy individuals (group 2). In every person studied six eyelashes were epilated from each eye and the number of Demodex per eyelash was scored. In parallel, bacterial culture and isolation allowed their phenotypic and molecular identification. The drug sensitivity of the isola... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5447978 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5447978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418588&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03705.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractVaricella zoster virus (VZV) is a leading cause of acute viral encephalitis but little is known about its clinical, biological and imaging features. Furthermore, the most favourable treatment regimen has not been determined. We studied a prospective cohort of 20 HIV‐negative patients presenting with acute VZV encephalitis caused by primary infection or reactivation. VZV was identified in 16 of 20 cases by PCR detection of the DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid. The four remaining cases occurred during or soon after a VZV rash. The median age of the 17 adults was 76 (19–86) years; the three other patients were children (0.5–5 years). Three patients were immunocompromised. Nine adult patients presented with a rash. Eighteen patients presented with fever and a... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418588 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5418588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344037&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03702.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344037 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344036&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03703.x AbstractEUCAST Expert rules have been developed to assist clinical microbiologists and describe actions to be taken in response to specific antimicrobial susceptibility test results. They include recommendations on reporting, such as inferring susceptibility to other agents from results with one, suppression of results which may be inappropriate, and editing of results from susceptible to intermediate or resistant or from intermediate to resistant on the basis of an inferred resistance mechanism. They are based on current clinical and/or microbiological evidence. EUCAST expert rules also include intrinsic resistance phenotypes and exceptional resistance phenotypes, which have not yet been reported or are very rare. The applicability of EUCAST expert rules depends on the MIC breakpoints use... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344036 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344035&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03704.x AbstractIn order to better recognize pathogenicity of ocular Demodex mites, we analysed manifestation of B. oleronius infection in patients with Demodex‐related chronic blepharitis. The studies were conducted on 68 adult patients, in which ophthalmological and parasitological tests permitted to distinguish a group of 38 patients with diagnosis of Demodex‐related chronic blepharitis (group 1, including a subgroup 1a with moderate blepharitis and a subgroup 1b with severe blepharitis) and a group of 30 healthy individuals (group 2). In every studied person 6 eyelashes were epilated from each eye and a number of Demodex per eyelash was scored. In parallel bacterial culture and isolation allowed for their phenotypic and molecular identification. Drug sensitivity of the obtained isolates wa... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344035 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5331382&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03701.x AbstractThe emergence of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza showed the importance of rapid assessment of the degree of immunity in the population, the rate of asymptomatic infection, the spread of infection in households, effects of control measures, and ability of candidate vaccines to produce a response in different age groups. A limitation lies in the available assay repertoire: gold standard methods for measuring antibodies to influenza virus are hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays and virus neutralization tests. Both assays are difficult to standardize and may be too specific to assess possible partial humoral immunity from previous exposures.Here, we describe the use of antigen‐microarrays to measure antibodies to HA1 antigens from 7 recent and historic seasonal H1, H2 and H3 infl... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5331382 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 06:57:08 +0100 5331382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5331383&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03700.x AbstractHistorically, Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) serotype b (Hib) caused most invasive Haemophilus infections world‐wide, mainly in children. In 1989 routine childhood vaccination against Hib was initiated in Iceland. We conducted a population‐based study of all patients in the country with Haemophilus spp. isolated from sterile sites (n=202), from 1983‐2008. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics of the infections and serotypes of the isolates were compared during the pre‐vaccination (1983‐1989) and post‐vaccination era (1990‐2008). Following the vaccination, the overall incidence of Hib decreased from 6.4 to 0.3/100 000 per year (p<0.05) whereas the incidence did not change significantly for infections caused by Haemophilus sensu lato not serotype b, hereafter referred ... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5331383 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5331383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311603&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03687.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311603 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 16:11:33 +0100 5311603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311595&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03698.x AbstractIn Denmark, several laboratories use PCR as a routine diagnostic method for Legionnaires’ disease, and almost all PCR positive samples have been investigated by culture.From 1993‐2010, we obtained isolates of Legionella species other than Legionella pneumophila (L. non‐ pneumophila) from respiratory samples from 33 patients, and from 1997‐2010, 42 isolates of L. non‐ pneumophila were obtained and saved from water samples from 39 different sites in Denmark. mip‐sequencing was used as a reference method to identify the L. non‐ pneumophila species. Only one of the 75 isolates did not pass the acceptance criteria with a similarity of ≥ 98% to sequences in the database. The Species distribution between clinical and environmental isolates varied. For the former, four spec... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311595 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 16:06:23 +0100 5311595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418589&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03697.x In conclusion, IFI is an important complication following haploidentical HSCT without in vitro T‐cell depletion. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418589 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5418589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397552&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03698.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractIn Denmark, several laboratories use PCR as a routine diagnostic method for Legionnaires’ disease, and almost all PCR‐positive samples are investigated by culture. From 1993 to 2010, isolates of Legionella species other than Legionella pneumophila were obtained from respiratory samples from 33 patients, and from 1997 to 2010, 42 isolates of Legionella non‐pneumophila species were obtained and saved from water samples from 39 different sites in Denmark. Macrophage infectivity potentiator gene (mip) sequencing was used as a reference method to identify the Legionella non‐pneumophila species. Only one of the 75 isolates did not meet the acceptance criterion of a similarity of ≥98% to sequences in the database. The species distribution between clinical an... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397552 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5397552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311599&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03699.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311599 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311599 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311598&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03695.x AbstractLimited data on relative fitness and virulence of antimicrobial resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are known. We aimed to study the virulence and fitness cost caused by ciprofloxacin‐resistance in A. baumannii (CipR) compared with susceptible parental wild type strain (CipS). Human lung epithelial cells were infected with CipS and CipR for 24 h. Competition fitness was monitored in vitro and in vivo in a murine peritoneal sepsis model. We showed that CipR induced less cell death than CipS and CipR growth slowly in competition with CipS. Altogether, acquisition of ciprofloxacin resistance confers a biological fitness cost and reduces virulence in A. baumannii. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311598 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311597&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03696.x AbstractThe closely related members of the Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) group (A. baumannii, A. pittii and A. nosocomialis) are difficult to identify with phenotypic tests in diagnostic laboratories. Genotypic identification methods require special skills and most do not provide rapid results. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of MALDI‐TOF MS to identify members of the Ab group. Sixty epidemiologically unrelated Acinetobacter spp. isolates were investigated by MALDI‐TOF MS: 18 A. baumannii; 17 A. pittii; 18 A. nosocomialis and 7 additional isolates representing other Acinetobacter spp. All strains were verified by ARDRA, rRNA intergenic spacer (ITS), recA sequencing and blaOXA‐51. MALDI‐TOF MS correctly identified all the genomic strains but erroneously identifie... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311597 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311596&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03697.x In conclusion, IFI is an important complication following haploidentical HSCT without in vitro T‐cell depletion. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311596 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311601&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03693.x AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the significance of shortening the antibiotic treatment duration in prosthetic joint infections (PJI) treated with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR). In April 2006 we shortened the total antibiotic treatment duration in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) PJIs from six months to three months and in total hip arthroplasty (THA) PJIs from three months to two months. All patients with TKA or THA PJI treated with DAIR between February 2001 and August 2009 were reviewed retrospectively.There were 132 patients treated with DAIR, of whom 86 (65%) completed the antibiotic therapy and were thus eligible for comparison concerning the length of antibiotic treatment. There were 32 (37%) THA and 54 (63%) TKA PJIs in the comparison. ... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311601 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311600&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03694.x Abstract:The usefulness of detecting circulating NS1 IgM antibodies for diagnosing acute dengue virus infection was evaluated during an outbreak investigation along with other routinely used laboratory diagnostic methods. For the first time, the samples were also tested for NS1 antigen detection. NS1 IgM antibody detects all the serum samples that were positive for NS1 antigen detection within first five days of infection. The sensitivity of the NS1 IgM ELISA was higher when compared to RT‐PCR and therefore, it could be used for early diagnosis. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311600 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5302090&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03692.x Conclusions:  Complicated pulmonary pneumococcal pneumonia was characterized by a more severe clinical presentation but was not associated with increased mortality. Resistance to antibiotics was lower in complicated cases. No significant differences were observed in the serotype distribution of complicated versus uncomplicated pneumonia. In the multivariate analysis COPD was protective factor for pulmonary complications. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5302090 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 14:56:22 +0100 5302090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376582&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03692.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics, predictors and outcomes of pneumococcal pneumonia developing pulmonary complications and the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes. It was a prospective study including all adult patients admitted to the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain (2001–2009) with the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. Microbiological investigation was systematically performed, including antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution (only invasive strains isolated during 2006–2009). Complicated pneumonia was defined as the presence of one or more pulmonary complications: pleural effusion, empyema, or multilobar infiltrates. We included 626 patients, and 235 (38%) had the following pulmonary complication... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376582 Sun, 09 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282099&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03691.x AbstractHigh cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG levels have been identified as a risk factor for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. None of the 68 patents in our study were CMV IgM positive, although 96% were CMV IgG positive. CMV antigens were detected in the radial artery and/or cephalic vein of 46% of patients who received an AVF. The presence of CMV antigens or high serum CMV IgG levels had no prognostic value for AVF failure. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282099 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 15:45:38 +0100 5282099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376583&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03689.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractInvasive fungal infections caused by rare filamentous fungi constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with defective immune responses. Despite the advent of new antifungal agents, the problem is escalating as the number of susceptible hosts increases and virulent, more resistant fungal strains emerge. There is evidence that reconstitution of the host immune function is a major contributor to the resolution of these infections. Therapeutic modalities aimed at increasing phagocyte numbers, such as granulocyte transfusions, stimulating the immune response, such as administration of haematopoietic growth factors and other proinflammatory cytokines, or indirectly augmenting immune function have shown promising results in the preclinical s... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376583 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282101&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03689.x AbstractInvasive fungal infections due to rare filamentous fungi are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with defective immune response. Despite the advent of new antifungal agents, the problem is escalating as the number of susceptible hosts increases and virulent, more resistant fungal strains are emerging. There is evidence that reconstitution of the host immune function is a major contributor to the resolution of these infections. Therapeutic modalities aiming to increase the phagocyte number such as granulocyte transfusions or to stimulate immune response such as administration of hematopoietic growth factors and other pro‐inflammatory cytokines or to indirectly augment the immune function showed promising results in the preclinical setting. Due to their rarit... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282101 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282100&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03690.x SummaryA low level of CD4+ lymphocyte cells makes end‐stage HIV/AIDS patients highly susceptible to microbial infections. We have adopted the next generation sequencing method to identify the spectrum of bacterial plasma and viral elements that might be present in these patients. HIV/AIDS plasma microbiome was dominated by bacterial elements in the taxonomical order Pseudomonadales, while healthy people carried fewer bacterial DNA in the plasma. We have found that many of the bacterial elements in HIV/AIDS plasma are similar to that of the microbes found in the human gut, suggesting for potential acquisition of microbial elements from the gut. The HIV/AIDS and normal plasma DNA virome shared some similarities in the presence of common ubiquitous eukaryotic viruses. The normal DNA virome ... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282100 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5269774&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03688.x In conclusion, MALDI‐TOF MS strategy used in this work allows a rapid and performant identification of all microorganisms isolated routinely. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5269774 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 01:30:25 +0100 5269774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257712&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03672.x Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17(Suppl. 6): E1–E59AbstractThis document is an update of Guidelines published in 2005 and now includes scientific publications through to May 2010. It provides evidence‐based recommendations for the most common management questions occurring in routine clinical practice in the management of adult patients with LRTI. Topics include management outside hospital, management inside hospital (including community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis) and prevention. Background sections and graded evidence tables are also included. The target audience for the Guideline is thus all those whose routine practice includes the management of adult LRTI. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257712 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 09:26:53 +0100 5257712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257711&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03602.x Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17 (Suppl. 6): 1–24AbstractThis document is an update of Guidelines published in 2005 and now includes scientific publications through to May 2010. It provides evidence‐based recommendations for the most common management questions occurring in routine clinical practice in the management of adult patients with LRTI. Topics include management outside hospital, management inside hospital (including community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis) and prevention. The target audience for the Guideline is thus all those whose routine practice includes the management of adult LRTI. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257711 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 09:26:51 +0100 5257711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376584&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03688.x In conclusion, the MALDI‐TOF MS strategy used in this work allows a rapid and efficient identification of all microorganisms isolated routinely. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376584 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356041&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03686.x Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractIndividual and ward risk factors for P. aeruginosa‐induced urinary tract infection in the case of nosocomial urinary tract infection in the intensive care unit were determined with hierarchical (multilevel) logistic regression. The 2004–2006 prospective French national intensive care unit nosocomial infection surveillance dataset was used and 3252 patients with urinary tract infection were included; 16% were infected by P. aeruginosa. Individual risk factors were male sex, duration of stay, antibiotics at admission and transfer from another intensive care unit. Ward risk factors were patient turnover and incidence of P. aeruginosa‐infected patients. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356041 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5331386&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03685.x Clin Microbiol Infect 2011AbstractThe European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycosis Study Group (EORTC‐MSG) radiological definitions of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) may lack diagnostic sensitivity. We evaluated applying less restrictive radiological criteria, when supported by specific microbiological findings, to define IPA in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), lymphoproliferative diseases (LD) and allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo‐SCT) patients. Overall, 109 consecutive episodes of proven/probable IPA in 56 AML, 31 LD and 22 allo‐SCT patients diagnosed from February 2006 through to January 2011 were considered. IPA was diagnosed with EORTC‐MSG criteria (control group, 76 patients) or without prespecified radiological criteria (study group, 3... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5331386 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5331386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5269776&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03685.x AbstractThe European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycosis Study Group (EORTC‐MSG) radiological definitions of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) may lack diagnostic sensitivity. We evaluated the hypothesis to apply less restrictive radiological criteria, when supported by specific microbiological findings, to define IPA in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), lymphoprolipherative diseases (LD) and allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo‐SCT) patients. Overall, 109 consecutive episodes of proven/probable IPA in 56 AML, 31 LD and 22 allo‐SCT patients diagnosed from February 2006 through January 2011 were considered. IPA was diagnosed with EORTC‐MSG criteria (control group, 76 patients) or without prespecified radiologic criteria (study group, 33 patients). The... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5269776 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5269776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5269775&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03686.x AbstractIndividual and ward risk factors for P. aeruginosa‐induced urinary tract infection in case of nosocomial urinary tract infection in intensive care unit were determined with hierarchical (multilevel) logistic regression. The 2004‐2006 prospective French national intensive care unit nosocomial infection surveillance dataset was used and 3252 patients with urinary tract infection were included; 16% were infected by P. aeruginosa. Individual risk factors were male sex, duration of stay, antibiotics at admission and transfer from another intensive care unit. Ward risk factors were patient turnover and incidence of P. aeruginosa‐infected patients. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5269775 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5269775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5246947&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03630.x Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17: 1478–1483AbstractAlthough there have been significant advances in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), there remain challenges to ensure that treatments effective in India are also effective in other regions of the world and to identify treatment for post kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis as well as the opportunity to develop a safe oral short‐course treatment. At the same time, there have been few advances for the treatment of simple or complex forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), other than topical paromomycin formulations. The main challenge for CL is to ensure that this disease is on the research and development agenda, so that new drugs are evaluated or compounds are screened in appropriate models, and that the standardization of quality o... Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5246947 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 15:21:22 +0100 5246947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5246946&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03588.x (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5246946 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 15:21:15 +0100 5246946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5246938&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03683.x Conclusions:  Our data suggest that patients with CVC tips colonized with S. aureus should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of ongoing infection, but if not present, antimicrobial therapy does not seem justified. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5246938 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 15:16:06 +0100 5246938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5331388&cid=s_33107_77_f&fid=33107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-0691.2011.03682.x In conclusion, our study demonstrated that inhaled CMS enhanced the eradication of MDRAB from the respiratory tract without significant clinical adverse effect or impact on colistin resistance. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Clinical Microbiology and Infection journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5331388 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5331388